Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Receivables [Abstract]

Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses

Note 4    Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses

Loans consisted of the following at the dates indicated (dollars in thousands):

	December 31, 2022				December 31, 2021
	Total		Percent of Total		Total		Percent of Total
Residential and other consumer:
1-4 single family residential	$	7,122,837	28.6	%	$	6,338,225	26.7	%
Government insured residential	1,771,880		7.1	%	2,023,221		8.5	%
Other consumer loans	5,997		—	%	6,934		—	%
	8,900,714		35.7	%	8,368,380		35.2	%
Commercial:
Non-owner occupied commercial real estate	5,405,597		21.7	%	5,536,348		23.3	%
Construction and land	294,360		1.2	%	165,390		0.7	%
Owner occupied commercial real estate	1,890,813		7.6	%	1,944,658		8.2	%
Commercial and industrial	6,414,351		25.9	%	4,790,275		20.2	%
PPP	3,370		—	%	248,505		1.0	%
Pinnacle	912,122		3.7	%	919,641		3.9	%
Bridge - franchise finance	253,774		1.0	%	342,124		1.4	%
Bridge - equipment finance	286,147		1.1	%	357,599		1.5	%
Mortgage warehouse lending	524,740		2.1	%	1,092,133		4.6	%
	15,985,274		64.3	%	15,396,673		64.8	%
Total loans	24,885,988		100.0	%	23,765,053		100.0	%
Allowance for credit losses	(147,946)				(126,457)
Loans, net	$	24,738,042			$	23,638,596

Premiums, discounts and deferred fees and costs, excluding the non-credit related discount on PCD loans, totaled $61 million and $67 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of residential PCD loans and the related amount of non-credit discount, net of the related ACL, at the dates indicated (in thousands):

	December 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
UPB	$	96,437	$	124,963
Non-credit discount	(44,354)		(59,759)
Total amortized cost of PCD loans	52,083		65,204
ACL related to PCD loans	(409)		(476)
PCD loans, net	$	51,674	$	64,728

During the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, the Company purchased residential loans totaling $2.3 billion, $4.8 billion and $3.2 billion, respectively.

At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had pledged loans with a carrying value of approximately $12.4 billion and $10.6 billion, respectively, as security for FHLB advances and Federal Reserve discount window capacity.

At December 31, 2022 and 2021, accrued interest receivable on loans totaled $129 million and $98 million, respectively, and is included in other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The amount of interest income reversed on non-accrual loans was not material for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020.

Allowance for credit losses

The ACL was determined utilizing a 2-year reasonable and supportable forecast period. The quantitative portion of the ACL was determined using a single third-party provided economic scenario. The qualitative component was informed by alternate scenarios. Activity in the ACL is summarized below for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	Years Ended December 31,
	2022						2021						2020
	Residential		Commercial		Total		Residential		Commercial		Total		Residential		Commercial		Total
Beginning balance	$	9,187	$	117,270	$	126,457	$	18,719	$	238,604	$	257,323	$	11,154	$	97,517	$	108,671
Impact of adoption of ASU 2016-13	N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		N/A		8,098		19,207		27,305
Balance after adoption of ASU 2016-13	9,187		117,270		126,457		18,719		238,604		257,323		19,252		116,724		135,976
Provision (recovery)	2,858		70,956		73,814		(9,241)		(55,215)		(64,456)		(556)		182,895		182,339
Charge-offs	(412)		(61,643)		(62,055)		(304)		(70,946)		(71,250)		(31)		(69,571)		(69,602)
Recoveries	108		9,622		9,730		13		4,827		4,840		54		8,556		8,610
Ending balance	$	11,741	$	136,205	$	147,946	$	9,187	$	117,270	$	126,457	$	18,719	$	238,604	$	257,323

The ACL increased by $21.5 million at December 31, 2022 compared to December 31, 2021, increasing from 0.53% to 0.59% of total loans. The provision for credit losses for the year ended December 31, 2022 was partially offset by net charge-offs. The more significant factors impacting the provision for credit losses for the year ended December 31, 2022 included increases in specific reserves and qualitative loss factors, primarily the qualitative overlay related to economic uncertainty.

The following table presents the components of the provision for (recovery of) credit losses for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Amount related to funded portion of loans	$	73,814	$	(64,456)	$	182,339
Amount related to off-balance sheet credit exposures	1,467		(1,235)		(5,572)
Amount related to accrued interest receivable	(127)		(1,064)		1,300
Amount related to AFS debt securities	—		(364)		364
Total provision for (recovery of) credit losses	$	75,154	$	(67,119)	$	178,431

Credit quality information

Credit quality of loans held for investment is continuously monitored by dedicated residential credit risk management and commercial portfolio management functions. The Company also has a workout and recovery department that monitors the credit quality of criticized and classified loans and an independent internal credit review function.

Credit quality indicators for residential loans

Management considers delinquency status to be the most meaningful indicator of the credit quality of residential loans, other than government insured residential loans. Delinquency statistics are updated at least monthly. LTV and FICO scores are also important indicators of credit quality for 1-4 single family residential loans other than government insured loans. FICO scores are generally updated semi-annually, and were most recently updated in the third quarter of 2022. LTVs are typically at origination since we do not routinely update residential appraisals. Substantially all of the government insured residential loans are government insured buyout loans, which the Company buys out of GNMA securitizations upon default. For these loans, traditional measures of credit quality are not particularly relevant considering the guaranteed nature of the loans and the underlying business model. Factors that impact risk inherent in the residential portfolio segment include national and regional economic conditions such as levels of unemployment, wages and interest rates, as well as residential property values.

1-4 Single Family Residential credit exposure, excluding government insured residential loans, based on delinquency status: 

	December 31, 2022
	Amortized Cost By Origination Year
	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior		Total
Current	$	1,185,611	$	3,149,299	$	916,923	$	316,023	$	177,891	$	1,315,063	$	7,060,810
30 - 59 Days Past Due	12,752		16,432		3,266		2,953		1,854		5,739		42,996
60 - 89 Days Past Due	252		1,196		229		1,347		—		1,052		4,076
90 Days or More Past Due	2,589		2,158		2,173		360		3,069		4,606		14,955
	$	1,201,204	$	3,169,085	$	922,591	$	320,683	$	182,814	$	1,326,460	$	7,122,837

	December 31, 2021
	Amortized Cost By Origination Year
	2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		Prior		Total
Current	$	2,884,761	$	1,062,348	$	395,453	$	224,175	$	342,414	$	1,352,844	$	6,261,995
30 - 59 Days Past Due	32,307		2,705		5,482		1,942		5,831		4,825		53,092
60 - 89 Days Past Due	605		—		1,750		1,988		—		1,307		5,650
90 Days or More Past Due	1,407		—		609		5,100		1,064		9,308		17,488
	$	2,919,080	$	1,065,053	$	403,294	$	233,205	$	349,309	$	1,368,284	$	6,338,225

1-4 Single Family Residential credit exposure, excluding government insured residential loans, based on LTV: 

	December 31, 2022
	Amortized Cost By Origination Year
LTV	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior		Total
Less than 61%	$	282,940	$	1,301,279	$	354,720	$	76,404	$	42,864	$	466,094	$	2,524,301
61% - 70%	295,206		857,008		231,732		80,383		49,047		310,648		1,824,024
71% - 80%	620,049		975,542		336,066		158,406		86,463		510,633		2,687,159
More than 80%	3,009		35,256		73		5,490		4,440		39,085		87,353
	$	1,201,204	$	3,169,085	$	922,591	$	320,683	$	182,814	$	1,326,460	$	7,122,837

	December 31, 2021
	Amortized Cost By Origination Year
LTV	2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		Prior		Total
Less than 61%	$	1,222,510	$	399,512	$	89,078	$	54,301	$	111,540	$	476,170	$	2,353,111
61% - 70%	791,935		269,739		92,282		59,425		66,641		343,654		1,623,676
71% - 80%	899,400		395,726		212,649		111,276		145,413		518,817		2,283,281
More than 80%	5,235		76		9,285		8,203		25,715		29,643		78,157
	$	2,919,080	$	1,065,053	$	403,294	$	233,205	$	349,309	$	1,368,284	$	6,338,225

1-4 Single Family Residential credit exposure, excluding government insured residential loans, based on FICO score:

	December 31, 2022
	Amortized Cost By Origination Year
FICO	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior		Total
760 or greater	$	805,125	$	2,513,045	$	721,982	$	212,574	$	97,076	$	944,783	$	5,294,585
720 - 759	285,507		485,528		132,928		62,301		45,857		216,047		1,228,168
719 or less	110,572		170,512		67,681		45,808		39,881		165,630		600,084
	$	1,201,204	$	3,169,085	$	922,591	$	320,683	$	182,814	$	1,326,460	$	7,122,837

	December 31, 2021
	Amortized Cost By Origination Year
FICO	2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		Prior		Total
760 or greater	$	2,230,259	$	803,026	$	245,942	$	125,713	$	254,750	$	937,285	$	4,596,975
720 - 759	562,763		194,068		91,276		53,576		54,080		219,561		1,175,324
719 or less	126,058		67,959		66,076		53,916		40,479		211,438		565,926
	$	2,919,080	$	1,065,053	$	403,294	$	233,205	$	349,309	$	1,368,284	$	6,338,225

Credit quality indicators for commercial loans

Factors that impact risk inherent in commercial portfolio segments include but are not limited to levels of economic activity, health of the national and regional economy, interest rates, industry trends, patterns of and trends in customer behavior that influence demand for our borrowers' products and services, and commercial real estate values. Internal risk ratings are considered the most meaningful indicator of credit quality for commercial loans. Internal risk ratings are generally indicative of the likelihood that a borrower will default, are a key factor influencing the level and nature of ongoing monitoring of loans and may impact the estimation of the ACL. Internal risk ratings are updated on a continuous basis. Generally, relationships with balances in excess of defined thresholds, ranging from $1 million to $3 million, are re-evaluated at least annually and more frequently if circumstances indicate that a change in risk rating may be warranted. Loans exhibiting potential credit weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention and that could result in deterioration of repayment prospects at some future date if not checked or corrected are categorized as special mention. Loans with well-defined credit weaknesses, including payment defaults, declining collateral values, frequent overdrafts, operating losses, increasing balance sheet leverage, inadequate cash flow from current operations, project cost overruns, unreasonable construction delays, past due real estate taxes or exhausted interest reserves are assigned an internal risk rating of substandard. A loan with a weakness so severe that collection in full is highly questionable or improbable, but because of certain reasonably specific pending factors has not been charged off, will be assigned an internal risk rating of doubtful. 

Commercial credit exposure based on internal risk rating:

	December 31, 2022
	Amortized Cost By Origination Year												Revolving Loans
	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior				Total
CRE
Pass	$	1,256,300	$	758,025	$	550,133	$	1,138,113	$	512,125	$	932,030	$	196,963	$	5,343,689
Special mention	—		—		—		18,006		—		709		—		18,715
Substandard	12,332		1,355		20,103		98,438		56,974		148,351		—		337,553
Total CRE	$	1,268,632	$	759,380	$	570,236	$	1,254,557	$	569,099	$	1,081,090	$	196,963	$	5,699,957
C&I (1)
Pass	$	1,880,853	$	825,410	$	445,988	$	689,003	$	416,287	$	832,952	$	2,900,336	$	7,990,829
Special mention	63		—		208		3,880		—		20,657		310		25,118
Substandard	25,898		13,916		3,319		103,625		19,715		104,190		21,277		291,940
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		647		—		—		647
Total C&I	$	1,906,814	$	839,326	$	449,515	$	796,508	$	436,649	$	957,799	$	2,921,923	$	8,308,534
Pinnacle
Pass	$	179,223	$	110,510	$	66,592	$	66,514	$	29,783	$	459,500	$	—	$	912,122
Total Pinnacle	$	179,223	$	110,510	$	66,592	$	66,514	$	29,783	$	459,500	$	—	$	912,122
Bridge - Equipment Finance
Pass	$	27,386	$	55,015	$	16,488	$	90,286	$	33,264	$	62,353	$	—	$	284,792
Substandard	—		—		—		1,355		—		—		—		1,355
Total Bridge - Equipment Finance	$	27,386	$	55,015	$	16,488	$	91,641	$	33,264	$	62,353	$	—	$	286,147
Bridge - Franchise Finance
Pass	$	81,146	$	19,251	$	38,293	$	34,483	$	8,617	$	6,799	$	—	$	188,589
Special mention	—		—		—		5,432		2,168		—		—		7,600
Substandard	—		1,617		1,295		22,058		17,148		8,124		—		50,242
Doubtful	—		—		1,013		2,447		3,883		—		—		7,343
Total Bridge - Franchise Finance	$	81,146	$	20,868	$	40,601	$	64,420	$	31,816	$	14,923	$	—	$	253,774
Mortgage Warehouse Lending
Pass	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	524,740	$	524,740
Total Mortgage Warehouse Lending	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	524,740	$	524,740

	December 31, 2021
	Amortized Cost By Origination Year												Revolving Loans
	2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		Prior				Total
CRE
Pass	$	869,852	$	619,056	$	1,283,401	$	676,151	$	455,965	$	986,427	$	119,308	$	5,010,160
Special mention	985		—		29,573		—		—		1,704		—		32,262
Substandard	—		14,227		187,284		55,944		115,944		285,917		—		659,316
Total CRE	$	870,837	$	633,283	$	1,500,258	$	732,095	$	571,909	$	1,274,048	$	119,308	$	5,701,738
C&I (1)
Pass	$	1,280,160	$	666,437	$	870,797	$	406,145	$	353,590	$	669,308	$	2,120,693	$	6,367,130
Special mention	6,051		19,861		39,647		17,185		1,854		11,640		20,093		116,331
Substandard	365		22,106		167,496		59,349		51,117		122,663		49,119		472,215
Doubtful	—		—		900		—		—		—		26,862		27,762
Total C&I	$	1,286,576	$	708,404	$	1,078,840	$	482,679	$	406,561	$	803,611	$	2,216,767	$	6,983,438
Pinnacle
Pass	$	143,063	$	113,785	$	88,206	$	36,761	$	177,258	$	360,568	$	—	$	919,641
Total Pinnacle	$	143,063	$	113,785	$	88,206	$	36,761	$	177,258	$	360,568	$	—	$	919,641
Bridge - Equipment Finance
Pass	$	73,190	$	18,763	$	108,990	$	43,826	$	23,684	$	48,471	$	—	$	316,924
Substandard	—		—		12,875		4,775		23,025		—		—		40,675
Total Bridge - Equipment Finance	$	73,190	$	18,763	$	121,865	$	48,601	$	46,709	$	48,471	$	—	$	357,599
Bridge - Franchise Finance
Pass	$	49,949	$	51,057	$	104,299	$	10,199	$	7,039	$	5,838	$	—	$	228,381
Substandard	—		7,351		39,588		30,134		8,660		8,018		—		93,751
Doubtful	—		—		7,718		12,274		—		—		—		19,992
Total Bridge - Franchise Finance	$	49,949	$	58,408	$	151,605	$	52,607	$	15,699	$	13,856	$	—	$	342,124
Mortgage Warehouse Lending
Pass	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1,092,133	$	1,092,133
Total Mortgage Warehouse Lending	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1,092,133	$	1,092,133

(1)Includes PPP loans

At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the balance of revolving loans converted to term loans was immaterial.

The following tables summarize the Company's commercial credit exposure based on internal risk rating, in aggregate, at the dates indicated (in thousands):

	December 31, 2022
	CRE		C&I (1)		Pinnacle		Bridge - Franchise Finance		Bridge - Equipment Finance		Mortgage Warehouse Lending		Total
Pass	$	5,343,689	$	7,990,829	$	912,122	$	188,589	$	284,792	$	524,740	$	15,244,761
Special mention	18,715		25,118		—		7,600		—		—		51,433
Substandard-accruing	315,201		245,114		—		44,295		1,355		—		605,965
Substandard non-accruing	22,352		46,826		—		5,947		—		—		75,125
Doubtful	—		647		—		7,343		—		—		7,990
	$	5,699,957	$	8,308,534	$	912,122	$	253,774	$	286,147	$	524,740	$	15,985,274

	December 31, 2021
	CRE		C&I (1)		Pinnacle		Bridge - Franchise Finance		Bridge - Equipment Finance		Mortgage Warehouse Lending		Total
Pass	$	5,010,160	$	6,367,130	$	919,641	$	228,381	$	316,924	$	1,092,133	$	13,934,369
Special mention	32,262		116,331		—		—		—		—		148,593
Substandard-accruing	604,036		410,803		—		80,864		40,675		—		1,136,378
Substandard non-accruing	55,280		61,412		—		12,887		—		—		129,579
Doubtful	—		27,762		—		19,992		—		—		47,754
	$	5,701,738	$	6,983,438	$	919,641	$	342,124	$	357,599	$	1,092,133	$	15,396,673

(1)Includes PPP loans

The COVID-19 pandemic led to an increase in the level of criticized and classified commercial loans compared to pre-pandemic levels; while criticized and classified assets are evidencing a declining trend, those levels remain elevated.

Past Due and Non-Accrual Loans:

The following table presents an aging of loans at the dates indicated (in thousands):

	December 31, 2022										December 31, 2021
	Current		30 - 59 Days Past Due		60 - 89 Days Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due		Total		Current		30 - 59 Days Past Due		60 - 89 Days Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due		Total
1-4 single family residential	$	7,060,810	$	42,996	$	4,076	$	14,955	$	7,122,837	$	6,261,995	$	53,092	$	5,650	$	17,488	$	6,338,225
Government insured residential	1,025,523		159,461		94,294		492,602		1,771,880		1,034,686		143,672		115,028		729,835		2,023,221
Other consumer loans	5,948		20		—		29		5,997		6,919		15		—		—		6,934
Non-owner occupied commercial real estate	5,391,746		332		4,773		8,746		5,405,597		5,495,034		8,744		11,249		21,321		5,536,348
Construction and land	289,083		3,996		—		1,281		294,360		160,183		492		4,369		346		165,390
Owner occupied commercial real estate	1,881,115		927		—		8,771		1,890,813		1,930,932		—		1,402		12,324		1,944,658
Commercial and industrial	6,396,429		1,581		1,028		15,313		6,414,351		4,763,976		2,114		11,016		13,169		4,790,275
PPP	2,777		—		—		593		3,370		247,740		765		—		—		248,505
Pinnacle	912,122		—		—		—		912,122		919,641		—		—		—		919,641
Bridge - franchise finance	243,574		1,321		—		8,879		253,774		331,397		—		6,735		3,992		342,124
Bridge - equipment finance	286,147		—		—		—		286,147		357,599		—		—		—		357,599
Mortgage warehouse lending	524,740		—		—		—		524,740		1,092,133		—		—		—		1,092,133
	$	24,020,014	$	210,634	$	104,171	$	551,169	$	24,885,988	$	22,602,235	$	208,894	$	155,449	$	798,475	$	23,765,053

Included in the table above is the guaranteed portion of SBA loans past due by 90 days or more totaling $30.8 million and $31.3 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Loans contractually delinquent by 90 days or more and still accruing totaled $494 million and $730 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, substantially all of which were government insured residential loans. These loans are government insured pool buyout loans, which the Company buys out of GNMA securitizations upon default.

The following table presents information about loans on non-accrual status at the dates indicated (in thousands):

	December 31, 2022				December 31, 2021
	Amortized Cost		Amortized Cost With No Related Allowance		Amortized Cost		Amortized Cost With No Related Allowance
Residential and other consumer	$	21,311	$	—	$	28,553	$	1,684
Commercial:
Non-owner occupied commercial real estate	16,657		2,915		50,116		31,794
Construction and land	5,695		3,996		5,164		4,369
Owner occupied commercial real estate	17,751		9,021		20,453		4,457
Commercial and industrial	29,722		6,621		68,720		10,083
Bridge - franchise finance	13,290		1,668		32,879		16,808
	$	104,426	$	24,221	$	205,885	$	69,195

Included in the table above is the guaranteed portion of non-accrual SBA loans totaling $40.3 million and $46.1 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The amount of interest income recognized on non-accrual loans was insignificant for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020. The amount of additional interest income that would have been recognized on non-accrual loans had they performed in accordance with their contractual terms was approximately $5.9 million,$8.0 million and $10.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Collateral dependent loans:

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral dependent loans at the dates indicated (in thousands):

	December 31, 2022				December 31, 2021
	Amortized Cost		Extent to Which Secured by Collateral		Amortized Cost		Extent to Which Secured by Collateral
Residential and other consumer	$	730	$	730	$	2,317	$	2,295
Commercial:
Non-owner occupied commercial real estate	15,144		14,011		39,866		39,351
Construction and land	4,342		4,342		4,715		4,715
Owner occupied commercial real estate	14,906		14,906		15,198		15,155
Commercial and industrial	11,498		10,438		45,015		37,020
Bridge - franchise finance	11,445		3,729		26,055		18,740
Total commercial	57,335		47,426		130,849		114,981
	$	58,065	$	48,156	$	133,166	$	117,276

Collateral for the non-owner occupied commercial real estate and owner-occupied commercial real estate loan classes generally consists of commercial real estate. Collateral for construction and land loans is typically residential or commercial real estate. Collateral for commercial and industrial loans generally consists of equipment, accounts receivable, inventory and other business assets; owner-occupied commercial real estate loans may also be collateralized by these types of assets. Bridge franchise finance loans may be collateralized by franchise value or by equipment. Residential loans are collateralized by residential real estate. There were no significant changes to the extent to which collateral secures collateral dependent loans during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.

Foreclosure of residential real estate

The recorded investment in residential loans in the process of foreclosure was $413 million, of which $400 million was government insured, at December 31, 2022 and $208 million, of which $202 million was government insured, at December 31, 2021. The carrying amount of foreclosed residential real estate included in other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet was insignificant at December 31, 2022 and 2021.

Troubled debt restructurings

The following tables summarize loans that were modified in TDRs during the periods indicated, as well as loans modified during the twelve months preceding December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 that experienced payment defaults during those periods (dollars in thousands):

	Year Ended December 31, 2022
	Loans Modified in TDRs  During the Period			TDRs Experiencing Payment Defaults During the Period
	Number of TDRs	Amortized Cost		Number of TDRs	Amortized Cost
1-4 single family residential	10	$	5,359	—	$	—
Government insured residential	2,589	405,096		1,190	187,708
Owner occupied commercial real estate	2	2,122		1	1,705
Commercial and industrial	19	36,930		3	1,998
Bridge - franchise finance	4	6,329		4	6,329
	2,624	$	455,836	1,198	$	197,740

	Year Ended December 31, 2021
	Loans Modified in TDRs  During the Period			TDRs Experiencing Payment Defaults During the Period
	Number of TDRs	Amortized Cost		Number of TDRs	Amortized Cost
Government insured residential	239	$	45,143	84	$	14,317
Non-owner occupied commercial real estate	1	2,767		—	—
	240	$	47,910	84	$	14,317

	Year Ended December 31, 2020
	Loans Modified in TDRs  During the Period			TDRs Experiencing Payment Defaults During the Period
	Number of TDRs	Amortized Cost		Number of TDRs	Amortized Cost
1-4 single family residential	1	$	201	—	$	—
Government insured residential	201	34,100		86	14,368
Non-owner occupied commercial real estate	1	4,122		1	4,122
Bridge - franchise finance	8	12,964		8	12,964
	211	$	51,387	95	$	31,454

TDRs during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 generally included interest rate reductions and extensions of maturity. Included in TDRs are residential loans to borrowers who have not reaffirmed their debt discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy. The total amount of such loans is not material.

For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, certain loan modifications that otherwise may have been reported as TDRs and that were within the scope of the CARES Act and interagency regulatory guidance issued in response to the COVID-19 pandemic were not reported as TDRs.

Geographic Concentrations

The following table presents the five states with the largest geographic concentrations of 1-4 single family residential loans, excluding government insured residential loans, at the dates indicated (dollars in thousands):

	December 31, 2022				December 31, 2021
	Total		Percent of Total		Total		Percent of Total
California	$	2,273,548	31.9	%	$	2,056,100	32.4	%
New York	1,416,909		19.9	%	1,293,825		20.4	%
Florida	518,297		7.3	%	494,043		7.8	%
Illinois	360,389		5.1	%	306,388		4.8	%
Virginia	314,408		4.4	%	280,898		4.4	%
Others	2,239,286		31.4	%	1,906,971		30.2	%
	$	7,122,837	100.0	%	$	6,338,225	100.0	%

The following table presents the largest geographic concentrations of commercial real estate loans and commercial and industrial loans, including owner occupied commercial real estate, at the dates indicated. Commercial real estate loans are categorized based on the location of the underlying collateral, while commercial and industrial loans are generally categorized based on the location of the borrowers' businesses (dollars in thousands):

	December 31, 2022								December 31, 2021
	Commercial Real Estate		Percent of Total		Commercial		Percent of Total		Commercial Real Estate		Percent of Total		Commercial		Percent of Total
Florida	$	3,432,109	60.2	%	$	3,117,076	37.5	%	$	3,309,614	58.0	%	$	3,369,262	48.2	%
New York Tri-state	1,535,095		26.9	%	2,723,127		32.8	%	1,873,055		32.9	%	1,960,474		28.1	%
Other	732,753		12.9	%	2,468,331		29.7	%	519,069		9.1	%	1,653,702		23.7	%
	$	5,699,957	100.0	%	$	8,308,534	100.0	%	$	5,701,738	100.0	%	$	6,983,438	100.0	%

The following table presents the five states with the largest concentration of commercial loans and leases originated through Bridge and Pinnacle at the dates indicated (dollars in thousands):

	December 31, 2022				December 31, 2021
	Total		Percent of Total		Total		Percent of Total
Florida	$	222,311	15.3	%	$	213,620	13.2	%
California	150,928		10.4	%	199,635		12.3	%
Texas	84,160		5.8	%	110,660		6.8	%
Georgia	64,137		4.4	%	69,415		4.3	%
Utah	60,156		4.1	%	68,954		4.3	%
All Others	870,351		60.0	%	957,080		59.1	%
	$	1,452,043	100.0	%	$	1,619,364	100.0	%