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Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2013
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Nature of Operations – FS Bancorp, Inc. (the “Company”) was incorporated in September 2011 as the holding company for 1st Security Bank of Washington (the “Bank”) in connection with the Bank's conversion from the mutual to stock form of ownership which was completed on July 9, 2012. The Bank is a community-based stock owned savings bank with seven branches in suburban communities in the greater Puget Sound area. The Bank provides loan and deposit services to customers who are predominantly small and middle-market businesses and individuals.

Financial Statement Presentation – Amounts presented in the financial statements and footnote tables are rounded and presented in thousands of dollars. In the narrative footnote discussion amounts are rounded and presented in millions of dollars to one decimal point if the amounts are above $1.0 million.  Amounts below $1.0 million are rounded and presented in to the nearest thousandths. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the 2013 presentation with no change to net income or equity previously reported.

Conversion and change in corporate form – On July 9, 2012, in accordance with a Plan of Conversion (the "Plan") adopted by its Board of Directors and as approved by its depositors and borrower members, 1st Security Bank of Washington (i) converted from a mutual savings bank to a stock savings bank, and (ii) became the wholly-owned subsidiary of FS Bancorp, Inc., a bank holding company registered with the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System ("FRB"). In connection with the conversion, the Company issued an aggregate of 3,240,125 shares of common stock at an offering price of $10.00 per share for gross proceeds of $32.4 million. From the proceeds, the Company made a capital contribution of $15.5 million to the Bank. The Bank intends to use this additional capital for future lending and investment activities and for general and other corporate purposes subject to regulatory limitations. The cost of conversion and the issuance of capital stock was approximately $2.5 million, which was deducted from the proceeds of the offering.

Pursuant to the Plan, the Company's Board of Directors adopted an employee stock ownership plan ("ESOP") which purchased 8% of the common stock in the open market or 259,210 shares. As provided for in the Plan, the Company also established a liquidation account in the amount of retained earnings as of December 31, 2011. The liquidation account will be maintained for the benefits of eligible savings account holders as of June 30, 2007 and supplemental eligible account holders as of March 31, 2012 who maintain deposit accounts at the Bank after the conversion. The conversion was accounted for as a change in corporate form with the historic basis of the Company’s assets, liabilities, and equity unchanged as a result.

Use of Estimates – The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported in the financial statements. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to change in the near term are allowances for loan losses, fair value of other real estate owned (“OREO”), and the estimated realizability related to the deferred tax asset.
 
Principles of consolidation – The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of FS Bancorp and its wholly owned subsidiary, 1st Security Bank of Washington. All material intercompany accounts have been eliminated in consolidation.

Segment Reporting – The Company’s major line of business is community banking.  Management has determined that the Company operates as a single operating segment based on accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”).  

Subsequent Events – The Company has evaluated events and transactions subsequent to December 31, 2013 for potential recognition or disclosure.


NOTE 1 - BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Cash and Cash Equivalents – Cash and cash equivalents include cash and due from banks, and interest bearing balances due from other banks and the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco. Cash and cash equivalents have a maturity of 90 days or less at the time of purchase. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company had cash deposits at other financial institutions in excess of Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") insured limits. However, as the Company places these deposits with major financial institutions and monitors the financial condition of these institutions, management believes the risk of loss to be minimal.

Deposits in Other Financial Institutions – The Company held interest-bearing deposits at other financial institutions with a cost basis of $39.7 million and $5.4 million as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Certificates of deposits in the amount of $2.6 million, with original maturity dates greater than 90 days were excluded from cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2013 and 2012.

Securities Available-for-Sale – Securities available-for-sale consist of debt securities that the Company has the intent and ability to hold for an indefinite period, but not necessarily to maturity. Such securities may be sold to implement the Company’s asset/liability management strategies and in response to changes in interest rates and similar factors. Securities available-for-sale are reported at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses, net of the related deferred tax effect, are reported as a net amount in a separate component of equity entitled accumulated other comprehensive income. Unrealized losses that are deemed to be other than temporary are reflected in results of operations. Any declines in the values of these securities that are considered to be other-than-temporary-impairment (“OTTI”) and credit-related are recognized in earnings. Noncredit-related OTTI on securities not expected to be sold is recognized in other comprehensive income. The review for OTTI is conducted on an ongoing basis and takes into account the severity and duration of the impairment, recent events specific to the issuer or industry, fair value in relationship to cost, extent and nature of change in fair value, creditworthiness of the issuer including external credit ratings and recent downgrades, trends and volatility of earnings, current analysts’ evaluations, and other key measures. In addition, the Company does not intend to sell the securities and it is more likely than not that we will not be required to sell the securities before recovery of their amortized cost basis. In doing this, we take into account our balance sheet management strategy and consideration of current and future market conditions. Realized gains and losses on securities available-for-sale, determined using the specific identification method, are included in results of operations. Amortization of premium and accretion of discounts are recognized in interest income over the period to maturity.
 
Federal Home Loan Bank Stock – The Bank, as a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Seattle (“FHLB”) system, is required to maintain an investment in capital stock of the FHLB in an amount equal to the greater of 0.5% of its outstanding home loans or 4.5% of advances from the FHLB. The Bank’s investment in FHLB stock is carried at par value ($100 per share), which reasonably approximates its fair value. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, $733,000 and $741,000, respectively, of FHLB stock was pledged as collateral for FHLB advances.
 
The Bank’s investment in FHLB stock is carried at par value because the shares can only be redeemed with the FHLB at par. The Bank is required to maintain a minimum level of investment in FHLB stock based on specific percentages of its outstanding mortgages and FHLB advances. Stock redemptions are at the discretion of the FHLB upon five years’ prior notice for FHLB Class B stock or six months notice for FHLB Class A stock to the FHLB. FHLB stock is carried at cost and is subject to recoverability testing annually.
 
Loans Held for Sale – Mortgage loans originated for sale in the foreseeable future in the secondary market are carried at fair value. All sales are made individually without recourse after a 90-day buyback clause for late payments. Net unrealized gains and losses are recognized through a valuation allowance established by charges to income.

The Company issues various representations and warranties associated with the sale of loans. The Company is responsible for any losses taken on loans that did not comply with the representations and warranties made at the time

NOTE 1 - BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

of sale. The Company has not experienced any significant losses during the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 regarding these representations and warranties.

Derivatives – The Company regularly enters into commitments to originate and sell loans held for sale. Such commitments are considered derivative instruments. The Company recognizes all derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet and measures those instruments at fair value. Changes in fair value are reported in current period income.

The Company has established a hedging strategy to protect itself against the risk of loss associated with interest rate movements on loan commitments. The Company enters into contracts to sell forward To-Be-Announced (TBA) mortgage backed securities - these contracts are considered derivative instruments. These instruments are measured at fair value and are recognized as either an asset or liability on the consolidated balance sheet. Changes in fair value are reported in current period income.
 
Loans Receivable, Net – Loans receivable, net, are stated at the amount of unpaid principal reduced by an allowance for loan losses and net deferred fees or costs. Interest on loans is calculated using the simple interest method based on the daily balance of the principal amount outstanding and is credited to income as earned. Loan fees, net of direct origination costs, are deferred and amortized over the life of the loan using the effective yield method.

Interest on loans is accrued daily based on the principal amount outstanding. Generally, the accrual of interest on loans is discontinued when, in management’s opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payments as they become due or when they are past due 90 days as to either principal or interest (based on contractual terms), unless they are well secured and in the process of collection. All interest accrued but not collected for loans that are placed on non-accrual status or charged off are reversed against interest income. Subsequent collections on a cash basis are applied proportionately to past due principal and interest, unless collectability of principal is in doubt, in which case all payments are applied to principal. Loans are returned to accrual status when the loan is deemed current, and the collectability of
principal and interest is no longer doubtful, or, generally, when the loan is less than 90 days delinquent, and performing according to contractual terms after a period of six months performance.

The Company charges fees for originating loans. These fees, net of certain loan origination costs, are deferred and amortized to income, on the level-yield basis, over the loan term. If the loan is repaid prior to maturity, the remaining unamortized net deferred loan origination fee is recognized in income at the time of repayment.
 
Impaired Loans – A loan is considered impaired when it is probable the Company will be unable to collect all contractual principal and interest payments due in accordance with the original or modified terms of the loan agreement. Impaired loans are measured based on the estimated fair value of the collateral less estimated cost to sell if the loan is considered collateral dependent. Impaired loans not considered to be collateral dependent are measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows.
 
The categories of non-accrual loans and impaired loans overlap, although they are not coextensive. The Company considers all circumstances regarding the loan and borrower on an individual basis when determining whether an impaired loan should be placed on non-accrual status, such as the financial strength of the borrower, the collateral value, reasons for delay, payment record, the amount of past due and the number of days past due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls are generally not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the
circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record, and the amount of shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed.
 
NOTE 1 - BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Allowance for Loan Losses – The allowance for loan losses is maintained at a level considered adequate to provide for probable losses on existing loans based on evaluating known and inherent risks in the loan portfolio. The allowance is reduced by loans charged-off and increased by provisions charged to earnings and recoveries on loans previously charged-off. The allowance is based on management’s periodic, systematic evaluation of factors underlying the quality
of the loan portfolio including changes in the size and composition of the loan portfolio, the estimated value of any underlying collateral, actual loan loss experience, current economic conditions, and detailed analysis of individual loans for which full collectability may not be assured. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available. While management uses the best information available to make its estimates, future adjustments to the allowance may be necessary if there is a significant change in economic and other conditions. The appropriateness of the allowance for loan losses is estimated based on these factors and trends identified by management at the time the financial statements are prepared.
 
When available information confirms that specific loans or portions thereof are uncollectible, these amounts are charged-off against the allowance for loan losses. The existence of some or all of the following criteria will generally confirm that a loss has been incurred: the loan is significantly delinquent and the borrower has not evidenced the ability or intent to bring the loan current; the Company has no recourse to the borrower, or if it does, the borrower has insufficient assets to pay the debt; the estimated fair value of the loan collateral is significantly below the current loan balance, and there is little or no near-term prospect for improvement.
 
A provision of loan losses is charged against income and added to the allowance for loan losses based on regular assessment of the loan portfolio. The allowance for loan losses is allocated to certain loan categories based on the relative risk characteristics, asset classifications, and actual loss experience within the loan portfolio. Although management has allocated the allowance for loan losses to various loan portfolio segments, the allowance is general in nature and is available for the loan portfolio in its entirety.

The ultimate recovery of all loans is susceptible to future market factors beyond the Company’s control. These factors may result in losses or recoveries differing significantly from those provided for in the financial statements. In addition, regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review the Company’s allowance for loan losses, and may require the Company to make additions to the allowance based on their judgment about information available to them at the time of their examinations.
 
Reserve for Unfunded Loan Commitments – The reserve for unfunded loan commitments is maintained at a level believed by management to be sufficient to absorb estimated probable losses related to these unfunded credit facilities. The determination of the adequacy of the reserve is based on periodic evaluations of the unfunded credit facilities including an assessment of the probability of commitment usage, credit risk factors for loans outstanding to these same customers, and the terms and expiration dates of the unfunded credit facilities. The reserve for unfunded loan commitments is included in other liabilities on the balance sheet, with changes to the balance charged against noninterest expense.

Premises and Equipment, Net – Land is carried at cost. Premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The estimated useful lives used to compute depreciation include building and building improvements from 20 to 50 years and furniture, fixtures, and equipment from 3 to 10 years. Leasehold and tenant improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the lesser of useful life or the life of the related lease. Depreciation and amortization expense for these assets totaled $914,000 and $833,000 for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Gains or losses on dispositions are reflected in results of operations.
 


NOTE 1 - BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Small Business Administration Loan Sales – The Company, on a limited basis, sells or transfers loans, including the guaranteed portion of Small Business Administration (“SBA”) loans (with servicing retained) for cash proceeds equal to the principal amount of loans, as adjusted to yield interest to the investor based upon the current market rates. A premium over the adjusted carrying value is received upon the sale of the guaranteed portion of an SBA loan. The Company’s investment in an SBA loan is allocated among the sold and retained portions of the loan based on the relative fair value of each portion at the time of loan origination, adjusted for payments and other activities. Because the portion retained does not carry an SBA guarantee, part of the gain recognized on the sold portion of the loan may be deferred and amortized as a yield enhancement on the retained portion in order to obtain a market equivalent yield.
 
Other Real Estate Owned – Other real estate owned ("OREO") consists of properties or assets acquired through or in lieu of foreclosure, and are recorded initially at fair value less selling costs. Costs relating to development and improvement of the properties or assets are capitalized while costs relating to holding the properties or assets are expensed. Valuations are periodically performed by management, and a charge to earnings is recorded if the recorded value of a property exceeds its estimated net realizable value.
 
Transfers of Financial Assets – Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales when control over the assets has been surrendered. Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when (1) the assets have been isolated from the Company; (2) the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets; and (3) the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets.

Servicing Rights – Servicing assets are recognized as separate assets when rights are acquired through purchase or through sale of financial assets. Generally, purchased servicing rights are capitalized at the cost to acquire the rights. For sales of mortgage, commercial and consumer loans, a portion of the cost of originating the loan is allocated to the servicing right based on relative fair value. Fair value is based on market prices for comparable mortgage, commercial, or consumer servicing contracts, when available, or alternatively, is based on a valuation model that calculates the present value of estimated future net servicing income. The valuation model incorporates assumptions that market participants would use in estimating future net servicing income, such as the cost to service, the discount rate, the custodial earnings rate, an inflation rate, ancillary income, prepayment speeds, and default rates and losses. Servicing assets are evaluated for impairment based upon the fair value of the rights as compared to amortized cost. Impairment is determined by stratifying rights into tranches based on predominant characteristics, such as interest rate, loan type, and investor type. Impairment is recognized through a valuation allowance for an individual tranche, to the extent that fair value is less than the capitalized amount for the tranches. If the Company later determines that all or a portion of the impairment no longer exists for a particular tranche, a reduction of the allowance may be recorded as an increase to income. Capitalized servicing rights are reported in other assets and are amortized into noninterest income in proportion to, and over the period of, the estimated future net servicing income of the underlying financial assets. The servicing asset was $2.1 million and $1.1 million at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively.
 
Income Taxes – The Company files a consolidated federal income tax return. Deferred federal income taxes result from temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities, and their reported amounts in the financial statements. These will result in differences between income for tax purposes and income for financial reporting purposes in future years. As changes in tax laws or rates are enacted, deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted through the provision for income taxes. Valuation allowances are established to reduce the net recorded amount of deferred tax assets if it is determined to be more likely than not, that all or some portion of the potential deferred tax asset will not be realized.

As of December 31, 2013, the Company had net deferred tax assets of $816,000 and determined that no valuation allowance was required. As of December 31, 2012, the Company had net deferred tax assets of $1.9 million and determined that no valuation allowance was required.
NOTE 1 - BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)
 
The Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued guidance related to accounting for uncertainty in income taxes. The guidance prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. It is the Company’s policy to record any penalties or interest arising from federal or state taxes as a component of income tax expense.

Earnings Per Share – Basic earnings per share ("EPS") are computed by dividing income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per share reflect the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the issuance of common stock that then shared in the earnings of the entity. For purposes of computing basic and dilutive EPS, ESOP shares that have been committed to be released are outstanding and ESOP shares that have not been committed to be released shall not be considered outstanding.
 
Comprehensive Income (Loss) – Comprehensive income (loss) is comprised of net income and other comprehensive income (loss). Other comprehensive income (loss) includes items recorded directly to equity, such as unrealized gains and losses on securities available-for-sale.
 
Financial Instruments – In the ordinary course of business, the Company has entered into agreements for off-balance-sheet financial instruments consisting of commitments to extend credit and stand-by letters of credit. Such financial instruments are recorded in the financial statements when they are funded or related fees are incurred or received.

Restricted Assets – Federal Reserve regulations require that the Bank maintain reserves in the form of cash on hand and deposit balances with the FRB, based on a percentage of deposits. The amounts of such balances for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 were $1.6 million and $1.3 million, respectively, included in cash and cash equivalents on the balance sheet. The Bank pledged two securities held at the FHLB with a fair value of $1.2 million to secure Washington State public deposits of $250,000 at December 31, 2013.
 
Marketing and Advertising Costs – The Company records marketing and advertising costs as expenses as they are incurred. Total marketing and advertising expense was $474,000 and $280,000 for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively.

Employee Stock Ownership Plan ("ESOP") – Compensation expense recognized for the Company's ESOP equals the fair value of shares that have been allocated or committed to be released for allocation to participants. Any difference between the fair value of the shares at the time and the ESOP's original acquisition cost is charged or credited to stockholders' equity (additional paid-in capital). The cost of ESOP shares that have not yet been allocated or committed to be released is deducted from stockholders' equity.
 
RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
 
In July 2013, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2013-11, Presentation of Unrecognized Tax Benefit When a Net Operating Loss Carryforward, a Similar Tax Loss, or a Tax Credit Carryforward Exists (Topic 740). ASU No. 2013-11 requires an entity to present an unrecognized tax benefit, or a portion of an unrecognized tax benefit, as a reduction to a deferred tax asset for a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward, except to the extent a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward is not available at the reporting date under the tax law of the applicable jurisdiction to settle any additional income taxes that would result from the disallowance of a tax position or the tax law of the applicable jurisdiction does not require the entity to use, and the entity does not intend to use, the deferred tax asset for such purpose, the unrecognized tax benefit should be presented in the financial statements as a liability and should not be combined with deferred tax assets. No new recurring disclosures are required. The amendments are
NOTE 1 - BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)
effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning on or after December 15, 2013 and are to be applied prospectively to all unrecognized tax benefits that exist at the effective date. Retrospective application is permitted. The adoption of ASU No. 2013-11 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In January 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014 - 04, Receivables - Trouble Debt Restructurings by Creditors (Subtopic 310-40) - Reclassification of Residential Real Estate Collateralized Consumer Mortgage Loans upon Foreclosure. These amendments are intended to clarify when a creditor should be considered to have received physical possession of residential real estate property collateralizing a consumer mortgage loan such that the loan should be derecognized and the real estate recognized. These amendments clarify that an in substance repossession or foreclosure occurs, and a creditor is considered to have received physical possession of residential real estate property collateralizing a consumer mortgage loan, upon either: (1) the creditor obtaining legal title to the residential real estate property upon completion of a foreclosure, or (2) the borrower conveying all interest in the residential real estate property to the creditor to satisfy that loan through completion of a deed in lieu of foreclosure or through a similar legal agreement. Additional disclosures are required. Effective for fiscal years, and interim reporting periods within those annual periods beginning after December 15, 2014. The adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.