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Investments (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Investments Schedule [Abstract]  
Available-for-sale Securities
 
December 31, 2018
(In millions)
Amortized Cost
 
Gross Unrealized Gains
 
Gross Unrealized Losses
 
Fair Value
 
OTTI
in AOCI
AFS securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government and agencies
$
57

 
$

 
$

 
$
57

 
$

U.S. state, municipal and political subdivisions
1,183

 
117

 
(7
)
 
1,293

 

Foreign governments
162

 
2

 
(3
)
 
161

 

Corporate
38,018

 
394

 
(1,315
)
 
37,097

 
1

CLO
5,658

 
2

 
(299
)
 
5,361

 

ABS
4,915

 
53

 
(48
)
 
4,920

 

CMBS
2,390

 
27

 
(60
)
 
2,357

 
7

RMBS
7,642

 
413

 
(36
)
 
8,019

 
11

Total AFS securities
60,025

 
1,008

 
(1,768
)
 
59,265

 
19

AFS securities – related party
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CLO
587

 

 
(25
)
 
562

 

ABS
875

 
4

 
(4
)
 
875

 

Total AFS securities – related party
1,462

 
4

 
(29
)
 
1,437

 

Total AFS securities including related party
$
61,487

 
$
1,012

 
$
(1,797
)
 
$
60,702

 
$
19


 
December 31, 2017
(In millions)
Amortized Cost
 
Gross Unrealized Gains
 
Gross Unrealized Losses
 
Fair Value
 
OTTI
in AOCI
AFS securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government and agencies
$
63

 
$
1

 
$
(2
)
 
$
62

 
$

U.S. state, municipal and political subdivisions
996

 
171

 
(2
)
 
1,165

 

Foreign governments
2,575

 
116

 
(8
)
 
2,683

 

Corporate
35,173

 
1,658

 
(171
)
 
36,660

 

CLO
5,039

 
53

 
(8
)
 
5,084

 

ABS
3,941

 
53

 
(27
)
 
3,967

 
1

CMBS
1,994

 
48

 
(21
)
 
2,021

 
1

RMBS
8,721

 
652

 
(7
)
 
9,366

 
11

Total AFS securities
58,502


2,752


(246
)

61,008


13

AFS securities – related party
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CLO
353

 
7

 

 
360

 

ABS
50

 

 

 
50

 

Total AFS securities – related party
403

 
7

 

 
410

 

Total AFS securities including related party
$
58,905

 
$
2,759

 
$
(246
)
 
$
61,418

 
$
13

Available-for-sale Securities by Contractual Maturity
The amortized cost and fair value of AFS securities, including related party, are shown by contractual maturity below:    
 
December 31, 2018
(In millions)
Amortized Cost
 
Fair Value
Due in one year or less
$
1,097

 
$
1,095

Due after one year through five years
8,257

 
8,234

Due after five years through ten years
10,853

 
10,548

Due after ten years
19,213

 
18,731

CLO, ABS, CMBS and RMBS
20,605

 
20,657

Total AFS securities
60,025

 
59,265

AFS securities – related party, CLO and ABS
1,462

 
1,437

Total AFS securities including related party
$
61,487

 
$
60,702

Fair Values and Unrealized Losses on Available-for-sale Securities
The following summarizes the fair value and gross unrealized losses for AFS securities, including related party, aggregated by class of security and length of time the fair value has remained below amortized cost:
 
December 31, 2018
 
Less than 12 months
 
12 months or more
 
Total
(In millions)
Fair Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
AFS securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government and agencies
$
32

 
$

 
$
2

 
$

 
$
34

 
$

U.S. state, municipal and political subdivisions
139

 
(2
)
 
82

 
(5
)
 
221

 
(7
)
Foreign governments
97

 
(2
)
 
15

 
(1
)
 
112

 
(3
)
Corporate
20,213

 
(942
)
 
4,118

 
(373
)
 
24,331

 
(1,315
)
CLO
5,054

 
(297
)
 
90

 
(2
)
 
5,144

 
(299
)
ABS
1,336

 
(23
)
 
506

 
(25
)
 
1,842

 
(48
)
CMBS
932

 
(27
)
 
497

 
(33
)
 
1,429

 
(60
)
RMBS
1,417

 
(31
)
 
140

 
(5
)
 
1,557

 
(36
)
Total AFS securities
29,220

 
(1,324
)
 
5,450

 
(444
)
 
34,670

 
(1,768
)
AFS securities – related party
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CLO
534

 
(25
)
 

 

 
534

 
(25
)
ABS
306

 
(2
)
 
116

 
(2
)
 
422

 
(4
)
Total AFS securities – related party
840

 
(27
)
 
116

 
(2
)
 
956

 
(29
)
Total AFS securities including related party
$
30,060

 
$
(1,351
)
 
$
5,566

 
$
(446
)
 
$
35,626

 
$
(1,797
)

 
December 31, 2017
 
Less than 12 months
 
12 months or more
 
Total
(In millions)
Fair Value
 
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair Value
 
Gross Unrealized Losses
 
Fair Value
 
Gross Unrealized Losses
AFS securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government and agencies
$
34

 
$
(1
)
 
$
9

 
$
(1
)
 
$
43

 
$
(2
)
U.S. state, municipal and political subdivisions
50

 
(1
)
 
39

 
(1
)
 
89

 
(2
)
Foreign governments
435

 
(6
)
 
76

 
(2
)
 
511

 
(8
)
Corporate
3,992

 
(49
)
 
2,457

 
(122
)
 
6,449

 
(171
)
CLO
414

 
(2
)
 
340

 
(6
)
 
754

 
(8
)
ABS
515

 
(5
)
 
549

 
(22
)
 
1,064

 
(27
)
CMBS
460

 
(8
)
 
179

 
(13
)
 
639

 
(21
)
RMBS
506

 
(3
)
 
210

 
(4
)
 
716

 
(7
)
Total AFS securities
6,406

 
(75
)
 
3,859

 
(171
)
 
10,265

 
(246
)
AFS securities – related party
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CLO
29

 

 

 

 
29

 

ABS
42

 

 

 

 
42

 

Total AFS securities – related party
71

 

 

 

 
71

 

Total AFS securities including related party
$
6,477

 
$
(75
)
 
$
3,859

 
$
(171
)
 
$
10,336

 
$
(246
)
Other-than-temporary Impairments on Available-for-sale Securities
The following table represents a rollforward of the cumulative amounts recognized on the consolidated statements of income for OTTI related to pre-tax credit loss impairments on AFS securities, for which a portion of the securities’ total OTTI was recognized in AOCI:
 
Years ended December 31,
(In millions)
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Beginning balance
$
14

 
$
16

 
$
22

Initial impairments – credit loss OTTI recognized on securities not previously impaired
3

 
17

 
8

Additional impairments – credit loss OTTI recognized on securities previously impaired
2

 

 
3

Reduction in impairments from securities sold, matured or repaid
(9
)
 
(13
)
 
(9
)
Reduction for credit loss that no longer has a portion of the OTTI loss recognized in AOCI

 
(6
)
 
(8
)
Ending balance
$
10

 
$
14

 
$
16

Net Investment Income
Net investment income by asset class consists of the following:
 
Years ended December 31,
(In millions)
2018
 
2017
 
2016
AFS securities
$
2,855

 
$
2,579

 
$
2,293

Trading securities
200

 
200

 
236

Equity securities
12

 
14

 
11

Mortgage loans
457

 
371

 
355

Investment funds
231

 
211

 
178

Funds withheld at interest
492

 
148

 
82

Other
112

 
78

 
62

Investment revenue
4,359

 
3,601

 
3,217

Investment expenses
(355
)
 
(332
)
 
(303
)
Net investment income
$
4,004

 
$
3,269

 
$
2,914

Investment Related Gains (Losses)
Investment related gains (losses) by asset class consists of the following:
 
Years ended December 31,
(In millions)
2018
 
2017
 
2016
AFS securities
 
 
 
 
 
Gross realized gains on investment activity
$
165

 
$
169

 
$
138

Gross realized losses on investment activity
(151
)
 
(72
)
 
(54
)
Net realized investment gains on AFS securities
14

 
97

 
84

Net recognized investment gains (losses) on trading securities
(255
)
 
29

 
(50
)
Net recognized investment gains (losses) on equity securities
(19
)
 
88

 
18

Derivative gains (losses)
(1,099
)
 
2,377

 
596

Other gains (losses)
35

 
(19
)
 
4

Investment related gains (losses)
$
(1,324
)
 
$
2,572

 
$
652

Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Investments
The following table summarizes the change in unrealized gains (losses) on trading and equity securities, including related party and consolidated VIEs, we still held as of the respective period end:
 
Years ended December 31,
(In millions)
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Trading securities
(143
)
 
107

 
19

Trading securities – related party
(25
)
 
(3
)
 
(10
)
VIE trading securities – related party

 
4

 

Equity securities
(18
)
 
32

 
19

VIE equity securities – related party
24

 
25

 
(78
)
Purchased Credit Impaired (PCI) Investments
 
Years ended December 31,
(In millions)
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Trading securities
(143
)
 
107

 
19

Trading securities – related party
(25
)
 
(3
)
 
(10
)
VIE trading securities – related party

 
4

 

Equity securities
(18
)
 
32

 
19

VIE equity securities – related party
24

 
25

 
(78
)


Purchased Credit Impaired (PCI) Investments—The following table summarizes our PCI investments:
 
December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities
 
Mortgage loans
Contractually required payments receivable
$
8,179

 
$
9,690

 
$
2,675

 
$
1,140

Less: Cash flows expected to be collected1
(7,195
)
 
(8,188
)
 
(2,628
)
 
(1,090
)
Non-accretable difference
$
984

 
$
1,502

 
$
47

 
$
50

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash flows expected to be collected1
$
7,195

 
$
8,188

 
$
2,628

 
$
1,090

Less: Amortized cost
(5,518
)
 
(6,168
)
 
(1,931
)
 
(817
)
Accretable difference
$
1,677

 
$
2,020

 
$
697

 
$
273

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair value
$
5,828

 
$
6,703

 
$
1,933

 
$
844

Outstanding balance
6,773

 
8,026

 
2,210

 
946

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1 Represents the undiscounted principal and interest cash flows expected.

During the respective years ended December 31, we acquired PCI investments with the following amounts at the time of purchase:
 
Fixed maturity securities
 
Mortgage loans
(In millions)
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Contractually required payments receivable
$
623

 
$
2,161

 
$
1,625

 
$
894

Cash flows expected to be collected
562

 
1,790

 
1,601

 
857

Fair value
454

 
1,428

 
1,178

 
633


The following table summarizes the activity for the accretable yield on PCI investments:
 
Fixed maturity securities
 
Mortgage loans
(In millions)
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Beginning balance at January 1
$
2,020

 
$
2,080

 
$
273

 
$
70

Purchases of PCI investments, net of sales
65

 
264

 
407

 
216

Accretion
(405
)
 
(400
)
 
(48
)
 
(24
)
Net reclassification from (to) non-accretable difference
(3
)
 
76

 
65

 
11

Ending balance at December 31
$
1,677

 
$
2,020

 
$
697

 
$
273

Mortgage Loans, Net
Mortgage loans, net of allowances, consists of the following:
 
December 31,
(In millions)
2018
 
2017
Commercial mortgage loans
$
7,217

 
$
5,223

Commercial mortgage loans under development
80

 
24

Total commercial mortgage loans
7,297

 
5,247

Residential mortgage loans
3,334

 
986

Mortgage loans, net of allowances
$
10,631

 
$
6,233

The distribution of commercial mortgage loans, including those under development, net of valuation allowances, by property type and geographic region, is as follows:
 
December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
(In millions, except for percentages)
Net Carrying Value
 
Percentage of Total
 
Net Carrying Value
 
Percentage of Total
Property type
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Office building
$
2,221

 
30.5
%
 
$
1,187

 
22.6
%
Retail
1,660

 
22.7
%
 
1,223

 
23.3
%
Hotels
1,040

 
14.3
%
 
928

 
17.7
%
Industrial
1,196

 
16.4
%
 
944

 
18.0
%
Apartment
791

 
10.8
%
 
525

 
10.0
%
Other commercial
389

 
5.3
%
 
440

 
8.4
%
Total commercial mortgage loans
$
7,297

 
100.0
%
 
$
5,247

 
100.0
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Region
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
East North Central
$
855

 
11.7
%
 
$
643

 
12.3
%
East South Central
295

 
4.0
%
 
144

 
2.7
%
Middle Atlantic
1,131

 
15.5
%
 
909

 
17.3
%
Mountain
616

 
8.4
%
 
492

 
9.4
%
New England
374

 
5.1
%
 
162

 
3.1
%
Pacific
1,540

 
21.1
%
 
991

 
18.9
%
South Atlantic
1,468

 
20.2
%
 
873

 
16.6
%
West North Central
173

 
2.4
%
 
233

 
4.4
%
West South Central
845

 
11.6
%
 
655

 
12.5
%
Total U.S. Region
7,297

 
100.0
%
 
5,102

 
97.2
%
International Region

 
%
 
145

 
2.8
%
Total commercial mortgage loans
$
7,297

 
100.0
%
 
$
5,247

 
100.0
%
Credit Quality Indicators of the Commercial Mortgage Portfolio
The following represents the loan-to-value ratio of the commercial mortgage loan portfolio, excluding those under development, net of valuation allowances:    
 
December 31,
(In millions)
2018
 
2017
Less than 50%
$
1,883

 
$
1,798

50% to 60%
1,988

 
1,390

61% to 70%
2,394

 
1,691

71% to 80%
898

 
282

81% to 100%
54

 
62

Commercial mortgage loans
$
7,217

 
$
5,223

The following represents the debt service coverage ratio of the commercial mortgage loan portfolio, excluding those under development, net of valuation allowances:    
 
December 31,
(In millions)
2018
 
2017
Greater than 1.20x
$
6,576

 
$
4,742

1.00x – 1.20x
474

 
297

Less than 1.00x
167

 
184

Commercial mortgage loans
$
7,217

 
$
5,223

Summary of Investment Funds
The following table presents the carrying value by ownership percentage of equity method investment funds, including related party investment funds and investment funds owned by consolidated VIEs:
 
December 31,
(In millions)
2018
 
2017
Ownership Percentage
 
 
 
100%
$
17

 
$
35

50% – 99%
1,044

 
520

3% – 49%
1,617

 
1,301

Equity method investment funds
$
2,678

 
$
1,856

The following table presents the carrying value by ownership percentage of investment funds where we elected the fair value option, including related party investment funds and investment funds owned by consolidated VIEs:
 
December 31,
(In millions)
2018
 
2017
Ownership Percentage
 
 
 
3% – 49%
$
687

 
$
590

Less than 3%
194

 
134

Fair value option investment funds
$
881

 
$
724

The following is the aggregated summarized financial information of equity method investees, including those for which we elected the fair value option and would otherwise be accounted for as an equity method investment, and may be presented on a lag due to the availability of financial information from the investee:
 
December 31,
(In millions)
2018
 
2017
Assets
$
40,630

 
$
22,777

Liabilities
24,241

 
7,518

Equity
16,389

 
15,259


 
Years ended December 31,
(In millions)
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Net income
$
1,159

 
$
1,587

 
$
1,415

The following summarizes our investment funds, including related party and those owned by consolidated VIEs:
 
December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
(In millions, except for percentages and years)
Carrying value
 
Percent of total
 
Carrying value
 
Percent of total
Investment funds
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Private equity
$
253

 
36.0
%
 
$
271

 
38.8
%
Real estate and other real assets
231

 
32.8
%
 
161

 
23.0
%
Natural resources
4

 
0.6
%
 
4

 
0.6
%
Hedge funds
43

 
6.1
%
 
61

 
8.7
%
Credit funds
172

 
24.5
%
 
202

 
28.9
%
Total investment funds
703

 
100.0
%
 
699

 
100.0
%
Investment funds – related parties
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Public equities
63

 
2.8
%
 

 
%
Private equity – A-A Mortgage1
463

 
20.7
%
 
403

 
30.8
%
Private equity – other
554

 
24.8
%
 
180

 
13.7
%
Real estate and other real assets
651

 
29.2
%
 
297

 
22.7
%
Natural resources
104

 
4.7
%
 
74

 
5.6
%
Hedge funds
98

 
4.4
%
 
93

 
7.1
%
Credit funds
299

 
13.4
%
 
263

 
20.1
%
Total investment funds – related parties
2,232

 
100.0
%
 
1,310

 
100.0
%
Investment funds owned by consolidated VIEs
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Private equity – MidCap2
552

 
88.4
%
 
528

 
92.5
%
Credit funds
1

 
0.2
%
 
21

 
3.7
%
Real estate and other real assets
71

 
11.4
%
 
22

 
3.8
%
Total investment funds owned by consolidated VIEs
624

 
100.0
%
 
571

 
100.0
%
Total investment funds including related parties and funds owned by consolidated VIEs
$
3,559

 
 
 
$
2,580

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1 A-A Mortgage Opportunities, L.P. (A-A Mortgage) is a platform to originate residential mortgage loans and mortgage servicing rights. See further discussion on A-A Mortgage in Note 17 – Related Parties.
2 MidCap FinCo Limited (MidCap) is a commercial finance company investment held by our consolidated VIE. See further discussion on MidCap in Note 17 – Related Parties.
Schedule of Variable Interest Entities
The following summarizes the carrying value and maximum loss exposure of these non-consolidated investments:
 
December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
(In millions)
Carrying Value
 
Maximum Loss Exposure
 
Carrying Value
 
Maximum Loss Exposure
Investment funds
$
703

 
$
1,329

 
$
699

 
$
1,111

Investment in related parties – investment funds
2,232

 
4,331

 
1,310

 
2,785

Assets of consolidated VIEs – investment funds
624

 
727

 
571

 
594

Investment in fixed maturity securities
21,188

 
21,139

 
21,018

 
20,274

Investment in related parties – fixed maturity securities
1,686

 
1,788

 
717

 
796

Investment in related parties – equity securities
120

 
120

 

 

Total non-consolidated investments
$
26,553

 
$
29,434

 
$
24,315

 
$
25,560