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Leases

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

5. Leases

Nature of Leases

We have finance leases for certain ship equipment and a corporate office. We have operating leases primarily for port facilities and also corporate offices, warehouses, and certain equipment. Many of our leases include both lease and non-lease components. We have adopted the practical expedient which allows us to combine lease and non-lease components by class of asset. We have applied this expedient for office leases, port facilities, and certain equipment.

The components of lease expense were as follows (in thousands):


	Year Ended		Year Ended		Year Ended
	December 31, 2021		December 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Operating lease expense	$	17,534	$	19,406	$	31,596
Variable lease expense		12,414		9,705		14,284
Short-term lease expense		6,421		11,076		50,832
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of right-of-use assets		1,428		1,924		1,765
Interest on lease liabilities		793		1,072		1,239

Lease balances were as follows (in thousands):


	Balance Sheet location	December 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
Operating leases
Right-of-use assets	Other long-term assets	$	794,187	$	209,037
Current operating lease liabilities	Accrued expenses and other liabilities		34,407		17,700
Non-current operating lease liabilities	Other long-term liabilities		670,688		185,414

Finance leases
Right-of-use assets	Property and equipment, net		9,820		11,948
Current finance lease liabilities	Current portion of long-term debt		3,866		5,143
Non-current finance lease liabilities	Long-term debt		1,847		4,648

Supplemental cash flow and non-cash information related to leases was as follows (in thousands):


	Year Ended		Year Ended		Year Ended
	December 31, 2021		December 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash outflows from operating leases	$	31,385	$	70,555	$	75,539
Operating cash outflows from finance leases		579		898		1,051
Financing cash outflows from finance leases		4,315		4,078		2,826

Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases		506,761		823		24,834
Finance leases		265		—		705

The right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations for the year ended December 31, 2021 was primarily for port facilities.

Other supplemental information related to leases was as follows:


	Year Ended			Year Ended			Year Ended
	December 31, 2021			December 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
Weighted average remaining lease term (years) - operating leases		24.28			7.36			8.30
Weighted average remaining lease term (years) - finance leases		2.37			2.89			3.65
Weighted average discount rate - operating leases		5.41	%		3.96	%		3.76	%
Weighted average discount rate - finance leases		7.36	%		7.75	%		7.47	%

As of December 31, 2021, maturities of lease liabilities were as follows (in thousands):


	Operating		Finance
	leases		leases
2022	$	46,179	$	4,096
2023		61,675		753
2024		65,727		630
2025		66,773		544
2026		66,226		38
Thereafter		1,031,088		—
Total		1,337,668		6,061
Less: Present value discount		(632,573)		(348)
Present value of lease liabilities	$	705,095	$	5,713

Sales-Type Lease

We have one sales-type lease for constructed land-based transportation equipment and infrastructure. The term of the lease is 20 years. At the end of the lease term, the assets shall be conveyed to the lessee. As of December 31, 2021, the lease receivable is $43.5 million and is recognized within accounts receivable, net and other long-term assets. The maturities of the lease receivable as of December 31, 2021 were as follows (in thousands):


	Sales-type
	lease
2022	$	3,916
2023		4,563
2024		4,682
2025		4,799
2026		2,947
Thereafter		22,595
Total	$	43,502

Significant Assumptions and Judgments in Applying Topic 842 and Practical Expedients Elected

Our leases contain both fixed and variable payments. Fixed payments and variable lease payments that depend on a rate or index are included in the calculation of the right-of-use asset. Other variable payments are excluded from the calculation unless there is an unavoidable fixed minimum cost related to those payments such as a minimum annual guarantee. Our lease assets are amortized on a straight-line basis except for our rights to use port facilities. The expenses related to port facilities are amortized based on passenger counts as this basis represents the pattern in which the economic benefit is derived from the right to use the underlying asset.

For non-consecutive lease terms, which relate to our rights to use certain port facilities, the term of the lease is based on the number of days on which we have the right to use a specified asset. We have adopted the practical expedient to exclude leases with terms of less than one year from being included on the balance sheet. Lease expense for agreements that are short-term are disclosed below and include both fixed and variable payments.

Certain leases include one or more options to extend or terminate and are primarily in five-year increments. Lease extensions and terminations, including auto-renewing lease terms, were only included in the calculation of the right-of-use asset to the extent that the right to renew or terminate was at the option of the lessor only or where there was a more than insignificant penalty for termination.

As our leases do not have a readily determinable implicit rate, we estimated our incremental borrowing rate to determine the net present value of the lease payments at the commencement date. Our incremental borrowing rate was estimated

based on the rate we would have obtained if we had borrowed collateralized debt over the lease term to purchase the asset.

We have also adopted the practical expedient which allows us, by class of asset, to not separate lease and non-lease components when we are the lessor in the underlying transaction, the transactions would otherwise be accounted for under ASC 606–Revenue Recognition and the non-lease components are the predominant components of the agreements. We have applied this practical expedient to transactions with cruise passengers and concession service providers related to the use of our ships. We refer you to Note 3 – “Revenue and Expense from Contracts with Customers.”

Impact of COVID-19

In April 2020, the FASB issued interpretive guidance relating to the accounting for lease concessions provided as a result of COVID-19. In this guidance, entities can elect not to apply lease modification accounting with respect to such lease concessions and instead, treat the concession as if it was a part of the existing contract. The Company has elected to not evaluate leases under the lease modification accounting framework for concessions that result from effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. In relation to our rights to use port facilities, we have elected the approach consistent with resolving a contingency, which allows us to remeasure the lease liability and recognize the amount of change in the lease liability as an adjustment to the carrying amount of the associated right-of-use asset. During the contingency period, we recognized lease expense for these port facilities as incurred.