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Stock-Based Compensation
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
Stock Options, Restricted Stock, Restricted Stock Units, Stock and Performance Awards
In 2003, the Company’s Board of Directors and shareholders approved the 2003 Incentive Plan. The 2003 Incentive Plan, as amended, provided that a maximum of 3,481,569 shares of common stock in the aggregate could be issued pursuant to options or restricted stock grants. In 2012, the Board of Directors adopted and shareholders approved the 2012 Incentive Plan. The 2012 Incentive Plan provided for a maximum of 8,700,000 shares of common stock in the aggregate that could be issued pursuant to options, restricted stock, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock units or other performance award grants.
In 2019, the Board of Directors adopted and shareholders approved the 2019 Incentive Plan. As of December 31, 2020, the 2019 Incentive Plan provided for a maximum of 1,940,386 shares of common stock in the aggregate that may be issued pursuant to grants of options, restricted stock, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock units or other performance award grants. The persons eligible to receive awards under the 2019 Incentive Plan include employees, directors, contractors or advisors of the Company. The primary purpose of the 2019 Incentive Plan is to attract and retain key employees, directors,
contractors or advisors of the Company. With the adoption of the 2019 Incentive Plan, the Company does not expect to make any future awards under the 2003 Incentive Plan or the 2012 Incentive Plan, but both plans will remain in place until all awards outstanding under such plans have been settled. As of December 31, 2020, no awards remained outstanding under the 2003 Incentive Plan.
The 2012 Incentive Plan and the 2019 Incentive Plan are administered by the independent members of the Board of Directors, who, upon recommendation of the Strategic Planning and Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors, determine the number of options, restricted shares or other awards to be granted, the effective dates, the terms of the grants and the vesting periods. The Company typically uses newly issued shares of common stock to satisfy option exercises or restricted share grants.
During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company began granting both equity-based and liability-based awards under the 2019 Incentive Plan. The fair value of equity-based awards is fixed at the grant date, while the fair value of liability-based awards is remeasured at each reporting period.
Stock Options
Under the 2012 Incentive Plan and the 2019 Incentive Plan, stock option awards have been granted and are outstanding to purchase the Company’s common stock at an exercise price equal to the fair market value on the date of grant, a typical vesting period of three or four years and a typical maximum term of five, six or 10 years. The 2012 Incentive Plan defines fair market value as the closing price of Matador’s common stock on the date of grant. Under the 2019 Incentive Plan, such fair market value of a stock option is determined using the closing price of Matador’s common stock on the trading day prior to the date of grant. All remaining option awards granted under the 2003 Incentive Plan were settled in the first quarter of 2020.
The weighted average grant date fair value for stock option awards granted under the 2012 Incentive Plan and the 2019 Incentive Plan were estimated using the following weighted average assumptions during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. The Company did not issue stock option awards during the year ended December 31, 2020.
20192018
Stock option pricing modelBlack Scholes MertonBlack Scholes Merton
Expected option life4.00 years4.00 years
Risk-free interest rate1.46%2.51%
Volatility48.52%45.17%
Dividend yield—%—%
Estimated forfeiture rate4.43%2.24%
Weighted average fair value of stock option awards granted during the year$5.04$12.64
The Company estimated the future volatility of its common stock using the historical value of its stock for a period of time commensurate with the expected term of the stock option. The expected term was estimated using the simplified method outlined in Staff Accounting Bulletin Topic 14. The risk-free interest rate is the rate for constant yield U.S. Treasury securities with a term to maturity that is consistent with the expected term of the award.
Summarized information about stock options outstanding at December 31, 2020 under the 2012 Incentive Plan and the 2019 Incentive Plan (collectively, the “LTIPs”) is as follows.
Number of
options
(in thousands)
Weighted
average
exercise price
Options outstanding at December 31, 20193,260 $22.64 
Options granted— $— 
Options exercised(65)$9.00 
Options forfeited(20)$15.83 
Options expired(702)$22.53 
Options outstanding at December 31, 20202,473 $23.08 
Options outstanding at
December 31, 2020		Options exercisable at
December 31, 2020
Range of exercise prices
Shares
outstanding (in thousands)
Weighted
average
remaining
contractual
life		Weighted
average
exercise
price
Shares
exercisable (in thousands)
Weighted
average
exercise
price
$13.22 - $15.40
914 2.71$14.88 568 $14.92 
$20.01 - $22.70
40 0.55$22.07 40 $22.07 
$25.31 - $29.68
1,519 2.49$28.05 1,334 $27.82 
At December 31, 2020, there was no aggregate intrinsic value for both outstanding and exercisable options, based on the closing price of Matador’s common stock on the appropriate date under the LTIPs. The remaining weighted average contractual term of exercisable options at December 31, 2020 was 2.10 years.
The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 was $0.3 million, $0.8 million and $7.0 million, respectively. The tax related benefit realized from the exercise of stock options totaled $1.4 million, $2.8 million and $5.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
At December 31, 2020, the total remaining unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested stock options was approximately $1.8 million and the weighted average remaining requisite service period (vesting period) of all unvested stock options was 1.39 years.
The fair value of options vested during 2020, 2019 and 2018 was $6.7 million, $9.7 million and $11.8 million, respectively.
Service-Based Restricted Stock, Restricted Stock Units and Common Stock
The Company has granted stock, restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards to employees, outside directors and advisors of the Company under the LTIPs. The stock and restricted stock are issued upon grant, with the restrictions, if any, being removed upon vesting. The equity-based restricted stock units are issued upon vesting, unless the recipient makes an election to defer issuance for a set term after vesting. Liability-based restricted stock units are settled in cash upon vesting. Restricted stock and restricted stock units granted in 2018 were service-based awards and vest over the service period, which is one to four years. Restricted stock and restricted stock units granted in 2020 and 2019 were either service-based awards, which will settle in cash or equity, or performance-based restricted stock units, which vest in an amount between zero and 200% of the target units granted based on the Company’s relative total shareholder return over the three-year periods ending December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, as compared to a designated peer group, and will be settled in stock. All restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards outstanding at December 31, 2020 were granted under the 2012 Incentive Plan or the 2019 Incentive Plan.
Equity-Based
A summary of the non-vested equity-based restricted stock and restricted stock units as of December 31, 2020 is presented below (in thousands, except fair value).
 Restricted StockRestricted Stock Units
Service Based Service Based Performance Based
Non-vested restricted stock and
restricted stock units		SharesWeighted
average
fair
value		SharesWeighted
average
fair
value		SharesWeighted
average
fair
value
Non-vested at December 31, 2019897 $26.19 92 $16.06 428 $20.00 
Granted243 $10.31 83 $8.85 641 $1.74 
Vested(441)$27.03 (92)$16.06 — $— 
Forfeited(17)$24.69 (8)$8.85 — $— 
Non-vested at December 31, 2020682 $20.01 75 $8.85 1,069 $9.05 
Liability-Based
A summary of the non-vested liability-based restricted stock units as of December 31, 2020 is presented below (in thousands, except fair value).
Non-vested
restricted stock units		Shares
Non-vested at December 31, 2019686 
Granted868 
Vested(226)
Forfeited(9)
Non-vested at December 31, 20201,319 
At December 31, 2020, the aggregate intrinsic value for the restricted stock and restricted stock units outstanding was $38.7 million, of which $16.3 million is expected to be settled in cash as calculated based on the maximum number of shares of restricted stock units vesting, based on the closing price of Matador’s common stock on the appropriate date under the LTIPs.
At December 31, 2020, the total remaining unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested restricted stock and restricted stock units was approximately $20.4 million, of which $11.1 million is expected to be settled in cash, and the weighted average remaining requisite service period (vesting period) of all non-vested restricted stock and restricted stock units was 1.72 years.
The fair value of restricted stock and restricted stock units vested during 2020, 2019 and 2018 was $8.4 million, $13.6 million and $13.0 million, respectively.
Summary
During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the total expense attributable to stock options was $3.4 million, $6.4 million and $6.3 million, respectively. At December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded decreases of $0.3 million and $0.1 million to current liabilities and a decrease of $1.1 million to long-term liabilities, respectively, related to its outstanding liability-based stock options. The Company settled 226,363 liability-based awards for $2.4 million in cash for the year ended December 31, 2020. The Company did not settle any liability awards for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the total expense attributable to restricted stock and restricted stock units was $17.7 million, $20.2 million and $15.3 million, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the Company capitalized $3.6 million, $5.0 million and $4.4 million, respectively, related to stock-based compensation and expensed the remaining $17.6 million, $21.6 million and $17.2 million, respectively.
The total tax benefit recognized for all stock-based compensation was $4.5 million, $5.6 million and $4.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.