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Organization and Basis of Presentation (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

On August 6, 2019, Midstates Petroleum Company, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Midstates”), completed its business combination (the “Merger”) with Amplify Energy Corp. (“Legacy Amplify”), in accordance with the terms of that certain Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated May 5, 2019 (the “Merger Agreement”), by and among Midstates, Legacy Amplify and Midstates Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation and direct, wholly owned subsidiary of Midstates (“Merger Sub”). Pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, Merger Sub merged with and into Legacy Amplify, with Legacy Amplify surviving the Merger as a wholly owned subsidiary of Midstates, and immediately following the Merger, Legacy Amplify merged with and into Alpha Mike Holdings LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and wholly owned subsidiary of Midstates (“LLC Sub”), with LLC Sub surviving as a wholly owned subsidiary of Midstates. On the effective date of the Merger, Midstates changed its name to “Amplify Energy Corp.” (the “Company”) and LLC Sub changed its name to “Amplify Energy Holdings LLC.”

For financial reporting purposes, the Merger represented a “reverse merger” and Legacy Amplify was deemed to be the accounting acquirer in the transaction. Legacy Amplify’s historical results of operations replaced Midstates’ historical results of operations for all periods prior to the Merger and, for all periods following the Merger, the Company’s financial statements reflect the results of operations of the combined company. Accordingly, the financial statements for the Company included in this annual report for periods prior to the Merger are not the same as Midstates prior reported filings with the SEC, which were derived from the operations of Midstates. As a result, period-to-period comparisons of our operating results may not be meaningful. The results of any one quarter should not be relied upon as an indication of future performance.

When referring to Legacy Amplify, the intent is to refer to Amplify Energy Corp. prior to the Merger, and its consolidated subsidiaries as a whole or on an individual basis, depending on the context in which the statements are made. Legacy Amplify is the successor reporting company (the “Successor”) of Memorial Production Partners LP (“MEMP”) pursuant to Rule 15d-5 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. When referring to the “Predecessor” or the “Company” in reference to the period prior to Legacy Amplify emergence from bankruptcy, the intent is to refer to MEMP, the predecessor that was dissolved following the effective date of the Plan (as defined below) and its consolidated subsidiaries as a whole or on an individual basis, depending on the context in which the statements are made.

We operate in one reportable segment engaged in the acquisition, development, exploitation and production of oil and natural gas properties. Our management evaluates performance based on one reportable business segment as there are not different economic environments within the operation of our oil and natural gas properties. Our assets consist primarily of producing oil and natural gas properties located in Oklahoma, the Rockies, federal waters offshore Southern California, East Texas/North Louisiana and South Texas. Most of our oil and natural gas properties are located in large, mature oil and natural gas reservoirs. The Company’s properties consist primarily of operated and non-operated working interests in producing and undeveloped leasehold acreage and working interests in identified producing wells.

Definitive Merger Agreement

On May 5, 2019, as discussed above, the Company entered into the Merger Agreement pursuant to which Legacy Amplify merged with a subsidiary of Midstates in an all-stock merger-of-equals. Under the terms of the Merger Agreement, Legacy Amplify stockholders received 0.933 shares of newly issued Company common stock for each share of Legacy Amplify common stock that they owned. The Merger closed on August 6, 2019. See Note 6 for additional information.

Emergence from Voluntary Reorganization under Chapter 11

On January 16, 2017 (the “Petition Date”), MEMP and certain of its subsidiaries (collectively with MEMP, the “Debtors”) filed voluntary petitions (the cases commenced thereby, the “Chapter 11 proceedings”) under Chapter 11 of Title 11 of the United States Code (the “Bankruptcy Code” or “Chapter 11”) in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of Texas, Houston Division (the “Bankruptcy Court”). The Debtors’ Chapter 11 proceedings were jointly administered under the caption In re: Memorial Production Partners LP, et al. (Case No. 17-30262). On April 14, 2017, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order approving the Second Amended Joint Plan of Reorganization of Memorial Production Partners LP and its affiliated Debtors, dated April 13, 2017 (as amended and supplemented, the “Plan”). On May 4, 2017 (the “Effective Date”), the Debtors satisfied the conditions to effectiveness of the Plan, the Plan became effective in accordance with its terms and Legacy Amplify emerged from bankruptcy.

Basis of Presentation

Our Consolidated Financial Statements included herein have been prepared pursuant to the rule and guidelines of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).

All material intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in preparation of our Consolidated Financial Statements. The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). Certain amounts in the prior year financial statements have been reclassified to conform to current presentation. Gain (loss) on extinguishment of deferred finance cost were previously accounted for as interest expense, net and are now being presented as gain (loss) on extinguishment of debt on our Statement of Consolidated Operations.

Beginning in 2019, the Company has elected to change its reporting convention from natural gas equivalent (Mcfe) to barrels of oil equivalent (Boe). The change in presentation reflects our liquids-weighted production and reserve profile with a balanced approach to development of our oil and natural gas asset portfolio.

The Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared as if the Company is a going concern and reflect the application of Accounting Standards Codification 852 “Reorganizations” (“ASC 852”). ASC 852 requires that the financial statements, for periods subsequent to the Chapter 11 filing, distinguish transactions and events that are directly associated with the reorganization from the ongoing operations of the business. Accordingly, certain expenses, gains and losses that were realized or incurred in the bankruptcy proceedings are recorded in “reorganization items, net” on the Company’s Statement of Consolidated Operations.

The Company adopted the new accounting pronouncement related to the presentation of statement of cash flows — restricted cash in the first quarter of 2018. A retrospective change for the period from January 1, 2017 through May 4, 2017 and May 5, 2017 through December 31, 2017 on the Statement of Consolidated Cash Flows as previously presented was required due to adoption. The table below sets forth the retrospective adjustments for the periods presented:

	Predecessor
	Previously Reported Period from January 1, 2017 through May 4, 2017			Adjustment Effect		As Adjusted Period from January 1, 2017 through May 4, 2017
	(In thousands)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Restricted cash	$	(7,561	)	$	7,561	$	—
Net cash provided by operating activities		117,937			7,561		125,498
Net change in cash and cash equivalents		4,767			7,561		12,328
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period		20,140			7,561		27,701

	Successor
	Previously Reported Period from May 5, 2017 through December 31, 2017			Adjustment Effect			As Adjusted Period from May 5, 2017 through December 30, 2017
	(In thousands)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Restricted cash	$	7,561		$	(7,561	)	$	—
Net cash provided by operating activities		102,203			(7,561	)		94,642
Net change in cash and cash equivalents		(13,748	)		(7,561	)		(21,309	)
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period		6,392			—			6,392

Comparability of Financial Statements to Prior Periods

As discussed in further detail in Note 3 below, Legacy Amplify adopted and applied the relevant guidance provided in GAAP with respect to the accounting and financial statement disclosures for entities that have emerged from bankruptcy proceedings (“Fresh Start Accounting”). Accordingly, our Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes after May 4, 2017, are not comparable to the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes prior to that date. To facilitate our financial statement presentations, we refer to the reorganized company in these Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes as the “Successor” for periods subsequent to May 4, 2017 and “Predecessor” for periods prior to May 5, 2017. Furthermore, our Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes have been presented with a “black line” division to delineate the lack of comparability between the Predecessor and Successor.

Fresh Start Accounting

Upon the Effective Date, Legacy Amplify adopted fresh start accounting as required by GAAP. We met the requirements of fresh start accounting, which include: (i) the holders of the Predecessor’s voting common units immediately prior to the Effective Date received less than 50% of the voting shares of Legacy Amplify and (ii) the reorganization value of our assets immediately prior to the Effective Date was less than the post-petition liabilities and allowed claims. Fresh start accounting involved a comprehensive valuation process in which we determined the fair value of all of Legacy Amplify’s assets and liabilities on the Effective Date. See Note 3 for additional information.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the Consolidated Financial Statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Significant estimates include, but are not limited to, oil and natural gas reserves; depreciation, depletion and amortization of proved oil and natural gas properties; future cash flows from oil and natural gas properties; impairment of long-lived assets; fair value of derivatives; fair value of equity compensation; fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations and asset retirement obligations.

Business Combinations

Accounting for the acquisition of a business requires the identifiable assets and liabilities acquired to be recorded at fair value. The most significant assumptions in a business combination include those used to estimate the fair value of the oil and gas properties acquired. The fair value of proved natural gas properties is determined using a risk-adjusted after-tax discounted cash flow analysis based upon significant assumptions including commodity prices; projections of estimated quantities of reserves; projections of future rates of production; timing and amount of future development and operating costs; projected reserve recovery factors; and a weighted average cost of capital.

The Company utilizes a market approach to estimate the fair value of unproved properties acquired in a business combination which requires the Company to use judgment in considering the value per undeveloped acre in recent comparable transactions to estimate the value of unproved properties.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents represent unrestricted cash on hand and all highly liquid investments with original contractual maturities of three months or less.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

Cash balances, accounts receivable, restricted investments and derivative financial instruments are financial instruments potentially subject to credit risk. Cash and cash equivalents are maintained in bank deposit accounts which, at times, may exceed the federally insured limits. Management periodically reviews and assesses the financial condition of the banks to mitigate the risk of loss. Various restricted investment accounts fund certain long-term contractual and regulatory asset retirement obligations and collateralize certain regulatory bonds associated with the offshore Southern California oil and gas properties. These restricted investments consist of money market deposit accounts which are held with credit-worthy financial institutions. Derivative financial instruments are generally executed with major financial institutions that expose us to market and credit risks and which may, at times, be concentrated with certain counterparties. The credit worthiness of the counterparties is subject to continual review. We rely upon netting arrangements with counterparties to reduce credit exposure.

Oil and natural gas are sold to a variety of purchasers, including intrastate and interstate pipelines or their marketing affiliates and independent marketing companies. Accounts receivable from joint operations are from a number of oil and natural gas companies, individuals and others who own interests in the properties operated by us. Generally, operators of crude oil and natural gas properties have the right to offset future revenues against unpaid charges related to operated wells, minimizing the credit risk associated with these receivables. Additionally, management believes that any credit risk imposed by a concentration in the oil and natural gas industry is mitigated by the creditworthiness of its customer base. An allowance for doubtful accounts is recorded after all reasonable efforts have been exhausted to collect or settle the amount owed. Any amounts outstanding longer than the contractual terms are considered past due. We recorded $1.5 million and $1.2 million as an allowance for doubtful accounts at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

If we were to lose any one of our customers, the loss could temporarily delay the production and the sale of oil and natural gas in the related producing region. If we were to lose any single customer, we believe that a substitute customer to purchase the impacted production volumes could be identified.

Oil and Natural Gas Properties

Oil and natural gas exploration, development and production activities are accounted for in accordance with the successful efforts method of accounting. Under this method, costs of acquiring properties, costs of drilling successful exploration wells and development costs are capitalized. The costs of exploratory wells are initially capitalized pending a determination of whether proved reserves have been found. At the completion of drilling activities, the costs of exploratory wells remain capitalized if determination is made that proved reserves have been found. If no proved reserves have been found, the costs of each of the related exploratory wells are charged to expense. In some cases, a determination of proved reserves cannot be made at the completion of drilling, requiring additional testing and evaluation of the wells. The costs of such exploratory wells are expensed if a determination of proved reserves has not been made within a twelve-month period after drilling is complete. Exploration costs such as geological, geophysical, seismic costs and delay rental payments attributable to unproved locations are expensed as incurred.

As exploration and development work progresses and the reserves on these properties are proven, capitalized costs attributed to the properties are subject to depreciation and depletion. Depletion of capitalized costs is provided using the units-of-production method based on proved oil and gas reserves related to the associated field. Capitalized drilling and development costs of producing oil and natural gas properties are depleted over proved developed reserves and leasehold costs are depleted over total proved reserves. Support equipment and facilities, which are primarily related to our Wyoming and California assets, are depreciated using the straight-line method generally based on estimated useful lives of twelve to twenty-four years.

On the sale or retirement of a complete or partial unit of a proved property or pipeline and related facilities, the cost and related accumulated depreciation, depletion, and amortization are removed from the property accounts, and any gain or loss is recognized.

There were no material capitalized exploratory drilling costs pending evaluation at December 31, 2019 and 2018.

Oil and Natural Gas Reserves

The estimates of proved oil and natural gas reserves utilized in the preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements are estimated in accordance with the rules established by the SEC and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”). These rules require that reserve estimates be prepared under existing economic and operating conditions using a trailing 12-month average price with no provision for price and cost escalations in future years except by contractual arrangements. We engaged Cawley, Gillespie and Associates, Inc. (“CG&A”), our independent reserve engineers, to prepare our reserves estimates for all of our estimated proved reserves (by volume) at December 31, 2019.

Reserve estimates are inherently imprecise. Accordingly, the estimates are expected to change as more current information becomes available. It is possible that, because of changes in market conditions or the inherent imprecision of reserve estimates, the estimates of future cash inflows, future gross revenues, the amount of oil and natural gas reserves, the remaining estimated lives of oil and natural gas properties, or any combination of the above may be increased or decreased. Increases in recoverable economic volumes generally reduce per unit depletion rates while decreases in recoverable economic volumes generally increase per unit depletion rates.

Other Property & Equipment

Other property and equipment is stated at historical cost and is comprised primarily of vehicles, furniture, fixtures, office build-out cost and computer hardware and software. Depreciation of other property and equipment is calculated using the straight-line method generally based on estimated useful lives of three to seven years.

Restricted Investments

Various restricted investment accounts fund certain long-term contractual and regulatory asset retirement obligations and collateralize certain regulatory bonds associated with the offshore Southern California oil and gas properties. These investments are classified as held-to-maturity and such investments are stated at amortized cost. Interest earned on these investments is included in interest expense, net in the statement of operations. These restricted investments may consist of money market deposit accounts and U.S. Government securities. See Note 10 and Note 18 for additional information.

Debt Issuance Costs

These costs are recorded on the balance sheet and amortized over the term of the associated debt using the straight-line method which generally approximates the effective yield method. Amortization expense, including write-off of debt issuance costs, for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 and the period from May 5, 2017 through December 31, 2017 was approximately $1.2 million, $2.5 million and $2.1 million, respectively. No amortization of deferred financing cost was recorded for the period from January 1, 2017 through May 4, 2017 as the unamortized amount of deferred financing cost at December 31, 2016 was written off due to (i) the uncertainty regarding the Predecessor’s ability to cure the default that existed at December 31, 2016, (ii) the Predecessor’s inability to comply with certain financial covenants contained in our Predecessor’s revolving credit facility and (iii) the default or cross default provisions in the indentures governing the 2021 Senior Notes and 2022 Senior Notes.

Impairments

Proved oil and natural gas properties are reviewed for impairment when events and circumstances indicate the carrying value of such properties may not be recoverable. This may be due to a downward revision of the reserve estimates, less than expected production, drilling results, higher operating and development costs, or lower commodity prices. The estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected in connection with the property are compared to the carrying value of the property to determine if the carrying amount is recoverable. If the carrying value of the property exceeds its estimated undiscounted future cash flows, the carrying amount of the property is reduced to its estimated fair value using Level 3 inputs. The factors used to determine fair value include, but are not limited to, estimates of proved and probable reserves, future commodity prices, the timing of future production and capital expenditures and a discount rate commensurate with the risk reflective of the lives remaining for the respective oil and gas properties. No impairment expense related to our proved properties was recorded for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the period from May 5, 2017 through December 31, 2017 or the period from January 1, 2017 through May 4, 2017.

Unproved oil and natural gas properties are reviewed for impairment based on time or geologic factors. Information such as drilling results, reservoir performance, seismic interpretation or future plans to develop acreage is also considered. When unproved property investments are deemed to be impaired, the expense is reported in impairment expense. We recognized $2.2 million in impairment expense for certain unproved leasehold costs for the year ended December 31, 2019. We did not record any impairments related to unproved properties for the year ended December 31, 2018, the period from May 5, 2017 through December 31, 2017 or the period from January 1, 2017 through May 4, 2017.

Significant declines in commodity prices, further changes to the Company’s drilling or development plans, reduction of proved and probable reserve estimates, or increases in drilling or operating costs could result in other additional future impairments to proved and unproved oil and gas properties.

Asset Retirement Obligations

An asset retirement obligation associated with retiring long-lived assets is recognized as a liability on a discounted basis in the period in which the legal obligation is incurred and becomes determinable, with an equal amount capitalized as an addition to oil and natural gas properties, which is allocated to expense over the useful life of the asset. Generally, oil and gas producing companies incur such a liability upon acquiring or drilling a well. Accretion expense is recognized over time as the discounted liabilities are accreted to their expected settlement value. Upon settlement of the liability, a gain or loss is recognized in net income (loss) to the extent the actual costs differ from the recorded liability. See Note 9 for further discussion of asset retirement obligations.

Book Overdrafts

Book overdrafts, representing outstanding checks in excess of funds on deposit, are classified as accounts payable and the change in the related balance is reflected in operating activities in the statement of cash flows.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue from the sale of oil and natural gas is recognized when title passes, net of royalties due to third parties. Oil and natural gas revenues are recorded using the sales method. Under this method, revenues are recognized based on actual volumes of oil and natural gas sold to purchasers, regardless of whether the sales are proportionate to our ownership in the property. An asset or a liability is recognized to the extent there is an imbalance in excess of the proportionate share of the remaining recoverable reserves on the underlying properties. No significant imbalances existed at December 31, 2019 and 2018.

In May 2014, the FASB issued guidance regarding the accounting for revenue from contracts with customers. This standard includes a five-step revenue recognition model to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. Among other things, the standard also eliminates industry-specific revenue guidance and requires enhanced disclosures related to the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. The standard was effective for the Company starting January 1, 2018, and the Company adopted the standard using a modified retrospective approach. See Note 5 for additional information.

The following individual customers each accounted for 10% or more of total reported revenues for the period indicated:

Successor

Predecessor

For the

Period from

Year Ended

May 5, 2017

January 1, 2017

December 31,

through

2019

2018

December 31, 2017

May 4, 2017

Major customers:

Phillips 66

27%

23%

19%

Sinclair Oil & Gas Company

21%

19%

20%

CIMA Energy

n/a

10%

11%

n/a

BP America Production Company

13%

n/a

10%

Derivative Instruments

Commodity derivative financial instruments (e.g., swaps, collars and puts) are used to reduce the impact of natural gas and oil price fluctuations. Every derivative instrument is recorded on the balance sheet as either an asset or liability measured at its fair value. Changes in the derivative’s fair value are recognized in earnings as we have not elected hedge accounting for any of our derivative positions.

Capitalized Interest

We capitalize interest costs to oil and gas properties on expenditures made in connection with certain projects such as drilling and completion of new oil and natural gas wells and major facility installations. Interest is capitalized only for the period that such activities are in progress. Interest is capitalized using a weighted average interest rate based on our outstanding borrowings. These capitalized costs are included with intangible drilling costs and amortized using the units of production method. For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 and the period from May 5, 2017 through December 31, 2017 we had $0.2 million, $0.5 million and $0.4 million in capitalized interest, respectively. No capitalized interest recorded for the period from January 1, 2017 through May 4, 2017.

Income Tax

We are a corporation subject to federal and certain state income taxes. Our Predecessor was organized as a pass-through entity for federal and most state income tax purposes. Certain of our consolidated subsidiaries were taxed as corporations for federal and state income tax purposes. We are also subject to the Texas margin tax for activity in the state of Texas.

We use the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes, under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences of (1) temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements and (2) operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are based on enacted tax rates applicable to the future period when those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of deferred tax assets will not be realized. We recognize interest and penalties accrued to unrecognized tax benefits in other income (expense) in our Statement of Consolidated Operations.

We recognize a tax benefit from an uncertain tax position when it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefit recorded is equal to the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely to be realized through effective settlement with a taxing authority. Although we believe our assumptions, judgements and estimates are reasonable, changes in tax laws or our interpretation of tax laws and the resolution of any tax audits could significantly impact the amounts provided for income taxes in our consolidated financial statements.

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”). The provisions of the Tax Act that impact us include, but are not limited to, (1) reducing the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%; (2) elimination of the corporate alternative minimum tax (AMT); (3) temporary bonus depreciation that will allow for full expensing of qualified property, and (4) limitations on net operating losses (NOLs) generated after December 31, 2017, to 80 percent of taxable income.

Earnings Per Share/Unit

Basic and diluted earnings per share/unit (“EPS” or “EPU”) is determined by dividing net income or loss available to the common stockholders/limited partners by the weighted average number of outstanding shares/units during the period. Diluted earnings (loss) per common share is calculated under the two-class method and the treasury stock method by dividing net income (loss) available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of diluted common shares outstanding, which includes the effect of potentially dilutive securities. When a loss from continuing operations exists, all potentially dilutive securities are anti-dilutive and are therefore excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share. Net income or loss available to the Predecessor limited partners was determined by applying the two-class method. The two-class method of computing the Predecessor’s EPU was an earnings allocation formula that determined EPU based on distributions declared. The amount of net income or loss used in the determination of EPU was reduced (or increased) by the amount of available cash that had been distributed to the Predecessor’s limited partners for that corresponding period. The remaining undistributed earnings or excess distributions over earnings were allocated to the Predecessor’s limited partners in accordance with the contractual terms of the Predecessor’s partnership agreement. The total earnings allocated to the Predecessor’s limited partners was determined by adding together the amount allocated for distributions declared and the amount allocated for the undistributed earnings or excess distributions over earnings. Basic and diluted EPU are equivalent, as all restricted common units and subordinated units participated in distributions. See Note 13 for additional information.

Equity Compensation

The fair value of equity-classified awards (e.g., restricted common unit awards, restricted stock units or stock options) is amortized to earnings over the requisite service or vesting period. Compensation expense for liability-classified awards (e.g., phantom units awards) are recognized over the requisite service or vesting period of an award based on the fair value of the award re-measured at each reporting period. We currently have awards subject to performance criteria; such awards would vest when it is probable that the performance criteria will be met and the requisite service period has been met. Generally, no compensation expense is recognized for equity instruments that do not vest. See Note 14 for further information.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

Lease Recognition

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued guidance regarding the accounting for leases. The FASB retained a dual model, requiring leases to be classified as either direct financing or operating leases. The classification will be based on criteria that are similar to the current lease accounting treatment. The Company is the lessee under various agreements for office space, compressors, equipment, vehicles and surface rentals (right of use assets) that are currently accounted for as operating leases.

The Company applied the revised lease rules for our interim and annual reporting periods starting January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach with a cumulative impact to retained earnings in that period, and including several optional practical expedients relating to leases commenced before the effective date. The practical expedients the Company adopted are: (1) the original correct assessment of a contract containing a lease will be accepted without further review on all existing or expired contracts; (2) the original lease classification as an operating lease will convert as an operating lease under the new guidance; (3) initial direct costs for any existing leases will not be reassessed; (4) existing land easements or right of use agreements will continue under current accounting policy and only new agreements will be evaluated in the future; and (5) short-term leases for twelve months or less will not be evaluated under the guidance.

See Note 15 for additional information regarding the adoption of the leases standard.

New Accounting Pronouncements

Fair Value Measurement. In August 2018, the FASB issued an amendment to modify the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements in Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement. Certain disclosure requirements were removed, modified and added and primarily relate to Level 3 hierarchy measurements and changes to non-public entities disclosures. The guidance is effective for all entities for fiscal years and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. The impact of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company.

Financial Instruments — Credit Losses. In May 2019 the FASB issued an accounting standards update to provide entities with an option to irrevocably elect the fair value option applied on an instrument-by-instrument basis for certain financial assets upon the adoption. The fair value option election does not apply to held-to-maturity debt securities. The new guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those annual periods. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance and does not expect the guidance to have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.

Income Taxes – Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. In December 2019, the FASB issued an accounting standards update which simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740. This accounting standards update removes the following exceptions: (i) exception to the incremental approach for intraperiod tax allocation when there is a loss continuing operations and income or a gain from other items; (ii) exception to the requirements to recognize a deferred tax liability for equity method investments when a foreign subsidiary becomes an equity method investment; (iii) exception to the ability not to recognize a deferred tax liability for a foreign subsidiary when a foreign equity method investment becomes a subsidiary; and (iv) exception to the general methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period when a year-to-date loss exceeds the anticipated loss for the year. The amendments in the accounting standards update also improve consistency and simplify other areas of Topic 740 by clarifying and amending existing guidance. The new guidance is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning December 15, 2020. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance and does not expect the guidance to have a material impact on the Company's financial statements.

Other accounting standards that have been issued by the FASB or other standards-setting bodies are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows.