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Income Taxes
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, income tax expense was $60.2 million and $133.3 million, respectively, representing an effective tax rate of 36% and 35%, respectively. The effective tax rate differs from the federal statutory rate of 35% due primarily to the tax benefit from the domestic production activities deduction of $4.4 million and $10.3 million, the tax benefit from foreign subsidiary earnings indefinitely reinvested outside the U.S. of $2.6 million and $6.7 million, the tax expense of $5.2 million and $7.5 million resulting from an increase in the valuation allowances for foreign and local taxes and state and local income tax expense of $2.6 million and $6.0 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively.
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, income tax expense was $39.4 million and $97.9 million, respectively, representing an effective tax rate of 32% for both periods. The effective tax rate differs from the federal statutory rate of 35% due primarily to the tax benefit from the domestic production activities deduction of $4.4 million and $9.7 million, the tax benefit from foreign subsidiary earnings indefinitely reinvested outside the U.S. of $5.5 million and $8.9 million, the tax expense of $2.7 million and $4.7 million resulting from an increase in the valuation allowances for foreign and local taxes and state and local income tax expense of $2.1 million and $5.3 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, respectively.
At June 30, 2017, the Company had foreign tax credit carry forwards of approximately $34 million, expiring on various dates from 2017 through 2027. For the six months ended June 30, 2017, $0.8 million relating to amortization of tax deductible second component goodwill was realized as a reduction in tax liability (as determined on a ‘with-and-without’ approach).