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Segment and Geographic Information
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Segment and Geographic Information

NOTE 18: SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

Our reporting structure includes two reportable segments: Hotel and Non-Hotel. Our Non-Hotel segment consists of the aggregation of three operating segments: Experiences, Restaurants and Rentals.  The nature of the services provided are summarized in “Note 4: Revenue Recognition”.

Our operating segments are determined based on how our chief operating decision maker manages our business, regularly assesses information and evaluates performance for operating decision-making purposes, including allocation of resources. The chief operating decision maker for the Company is our CEO.

Adjusted EBITDA is our segment profit measure and a key measure used by our management and board of directors to understand and evaluate the operating performance of our business and on which internal budgets and forecasts are based and approved. In particular, the exclusion of certain expenses in calculating Adjusted EBITDA can provide a useful measure for period-to-period comparisons of our core business. Accordingly, we believe that Adjusted EBITDA provides useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our operating results in the same manner as our management and board of directors. We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss) plus: (1) provision for income taxes; (2) other income (expense), net; (3) depreciation of property and equipment, including amortization of internal use software and website development; (4) amortization of intangible assets; (5) stock-based compensation and other stock-settled obligations; (6) goodwill, long-lived asset and intangible asset impairments; (7) legal reserves and settlements; and (8) non-recurring expenses and income. During the fourth quarter of 2018, the Company revised its Adjusted EBITDA definition to exclude legal reserves and settlements, as the Company believes these costs are not directly tied to the core operations of our business. The Company believes that excluding these amounts better enables management and investors to compare segment financial results between periods as these costs may vary independent of business performance. This revision to our Adjusted EBITDA definition did not have a material impact to our segment financial results for any period prior to the year ended December 31, 2018, therefore no reclassifications have been made to conform the prior periods to the current period presentation.

The following tables present our segment information for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, and includes a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to Net Income. We record depreciation of property and equipment, including amortization of internal-use software and website development, amortization of intangible assets, stock-based compensation and other stock-settled obligations, legal reserves and settlements, other income (expense), net, other non-recurring expenses and income, net, and income taxes, which are excluded from segment operating performance, in corporate and unallocated. In addition, we do not report our assets, capital expenditures and related depreciation expense by segment as our chief operating decision maker does not use this information to evaluate operating segments. Accordingly, we do not regularly provide such information by segment to our chief operating decision maker. Intersegment revenue is not material and, in addition, already eliminated in the information by segment provided to our chief operating decision maker. Our consolidated general and administrative expenses, excluding stock-based compensation costs, are shared by all operating segments. Each operating segment receives an allocated charge based on the segment’s percentage of the Company’s total personnel costs.

 

 

 

Year ended December 31, 2018

 

 

 

Hotel

 

 

Non-Hotel

 

 

Corporate and

unallocated

 

 

Total

 

 

 

(in millions)

 

Revenue

 

$

1,157

 

 

$

458

 

 

$

 

 

$

1,615

 

Adjusted EBITDA (1)

 

 

356

 

 

 

66

 

 

 

 

 

 

422

 

Depreciation

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(82

)

 

 

(82

)

Amortization of intangible assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(34

)

 

 

(34

)

Stock-based compensation

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(118

)

 

 

(118

)

Legal reserves and settlements

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(5

)

 

 

(5

)

Operating income

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

183

 

Other expense, net

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(10

)

Income before income taxes

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

173

 

Provision for income taxes

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(60

)

Net income

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

$

113

 

 

 

 

Year ended December 31, 2017

 

 

 

Hotel

 

 

Non-Hotel

 

 

Corporate and

unallocated

 

 

Total

 

 

 

(in millions)

 

Revenue

 

$

1,196

 

 

$

360

 

 

$

 

 

$

1,556

 

Adjusted EBITDA (1)

 

 

286

 

 

 

45

 

 

 

 

 

 

331

 

Depreciation

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(79

)

 

 

(79

)

Amortization of intangible assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(32

)

 

 

(32

)

Stock-based compensation

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(96

)

 

 

(96

)

Operating income

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

124

 

Other expense, net

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(14

)

Income before income taxes

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

110

 

Provision for income taxes (2)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(129

)

Net loss

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

$

(19

)

 

 

 

Year ended December 31, 2016

 

 

 

Hotel

 

 

Non-Hotel

 

 

Corporate and

unallocated

 

 

Total

 

 

 

(in millions)

 

Revenue

 

$

1,190

 

 

$

290

 

 

$

 

 

$

1,480

 

Adjusted EBITDA (1)

 

 

380

 

 

 

(28

)

 

 

 

 

 

352

 

Depreciation

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(69

)

 

 

(69

)

Amortization of intangible assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(32

)

 

 

(32

)

Stock-based compensation

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(85

)

 

 

(85

)

Operating income

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

166

 

Other expense, net

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(15

)

Income before income taxes

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

151

 

Provision for income taxes

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(31

)

Net income

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

$

120

 

 

(1)

Includes allocated general and administrative expenses in our Hotel segment of $77 million, $81 million and $80 million; and in our Non-Hotel segment of $50 million, $42 million and $38 million for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

(2)

The year ended December 31, 2017 reflects $67 million of Transition Tax and $6 million of tax expense recorded due to the remeasurement of net deferred tax assets related to the 2017 Tax Act enacted on December 22, 2017. Refer to “Note 11: Income Taxes” for further information.

Revenue and Geographic Information

Our revenue sources within our Hotel segment, which are TripAdvisor-branded click-based and transaction revenue, TripAdvisor-branded display-based advertising and subscription revenue; and other hotel revenue, which along with our Non-Hotel revenue source, comprise our products.

The following table presents revenue by source for the periods presented:

 

 

 

Year ended December 31,

 

 

 

2018

 

 

2017

 

 

2016

 

 

 

(in millions)

 

TripAdvisor-branded click-based and transaction

 

$

722

 

 

$

756

 

 

$

750

 

TripAdvisor-branded display-based advertising and

   subscription

 

 

308

 

 

 

292

 

 

 

282

 

Other hotel revenue

 

 

127

 

 

 

148

 

 

 

158

 

Non-hotel revenue

 

 

458

 

 

 

360

 

 

 

290

 

Total revenue

 

$

1,615

 

 

$

1,556

 

 

$

1,480

 

 

During the fourth quarter of 2018, the Company revised the basis in which it measures geographic revenue information to the physical location of the TripAdvisor subsidiary which generates the revenue, which is consistent with our measurement of long-lived physical assets, or property and equipment, net. This change had no effect on our consolidated financial statements.  The geographic classification is independent of where the consumer resides, where the consumer is physically located while using the Company's services, or the location of the travel service provider, experience operator or restaurant. For example, a reservation made through TripAdvisor.com at a hotel in the U.S. by a consumer in the U.S. could be part of the Company's non-U.S. revenue. All prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.  These reclassifications also had no effect on our consolidated financial statements.

 

 

 

Year ended December 31,

 

 

 

2018

 

 

2017

 

 

2016

 

 

 

(in millions)

 

Revenue

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

United States

 

$

835

 

 

$

802

 

 

$

718

 

United Kingdom

 

 

508

 

 

 

530

 

 

 

564

 

All other countries

 

 

272

 

 

 

224

 

 

 

198

 

Total revenue

 

$

1,615

 

 

$

1,556

 

 

$

1,480

 

The Company’s property and equipment, net for the United States and all other countries based on the geographic location of the assets for the periods presented:

 

 

 

December 31,

 

 

 

2018

 

 

2017

 

 

 

(in millions)

 

Property and equipment, net

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

United States

 

$

214

 

 

$

219

 

All other countries

 

 

39

 

 

 

44

 

Total

 

$

253

 

 

$

263