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FAIR VALUE

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2019

ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement, emphasizes that fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined using assumptions market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. The standard establishes a hierarchal disclosure framework which prioritizes and ranks the level of market price observability used in measuring assets or liabilities at fair value. Market price observability is impacted by a number of factors, including the type of investment and the characteristics specific to the asset or liability. Assets or liabilities with readily available active quoted prices, or for which fair value can be measured from actively quoted prices, generally will have a higher degree of market price observability and a lesser degree of judgment used in measuring fair value.

The following table presents the fair value measurement hierarchy levels required under ASC 820 for each of the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis:



	December 31, 2019								December 31, 2018
	Fair Value Measurements Using								Fair Value Measurements Using
(In thousands)	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Interest rate derivative assets	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	346	$	—	$	346	$	—
Liabilities:
Interest rate derivative liabilities	40,135		—		40,135		—		16,517		—		16,517		—

The fair values of interest rate derivatives are determined using the market standard methodology of netting the discounted future fixed cash payments and the discounted expected variable cash receipts. The variable cash receipts are based on an expectation of future interest rates derived from observable market interest rate curves.

As discussed further in Note 13 - Warrants, as of December 31, 2019, all Sponsor Warrants and Management Warrants had been exercised. The following table presents a rollforward of the valuation of the Company’s warrant liabilities:



(In thousands)	2019		2018		2017
Balance as of January 1,	$	—	$	—	$	332,170
Warrant liability loss (a)	—		—		43,443
Exercises of Sponsor and Management Warrants	—		—		(375,613		)
Balance as of December 31,	$	—	$	—	$	—


(a)	Amount represents losses recognized relating to each warrant prior to the respective exercise date.

The valuation of warrants was based on an option pricing valuation model, utilizing inputs which were classified as Level 3 due to the unavailability of comparable market data. The inputs to the valuation model included the fair value of stock related to the warrants, exercise price and term of the warrants, expected volatility, risk-free interest rate, dividend yield and, as appropriate, a discount for lack of marketability. Generally, an increase in expected volatility would increase the fair value of the liability. The impact of the volatility on fair value diminished as the market value of the stock increased above the strike price. As the period of restriction lapsed, the marketability discount reduced to zero and increased the fair value of the warrants.

There were no significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Company’s warrant liabilities as of December 31, 2017.

The estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments that are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis are as follows:



		December 31, 2019				December 31, 2018
(In thousands)	Fair Value Hierarchy	Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value
Assets:
Cash and Restricted cash	Level 1	$	620,135	$	620,135	$	724,215	$	724,215
Accounts receivable, net (a)	Level 3	12,279		12,279		12,589		12,589
Notes receivable, net (b)	Level 3	36,379		36,379		4,694		4,694
Liabilities:
Fixed-rate debt (c)	Level 2	1,908,660		1,949,773		1,663,875		1,608,635
Variable-rate debt (c)	Level 2	2,229,958		2,229,958		1,551,336		1,551,336


(a)	Accounts receivable, net is shown net of an allowance of $15.6 million and $10.7 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.


(b)	Notes receivable, net is shown net of an allowance of $0.2 million and $0.1 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018.


(c)	Excludes related unamortized financing costs.

The carrying amounts of Cash and Restricted cash, Accounts receivable, net and Notes receivable, net approximate fair value because of the short‑term maturity of these instruments.

The fair value of the Company’s Senior Notes, included in fixed-rate debt in the table above, is based upon the trade price closest to the end of the period presented. The fair value of other fixed-rate debt in the table above, was estimated based on a discounted future cash payment model, which includes risk premiums and risk-free rates derived from the current LIBOR or U.S. Treasury obligation interest rates. Please refer to Note 7 - Mortgages, Notes and Loans Payable, Net in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. The discount rates reflect the Company’s judgment with respect to approximate current lending rates for loans or groups of loans with similar maturities and credit quality would be if credit markets were operating efficiently and assuming that the debt is outstanding through maturity.

The carrying amounts for the Company’s variable-rate debt approximate fair value given that the interest rates are variable and adjust with current market rates for instruments with similar risks and maturities.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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