Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, income tax expense was $23.7 million and $82.7 million, respectively, representing an effective tax rate of 26% for both periods. The items resulting in variances from the federal statutory rate of 21% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, primarily consisted of state and local income tax expense and tax expense related to non-deductible compensation.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, income tax expense was $28.5 million and $103.1 million, respectively, representing an effective tax rate of 24% and 26%, respectively. The items resulting in variances from the federal statutory rate of 21% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, primarily consisted of state and local income tax expense, tax expense for an increase in the valuation allowance for foreign taxes and tax expense related to non-deductible compensation.

At September 30, 2023, the Company had foreign tax credit carry forwards of approximately $53.9 million, expiring on various dates from 2024 through 2033. These carryforwards have been reduced by a valuation allowance of $53.9 million as it is more likely than not that these carry forwards will not be realized. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, $0.4 million relating to amortization of tax deductible second component goodwill was realized as a reduction in tax liability (as determined on a 'with-and-without' approach).

As of September 30, 2023, approximately $198.0 million of cash and cash equivalents, previously held by foreign subsidiaries, was repatriated to the United States. Our consolidated cash and cash equivalents balance of $955.2 million, as of September 30, 2023, includes approximately $170.9 million held by foreign subsidiaries. Of this amount, approximately $60.0 million is expected to be repatriated to the United States with the remaining amount continuing to be reinvested in foreign operations. Tax expense related to the repatriated amount, as well as the expected remaining repatriation amount, has been accrued in the current period and the Company does not expect to incur any significant, additional taxes related to the remaining balance.