
	December 31,
	2022		2021
Real estate loans:
Multifamily	$	2,824,579	$	2,518,065
Commercial mortgage	899,249		808,597
One-to-four family residential mortgage	173,946		183,665
Home equity and lines of credit	152,555		109,956
Construction and land	24,932		27,495
Total real estate loans	4,075,261		3,647,778
Commercial and industrial loans (1)	154,700		141,005
Other loans	2,230		2,015
Total commercial and industrial and other loans	156,930		143,020

Loans held-for-investment, net (excluding PCD)	4,232,191		3,790,798
PCD	11,502		15,819
Total loans held-for-investment, net	4,243,693		3,806,617
Allowance for credit losses	(42,617)		(38,973)
Net loans held-for-investment	$	4,201,076	$	3,767,644

In addition to originating loans, the Company may acquire loans through portfolio purchases or acquisitions of other companies. Purchased loans that have evidence of more than insignificant credit deterioration since origination are deemed PCD loans. For PCD loans, each loan pool is accounted for as a single asset with a single composite interest rate and an aggregate expectation of cash flows. PCD loans totaled $11.5 million at December 31, 2022, as compared to $15.8 million at December 31, 2021. The majority of the PCD loan balance was attributable to those loans acquired as part of a FDIC-assisted transaction. At December 31, 2022, PCD loans consisted of approximately 9% one-to-four family residential loans, 28% commercial real estate loans, and 53% commercial and industrial loans, and 10% in home equity loans. At December 31, 2021, PCD loans consisted of approximately 16% one-to-four family residential loans, 25% commercial real estate loans, 48% commercial and industrial loans, and 11% in construction and land and home equity loans.

The Company monitors the credit quality of its loan portfolio on a regular basis. Credit quality is monitored by reviewing certain credit quality indicators. Management has determined that loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratios (at period end) and internally assigned credit risk ratings by loan type are the key credit quality indicators that best measure the credit quality of the Company’s loan receivables. LTV used by management in monitoring credit quality are based on current period loan balances and original appraised values at the time of origination (unless a current appraisal has been obtained as a result of the loan being deemed impaired).

The Company maintains a credit risk rating system as part of the risk assessment of its loan portfolio. The Company’s lending officers are required to assign a credit risk rating to each loan in their portfolio at origination. This risk rating is reviewed periodically and adjusted if necessary. Monthly, management presents monitored assets to the loan committee. In addition, the Company engages a third-party independent loan reviewer that performs semi-annual reviews of a sample of loans, validating the credit risk ratings assigned to such loans. The credit risk ratings play an important role in the establishment of the provision for credit losses on loans and the allowance for credit losses for loans held-for-investment. After determining the loss factor for each portfolio segment held-for-investment, the collectively evaluated for impairment balance of the held-for-investment portfolio is multiplied by the collectively evaluated for impairment loss factor for the respective portfolio segment in order to determine the allowance for loans collectively evaluated for impairment.

Loans rated 1 to 5 are considered pass ratings. An asset is classified substandard if it is inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Substandard assets have well defined weaknesses based on objective evidence, and are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Assets classified as doubtful have all of the weaknesses inherent in those classified substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses present make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable based on current circumstances. Assets classified as loss are those considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as assets is not warranted. Assets which do not currently expose the Company to sufficient risk to warrant classification in one of the aforementioned categories, but possess weaknesses, are required to be designated special mention.


	December 31, 2022
	2022		2021		2020		2019		2018		Prior		Revolving Loans		Total
Real Estate:
Multifamily
Pass	$	632,613	$	676,370	$	500,069	$	255,374	$	204,810	$	545,335	$	521	$	2,815,092

Substandard	—		—		—		—		3,525		5,962		—		9,487
Total multifamily	632,613		676,370		500,069		255,374		208,335		551,297		521		2,824,579
Commercial
Pass	213,621		147,419		68,215		90,644		72,512		275,606		1,664		869,681
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		4,852		—		4,852
Substandard	2,889		10,574		—		—		—		11,253		—		24,716
Total commercial	216,510		157,993		68,215		90,644		72,512		291,711		1,664		899,249
One-to-four family residential
Pass	26,432		12,340		8,623		10,057		7,227		105,787		1,006		171,472
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		1,716		—		1,716
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		758		—		758
Total one-to-four family residential	26,432		12,340		8,623		10,057		7,227		108,261		1,006		173,946
Home equity and lines of credit
Pass	36,513		16,053		8,198		5,948		4,484		11,315		69,539		152,050
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		70		—		70
Substandard	—		—		—		92		48		295		—		435
Total home equity and lines of credit	36,513		16,053		8,198		6,040		4,532		11,680		69,539		152,555
Construction and land
Pass	8,121		1,145		6,335		1,276		1,427		3,905		653		22,862

Substandard	—		—		—		—		2,070		—		—		2,070
Total construction and land	8,121		1,145		6,335		1,276		3,497		3,905		653		24,932
Total real estate loans	920,189		863,901		591,440		363,391		296,103		966,854		73,383		4,075,261
Commercial and industrial
Pass	16,941		14,805		7,754		3,754		1,460		8,172		98,969		151,855
Special mention	—		—		48		—		—		124		214		386
Substandard	291		482		96		50		200		217		1,123		2,459
Total commercial and industrial	17,232		15,287		7,898		3,804		1,660		8,513		100,306		154,700
Other
Pass	2,010		—		114		5		6		21		74		2,230


Total other	2,010		—		114		5		6		21		74		2,230
Total loans held-for-investment, net	$	939,431	$	879,188	$	599,452	$	367,200	$	297,769	$	975,388	$	173,763	$	4,232,191


	December 31, 2021
	2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		Prior		Revolving Loans		Total
Real Estate:
Multifamily
Pass	$	723,029	$	525,078	$	322,067	$	238,692	$	231,647	$	461,834	$	184	$	2,502,531
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		425		—		425
Substandard	—		—		1,724		5,401		—		7,984		—		15,109
Total multifamily	723,029		525,078		323,791		244,093		231,647		470,243		184		2,518,065
Commercial
Pass	153,803		72,718		97,228		99,165		65,750		274,195		2,589		765,448
Special mention	—		—		505		—		1,095		8,559		—		10,159
Substandard	10,881		—		7,866		—		2,854		11,389		—		32,990
Total commercial	164,684		72,718		105,599		99,165		69,699		294,143		2,589		808,597
One-to-four family residential
Pass	12,095		9,040		11,244		13,299		10,232		120,693		1,004		177,607
Special mention	—		—		467		—		—		2,336		—		2,803
Substandard	—		—		517		—		—		2,738		—		3,255
Total one-to-four family residential	12,095		9,040		12,228		13,299		10,232		125,767		1,004		183,665
Home equity and lines of credit
Pass	18,449		12,244		7,347		6,031		2,592		11,162		51,494		109,319
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		103		—		103
Substandard	—		—		96		50		—		388		—		534
Total home equity and lines of credit	18,449		12,244		7,443		6,081		2,592		11,653		51,494		109,956
Construction and land
Pass	9,883		5,755		2,039		4,062		1,809		3,467		480		27,495


Total construction and land	9,883		5,755		2,039		4,062		1,809		3,467		480		27,495
Total real estate loans	928,140		624,835		451,100		366,700		315,979		905,273		55,751		3,647,778
Commercial and industrial
Pass	45,426		10,087		4,378		2,316		640		9,298		61,728		133,873
Special mention	—		—		166		—		132		224		50		572
Substandard	—		361		154		595		—		726		4,724		6,560
Total commercial and industrial	45,426		10,448		4,698		2,911		772		10,248		66,502		141,005
Other
Pass	1,715		156		19		26		—		49		50		2,015


Total other	1,715		156		19		26		—		49		50		2,015
Total loans held-for-investment, net	$	975,281	$	635,439	$	455,817	$	369,637	$	316,751	$	915,570	$	122,303	$	3,790,798

Included in loans receivable held-for-investment are loans for which the accrual of interest income has been discontinued due to deterioration in the financial condition of the borrowers. The recorded investment of these non-accrual loans was $9.8 million and $7.6 million at December 31, 2022, and December 31, 2021, respectively. Generally, originated loans are placed on non-accrual status when they become 90 days or more delinquent, or sooner if considered appropriate by management, and remain on non-accrual status until they are brought current, have six consecutive months of performance under the loan terms, and factors indicating reasonable doubt about the timely collection of payments no longer exist. Therefore, loans may be current in accordance with their loan terms, or may be less than 90 days delinquent and still be on a non-accruing status.

When an individual loan no longer demonstrates the similar credit risk characteristics as other loans within its current segment, the Company evaluates each for expected credit losses on an individual basis. All non-accrual loans $500,000 and above and all loans designated as TDRs are individually evaluated. The non-accrual amounts included in loans individually evaluated for impairment were $5.2 million and $4.2 million at December 31, 2022, and December 31, 2021, respectively. Loans on non-accrual status with principal balances less than $500,000, and therefore not meeting the Company’s definition of an impaired loan, amounted to $4.6 million at December 31, 2022, and $3.4 million at December 31, 2021. Loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest were $425,000 and $384,000 at December 31, 2022, and December 31, 2021, respectively, and consisted of loans that are well secured and in the process of collection.


	December 31, 2022
	Total Non-Performing Loans
	Non-Accruing Loans
	Current		30-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due		Total		90 Days or More Past Due and Accruing		Total Non-Performing Loans
Loans held-for-investment:
Real estate loans:
Multifamily


Substandard	$	1,923	$	—	$	1,362	$	3,285	$	233	$	3,518
Total multifamily	1,923		—		1,362		3,285		233		3,518
Commercial


Substandard	2,806		431		1,947		5,184		8		5,192
Total commercial	2,806		431		1,947		5,184		8		5,192
One-to-four family residential


Substandard	—		—		118		118		155		273
Total one-to-four family residential	—		—		118		118		155		273
Home equity and lines of credit


Substandard	186		—		76		262		—		262
Total home equity and lines of credit	186		—		76		262		—		262





Total real estate	4,915		431		3,503		8,849		396		9,245
Commercial and industrial loans


Substandard	—		26		938		964		24		988
Total commercial and industrial loans	—		26		938		964		24		988
Other loans
Pass	—		—		—		—		5		5
Total other	—		—		—		—		5		5
Total non-performing loans	$	4,915	$	457	$	4,441	$	9,813	$	425	$	10,238


	December 31, 2022
			Past Due Loans
	30-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due and Accruing		Total Past Due		Current		Total Loans Receivable, net
Loans held-for-investment:
Real estate loans:
Multifamily
Pass	$	189	$	—	$	—	$	189	$	2,814,903	$	2,815,092

Substandard	—		1,362		233		1,595		7,892		9,487
Total multifamily	189		1,362		233		1,784		2,822,795		2,824,579
Commercial
Pass	726		—		—		726		868,955		869,681
Special mention	—		—		—		—		4,852		4,852
Substandard	605		1,947		8		2,560		22,156		24,716
Total commercial	1,331		1,947		8		3,286		895,963		899,249
One-to-four family residential
Pass	603		—		—		603		170,869		171,472
Special mention	69		—		—		69		1,647		1,716
Substandard	—		118		155		273		485		758
Total one-to-four family residential	672		118		155		945		173,001		173,946
Home equity and lines of credit
Pass	657		—		—		657		151,393		152,050
Special mention	—		—		—		—		70		70
Substandard	173		76		—		249		186		435
Total home equity and lines of credit	830		76		—		906		151,649		152,555
Construction and land
Pass	—		—		—		—		22,862		22,862

Substandard	—		—		—		—		2,070		2,070
Total construction and land	—		—		—		—		24,932		24,932
Total real estate	3,022		3,503		396		6,921		4,068,340		4,075,261
Commercial and industrial
Pass	573		—		—		573		151,282		151,855
Special mention	—		—		—		—		386		386
Substandard	498		938		24		1,460		999		2,459
Total commercial and industrial	1,071		938		24		2,033		152,667		154,700
Other loans
Pass	5		—		5		10		2,220		2,230


Total other loans	5		—		5		10		2,220		2,230
Total loans held-for-investment	$	4,098	$	4,441	$	425	$	8,964	$	4,223,227	$	4,232,191


	December 31, 2021
	Past Due Loans
	30-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due and Accruing		Total Past Due		Current		Total Loans Receivable, net
Loans held-for-investment:
Real estate loans:
Multifamily
Pass	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	2,502,531	$	2,502,531
Special mention	—		—		—		—		425		425
Substandard	280		1,602		—		1,882		13,227		15,109
Total multifamily	280		1,602		—		1,882		2,516,183		2,518,065
Commercial
Pass	77		—		—		77		765,371		765,448
Special mention	67		280		—		347		9,812		10,159
Substandard	—		1,893		147		2,040		30,950		32,990
Total commercial	144		2,173		147		2,464		806,133		808,597
One-to-four family residential
Pass	206		—		—		206		177,401		177,607
Special mention	387		—		—		387		2,416		2,803
Substandard	—		314		165		479		2,776		3,255
Total one-to-four family residential	593		314		165		1,072		182,593		183,665
Home equity and lines of credit
Pass	316		—		—		316		109,003		109,319
Special mention	—		—		—		—		103		103
Substandard	96		281		—		377		157		534
Total home equity and lines of credit	412		281		—		693		109,263		109,956
Construction and land
Pass	—		—		—		—		27,495		27,495


Total construction and land	—		—		—		—		27,495		27,495
Total real estate	1,429		4,370		312		6,111		3,641,667		3,647,778
Commercial and industrial
Pass	2		—		72		74		133,799		133,873
Special mention	—		—		—		—		572		572
Substandard	—		—		—		—		6,560		6,560
Total commercial and industrial	2		—		72		74		140,931		141,005
Other loans
Pass	15		—		—		15		2,000		2,015


Total other loans	15		—		—		15		2,000		2,015
Total loans held-for-investment	$	1,446	$	4,370	$	384	$	6,200	$	3,784,598	$	3,790,798

Loans for which the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral are considered to be collateral-dependent loans. Collateral can have a significant financial effect in mitigating exposure to credit risk and, where there is sufficient collateral, an allowance for credit losses is not recognized or is minimal. For collateral-dependent loans, the allowance for credit losses is individually assessed based on the fair value of the collateral less estimated costs of sale. The Company's collateral-dependent loans are secured by real estate. Collateral values are generally based on appraisals which are adjusted for changes in market indices. As of both December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had $7.4 million of collateral-dependent impaired loans. The collateral-dependent loans at December 31, 2022 consisted of $5.0 million of commercial real estate loans, $2.0 million of multifamily loans, and $335,000 of one-to-four family residential loans. For the year ended December 31, 2022, there was no significant deterioration or changes in the collateral securing these loans.

Management classifies all TDRs as loans individually evaluated for impairment. Loans individually evaluated for impairment are assessed to determine that the loan’s carrying value is not in excess of the estimated fair value of the collateral less cost to sell, if the loan is collateral-dependent, or the present value of the expected future cash flows, if the loan is not collateral-dependent. Management performs an evaluation of each impaired loan and generally obtains updated appraisals as part of the evaluation. In addition, management adjusts estimated fair values down to appropriately consider recent market conditions, our willingness to accept a lower sales price to effect a quick sale, and costs to dispose of any supporting collateral. Determining the estimated fair value of underlying collateral (and related costs to sell) can be difficult in illiquid real estate markets and is subject to significant assumptions and estimates. Management employs an independent third-party management firm that specializes in appraisal preparation and review to ascertain the reasonableness of updated appraisals. Projecting the expected cash flows under TDRs which are not collateral-dependent is inherently subjective and requires, among other things, an evaluation of the borrower’s current and projected financial condition. Actual results may be significantly different than our projections and our established allowance for credit losses on these loans, which could have a material effect on our financial results.