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Intangible Assets
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2014
Intangible Assets [Abstract]  
Intangible Assets
14. Intangible Assets
 
Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization, consisted of the following:
 
  
December 31, 2014
  
December 31, 2013
 
  
Gross
Cost
  
Accumulated
Amortization
  
Net Carrying
Amount
  
Gross
Cost
  
Accumulated
Amortization
  
Net Carrying
Amount
 
Customer relationships
 
$
294
  
$
(79
)
 
$
215
  
$
294
  
$
(59
)
 
$
235
 
TiO2 technology
  
32
   
(6
)
  
26
   
32
   
(5
)
  
27
 
Internal-use software
  
39
   
(10
)
  
29
   
40
   
(6
)
  
34
 
Other
  
9
   
(7
)
  
2
   
9
   
(5
)
  
4
 
Total
 
$
374
  
$
(102
)
 
$
272
  
$
375
  
$
(75
)
 
$
300
 
 
Amortization expense related to intangible assets during 2014, 2013, and 2012 was $27 million, $27 million, and $25 million, respectively, which was recorded in “Selling, general and administrative expenses” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Estimated future amortization expense related to intangible assets is $27 million for 2015, $25 million for 2016, $25 million for 2017, $25 million for 2018, $25 million for 2019, and $145 million thereafter.