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Related Party Transactions
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2014
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]  
Related Party Transactions
Related Party Transactions
As of September 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the Sponsor, the Special Limited Partner and a subsidiary of the Service Provider owned 244,444 shares of the Company's outstanding common stock. The Advisor and its affiliates may incur costs and fees on behalf of the Company. As of September 30, 2014, the Company had no amounts owed to or receivable from affiliated entities. As of December 31, 2013, the Company had $0.5 million receivable from affiliated entities, primarily related to funding the payment of third party professional fees and offering costs, net of general and administrative expenses absorbed by the Advisor.




Fees Paid in Connection with the IPO
The Dealer Manager is paid fees and compensation in connection with the sale of the Company's common stock. The Dealer Manager is paid selling commissions of up to 7.0% of the per share purchase price of offering proceeds before reallowance of commissions earned by participating broker-dealers. In addition, the Dealer Manager is paid 3.0% of the per share purchase price from the sale of the Company's shares, before reallowance to participating broker-dealers, as a dealer manager fee. The Dealer Manager may re-allow its dealer manager fee to participating broker-dealers. A participating broker dealer may elect to receive a fee equal to 7.5% of the gross proceeds from the sale of shares (not including selling commissions and dealer manager fees) by such participating broker dealers, with 2.5% thereof paid at the time of the sale and 1.0% paid on each anniversary date of the closing of the sale to the fifth anniversary date of the closing of the sale. If this option is elected, the Dealer Manager's fee will be reduced to 2.5% of the applicable gross proceeds (not including selling commissions and dealer manager fees).
The following table details total selling commissions and dealer manager fees incurred from and payable to the Dealer Manager related to the sale of common stock as of and for the periods presented:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Payable as of
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
September 30,
 
December 31,
(In thousands)
 
2014
 
2013
 
2014
 
2013
 
2014
 
2013
Total commissions and fees to Dealer Manager
 
$
1,821

 
$
3,186

 
$
148,377

 
$
7,807

 
$

 
$
176


The Advisor and its affiliates are paid compensation and receive reimbursement for services relating to the IPO. Effective March 1, 2013, the Company began utilizing transfer agent services provided by an affiliate of the Dealer Manager. All offering costs incurred by the Company or by the Advisor and its affiliated entities on behalf of the Company are charged to additional paid-in capital on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The following table details fees and offering cost reimbursements incurred and payable to the Advisor and Dealer Manager related to the sale of common stock as of and for the periods presented:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Payable as of
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
September 30,
 
December 31,
(In thousands)
 
2014
 
2013
 
2014
 
2013
 
2014
 
2013
Fees and expense reimbursements to the Advisor and Dealer Manager
 
$
5,889

 
$
488

 
$
17,635

 
$
998

 
$
552

 
$
293


The Company is responsible for paying offering and related costs from the IPO, excluding commissions and dealer manager fees, up to a maximum of 1.5% of gross proceeds received from its ongoing offering of common stock, measured at the end of the offering. Offering costs in excess of the 1.5% cap as of the end of the offering are the Advisor's responsibility. As of September 30, 2014, offering and related costs, excluding commissions and dealer manager fees, exceeded 1.5% of gross proceeds received from the IPO by $43,000.
After the escrow break, the Advisor elected to cap cumulative offering costs incurred by the Company, net of unpaid amounts, to 15% of gross common stock proceeds during the offering period. As of September 30, 2014, cumulative offering costs were $188.7 million. Cumulative offering costs net of unpaid amounts, were less than the 15% threshold as of September 30, 2014.
Fees Paid in Connection With the Operations of the Company
The Advisor is paid an acquisition fee of 1.0% of the contract purchase price of each acquired property and 1.0% of the amount advanced for a loan or other investment. Solely with respect to investment activities in Europe, the Service Provider is paid 50% of the acquisition fees and the Advisor is paid the remaining 50%, as set forth in the service provider agreement. The Advisor is also reimbursed for insourced expenses incurred in the process of acquiring properties, which are fixed initially at 0.5% of the contract purchase price and 0.5% of the amount advanced for a loan or other investment. Additionally, the Company will pay third party acquisition expenses. Once the proceeds from the IPO have been fully invested, the total of all acquisition fees and acquisition expenses (including any financing coordination fee) may not exceed 4.5% of the aggregate contract purchase price of the Company's portfolio or 4.5% of the amount advanced for all loans or other investments.
If the Company's Advisor provides services in connection with the origination or refinancing of any debt that the Company obtains and uses to acquire properties or to make other permitted investments, or that is assumed, directly or indirectly, in connection with the acquisition of properties, the Company pays the Advisor a financing coordination fee equal to 0.75% of the amount available and/or outstanding under such financing, subject to certain limitations. Solely with respect to the Company's investment activities in Europe, the Service Provider is paid 50% of the financing coordination fees and the Advisor receives the remaining 50%, as set forth in the service provider agreement. Such fees will be deducted from fees payable to the Advisor, pursuant to the service provider agreement.
In connection with providing strategic advisory services related to certain portfolio acquisitions, the Company has entered into arrangements in which the investment banking division of the Dealer Manager is paid a transaction fee of 0.25% of the Transaction Value for such portfolio acquisition transactions. Pursuant to such arrangements to date, the Transaction Value has been defined as: (i) the value of the consideration paid or to be paid for all the equity securities or assets in connection with the sale transaction or acquisition transaction (including consideration payable with respect to convertible or exchangeable securities and option, warrants or other exercisable securities and including dividends or distributions and equity security repurchases made in anticipation of or in connection with the sale transaction or acquisition transaction), or the implied value for all the equity securities or assets of the Company or acquisition target, as applicable, if a partial sale or purchase is undertaken, plus (ii) the aggregate value of any debt, capital lease and preferred equity security obligations (whether consolidated, off-balance sheet or otherwise) of the Company or acquisition target, as applicable, outstanding at the closing of the sale transaction or acquisition transaction), plus (iii) the amount of any fees, expenses and promote paid by the buyer(s) on behalf of the Company or the acquisition target, as applicable. Should the Dealer Manager provide strategic advisory services related to additional portfolio acquisition transactions, the Company will enter into new arrangements with the Dealer Manager on such terms as may be agreed upon between the two parties.
Prior to January 1, 2013, the Company paid the Advisor a monthly fee equal to one-twelfth of 0.75% of the cost of investment portfolio assets (costs include the purchase price, acquisition expenses, capital expenditures and other customarily capitalized costs, but excluded acquisition fees). All or a portion of the asset management fee may have been waived or deferred at the sole discretion of the Company's board of directors (a) to the extent that FFO, as adjusted, during the six months ending on the last day of the calendar quarter immediately preceding the date that such asset management fee is payable, is less than the distributions declared with respect to such six month period or (b) for any other reason.
Effective January 1, 2013, the following were eliminated: (i) the reduction of the asset management fee to the extent, if any, that the Company's funds from operations, as adjusted, during the six months ending on the last calendar quarter immediately preceding the date the asset management fee was payable was less than the distributions declared with respect to such six month period and (ii) the payment of asset management fees in cash, shares or restricted stock grants, or any combination thereof to the Advisor. Instead, the Company issues (subject to periodic approval by the board of directors) to the Advisor performance-based restricted partnership units of the OP designated as "Class B units," which are intended to be profits interests and will vest, and no longer be subject to forfeiture, at such time as: (x) the value of the OP's assets plus all distributions made equals or exceeds the total amount of capital contributed by investors plus a 6.0% cumulative, pre-tax, non-compounded annual return thereon (the "economic hurdle"); (y) any one of the following occurs: (1) the termination of the advisory agreement by an affirmative vote of a majority of the Company's independent directors without cause; (2) a listing; or (3) another liquidity event; and (z) the Advisor is still providing advisory services to the Company (the "performance condition"). Such Class B units will be forfeited immediately if: (a) the advisory agreement is terminated other than by an affirmative vote of a majority of the Company's independent directors without cause; or (b) the advisory agreement is terminated by an affirmative vote of a majority of the Company's independent directors without cause before the economic hurdle has been met.
The number of Class B units to be issued will be equal to: (i) the excess of (A) the product of (y) the cost of assets multiplied by (z) 0.1875% over (B) any amounts payable as an oversight fee (as described below) for such calendar quarter; divided by (ii) the value of one share of common stock as of the last day of such calendar quarter. When and if approved by the board of directors, the Class B units are expected to be issued to the Advisor quarterly in arrears pursuant to the terms of the limited partnership agreement of the OP. Pursuant to the service provider agreement 50.0% of the Class B units will be assigned to the Service Provider, solely with respect to the Company's foreign investment strategy in Europe. As of September 30, 2014, the Company did not consider achievement of the performance condition to be probable. The value of issued Class B units will be determined and expensed when the Company deems the achievement of the performance condition to be probable. The Advisor will receive distributions on unvested Class B units equal to the distribution rate received on the Company's common stock. Such distributions on issued Class B units will be expensed in the consolidated statement of operations until the performance condition is considered probable to occur. During the nine months ended September 30, 2014, the board of directors approved the issuance of 317,064 Class B Units to the Advisor and the Service Provider in connection with this agreement. No class B units were issued during the nine months ended September 30, 2013.
If the Property Manager or an affiliate provides property management and leasing services for properties owned by the Company, the Company pays fees equal to: (i) with respect to stand-alone, single-tenant net leased properties which are not part of a shopping center, 2.0% of gross revenues from the properties managed and (ii) with respect to all other types of properties, 4.0% of gross revenues from the properties managed.
For services related to overseeing property management and leasing services provided by any person or entity that is not an affiliate of the Property Manager, the Company pays the Property Manager an oversight fee equal to 1.0% of gross revenues of the property managed.
Solely with respect to the Company's investment activities in Europe, the Service Provider or other entity providing property management services with respect to such investments is paid: (i) with respect to single-tenant net leased properties which are not part of a shopping center, 1.75% of the gross revenues from such properties and (ii) with respect to all other types of properties, 3.5% of the gross revenues from such properties. The Property Manager is paid 0.25% of the gross revenues from European single-tenant net leased properties which are not part of a shopping center and 0.5% of the gross revenues from all other types of properties, reflecting a split of the oversight fee with the Service Provider or an affiliated entity providing European property management services. Such fees are deducted from fees payable to the Advisor, pursuant to the service provider agreement.
Effective March 1, 2013, the Company entered into an agreement with the Dealer Manager to provide strategic advisory services and investment banking services required in the ordinary course of the Company's business, such as performing financial analysis, evaluating publicly traded comparable companies and assisting in developing a portfolio composition strategy, a capitalization structure to optimize future liquidity options and structuring operations. Strategic advisory fees are amortized over approximately 18 months, the estimated remaining term of the IPO as of the date of the agreement, and are included in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss.
The following table reflects related party fees incurred, forgiven and contractually due as of and for the periods presented:
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
Payable as of
 
 
2014
 
2013
 
2014
 
2013
 
September 30,
 
December 31,
(In thousands)
 
Incurred
 
Forgiven
 
Incurred
 
Forgiven
 
Incurred
 
Forgiven
 
Incurred
 
Forgiven
 
2014
 
2013
One-time fees and reimbursements:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquisition fees and related cost reimbursements
 
$
13,734

 
$

 
$
958

 
$

 
$
22,889

 
$

 
$
1,253

 
$

 
$
2

 
$

Financing coordination fees
 
637

 

 
524

 

 
3,484

 

 
593

 

 

 

Ongoing fees:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property management and leasing fees
 
167

 
152

 
18

 
5

 
354

 
355

 
23

 
6

 
41

 
1

Strategic advisory fees
 
346

 

 
107

 

 
561

 

 
251

 

 

 

Distributions on Class B Units
 
50

 

 
1

 

 
77

 

 
1

 

 

 

Total related party operational fees and reimbursements
 
$
14,934

 
$
152

 
$
1,608

 
$
5

 
$
27,365

 
$
355

 
$
2,121

 
$
6

 
$
43

 
$
1

___________________________________________________________________________
(1) Effective January 1, 2013, the Company issues (subject to approval by the board of directors) to the Advisor restricted performance based Class B units for asset management services, which will be forfeited immediately if certain conditions occur.
The Company reimburses the Advisor's costs of providing administrative services, subject to the limitation that the Company will not reimburse the Advisor for any amount by which the Company's operating expenses (including the asset management fee) at the end of the four preceding fiscal quarters exceeds the greater of (a) 2.0% of average invested assets and (b) 25.0% of net income other than any additions to reserves for depreciation, bad debt or other similar non-cash reserves and excluding any gain from the sale of assets for that period. Additionally, the Company reimburses the Advisor for personnel costs in connection with other services during the operational stage, in addition to paying an asset management fee; however, the Company does not reimburse the Advisor for personnel costs in connection with services for which the Advisor receives acquisition fees or real estate commissions. No reimbursement was incurred from the Advisor for providing services during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013.
The Company pays the Advisor an annual subordinated performance fee calculated on the basis of the Company's total return to stockholders, payable annually in arrears, such that for any year in which the Company's total return on stockholders' capital exceeds 6.0% per annum, the Advisor is entitled to 15.0% of the excess total return but not to exceed 10.0% of the aggregate total return for such year (which will take into account distributions and realized appreciation). This fee is payable only upon the sale of assets, distributions or other events which results in the Company's return on stockholders' capital exceeding 6.0% per annum. Solely with respect to the Company's investment activities in Europe, the Service Provider will be paid 50.0% of the annual subordinated performance fee payable in respect of such investments, and the Advisor or its affiliates will receive the remaining 50%, as set forth in the service provider agreement. No such amounts had been incurred during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013.
In order to improve operating cash flows and the ability to pay distributions from operating cash flows, the Advisor may waive certain fees including asset management and property management fees. Because the Advisor may waive certain fees, cash flow from operations that would have been paid to the Advisor may be available to pay distributions to stockholders. The fees that may be forgiven are not deferrals and accordingly, will not be paid to the Advisor. In certain instances, to improve the Company's working capital, the Advisor may elect to absorb a portion of the Company's general and administrative costs or property operating expenses. These absorbed costs are presented net in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
The following table details property operating and general and administrative expenses absorbed by the Advisor during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013:
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands)
2014
 
2013
 
2014
 
2013
Property operating expenses absorbed
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
4

General and administrative expenses absorbed

 
357

 

 
833

Total expenses absorbed (1)
$

 
$
357

 
$

 
$
837

___________________________________________________________________
(1) The Company had no receivable from the Advisor as of September 30, 2014 related to absorbed costs and had $0.5 million receivable as of December 31, 2013.
Fees Paid in Connection with the Liquidation or Listing of the Company's Real Estate Assets
The Company pays a brokerage commission to the Advisor or its affiliates on the sale of property, not to exceed the lesser of 2.0% of the contract sale price of the property and 50% of the total brokerage commission paid if a third party broker is also involved; provided, however, that in no event may the real estate commissions paid to the Advisor, its affiliates and unaffiliated third parties exceed the lesser of 6.0% of the contract sales price and a reasonable, customary and competitive real estate commission, in each case, payable to the Advisor if the Advisor or its affiliates, as determined by a majority of the independent directors, provided a substantial amount of services in connection with the sale. No such amounts have been incurred during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013.
If a liquidity event occurs and the Company is not simultaneously listed on an exchange, the Company will pay a subordinated participation in the net sales proceeds of the sale of real estate assets of 15.0% of remaining net sale proceeds after return of capital contributions to investors plus payment to investors of an annual 6.0% cumulative, pre-tax non-compounded return on the capital contributed by investors. The Company cannot assure that it will provide this 6.0% return but the Advisor will not be entitled to the subordinated participation in net sale proceeds unless the Company's investors have received a 6.0% cumulative non-compounded return on their capital contributions plus the return of capital. No such amounts have been incurred during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013.
The Company will distribute a subordinated incentive listing distribution of 15.0%, payable in the form of a promissory note, of the amount by which the market value of all issued and outstanding shares of the Company's common stock plus distributions exceeds the aggregate capital contributed by investors plus an amount equal to a 6.0% cumulative, pre-tax non-compounded annual return to investors. The Company cannot assure that it will provide this 6.0% return but the Advisor will not be entitled to the subordinated incentive listing fee unless investors have received a 6.0% cumulative, pre-tax non-compounded return on their capital contributions plus return of capital. No such distributions have been paid during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013. Neither the Advisor nor any of its affiliates can receive both the subordination participation in the net proceeds and the subordinated listing distribution.
Solely with respect to the Company's properties in Europe, the Service Provider has the right to receive up to 50% of subordinated participation in the net sales proceeds of the sale of real estate assets and 50% of subordinated incentive listing distribution relating to such properties. No such fees have been incurred during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and 2013.
Upon termination or non-renewal of the advisory agreement, the Advisor will receive distributions from the OP payable in the form of a promissory note. In addition, the Advisor may elect to defer its right to receive a subordinated distribution upon termination until either a listing on a national securities exchange or other liquidity event occurs.