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Share-Based Compensation
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2016
Share-based Compensation [Abstract]  
Share-Based Compensation
Share-Based Compensation
Stock Option Plan
 The Company has a stock option plan (the "Plan") which authorizes the grant of nonqualified stock options to the Company's independent directors, officers, advisors, consultants and other personnel, subject to the absolute discretion of the board of directors and the applicable limitations of the Plan. The exercise price for all stock options granted under the Plan will be equal to the fair market value of a share on the last business day preceding the annual meeting of stockholders. A total of 0.5 million shares have been authorized and reserved for issuance under the Plan. As of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, no stock options were issued under the Plan.
Restricted Share Plan
The Company's employee and director incentive restricted share plan ("RSP") provides the Company with the ability to grant awards of restricted shares to the Company's directors, officers and employees (if the Company ever has employees), employees of the Advisor and its affiliates, employees of entities that provide services to the Company, directors of the Advisor or of entities that provide services to the Company, certain consultants to the Company and the Advisor and its affiliates or to entities that provide services to the Company.
Prior to April 8, 2015, the RSP provided for the automatic grant of 3,000 restricted shares of Common Stock to each of the independent directors, without any further action by the Company's board of directors or the stockholders, on the date of initial election to the board of directors and on the date of each annual stockholder's meeting. Restricted stock issued to independent directors vested over a five-year period beginning on the first anniversary of the date of grant in increments of 20% per annum. On April 8, 2015, the Company amended the RSP ("the Amended RSP"), among other things, to remove the fixed amount of shares that are automatically granted to the independent directors and remove the fixed vesting period of five-years. Under the Amended RSP, the annual amount granted to the independent directors is determined by the board of directors.
Effective upon the Listing Date, the Company’s board of directors approved the following changes to independent director compensation: (i) increasing in the annual retainer payable to all independent directors to $100,000 per year, (ii) increase in the annual retainer for the non-executive chair to $105,000, (iii) increase in the annual retainer for independent directors serving on the audit committee, compensation committee or nominating and corporate governance committee to $30,000. All annual retainers are payable 50% in the form of cash and 50% in the form of restricted stock units ("RSU") which vest over a three-year period. In addition, the directors have the option to elect to receive the cash component in the form of RSUs which would vest over a three-year period. Under the Amended RSP, restricted share awards entitle the recipient to receive shares of Common Stock from the Company under terms that provide for vesting over a specified period of time or upon attainment of pre-established performance objectives. Such awards would typically be forfeited with respect to the unvested shares upon the termination of the recipient's employment or other relationship with the Company. In connection with the Listing, the Company's board of directors also approved a one-time retention grant of 40,000 RSUs to each of the directors valued at $8.52 per unit, which vest over a five-year period. On July 13, 2015, the Company granted an annual retainer to each of its independent directors comprising of 50% (or $0.1 million) in cash and 50% (or 7,352) in RSUs which vest over a three-year period with the vesting period beginning on June 15, 2015. In addition, the Company granted $0.1 million in non executive chair compensation in cash and 50% (or 5,882) in RSUs which vest over a three-year period with the vesting period beginning on June 15, 2015. On August 18, 2016, the Company granted an annual retainer to each of its independent directors comprising of 50% (or $0.1 million) and 50% (or 8,642) in RSUs which vest over a three-year period with the vesting period beginning on June 28, 2016. In addition, the Company granted $0.1 million in non executive chair compensation in cash and 50% (or 6,981) in RSUs which vest over a three-year period with the vesting period beginning on June 28, 2016.
Prior to April 8, 2015, the total number of shares of Common Stock granted under the RSP could not exceed 5.0% of the Company's outstanding shares on a fully diluted basis at any time, and in any event could not exceed 7.5 million shares (as such number may be adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, combinations and similar events). The Amended RSP increased the number of shares the Company's Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, available for awards thereunder to 10% of the Company’s outstanding shares of Common Stock on a fully diluted basis at any time. The Amended RSP also eliminated the limit of 7.5 million shares of Common Stock permitted to be issued as RSUs.
Restricted shares may not, in general, be sold or otherwise transferred until restrictions are removed and the shares have vested. Holders of restricted shares may receive cash dividends prior to the time that the restrictions on the restricted shares have lapsed. Any dividends payable in common shares shall be subject to the same restrictions as the underlying restricted shares.
The following table reflects restricted share award activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2016:
 
Number of Restricted Shares
 
Weighted-Average Issue Price
Unvested, December 31, 2015
187,938

 
$
8.57

Granted
32,907

 
7.52

Vested
(41,274
)
 
8.59

Unvested, September 30, 2016
179,571

 
$
8.37


The fair value of the restricted shares granted prior to the Listing Date is based on the per share price in the IPO and the fair value of the restricted shares granted on or after the Listing Date is based on the market price of Common Stock as of the grant date, and is expensed over the vesting period. Compensation expense related to restricted stock was approximately $0.1 million and $0.3 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively, and is recorded as general and administrative expense in the accompanying statements of operations. Compensation expense related to restricted stock was approximately $0.1 million and $0.1 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, and is recorded as general and administrative expense in the accompanying statements of operations. As of September 30, 2016, the Company had $1.2 million unrecognized compensation costs related to unvested restricted share awards granted under the Company’s Amended RSP. The cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 4.0 years.
Multi-Year Outperformance Agreement
In connection with the Listing, the Company entered into the OPP with the OP and the Advisor. Under the OPP, the Advisor was issued 9,041,801 long term incentive plan units ("LTIP Units") in the OP with a maximum award value on the issuance date equal to 5.00% of the Company’s market capitalization (the “OPP Cap”). The LTIP Units are structured as profits interests in the OP.
The Advisor will be eligible to earn a number of LTIP Units with a value equal to a portion of the OPP Cap upon the first, second and third anniversaries of the Effective Date, which is the Listing Date, June 2, 2015, based on the Company’s achievement of certain levels of total return to its stockholders (“Total Return”), including both share price appreciation and Common Stock dividends, as measured against a peer group of companies, as set forth below, for the three-year performance period commencing on the Effective Date (the “Three-Year Period”); each 12-month period during the Three-Year Period (the “One-Year Periods”); and the initial 24-month period of the Three-Year Period (the “Two-Year Period”), as follows:
 
 
 
 
Performance Period
 
Annual Period
 
Interim Period
Absolute Component: 4% of any excess Total Return attained above an absolute hurdle measured from the beginning of such period:
 
21%
 
7%
 
14%
Relative Component: 4% of any excess Total Return attained above the Total Return for the performance period of the Peer Group*, subject to a ratable sliding scale factor as follows based on achievement of cumulative Total Return measured from the beginning of such period:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
100% will be earned if cumulative Total Return achieved is at least:
 
18%
 
6%
 
12%
 
50% will be earned if cumulative Total Return achieved is:
 
—%
 
—%
 
—%
 
0% will be earned if cumulative Total Return achieved is less than:
 
—%
 
—%
 
—%
 
a percentage from 50% to 100% calculated by linear interpolation will be earned if the cumulative Total Return achieved is between:
 
0% - 18%
 
0% - 6%
 
0% - 12%
_______________________________________________________
*
The “Peer Group” is comprised of Gramercy Property Trust Inc., Lexington Realty Trust, Select Income REIT, and W.P. Carey Inc.
The potential outperformance award is calculated at the end of each One-Year Period, the Two-Year Period and the Three-Year Period. The award earned for the Three-Year Period is based on the formula in the table above less any awards earned for the Two-Year Period and One-Year Periods, but not less than zero; the award earned for the Two-Year Period is based on the formula in the table above less any award earned for the first and second One-Year Period, but not less than zero. Any LTIP Units that are unearned at the end of the Performance Period will be forfeited.
Subject to the Advisor’s continued service through each vesting date, one third of any earned LTIP Units will vest on each of the third, fourth and fifth anniversaries of the Effective Date. Any earned and vested LTIP Units may be converted into OP Units in accordance with the terms and conditions of the limited partnership agreement of the OP. The OPP provides for early calculation of LTIP Units earned and for the accelerated vesting of any earned LTIP Units in the event Advisor is terminated or in the event the Company incurs a change in control, in either case prior to the end of the Three-Year Period.
On June 2, 2016, no LTIP units were earned by the Advisor under the terms of the OPP.
The Company records equity based compensation expense associated with the awards over the requisite service period of five years on a graded vesting basis. Equity-based compensation expense is adjusted each reporting period for changes in the estimated market-related performance. Compensation (income) expense related to the OPP was $1.2 million and $2.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016. Compensation expense related to the OPP was $1.8 million and $2.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015. Subject to the Advisor’s continued service through each vesting date, one third of any earned LTIP Units will vest on each of the third, fourth and fifth anniversaries of the Effective Date. Until such time as an LTIP Unit is earned in accordance with the provisions of the OPP, the holder of such LTIP Unit is entitled to distributions on such LTIP Unit equal to 10% of the distributions made per OP Unit. The Company has paid $0.2 million and $0.9 million, respectively in distributions related to LTIP Units during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, which is included in non-controlling interest in the consolidated statement of changes in equity. After an LTIP Unit is earned, the holder of such LTIP Unit is entitled to a catch-up distribution and then the same distributions as the holders of an OP Unit. At the time the Advisor’s capital account with respect to an LTIP Unit is economically equivalent to the average capital account balance of an OP Unit, the LTIP Unit has been earned and it has been vested for 30 days, the Advisor, in its sole discretion, will be entitled to convert such LTIP Unit into an OP Unit in accordance with the provisions of the limited partnership agreement of the OP. The OPP provides for early calculation of LTIP Units earned and for the accelerated vesting of any earned LTIP Units in the event Advisor is terminated by the Company or in the event the Company incurs a change in control, in either case prior to the end of the Three-Year Period.
On February 25, 2016, the OPP was amended and restated to reflect the merger of two of the companies in the Peer Group.
Other Share-Based Compensation
The Company may issue Common Stock in lieu of cash to pay fees earned by the Company's directors at each director's election. There are no restrictions on the shares issued since these payments in lieu of cash relate to fees earned for services performed. There were no such shares of Common Stock issued in lieu of cash during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.