FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS |
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Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS | FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS Fair value is defined under U.S. GAAP as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value is a market-based measurement that is determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability. To increase the comparability of fair value measures, the following hierarchy prioritizes the inputs in valuation methodologies used to measure fair value: Level 1 - Measurements that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. Level 2 - Measurements that include other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace. Level 3 - Measurements derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable. These fair value measurements require significant judgment. In determining fair value, we use various valuation approaches within the fair value measurement framework. The valuation methodologies used for our assets and liabilities measured at fair value and their classification in the valuation hierarchy are summarized below: Fair value option investments and available-for-sale securities. To determine the fair value of our fair value option investments each period, we first estimate the fair value of each entity in its entirety. We primarily use the discounted cash flow method, which is an income approach, to estimate the fair value of the entities. The key inputs to determining fair values under that approach are cash flow forecasts and discount rates. We also use a market approach valuation technique, which is based on market multiples of guideline companies, to determine the fair value of each entity. The discounted cash flow and market multiple valuations are then evaluated and weighted to determine the amount that is most representative of the fair value of each entity. Once we determine the fair value of each entity, we then determine the fair value of our specific investments in those entities. The entities have complex capital structures, so we apply an option-pricing model that considers the liquidation preferences of each entity's respective classes of ownership interests to determine the fair value of our investment in each entity. We also have investments in redeemable preferred shares and had investments in convertible debt securities issued by nonpublic entities. We measure the fair value of those available-for-sale securities using the discounted cash flow method. We have classified our fair value option investments and our investments in available-for-sale securities as Level 3 due to the lack of observable market data over fair value inputs such as cash flow projections and discount rates. Increases in projected cash flows and decreases in discount rates contribute to increases in the estimated fair values of the fair value option investments and available-for-sale securities, whereas decreases in projected cash flows and increases in discount rates contribute to decreases in their fair values. Contingent consideration. We are subject to a contingent consideration arrangement to transfer a maximum payout in cash of $2.5 million to the former owners of a business acquired on April 30, 2018. Liabilities for contingent consideration are measured at fair value each reporting period, with the acquisition-date fair value included as part of the consideration transferred in the related business combination and subsequent changes in fair value recorded in earnings within Selling, general and administrative expense on the condensed consolidated statements of operations. We use an income approach to value contingent consideration obligations based on the present value of probability-weighted future cash flows. We classify the contingent consideration liabilities as Level 3 due to the lack of relevant observable market data over fair value inputs such as probability-weighting of payment outcomes. The following tables summarize assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in thousands):
The following table provides a roll-forward of the fair value of recurring Level 3 fair value measurements for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis Certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, including assets that are written down to fair value as a result of an impairment. We did not record any significant nonrecurring fair value measurements after initial recognition for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018. Estimated Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities Not Measured at Fair Value Our financial instruments not carried at fair value consist primarily of accounts receivable, restricted cash, accounts payable, accrued merchant and supplier payables and accrued expenses. The carrying values of those assets and liabilities approximate their respective fair values as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 due to their short-term nature. |