SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES |
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Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Cash
The Trust considers all highly liquid investments with original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Power REIT places its cash and cash equivalents with high-credit quality financial institutions; however, amounts are not insured or guaranteed by the FDIC. Amounts included in restricted cash represents funds held by the Trust related to debt service payment reserve required by the Debt Facility. See Note 6 for further discussion of the debt service payment reserve requirement. The following table provides a reconciliation of the Trust’s cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash that sums to the total of those amounts at the end of the periods presented on the Trust’s accompanying Consolidated Statements of Cash Flow:
Basis of Presentation
These unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”).
Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include Power REIT and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
Basic net income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing net income (loss) available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted net income (loss) per common share is computed similar to basic net income (loss) per common share except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the potential common shares had been issued and if the additional common shares were dilutive. The dilutive effect of the Trust’s options is computed using the treasury stock method.
Real Estate Assets and Depreciation of Investment in Real Estate
The Trust expects that most of its transactions will be accounted for as asset acquisitions. In an asset acquisition, the Trust is required to capitalize closing costs and allocates the purchase price on a relative fair value basis. For the six months ended June 30, 2022, the Trust acquired one property and the acquisition is accounted for as an asset acquisition. There were no acquisitions during the six months ended June 30, 2023. In making estimates of relative fair values for purposes of allocating purchase price, the Trust utilizes a number of sources, including independent appraisals that may be obtained in connection with the acquisition or financing of the respective property, its own analysis of recently acquired and existing comparable properties in our portfolio and other market data. The Trust also considers information obtained about each property as a result of its pre-acquisition due diligence, marketing and leasing activities in estimating the relative fair value of the tangible acquired. The Trust allocates the purchase price of acquired real estate to various components as follows:
Depreciation
Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of 20 years for greenhouses and 39 years for auxiliary buildings, except for PW CA Canndescent, LLC which was determined the buildings have a useful life of 37 years. For each of the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, approximately $1,209,000 and $677,000 depreciation expense was recorded, respectively.
Assets Held for Sale
Assets held for sale are measured at the lower of their carrying amount or estimated fair value less cost to sell. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Trust has three properties that are considered assets held for sale. See Note 7 for discussion of the Trust’s assets held for sale.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
Real estate investments and related intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the property might not be recoverable, which is referred to as a “triggering event.” A property to be held and used is considered impaired only if management’s estimate of the aggregate future cash flows, less estimated capital expenditures, to be generated by the property, undiscounted and without interest charges, are less than the carrying value of the property. This estimate takes into consideration factors such as expected future operating income, trends and prospects, as well as the effects of demand, competition and other factors.
If there is a triggering event in relation to a property to be held and used, the Trust will estimate the aggregate future cash flows, less estimated capital expenditures, to be generated by the property, undiscounted and without interest charges. In addition, this estimate may consider a probability weighted cash flow estimation approach when alternative courses of action to recover the carrying amount of a long-lived asset are under consideration or when a range of possible values is estimated.
The determination of undiscounted cash flows requires significant estimates by management, including the expected course of action at the balance sheet date that would lead to such cash flows. Subsequent changes in estimated undiscounted cash flows arising from changes in the anticipated action to be taken with respect to the property could impact the determination of whether an impairment exists and whether the effects could materially affect the Trust’s net income. To the extent estimated undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying value of the property, the loss will be measured as the excess of the carrying amount of the property over the estimated fair value of the property.
Assessment of the Trust’s ability to recover certain lease related costs must be made when it has a reason to believe that the tenant might not be able to perform under the terms of the lease as originally expected. This requires us to make estimates as to the recoverability of such costs. There is no impairment of long-lived assets during the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
Revenue Recognition
The Railroad Lease (“P&WV Lease”) is treated as a direct financing lease. As such, income to P&WV under the Railroad Lease is recognized when received.
Lease revenue from solar land and CEA properties are accounted for as operating leases. Any such leases with rent escalation provisions are recorded on a straight-line basis when the amount of escalation in lease payments is known at the time Power REIT enters into the lease agreement, or known at the time Power REIT assumes an existing lease agreement as part of an acquisition (e.g., an annual fixed percentage escalation) over the initial lease term, subject to a collectability assessment, with the difference between the contractual rent receipts and the straight-line amounts recorded as “deferred rent receivable” or “deferred rent liability”. Collectability is assessed at quarter-end for each tenant receivable using various criteria including past collection issues, the current economic and business environment affecting the tenant and guarantees. If collectability of the contractual rent stream is not deemed probable, revenue will only be recognized upon receipt of cash from the tenant. During the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Trust wrote off a net amount of approximately $315,000 (which resulted in negative rental income for the three months ended June 30, 2023) and $302,000, respectively, in straight-line rent receivable against rental income based on its current assessment of collecting all remaining contractual rent on the greenhouse property leases. These tenants rent payments will be recorded as rental revenue on a cash basis. Expenses for which tenants are contractually obligated to pay, such as maintenance, property taxes and insurance expenses are not reflected in the Trust’s consolidated financial statements unless paid by the Trust.
Lease revenue from land that is subject to an operating lease without rent escalation provisions is recorded on a straight-line basis.
Intangibles
A portion of the acquisition price of the assets acquired by PW Tulare Solar, LLC (“PWTS”) have been allocated on the Trust’s consolidated balance sheets between Land and Intangibles fair values at the date of acquisition. The total amount of in-place lease intangible assets established was approximately $237,000, which was being amortized over a 24.6-year period prior to its sale during the first quarter of 2023. For each of the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, approximately $0 and $4,800 of the intangibles were amortized.
A portion of the acquisition price of the assets acquired by PW Regulus Solar, LLC (“PWRS”) have been allocated on The Trust’s consolidated balance sheets between Land and Intangibles’ fair values at the date of acquisition. The total amount of in-place lease intangible assets established was approximately $4,714,000, which is amortized over a 20.7-year period. For each of the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, approximately $113,700 of the intangibles was amortized.
A portion of the acquisition price of the assets acquired by PW CA Canndescent, LLC (“PW Canndescent”) have been allocated on the Trust’s consolidated balance sheets between Land, Improvements and Intangibles, fair values at the date of acquisition. The amount of in-place lease intangible assets established was approximately $808,000, which was to be amortized over a 4.5-year period. For the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, approximately $0 and $89,800 of amortization expense was recognized. A below-market lease intangible liability was recorded upon acquisition in the amount of approximately $179,000 and was to be amortized over a 4.5-year period. Addition to revenue for the amortization of the liability in the amount of approximately $0 and $19,900 was recognized for the six months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively. The lease intangibles for PW Canndescent were fully impaired during the last quarter of 2022 based upon tenant default.
Intangible assets are evaluated whenever events or circumstances indicate the carrying value of these assets may not be recoverable. There were no impairment charges recorded for the six months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022.
The following table provides a summary of the Intangible Assets and Liabilities:
The following table provides a summary of the current estimate of future amortization of Intangible Assets for the subsequent years ending December 31:
Net Investment in Direct Financing Lease – Railroad
P&WV’s net investment in its leased railroad property, recognizing the lessee’s perpetual renewal options, was estimated to have a current value of $9,150,000, assuming an implicit interest rate of 10%.
Fair Value
Fair value represents the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The Trust measures its financial assets and liabilities in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value.
In determining fair value, the Trust utilizes valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible as well as considering counterparty credit risk.
The carrying amounts of Power REIT’s financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, prepaid expenses, and accounts payable approximate fair value because of their relatively short-term maturities. The carrying value of long-term debt approximates fair value since the related rates of interest approximate current market rates. There are no financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
Other Income
Other income for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 is $140,823 and $19, respectively which consists of interest income and forgiveness of accounts payable.
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