Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(5)
Registration No. 333-230053

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE

Title of Each Class of Securities to be Registered	Amount to be Registered(1)	Proposed Maximum Offering Price Per Share	Proposed Maximum Aggregate Offering Price	Amount of Registration Fee(2)
Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share	20,444,444	$9.00	$183,999,996	$23,884

(1) Includes shares of Common Stock that may be purchased by the underwriters pursuant to their option to purchase additional shares of Common Stock.

(2) The registration fee is calculated and being paid pursuant to Rule 457(r) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and related to the Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-230053) filed by the Registrant on March 4, 2019.

Prospectus supplement

(To prospectus dated March 4, 2019)

17,777,778 shares

Common stock

We are offering 17,777,778 shares of our common stock.

Our common stock is listed on The New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “NVTA.” On April 1, 2020, the last reported sale price of shares of our common stock on The New York Stock Exchange was $11.71 per share.

	Per share		Total
Public offering price	$	9.00	$	160,000,002
Underwriting discounts and commissions(1)	$	0.54	$	9,600,000
Proceeds to Invitae Corporation, before expenses	$	8.46	$	150,400,002

(1) See “Underwriting” for a description of the compensation payable to the underwriters.

We have granted the underwriters an option for a period of 30 days to purchase up to 2,666,666 additional shares of our common stock.

Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. See the section entitled “Risk factors” beginning on page S-9 of this prospectus supplement.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The underwriters expect to deliver the shares to purchasers on or about April 6, 2020.

J.P. Morgan Cowen        

April 1, 2020

Table of contents

	Page
Prospectus supplement
About this prospectus supplement		S-1
Prospectus supplement summary		S-2
The offering		S-7
Risk factors		S-9
Forward-looking statements		S-13
Use of proceeds		S-14
Dividend policy		S-15
Dilution		S-16
Material U.S. federal income tax consequences to non-U.S. holders		S-18
Underwriting		S-22
Legal matters		S-29
Experts		S-29
Where you can find more information		S-29
	Page
Prospectus
About this prospectus		1
Risk factors		1
Invitae Corporation		1
Forward-looking statements		3
Use of proceeds		3
Description of capital stock		3
Plan of distribution		7
Legal matters		9
Experts		9
Where you can find more information		9

About this prospectus supplement

This document contains two parts. The first part is this prospectus supplement, which describes the specific terms of this offering and also supplements and updates information contained in the accompanying prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. The second part is the accompanying prospectus, which provides more general information, some of which may not apply to this offering. If the information contained in this prospectus supplement differs or varies from the information contained in the accompanying prospectus, you should rely on the information set forth in this prospectus supplement.

You should rely only on the information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. We have not, and the underwriters have not, authorized anyone else to provide you with information that is in addition to or different from that contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, along with the information contained in any permitted free writing prospectuses we have authorized for use in connection with this offering.

We are offering to sell, and seeking offers to buy, shares of our common stock only in jurisdictions where offers and sales are permitted. The information contained in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus is accurate only as of the date of this prospectus supplement or the date of the accompanying prospectus, and the information in the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus is accurate only as of the date of those respective documents, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus or of any sale of our common stock. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates. It is important for you to read and consider all information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus in making your investment decision. You should read both this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, as well as the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus and the additional information described under “Where You Can Find More Information” in this prospectus supplement and in the accompanying prospectus, before investing in our common stock.

Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, references in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus to “Invitae,” the “company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Invitae Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries.

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Prospectus supplement summary

This summary highlights certain information about us and this offering. Because it is a summary, it does not contain all of the information that you should consider before investing. Before investing in our common stock, you should read this entire prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus carefully, including the “Risk factors,” and the financial statements and accompanying notes and other information incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus.

Our company

We offer high-quality, comprehensive, affordable genetic testing across multiple clinical areas, including hereditary cancer, cardiology, neurology, pediatrics, metabolic conditions and rare diseases. To augment our offering and realize our mission, we have acquired multiple assets including four businesses in 2017, which expanded our suite of genome management offerings and completed our entry into prenatal and perinatal genetic testing. In the first quarter of 2019, we expanded our reproductive offering by introducing our Non-invasive Prenatal Screen and in the second quarter of 2019, we acquired Singular Bio, Inc. to assist in lowering the costs of this offering. Also in June 2019, we launched a direct channel to consumers to increase accessibility to our testing platform. In July 2019, we acquired Jungla Inc. to further enhance our genetic variant interpretation and the quality of results we deliver. In November 2019, we acquired Clear Genetics, Inc. to expand our ability to scale and deliver genetic information.

We have experienced rapid growth. For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, our revenue was $216.8 million, $147.7 million and $68.2 million, respectively and we incurred net losses of $242.0 million, $129.4 million and $123.4 million, respectively. At December 31, 2019, our accumulated deficit was $758.7 million. To meet the demands of scaling our business, we increased our number of employees to approximately 1,300 at December 31, 2019 from approximately 800 on December 31, 2018. Our sales force grew to approximately 230 at December 31, 2019 from approximately 130 at December 31, 2018. We expect headcount will continue to increase as we add staff to support anticipated growth.

Sales of our tests have grown significantly. In 2019, 2018 and 2017, we generated approximately 469,000, 292,000 and 145,000 billable tests, respectively. Through December 31, 2019, approximately 34% of the billable tests we performed have been billable to institutions and patients, and the remainder have been billable to third-party payers. Many of the gene tests on our assays are tests for which insurers reimburse. However, when we do not have reimbursement policies or contracts with private insurers, our claims for reimbursement may be denied upon submission, and we must appeal the claims. The appeals process is time consuming and expensive, and may not result in payment. Even if we are successful in achieving reimbursement, we may be paid at lower rates than if we were under contract with the third-party payer. When there is not a contracted rate for reimbursement, there is typically a greater coinsurance or copayment requirement from the patient which may result in further delay in payment for these tests.

We expect to incur operating losses for the near-term future and may need to raise additional capital in order to fund our operations. If we are unable to achieve our revenue growth objectives and successfully manage our costs, we may not be able to achieve profitability.

We believe that the keys to our future growth will be to increase billable test volumes, achieve broad reimbursement coverage for our tests from third-party payers, drive down the price for genetic analysis and interpretation, steadily increase the amount of genetic content we offer, consistently improve the client experience, drive physician and patient utilization of our website for ordering and delivery of results and increase the number of strategic partners working with us to add value for our clients.

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Recent developments

Recent acquisitions

On March 10, 2020, we acquired Orbicule BV which operates under the name “Diploid.” Diploid develops an artificial intelligence software capable of diagnosing genetic disorders based on next-generation sequencing data and patient information. The addition of such software to our variant interpretation infrastructure is intended to extend its ability to quickly and efficiently turn large amounts of genetic data and phenotypic information into actionable reports for patients and clinicians. The consideration paid for Diploid consisted of (i) 2,800,623 shares of our common stock, with a portion of such stock consideration subject to a hold-back to satisfy any indemnification obligations, and (ii) approximately $32.0 million in cash.

On April 1, 2020, we acquired YouScript Incorporated as well as Genetic Solutions, LLC which operates under the name “Genelex.” YouScript has a clinical decision support and analytics platform and Genelex is a pharmacogenetic testing company. The YouScript and Genelex transactions add pharmacogenetic testing and integrated clinical decision support to the services we are able to offer. The consideration for YouScript consisted of 2,293,452 shares of our common stock and $25.0 million in cash, with a portion of such cash and stock consideration subject to a hold-back to satisfy any indemnification obligations. The consideration for Genelex consisted of (i) an upfront amount of 874,823 shares of our common stock, with a portion of such consideration subject to a hold-back to satisfy any indemnification obligations, and (ii) payment of additional shares of our common stock if, within a specified period following a closing, Genelex achieves a certain product milestone, with the amount of such additional shares determined as a portion of the gross revenues we actually receive for that product and similar products during an earn-out period of up to four years.

Preliminary estimated first quarter 2020 financial results and other data (unaudited)

Our estimated unaudited financial results and certain business metrics as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2020 presented below are preliminary and are subject to the close of the quarter, completion of our quarter-end closing procedures and further financial review. The preliminary financial and business information presented below has been prepared by and is the responsibility of our management and is based upon information available to us as of the date of this prospectus supplement. Our independent registered public accounting firm has not audited, reviewed, compiled or performed any procedures with respect to this preliminary financial information. Accordingly, our independent registered public accounting firm does not express an opinion or any other form of assurance with respect thereto. These estimates are not a comprehensive statement of our financial results for this period and should not be viewed as a substitute for interim financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Our actual results may differ from these estimates as a result of the completion of our quarter-end closing procedures, review adjustments and other developments that may arise between now and the time our financial results for the period are finalized. Our financial statements for the quarter ended March 31, 2020 will not be available until after this offering is completed, and consequently will not be available to you prior to investing in this offering.

Preliminary estimated first quarter 2020 results are summarized below:

• Revenue for the first quarter of 2020 is expected to be more than $63.0 million, an increase of over 55% compared to $40.6 million in the same period in 2019.

• Accessions are expected to be more than 152,000, an increase of over 60% compared to approximately 94,000 in the same period in 2019.

• Billable tests are expected to be more than 147,000, an increase of over 65% compared to approximately 87,000 in the same period in 2019.

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• Cost of revenue is expected to be between $40.0 million and $44.0 million, compared with $21.3 million in the same period in 2019. Non-GAAP cost of revenue is expected to be between $37.0 million and $41.0 million. We have not included non-GAAP cost of revenue for the comparable period in 2019 because we have not previously reported that information.

• Operating expenses, which exclude cost of revenue, for the first quarter of 2020 are expected to be between $128.0 million and $133.0 million, compared to $55.5 million in the same period in 2019. This number includes stock-based compensation and acquisition costs which are difficult to predict prior to the quarter close.

• Non-GAAP operating expenses, which exclude cost of revenue, for the first quarter of 2020 are expected to be between $110.0 million and $115.0 million. This number excludes amortization of acquired intangible assets, acquisition-related stock-based compensation and post-combination expenses. We have not included non-GAAP operating expenses for the comparable period in 2019 because we have not previously reported that information.

• Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and marketable securities is expected to total over $298.0 million as of March 31, 2020, as compared with $398.0 million at December 31, 2019. Our net decrease in cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and marketable securities was less than $100.0 million. We are providing our change in cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and marketable securities in the aggregate as the allocation between cash equivalents and marketable securities is not yet available.

• Non-GAAP cash burn is expected to be less than $100.0 million, or less than $68.0 million when excluding $32.0 million for cash paid in our acquisition of Diploid. Non-GAAP cash burn in the fourth quarter of 2019 was $75.5 million, or $50.0 million when excluding various acquisition-related expenses. Non-GAAP cash burn increased compared to the fourth quarter of 2019 due primarily to personnel costs (including one extra payroll, additional headcount mostly in R&D and sales and marketing and bonuses), and lower collections, due to typical seasonality of payments.

These estimates are preliminary and may change. In addition, these preliminary results for the three months ended March 31, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be achieved for the remainder of the fiscal year ending December 31, 2020 or in any future period, in particular due to the impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. There can be no assurance that these estimates will be realized, and estimates are subject to risks and uncertainties, many of which are not within our control. See the sections entitled “Risk factors” and “Forward-looking statements” of this prospectus supplement and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Non-GAAP financial measures

In addition to the preliminary financial information presented in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP, we are providing certain preliminary non-GAAP financial measures. Management uses these financial measures in the management of our business and believes these non-GAAP financial measures are useful to investors in evaluating our ongoing operating results and trends. The preliminary non-GAAP financial measures have limitations as analytical tools, and you should not consider them in isolation or as substitute for the most directly comparable preliminary financial measures prepared in accordance with GAAP. There are a number of limitations related to the use of these non-GAAP financial measures versus their nearest GAAP equivalents. Other companies, including companies in our industry, may calculate non-GAAP financial measures differently or may use other measures to evaluate their performance,

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all of which could reduce the usefulness of our preliminary non-GAAP financial measures as tools for comparison. Potential investors should not to rely on any single financial measure to evaluate our business. Reconciliations for historical periods are included in exhibits to our Current Reports on Form 8-K for the applicable periods, and a reconciliation of certain of our preliminary non-GAAP financial measures for the quarter ended March 31, 2020 to the most directly comparable preliminary GAAP financial measure appears below. However, certain of these measures and components of those measures cannot be reasonably projected or can only be projected at a summary level at this time. For example, some presented adjustments required for these reconciliations are estimates, and sufficient information is not available at this time to calculate certain adjustments required for such reconciliations, including stock-based compensation, amortization of intangible assets, income tax expense (benefit), and foreign currency (gains) losses, and, additionally, the accounting impact of our recent acquisition of Diploid is still in process. These components could significantly impact actual expenses incurred and net changes in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash.

Reconciliation of preliminary estimated GAAP and Non-GAAP cost of revenue

(in millions)

(unaudited)

	Three months ending March 31, 2020
	Lower			Upper
GAAP cost of revenue	$	40		$	44
Amortization of acquired intangible assets		(3	)		(3	)
Non-GAAP cost of revenue	$	37		$	41

Reconciliation of preliminary estimated GAAP and Non-GAAP operating expenses

(in millions)

(unaudited)

	Three months ending March 31, 2020
	Lower			Upper
GAAP operating expenses	$	128		$	133
Amortization of acquired intangible assets		(1	)		(1	)
Acquisition-related stock-based compensation		(17	)		(17	)
Non-GAAP operating expenses	$	110		$	115

Business update

The first quarter of 2020 was our strongest fiscal quarter to date for business volumes, reflecting substantial growth in accessions and total revenue over the first quarter of 2019. However, our test volumes began decreasing significantly in the second half of March 2020 as a result of COVID-19 and related limitations and priorities across the healthcare system. While it is too early to predict the full impact COVID-19 will have on our business, we expect it to have a material impact on our financial results for at least the next quarter and potentially the full year. In response to the pandemic we have implemented measures to protect the health of all of our employees during this time with additional measures in place to better protect our on-site lab production and support teams. Our production facilities currently remain fully operational.

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Many announced healthcare guidelines call for a shift of regular physician visits and healthcare delivery activities to remote/telehealth formats. This is particularly important for patients who, despite the fall-out from COVID-19, continue to be diagnosed with critical diseases, like cancer, and for women who are pregnant or are trying to conceive. We believe our investments in new access platforms and technologies will position us well to provide a range of testing to clinicians and patients using a “clinical care from afar” model. An example is our planned rollout in April 2020 of our Gia telehealth platform. Gia, developed by Clear Genetics which we acquired in 2019, expands access to remote interaction between patients and clinicians as well as direct ordering of genetic tests. Such access could help to counteract some of the adverse in-office impacts of COVID-19, allowing continuation of key testing categories in a safe environment.

Given the unknown duration and extent of COVID-19’s impact on our business, and the healthcare system in general, we are withdrawing our guidance for 2020 and adapting our spending and investment levels to evolving market conditions, including efforts to focus operating expense on increasing gross profit, putting additional hiring on hold, otherwise managing cash burn, and focusing commercial execution on workflows that support remote ordering, online support and telehealth. We plan to provide more information during our first quarter of 2020 earnings call based on the information available at that time.

Corporate information

We were incorporated in the state of Delaware on January 13, 2010, as Locus Development, Inc. and changed our name to Invitae Corporation in 2012. Our principal executive offices are located at 1400 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94103 and our telephone number is (415) 374-7782. Our website address is www.invitae.com. We do not incorporate the information on, or accessible through, our website into this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus, and you should not consider any information on, or accessible through, our website as part of this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus.

Invitae, and the Invitae logo are our trademarks. This prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus may also contain trademarks and trade names that are the property of their respective owners. We do not intend our use or display of other companies’ trade names, trademarks or service marks to imply relationships with, or endorsements or sponsorship of us by, these other companies.

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The offering

Common stock offered by us 17,777,778 shares

Common stock to be outstanding immediately after the offering
116,573,838 shares

Option to purchase additional shares
The underwriters have a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 2,666,666 shares of common stock.

Use of proceeds We currently intend to use the net proceeds from this offering for working capital and other general corporate purposes. We may also use a portion of the net proceeds from this offering to acquire or invest in complementary businesses, assets or technologies, although we have no present commitments or agreements to do so, except for the YouScript transaction. While such amount was paid from our existing cash and cash equivalents, our April 1, 2020 acquisition of YouScript entailed a cash component of the total consideration payable of approximately $25.0 million. See “Use of proceeds.”

Risk factors See “Risk factors” for a discussion of factors you should consider carefully before deciding to invest in our common stock.

NYSE symbol “NVTA”

The number of shares of common stock to be outstanding immediately after this offering is based on 98,796,060 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2019 and excludes:

• 3,474,281 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of stock options outstanding as of December 31, 2019 under our equity incentive plans, with a weighted-average exercise price of $9.38 per share;

• 8,885,272 shares of common stock issuable upon vesting of restricted stock units as of December 31, 2019 under our equity incentive plans;

• 5,444,054 shares of common stock available for future issuance under our 2015 Stock Incentive Plan;

• 577,106 shares of common stock available for future issuance under our Employee Stock Purchase Plan;

• 124,913 shares of common stock issuable upon the conversion of our Series A convertible preferred stock;

• 580,062 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of warrants to purchase common stock outstanding as of December 31, 2019, with a weighted-average exercise price of $6.98 per share; and

• with respect to acquisitions closed in 2019, up to 622,104 shares of common stock issuable in 2020 in connection with the release of hold-back shares and up to $13.5 million in shares of common stock issuable in the event that certain milestones are achieved.

Also excluded are (i) an additional 3,951,842 and 987,960 shares of common stock that became available for future issuance under our 2015 Stock Incentive Plan and Employee Stock Purchase Plan, respectively, as of January 1, 2020, (ii) 2,378,307 shares of common stock that were issued in respect of our March 10, 2020 acquisition of Diploid, plus 422,316 shares that are subject to a hold-back arrangement and up to $5.0 million in

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restricted stock units that will be granted to continuing Diploid employees, (iii) 1,832,997 shares of common stock that were issued in respect of our April 1, 2020 acquisition of YouScript, plus 460,455 shares that are subject to a hold-back arrangement, (iv) 808,142 shares of common stock that were issued in respect of our April 1, 2020 acquisition of Genelex, plus 66,681 shares that are subject to a hold-back arrangement as well as additional shares of common stock potentially issuable until March 31, 2025 if a certain product milestone is achieved with respect to the Genelex transaction, with the amount of such shares to be based on a portion of the gross revenues we thereafter receive for that product and similar products, and (v) shares of common stock that may be issuable in the event our 2.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024 become convertible, with such Notes having an initial conversion price of approximately $29.74 per share and thus approximately 11,770,255 shares of common stock being issuable at such price assuming conversion of the full $350 million in principal at such price. In addition, the number of shares of our common stock to be outstanding immediately after this offering excludes up to $93.7 million of our common stock available for sale as of December 31, 2019 pursuant to our Sales Agreement with Cowen and Company, LLC, or Cowen, as amended as of February 28, 2019, providing for sales of shares of our common stock in at the market offerings, or the ATM Agreement.

Except as otherwise indicated, all information in this prospectus supplement assumes no exercise by the underwriters of their option to purchase additional shares.

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Risk factors

Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. Before making an investment decision, you should carefully consider the risks described below and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, any amendment or update thereto reflected in our subsequent filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, and all of the other information in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, including our financial statements and related notes incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. If any of these risks is realized, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects could be materially and adversely affected. In that event, the trading price of our common stock could decline and you could lose part or all of your investment. Additional risks and uncertainties that are not yet identified or that we think are immaterial may also materially harm our business, operating results and financial condition and could result in a complete loss of your investment.

Risks related to our business

We face risks related to health epidemics, including the recent COVID-19 pandemic, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

Our business has been and could continue to be adversely affected by a widespread outbreak of contagious disease, including the recent pandemic of respiratory illness caused by a novel coronavirus known as COVID-19. Global health concerns relating to the COVID-19 pandemic have been weighing on the macroeconomic environment, and the pandemic has significantly increased economic volatility and uncertainty.

The pandemic has resulted in government authorities implementing numerous measures to try to contain the virus, such as travel bans and restrictions, quarantines, shelter-in-place or stay-at-home orders, and business shutdowns. For example, our personnel located at our headquarters and other offices in California, elsewhere in the United States and in other countries, are currently subject to shelter-in-place or stay-at-home orders from state and local governments. These measures have adversely impacted and may further impact our employees and operations and the operations of our customers, suppliers and business partners, and may negatively impact spending patterns, payment cycles and insurance coverage levels. These measures have adversely affected and may continue to adversely affect demand for our tests. Many of our customers, including hospitals and clinics, have suspended non-emergency appointments and services, which has resulted in a significant decrease in our test volume. Travel bans, restrictions and border closures have also impacted our ability to ship test kits to and receive samples from our customers. In addition, certain aspects of our business, such as laboratory processes, cannot be conducted remotely. These measures by government authorities may remain in place for a significant period of time and they are likely to continue to adversely affect our test volume, sales activities and results of operations.

The spread of COVID-19 has caused us to modify our business practices (including employee travel, mandating that all non-essential personnel work from home, temporary closures of our offices, and cancellation of physical participation in sales activities, meetings, events and conferences), and we may take further actions as may be required by government authorities or that we determine are in the best interests of our employees, customers and business partners. Such actions could also impact our ability to fully integrate businesses we have acquired and those we may acquire in the future. There is no certainty that such actions will be sufficient to mitigate the risks posed by the virus or otherwise be satisfactory to government authorities. If significant portions of our workforce are unable to work effectively, including due to illness, quarantines, social distancing, government actions or other restrictions in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic, our operations will be impacted.

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The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic impacts our business, results of operations and financial condition will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including, but not limited to, the duration and spread of the pandemic, its severity, the actions to contain the virus or treat its impact, and how quickly and to what extent normal economic and operating activities can resume. The COVID-19 pandemic could limit the ability of our customers, suppliers and business partners to perform, including third-party payers’ ability to make timely payments to us during and following the pandemic. We may also experience a shortage of laboratory supplies or a suspension of services from other laboratories or third parties. Even after the COVID-19 pandemic has subsided, we may continue to experience an adverse impact to our business as a result of its global economic impact, including any recession that has occurred or may occur in the future.

Specifically, difficult macroeconomic conditions, such as decreases in per capita income and level of disposable income, increased and prolonged unemployment or a decline in consumer confidence as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as limited or significantly reduced points of access of our tests, could have a material adverse effect on the demand for our tests. Under difficult economic conditions, consumers may seek to reduce discretionary spending by forgoing our tests. Decreased demand for our tests, particularly in the United States, could negatively affect our overall financial performance. Because a significant portion of our revenue is concentrated in the United States, where the impact of COVID-19 has been significant, the COVID-19 pandemic could have a disproportionately negative impact on our business and financial results.

There are no comparable recent events which may provide guidance as to the effect of the spread of COVID-19 and a pandemic, and, as a result, the ultimate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic or a similar health epidemic is highly uncertain and subject to change. We do not yet know the full extent of COVID-19’s impact on our business, our operations, or the global economy as a whole. However, the effects could have a material impact on our results of operations, and we will continue to monitor the situation closely.

Our actual results for the first quarter of 2020 may be different than the preliminary estimated results included elsewhere in this prospectus supplement.

Our preliminary estimated results for the first quarter of 2020 are unaudited and subject to change as the quarter actually ends, and we close our books and complete the quarter end closing process and prepare financial statements for the quarter, including finalizing the accounting for our recent acquisition of Diploid. Preliminary estimated financial results are inherently subject to business, economic, regulatory, market, financial and competitive uncertainties and contingencies and other future events, as well as matters specific to our business, all of which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond our control. The inclusion of preliminary estimated financial information herein should not be regarded as an indication that we consider such preliminary estimated financial information to be predictive of actual or future results, in particular in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. Actual results for the quarter may be materially different than the preliminary estimated results presented and our estimated preliminary results should not be relied upon as being necessarily indicative of actual results, and you are cautioned not to place undue reliance on this preliminary financial information. Furthermore, the preliminary financial results do not take into account any circumstances or events occurring after the date they were prepared.

Risks related to this offering

Purchasers in this offering will experience immediate and substantial dilution in the book value of their investment.

Purchasers of our common stock in this offering will experience immediate dilution in the net tangible book value of the common stock purchased in this offering because the price per share of common stock in this

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offering is substantially higher than the net tangible book value per share of our common stock outstanding immediately after this offering. Our net tangible book value as of December 31, 2019 was approximately $127.7 million, or $1.29 per share of our common stock. Based on the offering price of $9.00 per share, and after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us, our adjusted net tangible book value as of December 31, 2019, would have been approximately $277.6 million, or approximately $2.38 per share of our common stock. As a result, if you purchase shares of common stock in this offering, you would suffer immediate and substantial dilution of $6.62 per share with respect to the net tangible book value of the common stock. See “Dilution” in this prospectus supplement for a detailed discussion of the dilution you will incur if you purchase shares in this offering.

We will have broad discretion in how we use the net proceeds of this offering. We may not use these proceeds effectively, which could affect our results of operations and cause our stock price to decline.

Although we currently intend to use the net proceeds from this offering in the manner described in the section entitled “Use of proceeds” in this prospectus supplement, we will have considerable discretion in the application of the net proceeds of this offering. We may use the net proceeds for purposes that do not yield a significant return or any return at all for our stockholders. In addition, pending their use, we may invest the net proceeds from this offering in a manner that does not produce income or that loses value. If we do not invest or apply the net proceeds from this offering in ways that enhance stockholder value, we may fail to achieve expected financial results, which could cause our stock price to decline.

If we raise additional capital in the future, your ownership in us could be diluted.

Any issuance of equity we may undertake in the future to raise additional capital, including pursuant to the ATM Agreement, could cause the price of our common stock to decline, or require us to issue shares at a price that is lower than that paid by holders of our common stock in the past, which would result in those newly issued shares being dilutive. The holders of our 2.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024 have rights senior to your rights as a common stockholder. If we obtain further funds through a credit facility or through the issuance of debt or preferred securities, these securities would likely also have rights senior to your rights as a common shareholder, which could impair the value of our common stock.

We have never paid dividends on our capital stock and we do not anticipate paying dividends in the foreseeable future.

We have never paid dividends on any of our capital stock and currently intend to retain any future earnings to fund the growth of our business. In addition, the terms of our 2.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024 restrict our ability to pay cash dividends on our common stock. Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on our financial condition, operating results, capital requirements, general business conditions and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant. As a result, capital appreciation, if any, of our common stock will be the sole source of gain for the foreseeable future.

Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market could cause our stock price to fall.

Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market or the perception that these sales might occur could depress the market price of our common stock and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. We are unable to predict the effect that sales may have on the prevailing market price of our common stock. In addition, the sale of substantial amounts of our common stock could adversely impact its price.

As of December 31, 2019, we had outstanding 98,796,060 shares of our common stock, options to purchase 3,474,281 shares of our common stock (of which 3,019,048 were exercisable as of that date), restricted stock

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units representing 8,885,272 shares of our common stock, Series A convertible preferred stock convertible into 124,913 shares of our common stock, and warrants to purchase 580,062 shares of our common stock. In addition, (i) 9,395,896 and 1,565,066 shares of common stock were available for future issuance under our 2015 Stock Incentive Plan and Employee Stock Purchase Plan, respectively, as of January 1, 2020, (ii) with respect to acquisitions closed in 2019, up to 622,104 shares of common stock are issuable in 2020 in connection with the release of hold-back shares and up to $13.5 million in shares of common stock are issuable in the event that certain milestones are achieved, (iii) 2,378,307 shares of common stock were issued in respect of our March 10, 2020 acquisition of Diploid, plus 422,316 shares are issuable subject to a hold-back arrangement and up to $5.0 million in restricted stock units will be granted to continuing Diploid employees, (iv) 1,832,997 shares of common stock were issued in respect of our April 1, 2020 acquisition of YouScript (which shares will be the subject of a resale registration statement expected to be filed in the near-term resulting in such shares being freely tradeable), plus 460,455 shares are issuable subject to a hold-back arrangement, (v) 808,142 shares of common stock were issued in respect of our April 1, 2020 acquisition of Genelex (which shares will be the subject of a resale registration statement expected to be filed in the near-term resulting in such shares being freely tradeable), plus 66,681 shares of common stock are issuable subject to a hold-back arrangement and additional shares of common stock are potentially issuable until March 31, 2025 if a certain product milestone is achieved with respect to the Genelex transaction, with the amount of such shares to be based on a portion of the gross revenues we thereafter receive for that product and similar products, (vi) shares of common stock may be issuable in the event our 2.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024 become convertible, with such Notes having an initial conversion price of approximately $29.74 per share and thus approximately 11,770,255 shares of common stock being issuable at such price assuming conversion of the full $350 million in principal at such price, and (vii) up to $93.7 million of our common stock was available for sale as of December 31, 2019 pursuant to the ATM Agreement. The sale or the availability for sale of a large number of shares of our common stock in the public market could cause the price of our common stock to decline.

We, along with our directors and executive officers, have agreed that for a period of 60 days after the date of this prospectus supplement, subject to specified exceptions, including sales under 10b5-1 plans, we or they will not offer, sell, contract to sell, pledge or otherwise dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares of our common stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for any shares of our common stock. These lock-up agreements affect approximately 537,315 shares of our common stock as of December 31, 2019. Sales of stock by any of our directors and executive officers could have a material adverse effect on the trading price of our common stock.

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Forward-looking statements

This prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus and the documents we have filed with the SEC that are incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus contain forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. These statements relate to future periods, future events or our future operating or financial plans or performance. When used in this prospectus, the words “expects,” “believes,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “may,” “will,” “could,” “intends,” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, and include but are not limited to, statements regarding our preliminary financial results; the impact of COVID-19 on our business and the actions we may take in response thereto; our strategy; our business plan, including expectations regarding future partnerships, acquisitions and networks; future growth and the keys to such growth; the expected benefits from past and future acquisitions; continued investment in our business; future operations; the anticipated use of proceeds from this offering; future operating results and expense levels; and the prospects, plans and objectives of management. These statements are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and assumptions that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected or otherwise implied by the forward-looking statements, including the following: the completion of the quarter and the quarterly close process; the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business and the success of any measures we have taken or may take in the future in response thereto; risks associated with our ability to develop and commercialize new tests and expand into new markets; our ability to use rapidly changing genetic data to interpret test results accurately, consistently and quickly; our history of losses; our need to scale our infrastructure in advance of demand for our tests and our ability to increase demand for our tests; our ability to drive revenue; our ability to achieve and maintain positive cash flows and to execute our strategy to create a profitable long-term business; our ability to integrate and scale acquired businesses and realize the intended benefits of such acquisitions; the risk that we may not obtain or maintain sufficient levels of reimbursement for our tests; laws and regulations applicable to our business, including potential regulation by the Food and Drug Administration and measures taken by government authorities in response to the COVID-19 pandemic; the risk that Medicare and other payers may change the pricing or other terms for reimbursement, or not reimburse for our tests in the future, or fail to make timely payments; the impact of economic conditions, unemployment levels and loss of health insurance on our business; and our ability to compete. Given these risks and uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Additional cautionary statements or discussions of risks and uncertainties that could affect our results or the achievement of the expectations described in forward-looking statements may also be contained in the documents we incorporate by reference into this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus.

These forward-looking statements made by us in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus, or any of the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and accompany prospectus speak only as of the date of this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. We expressly disclaim any obligation or undertaking to release publicly any updates or revisions to any forward-looking statements contained herein to reflect any change in our expectations with regard thereto or any change in events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statement is based. You should, however, review additional disclosures we make in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, and Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC.

You should read this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus, and the documents that we incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus completely and with the understanding that our actual future results, levels of activity and performance as well as other events and circumstances may be materially different from what we expect. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.

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Use of proceeds

We estimate that the net proceeds to us from this offering, after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us, will be approximately $149.9 million (or approximately $172.5 million if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full).

We currently intend to use the net proceeds of this offering for working capital and other general corporate purposes. We may also use a portion of the net proceeds from this offering to acquire or invest in complementary businesses, assets or technologies, although we have no present commitments or agreements to do so, except for the YouScript transaction. While such amount was paid from our existing cash and cash equivalents, our April 1, 2020 acquisition of YouScript entailed a cash component of the total consideration payable of approximately $25.0 million. We will retain broad discretion over the use of these proceeds. Pending application of the net proceeds as described above, we intend to invest the net proceeds in short- and intermediate-term, interest-bearing obligations, investment-grade instruments, certificates of deposit or direct or guaranteed obligations of the U.S. government.

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Dividend policy

We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our capital stock. We currently intend to retain any future earnings and do not expect to pay any dividends in the foreseeable future. In addition, the terms of our 2.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024 restrict our ability to pay dividends. Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on our financial condition, operating results, capital requirements and general business conditions and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant.

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Dilution

If you purchase our common stock in this offering, your ownership interest will be immediately diluted to the extent of the difference between the public offering price per share and the net tangible book value per share of our common stock immediately after this offering. Net tangible book value per share is determined by dividing the number of shares of common stock outstanding as of December 31, 2019 into our total tangible assets less total liabilities.

Our net tangible book value as of December 31, 2019 was approximately $127.7 million, or $1.29 per share, based on 98,796,060 shares of our common stock outstanding as of that date.

After giving effect to the sale of 17,777,778 shares of common stock by us at the public offering price of $9.00 per share, and after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us, our as adjusted net tangible book value as of December 31, 2019 would have been $277.6 million, or $2.38 per share. This represents an immediate increase in net tangible book value of $1.09 per share to existing stockholders and immediate dilution of $6.62 per share to investors in this offering, as illustrated by the following table:

Public offering price per share			$	9.00
Net tangible book value per share as of December 31, 2019	$	1.29
Increase in net tangible book value per share attributable to investors participating in this offering		1.09
As adjusted net tangible book value per share after giving effect to this offering				2.38
Dilution per share to investors in this offering			$	6.62

If the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase up to 2,666,666 additional shares from us at the public offering price of $9.00 per share, the as adjusted net tangible book value per share after this offering would be $2.52 per share, the increase in net tangible book value per share to existing stockholders would be $1.23 per share and the dilution to new investors purchasing shares in this offering would be $6.48 per share.

The foregoing tables and calculations (other than net tangible book value calculations) are based on 98,796,060 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2019 and exclude:

• 3,474,281 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of stock options outstanding as of December 31, 2019 under our equity incentive plans, with a weighted-average exercise price of $9.38 per share;

• 8,885,272 shares of common stock issuable upon vesting of restricted stock units as of December 31, 2019 under our equity incentive plans;

• 5,444,054 shares of common stock available for future issuance under our 2015 Stock Incentive Plan;

• 577,106 shares of common stock available for future issuance under our Employee Stock Purchase Plan;

• 124,913 shares of common stock issuable upon the conversion of our Series A convertible preferred stock;

• 580,062 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of warrants to purchase common stock outstanding as of December 31, 2019, with a weighted-average exercise price of $6.98 per share; and

• with respect to acquisitions closed in 2019, up to 622,104 shares of common stock issuable in 2020 in connection with the release of hold-back shares and up to $13.5 million in shares of common stock issuable in the event that certain milestones are achieved.

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Also excluded are (i) an additional 3,951,842 and 987,960 additional shares of common stock available for future issuance under our 2015 Stock Incentive Plan and Employee Stock Purchase Plan, respectively, as of January 1, 2020, (ii) 2,378,307 shares of common stock that were issued in respect of our March 10, 2020 acquisition of Diploid, plus 422,316 shares that are subject to a hold-back arrangement and up to $5.0 million in restricted stock units that will be granted to continuing Diploid employees, (iii) 1,832,997 shares of common stock that were issued in respect of our April 1, 2020 acquisition of YouScript, plus 460,455 shares that are subject to a hold-back arrangement, (iv) 808,142 shares of common stock that were issued in respect of our April 1, 2020 acquisition of Genelex, plus 66,681 shares that are subject to a hold-back arrangement as well as additional shares of common stock potentially issuable until March 31, 2025 if a certain product milestone is achieved with respect to the Genelex transaction, with the amount of such shares to be based on a portion of the gross revenues we thereafter receive for that product and similar products, and (v) shares of common stock that may be issuable in the event our 2.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024 become convertible, with such Notes having an initial conversion price of approximately $29.74 per share and thus approximately 11,770,255 shares of common stock being issuable at such price assuming conversion of the full $350 million in principal at such price. In addition, the number of shares of our common stock to be outstanding immediately after this offering excludes up to $93.7 million of our common stock available for sale as of December 31, 2019 pursuant to the ATM Agreement.

To the extent that additional shares are issued pursuant to the foregoing, investors purchasing our common stock in this offering will experience further dilution. In addition, we may offer other securities in other offerings due to market conditions or strategic considerations. To the extent we issue such securities, you may experience further dilution.

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Material U.S. federal income tax consequences to non-U.S. holders

The following is a general discussion of the material U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to non-U.S. holders (as defined herein) with respect to their ownership and disposition of shares of our common stock issued pursuant to this offering. All prospective non-U.S. holders of our common stock should consult their own tax advisors with respect to the U.S. federal, state, local and non-U.S. tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of our common stock. In general, a non-U.S. holder means a beneficial owner of our common stock (other than a partnership or an entity or arrangement treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) that is not, for U.S. federal income tax purposes:

• an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States;

• a corporation, or an entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, created or organized in the United States or under the laws of the United States or of any state thereof or the District of Columbia;

• an estate, the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source; or

• a trust if (1) a U.S. court can exercise primary supervision over the trust’s administration and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all of the trust’s substantial decisions or (2) the trust has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S. Treasury Regulations to be treated as a U.S. person.

This discussion is based on current provisions of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, which we refer to as the Code, existing U.S. Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder, published administrative pronouncements and rulings of the U.S. Internal Revenue Service, which we refer to as the IRS, and judicial decisions, all as in effect as of the date of this prospectus. These authorities are subject to change and to differing interpretation, possibly with retroactive effect. Any change or differing interpretation could alter the tax consequences to non-U.S. holders described in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus.

We assume in this discussion that a non-U.S. holder holds shares of our common stock as a capital asset within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Code (generally, for investment). This discussion does not address all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be relevant to a particular non-U.S. holder in light of that non-U.S. holder’s individual circumstances, nor does it address any estate or gift tax consequences, or any aspects of U.S. state, local or non-U.S. taxes. This discussion also does not consider any specific facts or circumstances that may apply to a non-U.S. holder and does not address the special tax rules applicable to particular non-U.S. holders, such as holders that own, or are deemed to own, more than 5% of our capital stock (except to the extent specifically set forth below), corporations that accumulate earnings to avoid U.S. federal income tax, tax-exempt organizations, banks, financial institutions, insurance companies, brokers, dealers or traders in securities, commodities or currencies, tax-qualified retirement plans, holders subject to the alternative minimum tax or the Medicare contribution tax on net investment income, holders that are subject to the special tax accounting rules of Section 451(b) of the Code, holders who hold or receive our common stock pursuant to the exercise of employee stock options or otherwise as compensation, holders holding our common stock as part of a hedge, straddle or other risk reduction strategy, conversion transaction or other integrated investment, holders deemed to sell our common stock under the constructive sale provisions of the Code, controlled foreign corporations, passive foreign investment companies and certain former U.S. citizens or long-term residents.

In addition, this discussion does not address the tax treatment of partnerships (or entities or arrangements that are treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes) or persons that hold their common stock through such partnerships. If a partnership, including any entity or arrangement treated as a partnership for

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U.S. federal income tax purposes, holds shares of our common stock, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner in such partnership will generally depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Such partners and partnerships should consult their own tax advisors regarding the tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of our common stock.

There can be no assurance that a court or the IRS will not challenge one or more of the tax consequences described herein, and we have not obtained, nor do we intend to obtain, a ruling with respect to the U.S. federal income tax consequences to a non-U.S. holder of the purchase, ownership or disposition of our common stock.

Distributions on our common stock

Distributions, if any, on our common stock generally will constitute dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the extent paid from our current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles. If a distribution exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits, the excess will be treated as a tax-free return of the non-U.S. holder’s investment, up to such holder’s adjusted tax basis in the common stock. Any remaining excess will be treated as capital gain from the sale or exchange of such common stock, subject to the tax treatment described below in “Gain on sale, exchange or other disposition of our common stock.” Any such distribution will also be subject to the discussion below under the heading “FATCA withholding.”

Dividends paid to a non-U.S. holder generally will be subject to withholding of U.S. federal income tax at a 30% rate of the gross amount of dividends or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty between the United States and such holder’s country of residence.

Dividends that are treated as effectively connected with a trade or business conducted by a non-U.S. holder within the United States and, if an applicable income tax treaty so provides, that are attributable to a permanent establishment or a fixed base maintained by the non-U.S. holder within the United States, are generally exempt from the 30% withholding tax if the non-U.S. holder satisfies applicable certification and disclosure requirements. However, such U.S. effectively connected income, net of specified deductions and credits, is taxed at the same graduated U.S. federal income tax rates applicable to U.S. persons (as defined in the Code). Any U.S. effectively connected income received by a non-U.S. holder that is a corporation may also, under certain circumstances, be subject to an additional “branch profits tax” at a 30% rate or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty between the United States and such holder’s country of residence.

To claim a reduction of or exemption from withholding, a non-U.S. holder of our common stock generally will be required to provide (a) a properly executed IRS Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E (or successor form) and satisfy applicable certification and other requirements to claim the benefit of an applicable income tax treaty between the United States and such holder’s country of residence, or (b) a properly executed IRS Form W-8ECI stating that dividends are not subject to withholding because they are effectively connected with such non-U.S. holder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States. Non-U.S. holders are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding their entitlement to benefits under a relevant income tax treaty.

A non-U.S. holder that is eligible for a reduced rate of U.S. withholding tax under an income tax treaty may obtain a refund or credit of any excess amounts withheld by timely filing an appropriate claim for refund with the IRS.

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Gain on sale, exchange or other disposition of our common stock

Subject to the discussion below regarding backup withholding and FATCA withholding, in general, a non-U.S. holder will not be subject to any U.S. federal income tax on any gain realized upon such holder’s sale, exchange or other disposition of shares of our common stock unless:

• the gain is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business of the non-U.S. holder and, if an applicable income tax treaty so provides, is attributable to a permanent establishment or a fixed base maintained in the United States by such non-U.S. holder, in which case the non-U.S. holder generally will be taxed at the graduated U.S. federal income tax rates applicable to U.S. persons (as defined in the Code) and, if the non-U.S. holder is a foreign corporation, the branch profits tax described above in “Distributions on our common stock” also may apply;

• the non-U.S. holder is a nonresident alien individual who is present in the United States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of the disposition and certain other conditions are met, in which case the non-U.S. holder will be subject to a 30% tax (or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty) on the net gain derived from the disposition, which may be offset by U.S. source capital losses of the non-U.S. holder, if any (even though the individual is not considered a resident of the United States); or

• our common stock constitutes a U.S. real property interest because we are, or have been, at any time during the five-year period preceding such disposition (or the non-U.S. holder’s holding period, if shorter) a “U.S. real property holding corporation.” Generally, a corporation is a U.S. real property holding corporation only if the fair market value of its U.S. real property interests equals or exceeds 50% of the sum of the fair market value of its worldwide real property interests plus its other assets used or held for use in a trade or business. Although there can be no assurance, we do not believe that we are, or have been, a U.S. real property holding corporation, or that we are likely to become one in the future. Even if we are or become a U.S. real property holding corporation, provided that our common stock is regularly traded, as defined by applicable Treasury Regulations, on an established securities market, our common stock will be treated as a U.S. real property interest only with respect to a non-U.S. holder that holds more than 5% of our outstanding common stock, directly or indirectly, actually or constructively, during the shorter of the 5-year period ending on the date of the disposition or the period that the non-U.S. holder held our common stock. In such case, such non-U.S. holder generally will be taxed on its net gain derived from the disposition at the graduated U.S. federal income tax rates applicable to U.S. persons (as defined in the Code). No assurance can be provided that our common stock will continue to be regularly traded on an established securities market for purposes of the rules described above.

Information reporting and backup withholding

We must report annually to the IRS and to each non-U.S. holder the gross amount of the dividends on our common stock paid to such holder and the tax withheld, if any, with respect to such dividends. Non-U.S. holders will have to comply with specific certification procedures to establish that the holder is not a U.S. person (as defined in the Code) in order to avoid backup withholding at the applicable rate with respect to dividends on our common stock. A non-U.S. holder generally will not be subject to U.S. backup withholding with respect to payments of dividends on our common stock if it certifies its non-U.S. status by providing a valid IRS Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E (or successor form) or W-8ECI, or otherwise establishes an exemption; provided that we do not have actual knowledge or reason to know such non-U.S. holder is a U.S. person, as defined in the Code. Dividends paid to non-U.S. holders that are subject to the U.S. withholding tax, as described above in “Distributions on our common stock,” generally will be exempt from U.S. backup withholding.

Information reporting and backup withholding will generally apply to the proceeds of a disposition of our common stock by a non-U.S. holder effected by or through the U.S. office of any broker, U.S. or foreign, unless

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the holder certifies its status as a non-U.S. holder and satisfies certain other requirements, or otherwise establishes an exemption. Generally, information reporting and backup withholding will not apply to a payment of disposition proceeds to a non-U.S. holder where the transaction is effected outside the United States through a non-U.S. office of a broker. However, for information reporting purposes, dispositions effected through a non-U.S. office of a broker with substantial U.S. ownership or operations generally will be treated in a manner similar to dispositions effected through a U.S. office of a broker. Non-U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the application of the information reporting and backup withholding rules to them.

Copies of information returns may be made available to the tax authorities of the country in which the non-U.S. holder resides or is incorporated under the provisions of a specific treaty or agreement.

Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules from a payment to a non-U.S. holder may be allowed as a credit against the non-U.S. holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, if any, and may entitle such holder to a refund, provided that the required information is timely furnished to the IRS.

FATCA withholding

The Code, U.S. Treasury Regulations and other applicable guidance, commonly referred to as “FATCA”, generally impose a U.S. federal withholding tax of 30% on dividends on stock in a U.S. corporation paid to (i) a “foreign financial institution” (as specifically defined for this purpose), unless such institution enters into an agreement with the U.S. government to, among other things, withhold on certain payments and to collect and provide to the U.S. tax authorities substantial information regarding U.S. account holders of such institution (which includes certain equity and debt holders of such institution, as well as certain account holders that are foreign entities with U.S. owners) or otherwise qualifies for an exemption from these rules, or (ii) a non-financial foreign entity (as defined in the Code), unless such entity provides the withholding agent with either a certification that it does not have any substantial direct or indirect U.S. owners or provides information regarding substantial direct and indirect U.S. owners of the entity, or otherwise qualifies for an exemption from these rules. Proposed Treasury Regulations (upon which taxpayers and withholding agents are entitled to rely) eliminate possible FATCA withholding on the gross proceeds from a sale or other disposition of our common stock. Under certain circumstances, a non-U.S. holder might be eligible for refunds or credits of such taxes. An intergovernmental agreement between the United States and an applicable foreign country may modify the requirements described in this paragraph.

Investors are encouraged to consult with their tax advisors regarding the implications of FATCA to their particular circumstances.

EACH PROSPECTIVE INVESTOR SHOULD CONSULT ITS OWN TAX ADVISOR REGARDING THE PARTICULAR U.S. FEDERAL, STATE AND LOCAL AND NON-U.S. TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THE PURCHASE, OWNERSHIP AND DISPOSITION OF OUR COMMON STOCK, INCLUDING THE CONSEQUENCES OF ANY PROPOSED CHANGE IN APPLICABLE LAWS.

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Underwriting

We are offering the shares of common stock described in this prospectus supplement through a number of underwriters. J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and Cowen and Company, LLC are the joint book-running managers of the offering and representatives of the underwriters. We have entered into an underwriting agreement with the underwriters. Subject to the terms and conditions of the underwriting agreement, we have agreed to sell to the underwriters, and each underwriter has severally agreed to purchase, at the public offering price less the underwriting discounts and commissions set forth on the cover page of this prospectus supplement, the number of shares of common stock listed next to its name in the following table:

Name	Number of shares
J.P. Morgan Securities LLC		10,666,667
Cowen and Company, LLC		7,111,111
Total		17,777,778

The underwriters are committed to purchase all the common shares offered by us if they purchase any shares. The underwriting agreement also provides that if an underwriter defaults, the purchase commitments of non-defaulting underwriters may also be increased or the offering may be terminated.

The underwriters propose to offer the common shares directly to the public at the public offering price set forth on the cover page of this prospectus supplement and to certain dealers at that price less a concession not in excess of $0.324 per share. After the public offering of the shares, the offering price and other selling terms may be changed by the underwriters. Sales of shares made outside of the United States may be made by affiliates of the underwriters.

The underwriters have an option to buy up to 2,666,666 additional shares of common stock from us. The underwriters have 30 days from the date of this prospectus supplement to exercise this option. If any shares are purchased with this option, the underwriters will purchase shares in approximately the same proportion as shown in the table above. If any additional shares of common stock are purchased, the underwriters will offer the additional shares on the same terms as those on which the shares are being offered.

The underwriting fee is equal to the public offering price per share of common stock less the amount paid by the underwriters to us per share of common stock. The underwriting fee is $0.54 per share. The following table shows the per share and total underwriting discounts and commissions to be paid to the underwriters assuming both no exercise and full exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares.

	Without option to purchase additional shares		With full option to purchase additional shares
Per Share	$	0.54	$	0.54
Total	$	9,600,000	$	11,040,000

We estimate that the total expenses of this offering, including registration, filing and listing fees, printing fees and legal and accounting expenses, but excluding the underwriting discounts and commissions, will be approximately $400,000. We have agreed to reimburse the underwriters up to $40,000 for expenses relating to the clearance of this offering with the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc., or FINRA. The underwriters have agreed to reimburse us for certain of our expenses in connection with this offering.

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A prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus in electronic format may be made available on the web sites maintained by one or more underwriters, or selling group members, if any, participating in the offering. The underwriters may agree to allocate a number of shares to underwriters and selling group members for sale to their online brokerage account holders. Internet distributions will be allocated by the representative to underwriters and selling group members that may make Internet distributions on the same basis as other allocations.

We have agreed that we will not (1) offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, hedge or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, or file with the SEC a registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, relating to, any shares of our common stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for our common stock, or publicly disclose the intention to make any offer, sale, pledge, disposition or filing, or (2) enter into any hedging, swap or other agreement that transfers, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of the common stock or such other securities, whether any such transaction described in clause (1) or (2) above is to be settled by delivery of common stock or such other securities, in cash or otherwise, without the prior written consent of J.P. Morgan Securities LLC for a period of 60 days after the date of this prospectus supplement, other than, among other things, (i) the shares of our common stock to be sold hereunder, (ii) any shares of our common stock issued upon the exercise of options and the settlement of restricted stock awards granted under our existing equity incentive plans, pursuant to the conversion, exercise or exchange of our securities or pursuant to the payment of any deferred portion of the purchase price for the acquisition of any of our subsidiaries or the release from an escrow associated with such an acquisition, (iii) the grant of stock options, restricted stock or other equity-based compensation awards (or the issuance of shares of common stock upon exercise or settlement thereof) to eligible participants pursuant to employee benefit or equity incentive plans, (iv) securities issued in connection with a transaction with an unaffiliated third party that includes a bona fide commercial relationship or any acquisition of assets of, or any acquisition of not less than a majority or a controlling portion of the equity of, another entity, provided that (x) the aggregate number of shares of common stock issued during the restricted period pursuant to this clause (iv) shall not exceed more than 10% of the total number of outstanding shares of common stock immediately following this offering, and (y) other than in respect of the YouScript and Genelex acquisitions, the recipients of such securities issued shall execute and deliver to the representatives a lockup agreement or are otherwise restricted in trading by securities laws during the restricted period, (v) the filing of resale registration statements on Form S-3 or any successor form thereto in respect of the securities issued pursuant to clause (iv), provided that (x) the aggregate number of shares issued pursuant to these resale registration statements shall not exceed 3,000,000 shares of common stock, and (y) such resale registration statements relate to acquisitions announced by us prior to the date of this prospectus supplement.

Our directors and executive officers have entered into lock-up agreements with the underwriters prior to the commencement of this offering pursuant to which each of these persons or entities, with limited exceptions, for a period of 60 days after the date of this prospectus supplement, may not, without the prior written consent of J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, (1) lend, offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, hedge or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares of our common stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for our common stock (including, without limitation, common stock or such other securities which may be deemed to be beneficially owned by such directors or executive officers in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC and securities which may be issued upon exercise of a stock option or warrant), or publicly disclose the intention to make any offer, sale pledge or disposition, or (2) enter into any hedging, swap or other agreement that transfers, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of the common stock or such other securities, whether any such transaction described in clause (1) or (2) above is to be settled by delivery of common stock or such other securities, in cash

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or otherwise, or (3) make any demand for or exercise any right with respect to the registration of any shares of our common stock or any security convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for our common stock.

We have agreed to indemnify the underwriters against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.

Our common stock is listed on The New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “NVTA.”

In connection with this offering, the underwriters may engage in stabilizing transactions, which involve making bids for, purchasing and selling shares of common stock in the open market for the purpose of preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of the common stock while this offering is in progress. These stabilizing transactions may include making short sales of the common stock, which involve the sale by the underwriters of a greater number of shares of common stock than they are required to purchase in this offering, and purchasing shares of common stock on the open market to cover positions created by short sales. Short sales may be “covered” shorts, which are short positions in an amount not greater than the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares referred to above, or may be “naked” shorts, which are short positions in excess of that amount. The underwriters may close out any covered short position either by exercising their option to purchase additional shares, in whole or in part, or by purchasing shares in the open market. In making this determination, the underwriters will consider, among other things, the price of shares available for purchase in the open market compared to the price at which the underwriters may purchase shares through the option to purchase additional shares. A naked short position is more likely to be created if the underwriters are concerned that there may be downward pressure on the price of the common stock in the open market that could adversely affect investors who purchase in this offering. To the extent that the underwriters create a naked short position, they will purchase shares in the open market to cover the position.

The underwriters have advised us that, pursuant to Regulation M of the Securities Act, they may also engage in other activities that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of the common stock, including the imposition of penalty bids. This means that if the representatives of the underwriters purchase common stock in the open market in stabilizing transactions or to cover short sales, the representatives can require the underwriters that sold those shares as part of this offering to repay the underwriting discounts and commissions received by them.

These activities may have the effect of raising or maintaining the market price of the common stock or preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of the common stock, and, as a result, the price of the common stock may be higher than the price that otherwise might exist in the open market. If the underwriters commence these activities, they may discontinue them at any time. The underwriters may carry out these transactions on the NYSE, in the over-the-counter market or otherwise.

Certain of the underwriters and their affiliates have provided in the past to us and our affiliates and may provide from time to time in the future certain commercial banking, financial advisory, investment banking and other services for us and such affiliates in the ordinary course of their business, for which they have received and may continue to receive customary fees and commissions. For example, we are party to the ATM Agreement with Cowen, pursuant to which up to $93.7 million of our common stock is available for sale. Certain of the underwriters also served as underwriters in our common stock offering in March 2019. In addition, from time to time, certain of the underwriters and their affiliates may effect transactions for their own account or the account of customers, and hold on behalf of themselves or their customers, long or short positions in our debt or equity securities or loans, and may do so in the future.

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Selling restrictions

General

Other than in the United States, no action has been taken by us or the underwriters that would permit a public offering of the securities offered by this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required. The securities offered by this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus may not be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, nor may this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus or any other offering material or advertisements in connection

with the offer and sale of any such securities be distributed or published in any jurisdiction, except under circumstances that will result in compliance with the applicable rules and regulations of that jurisdiction. Persons into whose possession this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus come are advised to inform themselves about and to observe any restrictions relating to the offering and the distribution of this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. This prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus do not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any securities offered by this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus in any jurisdiction in which such an offer or a solicitation is unlawful.

Canada

The shares may be sold only to purchasers purchasing, or deemed to be purchasing, as principal that are accredited investors, as defined in National Instrument 45-106 Prospectus Exemptions or subsection 73.3(1) of the Securities Act (Ontario), and are permitted clients, as defined in National Instrument 31-103 Registration Requirements, Exemptions and Ongoing Registrant Obligations. Any resale of the shares must be made in accordance with an exemption from, or in a transaction not subject to, the prospectus requirements of applicable securities laws.

Securities legislation in certain provinces or territories of Canada may provide a purchaser with remedies for rescission or damages if this prospectus supplement and accompanying prospectus (including any amendment thereto) contains a misrepresentation, provided that the remedies for rescission or damages are exercised by the purchaser within the time limit prescribed by the securities legislation of the purchaser’s province or territory. The purchaser should refer to any applicable provisions of the securities legislation of the purchaser’s province or territory for particulars of these rights or consult with a legal advisor.

Pursuant to section 3A.3 of National Instrument 33-105 Underwriting Conflicts (NI 33-105), the underwriters are not required to comply with the disclosure requirements of NI 33-105 regarding underwriter conflicts of interest in connection with this offering.

United Kingdom

In addition, in the United Kingdom, this document is being distributed only to, and is directed only at, and any offer subsequently made may only be directed at persons who are “qualified investors” (as defined in the Prospectus Regulation) (i) who have professional experience in matters relating to investments falling within Article19(5) of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Financial Promotion) Order 2005, as amended (the “Order”) and/or (ii) who are high net worth companies (or persons to whom it may otherwise be lawfully communicated) falling within Article 49(2)(a) to (d) of the Order (all such persons together being referred to as “relevant persons”) or otherwise in circumstances which have not resulted and will not result in an offer to the public of the shares in the United Kingdom within the meaning of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000.

Any person in the United Kingdom that is not a relevant person should not act or rely on the information included in this document or use it as basis for taking any action. In the United Kingdom, any investment or investment activity that this document relates to may be made or taken exclusively by relevant persons.

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European Economic Area and the United Kingdom

In relation to each member state of the European Economic Area and the United Kingdom, or each, a “Relevant State,” no shares have been offered or will be offered pursuant to the offering to the public in that Relevant State prior to the publication of a prospectus in relation to the shares which has been approved by the competent authority in that Relevant State or, where appropriate, approved in another Relevant State and notified to the competent authority in that Relevant State, all in accordance with the Prospectus Regulation), except that offers of shares may be made to the public in that Relevant State at any time under the following exemptions under the Prospectus Regulation:

(i) to any legal entity which is a qualified investor as defined under the Prospectus Regulation;

(ii) to fewer than 150 natural or legal persons (other than qualified investors as defined under the Prospectus Regulation), subject to obtaining the prior consent of the underwriters; or

(iii) in any other circumstances falling within Article 1(4) of the Prospectus Regulation, provided that no such offer of shares shall require the Company or any underwriter to publish a prospectus pursuant to Article 3 of the Prospectus Regulation or supplement a prospectus pursuant to Article 23 of the Prospectus Regulation and each person who initially acquires any shares or to whom any offer is made will be deemed to have represented, acknowledged and agreed to and with each of the underwriters and the Company that it is a “qualified investor” within the meaning of Article 2(e) of the Prospectus Regulation. In the case of any shares being offered to a financial intermediary as that term is used in the Prospectus Regulation, each such financial intermediary will be deemed to have represented, acknowledged and agreed that the shares acquired by it in the offer have not been acquired on a non-discretionary basis on behalf of, nor have they been acquired with a view to their offer or resale to, persons in circumstances which may give rise to an offer of any shares to the public other than their offer or resale in a Relevant State to qualified investors as so defined or in circumstances in which the prior consent of the underwriters have been obtained to each such proposed offer or resale.

For the purposes of this provision, the expression an “offer to the public” in relation to shares in any Relevant State means the communication in any form and by any means of sufficient information on the terms of the offer and any shares to be offered so as to enable an investor to decide to purchase or subscribe for any shares, and the expression “Prospectus Regulation” means Regulation (EU) 2017/1129.

Switzerland

The shares may not be publicly offered in Switzerland and will not be listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange, or the SIX, or on any other stock exchange or regulated trading facility in Switzerland. This prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus does not constitute a prospectus within the meaning of, and has been prepared without regard to the disclosure standards for issuance prospectuses under art. 652a or art. 1156 of the Swiss Code of Obligations or the disclosure standards for listing prospectuses under art. 27 ff. of the SIX Listing Rules or the listing rules of any other stock exchange or regulated trading facility in Switzerland. Neither this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus nor any other offering or marketing material relating to the shares or the offering may be publicly distributed or otherwise made publicly available in Switzerland.

Neither this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus nor any other offering or marketing material relating to the offering, the Company, the shares have been or will be filed with or approved by any Swiss regulatory authority. In particular, this document will not be filed with, and the offer of shares will not be supervised by, the Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority FINMA, and the offer of shares has not been and will not be authorized under the Swiss Federal Act on Collective Investment Schemes (the “CISA”). The investor protection afforded to acquirers of interests in collective investment schemes under the CISA does not extend to acquirers of shares.

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Hong Kong

The shares have not been offered or sold and will not be offered or sold in Hong Kong, by means of any document, other than (a) to “professional investors” as defined in the Securities and Futures Ordinance (Cap. 571 of the Laws of Hong Kong) (the “SFO”) of Hong Kong and any rules made thereunder; or (b) in other circumstances which do not result in the document being a “prospectus” as defined in the Companies (Winding Up and Miscellaneous Provisions) Ordinance (Cap. 32) of Hong Kong) (the “CO”) or which do not constitute an offer to the public within the meaning of the CO. No advertisement, invitation or document relating to the shares has been or may be issued or has been or may be in the possession of any person for the purposes of issue, whether in Hong Kong or elsewhere, which is directed at, or the contents of which are likely to be accessed or read by, the public of Hong Kong (except if permitted to do so under the securities laws of Hong Kong) other than with respect to shares which are or are intended to be disposed of only to persons outside Hong Kong or only to “professional investors” as defined in the SFO and any rules made thereunder.

Singapore

Each representative has acknowledged that this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus have not been registered as a prospectus with the Monetary Authority of Singapore. Accordingly, each representative has represented and agreed that it has not offered or sold any shares or caused the shares to be made the subject of an invitation for subscription or purchase and will not offer or sell any shares or cause the shares to be made the subject of an invitation for subscription or purchase, and has not circulated or distributed, nor will it circulate or distribute, this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus or any other document or material in connection with the offer or sale, or invitation for subscription or purchase, of the shares, whether directly or indirectly, to any person in Singapore other than:

(a) to an institutional investor (as defined in Section 4A of the Securities and Futures Act (Chapter 289) of Singapore, as modified or amended from time to time (the “SFA”)) pursuant to Section 274 of the SFA;

(b) to a relevant person (as defined in Section 275(2) of the SFA) pursuant to Section 275(1) of the SFA, or any person pursuant to Section 275(1A) of the SFA, and in accordance with the conditions specified in Section 275 of the SFA; or

(c) otherwise pursuant to, and in accordance with the conditions of, any other applicable provision of the SFA.

Where the shares are subscribed or purchased under Section 275 of the SFA by a relevant person which is:

(a) a corporation (which is not an accredited investor (as defined in Section 4A of the SFA)) the sole business of which is to hold investments and the entire share capital of which is owned by one or more individuals, each of whom is an accredited investor; or

(b) a trust (where the trustee is not an accredited investor) whose sole purpose is to hold investments and each beneficiary of the trust is an individual who is an accredited investor,

securities or securities-based derivatives contracts (each term as defined in Section 2(1) of the SFA) of that corporation or the beneficiaries’ rights and interest (howsoever described) in that trust shall not be transferred within six months after that corporation or that trust has acquired the shares pursuant to an offer made under Section 275 of the SFA except:

(i) to an institutional investor or to a relevant person, or to any person arising from an offer referred to in Section 275(1A) orSection 276(4)(i)(B) of the SFA;

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(ii) where no consideration is or will be given for the transfer;

(iii) where the transfer is by operation of law;

(iv) as specified in Section 276(7) of the SFA; or

(v) as specified in Regulation 37A of the Securities and Futures (Offers of Investments) (Securities and Securities-based Derivatives Contracts) Regulations 2018.

Japan

The shares have not been and will not be registered pursuant to Article 4, Paragraph 1 of the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act. Accordingly, none of the shares nor any interest therein may be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, in Japan or to, or for the benefit of, any “resident” of Japan (which term as used herein means any person resident in Japan, including any corporation or other entity organized under the laws of Japan), or to others for re-offering or resale, directly or indirectly, in Japan or to or for the benefit of a resident of Japan, except pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of, and otherwise in compliance with, the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act and any other applicable laws, regulations and ministerial guidelines of Japan in effect at the relevant time.

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Legal matters

The validity of the shares of common stock offered hereby will be passed upon for us by Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLP, Palo Alto, California. Certain legal matters in connection with this offering will be passed upon for the underwriters by Cooley LLP, San Diego, California.

Experts

Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, has audited our consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, and the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, as set forth in their reports, which are incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and elsewhere in the registration statement. Our consolidated financial statements are incorporated by reference in reliance on Ernst & Young LLP’s report, given on their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.

Where you can find more information

We have filed a registration statement on Form S-3 with the SEC under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The accompanying prospectus is part of the registration statement but the registration statement includes and incorporates by reference additional information and exhibits. We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. The SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding companies, such as ours, that file documents electronically with the SEC. The address of that website is http://www.sec.gov. The information on the SEC’s website is not part of this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus, and any references to this website or any other website are inactive textual references only.

The SEC permits us to “incorporate by reference” the information contained in documents we file with the SEC, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents rather than by including them in this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus. Information that is incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus and you should read it with the same care that you read this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. Later information that we file with the SEC will automatically update and supersede the information that is either contained, or incorporated by reference, in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, and will be considered to be a part of this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus from the date those documents are filed. We have filed with the SEC, and incorporate by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus:

• our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed with the SEC on March 2, 2020;

• the information contained in our Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed with the SEC on April  30, 2019 and incorporated by reference into Part III of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018;

• our Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 10, 2020 (as amended by Amendment No.  1 to Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed with the SEC on March 16, 2020) and April 1, 2020 (to the extent filed under Items 8.01 and 9.01); and

• the description of our common stock contained in our Registration Statement on Form 8-A filed on February 11, 2015, including any amendment or report filed for the purpose of updating such description.

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We also incorporate by reference all additional documents that we file with the SEC under the terms of Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act that are made after the filing date of the registration statement of which this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus is a part, as well as between the date of this prospectus supplement and the termination of any offering of securities offered by this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. We are not, however, incorporating, in each case, any documents or information that we are deemed to furnish and not file in accordance with SEC rules.

You may request a copy of any or all of the documents incorporated by reference but not delivered with this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, at no cost, by writing or telephoning us at the following address and number: Investor Relations, Invitae Corporation, 1400 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94103 and (415) 374-7782. We will not, however, send exhibits to those documents, unless the exhibits are specifically incorporated by reference in those documents.

We make available free of charge on our website our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file or furnish such materials to the SEC. You may obtain a free copy of these reports on the Investor Relations section of our website, www.invitae.com.

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PROSPECTUS

Common Stock

We may, from time to time, offer and sell shares of our common stock in one or more offerings. This prospectus describes the general terms that may apply to sales of our common stock and the general manner in which our common stock will be offered. We will provide the specific terms of any offering in supplements to this prospectus. The prospectus supplements will also describe the manner in which the common stock will be offered and may also add to, update or change information contained in this prospectus. You should read carefully this prospectus and the accompanying prospectus supplement before you invest.

We may offer the common stock for sale directly to investors or through underwriters, dealers or agents. If any underwriters, dealers or agents are involved in the sale of any of the common stock, we will set forth their names and describe their compensation in the applicable prospectus supplement.

Our common stock is listed on The New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “NVTA.” On March 1, 2019, the last reported sale price of our common stock on The New York Stock Exchange was $20.33 per share.

Investing in our common stock involves risks. See the section entitled “Risk Factors” included in or incorporated by reference into any accompanying prospectus supplement and in the documents we incorporate by reference in this prospectus.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The date of this prospectus is March 4, 2019

TABLE OF CONTENTS

	Page
About This Prospectus		1
Risk Factors		1
Invitae Corporation		1
Forward-Looking Statements		3
Use of Proceeds		3
Description of Capital Stock		3
Plan of Distribution		7
Legal Matters		9
Experts		9
Where You Can Find More Information		9

We have not authorized anyone to provide any information other than that contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, any applicable prospectus supplement or any free writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of us or to which we have referred you. We take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. We are not making an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should assume that the information in this prospectus and any prospectus supplement, or incorporated by reference, is accurate only as of the dates of those documents. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates.

ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, using a “shelf” registration, or continuous offering, process. Under this shelf registration process, we may, from time to time, offer and sell shares of our common stock in one or more offerings.

This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities we may offer. Each time we sell securities, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will contain specific information about the terms of that offering. Any prospectus supplement may also add to, update or change information contained in this prospectus. Any statement that we make in this prospectus will be modified or superseded by any inconsistent statement made by us in a prospectus supplement. The registration statement we filed with the SEC includes exhibits that provide more detail of the matters discussed in this prospectus. You should read this prospectus and the related exhibits filed with the SEC and any prospectus supplement, together with additional information described under the heading “Where You Can Find More Information,” before making your investment decision.

Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this prospectus to “Invitae,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Invitae Corporation and its subsidiaries.

RISK FACTORS

Investing in our common stock involves risk. The prospectus supplement relating to a particular offering will contain or incorporate by reference a discussion of risks applicable to an investment in the common stock offered. Prior to making a decision about investing in our common stock, you should carefully consider the specific factors discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” included in or incorporated by reference into the applicable prospectus supplement together with all of the other information contained in the prospectus supplement or appearing in or incorporated by reference into this prospectus, including the risk factors incorporated by reference to our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and any subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q or Current Reports on Form 8-K. The occurrence of any of these risks might cause you to lose all or part of your investment in our common stock.

INVITAE CORPORATION

Our mission is to bring comprehensive genetic information into mainstream medical practice to improve the quality of healthcare for billions of people. Our goal is to aggregate most of the world’s genetic tests into a single service with higher quality, faster turnaround time and lower pricing than many single gene tests today. By aggregating large numbers of currently available genetic tests into a single service, we believe we can achieve great economies of scale that allow us to not only provide primary single gene or multi-gene tests but also to generate and store additional genetic information on behalf of the patient for future use. We refer to the service of managing genetic information over the course of disease or the lifetime of a patient as “genome management.” In addition, as more individuals gain access to their genetic information, we believe that sharing genetic information will provide an economic opportunity for patients and us to participate in advancing the understanding and treatment of disease.

We were incorporated in the state of Delaware on January 13, 2010, as Locus Development, Inc. and changed our name to Invitae Corporation in 2012. Our principal executive offices are located at 1400 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94103 and our telephone number is (415) 374-7782. Our website address is www.invitae.com. We do not incorporate the information on, or accessible through, our website into this prospectus, and you should not consider any information on, or accessible through, our website as part of this prospectus.

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Invitae, and the Invitae logo are our trademarks. This prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus may also contain trademarks and trade names that are the property of their respective owners. We do not intend our use or display of other companies’ trade names, trademarks or service marks to imply relationships with, or endorsements or sponsorship of us by, these other companies.

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

When used in this prospectus, the words “expects,” “believes,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “may,” “could,” “intends,” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements are subject to known and unknown risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected or otherwise implied by the forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this prospectus. Given these risks and uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. We will discuss many of these risks and uncertainties in greater detail in any prospectus supplement under the heading “Risk Factors.” Additional cautionary statements or discussions of risks and uncertainties that could affect our results or the achievement of the expectations described in forward-looking statements may also be contained in the documents we incorporate by reference into this prospectus.

These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this prospectus. We expressly disclaim any obligation or undertaking to release publicly any updates or revisions to any forward-looking statements contained herein to reflect any change in our expectations with regard thereto or any change in events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statement is based. You should, however, review additional disclosures we make in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, and Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC.

USE OF PROCEEDS

Unless we state otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, we intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of the common stock offered by this prospectus for general corporate purposes. General corporate purposes may include additions to working capital, financing of capital expenditures, repayment or redemption of existing indebtedness, repurchases of stock, and future acquisitions and strategic investment opportunities. Unless we state otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, pending the application of net proceeds, we expect to invest the net proceeds in investment grade, interest-bearing securities.

DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK

This section describes the general terms and provisions of the shares of our common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, and preferred stock, $0.0001 par value per share. This description is only a summary. Our restated certificate of incorporation, the certificate of designation with respect to our Series A convertible preferred stock and our amended and restated bylaws have been filed as exhibits to our periodic reports filed with the SEC, which are incorporated by reference in this prospectus. You should read our restated certificate of incorporation, the certificate of designation with respect to our Series A convertible preferred stock and our amended and restated bylaws for additional information before you buy any of our common stock. See “Where You Can Find More Information.”

Common Stock

We are authorized to issue 400,000,000 shares of common stock. As of December 31, 2018, there were 75,480,699 shares of common stock issued and outstanding. Each holder of common stock is entitled to one vote for each share of common stock held on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. We have not provided for cumulative voting for the election of directors in our restated certificate of incorporation. This means that the holders of a majority of the shares voted can elect all of the directors then standing for election. Subject to preferences that may apply to shares of preferred stock outstanding at the time, the holders of outstanding shares of our common stock are entitled to receive dividends out of assets legally available at the times and in the amounts that our board of directors may determine from time to time. Upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding-up, the holders of common stock are entitled to share ratably in all assets remaining after payment of all

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liabilities and the liquidation preferences of any outstanding preferred stock. Holders of common stock have no preemptive or conversion rights or other subscription rights. There are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to the common stock. All outstanding shares of common stock are fully paid and nonassessable.

Preferred Stock

We are authorized to issue 20,000,000 shares of preferred stock, of which 3,458,823 shares are designated as Series A convertible preferred stock, or the Series A Preferred Stock. As of December 31, 2018, 3,458,823 shares of Series A Preferred Stock were outstanding. The Series A Preferred Stock is a non-voting common stock equivalent and conversion of the Series A Preferred Stock is prohibited if the holder exceeds a specified threshold of voting security ownership. The Series A Preferred Stock is convertible into common stock on a one-for-one basis, subject to adjustment for events such as stock splits, combinations and the like. The Series A Preferred Stock has the right to receive dividends first or simultaneously with payment of dividends on common stock, in an amount equal to the product of (i) the dividend payable on each share of common stock and (ii) the number of shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of a share of Series A Preferred Stock. The Series A Preferred Stock has no voting rights except as required by law, as modified by our restated certificate of incorporation. In the event of any liquidation or dissolution of the company, the Series A Preferred Stock is entitled to receive $0.001 per share prior to the payment of any amount to any holders of our capital stock ranking junior to the Series A Preferred Stock and thereafter shall participate pari passu with the holders of our common stock (on an as-if-converted-to-common-stock basis).

We may issue additional preferred stock, in series, with such designations, powers, preferences and other rights and qualifications, limitations or restrictions as our board of directors may authorize, without further action by our stockholders, including:

• the distinctive designation of each series and the number of shares that will constitute the series;

• the voting rights, if any, of shares of the series and the terms and conditions of the voting rights;

• the dividend rate on the shares of the series, the dates on which dividends are payable, any restriction, limitation or condition upon the payment of dividends, whether dividends will be cumulative, and the dates from and after which dividends shall accumulate;

• the prices at which, and the terms and conditions on which, the shares of the series may be redeemed, if the shares are redeemable;

• the terms and conditions of a sinking or purchase fund for the purchase or redemption of shares of the series, if such a fund is provided;

• any preferential amount payable upon shares of the series in the event of the liquidation, dissolution or winding up of, or upon the distribution of any of our assets; and

• the prices or rates of conversion or exchange at which, and the terms and conditions on which, the shares of the series may be converted or exchanged into other securities, if the shares are convertible or exchangeable.

The issuance of additional preferred stock could decrease the amount of earnings and assets available for distribution to holders of our common stock or adversely affect the rights and powers, including voting rights, of the holders of our common stock. The issuance of preferred stock could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of our company, which could depress the market price of our common stock.

Registration Rights

As of February 11, 2019, the holders of approximately 8,401,778 shares of our common stock, including shares of our common stock issuable upon conversion of our Series A Preferred Stock, are entitled to contractual

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rights to require us to register those shares under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or Securities Act, subject to certain exceptions. These rights are provided under the terms of our amended and restated registration rights agreement. We generally must pay all expenses relating to any such registration, other than underwriting discounts and selling commissions. The registration rights terminate automatically upon the earlier of the sale of the registrable securities (as such term is defined in the agreement), the date such registrable securities may be resold without volume or manner of sale limitations pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act or July 31, 2027.

Certain Provisions of Delaware Law and of our Charter and Bylaws

Certain provisions of Delaware law, our restated certificate of incorporation and our amended and restated bylaws could have the effect of delaying, deferring or discouraging another party from acquiring control of us. These provisions, which are summarized below, are expected to discourage certain types of coercive takeover practices and inadequate takeover bids. These provisions are also designed, in part, to encourage persons seeking to acquire control of us to first negotiate with our board of directors. We believe that the benefits of increased protection of our potential ability to negotiate with an unfriendly or unsolicited acquirer outweigh the disadvantages of discouraging such proposals, including proposals that are priced above the then-current market value of our common stock, because, among other reasons, the negotiation of such proposals could result in an improvement of their terms.

Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws.    Our restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws include provisions that:

• divide our board of directors into three classes, each serving staggered, three-year terms;

• authorize the board of directors to issue, without further action by the stockholders, up to 20,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock, of which 16,541,177 shares remain undesignated as of the date of this prospectus;

• require that any action to be taken by our stockholders be effected at a duly called annual or special meeting and not by written consent;

• specify that special meetings of our stockholders can be called only by the board of directors, the chairman of the board, or the chief executive officer;

• establish an advance notice procedure for stockholder approvals to be brought before an annual meeting of our stockholders, including proposed nominations of persons for election to the board of directors;

• provide that directors may be removed only for cause;

• establish the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware as the sole and exclusive forum for certain derivative actions or proceedings brought on our behalf, any action asserting a claim of breach of fiduciary duty, any action asserting a claim against us arising pursuant to the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”), or any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine;

• require the affirmative vote of holders of at least 66 2/3 % of the total votes eligible to be cast in the election of directors to amend, alter, change or repeal our bylaws; and provide that vacancies on our board of directors may be filled only by a majority of directors then in office, even though less than a quorum.

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Delaware anti-takeover statute.    We are subject to the provisions of Section 203 of the DGCL regulating corporate takeovers. In general, Section 203 prohibits a publicly-held Delaware corporation from engaging, under certain circumstances, in a business combination with an interested stockholder for a period of three years following the date the person became an interested stockholder unless:

• prior to the date of the transaction, the board of directors of the corporation approved either the business combination or the transaction which resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder;

• upon completion of the transaction that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction commenced, excluding for purposes of determining the voting stock outstanding, but not the outstanding voting stock owned by the interested stockholder, (1) shares owned by persons who are directors and also officers and (2) shares owned by employee stock plans in which employee participants do not have the right to determine confidentially whether shares held subject to the plan will be tendered in a tender or exchange offer; or at or subsequent to the date of the transaction, the business combination is approved by the board of directors of the corporation and authorized at an annual or special meeting of stockholders, and not by written consent, by the affirmative vote of at least 66 2/3 % of the outstanding voting stock which is not owned by the interested stockholder.

Generally, a “business combination” includes a merger, asset or stock sale, or other transaction resulting in a financial benefit to the “interested stockholder” and an “interested stockholder” is a person who, together with affiliates and associates, owns or, within three years prior to the determination of interested stockholder status, did own 15% or more of a corporation’s outstanding voting stock. We expect the existence of this provision to have an anti-takeover effect with respect to transactions our board of directors does not approve in advance. We also anticipate that Section 203 may discourage business combinations or other attempts that might result in a premium over the market price for the shares of common stock held by our stockholders. The provisions of DGCL, our restated certificate of incorporation and our amended and restated bylaws could have the effect of discouraging others from attempting hostile takeovers and, as a consequence, they may also inhibit temporary fluctuations in the market price of our common stock that often result from actual or rumored hostile takeover attempts. These provisions may also have the effect of preventing changes in our management. It is possible that these provisions could make it more difficult to accomplish transactions that stockholders may otherwise deem to be in their best interests.

Transfer Agent and Registrar

The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC. The transfer agent’s address is 6201 5th Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11219.

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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

We may sell the common stock offered by this prospectus to one or more underwriters or dealers for public offering and sale by them or to investors directly or through agents. The accompanying prospectus supplement will set forth the terms of the offering and the method of distribution and will identify any firms acting as underwriters, dealers or agents in connection with the offering, including:

• the name or names of any underwriters, dealers or agents;

• the purchase price of the common stock and the proceeds to us from the sale;

• any underwriting discounts and other items constituting compensation to underwriters, dealers or agents;

• any public offering price;

• any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers; and

• any securities exchange or market on which the common stock offered in the prospectus supplement may be listed.

Only those underwriters identified in such prospectus supplement are deemed to be underwriters in connection with the common stock offered in the prospectus supplement.

The distribution of the securities may be effected from time to time in one or more transactions at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed, or at prices determined as the applicable prospectus supplement specifies. The securities may be sold through an at the market offering, a rights offering, forward contracts or similar arrangements. In addition, we may enter into derivative transactions with third parties, or sell securities not covered by this prospectus to third parties in privately negotiated transactions. If the applicable prospectus supplement so indicates, in connection with those derivatives, the third parties may sell securities covered by this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement, including in short sale transactions. If so, the third party may use securities pledged by us or borrowed from us or others to settle those sales or to close out any related open borrowings of stock, and may use securities received from us in settlement of those derivatives to close out any related open borrowings of stock. The third party in such sale transactions will be an underwriter and, if not identified in this prospectus, will be named in the applicable prospectus supplement (or a post-effective amendment). In addition, we may otherwise loan or pledge securities to a financial institution or other third party that in turn may sell the securities short using this prospectus and an applicable prospectus supplement. Such financial institution or other third party may transfer its economic short position to investors in our securities or in connection with a concurrent offering of other securities.

In connection with the sale of the securities, underwriters, dealers or agents may be deemed to have received compensation from us in the form of underwriting discounts or commissions and also may receive commissions from securities purchasers for whom they may act as agent. Underwriters may sell the securities to or through dealers, and the dealers may receive compensation in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from the underwriters or commissions from the purchasers for whom they may act as agent.

We will provide in the applicable prospectus supplement information regarding any underwriting discounts or other compensation that we pay to underwriters or agents in connection with the securities offering, and any discounts, concessions or commissions that underwriters allow to dealers. Underwriters, dealers and agents participating in the securities distribution may be deemed to be underwriters, and any discounts, commissions or concessions they receive and any profit they realize on the resale of the securities may be deemed to be underwriting discounts and commissions under the Securities Act. Underwriters and their controlling persons, dealers and agents may be entitled, under agreements entered into with us, to indemnification against and contribution toward specific civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act. Some of the underwriters, dealers or agents who participate in the securities distribution may engage in other transactions with, and perform other services for, us or our subsidiaries in the ordinary course of business.

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Our common stock is currently listed on The New York Stock Exchange. To facilitate the offering of securities, certain persons participating in the offering may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of the securities. This may include over-allotments or short sales of the securities, which involve the sale by persons participating in the offering of more securities than were sold to them. In these circumstances, these persons would cover such over-allotments or short positions by making purchases in the open market or by exercising their over-allotment option, if any. In addition, these persons may stabilize or maintain the price of the securities by bidding for or purchasing securities in the open market or by imposing penalty bids, whereby selling concessions allowed to dealers participating in the offering may be reclaimed if securities sold by them are repurchased in connection with stabilization transactions. The effect of these transactions may be to stabilize or maintain the market price of the securities at a level above that which might otherwise prevail in the open market. These transactions may be discontinued at any time.

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LEGAL MATTERS

Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, the validity of the shares of common stock offered by this prospectus will be passed upon for us by Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLP, Palo Alto, California.

EXPERTS

Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, has audited our consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, as set forth in their report, which is incorporated by reference in this prospectus and elsewhere in this registration statement. Our consolidated financial statements are incorporated by reference in reliance on Ernst & Young LLP’s report, given on their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

We have filed a registration statement on Form S-3 with the SEC under the Securities Act. This prospectus is part of the registration statement but the registration statement includes and incorporates by reference additional information and exhibits. We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. The SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding companies, such as ours, that file documents electronically with the SEC. The address of that website is http://www.sec.gov. The information on the SEC’s website is not part of this prospectus, and any references to this website or any other website are inactive textual references only.

The SEC permits us to “incorporate by reference” the information contained in documents we file with the SEC, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents rather than by including them in this prospectus. Information that is incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this prospectus and you should read it with the same care that you read this prospectus. Later information that we file with the SEC will automatically update and supersede the information that is either contained, or incorporated by reference, in this prospectus, and will be considered to be a part of this prospectus from the date those documents are filed. We have filed with the SEC, and incorporate by reference in this prospectus:

• our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed with the SEC on February 28, 2019;

• the information contained in our Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed with the SEC on April 5, 2018 and incorporated by reference into Part III of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017;

• our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 1, 2019; and

• the description of our common stock contained in our Registration Statement on Form 8-A filed on February 11, 2015, including any amendment or report filed for the purpose of updating such description.

We also incorporate by reference all additional documents that we file with the SEC under the terms of Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act that are made after the filing date of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, as well as between the date of this prospectus and the termination of any offering of common stock offered by this prospectus. We are not, however, incorporating, in each case, any documents or information that we are deemed to furnish and not file in accordance with SEC rules.

You may request a copy of any or all of the documents incorporated by reference but not delivered with this prospectus, at no cost, by writing or telephoning us at the following address and number: Investor Relations,

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Invitae Corporation, 1400 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94103 and (415) 374-7782. We will not, however, send exhibits to those documents, unless the exhibits are specifically incorporated by reference in those documents.

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17,777,778 shares

Common stock

Prospectus supplement

J.P. Morgan Cowen

April 1, 2020

Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(5)
Registration No. 333-230053

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE

Title of Each Class of Securities to be Registered	Amount to be Registered(1)	Proposed Maximum Offering Price Per Share	Proposed Maximum Aggregate Offering Price	Amount of Registration Fee(2)
Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share	20,444,444	$9.00	$183,999,996	$23,884

(1) Includes shares of Common Stock that may be purchased by the underwriters pursuant to their option to purchase additional shares of Common Stock.

(2) The registration fee is calculated and being paid pursuant to Rule 457(r) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and related to the Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-230053) filed by the Registrant on March 4, 2019.