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Equity Based Compensation
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract]  
Equity Based Compensation
Equity Based and Other Compensation Plans
Share Awards
Unvested share awards
During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company granted 618,306 unvested share awards under the 2014 Plan. All of the shares vest in equal annual installments over a period of three years from the date of grant. The shares granted were valued at the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant, ranging from $33.21 to $40.84, and had an aggregate fair value of $24.9 million. The total unrecognized compensation cost of $26.7 million for all unvested share awards outstanding at September 30, 2017 will be recognized over a weighted average remaining period of 1.98 years.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company granted 644,888 unvested share awards under the 2014 Plan. All of the shares vest in equal annual installments over a period of three years from the date of grant. The shares granted were valued at the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant, ranging from $29.78 to $33.76, and had an aggregate fair value of $20.0 million.
Executive share-based awards
Certain of the Company's executives are eligible to receive annual awards of RSUs and PSUs (collectively, the "share units"). Annual awards of RSUs represent a fixed number of shares and vest in equal tranches over three years. PSUs are initially granted based on a target value. The number of PSUs that ultimately vest at the end of a three-year performance measurement period will be based on the achievement of performance criteria pre-established by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. The performance criteria established for the PSUs granted in 2017 and 2016 include both performance and market conditions. Upon vesting, the share units will be converted to common stock on a one-for-one basis, or may be settled in cash at the Company's option. The share units will accumulate dividends declared on the Company's common stock from the date of grant to be paid subsequent to vesting.
The first tranche of RSUs granted vested on December 31, 2016. The Company cash settled these share units in the amount of $0.8 million during the first quarter of 2017. As a result of this cash settlement, all RSUs and PSUs have been determined to be liability instruments and will be remeasured at fair value each reporting period until the awards are settled. The RSUs are valued based on the closing price of the Company's common stock at the reporting date. The PSUs are valued based on the closing price of the Company's common stock at the reporting date net of a discount related to any applicable market conditions, considering the probability of meeting the defined performance conditions. Compensation cost related to PSUs is recognized during the performance period based on the probable outcome of the respective performance conditions.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, 47,848 RSUs and 47,848 PSUs were granted. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, 57,873 RSUs and 57,873 PSUs were granted. The total liability for the share units was $2.6 million at September 30, 2017. The total unrecognized compensation cost of $5.3 million for these share units at September 30, 2017 will be recognized over a weighted average remaining period of 2.18 years.
The 618,306 unvested share awards granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, as discussed above, included 25,321 unvested share awards granted to certain of the Company's executives based on the achievement of performance criteria pre-established by the Compensation Committee for the year ended December 31, 2016.
Incentive awards
Beginning in 2017, the Company's annual incentive compensation arrangements provide for settlement through a combination of cash payments and unvested share awards following the end of the annual performance period. The dollar value of share awards to be granted is based on the achievement of performance criteria established in the incentive arrangements. The number of shares of common stock to be awarded is variable based on the closing price of the Company's stock on the date of grant; therefore, these awards are initially classified as liability instruments, with compensation cost recognized from the beginning of the performance period. The awards vest in equal installments over a period of three years from the date of grant. The total liability for the incentive share awards was $1.2 million at September 30, 2017. The total unrecognized compensation cost of $5.3 million for these share awards at September 30, 2017 will be recognized over a weighted average remaining period of 3.25 years. The accrued liability and unrecognized compensation cost are based on management's current estimate of the likely outcome of the performance criteria established in the incentive arrangements and may differ from actual results.
Option Awards
A summary of activity related to stock option awards for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 follows:
 
Number of
Option
Awards
 
Weighted
Average
Exercise Price
Option awards outstanding, December 31, 2016
3,602,076

 
$
26.74

Exercised
(2,304,108
)
 
26.70

Option awards outstanding and exercisable, September 30, 2017
1,297,968

 
$
26.81

Activity related to stock option awards for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 was not significant. The intrinsic value of options exercised and the related tax benefit was $25.3 million and $3.8 million, respectively, during the nine months ended September 30, 2017.