| Investment Securities |
Note 3 Investment Securities Investment securities include investment securities available for sale, marketable equity securities, and investment securities held to maturity. The investment securities portfolio consisted of the following at the dates indicated (in thousands): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | December 31, 2021 | | | Amortized Cost | | Gross Unrealized | | Carrying Value (1) | | | | Gains | | Losses | | | Investment securities available for sale: | | | | | | | | | U.S. Treasury securities | $ | 114,385 | | | $ | 173 | | | $ | (2,898) | | | $ | 111,660 | | U.S. Government agency and sponsored enterprise residential MBS | 2,093,283 | | | 12,934 | | | (8,421) | | | 2,097,796 | | U.S. Government agency and sponsored enterprise commercial MBS | 861,925 | | | 5,287 | | | (10,313) | | | 856,899 | | | | | | | | | | Private label residential MBS and CMOs | 2,160,136 | | | 3,575 | | | (14,291) | | | 2,149,420 | | Private label commercial MBS | 2,604,690 | | | 7,843 | | | (8,523) | | | 2,604,010 | | | Single family real estate-backed securities | 474,845 | | | 5,031 | | | (2,908) | | | 476,968 | | | Collateralized loan obligations | 1,079,217 | | | 598 | | | (1,529) | | | 1,078,286 | | | Non-mortgage asset-backed securities | 151,091 | | | 1,419 | | | — | | | 152,510 | | | State and municipal obligations | 205,718 | | | 16,559 | | | — | | | 222,277 | | | SBA securities | 184,296 | | | 2,027 | | | (2,728) | | | 183,595 | | | | | | | | | | | 9,929,586 | | | $ | 55,446 | | | $ | (51,611) | | | 9,933,421 | | | Investment securities held to maturity | 10,000 | | | | | | | 10,000 | | | $ | 9,939,586 | | | | | | | 9,943,421 | | | Marketable equity securities | | | | | | | 120,777 | | | | | | | | | $ | 10,064,198 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | December 31, 2020 | | | Amortized Cost | | Gross Unrealized | | Carrying Value (1) | | | | Gains | | Losses | | | Investment securities available for sale: | | | | | | | | | U.S. Treasury securities | $ | 79,919 | | | $ | 1,307 | | | $ | (375) | | | $ | 80,851 | | U.S. Government agency and sponsored enterprise residential MBS | 2,389,450 | | | 19,148 | | | (3,028) | | | 2,405,570 | | U.S. Government agency and sponsored enterprise commercial MBS | 531,724 | | | 9,297 | | | (1,667) | | | 539,354 | | | | | | | | | | Private label residential MBS and CMOs | 982,890 | | | 16,274 | | | (561) | | | 998,603 | | Private label commercial MBS(2) | 2,514,271 | | | 24,931 | | | (12,848) | | | 2,526,354 | | | Single family real estate-backed securities | 636,069 | | | 14,877 | | | (58) | | | 650,888 | | | Collateralized loan obligations | 1,148,724 | | | 285 | | | (8,735) | | | 1,140,274 | | | Non-mortgage asset-backed securities | 246,597 | | | 6,898 | | | (234) | | | 253,261 | | | State and municipal obligations | 213,743 | | | 21,966 | | | — | | | 235,709 | | | SBA securities | 233,387 | | | 2,093 | | | (3,935) | | | 231,545 | | | | 8,976,774 | | | $ | 117,076 | | | $ | (31,441) | | | 9,062,409 | | | Investment securities held to maturity | 10,000 | | | | | | | 10,000 | | | $ | 8,986,774 | | | | | | | 9,072,409 | | | Marketable equity securities | | | | | | | 104,274 | | | | | | | | | $ | 9,176,683 | |
(1)At fair value except for securities held to maturity. (2)Amortized cost is net of ACL totaling $0.4 million at December 31, 2020. Investment securities held to maturity at December 31, 2021 and 2020 consisted of one State of Israel bond maturing in 2024. Accrued interest receivable on investments totaled $16 million and $17 million at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and is included in other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. At December 31, 2021, contractual maturities of investment securities available for sale, adjusted for anticipated prepayments when applicable, were as follows (in thousands): | | | | | | | | | | | | | Amortized Cost | | Fair Value | | Due in one year or less | $ | 1,651,375 | | | $ | 1,646,232 | | | Due after one year through five years | 5,915,112 | | | 5,929,475 | | | Due after five years through ten years | 1,933,775 | | | 1,929,493 | | | Due after ten years | 429,324 | | | 428,221 | | | | $ | 9,929,586 | | | $ | 9,933,421 | |
The carrying value of securities pledged as collateral for FHLB advances, public deposits, interest rate swaps and to secure borrowing capacity at the FRB totaled $4.0 billion and $4.1 billion at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The following table provides information about gains and losses on investment securities for the periods indicated (in thousands): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Years Ended December 31, | | | | | | | 2021 | | 2020 | | 2019 | | Proceeds from sale of investment securities AFS | | | | | $ | 2,286,600 | | | $ | 1,503,498 | | | $ | 2,975,259 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Gross realized gains on investment securities AFS | | | | | $ | 10,005 | | | $ | 14,441 | | | $ | 21,961 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Gross realized losses on investment securities AFS | | | | | (995) | | | (440) | | | (3,424) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Net realized gain | | | | | 9,010 | | | 14,001 | | | 18,537 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Net unrealized gains (losses) on marketable equity securities recognized in earnings | | | | | (2,564) | | | 3,766 | | | 2,637 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Gain on investment securities, net | | | | | $ | 6,446 | | | $ | 17,767 | | | $ | 21,174 | |
The following tables present the aggregate fair value and the aggregate amount by which amortized cost exceeded fair value for investment securities available for sale in unrealized loss positions aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities had been in continuous unrealized loss positions at the dates indicated (in thousands): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | December 31, 2021 | | | | | Less than 12 Months | | 12 Months or Greater | | Total | | | Fair Value | | Unrealized Losses | | Fair Value | | Unrealized Losses | | Fair Value | | Unrealized Losses | U.S. Treasury securities | $ | 49,328 | | | $ | (591) | | | $ | 47,102 | | | $ | (2,307) | | | $ | 96,430 | | | $ | (2,898) | | U.S. Government agency and sponsored enterprise residential MBS | 436,744 | | | (4,549) | | | 401,022 | | | (3,872) | | | 837,766 | | | (8,421) | | U.S. Government agency and sponsored enterprise commercial MBS | 247,323 | | | (4,084) | | | 163,380 | | | (6,229) | | | 410,703 | | | (10,313) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Private label residential MBS and CMOs | 1,552,946 | | | (13,933) | | | 23,355 | | | (358) | | | 1,576,301 | | | (14,291) | | Private label commercial MBS | 1,338,288 | | | (6,085) | | | 171,490 | | | (2,438) | | | 1,509,778 | | | (8,523) | | | Single family real estate-backed securities | 154,552 | | | (2,908) | | | — | | | — | | | 154,552 | | | (2,908) | | | Collateralized loan obligations | 318,555 | | | (445) | | | 319,192 | | | (1,084) | | | 637,747 | | | (1,529) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | SBA securities | 496 | | | — | | | 99,599 | | | (2,728) | | | 100,095 | | | (2,728) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 4,098,232 | | | $ | (32,595) | | | $ | 1,225,140 | | | $ | (19,016) | | | $ | 5,323,372 | | | $ | (51,611) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | December 31, 2020 | | | | | Less than 12 Months | | 12 Months or Greater | | Total | | | Fair Value | | Unrealized Losses | | Fair Value | | Unrealized Losses | | Fair Value | | Unrealized Losses | U.S. Treasury securities | $ | 24,369 | | | $ | (375) | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 24,369 | | | $ | (375) | | U.S. Government agency and sponsored enterprise residential MBS | 220,179 | | | (320) | | | 370,727 | | | (2,708) | | | 590,906 | | | (3,028) | | U.S. Government agency and sponsored enterprise commercial MBS | 152,233 | | | (1,412) | | | 44,255 | | | (255) | | | 196,488 | | | (1,667) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Private label residential MBS and CMOs | 141,407 | | | (561) | | | — | | | — | | | 141,407 | | | (561) | | Private label commercial MBS | 1,268,381 | | | (12,771) | | | 37,783 | | | (77) | | | 1,306,164 | | | (12,848) | | | Single family real estate-backed securities | 28,758 | | | (58) | | | — | | | — | | | 28,758 | | | (58) | | | Collateralized loan obligations | 304,051 | | | (1,171) | | | 588,463 | | | (7,564) | | | 892,514 | | | (8,735) | | Non-mortgage asset-backed securities | — | | | — | | | 12,327 | | | (234) | | | 12,327 | | | (234) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | SBA securities | 26,240 | | | (298) | | | 104,598 | | | (3,637) | | | 130,838 | | | (3,935) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | $ | 2,165,618 | | | $ | (16,966) | | | $ | 1,158,153 | | | $ | (14,475) | | | $ | 3,323,771 | | | $ | (31,441) | |
The Company monitors its investment securities available for sale for credit loss impairment on an individual security basis. No securities were determined to be credit loss impaired during the year ended December 31, 2021. An ACL was recorded related to one private label commercial MBS security during the year ended December 31, 2020. At December 31, 2021, the Company did not have an intent to sell securities that were in unrealized loss positions and it was not more likely than not that the Company would be required to sell these securities before recovery of the amortized cost basis, which may be at maturity. In making this determination, the Company considered its current and projected liquidity position, its investment policy as to permissible holdings and concentration limits, regulatory requirements and other relevant factors. At December 31, 2021, 244 securities available for sale were in unrealized loss positions. The unrealized losses are primarily attributable to changes in interest rates and widening spreads, signaling market anticipation of changes in monetary policy. The amount of impairment related to 72 of these securities was considered insignificant both individually and in the aggregate, totaling approximately $0.6 million and no further analysis with respect to these securities was considered necessary. For U.S. Government, U.S. government agency and U.S. government sponsored enterprise securities, the timely payment of principal and interest is explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. Government. As such, there is an assumption of zero credit loss and the Company expects to recover the entire amortized cost basis of these securities. For all other AFS securities in a significant unrealized loss position, the Company performed an analysis by first determining the present value of cash flows expected to be collected, based on an economic scenario calibrated to be more severe than our reasonable and supportable economic forecast. The present value was then compared to the amortized cost basis to identify possible impairment. The analysis incorporated assumptions about voluntary prepayment rates, collateral defaults, delinquencies, severity, recovery lag and other relevant factors. Our analysis also considered the structural characteristics of each security and the level of credit enhancement provided by that structure.
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