NOTE 17: SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

Segment Information

Our reporting structure includes two reportable segments: Hotel and Non-Hotel. In the first quarter of 2016, we renamed our “Other” reportable segment “Non-Hotel.” This change had no effect on our consolidated financial statements or to previously reported segment information, as there was no change in the composition of our operating or reportable segments.

Hotel

Our Hotel segment includes revenue generated from the following sources:

•

Click-Based advertising and transaction revenue. Our largest source of Hotel segment revenue is generated from click-based advertising on TripAdvisor-branded websites, which is primarily comprised of contextually-relevant booking links to our partners’ sites. Our click-based advertising partners are predominantly online travel agencies, or OTAs, and direct suppliers in the hotel product category. Click-based advertising is generally priced on a cost-per-click, or “CPC”, basis, with payments from advertisers determined by the number of users who click on a link multiplied by the price that partner is willing to pay for that click, or hotel shopper lead. CPC rates are determined in a dynamic, competitive auction process that enables our partners to use our proprietary, automated bidding system to submit CPC bids to have their hotel rates and availability listed on our site. Transaction revenue is generated from our instant booking feature, which enables the merchant of record, generally an OTA or hotel partner, to pay a commission to TripAdvisor for a user that completes a hotel reservation on our website.

•

Display-Based and subscription-based advertising revenue. Advertising partners can promote their brands in a contextually-relevant manner through a variety of display-based advertising placements on our websites. Our display-based advertising clients are predominately direct suppliers of hotels, airlines and cruises, as well as destination marketing organizations. We also accept display advertising from OTAs and attractions, as well as advertisers from non-travel categories. Display-based advertising is sold predominantly on a cost per thousand impressions, or CPM, basis. Subscription-based advertising is offered to hotels, B&Bs and other specialty lodging properties. This advertising product is sold for a flat fee and enables subscribers to list, for a contracted period of time, a website URL, email address and phone number on our TripAdvisor-branded websites, as well as to post special offers for travelers.

•

Other hotel revenue. Our other hotel revenue primarily includes revenue from non-TripAdvisor branded websites, such as smartertravel.com, independenttraveler.com, and bookingbuddy.com, which includes click-based advertising revenue, display-based advertising revenue, hotel room reservations sold through these websites, and advertising revenue from making cruise reservations available for price comparison and booking.

Non-Hotel

Our Non-Hotel segment consists of the aggregation of three operating segments, our Attractions, Restaurants and Vacation Rentals businesses.

Attractions. We provide information and services for users to research and book activities and attractions in popular travel destinations through our dedicated attractions business, Viator. We generate revenue by charging the operators a commission for each transaction we facilitate through our online reservation systems. In addition to its consumer-direct business, Viator also powers activity and attractions booking capabilities to its affiliate partners, including some of the world’s top airlines, hotel chains and online and offline travel agencies. Viator’s bookable inventory is available on www.viator.com as well as TripAdvisor-branded websites and mobile applications.

Restaurants. Through our restaurant reservations business The Fork we provide information and services for users to research and book restaurants. The Fork is an online restaurant booking platform operating on a number of sites (including www.lafourchette.com, www.eltenedor.com, www.iens.nl, www.besttables.com, www.dimmi.com.au, and www.en.couverts.nl), with a network of restaurant partners primarily across Europe and Australia. The Fork generates revenue by charging our restaurant partners a fee for each restaurant guest, or seated diner, that we facilitate through our online reservation systems. The Fork also provides flexible online booking and a premium data and analytics tool, for which the restaurant owner pays a subscription fee. The Fork’s bookable inventory is also available on TripAdvisor-branded websites and mobile applications.

Vacation Rentals. We provide information and services for users to research and book vacation and short-term rental properties, including full home rentals, condominiums, villas, beach rentals, cabins and cottages. The vacation rentals business generates revenue by offering individual property owners and property managers, the ability to list their properties on our websites and mobile applications through a free-to-list, commission-based option, and to a lesser extent, an annual subscription-based fee structure. These properties are listed on a number of platforms, including www.flipkey.com, www.holidaylettings.co.uk, www.housetrip.com, www.niumba.com, and www.vacationhomerentals.com, as well as on our TripAdvisor-branded websites.

Our operating segments are determined based on how our chief operating decision maker manages our business, regularly assesses information and evaluates performance for operating decision-making purposes, including allocation of resources. The chief operating decision maker for the Company is our Chief Executive Officer. Our chief operating decision maker is also our Hotel segment manager. Each Non-Hotel operating segment has a segment manager who is directly accountable to and maintains regular contact with our chief operating decision maker to discuss operating activities, financial results, forecasts, and plans for the segment.

Adjusted EBITDA is our segment profit measure and a key measure used by our management and board of directors to understand and evaluate the operating performance of our business and on which internal budgets and forecasts are based and approved. In particular, the exclusion of certain expenses in calculating Adjusted EBITDA can provide a useful measure for period-to-period comparisons of our core business. Accordingly, we believe that Adjusted EBITDA provides useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our operating results in the same manner as our management and board of directors. We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss) plus: (1) provision for income taxes; (2) other income (expense), net; (3) depreciation of property and equipment, including amortization of internal use software and website development; (4) amortization of intangible assets; (5) stock-based compensation and other stock-settled obligations; (6) goodwill, long-lived asset and intangible asset impairments; and (7) non-recurring expenses and income

The following tables present our segment information for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, and includes a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to Net Income. We record depreciation of property and equipment, including amortization of internal-use software and website development, amortization of intangible assets, stock-based compensation and other stock-settled obligations, other income (expense), net, other non-recurring expenses and income, net, and income taxes, which are excluded from segment operating performance, in corporate and unallocated. In addition, we do not report our assets, capital expenditures and related depreciation expense by segment as our chief operating decision maker does not evaluate operating segments using this information. We also do not regularly provide such information by segment to our chief operating decision maker. Our consolidated general and administrative expenses, excluding stock-based compensation costs, are shared by all operating segments. Each operating segment receives an allocated charge based on the segment’s percentage of the Company’s total personnel costs.

	Year ended December 31, 2016
	Hotel		Non-Hotel			Corporate and unallocated			Total
	(in millions)
Revenue	$	1,190	$	290		$	—		$	1,480
Adjusted EBITDA (1)		380		(28	)		—			352
Depreciation							(69	)		(69	)
Amortization of intangible assets							(32	)		(32	)
Stock-based compensation							(85	)		(85	)
Operating income										166
Other expense, net										(15	)
Income before income taxes										151
Provision for income taxes										(31	)
Net income									$	120

	Year ended December 31, 2015
	Hotel		Non-Hotel			Corporate and unallocated			Total
	(in millions)
Revenue	$	1,263	$	229		$	—		$	1,492
Adjusted EBITDA (1)		472		(6	)		—			466
Depreciation							(57	)		(57	)
Amortization of intangible assets							(36	)		(36	)
Stock-based compensation							(72	)		(72	)
Non-cash charitable contribution (2)							(67	)		(67	)
Other non-recurring expenses							(2	)		(2	)
Operating income										232
Other income, net										7
Income before income taxes										239
Provision for income taxes										(41	)
Net income									$	198

	Year ended December 31, 2014
	Hotel		Non-Hotel			Corporate and unallocated			Total
	(in millions)
Revenue	$	1,135	$	111		$	—		$	1,246
Adjusted EBITDA (1)(3)		472		(4	)		—			468
Depreciation							(47	)		(47	)
Amortization of intangible assets							(18	)		(18	)
Stock-based compensation							(63	)		(63	)
Operating income										340
Other expense, net										(18	)
Income before income taxes										322
Provision for income taxes										(96	)
Net income									$	226

(1)	Includes allocated general and administrative expenses in our Hotel segment of $80 million, $85 million and $87 million; and in our Non-Hotel segment of $38 million, $28 million and $18 million for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

(2)

During the fourth quarter of 2015, we incurred an expense in the amount of $67 million to reflect a non-cash contribution to The TripAdvisor Charitable Foundation (the “Foundation”), which was recorded to general and administrative expense in our consolidated statement of operations. TripAdvisor had historically funded 2% of its annual operating income before amortization and stock-based compensation. TripAdvisor’s pledge agreement provided for an immediate satisfaction of all future annual contributions, by paying an amount equal to eight multiplied by TripAdvisor’s prior year contribution to the Foundation. TripAdvisor exercised this right under its pledge agreement in December 2015. We settled this obligation in treasury shares based on the fair value of our common stock on the date the treasury shares were issued to the Foundation and therefore given the use of stock to settle the obligation, the amount has been excluded from Adjusted EBITDA. TripAdvisor does not expect to make any future contributions to the Foundation.

(3)	Hotel segment Adjusted EBITDA includes charitable contributions to the Foundation which were funded in cash of $8 million for the year ended December 31, 2014.

Revenue and Geographic Information

In the first quarter of 2016 we began providing additional disclosure on our revenue sources within our Hotel segment, which are TripAdvisor-branded click-based and transaction revenue, TripAdvisor-branded display-based advertising and subscription revenue; and other hotel revenue, which along with our Non-Hotel revenue source comprise our products. In conjunction with providing these additional revenue disclosures, we will no longer provide our historically reported revenue disclosure of click-based advertising, display-based advertising, and subscription, transaction and other revenues. This change had no effect on our consolidated financial statements in any period or with the composition of our operating or reportable segments.

The following table presents revenue by source for the periods presented:

	Year ended December 31,
	2016		2015		2014
	(in millions)
TripAdvisor-branded click-based and transaction	$	750	$	837	$	764
TripAdvisor-branded display-based advertising and subscription		282		272		233
Other hotel revenue		158		154		138
Non-hotel revenue		290		229		111
Total revenue	$	1,480	$	1,492	$	1,246

The following table presents revenue by geographic area, the United States, the United Kingdom and all other countries, based on the geographic location of our websites for the periods presented:

	Year ended December 31,
	2016		2015		2014
	(in millions)
Revenue
United States	$	799	$	739	$	593
United Kingdom		210		215		191
All other countries		471		538		462
Total revenue	$	1,480	$	1,492	$	1,246

The following table presents property and equipment, net for the United States and all other countries based on the geographic location of the assets for the periods presented:

	December 31,
	2016		2015
	(in millions)
Property and equipment, net
United States	$	222	$	217
All other countries		38		30
Total	$	260	$	247