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Income Taxes
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
For the three months ended March 31, 2021, income tax expense was $25.9 million, representing an effective tax rate of 21%. The items resulting in variances from the federal statutory rate primarily consist of state income tax expense of $3.4 million, tax expense of $2.5 million from nondeductible executive compensation, and tax expense from foreign operations of $1.4 million, partially offset by tax benefit of $1.3 million from foreign derived intangible income and $5.4 million for excess tax benefits related to stock compensation.
For the three months ended March 31, 2020, income tax expense was $33.6 million, representing an effective tax rate of 31%. The effective tax rate differs from the federal statutory rate of 21% due primarily to tax expense of $4.6 million for excess tax deficiencies related to stock compensation, tax expense from foreign operations of $4.0 million, state income tax expense of $3.0 million and $2.7 million for an increase in valuation allowances for foreign taxes and U.S. foreign tax credits, partially offset by tax benefit of $2.8 million relating to uncertain tax positions (including accrued interest) due to an audit settlement.
At March 31, 2021, the Company had foreign tax credit carry forwards of approximately $32.4 million, expiring on various dates from 2021 through 2031. These carryforwards have been reduced by a valuation allowance of $32.4 million as it is more likely than not that these carry forwards will not be realized. For the three months ended March 31, 2021, $0.3 million relating to amortization of tax deductible second component goodwill was realized as a reduction in tax liability (as determined on a 'with-and-without' approach).