-----BEGIN PRIVACY-ENHANCED MESSAGE----- Proc-Type: 2001,MIC-CLEAR Originator-Name: webmaster@www.sec.gov Originator-Key-Asymmetric: MFgwCgYEVQgBAQICAf8DSgAwRwJAW2sNKK9AVtBzYZmr6aGjlWyK3XmZv3dTINen TWSM7vrzLADbmYQaionwg5sDW3P6oaM5D3tdezXMm7z1T+B+twIDAQAB MIC-Info: RSA-MD5,RSA, Utu4xmTtyQWuxkKz4z2pjJsY4ub+K2TWSdEGGeC7raMjWCnidSPpimrwSsQ1bsts VM51+0wJQBSKk0Jn5X2jAQ== 0000315774-11-000036.txt : 20110302 0000315774-11-000036.hdr.sgml : 20110302 20110302164821 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0000315774-11-000036 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: N-CSR PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 8 CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT: 20110131 FILED AS OF DATE: 20110302 DATE AS OF CHANGE: 20110302 EFFECTIVENESS DATE: 20110302 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: Chou America Mutual Funds CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001486174 IRS NUMBER: 000000000 STATE OF INCORPORATION: DE FISCAL YEAR END: 1231 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: N-CSR SEC ACT: 1940 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 811-22394 FILM NUMBER: 11656905 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: THREE CANAL PLAZA STREET 2: SUITE 600 CITY: PORTLAND STATE: ME ZIP: 04101 BUSINESS PHONE: (207) 347-2088 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: THREE CANAL PLAZA STREET 2: SUITE 600 CITY: PORTLAND STATE: ME ZIP: 04101 FORMER COMPANY: FORMER CONFORMED NAME: Chou U.S. Mutual Funds DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 20100303 0001486174 S000028950 Chou Equity Opportunity Fund C000088915 Chou Equity Opportunity Fund 0001486174 S000028951 Chou Income Opportunity Fund C000088916 Chou Income Opportunity Fund N-CSR 1 dncsr.htm dncsr.htm
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 2, 2011

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM N-CSR

CERTIFIED SHAREHOLDER REPORT OF REGISTERED MANAGEMENT
INVESTMENT COMPANIES

Investment Company Act file number 811-22394

CHOU AMERICA MUTUAL FUNDS
Three Canal Plaza, Suite 600
Portland, Maine 04101


Michael J. McKeen, Principal Financial Officer
Three Canal Plaza, Suite 600
Portland, Maine 04101
207-347-2000


Date of fiscal year end: December 31

Date of reporting period: July 1, 2010 – December 31, 2010


 
 
 
 



ITEM 1. REPORT TO STOCKHOLDERS.


CHOU AMERICA MUTUAL FUNDS

 






Annual Report
 December 31, 2010








Fund Adviser:
Chou America Management Inc.
110 Sheppard Ave. East
Suite 301, Box 18
Toronto, Ontario, Canada M2N 6Y8
Toll Free: (877)-755-5188

 
 
 
 


 
 
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 

A Message to our Shareholders....................................................................1
Performance Chart and Analysis...................................................................5 
Schedules of Investments..............................................................................7 
Statements of Assets and Liabilities...........................................................11 
Statements of Operations..............................................................................12 
Statements of Changes in Net Assets........................................................13 
Financial Highlights.......................................................................................14
Notes to Financial Statements.....................................................................16
Additional Information (Unaudited) ..........................................................22

 
 
 
 

CHOU EQUITY OPPORTUNITY FUND
A MESSAGE TO OUR SHAREHOLDERS
DECEMBER 31, 2010 
 
Dear Shareholder,

In its first six months of operation -- from its launch date of July 1, 2010 through December 31, 2010 -- the Chou Equity Opportunity Fund (the “Fund”) generated a total return of 22.00%.  During this same period, the S&P 500 generated a return of 23.66%.  (Performance data quoted represents past performance and is no guarantee of future results. Current performance may be lower or higher than the performance data quoted. Investment return and principal value will fluctuate so that an investor’s shares, when redeemed, may be worth more or less than original cost. For the most recent month-end performance, please call 877-682-6352.  As stated in the current prospectus, the Fund’s annual operating expense ratio (gross) is 5.22%. 60; However, the Adviser has contractually agreed to waive a portion of its fees and reimburse certain expenses through July 1, 2011, to limit Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses to 1.75%.  Shares held less than 120 days will be subject to a 2.00% redemption fee.)

The performance of the Fund was aided by its position in King Pharmaceuticals. On October 12, 2010, Pfizer announced that it was going to purchase King for $14.25 per share. On the day of the announcement, the Fund had approximately 17.0% of its assets in King. This large holding had a meaningful impact on the performance of the Fund.

Other major positive contributors to the performance of the Fund were:
·  
Sears Holdings – which benefited from increased consumer confidence and an improvement in U.S. consumer spending.
·  
Sandridge Energy – which benefited from strong energy prices and the continuation of an economic recovery in the United States.
·  
Mannkind Corporation – which benefited from investor optimism surrounding the company’s diabetes drug, Afrezza.

We are pleased to report that the Fund achieved a total return of 22.00% for its first six months of operation even though its average daily cash balance was approximately 46%.  In a rising stock market, large cash balances are a drag on performance and this was the case for the Fund during the last six months of 2010.

Market Commentary

During the last six months of 2010 the stock market experienced very strong gains on the heels of an accelerating economic recovery in the United States, a resolution of the European debt crisis and strong corporate earnings.  In addition, the capital markets were accessible and companies were able to issue debt at very favorable rates.  Despite all of the positives, several areas of concern remain, such as large local, state and federal budget deficits in the United States, inflationary pressures (particularly in emerging markets) and sovereign debt issues in both Europe and Japan.  These issues may increase market volatility and may provide us with attractive investment opportunities.

Our Philosophy

We are value investors.  The investment principle we follow is to purchase securities at a price that is far less than what they are worth, measured by sustainable earning power and/or hard assets that are not depreciating in value. This approach seeks to achieve an adequate "Margin of Safety" when purchasing securities.  This concept, while unappreciated and ignored by many, is what distinguishes investment from speculation.

In applying these value investment principles we are subject to the following guidelines, which may shape our investment options:
 
·  
The Fund is "Non-diversified,"
 
 
·  
the Fund can invest up to a maximum of 25% of the Fund's assets in any one industry with a total limit of 50% of the Fund’s assets in any two industries,
 
 
·  
in accordance with the U.S. Tax Code, the Fund cannot invest more than 50% of its assets in securities where each security comprises more than  5% of the Fund's assets, and
 
 
·  
the Fund may invest up to 15% of its assets in “illiquid securities.”
 
Because of these guidelines, the Fund’s performance on a day-to-day basis may be more volatile.

Miscellaneous

After managing mutual funds in Canada for many years, we are very excited about managing the Chou Equity Opportunity Fund and will continue to apply the same value principles as we have done in Canada.
 
 
   1  
 
 
 
 
 
 
CHOU EQUITY OPPORTUNITY FUND
A MESSAGE TO OUR SHAREHOLDERS
DECEMBER 31, 2010 
 
Investors can buy the Fund directly by going to our website, www.chouamerica.com.  In addition, we are now available on several brokerage platforms, including Charles Schwab.

Yours truly,
Francis Chou
Portfolio Manager and CEO
Chou America Management Inc.


The views in this report were those of the Fund managers as of December 31, 2010, and may not reflect their views on the date this report is first published or anytime thereafter.  These views are intended to assist the shareholders of the Fund in understanding their investments in the Fund and do not constitute investment advice. This letter may contain discussions about certain investments held and not held in the portfolio. All current and future holdings are subject to risk and to change. There can be no guarantee of success with any technique, strategy or investment.

The S&P 500 Index is an unmanaged index representing the average performance of 500 widely held, publicly traded, large capitalization stocks.  One cannot invest directly in an index.

   2  

 
 
 
 

CHOU INCOME OPPORTUNITY FUND
A MESSAGE TO OUR SHAREHOLDERS
DECEMBER 31, 2010 

Dear Shareholder,

In its first six months of operation -- from its launch date of July 1, 2010 through December 31, 2010 -- the Chou Income Opportunity Fund (the “Fund”) generated a total return of 18.54%.  During this same period, the Barclay's U.S. High Yield Index generated a return of 10.23%. (Performance data quoted represents past performance and is no guarantee of future results. Current performance may be lower or higher than the performance data quoted. Investment return and principal value will fluctuate so that an investor’s shares, when redeemed, may be worth more or less than original cost. For the most recent month-end performance, please call 877-682-6352.  As stated in the current prospectus, the Fund’s annual operating expense ratio (gross) is 5.22%.  However, the Adviser has contractually agreed to waive a portion of its fees and reimburse certain expenses through July 1, 2011, to limit Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses to 1.50%.  Shares held less than 120 days will be subject to a 2.00% redemption fee.)

Major positive contributors to the performance of the Fund were the debt securities of CompuCredit Holdings Corp., Abitibi-Consolidated, Inc. and Catalyst Paper Corp. During the third week of December, 2010, Abitibi-Consolidated, Inc. emerged from bankruptcy and the majority of the bonds that we were holding were converted into AbitibiBowater common shares on the initial distribution date. Supplemental interim distributions of the shares held in reserve will be distributed pending settlements with disputed claims.

We are pleased to report that the Fund achieved a total return of 18.54% in the first six months even though its average daily cash balance was approximately 55%.  In a rising market, large cash balances are a drag on performance and this was the case for the Fund during the last six months of 2010.

Market Commentary

During the last six months of 2010, corporate bond markets were strong as investors grew more confident in the sustainability of an economic recovery in the United States.  Corporate profits were strong and companies took advantage of favorable market conditions to issue debt at very attractive rates.  In general, corporate balance sheets have become stronger.

Lately, we have focused on debt securities that have defaulted or are distressed. The down side to investing in defaulted or distressed securities is that even if we perform all the due diligence we want we could still end up financially distressed. The reason being that there are too many imponderables to consider - factors which cannot be measured, evaluated or foreseen - and these unknowns leave us vulnerable. Distressed securities involve companies that have one or more serious deficiencies including weak economics, stretched balance sheets, liquidity problems, incompetent management, accounting frauds, potentially mutant cockroaches - you name it.

Therefore, one must proceed with eyes wide open and accept that there is a good chance that at some point, one or more of the investments in distressed securities may not work out well. The up side is that because of the uncertainties and the stigma associated with distressed securities, the debt securities of these companies are often selling at deep discounts to their potential “recovery” values. As a result, we believe that we have a fair chance to earn equity-like returns but it comes with a price - the returns can be volatile.

Our Philosophy

We are value investors.  The investment principle we follow is to purchase securities at a price that is far less than what they are worth, measured by their intrinsic or ultimate recovery value in a bankruptcy/restructuring scenario. This approach seeks to achieve an adequate “Margin of Safety” when purchasing securities.  This concept, while unappreciated and ignored by many, is what distinguishes investment from speculation.

In applying these value investment principles we are subject to the following guidelines, which may shape our investment options:
 
·  
The Fund is "Non-diversified,"
 
 
·  
the Fund can invest up to a maximum of 25% of the Fund's assets in any one industry with a total limit of 50% of the Fund’s assets in any two industries,
 
 
·  
in accordance with the U.S. Tax Code, the Fund cannot invest more than 50% of its assets in securities where each security comprises more than  5% of the Fund's assets, and
 
 
·  
the Fund may invest up to 15% of its assets in “illiquid securities.”
 
 
   3  

 
 
 
 

CHOU INCOME OPPORTUNITY FUND
A MESSAGE TO OUR SHAREHOLDERS
DECEMBER 31, 2010 
 
Because of these guidelines, the Fund’s performance on a day-to-day basis may be more volatile.

Miscellaneous

After managing mutual funds in Canada for many years, we are very excited about managing the Chou Income Opportunity Fund and will continue to apply the same value principles as we have done in Canada.

Investors can buy the Fund directly by going to our website, www.chouamerica.com.  In addition, we are now available on several brokerage platforms, including Charles Schwab.

Yours truly,
Francis Chou
Portfolio Manager and CEO
Chou America Management Inc.


The views in this report were those of the Fund managers as of December 31, 2010, and may not reflect their views on the date this report is first published or anytime thereafter.  These views are intended to assist the shareholders of the Fund in understanding their investments in the Fund and do not constitute investment advice. This letter may contain discussions about certain investments held and not held in the portfolio. All current and future holdings are subject to risk and to change. There can be no guarantee of success with any technique, strategy or investment.

The Barclays Capital U.S. Corporate High Yield Index is comprised of issues that meet the following criteria: at least $150 million par value outstanding, maximum credit rating of Ba1 (including defaulted issues) and at least one year to maturity.  One cannot invest directly in an index.
 
   4  

 
 
 
 
 
CHOU EQUITY OPPORTUNITY FUND
PERFORMANCE CHART AND ANALYSIS
DECEMBER 31, 2010 
 
The following chart reflects the change in the value of a hypothetical $10,000 investment, including reinvested dividends and distributions, in the Chou Equity Opportunity Fund (the “Fund”) compared with the performance of the benchmark Standard & Poor's 500 Index ("S&P 500"), since inception. The S&P 500 is a market-value weighted index representing the performance of 500 widely held, publicly traded stocks. The total return of the S&P 500 includes reinvestment of dividends and income. The total return of the Fund includes operating expenses that reduce returns, while the total return of the S&P 500 does not include expenses. The Fund is professionally managed while the S&P 500 is unmanaged and is not available for investment.
 
Performance data quoted represents past performance and is no guarantee of future results. Current performance may be lower or higher than the performance data quoted.  Investment return and principal value will fluctuate so that shares, when redeemed, may be worth more or less than original cost. For the most recent month-end performance please call (877) 682-6352. Shares redeemed or exchanged within 120 days of purchase will be charged a 2.00% redemption fee. As stated in the Fund's prospectus, the annual operating expense ratio (gross) is 5.22%. However, the Fund's adviser has agreed to contractually waive a portion of its fees and to reimburse expenses such that total operating expenses do not exceed 1.75%, which is in effect until July 1, 2011. D uring the period, certain fees were waived and/or expenses reimbursed; otherwise, returns would have been lower. The performance table and graph do not reflect the deduction of taxes that a shareholder would pay on Fund distributions or the redemption of Fund shares.



Total Return as of  12/31/10
Since Inception 07/01/10
Chou Equity Opportunity Fund
22.00%
S&P 500
23.66%
   
   
Investment Value as of 12/31/10
 
Chou Equity Opportunity Fund
$12,200
S&P 500
$12,366
   
   
          
 
   5  

 
 
 
 

CHOU INCOME OPPORTUNITY FUND
PERFORMANCE CHART AND ANALYSIS
DECEMBER 31, 2010 
 
The following chart reflects the change in the value of a hypothetical $10,000 investment, including reinvested dividends and distributions, in the Chou Income Opportunity Fund (the “Fund”) compared with the performance of the benchmark Barclays Capital U.S. Corporate High Yield Index ("Barclays Index"), since inception. The Barclays Index is comprised of issues that meet the following criteria: at least $150 million par value outstanding, maximum credit rating of Ba1 (including defaulted issues) and at least one year to maturity.The total return of the Barclays Index includes reinvestment of dividends and income. The total return of the Fund includes operating expenses that reduce returns, while the total return of the Barclays Index does not include expenses. The Fund is professionally managed while the Barclays Index is unmanaged and is not available for investment.
 
Performance data quoted represents past performance and is no guarantee of future results. Current performance may be lower or higher than the performance data quoted.  Investment return and principal value will fluctuate so that shares, when redeemed, may be worth more or less than original cost. For the most recent month-end performance please call (877) 682-6352. Shares redeemed or exchanged within 120 days of purchase will be charged a 2.00% redemption fee. As stated in the Fund's prospectus, the annual operating expense ratio (gross) is 5.22%. However, the Fund's adviser has agreed to contractually waive a portion of its fees and to reimburse expenses such that total operating expenses do not exceed 1.50%, which is in effect until July 1, 2011. D uring the period, certain fees were waived and/or expenses reimbursed; otherwise, returns would have been lower. The performance table and graph do not reflect the deduction of taxes that a shareholder would pay on Fund distributions or the redemption of Fund shares.
 
Total Return as of 12/31/10
Since Inception 07/01/10
Chou Income Opportunity Fund
18.54%
Barclays Capital U.S. Corporate High Yield Index
10.23%
   
   
Investment Value as of 12/31/10
 
Chou Income Opportunity Fund
$11,854
Barclays Capital U.S. Corporate High Yield Index
$11,023
   
   
   

   6  

 
 
 
 

CHOU EQUITY OPPORTUNITY FUND
SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2010 
 
 
 
Shares
 
Security
Description
 
Value
 

Common Stock - 72.0%
Communications - 24.4%
 
20,900
 
Sprint Nextel Corp. (a)
$
          88,407
 
 
80,000
 
UTStarcom, Inc. (a)
 
164,800
 
   
253,207
 
Consumer Discretionary - 28.3%
 
4,800
 
Office Depot, Inc. (a)
 
25,920
 
 
1,500
 
Ryanair Holdings PLC, ADR (a)
 
46,140
 
 
3,000
 
Sears Holdings Corp. (a)
 
221,250
 
   
293,310
 
Consumer Staples - 5.0%
 
4,310
 
Alliance One International, Inc. (a)
 
18,274
 
 
4,200
 
MannKind Corp. (a)(b)
 
33,852
 
   
52,126
 
Energy - 2.8%
 
4,000
 
SandRidge Energy, Inc. (a)
 
29,280
 
       
Financials - 4.1%
 
5,200
 
Asta Funding, Inc.
 
42,120
 
       
Information Technology - 7.4%
 
5,700
 
Dell, Inc. (a)
 
77,235
 
       
Total Common Stock (Cost $686,418)
 
747,278
 
 
Warrants - 11.1%
 
6,000
 
Bank of America Corp. (a)
 
42,840
 
 
3,100
 
JPMorgan Chase & Co. (a)
 
44,795
 
 
2,500
 
Wells Fargo & Co. (a)
 
27,775
 
       
Total Warrants (Cost $102,865)
 
115,410
 

Total Investments - 83.1% (Cost $789,283)*
$
        862,688
 
 
Contracts
 
Security
Description
   
Strike
Price
 
Exp.
Date
 
Value

Call Options Written - (0.5)%
(42)
 
MannKind Corp.
   
$   10.00
 
02/11
 
(4,662
)

Total Call Options Written – (0.5)%
(Premiums Received $(4,873))
$
(4,662
)     
 
Other Assets & Liabilities, Net – 17.4%
 
180,569
 
Net Assets – 100.0%
$
     1,038,595
 
 
ADR
American Depository Receipt
PLC
Public Limited Company

(a)
Non-income producing security.
(b)
Subject to call option written by the Fund.
 
 
 
 
* Cost of investments for federal income tax purposes is $784,410 and net unrealized appreciation on investments consists of:
 
Gross Unrealized Appreciation
 
$
77,010
 
Gross Unrealized Depreciation
   
(3,394
)
Net Unrealized Appreciation
 
$
73,616
 
 
The inputs or methodology used for valuing securities are not necessarily an indication of the risk associated with investing in those securities. For more information on valuation inputs, and their aggregation into the levels used in the tables below, please refer to Note 2- Security Valuation section in the accompanying Notes to Financial Statements.
 
The following is a summary of the inputs used to value the Fund’s investments as of December 31, 2010.
 
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Investments At Value:
                             
Investments in Securities
$
862,688
   
$
-
   
$
-
   
$
862,688
 
Other Financial Instruments**
 
(4,662
)
   
-
     
-
     
(4,662
)
Total Investments at Value
$
858,026
   
$
-
   
$
-
   
$
858,026
 
 
The Level 1 inputs displayed in this table are Common Stock, Warrants and Call Options Written.  Refer to the Schedule of Investments for a further breakout of each security type.
 
 
** Other Financial Instruments are derivative instruments not reflected in the Total Investments in Securities, such as written options, which are valued at their market value at period end date.
 
See Notes to Financial Statements.   7  

 
 
 
 

CHOU EQUITY OPPORTUNITY FUND
SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2010 
 
PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS
   
% of Total Investments
   
Communications
29.4
%
Consumer Discretionary
34.0
%
Consumer Staples
6.0
%
Energy
3.4
%
Financials
4.9
%
Information Technology
8.9
%
Warrants
13.4
%
 
100.0
%
 
See Notes to Financial Statements.   8  

 
 
 
 

CHOU INCOME OPPORTUNITY FUND
SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2010 
 
 
Shares
 
Security
Description
 
Value
 

Equity Securities - 10.6%
Common Stock - 10.6%
Materials - 10.6%
 
3,429
 
AbitibiBowater, Inc. (a)
$
         81,164
 
       


Total Common Stock (Cost $54,140)
 
81,164
 

Total Equity Securities (Cost $54,140)
 
81,164
 
 
 
Principal
 
Security
Description
 
Rate
 
Maturity
 
Value
 

Fixed Income Securities - 85.2%
 
Corporate Convertible Bonds - 29.2%
 
Communications - 4.2%
 
 
$
         30,000
 
Level 3 Communications, Inc.
 
6.50
%
10/01/16
   
32,513
 

Consumer Staples - 3.2%
 
37,000
 
MannKind Corp.
 
3.75
 
12/15/13
 
24,235
 

Financials - 21.8%
 
300,000
 
CompuCredit Holdings Corp.
 
   5.88
 
11/30/35
 
166,875
 
 
Total Corporate Convertible Bonds (Cost $176,257)
 
223,623
 

Corporate Non-Convertible Bonds - 16.8%
Communications - 3.6%
 
40,000
 
Dex One Corp.
 
12.00
 
01/29/17
 
27,500
 
     
Materials - 13.2%
 
 
267,000
 
Abitibi Consolidated, Inc. (Escrow Shares) (b)
 
0.00
 
12/23/49
 
          4,005
 
 
170,000
 
Abitibi Consolidated, Inc. (Escrow Shares) (b)
 
0.00
 
12/23/49
 
2,550
 
 
100,000
 
Catalyst Paper Corp. (c)
 
11.00
 
12/15/16
 
94,750
 
 
101,305
 
Total Corporate Non-Convertible Bonds
(Cost $108,359)
 
128,805
 

U.S. Government & Agency Obligations - 39.2%
U.S. Treasury Securities - 39.2%
 
300,000
 
U.S. Treasury Bill (d)
 
0.00
 
01/20/11
 
299,991
 
       
Total U.S. Government & Agency Obligations
(Cost $299,991)
 
299,991
 

Total Fixed Income Securities (Cost $584,607)
 
652,419
 

Total Investments - 95.8% (Cost $638,747)*
$
        733,583
 
 
Other Assets & Liabilities, Net – 4.2%
 
32,428
 
Net Assets – 100.0%
$
       766,011
 
 
(a)
Non-income producing security.  Shares received as a result of company bankruptcy.
(b)
Security fair valued in accordance with procedures adopted by the Board of Trustees. At the period end, the value of these securities amounted to $6,555 or 0.8% of net assets.
(c)
Security exempt from registration under Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933. At the period end, the value of this security amounted to $94,750 or 12.4% of net assets.
 (d)
Rate presented is yield to maturity.
 
 
 
 
* Cost of investments for federal income tax purposes is $644,851 and net unrealized appreciation on investments consists of:
 
Gross Unrealized Appreciation
 
$
92,326
 
Gross Unrealized Depreciation
   
(3,594
)
Net Unrealized Appreciation
 
$
88,732
 
 
The inputs or methodology used for valuing securities are not necessarily an indication of the risk associated with investing in those securities. For more information on valuation inputs, and their aggregation into the levels used in the tables below, please refer to Note 2- Security Valuation section in the accompanying Notes to Financial Statements.
 
The following is a summary of the inputs used to value the Fund’s investments as of December 31, 2010.
 
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Common Stock
$
81,164
   
$
-
   
$
-
   
$
81,164
 
Corporate Convertible Bonds
 
-
     
223,623
     
-
     
223,623
 
Corporate Non-Convertible Bonds
 
-
     
122,250
     
6,555
     
128,805
 
U.S. Treasury Bill
 
-
     
299,991
     
-
     
299,991
 
TOTAL
$
81,164
   
$
645,864
   
$
6,555
   
$
733,583
 
 
See Notes to Financial Statements.   9  

 
 
 
 

CHOU INCOME OPPORTUNITY FUND
SCHEDULE OF INVESTMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2010 
 
The following is a reconciliation of Level 3 assets (at either the beginning or ending of the period) for which significant unobservable inputs were used to determine fair value.
 
   
Corporate Non-Convertible Bonds
 
         
Balance as of 07/01/10
 
$
-
 
Transfers into Level 3
   
6,555
 
Balance as of 12/31/10
 
$
6,555
 
 
PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS
   
% of Total Investments
   
Common Stock
11.1
%
Corporate Convertible Bonds
30.4
%
Corporate Non-Convertible Bonds
17.6
%
U.S. Treasury Securities
40.9
%
 
100.0
%

See Notes to Financial Statements.   10  

 
 
 
 

CHOU AMERICA MUTUAL FUNDS
STATEMENTS OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES
DECEMBER 31, 2010 
 
         
 CHOU EQUITY OPPORTUNITY FUND
     
 CHOU INCOME OPPORTUNITY FUND
 
ASSETS
               
 
Total investments, at value (Cost $789,283 and $638,747, respectively)
$
862,688
   
$
733,583
 
 
Cash
   
186,357
     
29,469
 
 
Receivables:
               
   
Dividends and interest
   
182
     
9,816
 
   
From investment adviser
   
6,921
     
6,936
 
 
Prepaid expenses
   
12,499
     
10,844
 
Total Assets
   
1,068,647
     
790,648
 
                     
LIABILITIES
               
 
Payables:
               
   
Call options written, at value (Premiums received $4,873 and $0, respectively)
   
4,662
     
-
 
 
Accrued Liabilities:
               
   
Fund service fees
   
5,944
     
5,637
 
   
Compliance services fees
   
1,050
     
950
 
   
Other expenses
   
18,396
     
18,050
 
Total Liabilities
   
30,052
     
24,637
 
                     
NET ASSETS
 
$
 1,038,595
   
$
 766,011
 
                     
COMPONENTS OF NET ASSETS
               
 
Paid-in capital
 
 $
903,830
   
$
676,165
 
 
Distributions in excess of net investment income
   
-
     
(4,990
)
 
Accumulated net realized gain
   
61,149
     
-
 
 
Net unrealized appreciation
   
73,616
     
94,836
 
NET ASSETS
 
$
1,038,595
   
$
766,011
 
SHARES OF BENEFICIAL INTEREST AT NO PAR VALUE (UNLIMITED SHARES AUTHORIZED)
   
85,149
     
66,031
 
NET ASSET VALUE, OFFERING AND REDEMPTION PRICE*  PER SHARE
 
$
12.20
   
$
11.60
 
                     
*
 
Shares redeemed or exchanged within 120 days of purchase are charged a 2.00% redemption fee.
         
 
See Notes to Financial Statements.   11  
 
 
 
 
 

CHOU AMERICA MUTUAL FUNDS
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010** 
 
         
 CHOU EQUITY OPPORTUNITY FUND
     
 CHOU INCOME OPPORTUNITY FUND
 
INVESTMENT INCOME
               
 
Dividend
 
$
104
   
$
-
 
 
Interest income
   
407
     
15,568
 
Total Investment Income
   
511
     
15,568
 
 
               
EXPENSES
               
 
Investment adviser fees
   
3,472
     
2,929
 
 
Fund service fees
   
38,696
     
38,097
 
 
Distribution fees:
               
 
Investor Class
   
868
     
732
 
 
Custodian fees
   
5,000
     
5,000
 
 
Registration fees
   
515
     
483
 
 
Audit fees
   
14,800
     
14,800
 
 
Legal fees
   
21,556
     
21,556
 
 
Trustees' fees and expenses
   
2,765
     
2,691
 
 
Compliance services fees
   
6,144
     
5,856
 
 
Miscellaneous expenses
   
5,399
     
5,611
 
Total Expenses
   
99,215
     
97,755
 
 
Fees waived and expenses reimbursed
   
(93,139
)
   
(93,362
)
Net Expenses
   
6,076
     
4,393
 
                     
NET INVESTMENT INCOME (LOSS)
   
(5,565
)
   
11,175
 
                     
NET REALIZED AND UNREALIZED GAIN (LOSS)
               
 
Net realized gain (loss) on:
               
 
Investments
   
68,049
     
-
 
 
Written options
   
(1,590
)
   
-
 
 
Net realized gain
   
66,459
     
-
 
 
Net change in unrealized appreciation on:
               
 
Investments
   
73,405
     
94,836
 
 
Written options
   
211
     
-
 
 
Net change in unrealized appreciation
   
73,616
     
94,836
 
NET REALIZED AND UNREALIZED GAIN
   
140,075
     
94,836
 
INCREASE IN NET ASSETS FROM OPERATIONS
 
$
 134,510
   
$
 106,011
 
                     

 
** Commenced operations on July 1, 2010.
 
See Notes to Financial Statements.   12  

 
 
 
 

CHOU AMERICA MUTUAL FUNDS
STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN NET ASSETS
 
 
       
CHOU EQUITY OPPORTUNITY FUND
 
CHOU INCOME OPPORTUNITY FUND
                                     
   
 
           
Shares
             
Shares
 
   
 
                               
BEGINNING NET ASSETS JULY 1, 2010
 
$
 500,001
           
$
 500,001
         
                                     
OPERATIONS
                               
 
Net investment income (loss)
   
(5,565
)
           
11,175
         
 
Net realized gain
   
66,459
             
-
         
 
Net change in unrealized appreciation
   
73,616
             
94,836
         
Increase in Net Assets Resulting from Operations
   
134,510
             
106,011
         
                                     
DISTRIBUTIONS TO SHAREHOLDERS FROM
                               
 
Net investment income
   
-
             
(16,420
)
       
                                     
CAPITAL SHARE TRANSACTIONS
                               
 
Sale of shares
   
404,099
     
35,150
     
159,999
     
14,615
 
 
Reinvestment of distributions
   
-
     
-
     
16,420
     
1,416
 
 
Redemption of shares
   
(15
)
   
(1
)
   
-
     
-
 
Increase in Net Assets from Capital Share Transactions
   
404,084
     
35,149
     
176,419
     
16,031
 
Increase in Net Assets
   
538,594
             
266,010
         
   
December 31, 2010
                               
NET ASSETS DECEMBER 31, 2010 (including line (a))
 
$
 1,038,595
           
$
 766,011
         
                                     
                                     
 
(a)
 
Distributions in excess of net investment income at December 31, 2010
 
$
-
           
$
(4,990
)
       
 
See Notes to Financial Statements.   13  
 
 
 
 
 

CHOU EQUITY OPPORTUNITY FUND
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
 
 
These financial highlights reflect selected data for a share outstanding throughout the period.
 
   
July 1, 2010 (a) through December 31, 2010
INVESTOR CLASS 
       
NET ASSET VALUE, Beginning of Period
$
  10.00
   
INVESTMENT OPERATIONS
       
Net investment loss (b)
 
 (0.09
)
 
Net realized and unrealized gain
 
2.29
   
Total from Investment Operations
 
 2.20
   
NET ASSET VALUE, End of Period
$
12.20
   
TOTAL RETURN
 
22.00
%(c)
RATIOS/SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
       
Net Assets at End of Period (000’s omitted)
 
$1,039
   
Ratios to Average Net Assets:
       
Net investment loss 
 
(1.60
)%(d)
Net expense 
 
1.75
%(d)
Gross Expense 
 
28.58
%(d)
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER RATE
 
33
%(c)
           
(a)
Commencement of operations.
(b)
Calculated based on average shares outstanding during the period.
(c)
Not annualized.
(d)
Annualized.

See Notes to Financial Statements.   14  

 
 
 
 

CHOU INCOME OPPORTUNITY FUND
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
 
 
 These financial highlights reflect selected data for a share outstanding throughout the period.
 
   
July 1, 2010 (a) through December 31, 2010
INVESTOR CLASS 
     
NET ASSET VALUE, Beginning of Period
$
10.00
 
INVESTMENT OPERATIONS
     
Net investment income (b)
 
 0.20
 
Net realized and unrealized gain
 
1.65
 
Total from Investment Operations
 
1.85
 
DISTRIBUTIONS TO SHAREHOLDERS FROM
     
Net investment income
 
 (0.25
)
NET ASSET VALUE, End of Period
$
11.60
 
TOTAL RETURN
 
18.54
%(c)
RATIOS/SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
     
Net Assets at End of Period (000’s omitted)
 
$766
 
Ratios to Average Net Assets:
     
Net investment income 
 
3.82
%(d)
Net expense 
 
1.50
%(d)
Gross Expense 
 
33.37
%(d)
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER RATE
 
0
%(c)
             
(a)
Commencement of operations.
 
(b)
Calculated based on average shares outstanding during the period.
 
(c)
Not annualized.
 
(d)
Annualized.
 
 
See Notes to Financial Statements.   15  
 
 
 
 
 

CHOU AMERICA MUTUAL FUNDS
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2010 
 
Note 1. Organization
 
The Chou Equity Opportunity Fund and Chou Income Opportunity Fund (individually, a “Fund” and, collectively the “Funds”) are non-diversified portfolios of Chou America Mutual Funds (the “Trust”). The Trust is a Delaware statutory trust that is registered as an open-end, management investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “Act”), as amended. Under its Trust Instrument, the Trust is authorized to issue an unlimited number of each Fund’s shares of beneficial interest without par value. Chou Equity Opportunity Fund’s investment objective is to seek long-term growth of capital. Chou Income Opportunity Fund’s investment objective is to provide capital appreciation and income production with capital preservation as a secondary objective.  The F unds commenced operations on July 1, 2010, with the sale of 50,000 shares of each Fund at $10 per share to Chou Associates Management Inc.
 
Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
 
These financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”), which requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of increase and decrease in net assets from operations during the fiscal period. Actual amounts could differ from those estimates. The following summarizes the significant accounting policies of each Fund:
 
Security Valuation – Exchange-traded securities and over-the-counter securities are valued using the last quoted sale or official closing price, provided by independent pricing services as of the close of trading on the market or exchange for which they are primarily traded, on each Fund business day. In the absence of a sale, such securities are valued at the mean of the last bid and ask price provided by independent pricing services. Non-exchange traded securities for which quotations are available are valued using the last quoted sales price, or in the absence of a sale at the mean of the last bid and ask prices provided by independent pricing services. Debt securities may be valued at prices supplied by a fund’s pricing agent based on broker or dealer supplied valu ations or matrix pricing, a method of valuing securities by reference to the value of other securities with similar characteristics such as rating, interest rate and maturity. Exchange-traded options for which there were no sales reported that day are generally valued at the mean of the last bid and asked prices. Options not traded on an exchange are generally valued at broker-dealer bid quotation. Short-term investments that mature in sixty days or less may be valued at amortized cost.
 
Each Fund values its investments at fair value pursuant to procedures adopted by the Trust's Board of Trustees (the "Board") if (1) market quotations are insufficient or not readily available or (2) the adviser believes that the values available are unreliable. Fair valuation is based on subjective factors and, as a result, the fair value price of an investment may differ from the security’s market price and may not be the price at which the asset may be sold. Fair valuation could result in a different NAV than a NAV determined by using market quotes.
 
Each Fund has a three-tier fair value hierarchy. The basis of the tiers is dependent upon the various “inputs” used to determine the value of each Fund’s investments. These inputs are summarized in the three broad levels listed below:
 
Level 1 — quoted prices in active markets for identical assets
 
Level 2 — other significant observable inputs (including quoted prices of similar securities, interest rates, prepayment speeds, credit risk, etc.)
 
Level 3 — significant unobservable inputs (including each Fund’s own assumptions in determining the fair value of investments)
 
The aggregate value by input level, as of December 31, 2010, for each Fund’s investments is included at the end of each Fund’s Schedule of Investments.
 
Security Transactions, Investment Income and Realized Gain and Loss – Investment transactions are accounted for on trade date. Dividend income is recorded on the ex-dividend date. Foreign dividend income is recorded on the ex-dividend date or as soon as possible after a fund determines the existence of a dividend declaration after exercising reasonable due diligence. Income and capital gains on some foreign securities may be subject to foreign withholding taxes, which are accrued as applicable. Interest income is recorded on an accrual basis. Premium and discount is amortized and accreted in accordance with GAAP. Identified cost of investments sold is used to determine the gain and loss for both financial statement and federal income tax purposes.
 
   16  

 
 
 
 

CHOU AMERICA MUTUAL FUNDS
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2010 
 
Written Options – When a fund writes an option, an amount equal to the premium received by the fund is recorded as a liability and is subsequently adjusted to the current value of the option written. Premiums received from writing options that expire unexercised are treated by the fund on the expiration date as realized gain from written options. The difference between the premium and the amount paid on effecting a closing purchase transaction, including brokerage commissions, is also treated as a realized gain, or if the premium is less than the amount paid for the closing purchase transaction, as a realized loss. If a call option is exercised, the premium is added to the proceeds from the sale of the underlying security or currency in determining whether the fund has reali zed a gain or loss. If a put option is exercised, the premium reduces the cost basis of the securities purchased by the fund. The fund, as writer of an option, bears the market risk of an unfavorable change in the price of the security underlying the written option. Written options are non-income producing securities.
 
The values of each individual written option outstanding as of December 31, 2010, are disclosed in the Chou Equity Opportunity Fund’s Schedule of Investments. The volume of open positions may vary on a daily basis as the Fund transacts written options in order to achieve the exposure desired by the adviser. The Fund entered into a total value of $12,339 on written options for the year ended December 31, 2010.
 
Transactions in options written during the year ended December 31, 2010, for Chou Equity Opportunity Fund were as follows:
 
   
Calls
   
Number of Contracts
 
Premiums
Options Outstanding, July 1, 2010
 
-
 
$
-
 
Options written
 
84
   
12,339
 
Options terminated in closing transactions
 
(42
)
 
(7,466
)
Options exercised
 
-
   
-
 
Options expired
 
-
   
-
 
Options Outstanding, December 31, 2010
 
42
 
$
4,873
 

 
Derivatives Transactions - The Chou Equity Opportunity Fund’s use of derivatives during the period ended December 31, 2010, was limited to written options. Following is a summary of how the derivatives are treated in the financial statements and their impact on the Chou Equity Opportunity Fund.
 
The location on the Statement of Assets and Liabilities of the Chou Equity Opportunity Fund’s derivative positions by type of exposure, all of which are not accounted for as hedging instruments, is as follows:
 
Contract Type/
Primary Risk Exposure
   
Location on Statement of Assets and Liabilities
 
Liability Derivatives
 
 
Equity Contracts
   
Call options written, at value
    $(4,662
)
             

Realized and unrealized gains and losses on derivatives contracts entered into during the period ended December 31, 2010, by the Chou Equity Opportunity Fund are recorded in the following locations in the Statement of Operations:
 
Contract Type/Primary Risk Exposure
 
Location of Gain or (Loss) on  Derivatives
 
Realized Gain (Loss) on Derivatives
 
Change in Unrealized Appreciation on Derivatives
 
                   
Equity Contracts
 
Realized gain (loss) – Written Options and Change in unrealized appreciation – Written Options
   
$(1,590
)
 
$211
 
                   
 
   17  
 
 
 
 
 

CHOU AMERICA MUTUAL FUNDS
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2010 

Distributions to Shareholders – Distributions to shareholders of net investment income, if any, are declared and paid at least semi-annually. Distributions to shareholders of net capital gains, if any, are declared and paid annually. Distributions are based on amounts calculated in accordance with applicable federal income tax regulations, which may differ from GAAP. These differences are due primarily to differing treatments of income and gain on various investment securities held by each Fund, timing differences and differing characterizations of distributions made by each Fund.
 
Federal Taxes – Each Fund intends to qualify each year as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code and distribute all of their taxable income to shareholders. In addition, by distributing in each calendar year substantially all their net investment income and capital gains, if any, the Funds will not be subject to a Federal excise tax. Therefore, no Federal income or excise tax provision is required.
 
As of  December 31, 2010, there are no uncertain tax positions that would require financial statement recognition, de-recognition, or disclosure. Each Fund’s federal tax returns filed in the period ended December 31, 2010, remain subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service.

Income and Expense Allocation – The Trust accounts separately for the assets, liabilities and operations of each of its investment portfolios. Expenses that are directly attributable to more than one investment portfolio are allocated among the respective investment portfolios in an equitable manner.
 
Redemption Fees – A shareholder who redeems or exchanges shares within 120 days of purchase will incur a redemption fee of 2.00% of the current net asset value of shares redeemed or exchanged, subject to certain limitations. The fee is charged for the benefit of the remaining shareholders and will be paid to each Fund to help offset transaction costs. The fee is accounted for as an addition to paid-in capital. Each Fund reserves the right to modify the terms of or terminate the fee at any time. There are limited exceptions to the imposition of the redemption fee.
 
Commitments and Contingencies – In the normal course of business, each Fund enters into contracts that provide general indemnifications by each Fund to the counterparty to the contract. Each Fund’s maximum exposure under these arrangements is dependent on future claims that may be made against each Fund and, therefore, cannot be estimated; however, based on experience, the risk of loss from such claims is considered remote.
 
Note 3. Advisory Fees, Servicing Fees and Other Transactions
 
Investment Adviser – Chou America Management Inc. (the “Adviser”), is the investment adviser to each Fund. Pursuant to an investment advisory agreement, the Adviser receives an advisory fee from each Fund at an annual rate of 1.00% of each Fund’s average daily net assets.
 
Distribution – Rafferty Capital Markets, LLC serves as each Fund’s distributor (the “Distributor”). The Funds have adopted a Distribution Plan (the “Plan”) in accordance with Rule 12b-1 of the Act. Under the Plan, the Funds pay the Distributor and/or any other entity as authorized by the Board a fee of up to 0.25% of the average daily net assets of each Fund. The Distributor is not affiliated with the Adviser or with Atlantic Fund Administration, LLC (d/b/a Atlantic Fund Services) (“Atlantic”) or their affiliates.
 
Other Service Providers – Atlantic provides fund accounting, fund administration, and transfer agency services to each Fund. Atlantic also provides certain shareholder report production, and EDGAR conversion and filing services. Pursuant to an Atlantic services agreement, each Fund pays Atlantic customary fees for its services. Atlantic provides a Principal Financial Officer, a Chief Compliance Officer, and an Anti-Money Laundering Officer to each Fund, as well as certain additional compliance support functions.
 
Trustees and Officers – The Trust pays each Trustee an annual retainer fee of $5,000 for service to the Trust.  Each Trustee is also reimbursed for all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with their duties as a Trustee, including travel and related expenses incurred in attending Board meetings.  No officers of the Funds are compensated by the Funds, but officers are reimbursed for travel and related expenses incurred in attending Board meetings.
 
   18  

 
 
 
 

CHOU AMERICA MUTUAL FUNDS
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2010 

Note 4. Expense Reimbursements and Fees Waived
 
The Adviser has contractually agreed to waive a portion of its fee and reimburse certain expenses to limit total annual operating expenses to 1.75% and 1.50% of the average daily net assets of the Chou Equity Opportunity Fund and Chou Income Opportunity Fund, respectively, through July 1, 2011 (excluding other expenses, taxes, leverage interest, acquire fund fees and expenses, dividends or interest on short positions, other interest expenses, brokerage commissions, and extraordinary expenses such as litigation). For the period ended December 31, 2010, fees waived and reimbursed were as follows:
 
   
Investment Adviser Fees Waived
 
Expenses Reimbursed by Investment Adviser
 
Total Fees Waived and Reimbursed
 
Chou Equity Opportunity Fund
$
3,472
$
89,667
$
93,139
 
Chou Income Opportunity Fund
 
2,929
 
90,433
 
93,362
 

Note 5. Security Transactions
 
The cost of purchases and proceeds from sales of investment securities (including maturities), other than short-term investments for the period ended December 31, 2010, were as follows:
 
   
Purchases
 
Sales
Chou Equity Opportunity Fund
 
$
862,733
 
$
141,498
Chou Income Opportunity Fund
   
336,715
   
-

 
Note 6. Federal Income Tax and Investment Transactions
 
Distributions during the fiscal years ended as noted were characterized for tax purposes as follows:
 
   
Ordinary Income
 
Chou Income Opportunity Fund
       
           2010
 
$
16,420
 

As of December 31, 2010, distributable earnings (accumulated losses) on a tax basis were as follows:
 
 
Undistributed Ordinary Income
 
Unrealized Appreciation
 
Total
     
Chou Equity Opportunity Fund
$
61,149
 
$
73,616
 
$
134,765
 
Chou Income Opportunity Fund
 
1,114
   
88,732
   
89,846
 

The difference between components of distributable earnings on a tax basis and the amounts reflected in the Statements of Assets and Liabilities are primarily due to non-deductible offering costs, accrued income on contingent payment debt instruments, net operating losses and the treatment of undistributed short-term gains as undistributed ordinary income for tax purposes.
 
 
   19  

 
 
 
 
 
CHOU AMERICA MUTUAL FUNDS
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2010 

On the Statement of Assets and Liabilities, as a result of permanent book to tax differences, certain amounts have been reclassified for the year ended December 31, 2010. The following reclassification was the result of non-deductible offering costs and net operating losses and has no impact on the net assets of each Fund.
 
 
Accumulated Net Investment Income (Loss)
 
Undistributed Net Realized Gain (Loss)
 
Paid-in-Capital
Chou Equity Opportunity Fund
$
5,565
 
$
(5,310)
 
$
(255)
Chou Income Opportunity Fund
 
255
   
-
   
(255)

 
Note 7. Recent Accounting Pronouncements
 
In January 2010, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2010-06 “Improving Disclosures about Fair Value Measurements.” ASU No. 2010-06 clarifies existing disclosure and requires additional disclosures regarding fair value measurements. Effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2010, and for interim periods within those fiscal years, entities will need to disclose information about purchases, sales, issuances and settlements of Level 3 securities on a gross basis, rather than as a net number as currently required. Management is currently evaluating the impact ASU No. 2010-06 will have on financial statement disclosures.
 
Note 8. Subsequent Events
 
Effective May 1, 2011, the Adviser agrees to waive its investment advisory fee and/or reimburse expenses as necessary to ensure that total annual operating expenses (excluding other expenses, taxes, leverage interest, acquired fund fees and expenses, dividends on interest on short positions, other interest expenses, brokerage commissions and extraordinary expenses such as litigation) for the Chou Equity Opportunity Fund do not exceed 1.50% through May 1, 2012.
 
Management has evaluated whether any other subsequent events occurring after the date of this report through the date these financial statements were issued and has determined that there were no such events.
 
   20  
 
 
 
 
 

 
To the Shareholders of Chou Equity Opportunity Fund and Chou Income Opportunity Fund
and Board of Trustees of Chou America Mutual Funds


We have audited the accompanying statements of assets and liabilities, including the schedules of investments, of Chou Equity Opportunity Fund and Chou Income Opportunity Fund, each a series of shares of beneficial interest of Chou America Mutual Funds (the "Funds"), as of December 31, 2010, and the related statements of operations, the statements of changes in net assets, and the financial highlights for the period July 1, 2010 (commencement of operations) through December 31, 2010.  These financial statements and financial highlights are the responsibility of the Funds’ management.  Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and financial highlights based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States).  Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements and financial highlights are free of material misstatement.  An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements.  Our procedures included confirmation of securities owned as of December 31, 2010 by correspondence with the custodian and brokers.  An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.  We believe that our audits provide a reasonable ba sis for our opinion.
 

In our opinion, the financial statements and financial highlights referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Chou Equity Opportunity Fund and Chou Income Opportunity Fund as of December 31, 2010, the results of their operations, the changes in their net assets, and their financial highlights for period July 1, 2010 through December 31, 2010, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

 

BBD, LLP
 
 
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
February 24, 2011
 
 
   21  

 
 
 
 

CHOU AMERICA MUTUAL FUNDS
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (Unaudited)
DECEMBER 31, 2010 
 
Investment Advisory Agreement Approval

Provided below is a summary of certain of the factors the Board considered at its May 26, 2010 Board meeting in approving the Advisory Agreement between the Adviser and the Trust, on behalf of the Funds. The Board did not identify any particular information that was most relevant to its consideration to approve the Advisory Agreement and each Trustee may have afforded different weight to the various factors. The Board noted that the Funds had not yet commenced operations. Accordingly, the Board considered primarily the services to be provided by the Adviser, the management fee rates to be paid to the Adviser and the Funds’ estimated expenses.

Nature, Extent and Quality of Services Provided.

The Board considered the nature, extent and quality of the services to be provided under the Advisory Agreement by the Adviser. The Board also noted that the Adviser does not have any clients other than the Funds. However, the Board also noted that Francis Chou, the Funds’ portfolio manager, manages Canadian mutual funds with investment strategies similar to those of the Funds through a Canadian adviser. In this connection, the Board considered that the Funds were the first U.S. registered mutual funds managed by Mr. Chou. The Board considered the Adviser’s representation that it has the financial resources and appropriate staffing to manage the Funds and to meet its expense reimbursement obligations. Based on these and other considerations, the Board determined that, in the exercise of its business judgment, the nature, ex tent and quality of the services to be provided by the Adviser to the Funds under the Advisory Agreement were fair and reasonable.

Costs of Services Provided to the Funds and Profits Realized.

The Board considered the fees to be paid to the Adviser on an annual basis, including contractual fee waivers. The Board noted that the advisory fees that will be paid by each Fund are higher than the advisory fees paid by the mutual funds in each Fund’s peer group. The Board considered that the Adviser agreed to limit the total expenses for the 2010 fiscal year for the Funds via contractual fee waivers and/or expense limitations. Because the Funds had not commenced operations as of May 26, 2010, they did not have any prior performance history. However, the Board considered the performance history of the Canadian mutual funds advised by Mr. Chou. The Board also considered the pro forma financial information reflecting the Adviser’s projected profitability. Based on these considerations, the Board determined that, in the exe rcise of its business judgment, the costs of the services to be provided and the profits to be realized under the Advisory Agreement were fair and reasonable.

Other Benefits.

The Board considered the Adviser’s representation that it did not believe that its relationship with the Funds would provide any other benefits. Based on these and other considerations, the Board determined that, in the exercise of its business judgment, any benefits to the Adviser would be fair and reasonable.

Conclusion.

Based on, but not limited to, the above considerations and determinations, the Board determined that the Advisory Agreement for the Funds was fair and reasonable in light of the services to be performed, fees, expenses and such other matters as the Board considered relevant in the exercise of its business judgment. On this basis, the Board unanimously voted in favor of the approval of the Advisory Agreement.

Proxy Voting Information
 
A description of the policies and procedures that each Fund uses to determine how to vote proxies relating to securities held in each Fund’s portfolio, is available, without charge and upon request, by calling (877) 682-6352 and on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.  Each Fund’s proxy voting record for the period of July 1, 2010 (commencement of operations) through June 30, 2011, will be available, without charge and upon request, by calling (877) 682-6352 and on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
 
Availability of Quarterly Portfolio Schedules
 
Each Fund files its complete schedule of portfolio holdings with the SEC for the first and third quarters of each fiscal year on Form N-Q.  Each Fund’s Forms N-Q are available, without charge and upon request on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov or may be reviewed and copied at the SEC’s Public Reference Room in Washington, DC.  Information on the operation of the Public
 
   22  
 
 
 
 
 
 
CHOU AMERICA MUTUAL FUNDS
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (Unaudited)
DECEMBER 31, 2010 
 
Reference Room may be obtained by calling 1-800-SEC-0330.
 
Shareholder Expense Example
 
As a shareholder of the Funds, you incur two types of costs: (1) transaction costs, including redemption fees, and (2) ongoing costs, including management fees, distribution (12b-1) fees and other Fund expenses.  This example is intended to help you understand your ongoing costs (in dollars) of investing in the Funds, and to compare these costs with the ongoing costs of investing in other mutual funds.
 
The example is based on an investment of $1,000 invested at the beginning of the period and held for the entire period from July 1, 2010, through December 31, 2010.
 
Actual Expenses – The first line in the table below provides information about actual account values and actual expenses.  You may use the information in this line, together with the amount you invested, to estimate the expenses that you paid over the period.  Simply divide your account value by $1,000 (for example, an $8,600 account value divided by $1,000 = 8.6), then multiply the result by the number in the first line under the heading entitled “Expenses Paid During Period” to estimate the expenses you paid on your account during the period.
 
Hypothetical Example for Comparison Purposes – The second line of the table below provides information about hypothetical account values and hypothetical expenses based on each Fund’s actual expense ratio and an assumed rate of return of 5% per year before expenses, which is not each Fund’s actual return.  The hypothetical account values and expenses may not be used to estimate the actual ending balance or expenses you paid for the period.  You may use this information to compare the ongoing cost of investing in each Fund and other funds.  To do so, compare this 5% hypothetical example with the 5% hypothetical examples that appear in the shareholder reports of other funds.
 
Please note that expenses shown in the table are meant to highlight your ongoing costs only and do not reflect any transactional costs, such as redemption fees.  Therefore, the second line of the table is useful in comparing ongoing costs only, and will not help you determine the relative total costs of owning different funds.  In addition, if these transactional costs had been included, your costs would have been higher.
 
 
Beginning Account Value
July 1, 2010
 
Ending Account Value
December 31, 2010
 
Expenses Paid During Period *
 
Annualized Expense Ratio *
Chou Equity Opportunity Fund
                     
Actual
$
1,000.00
 
$
1,220.00
 
$
9.74
   
1.75%
Hypothetical
(5% return before expenses)
$
1,000.00
 
$
1,016.38
 
$
8.89
   
1.75%
Chou Income Opportunity Fund
                     
Actual
$
1,000.00
 
$
1,185.42
 
$
8.22
   
1.50%
Hypothetical
(5% return before expenses)
$
1,000.00
 
$
1,017.64
 
$
7.63
   
1.50%
                       
* Expenses are equal to each Fund’s annualized expense ratio as indicated above multiplied by the average account value over the period, multiplied by the number of days in the most recent fiscal half-year divided by 365 to reflect the half-year period.
 
Federal Tax Status of Dividends Declared during the Tax Year
 
For federal income tax purposes, dividends from short-term capital gains are classified as ordinary income.
 
The Chou Income Opportunity Fund designates 39.12% as qualified interest income exempt from US tax for foreign shareholders (QII).
 
   23  
 
 
 
 
 
 
CHOU AMERICA MUTUAL FUNDS
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (Unaudited)
DECEMBER 31, 2010 
 
Trustees and Officers of the Trust
 
The Board is responsible for oversight of the management of the Trust’s business affairs and of the exercise of all the Trust’s powers except those reserved for the shareholders.  The following table provides information about each Board member and certain officers of the Trust.  Each Trustee and officer holds office until the person resigns, is removed, or is replaced.  Unless otherwise noted, the persons have held their principal occupations for more than five years.  The address for all Trustees and officers is Three Canal Plaza, Suite 600, Portland, Maine 04101, unless otherwise indicated.  Each Trustee oversees two portfolios in the Trust.  Each Fund’s Statement of Additional Information includes additional information about the Trustees and is available , without charge and upon request, by calling (877) 682-6352.
 
Name and Year of Birth
Position with the Trust
Length of Time Served
Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years
Independent Trustees
     
Lily Pinarello
Born: 1953
Trustee
Since 2010
Retired since 1999.
David McLean
Born: 1966
Trustee
Since 2010
Managing Director, McLean Asset Management, Ltd. And MAMGMT Fund Services Ltd., since 1998.
Interested Trustee
     
Francis S.M. Chou
Born: 1956
Trustee
Since 2010
Chief Executive Officer, Chou America Management Inc., since 2010; Chief Executive Officer, Chou Associates Management, Inc., since 1986; Senior Vice President, Fairfax Financial Holdings, 1996-2007.
Officers
     
Francis S.M. Chou
Born: 1956
President and Principal Executive Officer
Since 2010
Chief Executive Officer, Chou America Management Inc., since 2010; Chief Executive Officer, Chou Associates Management, Inc., since 1986; Senior Vice President, Fairfax Financial Holdings, 1996-2007.
Michael J. McKeen
Born: 1971
Treasurer and Principal Financial Officer
Since 2010
Senior Manager, Atlantic since 2008; Vice President, Citigroup Fund Services, LLC (“Citigroup”) 2003-2008.
Megan Hadley Koehler
Born: 1978
Secretary
Since 2010
Associate Counsel, Atlantic, since 2008; Assistant Vice President, Citigroup, 2007-2008; Thurber & Associates (Title Service), 2006-2007; Student Attorney, Cumberland Legal Aid Clinic, 2006; Legal Intern, Maine Unemployment Insurance Commission, 2005-2006; Associate, LexisNexis, 2004-2005.
David Faherty
Born: 1970
Vice President
Since 2010
Senior Counsel, Atlantic since 2009; Vice President, Citi Fund Services Ohio, Inc. 2007-2009.; Associate Counsel, Investors Bank & Trust Co. 2006-2007.
Joshua LaPan
Born: 1973
Vice President
Since 2010
Manager, Atlantic since 2008; Vice President, Citigroup 2003-2008.
Timothy Bowden
Born: 1969
Vice President
Since 2010
Manager, Atlantic since 2008; Vice President, Citigroup 2005-2008.
 
   24  
 
 
 
 
 

 
 

 
FOR MORE INFORMATION:
P.O. Box 588
Portland, ME  04112
(877)-682-6352

INVESTMENT ADVISER
Chou America Management Inc.
110 Sheppard Ave. East
Suite 301, Box 18
Toronto, Ontario, Canada M2N 6Y8

TRANSFER AGENT
Atlantic Fund Services
P.O. Box 588
Portland, ME 04112

DISTRIBUTOR
Rafferty Capital Markets, LLC
59 Hilton Avenue
Garden City, NY 11530
www.raffcap.com

This report is submitted for the general information of the shareholders of the Funds. It is not authorized for
distribution to prospective investors unless preceded or accompanied by an effective prospectus, which includes information regarding the Funds’ risks, objectives, fees and expenses, experience of its management, and other information.

243-ANR-1210

 
 
 
 
 
ITEM 2. CODE OF ETHICS.

(a)
As of the end of the period covered by this report, Chou America Mutual Funds (the “Registrant”) has adopted a code of ethics, which applies to its Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer.

(c)
There have been no amendments to the Registrant’s code of ethics that apply to its Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer.

(d)
There have been no waivers to the Registrant’s code of ethics that apply to its Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer.

(e) 
Not applicable.
 
(f) (1)  A copy of the Code of Ethics is being filed under Item 12(a) hereto.
 
 
ITEM 3. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT.
The Board of Trustees has not yet determined that it has at least one audit committee financial expert serving on its Audit Committee or that no member of the Audit Committee is an "audit committee financial expert" as that term is defined under applicable regulatory guidelines.

 
ITEM 4. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES.
(a) Audit Fees - The aggregate fees billed for the period (the “Reporting Period”) for professional services rendered by the Registrant’s principal accountant for the audit of the Registrant’s annual financial statements, or services that are normally provided by the principal accountant in connection with the statutory and regulatory filings or engagements for the Reporting Period, were $24,800 in 2010.

(b) Audit-Related Fees – The aggregate fees billed in the Reporting Period for assurance and related services rendered by the principal accountant that were reasonably related to the performance of the audit of the Registrant’s financial statements and are not reported under paragraph (a) of this Item 4 were $0 in 2010.

(c) Tax Fees - The aggregate fees billed in the Reporting Period for professional services rendered by the principal accountant to the Registrant for tax compliance, tax advice and tax planning were $4,800 in 2010.  These services consisted of review or preparation of U.S. federal, state, local and excise tax returns.

(d) All Other Fees - The aggregate fees billed in the Reporting Period for products and services provided by the principal accountant to the Registrant, other than the services reported in paragraphs  (a) through (c) of this Item, were $0 in 2010.

(e) (1) The Audit Committee reviews and approves in advance all audit and “permissible non-audit services” (as that term is defined by the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission) to be rendered to a series of the Registrant (each, a “Series”).  In addition, the Audit Committee reviews and approves in advance all “permissible non-audit services” to be provided to an investment adviser (not including any sub-adviser) of a Series, or an affiliate of such investment adviser, that is controlling, controlled by or under common control with the investment adviser and provides on-going services to the Registrant (“Affiliate”), by the Series’ principal accountant if the engagement relates directly to the operations and financial reporting of the Series. & #160;The Audit Committee considers whether fees paid by a Series’ investment adviser or an Affiliate to the Series’ principal accountant for audit and permissible non-audit services are consistent with the principal accountant’s independence.

(e) (2) 0%

(f) Not applicable

(g) The aggregate non-audit fees billed by the principal accountant for services rendered to the Registrant for the Reporting Period were $0 in 2010.  There were no fees billed in either of the Reporting Period for non-audit services rendered by the principal accountant to the Registrant’s investment adviser or any Affiliate.

(h) During the Reporting Period, the Registrant’s principal accountant provided no non-audit services to the investment adviser or any entity controlling, controlled by or under common control with the investment adviser to the series of the Registrant.


ITEM 5. AUDIT COMMITTEE OF LISTED REGISTRANTS.
Not applicable

ITEM 6. INVESTMENTS.

(a)  
Included as part of report to shareholders under Item 1.

(b)  
Not applicable.


ITEM 7. DISCLOSURE OF PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES FOR CLOSED-END
MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT COMPANIES.
Not applicable.

 
ITEM 8.  PORTFOLIO MANAGERS OF CLOSED-END MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT COMPANIES.
Not applicable.


ITEM 9. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY CLOSED-END MANAGEMENT INVESTMENT COMPANY AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS.
Not applicable.


ITEM 10. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
The Registrant does not accept nominees to the board of trustees from shareholders.


ITEM 11. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
(a) The Registrant’s Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer have concluded that the Registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 30a-3(c) under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “Act”)) are effective, based on their evaluation of the controls and procedures required by Rule 30a-3(b) under the Act and Rules 13a-15(b) or 15d-15(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as of a date within 90 days of the filing date of this report.
 
 (b) There were no changes in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in
Rule 30a-3(d) under the Act) that occurred during the second fiscal quarter of the period covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

 
ITEM 12. EXHIBITS.

(a)(1)  Code of Ethics (Exhibit filed herewith).

(a)(2) Certifications pursuant to Rule 30a-2(a) of the Act, and Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. (Exhibits filed herewith)

(a)(3)  Not applicable.

(b)      Certifications pursuant to Rule 30a-2(b) of the Act, and Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. (Exhibit filed herewith)
 
 

 
 
 
 


SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Registrant                      Chou America Mutual Funds



       
 
By
/s/ Francis S.M. Chou
 
   
Francis S.M. Chou, Principal Executive Officer
 
       
 
Date
February 24, 2011
 
       

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

       
 
By
/s/ Francis S.M. Chou
 
   
Francis S.M. Chou, Principal Executive Officer
 
       
 
Date
February 24, 2011
 
       

       
 
By
/s/ Michael J. McKeen
 
   
Michael J. McKeen, Principal Financial Officer
 
       
 
Date
February 24, 2011
 
       


EX-99.CERT 2 dex99cert.htm dex99cert.htm
Exhibit 1A
Chou America Mutual Funds

I, Francis S.M. Chou, certify that:

1.      I have reviewed this report on Form N-CSR of Chou America Mutual Funds (Chou Equity Opportunity Fund and Chou Income Opportunity Fund);

2.      Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.   Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations, and changes in net assets of the Registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.      The Registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 30a-3(c) under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “Act”)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 30a-3(d) under the Act ) for the Registrant and have:

(a)      Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)      Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)      Evaluated the effectiveness of the Registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of a date within 90 days prior to the filing date of this report, based on such evaluation; and

(d)      Disclosed in this report any change in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the second fiscal quarter of the period covered by this report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.      The Registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed to the Registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the Registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)      All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize, and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
           
 
Date
February 24, 2011
  /s/Francis S.M. Chou  
       
Francis S.M. Chou
 
       
Principal Executive Officer
 
         

 
 
 
 

Exhibit 1A
Chou America Mutual Funds

I, Michael J. McKeen, certify that:

1.      I have reviewed this report on Form N-CSR of Chou America Mutual Funds (Chou Equity Opportunity Fund and Chou Income Opportunity Fund);

2.      Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.   Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations, and changes in net assets of the Registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.      The Registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 30a-3(c) under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “Act”)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 30a-3(d) under the Act ) for the Registrant and have:

(a)      Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)      Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)      Evaluated the effectiveness of the Registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of a date within 90 days prior to the filing date of this report, based on such evaluation; and

(d)      Disclosed in this report any change in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the second fiscal quarter of the period covered by this report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.      The Registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed to the Registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the Registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)      All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize, and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

 
           
 
Date
February 24, 2011
  /s/Michael J. McKeen   
       
Michael J. McKeen
 
       
Principal Financial Officer
 
           

 
 
 
 

EX-99.906 CERT 3 dex99906cert.htm dex99906cert.htm

Exhibit 2

Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (subsections (a) and (b) of section 1350, chapter 63 of title 18, United States Code)

In connection with the attached Report of the Chou America Mutual Funds (the “Trust”) on Form N-CSR to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Report”), each of the undersigned officers of the Trust does hereby certify that, to the best of such officer’s knowledge:

1.  
The Report containing the financial statements fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2.  
The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Trust as of, and for, the periods presented in the Report.


       
 
Dated:
February 24, 2011
 
       
   
/s/ Francis S.M. Chou
 
   
Francis S.M. Chou, Principal Executive Officer
 
       
 
Dated:
February 24, 2011
 
       
   
/s/ Michael J. McKeen
 
   
Michael J. McKeen, Principal Financial Officer
 
       

 
A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Trust and will be retained by the Trust and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.



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M&Y?C-\-]4^,WBK]FC4=5_9G^(/A/PU976J^)M.^''P"\7'X1^&O`?Q#9O`7PJN+V'Q3>>,-4^*WQ%T;PSX@N=2F/%AJDYX#$8JO3G2G3Q>"E&DU>L ML%CLIX5QE2G&A3%_#7C30=3\+>,?#NA>+/#&MVQLM9\.>)M)L-=T' M5[-F5VM-3TC5+>ZT^_MF=$VG,TY6ZN*:BWW<5)I M7V3=MV&]KZ\O-;RYN7FMVYN2'-;?EC>_*K34444`%%%%`!1110`4444`%%%% (`!1110!__]D_ ` end EX-99.P CODE ETH 8 dex99codeeth.htm dex99codeeth.htm

CHOU AMERICA MUTUAL FUNDS
 

 
SARBANES-OXLEY CODE OF ETHICS 
 
FOR THE PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND
 
PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER
 
 Introduction
 
Chou America Mutual Funds (the “Trust”) expect all of the officers to maintain high ethical standards of conduct and to comply with applicable laws and governmental regulations.  Officers include, without limitation, the Trust’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer (the principal executive officer and principal financial officer of the Trust are collectively referred to herein as the “Senior Financial Officers”).  In this regard, the Trust requires all of its officers, including the Senior Financial Officers, to adhere to such other rules, codes and guidelines as the Trust may adopt from time to time, including, without limitation, codes of ethics adopted pursuant to Rule 17j-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (collectively, the “Trust Guidelines 221;).
 
To deter wrongdoing and to promote honest and ethical conduct, compliance with applicable laws and regulations, avoidance of conflicts of interest and full, fair, accurate, timely and understandable disclosure in the Trust’s public filings and communications, the Trust has approved this Sarbanes-Oxley Code of Ethics to codify certain standards to which the Senior Financial Officers will be held accountable and certain specific duties and responsibilities applicable to the Senior Financial Officers.  As the professional and ethical conduct of the Senior Financial Officers is essential to the proper conduct and success of the Trust’s business, the Senior Financial Officers must adhere to the standards, duties and responsibilities set forth in this Sarbanes-Oxley Code of Ethics in addition to adhering to the Trust G uidelines.  To the fullest extent possible, the Trust Guidelines and this Sarbanes-Oxley Code of Ethics should be read to supplement one another.  If there is a conflict between the Trust Guidelines and this Sarbanes-Oxley Code of Ethics, then this Sarbanes-Oxley Code of Ethics will control.
 
Code of Ethics
 
 General Standards
 
The Trust and the Trust’s Board of Trustees will hold each Senior Financial Officer accountable for adhering to and advocating the following standards to the best of his or her knowledge and ability:
 
A.  
Act in an honest and ethical manner, including in connection with the handling and avoidance of actual or apparent conflicts of interest between personal and professional relationships;
 
B.  
Comply with all applicable laws, rules and regulations of federal, state and local governments (both United States and foreign) and other applicable regulatory agencies (collectively, the “Laws”);
 
C.  
Proactively promote full, fair, accurate, timely and understandable disclosure in reports and documents that the Trust files with, or submits to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and in other public communications the Trust makes; and
 
D.  
Proactively promote ethical and honest behavior within the Trust, including, without limitation, the prompt reporting of violations of, and being accountable for adherence to, this Sarbanes-Oxley Code of Ethics.
 
 Specific Duties and Responsibilities
 
In adhering to and advocating the standards set forth above, each Senior Financial Officer shall fulfill the following duties and responsibilities to the best of his or her knowledge and ability:
 
1.  
Each Senior Financial Officer shall handle all conflicts of interest between his or her personal and professional relationships in an ethical and honest manner, and shall disclose in advance to the Audit & Compliance Committee of the Trust’s Board of Trustees (“Audit & Compliance Committee”) the relevant details of any transaction or relationship that reasonably could be expected to give rise to an actual or apparent conflict of interest between the Trust and such Senior Financial Officer.  The Audit & Compliance Committee shall thereafter take such action with respect to the conflict of interest as it shall deem appropriate.  It is the general policy of the Trust that conflicts of interest should be avoided whenever practicable.  For purposes of this Sarbanes-Oxley Code of Ethics, a “c onflict of interest” will be deemed to be present when an individual’s private interest interferes in any way, or even appears to interfere, with the interests of the Trust as a whole.
 
2.  
Each Senior Financial Officer will use his or her best efforts to ensure the timely and understandable disclosure of information that, in all material respects, is accurate, complete, objective and relevant in all reports and documents the Trust files with, or submits to, the SEC or in other public communications that the Trust makes.  As part of this undertaking, each Senior Financial Officer will periodically consider the adequacy and effectiveness of the Trust’s “internal controls” and “disclosure controls and procedures” (as such terms are defined or used in rules proposed or adopted by the SEC).
 
3.  
Each Senior Financial Officer will use his or her best efforts to ensure compliance in all material respects by such Senior Financial Officer and the Trust with all applicable Laws.
 
4.  
Each Senior Financial Officer shall respect the confidentiality of information acquired in the course of his or her work and shall not disclose such information, except when the Senior Financial Officer believes he or she is authorized or legally obligated to disclose the information.  No Senior Financial Officer may use confidential information acquired in the course of his or her work for his or her personal advantage.
 
5.  
No Senior Financial Officer may take or direct or allow any other person to take or direct any action to fraudulently influence, coerce, manipulate or mislead the Trust’s independent auditing firm.
 
6.  
No Senior Financial Officer may engage the Trust’s auditing firm to perform audit or non-audit services without the Audit & Compliance Committee’s (or its designee’s) preapproval in accordance with the Audit & Compliance Committee’s charter.
 
 Reporting Violations
 
If any person believes that a Senior Financial Officer has violated this Sarbanes-Oxley Code of Ethics or the Trust has or is about to violate a Law, or a Senior Financial Officer believes that he or she is being asked to violate this Sarbanes-Oxley Code of Ethics or any Law in the performance of his or her duties for the Trust, then the matter should be promptly reported to the Audit & Compliance Committee.  The Audit & Compliance Committee will take appropriate steps to maintain the confidentiality of the reporting person’s identity, to the extent consistent with the Trust’s obligations to investigate and remedy the matter and, if appropriate, to report the matter to government officials.  Persons may report violations of this Sarbanes-Oxley Code of Ethics on an anonymous basis.  No retribution will be taken against a person for reporting, in good faith, a violation or suspected violation of this Sarbanes-Oxley Code of Ethics.
 
 Interpretation and Enforcement
 
The Audit & Compliance Committee is responsible for overseeing the interpretation and enforcement of this Sarbanes-Oxley Code of Ethics.  When the Audit & Compliance Committee considers any matter relating to this Sarbanes-Oxley Code of Ethics, it shall act in executive session.
 
Each Senior Financial Officer will be held accountable for his or her adherence to this Sarbanes-Oxley Code of Ethics by the Trust’s Board of Trustees.  A Senior Financial Officer’s failure to adhere to this Sarbanes-Oxley Code of Ethics will be subject to appropriate disciplinary action, ranging from warnings to possible termination or removal.
 
Only the Audit & Compliance Committee may waive or amend this Sarbanes-Oxley Code of Ethics.  All waivers and amendments of this Sarbanes-Oxley Code of Ethics must be publicly disclosed in a manner that complies with the requirements of the SEC and other applicable Laws.
 
Adopted: July 1, 2010
 


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