Investment
Valuation
Fund holdings
are
valued
in
accordance
with
policies
and
procedures
established
by
the
Adviser
pursuant
to
Rule
2a-5
under
the
1940
Act
and
approved
by
and
subject
to
the
oversight
of
the
Trustees
(the
“Valuation
Procedures”).
Equity
securities,
including
shares
of
exchange-traded
funds,
traded
on
a
domestic
securities
exchange
are
generally
valued
at
readily
available
market
quotations,
which
are
(i)
the
official
close
prices
or
(ii)
last
sale
prices
on
the
primary
market
or
exchange
in
which
the
securities
trade.
If
such
price
is
lacking
for
the
trading
period
immediately
preceding
the
time
of
determination,
such
securities
are
generally
valued
at
their
current
bid
price.
Equity
securities
that
are
traded
on
a
foreign
exchange
are
generally
valued
at
the
closing
prices
on
such
markets.
In
the
event
that
there
is
no
current
trading
volume
on
a
particular
security
in
such
foreign
exchange,
the
bid
price
from
the
primary
exchange
is
generally
used
to
value
the
security.
Foreign
securities
and
currencies
are
converted
to
U.S.
dollars
using
the
current
spot
USD
dollar
exchange
rate
in
effect
at
the
close
of
the
London
Stock
Exchange.
The Fund will
determine
the
market
value
of
individual
securities
held
by
it
by
using
prices
provided
by
one
or
more
approved
professional
pricing
services
or,
as
needed,
by
obtaining
market
quotations
from
independent
broker-dealers.
Most
debt
securities
are
valued
in
accordance
with
the
evaluated
bid
price
supplied
by
the
Adviser-approved
pricing
service
that
is
intended
to
reflect
market
value.
The
evaluated
bid
price
supplied
by
the
pricing
service
is
an
evaluation
that
may
consider
factors
such
as
security
prices,
yields,
maturities
and
ratings.
Certain
short-term
securities
maturing
within
60
days
or
less
may
be
evaluated
and
valued
on
an
amortized
cost
basis
provided
that
the
amortized
cost
determined
approximates
market
value.
Securities
for
which
market
quotations
or
evaluated
prices
are
not
readily
available
or
deemed
unreliable
are
valued
at
fair
value
determined
in
good
faith
by
the
Adviser
pursuant
to
the
Valuation
Procedures. Circumstances
in
which
fair
valuation
may
be
utilized
include,
but
are
not
limited
to:
(i)
a
significant
event
that
may
affect
the
securities
of
a
single
issuer,
such
as
a
merger,
bankruptcy,
or
significant
issuer-specific
development;
(ii)
an
event
that
may
affect
an
entire
market,
such
as
a
natural
disaster
or
significant
governmental
action;
(iii)
a
nonsignificant
event
such
as
a
market
closing
early
or
not
opening,
or
a
security
trading
halt;
and
(iv)
pricing
of
a
non-valued
security
and
a
restricted
or
nonpublic
security.
Special
valuation
considerations
may
apply
with
respect
to
“odd-lot”
fixed-income
transactions
which,
due
to
their
small
size,
may
receive
evaluated
prices
by
pricing
services
which
reflect
a
large
block
trade
and
not
what
actually
could
be
obtained
for
the
odd-
lot
position.
The
value
of
the
securities
of
other
mutual
funds
held
by
the
Fund,
if
any,
will
be
calculated
using
the
NAV
of
such
mutual
funds,
and
the
prospectuses
for
such
mutual
funds
explain
the
circumstances
under
which
they
use
fair
valuation
and
the
effects
of
using
fair
valuation.
The
value
of
the
securities
of
any
cash
management
pooled
investment
vehicles
that
operate
as
money
market
funds
held
by
the
Fund,
if
any,
will
be
calculated
using
the
NAV
of
such
funds.
Valuation
Inputs
Summary
FASB
ASC
820,
Fair
Value
Measurements
and
Disclosures
(“ASC
820”),
defines
fair
value,
establishes
a
framework
for
measuring
fair
value,
and
expands
disclosure
requirements
regarding
fair
value
measurements.
This
standard
emphasizes
that
fair
value
is
a
market-based
measurement
that
should
be
determined
based
on
the
assumptions
that
market
participants
would
use
in
pricing
an
asset
or
liability
and
establishes
a
hierarchy
that
prioritizes
inputs
to
valuation
techniques
used
to
measure
fair
value.
These
inputs
are
summarized
into
three
broad
levels:
Level
1
–
Unadjusted
quoted
prices
in
active
markets
the
Fund
has
the
ability
to
access
for
identical
assets
or
liabilities.
Level
2
–
Observable
inputs
other
than
unadjusted
quoted
prices
included
in
Level
1
that
are
observable
for
the
asset
or
liability
either
directly
or
indirectly.
These
inputs
may
include
quoted
prices
for
the
identical
instrument
on
an
inactive
market,
prices
for
similar
instruments,
interest
rates,
prepayment
speeds,
credit
risk,
yield
curves,
default
rates
and
similar
data.
Assets
or
liabilities
categorized
as
Level
2
in
the
hierarchy
generally
include:
debt
securities
fair
valued
in
accordance
with
the
evaluated
bid
or
ask
prices
supplied
by
a
pricing
service;
securities
traded
on
OTC
markets
and
listed
securities
for
which
no
sales
are
reported
that
are
fair
valued
at
the
latest
bid
price
(or
yield
equivalent
thereof)
obtained
from
one
or
more
dealers
transacting
in
a
market
for
such
securities
or
by
a
pricing
service
approved
by
the
Fund’s
Trustees;
and
certain
short-term
debt
securities
with
maturities
of
60
days
or
less
that
are
fair
valued
at
amortized
cost.
Other
securities
that
may
be
categorized
as
Level
2
in
the
hierarchy
include,
but
are
not
limited
to,
preferred
stocks,
bank
loans,
swaps,
investments
in
unregistered
investment
companies,
options,
and
forward
contracts.