0001199835-16-000656.txt : 20160314 0001199835-16-000656.hdr.sgml : 20160314 20160311183352 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0001199835-16-000656 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 6-K PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 5 CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT: 20160311 FILED AS OF DATE: 20160314 DATE AS OF CHANGE: 20160311 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: Pretium Resources Inc. CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001508844 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: METAL MINING [1000] IRS NUMBER: 000000000 STATE OF INCORPORATION: A1 FISCAL YEAR END: 1231 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 6-K SEC ACT: 1934 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 001-35393 FILM NUMBER: 161502147 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: SUITE 2300, 1055 DUNSMUIR STREET STREET 2: PO BOX 49334 CITY: VANCOUVER STATE: A1 ZIP: V7X 1L4 BUSINESS PHONE: 604-558-1784 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: SUITE 2300, 1055 DUNSMUIR STREET STREET 2: PO BOX 49334 CITY: VANCOUVER STATE: A1 ZIP: V7X 1L4 6-K 1 pretium_6k-16773.htm PRETIUM RESOURCES, INC. 6-K pretium_6k-16773.htm

 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
FORM 6-K
 
Report of Foreign Private Issuer
Pursuant to Rule 13a-16 or 15d-16
under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
 
For the month of March 2016
 
Commission File Number: 001-35393
 
PRETIUM RESOURCES INC
(translation of registrant’s name into English)

1055 Dunsmuir Street, Suite 2300
Vancouver, British Columbia
Canada V7X 1L4
(Address of principal executive office)
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports under cover of Form 20-F or Form 40-F:
 
Form 20-F ¨ Form 40-F x
 
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(1):
 
Yes ¨ No x
 
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(7):
 
Yes ¨ No x
 


 
1

 

Exhibit Index
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
2

 


SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 

 

 
PRETIUM RESOURCES INC.
     
 
By:
/s/ Joseph J. Ovsenek
Date: March 11, 2016
Name:
Joseph J. Ovsenek
 
Title:
President
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3

EX-99.1 2 exhibit_99-1.htm CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 30, 2015 exhibit_99-1.htm

EXHIBIT 99.1
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 









PRETIUM RESOURCES INC.





CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2015
(Expressed in Canadian Dollars)













Suite 2300, Four Bentall Centre
1055 Dunsmuir Street, PO Box 49334
Vancouver, BC V7X 1L4

Phone: 604-558-1784
Email: invest@pretivm.com

 
1

 


Management’s Responsibility for Financial Reporting

The accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared by management in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards, and within the framework of the summary of significant accounting policies in these consolidated financial statements.

A system of internal accounting control is maintained in order to provide reasonable assurance that assets are safeguarded and that transactions are properly recorded and executed in accordance with management’s authorization. This system includes established policies and procedures, the selection and training of qualified personnel and an organization providing for appropriate delegation of authority and segregation of responsibilities.

The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors meets periodically with management and the Company’s independent auditors to review the scope and results of their annual audit and to review the consolidated financial statements and related financial reporting matters prior to submitting the consolidated financial statements to the Board of Directors for approval.

The consolidated financial statements have been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP on behalf of the shareholders and their report follows.
 
“Robert A. Quartermain” 
Robert A. Quartermain
Chief Executive Officer
“Tom S. Q. Yip”
Tom S. Q. Yip
Chief Financial Officer
 
March 10, 2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 


 
2

 
 
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting under Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The Securities Exchange Act of 1934 defines this as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the Company’s principal executive and principal financial officers and effected by the Company’s Board of Directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and includes those policies and procedures that:

 
·
Pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company;
 
·
Provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and
 
·
Provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that may have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015. In making this assessment, the Company’s management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013).

Based upon our assessment and those criteria, management concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2015.

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, our independent auditors, has issued an audit report on internal control over financial reporting for the Company as of December 31, 2015, which is included herein.
 
“Robert A. Quartermain” 
Robert A. Quartermain
Chief Executive Officer
“Tom S. Q. Yip”
Tom S. Q. Yip
Chief Financial Officer
 
March 10, 2016

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
3

 


 

March 10, 2016
 
Independent Auditor’s Report
 

To the Shareholders of Pretium Resources Inc.

We have completed integrated audits of Pretium Resources Inc.’s (the Company) December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 consolidated financial statements and its internal control over financial reporting as at December 31, 2015. Our opinions, based on our audits are presented below.
 
Report on the consolidated financial statements
 
We have audited the accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company, which comprise the consolidated statements of financial position as at December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 and the consolidated statements of loss and comprehensive loss, cash flows and changes in equity for the years then ended, and the related notes, which comprise a summary of significant accounting policies and other explanatory information.
 
Management’s responsibility for the consolidated financial statements
 
Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of these consolidated financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board and for such internal control as management determines is necessary to enable the preparation of consolidated financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
 
Auditor’s responsibility
 
Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards and the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free from material misstatement. Canadian generally accepted auditing standards also require that we comply with ethical requirements.
 
An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence, on a test basis, about the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. The procedures selected depend on the auditor’s judgment, including the assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, the auditor considers internal control relevant to the Company’s preparation and fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances. An audit also includes evaluating the appropriateness of accounting principles and policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements.
 
We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained in our audits is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion on the consolidated financial statements.
 
 
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
PricewaterhouseCoopers Place, 250 Howe Street, Suite 700, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6C 3S7
T: +1 604 806 7000, F: +1 604 806 7806, www.pwc.com/ca
 
“PwC” refers to PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an Ontario limited liability partnership.
 
 

 
4

 


 
Opinion
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Pretium Resources Inc. as at December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 and its financial performance and its cash flows for the years then ended in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.
 
Report on internal control over financial reporting
We have also audited Pretium Resources Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as at December 31, 2015, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013), issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
 
Management’s responsibility for internal control over financial reporting
 
Management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Controls over Financial Reporting.
 
Auditor’s responsibility
 
Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We conducted our audit of internal control over financial reporting in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal    control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
 
An audit of internal control over financial reporting includes obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control, based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we consider necessary in the circumstances.
 
We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our audit opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
Definition of internal control over financial reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that: (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding  prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets  that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
 

 
5

 
 

Inherent limitations
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
 
Opinion
In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as at December 31, 2015, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.

 

signed “PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP”
 
Chartered Professional Accountants
Vancouver, British Columbia March 10, 2016

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

 
6

 

 
PRETIUM RESOURCES INC.
                 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION
                 
(Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars)
                 
                   
         
December 31,
   
December 31,
 
   
Note
   
2015
   
2014
 
                   
ASSETS
                 
                   
Current assets
                 
Cash and cash equivalents
        $ 387,925     $ 34,495  
Receivables and other
  6       20,406       12,552  
            408,331       47,047  
Non-current assets
                     
Mineral properties, plant and equipment
  7       1,021,415       768,072  
Other assets
  9       41,504       -  
Restricted cash
  10       8,495       1,697  
            1,071,414       769,769  
Total assets
        $ 1,479,745     $ 816,816  
                       
LIABILITIES
                     
                       
Current liabilities
                     
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
  8     $ 48,004     $ 13,277  
            48,004       13,277  
Non-current liabilities
                     
Long-term debt
  9       428,829       -  
Decommissioning and restoration provision
  10       7,253       2,096  
Deferred income tax
  15       28,018       22,212  
            512,104       37,585  
                       
EQUITY
                     
                       
Share capital
  11       986,579       795,034  
Contributed surplus
  11       57,369       59,970  
Deficit
          (76,307 )     (75,773 )
            967,641       779,231  
Total liabilities and equity
        $ 1,479,745     $ 816,816  
                       
Commitments
  16                  
Contingencies
  17                  
Subsequent events
  18                  


On behalf of the Board:
     
 
“Ross A. Mitchell”
 
 
“George N. Paspalas”
 
Ross A. Mitchell
(Chairman of Audit Committee)
 
George N. Paspalas
(Director)
 


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 
7

 

PRETIUM RESOURCES INC.
                 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF LOSS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
 
(Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for share data)
 
                   
         
Year ended December 31,
 
   
Note
   
2015
   
2014
 
                   
EXPENSES
                 
                   
Share-based compensation
  11     $ 6,181     $ 2,848  
Salaries
          4,599       1,894  
Office
          1,625       1,137  
Investor relations
          1,430       1,106  
Professional fees
          540       983  
Insurance
          533       345  
Travel and accommodation
          404       220  
Listing and filing fees
          343       264  
Consulting
          126       96  
Amortization
  7       88       70  
Gain on sale of equipment
          (47 )     -  
                       
Operating loss
          (15,822 )     (8,963 )
                       
Foreign exchange (loss) gain
          (3,082 )     344  
Financing and interest costs
          (378 )     -  
Accretion of decommissioning and restoration provision
  10       (85 )     (36 )
Interest income
          714       406  
Gain on financial instruments at fair value
  9       24,110       -  
                       
Income (loss) before taxes
          5,457       (8,249 )
                       
Deferred income tax expense
  15       (5,991 )     (4,196 )
                       
Net loss and comprehensive loss for the year
    $ (534 )   $ (12,445 )
                       
                       
Basic and diluted loss per common share
        $ (0.00 )   $ (0.11 )
                       
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding
      135,203,897       111,308,353  

 
 
 
 
 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 
8

 
 
PRETIUM RESOURCES INC.
                 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
                 
(Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars)
                 
                   
         
Year ended December 31,
 
   
Note
   
2015
   
2014
 
                   
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
                 
Net loss for the year
        $ (534 )   $ (12,445 )
Items not affecting cash:
                     
Accretion of decommissioning and restoration provision
          85       36  
Amortization
          88       70  
Gain on financial instruments at fair value
  9       (24,110 )     -  
Deferred income tax expense
  15       5,991       4,196  
Gain on sale of equipment
          (47 )     -  
Share-based compensation
  11       6,181       2,848  
Unrealized foreign exchange loss
          3,119       -  
Changes in non-cash working capital items:
                     
Receivables and other
          (1,816 )     (621 )
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
          115       611  
Net cash used in operating activities
          (10,928 )     (5,305 )
                       
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
                     
Proceeds from credit facility, net
          192,291       -  
Proceeds from stream financing
          198,750       -  
Common shares issued
  11       159,126       93,784  
Share issue costs
          (4,681 )     (6,217 )
Proceeds from exercise of stock options
          24,171       -  
Net cash generated by financing activities
          569,657       87,567  
                       
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
                     
Expenditures on mineral properties, plant and equipment
  7       (203,224 )     (68,725 )
Mineral recoveries
  7       210       9,872  
Proceeds from sale of equipment
          121       -  
Restricted cash
  10       (6,798 )     (489 )
Net cash used in investing activities
          (209,691 )     (59,342 )
                       
Change in cash and cash equivalents for the year
          349,038       22,920  
                       
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of the year
          34,495       11,575  
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
                 
            4,392       -  
Cash and cash equivalents, end of the year
        $ 387,925     $ 34,495  
                       
Supplemental cash flow information
  13                  

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 
9

 
 
PRETIUM RESOURCES INC.
                                   
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
                   
(Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for share data)
                   
                                     
   
Note
   
Number of common shares
   
Share capital
   
Contributed surplus
   
Deficit
   
Total
 
Balance - December 31, 2013
          105,051,050     $ 707,546     $ 53,821     $ (63,328 )   $ 698,039  
                                               
Shares issued under flow-through agreement
  11       3,425,327       26,307       -       -       26,307  
                                               
Shares issued under marketed offering
  11       7,855,650       61,868       -       -       61,868  
                                               
Shares issued under private placement
  11       496,054       3,916       -       -       3,916  
                                               
Share issue costs
          -       (6,217 )     -       -       (6,217 )
                                               
Deferred income tax on share issue costs
    -       1,614       -       -       1,614  
                                               
Value assigned to options vested
      -       -       6,149       -       6,149  
                                               
Loss for the year
          -       -       -       (12,445 )     (12,445 )
                                               
Balance - December 31, 2014
          116,828,081     $ 795,034     $ 59,970     $ (75,773 )   $ 779,231  
                                               
Shares issued under private placement
  11       23,430,324       152,126                       152,126  
                                               
Shares issued under flow-through agreement
  11       800,000       5,968                       5,968  
                                               
Share issue costs
  11               (4,681 )                     (4,681 )
                                               
Deferred income tax on share issue costs
      1,218                       1,218  
                                               
Shares issued upon exercise of options
  11       4,010,000       36,914       (12,743 )             24,171  
                                               
Value assigned to options vested
  11                       10,142               10,142  
                                               
Loss for the year
                                  (534 )     (534 )
                                               
Balance - December 31, 2015
          145,068,405     $ 986,579     $ 57,369     $ (76,307 )   $ 967,641  

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 
10

 
PRETIUM RESOURCES INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014
(Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for share data)
 
 
 
1. 
NATURE OF OPERATIONS
 
Pretium Resources Inc. (the "Company") was incorporated under the laws of the Province of British Columbia, Canada on October 22, 2010. The address of the Company’s registered office is Suite 2300, Four Bentall Centre, 1055 Dunsmuir Street, PO Box 49334, Vancouver, BC, V7X 1L4.

The Company is in the business of acquiring, owning, evaluating and developing gold/silver/copper mineral interests and owns the Brucejack and Snowfield Projects located in Northwest British Columbia, Canada. The Company is in the process of developing the Brucejack Project and exploring the Snowfield Project.

The Company’s continuing operations and the underlying value and recoverability of the amount shown for mineral properties, plant and equipment is entirely dependent upon the existence of economically recoverable mineral reserves and resources, the ability of the Company to obtain the necessary financing to complete exploration and development, the ability to obtain the necessary permits to mine for exploration and evaluation assets, and future profitable production or proceeds from the disposition of the projects.

2. 
BASIS OF PREPARATION
 
These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”).

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis except for financial instruments classified as fair value through profit or loss (“FVTPL”) which are stated at their fair value.

These consolidated financial statements were authorized for issue by the Board of Directors on March 10, 2016.

3. 
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
 
Basis of consolidation

These consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company and the entities controlled by the Company, its subsidiaries, listed in the following table:
 
Name of subsidiary
Place of incorporation
Proportion of ownership interest
Principal activity
Pretium Exploration Inc.
British Columbia, Canada
100%
Holds interest in the Brucejack and Snowfield Projects
0890696 BC Ltd.
British Columbia,
Canada
100%
Holds real estate in Stewart, British Columbia
 


 

 
11

 
PRETIUM RESOURCES INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014
(Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for share data)
 
 
 
3.
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont’d)
 
Control is defined as the exposure, or rights, to variable returns from involvement with an investee and the ability to affect those returns through power over the investee. Power over an investee exists when the Company has existing rights that give the Company the ability to direct the activities that significantly affect the investee’s returns. This control is generally evidenced through owning more than 50% of the voting rights or currently exercisable potential voting rights of a subsidiary’s share capital. The financial statements of subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date that control commences until the date that control ceases.

Intercompany balances and transactions, including any unrealized income and expenses arising from intercompany transactions, are eliminated in preparing the consolidated financial statements.

Foreign currency translation

Functional and presentation currency

Items included in the financial statements of each consolidated entity are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (the “functional currency”). The functional currency of the Company and its subsidiaries is the Canadian dollar. These consolidated financial statements are presented in Canadian dollars, which is the Company’s presentation currency.

Transactions and balances

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions or valuations where items are re-measured. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation at period end exchange rates of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognized in profit or loss for the year.

Financial instruments

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash holdings in business and savings accounts held at major financial institutions with an original maturity date of three months or less.

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash are classified as loans and receivables and are recorded at amortized cost. Interest income is recognized by applying the effective interest rate.

Receivables

Receivables are classified as loans and receivables and accordingly are recorded initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method, less any impairment losses.
 

 
12

 
PRETIUM RESOURCES INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014
(Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for share data)
 
 
 
3.
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont’d)
 
Derivatives

Derivative instruments, including embedded derivatives, are recorded at fair value through profit or loss and, accordingly, are recorded on the statement of financial position at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses on derivatives held for trading are recorded in profit or loss for the year. Fair values for derivative instruments are determined using valuation techniques, with assumptions based on market conditions existing at the statement of financial position date or settlement date of the derivative.

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities and debt

Accounts payable, accrued liabilities and debt are classified as other financial liabilities and are recognized initially at fair value, net of any directly attributable transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition these financial liabilities are held at amortized cost using the effective interest method.

Impairment of financial assets

Financial assets are assessed for indicators of impairment at the end of each reporting year. Financial assets are considered to be impaired when there is objective evidence that, as a result of one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the financial asset, the estimated future cash flows of the investment have been adversely impacted.

Plant and equipment

Plant and equipment are carried at cost, less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses. Cost comprises the fair value of consideration given to acquire an asset and includes the direct charges associated with bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for putting it into use along with the future cost of dismantling and removing the asset. When parts of an item of plant and equipment have different useful lives, they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of plant and equipment.

Plant and equipment are amortized over the estimated useful life of the assets using the straight line method to allocate their cost to their residual values over their estimated lives, as follows:
 
Camp infrastructure and buildings
10 – 25 years
Mine and exploration equipment
5 years
Office equipment, computer hardware and software
3 – 5 years
 
 
Amortization of plant and equipment commences when the asset is substantially complete and available for its intended use. The Company reviews residual values, amortization methods and useful lives annually. Any changes in estimates that arise from the review are accounted for prospectively.
 
Mineral property development costs
 
Mineral properties consists of the Brucejack Project carried at cost, less accumulated depletion. Costs of project development including gaining access to underground resources are capitalized to mineral properties. Once the mineral property is in production, it will be depleted using the units-of-production method. Depletion is determined each period using gold equivalent ounces mined over the asset’s estimated recoverable reserves.

 

 
13

 
PRETIUM RESOURCES INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014
(Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for share data)
 
 

3.
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont’d)
 
Construction in progress

Costs recorded for assets under construction are capitalized as construction in progress. On completion, the cost of construction is transferred to the appropriate category of plant and equipment. No amortization is recorded until the assets are substantially complete and available for their intended use.

Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset that takes a substantial period of time to prepare for its intended use are capitalized as part of the cost of the asset. Capitalization of borrowing costs begin when there are borrowings and activities commence to prepare an asset for its intended use. Capitalization of borrowing costs ends when substantially all activity necessary to prepare a qualifying asset for its intended use are complete. When proceeds of project specific borrowings are invested on a temporary basis, borrowing costs are capitalized net of any investment income.

Exploration and evaluation expenditures

Exploration and evaluation expenditures include the costs of acquiring licenses and costs associated with exploration and evaluation activity. Exploration and evaluation expenditures are capitalized. Mineral property acquisition costs are capitalized. Exploration and evaluation costs incurred before the Company has obtained the legal rights to explore an area are expensed.

Once the technical feasibility and commercial viability of the extraction of mineral reserves or resources from a particular mineral property has been determined, expenditures are reclassified to mineral property development costs within mineral properties, plant and equipment and are carried at cost until the properties to which the expenditures relate are sold, abandoned or determined by management to be impaired in value.

The establishment of technical feasibility and commercial viability of a mineral property is assessed based on a combination of factors, including:
 
 
·
The extent to which mineral reserves or mineral resources as defined in National Instrument 43-101 (“NI 43-101”) have been identified through a feasibility study or similar document;
 
·
The results of optimization studies and further technical evaluation carried out to mitigate project risks identified in the feasibility study;
 
·
The status of environmental permits; and
 
·
The status of mining leases or permits.
 
 
Exploration and evaluation assets are tested for impairment immediately prior to reclassification to mineral property development costs.

Mineral exploration tax credits

Mineral exploration tax credits on eligible mineral exploration expenditures incurred are treated as a reduction of capitalized mineral properties. The credits are recorded when the amount is reliably measurable and it is considered probable that the tax credit will be recovered.

 
14

 
PRETIUM RESOURCES INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014
(Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for share data)
 
 
 
3.
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont’d)
 
Mineral recoveries

The incidental proceeds from the sale of gold recovered from activities conducted during the exploration and evaluation stage are offset against the carrying value of the associated mineral properties, plant and equipment.

Impairment of non-financial assets

The carrying amounts of assets included in mineral properties, plant and equipment are reviewed for impairment whenever facts and circumstances suggest that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable. If there are indicators of impairment, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of any impairment. Where the asset does not generate cash flows that are independent from other assets, the recoverable amount of the cash generating unit to which the asset belongs is determined. The recoverable amount of an asset or cash generating unit is determined as the higher of its fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. An impairment loss exists if the asset’s carrying amount exceeds the recoverable amount, and is recorded as an expense immediately.

Value in use is determined as the present value of the future cash flows expected to be derived from continuing use of an asset or cash generating unit in its present form. These estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset or cash generating unit for which estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted.

Fair value is the price that would be received from selling an asset in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Costs of disposal are incremental costs directly attributable to the disposal of an asset. Estimated future cash flows are calculated using estimated future prices, mineral reserves and resources and operating and capital costs. All inputs used are those that an independent market participant would consider appropriate.

Tangible assets that have been impaired in prior periods are tested for possible reversal of impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the impairment has reversed. If the impairment has reversed, the carrying amount of the asset is increased to its recoverable amount, but not beyond the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in the prior periods. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognized into profit or loss immediately.

Decommissioning and restoration provision

An obligation to incur decommissioning and environmental costs arises when environmental disturbance is caused by the exploration or development of a mineral property. Such costs are estimated and discounted to their net present value and capitalized to the carrying amount of the related asset along with the recording of a corresponding liability, as soon as the obligation to incur such costs arises. Discount rates using a pre-tax rate that reflect risks specific to the liability are used to calculate the net present value. The liability is adjusted each year for the unwinding of the discount rate, changes to the current market-based discount rate, and for the amount or timing of the underlying cash flows needed to settle the obligation.
 
 
 
 

 
15

 
PRETIUM RESOURCES INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014
(Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for share data)
 
 
 
3.
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont’d)
 
Income taxes

Income tax is recognized in profit or loss except to the extent that it relates to items recognized directly in equity, in which case it is recognized in equity.

Deferred tax is provided for temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for taxation purposes. Temporary differences are not provided for the initial recognition of assets or liabilities that affect neither accounting nor taxable profit. The amount of deferred tax provided is based on the expected manner of realization or settlement of the carrying amount of assets and liabilities, using tax rates at the end of the reporting year applicable to the year of expected realization.

A deferred tax asset is recognized only to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which the asset can be utilized.

Share capital

Common shares are classified as equity. Transaction costs directly attributable to the issue of common shares and share options are recognized as a deduction from equity, net of any tax effects.

Flow-through shares

The issuance of flow-through common shares results in the tax deductibility of the qualifying resource expenditures funded from the proceeds of the sale of such shares being transferred to the purchasers of the shares. On the issuance of such shares, the Company bifurcates the flow-through shares into: a flow-through share premium, equal to the estimated premium that investors pay for the flow-through feature, which is recognized as a liability, and share capital. As the related exploration expenditures are incurred, the Company derecognizes the premium liability and recognizes a related income tax recovery.

Share-based payment transactions

Options granted under the Company’s equity settled share-based option plan are measured at fair value at the date of grant and recognized as an expense with a corresponding increase in contributed surplus in equity. An individual is classified as an employee when the individual is an employee for legal or tax purposes (direct employee) or provides services similar to those performed by a direct employee. Equity-settled share-based payment transactions with non-employees are measured at the fair value of the goods or services received. However, if the fair value cannot be estimated reliably, the share-based payment transaction is measured at the fair value of the equity instruments granted at the date the non-employee receives the goods or the services.

Cash-settled payment transactions such as Restricted Share Units (“RSU’s”) are initially measured at fair value at the date of grant and recognized as an expense with a corresponding accrued liability with subsequent re-measurement to fair value at each reporting date.
 
 

 
16

 
PRETIUM RESOURCES INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014
(Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for share data)
 
 
 
3.
SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Cont’d)
 
The fair value at grant date of all share-based payments is recognized as share-based compensation expense over the period for which benefits of services are expected to be derived, with a corresponding credit to contributed surplus or accrued liabilities depending on whether they are equity-settled or cash-settled. The fair value of stock options granted is estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The fair value of RSU’s is estimated based on the quoted market price of the Company’s common shares. When awards are forfeited, the expense previously recognized is proportionately reversed. When share-based payments are granted in exchange for services directly related to specific exploration or development projects, the expense is capitalized to that asset.

Loss per share

The Company presents basic and diluted loss per share data for its common shares, calculated by dividing the loss attributable to common shareholders of the Company by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Diluted loss per share is determined by adjusting the loss attributable to common shareholders and the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the effects of all dilutive potential common shares.
 
4. 
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND JUDGMENTS
 
Key sources of judgment and estimation uncertainty

The preparation of financial statements requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires management to exercise its judgment in the process of applying its accounting policies. Estimates and other judgments are regularly evaluated and are based on management’s experience and other factors, including expectations about future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. The following discusses the most significant accounting judgments and estimates that the Company has made in the preparation of the financial statements that could result in a material effect in the next financial year on the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities:
 
 
·
Impairment of exploration and evaluation assets

The application of the Company’s accounting policy for impairment of exploration and evaluation assets requires judgment to determine whether indicators of impairment exist including factors such as, the period for which the Company has the right to explore, expected renewals of exploration rights, whether substantive expenditures on further exploration and evaluation of resource properties are budgeted and results of exploration and evaluation activities up to the reporting date. Management has assessed impairment indicators on the Company’s exploration and evaluation assets and has concluded that no impairment indicators exist as of December 31, 2015.

 
·
Determination of commercial viability and technical feasibility of the Brucejack Project

The application of the Company’s accounting policy for mineral property development costs requires judgment to determine when technical feasibility and commercial viability of the Brucejack Project was demonstrable. The Company considered the positive NI 43-101 compliant Feasibility Study, the receipt of key environmental permits and the completed construction financing and concluded that commercial viability and technical feasibility of the Brucejack Project had been confirmed in the quarter ended September 30, 2015. At this point, the asset was reclassified to mineral properties and construction in progress and tested for impairment.

 
 

 
17

 
PRETIUM RESOURCES INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014
(Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for share data)
 
 
 
4.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND JUDGMENTS (Cont’d)

 
·
Impairment of mineral properties, plant and equipment

The application of the Company’s accounting policy for impairment of mineral properties, plant and equipment requires judgment to determine whether indicators of impairment exist. The review of impairment indicators includes consideration of both external and internal sources of information, including factors such as market and economic conditions, metal prices and forecasts, commercial viability and technical feasibility and estimated project economics. Management has assessed impairment indicators on the Company’s mineral properties, plant and equipment and has concluded that no impairment indicators exist as of December 31, 2015.

 
·
Fair value of derivatives and other financial liabilities

The fair value of financial instruments that are not traded in an active market are determined using valuation techniques. Management uses its judgment to select a variety of methods and make assumptions that are mainly based on market conditions existing at the end of each reporting period. Refer to Note 9 and 14 for further details on the methods and assumptions associated with the construction financing.

5. 
NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS AND RECENT PRONOUNCEMENTS
 
New standards, amendments and interpretations not yet adopted

A number of new standards and amendments to standards and interpretations that have been issued but are not yet effective. None of these are expected to have a significant effect on the consolidated financial statements except the following:
 
 
·
IFRS 9, Financial Instruments, addresses the classification, measurement and recognition of financial assets and financial liabilities. It replaces the guidance in IAS 39, Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement that relate to the classification and measurement of financial instruments. IFRS 9 retains but simplifies the mixed measurement model and establishes three primary measurement categories for financial assets: amortized cost, fair value through other comprehensive income and fair value through profit or loss. The basis of classification depends on the entity’s business model for managing its financial instruments and the contractual cash flow characteristics of the instrument. For financial liabilities, the standard retains most of the IAS 39 requirements. The main change for liabilities is that, in cases where the fair value option is taken for financial liabilities, the part of a fair value change due to an entity’s own credit risk is recorded in other comprehensive income (loss) rather than in net earnings. IFRS 9 is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact of IFRS 9.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

 
18

 
PRETIUM RESOURCES INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014
(Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for share data)
 
 
 
5.
NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS AND RECENT PRONOUNCEMENTS (Cont’d)

 
·
IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with Customers deals with revenue recognition and establishes principles for reporting useful information to users of financial statements about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from an entity’s contracts with customers. Revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of a good or service and thus has the ability to direct the use and obtain the benefits from the good or service. The standard replaces IAS 18, Revenue and IAS 11, Construction contracts and related interpretations. The standard is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company currently does not have any revenue however, prior to commencement of commercial production, the Company will assess the impact of IFRS 15.

 
·
IFRS 16, Leases addresses accounting for leases and lease obligations. It replaces the existing leasing guidance in IAS 17, Leases. The objective of the new standard is to report all leases on the statement of financial position and to define how leases and lease liabilities are measured. IFRS 16 is effective January 1, 2019 with early adoption permitted for companies that also apply IFRS 15. The Company is currently assessing the impact of IFRS 16.
 
There are no other IFRS’s or IFRIC interpretations that are not yet effective that are expected to have a material impact on the Company.

6. 
RECEIVABLES AND OTHER

   
December 31,
2015
   
December 31,
2014
 
BC Mineral Exploration Tax Credit receivable
  $ 13,207     $ 9,740  
Taxes receivable
    4,790       1,651  
Prepayments and deposits
    2,386       526  
Other receivables
    23       121  
Gold sales receivable
    -       514  
    $ 20,406     $ 12,552  



 
19

 
PRETIUM RESOURCES INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014
(Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for share data)
 
 

7. 
MINERAL PROPERTIES, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
 
   
Mineral properties
   
Construction in progress
   
Plant and equipment
   
Exploration and evaluation assets
   
Total
 
                               
Year ended December 31, 2014
                             
                               
Cost
                             
Balance, beginning of year
  $ -     $ -     $ 11,506     $ 452,178     $ 463,684  
Additions
    -       -       1,930       320,385       322,315  
Recoveries
    -       -       -       (13,325 )     (13,325 )
Balance, end of year
  $ -     $ -     $ 13,436     $ 759,238     $ 772,674  
                                         
Accumulated depreciation and depletion
                                 
Balance, beginning of year
  $ -     $ -     $ 2,848     $ -     $ 2,848  
Amortization and depletion
    -       -       1,754       -       1,754  
Balance, end of year
  $ -     $ -     $ 4,602     $ -     $ 4,602  
                                         
Net book value - December 31, 2014
  $ -     $ -     $ 8,834     $ 759,238     $ 768,072  
                                         
Year ended December 31, 2015
                                       
                                         
Cost
                                       
Balance, beginning of year
  $ -     $ -     $ 13,436     $ 759,238     $ 772,674  
Additions
    -       91,436       7,135       159,158       257,729  
Recoveries
    (2,063 )     -       -       -       (2,063 )
Disposals
    -       -       (234 )     -       (234 )
Transfer from exploration and
                                       
evaluation assets
    515,369       83,811       -       (599,180 )     -  
Balance, end of year
  $ 513,306     $ 175,247     $ 20,337     $ 319,216     $ 1,028,106  
                                         
Accumulated depreciation and depletion
                                 
Balance, beginning of year
  $ -     $ -     $ 4,602     $ -     $ 4,602  
Amortization and depletion
    -       -       2,249       -       2,249  
Disposals
    -       -       (160 )     -       (160 )
Balance, end of year
  $ -     $ -     $ 6,691     $ -     $ 6,691  
                                         
Net book value - December 31, 2015
  $ 513,306     $ 175,247     $ 13,646     $ 319,216     $ 1,021,415  
 
 
Recoveries consist of BC Mineral Exploration Tax Credits receivable from the Government of Canada and incidental proceeds from the sale of gold recovered.

Mineral properties

Mineral properties consist solely of the Brucejack Project. The Company and the Nisga’a Nation have entered into a comprehensive Cooperation and Benefits Agreement in respect of the Brucejack Project. Under the terms of the Agreement, the Nisga’a Nation will provide ongoing support for the development and operation of Brucejack with participation in its economic benefits.

The Brucejack Project is subject to a 1.2% net smelter returns royalty on production in excess of 503,386 ounces of gold and 17,907,080 ounces of silver.
 

 
20

 
PRETIUM RESOURCES INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014
(Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for share data)
 
 

7.
MINERAL PROPERTIES, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT (Cont’d)
 
On July 31, 2015, the Company received an Environmental Assessment Decision Statement from the Federal Minister of the Environment which found that the Brucejack Project was not likely to cause significant adverse environmental effects. Subsequent to this, the British Columbia Minister of Energy and Mines issued a Mines Act Permit approving the mine plan and reclamation program allowing commercial production at the Brucejack Project. With receipt of the permits, the development decision from the Board of Directors and the completion of the construction financing, the Brucejack Project has transitioned from an exploration and evaluation asset under IFRS 6 to mineral properties, plant and equipment under IAS 16.

At the time of the transition from exploration and evaluation to mineral properties, plant and equipment, the Company completed an impairment test as required by IFRS 6. The impairment test compared the carrying amount of the Brucejack Project to its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of the fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. The Company estimated the recoverable amount based on the fair value less costs of disposal using a discounted cash flow model with feasibility study economics. The significant assumptions that impact the resulting fair value include future gold and silver prices, exchange rates, capital cost estimates, operating cost estimates, estimated reserves and resources and the discount rate. Upon completion of the impairment test, the Company concluded there was no impairment.

Plant and equipment

During the year ended December 31, 2015, $88 (2014 - $70) of amortization was recognized in the statement of loss and $2,161 (2014 - $1,684) was capitalized within mineral properties.

Exploration and evaluation assets

Exploration and evaluation assets consists primarily of the Snowfield Project as well as additional regional drilling.

8. 
ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AND ACCRUED LIABILITIES
 
   
December 31,
   
December 31,
 
   
2015
   
2014
 
             
Trade payables
  $ 27,436     $ 9,315  
Accrued liabilities
    20,501       3,900  
Restricted share unit liability
    67       62  
    $ 48,004     $ 13,277  


 
21

 
PRETIUM RESOURCES INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014
(Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for share data)
 
 

9. 
LONG-TERM DEBT
 
On September 21, 2015, the Company closed a construction financing comprised of a credit facility for US$350,000, an offtake agreement, a US$150,000 callable gold and silver stream agreement and a private placement of common shares for US$40,000. The Company received credit facility proceeds of US$150,000, before an arrangement fee of US$4,500, gold and silver stream proceeds of US$150,000 and common share proceeds of US$40,000 upon closing.

The Company recorded the following at closing:
 
         
Assets
       
Loan commitment under senior secured term credit facility
(US$23,589)
  $ 31,530  
Embedded derivatives in senior secured term credit facility
(US$5,152)
    6,826  
Total
    $ 38,356  
           
Liabilities
         
Senior secured term credit facility (a):
         
Principal drawn
(US$150,000)
  $ 198,750  
Adjustment to carrying amount
      (35,230 )
Total
    $ 163,520  
           
Offtake obligation (b)
(US$50,662)
  $ 67,127  
           
           
Stream obligation (c)
(US$150,000)
  $ 198,750  
           
           
Equity
         
Common shares
(US$40,000)
  $ 53,000  
 
 
Transaction costs associated with the credit facility and common shares have been recorded as part of the associated financing. Transaction costs attributable to the offtake and stream obligations have been expensed as incurred.

Pursuant to the construction financing agreements, the Company is subject to a number of non-financial covenants, including restrictions on future financings while amounts remain outstanding under the senior secured term credit facility.

As at December 31, 2015, the Company’s long-term debt consisted of the following:
 
   
Senior secured term credit facility
   
Offtake obligation
   
Stream obligation
   
Total long-term debt
 
Balance, December 31, 2014
  $ -     $ -     $ -     $ -  
Issuance on closing of construction financing
    163,520       67,127       198,750       429,397  
Interest expense including amortization of discount
    6,270       -       -       6,270  
Gain on financial instruments at fair value
    -       (2,421 )     (11,928 )     (14,349 )
Foreign exchange loss
    7,511       -       -       7,511  
Balance, December 31, 2015
  $ 177,301     $ 64,706     $ 186,822     $ 428,829  


 
22

 
PRETIUM RESOURCES INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014
(Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for share data)
 
 

9.
LONG-TERM DEBT (Cont’d)

 
(a)
Senior secured term credit facility

Pursuant to the terms of the senior secured term credit facility, the Company can borrow up to US$350,000, which bears interest at a stated rate of 7.5%, compounded quarterly and payable upon maturity. The credit facility is secured by substantially all of the assets of the Company and its subsidiaries.

On September 21, 2015, the Company received the initial advance of US$150,000. Subsequent advances will be available starting 6 months following the closing date and ending 18 months following the closing date. Each subsequent advance shall be for a minimum of US$5,000 and a maximum of US$50,000 and is subject to a 3% arrangement fee at the time of draw.

The credit facility matures December 31, 2018 and is subject to an extension for one year, at the Company’s option upon payment of an extension fee of 2.5% of the principal amount, including accumulated interest. The Company has the right to repay at par plus accrued interest after the second anniversary of closing and upon payment of 2.5% of principal prior to the second anniversary.

The Company has determined the prepayment and extension options in the credit facility are embedded derivatives that are required to be separated from the credit facility obligations and recorded at fair value initially and at each statement of financial position date, with changes in fair value recorded in profit or loss. These embedded derivatives are recorded on the statement of financial position as other assets. From inception to December 31, 2015, the change in fair value of these embedded derivatives was a fair value gain of $3,148.

In conjunction with the credit facility, the Company entered into an agreement to sell the gold produced at the Brucejack Project (the “Offtake obligation”). The Offtake obligation (discussed below), compensates for a lower stated interest rate on the credit facility and is presented as a reduction to the carrying amount of the drawn portion of the credit facility and an asset representing the initial fair value of the undrawn loan commitment. As the balance of the credit facility is drawn, the loan commitment will be reclassified as a reduction in the resulting loan and amortized over the life of the associated liability on an effective interest rate basis.

As a result of the impact of the Offtake obligation, the arrangement fees and the prepayment and extension options, the effective interest rate on the drawn portion of the credit facility is 13.7%. From inception to December 31, 2015, the Company capitalized $6,270 of interest on the credit facility to mineral properties, plant and equipment.

 
(b)
Offtake obligation

The Company has entered into an agreement pursuant to which it will sell 100% of refined gold (in excess of any delivered ounces pursuant to the stream obligation) up to 7,067,000 ounces. The final purchase price to be paid by the purchaser will be, at the purchaser’s option, a market referenced gold price in US dollars per ounce during a defined pricing period before and after the date of each sale.

The Company has the option to reduce the Offtake obligation by up to 75% by paying (a) US$11 per remaining ounce effective December 31, 2018 or (b) US$13 per ounce effective December 31, 2019 on the then remaining undelivered gold ounces.



 
23

 
PRETIUM RESOURCES INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014
(Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for share data)
 
 

9.
LONG-TERM DEBT (Cont’d)
 
The Company has determined the Offtake obligation represents a derivative liability. Accordingly, the Offtake obligation, which is primarily a function of the purchaser’s gold price option feature, is re-measured at fair value at each statement of financial position date, with changes in fair value being recorded in profit or loss. From inception to December 31, 2015, the change in fair value of the Offtake obligation was a fair value gain of $2,421.
 
 
(c)
Stream obligation

The Company has entered into a stream arrangement from which it received a US$150,000 deposit on September 21, 2015. Pursuant to the stream, the Company is obligated to deliver, subject to prepayment options, 8% of up to 7,067,000 ounces of refined gold and 8% of up to 26,297,000 ounces of refined silver commencing on January 1, 2020 (less gold and silver sold to date) and a payment of US$20,000. Upon delivery, the Company is entitled to (a) for gold, the lesser of US$400 per ounce and the gold market price and (b) for silver, the lesser of US$4 per ounce and the silver market price. Any excess of market over the fixed prices above are credited against the deposit. Any remaining uncredited balance of the deposit is repayable, without interest, upon the earlier of the date (i) the aggregate stated gold and silver quantities have been delivered and (ii) 40 years.

The Company has the option to repurchase the stream obligation for US$237,000 on December 31, 2018 or US$272,000 on December 31, 2019. Alternatively, the Company may reduce the stream obligation to (a) 3% on December 31, 2018 (and accelerate deliveries under the stream to January 1, 2019) or (b) 4% on December 31, 2019 (in which case deliveries will commence on January 1, 2020) on payment of US$150,000.

In the event of certain change of control events prior to January 1, 2020 (or the date the deposit is reduced to nil, if earlier), the Company and the counterparty each have an option pursuant to which the Company would repurchase the stream obligation in exchange equal to the greater of (a) 13.6% of consideration received as a result of the triggering event and (b) an amount that will result in the counterparty receiving a 15% annualized return on the stream obligation.

The Company has determined that the stream obligation is in substance a debt instrument with embedded derivatives linked to gold and silver commodity prices and interest rates. The Company has elected to measure the stream obligation in its entirety at fair value through profit or loss. The stream obligation will be re-measured at fair value at each statement of financial position date, with changes in the fair value being recorded in profit or loss. From inception to December 31, 2015, the stream obligation decreased by $11,928. As the stream is in substance a debt instrument, the effective interest on the debt host is capitalized as a borrowing cost during the development of the Brucejack Project. From inception to December 31, 2015, the Company capitalized $6,613 of interest on the stream debt to mineral properties, plant and equipment. The capitalized interest was reclassified from the gain on financial instruments at fair value recorded in the statement of loss. The effective interest rate on the stream obligation is 9.5%.





 
24

 
PRETIUM RESOURCES INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014
(Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for share data)
 
 

10. 
DECOMMISSIONING AND RESTORATION PROVISION

 
(a)
Reclamation bonds

In relation to the Brucejack Project, the Company has $8,495 of restricted cash (2014 - $1,697) which includes $5,567 in the form of Guaranteed Investment Certificates and Letters of Credit as security deposits with various government agencies in relation to decommissioning and restoration provisions.

 
(b)
Decommissioning and restoration provision

The Company has a liability for remediation of current and past disturbances associated with the exploration and development activities at the Brucejack and Snowfield Projects. The decommissioning and restoration provision is as follows:
 
   
December 31,
   
December 31,
 
   
2015
   
2014
 
Opening balance
  $ 2,096     $ 1,900  
Change in discount rate
    (696 )     -  
Change in amount and timing of cash flows
    5,768       160  
Accretion
    85       36  
Ending balance
  $ 7,253     $ 2,096  

In 2015, the provision increased due to continued development of the Brucejack Project. The Company used an inflation rate of 1.9% (2014 – 1.8%) and a discount rate of 2.4% (2014 – 1.9%) in calculating the estimated obligation. The liability for retirement and remediation on an undiscounted basis before inflation is $8,062 (2014 - $2,032).

11. 
CAPITAL AND RESERVES

 
(a)
Authorized share capital

At December 31, 2015, the authorized share capital consisted of an unlimited number of common shares without par value and an unlimited number of preferred shares with no par value.

On September 21, 2015, as part of the construction financing, the Company completed a private placement of 7,696,008 common shares at US$5.1975 per share for gross proceeds of US$40,000 (before share issue costs of US$686).

On June 8, 2015, the Company completed a private placement of 800,000 flow-through common shares at a price of $8.75 per flow-through share for gross proceeds of $7,000. The Company bifurcated the gross proceeds between share capital of $5,968 (before share issue costs of $127) and flow-through share premium of $1,032.

On January 15, 2015, the Company completed a private placement of 12,836,826 common shares at $6.30 per share for gross proceeds of $80,872 resulting in the acquirer owing approximately 9.9% of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares. As a result of this agreement, the Company entered into additional subscription agreements with holders who wished to maintain their respective pro rata interest in the Company. Thus, on January 21, 2015, the Company issued an additional 2,897,490 common shares at $6.30 per share for gross proceeds of $18,254. The combined gross proceeds of these two offerings was $99,126 (before share issue costs of $3,470).
 

 
25

 
PRETIUM RESOURCES INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014
(Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for share data)
 
 
 
11.
CAPITAL AND RESERVES (Cont’d)
 
On July 29, 2014, the Company closed a marketed offering of 8,280,000 common shares at a price of US$7.25 per share with the Company receiving gross proceeds of US$49,525 for the sale of 6,831,000 common shares. The remaining 1,449,000 common shares were sold by Silver Standard Resources Inc. (“Silver Standard”) in a secondary offering pursuant to its existing registration rights to participate in offerings of securities by the Company in an amount equal to the total number of common shares being offered multiplied by their current ownership percentage. On August 15, 2014, the Company closed the over-allotment option of 1,242,000 common shares at a price of US$7.25 per share pursuant to the marketed offering that closed on July 29, 2014. The Company received gross proceeds of approximately US$7,400 for the sale of 1,024,650 additional shares. The remaining 217,350 additional shares were sold by Silver Standard. On August 15, 2014, the Company also closed a private placement of 496,054 common shares at a price of US$7.25 per share for gross proceeds of approximately US$3,596 to a holder who wished to maintain their respective pro rata interest in the Company.

On March 6, 2014, the Company closed a private placement of 568,182 Investment Tax Credit flow-through common shares at a price of $8.80 per flow-through share and 2,857,145 Canadian Exploration Expense flow-through common shares at a price of $8.05 per flow-through share for aggregate proceeds of $28,000. The Company bifurcated the gross proceeds between share capital of $26,307 (before share issue costs of $1,816) and flow-through share premium of $1,693.
 
 
(b)
Share Option Plan

The Company has adopted an incentive stock option plan which provides that the Board of Directors of the Company may from time to time, in their discretion, and in accordance with Toronto Stock Exchange requirements, grant to its directors, officers, employees and consultants of the Company, non-transferable options to purchase common shares, provided that the number of common shares reserved for issue does not exceed 10% of the number of then outstanding common shares. Such options can be exercisable for a maximum of five years from the date of grant. The exercise price of each share option is set by the Board of Directors at the time of grant but cannot be less than the market price. Vesting of share options is at the discretion of the Board of Directors at the time the options are granted.

The following table summarizes the changes in stock options for the year ended December 31:
 
   
2015
   
2014
 
   
Number of options
   
Weighted average exercise price
   
Number of options
   
Weighted average exercise price
 
Outstanding, January 1
    10,810,950     $ 8.48       9,841,950     $ 8.63  
Granted
    2,851,000       7.84       991,500       7.02  
Exercised
    (4,010,000 )     6.03       -       -  
Forfeited
    (209,000 )     12.53       (22,500 )     (13.06 )
Outstanding, December 31
    9,442,950     $ 9.23       10,810,950     $ 8.48  



 
26

 
PRETIUM RESOURCES INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014
(Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for share data)
 
 

11.
CAPITAL AND RESERVES (Cont’d)
 
The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2015:
 
     
Stock options outstanding
   
Stock options exercisable
 
Exercise prices
   
Number of options outstanding
   
Weighted average years to expiry
   
Number of options exercisable
   
Weighted average exercise price
 
$5.85 - $7.99       4,217,000       3.54       3,023,250     $ 6.48  
$8.00 - $9.99       1,780,250       3.21       1,118,250       9.03  
$10.00 - $11.99       1,975,700       0.72       1,975,700       11.53  
$12.00 - $13.99       1,325,000       1.92       1,325,000       13.69  
$14.00 - $15.99       20,000       1.27       20,000       14.67  
$16.00 - $17.99       125,000       1.08       125,000       16.48  
Outstanding, December 31, 2015
      9,442,950       2.62       7,587,200     $ 9.61  
 
 
The total share option compensation expense for the year ended December 31, 2015 was $9,983 (2014 - $6,149) of which $5,719 (2014 - $2,820) has been expensed in the statement of loss and $4,264 (2014 - $3,329) has been capitalized to mineral properties, plant and equipment.

The following are the weighted average assumptions employed to estimate the fair value of options granted for the year ended December 31, 2015 and year ended December 31, 2014 using the Black-Scholes option pricing model:
 
  2015 2014
Risk-free interest rate
0.91%
1.43%
Expected volatility
65.4%
67.2%
Expected life
5 years
5 years
Expected dividend yield
Nil
Nil

Option pricing models require the input of subjective assumptions including the expected price volatility, and expected option life. Changes in these assumptions may have a significant impact on the fair value calculation.

 
(c)
Restricted Share Unit (“RSU”) Plans

The Company adopted the RSU Plans to allow the Board of Directors to grant its employees and consultants, non-transferable share units based on the value of the Company’s share price at the date of grant. The awards have a graded vesting schedule over a three-year period.




 
27

 
PRETIUM RESOURCES INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014
(Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for share data)
 
 

11.
CAPITAL AND RESERVES (Cont’d)
 
2014 RSU Plan

Under the 2014 RSU Plan, the awards are cash-settled immediately upon vesting. The following table summarizes the changes in the 2014 RSU’s for the year ended December 31:
 
   
2015
   
2014
 
   
Number of RSU's
   
Weighted average fair value
   
Number of RSU's
   
Weighted average fair value
 
Outstanding, January 1
    330,992     $ 6.84       -     $ -  
Granted
    -       -       330,992       6.84  
Settled
    (109,271 )     7.46       -       -  
Forfeited / expired
    (6,023 )     8.24       -       -  
Outstanding, December 31
    215,698     $ 6.84       330,992     $ 6.84  

At December 31, 2015, a liability of $67 (2014 - $62) was outstanding and included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities. For the year ended December 31, 2015, $358 (2014 - $28) has been recorded to share-based compensation expense and $450 (2014 - $35) has been capitalized to mineral properties, plant and equipment.

2015 RSU Plan

Under the 2015 RSU Plan, subject to shareholder approval, the awards will be treated as equity-settled transactions. The following table summarizes the changes in the 2015 RSU’s for the year ended December 31:
 
   
2015
   
2014
 
   
Number of RSU's
   
Weighted average fair value
   
Number of RSU's
   
Weighted average fair value
 
Outstanding, January 1
    -     $ -       -     $ -  
Granted
    861,344       7.55       -       -  
Settled
    -       -       -       -  
Forfeited / expired
    -       -       -       -  
Outstanding, December 31
    861,344     $ 7.55       -     $ -  

For the year ended December 31, 2015, $104 (2014 - nil) has been recorded to share-based compensation expense and $55 (2014 - nil) has been capitalized to mineral properties, plant and equipment.


 
28

 
PRETIUM RESOURCES INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014
(Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for share data)
 
 

12.
RELATED PARTIES
 
Transactions with key management

Key management includes the Company’s directors (executive and non-executive) and executive officers including its Chairman and CEO (the “CEO”), its President (the “President”), its Chief Operating Officer and Vice President (the “COO”), its Chief Financial Officer (the “CFO”) and Chief Exploration Officer and Vice President (the “CExO”). 

Directors and key management compensation:
 
   
For the year ended
 
   
December 31,
   
December 31,
 
   
2015
   
2014
 
Salaries, benefits and management fees
  $ 4,979     $ 1,641  
Share-based compensation
    7,072       4,052  
    $ 12,051     $ 5,693  

Employment agreements

The Company has entered into employment agreements with its CEO, President, COO, CFO and CExO.

Under the employment agreements, the CEO receives a base salary of $500 per year, benefits, an annual performance bonus of 0.25% of the annual increase in the market capitalization of the Company, provided the increase in market capitalization is 10% or more, and the Board of Directors may award a discretionary amountThe President receives a base salary of $450 per year, the COO receives a base salary of $400 per year, the CFO receives a base salary of $375 per year and the CExO receives a base salary of $350 per year. Each of the President, COO, CFO and CExO are entitled to extended benefits and are eligible for an annual bonus determined at the discretion of our Board. The CEO, President, COO, CFO and CExO are also entitled, on termination without cause, to twenty-four months’ salary and twice the average annual performance bonus earned in the three years immediately preceding termination.

13. 
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION
 
   
For the year ended
 
   
December 31,
   
December 31,
 
   
2015
   
2014
 
Net change in non-cash working capital items
           
included in mineral properties, plant and equipment:
           
Taxes receivable
  $ (6,036 )   $ (3,902 )
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
    33,806       4,280  
    $ 27,770     $ 378  


 
29

 
PRETIUM RESOURCES INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014
(Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for share data)
 
 
 
14.
FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT
 
Financial risk management

The Company has exposure to a variety of financial risks: market risk (including currency risk, interest rate risk and commodity price risk), credit risk and liquidity risk from its use of financial instruments.

This note presents information about the Company's exposure to each of these risks, the Company's objectives, policies and processes for measuring and managing risk, and the Company's management of capital.

The Board of Directors has overall responsibility for the establishment and oversight of the Company's risk management framework.
 
 
(a)
Market risk

 
(i)
Currency risk

The Company is subject to currency risk on financial instruments which are denominated in currencies that are not the same as the functional currency of the entity that holds them.  Exchange gains and losses would impact profit or loss.

The Company is exposed to currency risk through cash and cash equivalents, accounts payable and accrued liabilities and long-term debt which are denominated in US dollars. The Company has not hedged its exposure to currency fluctuations at this time.

The following table shows the impact on pre-tax profit of a 10% change in the USD/CAD exchange rate on financial assets and liabilities denominated in US dollars as of December 31, 2015, with all other variables held constant:
 
    Impact of currency rate change on pre-tax profit  
   
10% increase
   
10% decrease
 
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 5,290     $ (5,290 )
Other assets
    997       (997 )
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
    (360 )     360  
Offtake obligation
    (6,471 )     6,471  
Senior secured term credit facility
    (17,730 )     17,730  
Stream obligation
    (18,682 )     18,682  

 
(ii)
Interest rate risk

The Company is subject to interest rate risk with respect to its investments in cash and cash equivalents. The Company’s current policy is to invest cash at floating rates of interest and cash reserves are to be maintained in cash and cash equivalents in order to maintain liquidity, while achieving a satisfactory return for shareholders. Fluctuations in interest rates when cash and cash equivalents mature impact interest income earned.

The Company is also subject to interest rate risk with respect to the fair value of long-term debt, in particular, the fair value of the embedded derivatives under the senior secured term credit facility, the offtake obligation and the stream obligation, which are accounted for at fair value through profit or loss.


 
30

 
PRETIUM RESOURCES INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014
(Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for share data)
 
 

14.
FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (Cont’d)
 
The following table shows the impact on pre-tax profit of a 1% change in interest rates on financial assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2015, with all other variables held constant:
 
    Impact of interest rate change on pre-tax profit
   
1% increase
   
1% decrease
 
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 1,539     $ (1,539 )
Other assets
    1,193       (1,124 )
Offtake obligation
    3,759       (3,686 )
Stream obligation
    12,222       (11,965 )

 
(iii)
Commodity price risk

The Company is subject to commodity price risk from fluctuations in the market prices for gold and silver. Commodity price risks are affected by many factors that are outside the Company’s control including global or regional consumption patterns, the supply of and demand for metals, speculative activities, the availability and costs of metal substitutes, inflation and political and economic conditions. The Company has not hedged the price of any commodity at this time.

The financial instruments impacted by commodity prices are the offtake obligation (a derivative liability) and the stream obligation.

The following table shows the impact on pre-tax profit from changes in the fair values of financial instruments with a 10% change in gold and silver commodity prices. The impact of a 10% movement in commodity prices as of December 31, 2015, with all other variables held constant, is as follows:
 
    Impact of price change on pre-tax profit  
   
10% increase
   
10% decrease
 
Offtake obligation
  $ (4,725 )   $ 5,226  
Stream obligation
    (13,891 )     17,877  

 
(b)
Credit risk

Credit risk is the risk of potential loss to the Company if the counterparty to a financial instrument fails to meet its contractual obligations. The Company's credit risk is primarily attributable to its liquid financial assets including cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash. The Company limits its exposure to credit risk on financial assets through investing its cash and cash equivalents with high-credit quality financial institutions.

 
(c)
Liquidity risk
 
Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will not be able to meet its financial obligations as they fall due. The Company’s approach to managing liquidity is to ensure it will have sufficient liquidity to meet liabilities when due. To the extent the Company does not believe it has sufficient liquidity to meet obligations, it will consider securing additional equity or debt funding.



 
31

 
PRETIUM RESOURCES INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014
(Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for share data)
 
 
 
14.
FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (Cont’d)

The Company's cash and cash equivalents are currently invested in business and savings accounts with high-credit quality financial institutions which are available on demand by the Company for its programs. The Company also holds government bonds to support future environmental obligations.

The Company’s financial obligations consist of accounts payable and accrued liabilities and long-term debt consisting of the credit facility, the offtake obligation and the stream obligation.

The maturity analysis of financial liabilities as at December 31, 2015 is as follows:
 
   
Less than 1 year
   
1-3 years
   
3-5 years
   
More than
5 years
   
Total
 
Accounts payable
                             
and accrued liabilities
  $ 48,004     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ 48,004  
Senior secured term credit
                                       
facility (US$192,029)
    -       265,768       -       -       265,768  
Offtake obligation
    -       -       -       -       64,706  
Stream obligation
    -       -       -       -       186,822  

Amounts related to the senior secured term credit facility are shown based on contractual maturity of the host. The Company has a term extension option (reflected in the embedded derivative) that could extend repayment to 2019.

No contractual maturities are reflected with respect to the offtake and stream obligations. Amounts owing in relation to the offtake and stream obligations are contingent on future production and the price of the underlying commodities or on the Company’s exercise of the early buyout options described in note 9(b) and 9(c) above.

Capital management

The Company’s objectives in the managing of the liquidity and capital are to safeguard the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern and provide financial capacity to meet its strategic objectives. The capital structure of the Company consists of debt instruments and equity attributable to common shareholders, comprising of issued share capital, contributed surplus, accumulated comprehensive income and accumulated deficit.

The Company manages the capital structure and makes adjustments to it in light of changes in economic conditions and the risk characteristics of the underlying assets. To maintain or adjust the capital structure, the Company may attempt to issue new shares, issue new debt, acquire or dispose of assets to facilitate the management of its capital requirements. The Company prepares annual expenditure budgets that are updated as necessary depending upon various factors, including successful capital deployment and general industry conditions. The annual and updated budgets are approved by the Board of Directors. The Company has sufficient funds to meet its current operating, exploration and development obligations.



 
32

 
PRETIUM RESOURCES INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014
(Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for share data)
 
 

14.
FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT (Cont’d)
 
Fair value estimation
 
The Company’s financial assets and liabilities are measured and recognized according to a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs. The three levels of fair value hierarchy are as follows:
 
Level 1:
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date.
   
Level 2:
Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).
   
Level 3:
Inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data

The following table presents the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis by level within the fair value hierarchy. Each of these financial instruments are classified as Level 3 as their valuation includes significant unobservable inputs.
 
   
December 31,
 
   
2015
 
Assets
     
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
     
Embedded derivatives under the senior secured term credit facility
  $ 9,974  
    $ 9,974  
         
Liabilities
       
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
       
Offtake obligation
  $ 64,706  
Stream obligation
    186,822  
    $ 251,528  

The embedded derivative assets were valued using the Monte Carlo simulation valuation models with principal inputs related to the credit facility including the risk-free interest rate, the Company’s and lender’s credit spread and foreign exchange rates.

The offtake and stream obligations were valued using Monte Carlo simulation valuation models. The key inputs used by the Monte Carlo simulation in valuing both the offtake and stream obligations include: the gold forward curve based on Comex futures, long-term gold volatility, call option exercise prices, risk-free rate of return and spot USD/CAD foreign exchange rates.

In addition, in valuing the stream obligation, management used the following significant observable inputs: the silver forward curve based on Comex futures and the long-term silver volatility and gold/silver correlation.

The valuation of the offtake and stream obligations also require estimation of the Company’s non-performance or credit risk and the anticipated production schedule of gold and silver ounces delivered over the life of mine.
 

 
33

 
PRETIUM RESOURCES INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014
(Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for share data)
 
 
 
15.
TAXATION
 
(a)      Deferred income tax liability
 
The tax effects of temporary differences between amounts recorded in the Company’s accounts and the corresponding amounts as computed for income tax purposes gives rise to deferred tax assets (liabilities) as follows:
 
   
December 31,
   
December 31,
 
   
2015
   
2014
 
Tax loss carry forwards
  $ 23,583     $ 17,205  
Financing costs
    4,159       2,612  
Decommissioning and restoration provision
    1,886       501  
Long term debt and other
    (6,620 )     2,538  
Mineral interests
    (51,026 )     (45,068 )
Deferred income tax liability
  $ (28,018 )   $ (22,212 )
 
The Company has tax losses in Canada of approximately $90,705 (2014 - $66,172) expiring in various amounts from 2030 to 2035. The Company also has investment tax credits totaling approximately $11,247 (2014 - $7,220).
 
(b)      Income tax expense
 
The Company’s tax expense is comprised of the following:
 
   
For the year ended
 
   
December 31,
   
December 31,
 
   
2015
   
2014
 
Current tax expense
  $ -     $ -  
Deferred tax expense
    5,991       4,196  
Total tax expense
  $ 5,991     $ 4,196  

The provision for income taxes differs from the amount calculated using the Canadian federal and provincial statutory income tax rates of 26% as follows:
 
   
For the year ended
 
   
December 31,
   
December 31,
 
   
2015
   
2014
 
Expected tax recovery
    1,419       (2,135 )
Share-based compensation and other items
    3,784       745  
Flow-through shares
    1,820       7,280  
Flow-through share premium
    (1,032 )     (1,694 )
Income tax expense
  $ 5,991     $ 4,196  




 
34

 
PRETIUM RESOURCES INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014
(Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for share data)
 
 

16. 
COMMITMENTS
 
The following table provides the Company’s gross contractual obligations as of December 31, 2015:
 
   
Less than 1 year
   
1-3 years
   
3-5 years
   
More than
5 years
   
Total
 
                               
Office lease
  $ 688     $ 1,544     $ -     $ -     $ 2,232  
Decommissioning and
                                       
restoration provision
    11       81       -       7,161       7,253  
Repayment of credit facility
                                       
(US$192,029)
    -       265,768       -       -       265,768  
    $ 699     $ 267,393     $ -     $ 7,161     $ 275,253  

Pursuant to the stream agreement, the Company is obligated to deliver, subject to prepayment options, 8% of up to 7,067,000 ounces of refined gold and 8% of up to 26,297,000 ounces of refined silver commencing on January 1, 2020 and a payment of US$20,000.

Under the offtake agreement, the Company is obligated to sell 100% of refined gold (in excess of any delivered ounces pursuant to the stream obligation) up to 7,067,000 ounces. The final purchase price to be paid by the purchaser will be, at the purchaser’s option, a market referenced gold price in US dollars per ounce during a defined pricing period before and after the date of each sale.
 
17.
CONTINGENCIES
 
 
a) Canadian Class Actions

On October 29, 2013, David Wong, a shareholder of the Company, filed a proposed class action against the Company, Robert Quartermain (a director, the President and the CEO of the Company) and Snowden Mining Industry Consultants Ltd. (the “Wong Action”).

A similar proposed class action was filed by Roksana Tahzibi, a shareholder of the Company, on November 1, 2013 (the “Tahzibi Action”). The defendants in the Tahzibi Action are the Company, Mr. Quartermain, Joseph Ovsenek (an officer and director of the Company), Kenneth McNaughton (an officer of the Company), Ian Chang (an officer of the Company) and Snowden Mining Industry Consultants Ltd. 

The Wong Action and Tahzibi Action (together, the “Ontario Actions”) were filed in the Ontario Superior Court of Justice.

The plaintiffs in the Ontario Actions seek certification of a class action on behalf of a class of persons, wherever they reside, who acquired the Company’s securities. In the Wong Action, the class period is between November 22, 2012 and October 22, 2013. In the Tahzibi Action, the class period is between July 23, 2013 and October 22, 2013. 

The plaintiffs in the Ontario Actions allege that certain of the Company’s disclosures contained material misrepresentations or omissions regarding Brucejack, including statements with respect to probable mineral reserves and future gold production at Brucejack. The plaintiffs further allege that until October 22, 2013 the Company failed to disclose alleged reasons provided by Strathcona Mineral Services Ltd. for its resignation as an independent qualified person overseeing the bulk sample program. According to the plaintiffs in the Ontario Actions, these misrepresentations and omissions are actionable under Ontario’s Securities Act, other provincial securities legislation and the common law. 
 

 
35

 
PRETIUM RESOURCES INC.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014
(Expressed in thousands of Canadian dollars, except for share data)
 
 
 
17.
CONTINGENCIES (Cont’d)
 
The Wong Action claims $60 million in general damages. The Tahzibi Action claims $250 million in general damages. The plaintiffs in the Ontario Actions have asked for the appointment of a case management judge. There have been no further steps in the Ontario Actions.

The Company believes that the allegations made against it in Ontario Actions are meritless and will vigorously defend them, although no assurance can be given with respect to the ultimate outcome of the Ontario Actions.
 
 
b) United States Class Actions

Between October 25, 2013 and November 18, 2013, five putative class action complaints were filed in the United States against the Company and certain of its officers and directors, alleging that defendants violated the United States securities laws by misrepresenting or failing to disclose material information concerning the Brucejack Project. All five actions were filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York.

In January 2014, the Court ordered that these actions be consolidated into a single action, styled In re Pretium Resources Inc. Securities Litigation, Case No. 13-CV-7552 (PGG). The Court has appointed as lead plaintiffs in the consolidated action three individuals who are suing on behalf of a putative class of shareholders who purchased or otherwise acquired the Company’s common shares between June 11, 2013 and October 21, 2013.

In March 2014, the plaintiffs filed a consolidated amended class action complaint, which the Company moved to dismiss in May 2014. In July 2014, the plaintiffs filed a second consolidated amended class action complaint (“Second Amended Complaint”). The Company moved to dismiss the Second Amended Complaint on September 5, 2014. Plaintiffs filed their Opposition to the Company’s Motion to Dismiss on October 20, 2014, and the Company filed a reply brief on November 19, 2014. The Court has not yet issued a decision on the motion.

The Company believes that the allegations made against it in these actions are meritless and will vigorously defend the matter, although no assurance can be given with respect to the ultimate outcome of such proceedings.
 
18.
SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
 
 
On March 1, 2016, the Company closed a marketed offering of 28,384,000 common shares at a price of US$4.58 per common share for aggregate gross proceeds of US$129,999 which includes the exercise of the full amount of the over-allotment option of 2,174,000 common shares.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
36
EX-99.2 3 exhibit_99-2.htm MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2015 exhibit_99-2.htm

EXHIBIT 99.2


 
PRETIUM RESOURCES INC.
 
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2015
 
This Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements of Pretium Resources Inc. (“Pretivm”, the “Company”, “we” or “us”) for the year ended December 31, 2015 as publicly filed on the System for Electronic Document Analysis and Retrieval (SEDAR) website.
 
All dollar amounts are expressed in thousands of Canadian Dollars unless otherwise specified.
 
We have prepared the audited consolidated financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”). This MD&A is prepared as of March 10, 2016 and includes certain statements that may be deemed “forward-looking statements”. We direct investors to the section “Risks and Uncertainties” and “Statement on forward-looking information” included within this MD&A.
 
Additional information relating to us, including our Annual Information Form and Form 40-F, is available on the SEDAR website at www.sedar.com and on the EDGAR section of the SEC website at www.sec.gov.
 
Our Business
 
Pretivm was incorporated on October 22, 2010 under the laws of the Province of British Columbia. We are an exploration and development company that was formed for the acquisition, exploration and development of precious metal resource properties in the Americas.
 
We have a 100% interest in the Brucejack Project and the Snowfield Project, both of which are located in northwestern British Columbia.
 
The Brucejack Project is our material mineral project. Our focus is on advancing the Brucejack Project to production as a high-grade gold underground mine, with engineering and construction underway.
 
The mineral claims for the Snowfield Project are in good standing until 2026 and we continue to conduct baseline environmental studies for potential future development.
 
4th Quarter Highlights
 
·
On October 1, 2015 we announced the appointment of Dr. Nicole Adshead-Bell to our Board of Directors.
 
·
On October 8, 2015, we announced a second set of drill results from the regional grassroots exploration drill program underway on the property surrounding the Brucejack Project. High-grade gold intersections encountered in the Flow Dome Zone 1,000 meters east of the Valley of Kings supported results previously reported confirming the presence of either a new stockwork zone or an extension of the Valley of the Kings deposit.
 
 
 
1

 
 
·
On December 15, 2015, we announced the final set of drill results from the regional grass roots exploration drill program conducted on the property surrounding the Brucejack Project. The results include long intervals of low-grade gold mineralization at depth to the south and southeast of the Valley of the Kings deposit and polymetallic mineralization in a new zone 13 kilometers southeast of the Project.
 
·
Subsequent to our year end, on January 12, 2016, we announced a fifth set of results from the underground infill drill program at the Brucejack Project’s Valley of the Kings. Results continue to confirm the style and grade distribution of the Valley of the Kings gold mineralization, which include the intersection of high grade and visible gold. Reported assays include seven intersections grading greater than 1,000 grams per tonne gold.
 
·
On February 17, 2016, we announced an updated cost and working capital estimate for the Brucejack Project. The estimated total project capital cost to complete design, construction, installation and commissioning, including contingencies and working capital, is US$696.8 million. Working capital for the three-month period of post-plant commissioning and initial gold production covers the cost of operations, but does not take into account any revenue generated during this period.
 
·
On February 22, 2016, we announced the filing of a preliminary prospectus supplement to our short form base shelf prospectus in connection with a US$120 million marketed offering of our common shares through a syndicate of underwriters. On February 23, 2016, we announced the underwriters had agreed to purchase 26,210,000 of our common shares at US$4.58 per share, for gross proceeds of approximately US$120 million. The underwriters were also granted an over-allotment option to purchase an additional 2,174,000 common shares at US$4.58 per share, exercisable for a period of 30 days following closing. On March 1, 2016, we announced the closing of the marketed offering of our common shares for gross proceeds of US$129,998,720, which included the exercise of the over-allotment option.
 
·
On March 8, 2016, we announced a sixth set of results from the underground infill drill program at the Brucejack Project’s Valley of the Kings. Results continue to confirm the style and grade distribution of the Valley of the Kings gold mineralization, which include the intersection of high grade and visible gold. Reported assays include four intersections grading greater than 1,000 grams per tonne gold.

Operations
 
Brucejack Project
 
The Brucejack Project is located approximately 950 km northwest of Vancouver, British Columbia and 65 km north-northwest of Stewart, British Columbia and is comprised of 4 mining leases and 6 mineral claims totaling 3,054 hectares in area. The Brucejack Project forms part of our contiguous claims package that comprises over 122,133 hectares.
 
 
 
2

 
 
Project Permitting
 
During 2015, the Company received all major federal and provincial regulatory permits required to begin development work towards commercial production at the Brucejack Project:
 
·
On March 27, 2015, we were issued an Environmental Assessment Certificate for the Brucejack Project by the British Columbia Minister of the Environment and Minister of Energy and Mines. The Ministers issued the certificate with conditions that have given them the confidence to conclude that the Project will be constructed, operated and decommissioned in a way that ensures no significant adverse effects are likely to occur. We addressed these conditions in advance of the start of mine construction.
 
·
On July 30, 2015, we received a positive Environmental Assessment Decision Statement from the Federal Minister of the Environment. The Decision Statement found that the Brucejack Project is not likely to cause significant adverse environmental effects. In reaching the Decision, the Minister considered the Project Recommendation and the Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency (CEAA) Environmental Assessment Report. The Report includes CEAA’s conclusions and recommendations on the potential environmental effects of the Project, the proposed mitigation measures, the significance of any remaining adverse environmental effects and the follow-up program.
 
·
On August 31, 2015, we announced that we had received a Mines Act Permit and Environmental Management Act Permit from the British Columbia Minister of Energy and Mines and Ministry of Environment approving our mine plan and reclamation program allowing commercial production at the Brucejack Project. The Mines Act Permit allows for the construction of a 2,700 tonnes per day doré and flotation plant, development of an underground mine, and associated facilities and other infrastructure. The Environmental Management Act Permit governs effluent discharge during construction and operation.
 
Construction Financing
 
On September 21, 2015, we completed a US$540 million construction financing with Orion Mine Finance Group and Blackstone Tactical Opportunities. The financing provided immediate access to US$340 million and will fund a substantial portion of the costs to develop an underground mine at the Brucejack Project. The financing was comprised of a credit facility for US$350 million, a US$150 million prepayment under a callable gold and silver stream agreement and a private placement of our common shares for US$40 million (see “Liquidity and Capital Resources” below).
 
On March 1, 2016, we closed a marketed offering of 28,384,000 common shares at a price of US$4.58 per common share for gross proceeds of US$130 million. The net proceeds will be used (i) to fund development of the Brucejack Project, (ii) for working capital during start-up and (iii) for general corporate purposes.
 
With the US$540 million construction financing, available cash on hand and the completion of the equity offering of US$130 million, the US$696.8 million estimated development cost of the Brucejack Project is fully funded.
 
 
 
3

 
 
Project Engineering
 
Basic and detailed engineering activities have been ongoing following the completion in June 2014 of the updated National Instrument 43-101 compliant feasibility study for the Brucejack Project. All long lead-time items have been ordered, including the ball mill, SAG mill, and transformers. Construction power generators are in operation. Detailed project engineering continues and a comprehensive review of capital costs was initiated during the fourth quarter of 2015 (see “Revised Brucejack Project Capital Costs and Economics” below).
 
Construction Progress
 
Construction at the Brucejack Project commenced on September 5, 2015. Construction at the mine remains on schedule for expected commissioning in the third quarter of 2017. The permanent camp pad has been completed with the first concrete poured on January 19, 2016, and mobilization of the 330-person permanent camp to site is expected to begin in March.
 
Bulk earthworks to level the site for the mill building are expected to be completed in March with concrete foundation work scheduled to begin in April. The construction of the transmission line is also expected to commence in April.
 
The pre-production underground development contract was awarded to Cementation Canada Inc., and their crews have been mobilized to site and operating on multiple headings since early January.
 
There are currently over 700 employees and contractors working on the Brucejack Project.
 
Revised Brucejack Project Capital Costs and Economics
 
On February 17, 2016, we announced an updated cost estimate and project update for the Brucejack Project.
 
Based on the achievement of the 60% engineering milestone, a capital cost estimate was carried out in late 2015 (the “Updated Estimate”) to update the June 2014 Feasibility Study cost estimate (the “Feasibility Study Estimate”) for the Brucejack Project. The estimated total project capital cost to complete design, construction, installation and commissioning, including contingencies and working capital, is US$696.8 million. Working capital for the three-month period of post-plant commissioning and initial gold production covers the cost of operations, but does not take into account any revenue generated during this period. The working capital estimate also covers the costs for prepayments related to electrical power and permitting, including US$9 million in government fees and bonds.
 
Updated Capital Costs
 
Underground development is projected to cost US$17.7 million less than estimated in the Feasibility Study Estimate. Underground mining equipment of US$23.4 million has been deferred to sustaining capital due to the use of the third party mining contractor’s equipment.
 
 
 
4

 
 
The mill building design-build contract is US$9.5 million less than estimated in the Feasibility Study Estimate. In addition to construction savings, the lower assumed Canadian dollar exchange rate resulted in a favorable foreign exchange difference of approximately US$145 million.
 
Owner’s costs, excluding working capital, increased by US$46.7 million, primarily as a result of additional environmental monitoring costs of US$18.6 million, additional winter construction costs of US$14.5 million due to receipt of permits in September and additional camp support costs of US$10.8 million to cover an increase in overall man-hours during construction. The engineering, procurement and construction management contractor increased its costs by US$18.4 million.
 
A summary of capital costs from the Updated Estimate in comparison with the Feasibility Study Estimate is shown below.
 
Table 1: Capital Costs Summary Comparison
 
   
Updated Estimate
(US$ million) (1)
   
Feasibility Study Estimate
(US$ million) (2) (3)
 
Mine underground
    101.4       151.7  
Mine site(4)
    165.3       183.6  
Offsite Infrastructure
    81.0       85.9  
Total Direct Costs
    347.7       421.2  
Indirect Costs
    97.5       106.7  
Owner's Costs
    160.3       150.0  
Contingency(5)
    35.3       69.0  
Total Capital Cost
    640.8       746.9  
Working Capital
    56.0       --- (6)
Total Construction Cost
    696.8       746.9  
(1)
US$0.75:C$1
(2)
US$0.92:C$1
(3)
Certain costs were re-classified to conform to updated estimate categories/presentation.
(4)
Includes mine site, mine site process, mine site utilities, mine site facilities, tailings facilities, mine site temporary facilities and surface mobile equipment.
(5)
Contingency has been reduced to US$35.3 million based on 60% level of engineering and significant commitments now in place.
(6)
Working capital was included in the financial model, but not in capital cost estimate.
 
As part of the capital cost estimate update, a third party review and evaluation of the plans, budget and schedule for the Brucejack Project was completed by Martyn Creaney. Mr. Creaney has been actively involved in the development of projects in Australia, Asia and the Americas including 25 years with Placer Dome, where from 2000 to 2006 he served as Vice President of Design & Construction, overseeing all design and construction activities. For the past ten years he has provided advisory services to consulting clients, and is OceanaGold’s Senior Project Advisor for the development of the Haile Gold Mine in South Carolina.
 

 
5

 

Updated Economic Evaluation

An updated summary of Brucejack economic results by metal price is shown below.

Table 2: Summary of Brucejack Economic Results by Metal Price – February 2016 Update (7,8)
 
Low Case
Base Case
High Case
Gold Price (US$/ounce)
$800
$1,100
$1,400
Silver Price (US$/ounce)
$10.00
$14.00
$18.00
Net Cash Flow (US$)
$2.21 billion (pre-tax)
$1.53 billion (post-tax)
$4.31 billion (pre-tax)
$2.88 billion (post-tax)
$6.42 billion (pre-tax)
$4.23 billion (post-tax)
Net Present Value(9)
(5.0% discount) (US$)
$1.09 billion (pre-tax)
$0.72 billion (post-tax)
$2.36 billion (pre-tax)
$1.55 billion (post-tax)
$3.63 billion (pre-tax)
$2.36 billion (post-tax)
Internal Rate of Return
20.2% (pre-tax)
16.8% (post-tax)
33.0% (pre-tax)
27.4% (post-tax)
43.8%(pre-tax)
36.3% (post-tax)
Payback(from start of production period)
4.9 years (pre-tax)
5.0 years (post-tax)
3.4 years (pre-tax)
3.5 years (post-tax)
2.7 years (pre-tax)
2.8 years (post-tax)
Exchange Rate (US$:C$)
0.75
0.75
0.75
 
(7)
Includes impact from financing announced September 15, 2015.
 
 
(8)
Financing impact assumes repayment of debt facility at maturity, exercise of maximum buyout options for offtake and stream facilities at December 31, 2018.
 
 
(9)
NPV is discounted to December 31, 2015.
 
 
The National Instrument 43-101 compliant Feasibility Study for the Brucejack Project titled Feasibility Study and Technical Report Update on the Brucejack Project, Stewart BC, dated June 19, 2014 filed was on SEDAR on June 30, 2014 (see news release dated June 19, 2014).
 
2015 Underground Infill Drill Program
 
The Valley of the Kings infill drill program continued through the quarter. The program has been planned to target stope areas in years 1 through 3 of the current mine plan (1320-meter level to 1200-meter level).
 
The planned drill program has been expanded to include extensions of Domain 20 which are adjacent to areas being mined in the early years of the 2014 Feasibility Mine Plan. Definition drilling from five underground drill stations is in progress and is expected to be completed in the second quarter of 2016. When completed, roughly 200 vertical meters over a strike length of 250 meters will have been drilled at 7.5 to 10-meter centers.
 
The primary purpose of the drilling is grade control, with the additional benefit of infill drilling inferred and non-stope indicated resources in the same area. Results from the program continue to confirm the style and grade distribution of the gold mineralization in the area being tested, which includes the intersection of high grade and visible gold.

 
6

 

2015 Regional Exploration Program Success and Follow-up
 
The 2015 grass-roots exploration program was comprised of prospecting, airborne EM, magnetic and radiometric surveys, and a surface drill program. The 2015 surface exploration drill program consisted of approximately 20,000 meters of drilling, which targeted porphyry/epithermal-style mineralization to the east of the Brucejack Project.
 
The 2015 regional exploration program was successful in expanding the size of the hydrothermal system that includes the Valley of the Kings and confirming the potential for additional mineralized zones to the east. With the discovery of the Flow Dome Zone the program was successful in extending the strike length of the Valley of the Kings gold mineralization 1,000 meters to the east of the current Valley of the Kings Measured and Indicated Mineral Resource. Results from the 2015 program will be used to prioritize targets for follow-up regional exploration programs.

Snowfield Project
 
The Snowfield Project borders the Brucejack Project to the north and is comprised of one mineral claim with an area of 1,267.43 hectares. Since we acquired the Snowfield Project in 2010, we have continued to carry out environmental studies in conjunction with the Brucejack Project. Our previous efforts focused on completing an updated mineral resource estimate for the project, examining alternatives for advancing the project and negotiating cooperation agreements with Seabridge Gold Inc. (“Seabridge”).
 
Joint Snowfield/ KSM Engineering Studies
 
We have entered into a confidentiality and cooperation agreement with Seabridge that, amongst other things, provided for the completion of an engineering study examining the economics of combining our Snowfield Project and Seabridge’s KSM Project as a single operation. The internal engineering study was finalized during the first quarter of 2012 and indicated that developing the KSM and Snowfield deposits together could produce better economics than developing KSM as a stand-alone project, although no property acquisition costs or allocation of initial KSM capital were considered.

We have also entered into a mutual access agreement with Seabridge that (a) gives Seabridge access to our Snowfield Project and us access to Seabridge’s KSM Project for the stripping of overburden and (b) provides us with road access to the Brucejack and Snowfield Projects over Seabridge’s KSM Project lands.
 
Snowfield represents a longer term gold opportunity for our shareholders.
 
Additional Claims
 
Our contiguous claims, including the claims comprising the Brucejack and Snowfield Projects, total over 122,133 hectares, providing further exploration potential to supplement the value we are creating at Brucejack (see “2015 Regional Exploration Program” above). A claim boundary map is available on our website.

 
7

 

Results of Operations
 
Our operations and business are not driven by seasonal trends, but rather the achievement of project milestones such as the achievement of various technical, environmental, socio-economic and legal objectives, including obtaining the necessary permits, completion of final feasibility studies, preparation of engineering designs, as well as receipt of financings to fund these objectives.
 
Selected Financial Information

Basis of Presentation

The following financial data has been derived from our consolidated annual financial statements which have been prepared in accordance with IFRS, as issued by the IASB, except for quarterly financial information which is derived from unaudited interim financial statements. Our significant accounting policies are outlined in Note 3 to our audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2015.
 
Annual information
 
Selected consolidated annual financial information for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 are as follows (in $000’s):
 
   
2015
   
2014
   
2013
 
Total revenue
  $ -     $ -     $ -  
Loss per share - basic and diluted
  $ (0.00 )   $ (0.11 )   $ (0.16 )
Loss and comprehensive loss
  $ (534 )   $ (12,445 )   $ (16,584 )
Total assets
  $ 1,479,745     $ 816,816     $ 726,261  
Long-term liabilities
  $ 464,100     $ 24,308     $ 19,836  
Cash dividends
  $ -     $ -     $ -  
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 387,925     $ 34,495     $ 11,575  
Mineral properties, plant and equipment
  $ 1,021,415     $ 768,072     $ 705,449  

 
 
8

 

Quarterly information
 
Selected consolidated financial information for this quarter and the preceding seven quarters is as follows (in $000’s):

     
2015
Q4
     
2015
Q3
     
2015
Q2
     
2015
 Q1
     
2014
Q4
     
2014
Q3
     
2014
Q2
     
2014
Q1
 
Total revenue
  $ -     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ -  
Earnings (loss) per share - basic and diluted
  $ 0.07     $ (0.02 )   $ (0.02 )   $ (0.03 )   $ (0.02 )   $ (0.04 )   $ (0.03 )   $ (0.02 )
Income (loss) and comprehensive income (loss)
  $ 8,757     $ (3,335 )   $ (2,426 )   $ (3,530 )   $ (2,094 )   $ (4,668 )   $ (3,306 )   $ (2,377 )
Total assets
  $ 1,479,745     $ 1,433,292     $ 931,111     $ 915,153     $ 816,816     $ 811,896     $ 749,142     $ 746,736  
Long-term liabilities
  $ 464,100     $ 461,298     $ 24,336     $ 23,252     $ 24,308     $ 23,379     $ 20,303     $ 19,228  
Cash dividends
  $ -     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ -  
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 387,925     $ 453,233     $ 68,871     $ 103,412     $ 34,495     $ 63,981     $ 19,739     $ 24,706  
Mineral properties, plant and equipment
  $ 1,021,415     $ 919,522     $ 841,691     $ 793,349     $ 768,072     $ 736,526     $ 717,247     $ 712,275  
 
Year ended December 31, 2015 compared to the year ended December 31, 2014
 
Net loss and comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2015 was $534 compared to $12,445 for the year ended December 31, 2014. The decrease in the loss was largely attributed the change in fair value of the elements of the construction financing including the offtake obligation and stream obligation which resulted in a gain of $24,110. This was offset by an increase in share-based compensation, salaries and foreign exchange loss.
 
Gain on financial instruments at fair value
 
The September 2015 construction financing includes a number of elements which are recorded on our statement of financial position at fair value. The impact of changes in fair value on our reported results for the year are discussed below.
 
We determined that the prepayment and extension options in the senior secured term credit facility were embedded derivatives. These embedded derivatives were recorded on the statement of financial position as other assets. The change in fair value of these embedded derivatives was a gain of $3,148 which was recorded in the statement of loss.
 
We determined that the offtake obligation represented a derivative liability and that the obligation was primarily a function of the purchaser’s gold price option feature. The change in fair value of the offtake obligation since inception resulted in a gain of $2,421 which was recorded in the statement of loss.
 
We determined that the stream obligation was in substance a debt instrument with embedded derivatives linked to gold and silver commodity prices and interest rates. Changes in the fair value of the stream obligation from period to period are a result of changes in these underlying variables. The change in fair value of the stream obligation since inception resulted in a gain of $11,928. As the stream is in substance a debt instrument, the effective interest on the debt host is capitalized as a borrowing cost during the development of the Brucejack Project. We capitalized $6,613 of interest on the stream obligation to mineral properties, plant and equipment. The capitalized interest was reclassified from the gain on financial instruments at fair value recorded in the statement of loss.
 
 
 
9

 
 
Share-based compensation expense
 
During the year ended December 31, 2015, stock option expense increased to $5,719 as compared to $2,820 during the year ended December 31, 2014. This was due mainly to the increased number of options granted in 2015 and by the timing of stock option grants. We hire individuals with the required skills to advance our business and stock options may be granted to employees and consultants as part of their overall compensation. Depending on the nature of the awarded recipient’s role, we expense or capitalize to mineral properties, plant and equipment the fair value of these stock option issuances over the vesting period.
 
During the year ended December 31, 2015, the 2014 Restricted Share Unit Plan (the “2014 RSU Plan”) resulted in $358 being recorded to share-based compensation expense compared to $28 for the year ended December 31, 2014.
 
During the year ended December 31, 2015, we implemented the 2015 Restricted Share Unit Plan subject to shareholder approval (the “2015 RSU Plan”). Restricted Share Units issued under the 2015 RSU Plan vest in tranches over a three-year period. We recorded $104 to share-based compensation expense.
 
Other expenses
 
Salaries for the year ended December 31, 2015 were $4,599 as compared to $1,894 for the comparable period. This was attributed to the Company’s growing work force as we prepare for production at the Brucejack Project and salary increases and bonuses awarded to employees of the Company.
 
The Company moved its head office location during the year. This attributed to the majority of the increase in office costs to $1,625 for the year ended December 31, 2015 as compared to $1,137 for the year ended December 31, 2014.
 
Investor relation costs for the year ended December 31, 2015 were $1,430 as compared to $1,106 incurred for the year ended December 31, 2014. Investor relation costs were mainly due to marketing and communication activities conducted within the investment community and community relations with the First Nations.
 
Professional fees were $540 for the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to $983 for the year ended December 31, 2014. We are currently engaged in two class action lawsuits filed against us in the Ontario Superior Court of Justice and one filed against us in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. For details on the class action lawsuits, please see “Commitments, Contingencies and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements” below. As we have reached our deductible limit with our insurers, future legal expenses associated with the class action lawsuits will be provided for in accordance with our insurance policy.
 
 
 
10

 
 
During the year ended December 31, 2015, the construction financing was denominated in US dollars. The foreign exchange loss of $3,082 compared to a foreign exchange gain of $344 for the comparable period was the result of the subsequent translation of the senior secured term credit facility into CAD resulting in a loss of $7,511 offset by the translation of US denominated cash and cash equivalents to CAD resulting in a gain of $4,392.
 
We earned interest income on our cash balance for the year ended December 31, 2015 of $714 compared to $406 for the year ended December 31, 2014, directly attributable to cash balances held by the Company. Interest income earned on proceeds from the construction financing were capitalized to mineral properties, plant and equipment.
 
During the year ended December 31, 2015, we recorded a deferred income tax expense of $5,991 compared to $4,196 for the year ended December 31, 2014. The difference is related to the unrealized gains on financial instruments at fair value including the senior secured term credit facility, offtake obligation and stream obligation offset by the realization of 2015 non-capital losses.
 
Quarter ended December 31, 2015 compared to the quarter ended December 31, 2014
 
Net income and comprehensive income for the three months ended December 31, 2015 was $8,757 compared to a loss of $2,094 for the comparable period. The change was largely attributed the change in fair value of the elements of the construction financing including the offtake obligation and stream obligation which resulted in a gain of $26,963. This was offset by an increase in share-based compensation, salaries, foreign exchange loss and deferred income tax expense.
 
Other expenses
 
During the three months ended December 31, 2015, share-based compensation increased to $1,702 as compared to $465 for the comparable period. This was due mainly to the increased number of options granted in 2015 and by the timing of stock option grants.
 
Salaries for the three months ended December 31, 2015 were $2,407 as compared to $736 for the comparable period. This was attributed to the Company’s growing work force as we prepare for production at the Brucejack Project and salary increases and bonuses awarded to employees of the Company.
 
During the three months ended December 31, 2015, the foreign exchange loss was $5,822 compared to a foreign exchange gain of $166 for the comparable period. This was mainly the result of the subsequent translation of the senior secured term credit facility into CAD resulting in a loss of $5,731.
 
During the three months ended December 31, 2015, we recorded a deferred income tax expense of $6,318 compared to $591 for the comparable period. The difference is related to the unrealized gains on financial instruments at fair value including the senior secured term credit facility, offtake obligation and stream obligation offset by the realization of 2015 non-capital losses.
 

 

 

 
11

 
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
Our cash and cash equivalents as at December 31, 2015 totaled $387,925 increasing $353,430 from $34,495 at December 31, 2014. The increase in cash is largely attributable to the construction financing that was completed on September 21, 2015.
 
Our working capital as at December 31, 2015 was $360,327 as compared to $33,770 as at December 31, 2014. Working capital items other than cash and cash equivalents consisted of receivables and other of $20,406 and accounts payable and accrued liabilities of $48,004. Receivables and other is comprised primarily of $4,790 of Goods and Services Tax refunds, and $13,207 accrued for BC Mineral Exploration Tax Credits receivable from the Province of BC.
 
On January 15, 2015, we completed a private placement of 12,836,826 common shares at a price of $6.30 per share with Zijin Mining Group., Ltd. (“Zijin”) for gross proceeds of $80,872 and on January 21, 2015, we completed a private placement with certain shareholders who wished to maintain their respective pro rata interests in the Company in connection with the strategic investment by Zijin. A total of 2,897,490 common shares were issued to subscribers at a price of $6.30 per share for gross proceeds of $18,254.
 
On June 8, 2015, we completed a private placement of 800,000 flow-through shares at a price of $8.75 per flow-through share for gross proceeds of $7,000. All proceeds associated with the flow-through funds raised in Q2 2015 were spent as of December 31, 2015.
 
On September 21, 2015, we completed the US$540 million construction financing with Orion and Blackstone. The Financing was comprised of a credit facility for US$350 million, a US$150 million prepayment under a callable gold and silver stream agreement and a private placement of our common shares for US$40 million. Upon closing, we received proceeds of US$340 million that will fund a substantial portion of the costs to develop an underground mine at the Brucejack Project.
 
Credit Facility
 
 
·
Credit Agreement:
 
o
Senior Secured Loan facility of US$350 million;
 
o
US$150 million was advanced at closing;
 
o
Remaining US$200 million available to be drawn in up to $50 million tranches over 18 months with;
 
o
Each draw subject to an arrangement fee of 3%;
 
o
Fixed interest rate of 7.5%;
 
o
Principal and accrued interest compounded quarterly is due at maturity on December 31, 2018, or we can exercise an option to extend maturity to December 31, 2019 on payment of 2.5% of the principal amount outstanding.
 
 
·
Offtake Agreement:
 
o
Applies to sales from first 7.067 million ounces of refined gold;
 
o
Orion and Blackstone will pay us for refined gold (in excess of any delivered ounces pursuant to the stream obligation) based on a market referenced gold price in US dollars per ounce during a defined pricing period before and after the date of each sale;
 
 
 
12

 
 
 
o
We have the option to reduce the Offtake obligation by up to 75% by paying:
 
(a)
US$11 per remaining ounce effective December 31, 2018 or
 
(b)
US$13 per ounce effective December 31, 2019 on the remaining undelivered gold ounces.
 
Stream Agreement
 
 
·
US$150 million in cash was advanced at closing as prepayment in consideration of a callable stream that applies to 8% of the total precious metals production of 7.067 million ounces of refined gold and 26.279 million ounces of refined silver (the “Refined Precious Metals”) less any Refined Precious Metals production prior to commencement of stream deliveries. The applicable gold ounces from the Brucejack Project under the Offtake Agreement and Refined Precious Metals under the Stream Agreement are refined gold and silver ounces which were estimated to be available for sale in the June 2014 Feasibility Study for the Brucejack Project. The gold ounces subject to the Offtake Agreement will be reduced by the amount of refined gold ounces that is subject to the Stream Agreement.
 
 
·
We may elect to repurchase all or a portion of the Refined Precious Metals stream by one of the following options:
 
 
o
On December 31, 2018, we can elect to repurchase the entire 8% stream by paying US$237 million or can elect to reduce the stream to 3% of Refined Precious Metals by paying US$150 million, in which case the stream deliveries would commence January 1, 2019; and
 
 
o
On December 31, 2019, we can elect to repurchase the entire 8% stream by paying US$272 million or can elect to reduce the stream to 4% of Refined Precious Metals by paying US$150 million, in which case the stream deliveries would commence January 1, 2020.
 
 
·
If we do not exercise the right to reduce or repurchase the Refined Precious Metals stream by December 31, 2019, US$20 million will be payable and an 8% stream will apply to the Refined Precious Metals beginning January 1, 2020, with payment of US$400 per ounce of gold and US$4.00 per ounce of silver. If the market price of gold is greater than US$400 per ounce, the excess will decrease the stream obligation until it has been reduced to nil.
 
 
·
In the event of a change of control or the sale of the Brucejack Project by us prior to the earlier of (a) our reduction or repurchase of the Refined Precious Metals stream or (b) January 1, 2020, we have the right to repurchase and the lenders can elect to have us repurchase the stream for consideration equal to the greater of: (i) 13.6% of the consideration received by our shareholders or us in such a transaction, or (ii) an amount of cash that generates a 15% rate of return on the US$150 million stream advance.
 
Private Placement
 
 
·
Each of Orion and Blackstone subscribed for 3,848,004 of our common shares at US$5.1975 per common share for aggregate proceeds at closing of US$40 million, based on the 20-day volume weighted average price of our common shares at the close on September 21, 2015.
 
 
 
13

 
 
During the year ended December 31, 2015, an increase in the trading price of our common shares contributed to the exercise of share options awards, which provided us with additional liquidity.
 
On March 1, 2016, we closed a marketed offering of 28,384,000 common shares at a price of US$4.58 per common share for gross proceeds of US$130 million. The net proceeds will be used (i) to fund development of the Brucejack Project, (ii) for working capital during start-up and (iii) for general corporate purposes.
 
With the US$540 million construction financing, available cash on hand and the completion of the equity offering of US$130 million, the US$696.8 million estimated development cost of the Brucejack Project is fully funded.
 
Cash used in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2015 was $209,691 (2014 - $59,342). For the year ended December 31, 2015, the expenditure increase is due to the commencement of project construction and the increased costs for engineering and mine development. In the prior year ended December 31, 2014, costs were incurred mainly in respect of exploration and evaluation activities at the Projects.
 
We are a development stage company and as such, we do not generate revenues from operations, except for periodic proceeds from our exploration program gold sales. We rely on equity and/or debt funding for our continuing financial liquidity. Our access to financing is always uncertain. There can be no assurance of continued access to significant equity and/or debt funding.
 
Commitments, Contingencies and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
 
Class Action Lawsuits
 
Following the announcement on October 9, 2013 of the resignation of Strathcona Mineral Services Ltd. (“Strathcona”), the consultant responsible for overseeing and reporting on the 10,000-tonne bulk sample, and the announcement of Strathcona’s reasons for resigning on October 22, 2013, the price of our shares on the TSX and the NYSE had a significant drop in value.Canadian Class Actions
 
We are aware of two proposed class actions filed against us and certain of our officers and directors in the Ontario Superior Court of Justice: the first on October 29, 2013 by David Wong (the “Wong Action”) and the second on November 1, 2013 by Roksana Tahzibi (the “Tahzibi Action”) (collectively, the “Ontario Actions”). The plaintiffs seek certification of a class action on behalf of a class of persons, wherever they reside, who acquired our securities. In the Wong Action, the class period is between November 22, 2012 and October 22, 2013. In the Tahzibi Action, the class period is between July 23, 2013 and October 22, 2013.
 
The plaintiffs allege that certain of our continuous disclosure documents filed in Canada contained material misrepresentations or omissions regarding our Brucejack Project, including statements with respect to probable mineral reserves and future gold production at Brucejack, and failed to communicate alleged information from Strathcona. The plaintiffs allege these misrepresentations and omissions are actionable as negligent misrepresentations or misrepresentations under various provincial Securities Acts. The plaintiffs seek general damages of $60 million in the Wong Action and $250 million in the Tahzibi Action as well as pre- and post-judgment interest and costs.
 
 
 
14

 
 
There have been no further steps in the Ontario Actions. The Company believes that the allegations made against it in the Ontario Actions are meritless and will vigorously defend them, although no assurance can be given with respect to the ultimate outcome of the Ontario Actions.
 
United States of America Class Actions
 
Between October 25, 2013 and November 18, 2013, five putative class action complaints were filed in the United States against us and certain of our officers and directors, alleging that we violated the United States securities laws by misrepresenting or failing to disclose material information concerning the Brucejack Project. All five actions were filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York.
 
In January 2014, the Court ordered that these actions be consolidated into a single action, styled In re Pretium Resources Inc. Securities Litigation, Case No. 13-CV-7552. The Court has appointed as lead plaintiffs in the consolidated action three individuals who are suing on behalf of a putative class of shareholders who purchased our shares between June 11, 2013 and October 21, 2013.
 
In March 2014, the plaintiffs filed a consolidated amended class action complaint, which we moved to dismiss in May 2014. In July 2014, the plaintiffs filed a second consolidated amended class action complaint (“Second Amended Complaint”). We moved to dismiss the Second Amended Complaint on September 5, 2014. The plaintiffs filed their Opposition to our Motion to Dismiss on October 20, 2014 and we filed our reply brief on November 19, 2014. The Court has not yet issued a decision on the motion.
 
We believe the allegations made against us in these actions are meritless and will vigorously defend the matter, although no assurance can be given with respect to the ultimate outcome of such proceedings.
 
In general, litigation claims can be expensive and time consuming to bring or defend and could result in settlements or damages that could significantly affect our financial position. We intend to contest any such litigation claims to the extent of any available defenses. However, it is not possible to predict the final outcome of any current litigation or additional litigation to which we may become party to in the future, and the impact of any such litigation on our business, results of operations and financial condition, could be material.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
15

 

Contractual Obligations
 
The following table provides our gross contractual obligations as of December 31, 2015 (in $000’s):
 
   
Less than
1 year
   
1 – 3 years
   
3 – 5 years
   
More than
5 years
   
Total
 
Operating activities:
                             
Decommissioning and restoration provision
  $ 11     $ 81     $ -     $ 7,161     $ 7,253  
Office lease
    688       1,544       -       -       2,232  
Financing activities:(1)(2)
                                       
Repayment of credit facility (US$192,029)
    -       265,768       -       -       265,768  
    $ 699     $ 267,393     $ -     $ 7,161     $ 275,253  
 
 
1)
Pursuant to the stream arrangement, we are obligated to deliver, subject to prepayment options, 8% of up to 7,067,000 ounces of refined gold and 8% of up to 26,297,000 ounces of refined silver commencing on January 1, 2020 and a payment of US$20,000.
 
 
2)
Under the Offtake agreement, we are obligated to sell 100% of refined gold (in excess of any delivered ounces pursuant to the stream obligation) up to 7,067,000 ounces. The final purchase price to be paid by the purchaser will be, at the purchase’s option, a market referenced gold price in US dollars per ounce during a defined pricing period before and after the date of each sale.
 
Related Party Transactions
 
We have entered into employment agreements with each of our Chairman and CEO (our “CEO”), our President (our “President”), our Chief Financial Officer (our “CFO”), and our Chief Exploration Officer and Vice President (our “CExO”).

Under the employment agreements, the CEO receives a base salary of $500 per year, benefits, an annual performance bonus of 0.25% of the annual increase in the market capitalization of the Company, provided the increase in market capitalization is 10% or more, and the Board of Directors may award a discretionary amountThe President receives a base salary of $450 per year, the CFO receives a base salary of $375 per year and the CExO receives a base salary of $350 per year. Each of the President, CFO and CExO are entitled to extended benefits and are eligible for an annual bonus determined at the discretion of our Board. The CEO, President, CFO and CExO are also entitled, on termination without cause, to twenty-four months’ salary and twice the average annual performance bonus earned in the three years immediately preceding termination.

Subsequent to year end, we announced the departure of our COO who left the Company to pursue other interests.

 
16

 

Critical Accounting Estimates and Judgments
 
Our significant accounting policies are presented in Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2015. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. Actual outcomes could differ from these estimates. The consolidated financial statements include estimates which, by their nature, are uncertain. The impacts of such estimates are pervasive throughout the consolidated financial statements, and may require accounting adjustments based on future occurrences. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which an estimate is revised and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods.
 
Significant judgments about the future and other sources of estimation uncertainty at the financial position reporting date, that could result in a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities, in the event that actual results differ from assumptions made include, but are not limited to, the following:

1)           Impairment of exploration and evaluation assets

The application of the Company’s accounting policy for impairment of exploration and evaluation assets requires judgment to determine whether indicators of impairment exist including factors such as, the period for which the Company has the right to explore, expected renewals of exploration rights, whether substantive expenditures on further exploration and evaluation of resource properties are budgeted and results of exploration and evaluation activities up to the reporting date. Management has assessed impairment indicators on the Company’s exploration and evaluation assets and has concluded that no impairment indicators exist as of December 31, 2015.

2)           Determination of commercial viability and technical feasibility of the Brucejack Project

The application of the Company’s accounting policy for mineral property development costs requires judgment to determine when technical feasibility and commercial viability of the Brucejack Project was demonstrable. The Company considered the positive NI 43-101 compliant Feasibility Study, the receipt of key environmental permits and the completed construction financing and concluded that commercial viability and technical feasibility of the Brucejack Project had been confirmed in the quarter ended September 30, 2015. At this point, the asset was reclassified to mineral properties, plant and equipment and tested for impairment. Based on the impairment assessment, management concluded that no impairment of the Brucejack Project was required.
 
 
 
 

 
 
17

 

3)           Impairment of mineral properties, plant and equipment

The application of the Company’s accounting policy for impairment of mineral properties, plant and equipment requires judgment to determine whether indicators of impairment exist. The review of impairment indicators includes consideration of both external and internal sources of information, including factors such as market and economic conditions, metal prices and forecasts, commercial viability and technical feasibility and estimated project economics. Management has assessed impairment indicators on the Company’s mineral properties, plant and equipment and has concluded that no impairment indicators exist as of December 31, 2015.

4)           Fair value of derivatives and other financial liabilities

The fair value of financial instruments that are not traded in an active market are determined using valuation techniques. Management uses its judgment to select a variety of methods and make assumptions that are mainly based on market conditions existing at the end of each reporting period.
 
Financial Instruments and Other Instruments
 
Financial assets

We have the following financial assets: cash and cash equivalents, receivables, embedded derivatives associated with the senior secured term credit facility and restricted cash.

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash are classified as loans and receivables and are recorded at amortized cost. Interest income is recognized by applying the effective interest rate.
Receivables are classified as loans and receivables and accordingly are recorded initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method, less any impairment losses.

Derivative instruments, including embedded derivatives, are recorded at fair value through profit or loss and, accordingly, are recorded on the statement of financial position at fair value. Fair values for derivative instruments are determined using valuation techniques, with assumptions based on market conditions existing at the statement of financial position date or settlement date of the derivative.
 
Financial liabilities

We have the following financial liabilities: accounts payable and accrued liabilities and debt instruments including the senior secured term credit facility, offtake obligation and stream obligation.
 
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities and debt are classified as other financial liabilities and are recognized initially at fair value, net of any directly attributable transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition these financial liabilities are held at amortized cost using the effective interest method.
 

 
18

 
 
Derivative instruments, including embedded derivatives, such as the offtake obligation and stream obligation are recorded at fair value through profit or loss and, accordingly, are recorded on the statement of financial position at fair value. Fair values for derivative instruments are determined using valuation techniques, with assumptions based on market conditions existing at the statement of financial position date or settlement date of the derivative.
 
Financial Risk Management

We are exposed to a variety of financial risks: market risk (including currency risk, interest rate risk and commodity price risk), credit risk and liquidity risk from its use of financial instruments.
 
Our Board of Directors approves and monitors the risk management processes, inclusive of documented investment policies, counterparty limits, and controlling and reporting structures. The type of risk exposure and the way in which such exposure is managed is provided as follows:
 
Market Risk
 
Currency risk

We are subject to currency risk on financial instruments which are denominated in currencies that are not the same as the functional currency of the entity that holds them. We are exposed to currency risk through cash and cash equivalents, accounts payable and accrued liabilities and long-term debt which are denominated in US dollars. The Company has not hedged its exposure to currency fluctuations at this time.
 
Interest rate risk
 
We are subject to interest rate risk with respect to our investments in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash. Our current policy is to invest cash at floating rates of interest and cash reserves are to be maintained in cash and cash equivalents in order to maintain liquidity, while achieving a satisfactory return for shareholders. Fluctuations in interest rates when cash and cash equivalents mature impact interest income earned.

We are also subject to interest rate risk with respect to the fair value of long-term debt, in particular, the fair value of the embedded derivatives under the senior secured term credit facility, the offtake obligation and the stream obligation which are accounted for at fair value through profit or loss.
 
Commodity price risk

We are subject to commodity price risk from fluctuations in the market prices for gold and silver. Commodity price risks are affected by many factors that are outside the Company’s control including global or regional consumption patterns, the supply of and demand for metals, speculative activities, the availability and costs of metal substitutes, inflation and political and economic conditions.
 
The Company has not hedged the price of any commodity at this time.
 
 
 
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The financial instruments impacted by commodity prices are the offtake obligation (a derivative liability) and the stream obligation.
 
Credit risk
 
Credit risk is our risk of potential loss if the counterparty to a financial instrument fails to meet its contractual obligations. Our credit risk is primarily attributable to our liquid financial assets including cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash. We limit our exposure to credit risk on financial assets by investing our cash and cash equivalents with financial institutions of high credit quality.
 
The carrying value of our cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash represent our maximum exposure to credit risk.
 
Liquidity risk
 
Liquidity risk is the risk that we will not be able to meet our financial obligations as they fall due. We ensure that there is sufficient capital in order to meet short term business requirements, after taking into account cash flows from operations and our holdings of cash and cash equivalents. Our cash and cash equivalents are currently invested in business and savings accounts with financial institutions of high credit quality which are available on demand by us for our programs. To the extent we do not believe there is sufficient liquidity to meet obligations, we will consider securing additional equity or debt funding.
 
Capital Management
 
Our objectives in the managing of the liquidity and capital are to safeguard our ability to continue as a going concern and provide financial capacity to meet our strategic objectives. Our capital structure consists of debt instruments and equity attributable to common shareholders, comprised of issued share capital, contributed surplus, accumulated comprehensive loss and accumulated deficit.
 
We manage our capital structure and make adjustments to it in light of changes in economic conditions and the risk characteristics of the underlying assets. To maintain or adjust the capital structure, we may attempt to issue new shares, issue new debt, and acquire or dispose of assets to facilitate the management of our capital requirements. We prepare annual expenditure budgets that are updated as necessary depending upon various factors, including successful capital deployment and general industry conditions. The annual and updated budgets are approved by the Board of Directors. The Company has sufficient funds to meet its current operating, exploration and development obligations.
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
20

 

Outstanding Share Data
 
At March 10, 2016, we had the following common shares and share purchase options outstanding.
 
 
Number of securities
Exercise price
($)
Weighted Average
Remaining Life (years)
Common shares
173,452,405
   
Share purchase options
9,292,950
$5.85 - $17.46
2.42
Fully diluted
182,745,355
   
 
Risks and Uncertainties
 
Natural resources exploration and development involves a number of risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control. These risks and uncertainties include, without limitation, the risks discussed elsewhere in this MD&A and those identified in our Annual Information Form dated March 31, 2015 and filed on SEDAR, which are incorporated by reference in this MD&A.
 
Internal Control over Financial Reporting and Disclosure Controls and Procedures
 
Internal Control over Financial Reporting
 
Management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting (“ICFR”) as of December 31, 2015. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (COSO 2013).
 
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal controls over financial reporting. Any system of internal control over financial reporting, no matter how well designed, has inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting during the year ended December 31, 2015 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to affect our internal control over financial reporting.
 
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
 
Management assessed the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2015. Based upon the results of that evaluation, management concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that the information disclosed by us in the reports that we file were appropriately recorded, processed, summarized and reported to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
 
 
 
21

 
 
Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Information
 
In connection with the forward-looking statements contained in this MD&A, we have made certain assumptions about our business, including about our planned exploration and development activities; the accuracy of our mineral resource estimates; capital and operating cost estimates; production and processing estimates; the results, costs and timing of future exploration and drilling; timelines and similar statements relating to the economic viability of the Brucejack Project; timing and receipt of approvals, consents and permits under applicable legislation; and the adequacy of our financial resources. We have also assumed that no significant events occur outside of our normal course of business. Although we believe that the assumptions inherent in the forward-looking statements are reasonable as of the date of this MD&A, forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and, accordingly, undue reliance should not be put on such statements due to the inherent uncertainty therein.
 
This MD&A contains ‘‘forward-looking information’’ and ‘‘forward looking statements’’ within the meaning of applicable Canadian and United States securities legislation.
 
Forward-looking information may include, but is not limited to, risks related to information with respect to our planned exploration and development activities, the adequacy of our financial resources, the estimation of mineral resources and reserves, realization of mineral resource and reserve estimates, timing of development of the Brucejack Project, costs and timing of future exploration, results of future exploration and drilling, production and processing estimates, capital and operating cost estimates, timelines and similar statements relating to the economic viability of the Brucejack Project, timing and receipt of approvals, consents and permits under applicable legislation, our executive compensation approach and practice, and adequacy of financial resources. Wherever possible, words such as ‘‘plans’’, ‘‘expects’’, ‘‘projects’’, ‘‘assumes’’, ‘‘budget’’, ‘‘strategy’’, ‘‘scheduled’’, ‘‘estimates’’, ‘‘forecasts’’, ‘‘anticipates’’, ‘‘believes’’, ‘‘intends’’ and similar expressions or statements that certain actions, events or results ‘‘may’’, ‘‘could’’, ‘‘would’’, ‘‘might’’ or ‘‘will’’ be taken, occur or be achieved, or the negative forms of any of these terms and similar expressions, have been used to identify forward-looking statements and information.
 
Statements concerning mineral resource estimates may also be deemed to constitute forward-looking information to the extent that they involve estimates of the mineralization that will be encountered if the property is developed. Any statements that express or involve discussions with respect to predictions, expectations, beliefs, plans, projections, objectives, assumptions or future events or performance are not statements of historical fact and may be forward-looking information. Forward-looking information is subject to a variety of known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual events or results to differ from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking information, including, without limitation, risks related to:
 
 
·
uncertainty as to the outcome of legal proceedings including certain class action proceedings in the U.S. and Canada;
 
 
·
our ability to repay indebtedness;
 
 
·
the effect of indebtedness on cash flow and business operations;
 
 
·
our ability to satisfy commitments under stream and offtake agreements and the effect of restrictive covenants in such agreements;
 
 
·
our ability to raise enough capital to fully fund the capital costs required to complete construction at the Brucejack Project;
 
 
·
assumptions regarding expected operating costs and expenditures, production schedules, economic returns and other projections;
 
 
·
our production estimates, including accuracy thereof;
 
 
 
22

 
 
 
·
the exploration, development and operation of a mine or mine property, including the potential for undisclosed liabilities on our mineral projects;
 
 
·
the fact that we have no mineral properties in production or development and no history of production or revenue;
 
 
·
our ability to obtain adequate financing for our planned exploration and development activities and to complete further exploration programs;
 
 
·
our ability to achieve commercial production at the Brucejack Project in the timeline we anticipate;
 
 
·
the operation and economic viability of the development of the Brucejack Project;
 
 
·
dependency on the Brucejack Project for our future operating revenue;
 
 
·
the accuracy of our resource and reserve estimates (including, with respect to size, grade and recoverability) and the geological, operational and price assumptions on which they are based;
 
 
·
our mineral resource estimates, including accuracy thereof and our ability to upgrade such mineral resource estimates and establish mineral reserve estimates;
 
 
·
uncertainties relating to the interpretation of drill results and the geology, grade and continuity of our mineral deposits;
 
 
·
commodity price fluctuations, including gold price volatility;
 
 
·
our history of negative operating cash flow, incurred losses and accumulated deficit;
 
 
·
failure of counterparties to perform their contractual obligations;
 
 
·
market events and general economic conditions;
 
 
·
the inherent risk in the mining industry;
 
 
·
the commercial viability of our current and any acquired mineral rights;
 
 
·
availability of suitable infrastructure or damage to existing infrastructure;
 
 
·
governmental regulations, including environmental regulations;
 
 
·
delay in obtaining or failure to obtain required permits, or non-compliance with permits that are obtained;
 
 
·
increased costs and restrictions on operations due to compliance with environmental laws and regulations;
 
 
·
compliance with emerging climate change regulation;
 
 
·
uncertainties relating to additional claims and legal proceedings;
 
 
·
adequate internal control over financial reporting;
 
 
·
increased costs of complying with the Dodd-Frank Act;
 
 
·
potential opposition from non-governmental organizations;
 
 
·
uncertainty regarding unsettled First Nations rights and title in British Columbia;
 
 
 
23

 
 
 
·
uncertainties related to title to our mineral properties and surface rights;
 
 
·
land reclamation requirements;
 
 
·
our ability to identify and successfully integrate any material properties we acquire;
 
 
·
uncertainties related to title to our mineral properties and surface rights;
 
 
·
currency fluctuations;
 
 
·
increased costs affecting the mining industry;
 
 
·
increased competition in the mining industry for properties, qualified personnel and management;
 
 
·
our ability to attract and retain qualified management;
 
 
·
some of our directors’ and officers’ involvement with other natural resource companies;
 
 
·
potential inability to attract development partners or our ability to identify attractive acquisitions;
 
 
·
potential liabilities associated with our acquisition of material properties;
 
 
·
our ability to comply with foreign corrupt practices regulations and anti-bribery laws;
 
 
·
changes to relevant legislation, accounting practices or increasing insurance costs;
 
 
·
our anti-takeover provisions could discourage potentially beneficial third party takeover offers;
 
 
·
significant growth could place a strain on our management systems;
 
 
·
share ownership by our significant shareholders;
 
 
·
there is no market for our securities other than our common shares;
 
 
·
the trading price of our common shares is subject to volatility due to market conditions;
 
 
·
future sales or issuance of our equity securities;
 
 
·
certain actions under U.S. federal securities laws may be unenforceable;
 
 
·
our broad discretion relating to the use of proceeds from financings;
 
 
·
we do not intend to pay dividends in the near future; and
 
 
·
our being treated as a passive foreign investment company for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
 
This list is not exhaustive of the factors that may affect any of our forward-looking statements. Although we have attempted to identify important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in forward-looking statements, there may be other factors that cause results not to be as anticipated, estimated or intended. There can be no assurance that such information will prove to be accurate, as actual results and future events could differ materially from those anticipated in such information. Forward-looking statements involve statements about the future and is inherently uncertain, and our actual achievements or other future events or conditions may differ materially from those reflected in the forward-looking statements due to a variety of risks, uncertainties and other factors, including, without limitation, those referred to in our Annual Information Form dated March 31, 2015 which is filed on SEDAR and in the United States on Form 40-F through EDGAR at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
 
 
 
24

 
 
Our forward-looking statements are based on the beliefs, expectations and opinions of management on the date the statements are made. In connection with the forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus, we have made certain assumptions about our business, including about our planned exploration and development activities; the accuracy of our mineral resource estimates; capital and operating cost estimates; production and processing estimates; the results, costs and timing of future exploration and drilling; timelines and similar statements relating to the economic viability of the Brucejack Project; timing and receipt of approvals, consents and permits under applicable legislation; and the adequacy of our financial resources. We have also assumed that no significant events will occur outside of our normal course of business. Although we believe that the assumptions inherent in the forward-looking statements are reasonable as of the date hereof, forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance due to the inherent uncertainty therein. We do not assume any obligation to update forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, other than as required by applicable law. For the reasons set forth above, prospective investors should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
25


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