Exhibit 23.1

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

We consent to the incorporation by reference in the following Registration Statements:

(1) Registration Statement (Form S-3 No. 333-222745) of Regulus Therapeutics Inc.,

(2) Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-184324) pertaining to the 2009 Equity Incentive Plan, 2012 Equity Incentive Plan and 2012 Employee Stock Purchase Plan of Regulus Therapeutics Inc.,

(3) Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-206511) pertaining to the Regulus Therapeutics Inc. Inducement Plan, and

(4) Registration Statement (Form S-8 Nos. 333-188606, 333-194294, 333-201988, 333-209654, 333-215793, 333-222434 and 333-229514) pertaining to the 2012 Equity Incentive Plan and 2012 Employee Stock Purchase Plan of Regulus Therapeutics Inc.;

of our reports dated March 18, 2019, with respect to the financial statements of Regulus Therapeutics Inc. and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting of Regulus Therapeutics Inc. included in this Annual Report (Form 10-K) of Regulus Therapeutics Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2018.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

San Diego, California

March 18, 2019