Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have not been audited by the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, except that the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2017 is derived from audited financial statements. Certain reclassifications of prior year balances have been made to conform such amounts to current year classifications. These reclassifications have no impact on net income. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments necessary for the fair statement of the Company’s financial position, have been included. Management has made certain estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts in the condensed consolidated financial statements and disclosures of contingencies. Actual results may differ from those estimates. The results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of annual results.

These interim financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. Certain disclosures have been condensed or omitted from these financial statements. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for complete consolidated financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 (“2017 Annual Report”).

Consolidation

Consolidation. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company include the accounts of Oasis, the accounts of wholly-owned subsidiaries, and the accounts of OMP, which is considered a variable interest entity (“VIE”) for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation.

Consolidated VIE

Consolidated VIE. The Company has determined that the partners with equity at risk in OMP lack the authority, through voting rights or similar rights, to direct the activities that most significantly impact OMP’s economic performance. Therefore, as the limited partners of OMP do not have substantive kick-out or substantive participating rights over OMP GP LLC (“OMP GP”), the general partner to OMP, OMP is a VIE. Through the Company’s ownership interest in OMP GP, the Company has the authority to direct the activities that most significantly affect economic performance and the right to receive benefits that could be potentially significant to OMP. Therefore, the Company is considered the primary beneficiary and consolidates OMP and records a non-controlling interest for the interest owned by the public as of September 30, 2018.

Risks and Uncertainties

As an oil and natural gas producer, the Company’s revenue, profitability and future growth are substantially dependent upon the prevailing and future prices for oil and natural gas, which are dependent upon numerous factors beyond its control such as economic, political and regulatory developments and competition from other energy sources. The energy markets have historically been very volatile, and there can be no assurance that oil and natural gas prices will not be subject to wide fluctuations in the future. A substantial or extended decline in prices for oil and, to a lesser extent, natural gas could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, cash flows and quantities of oil and natural gas reserves that may be economically produced.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue recognition. In the first quarter of 2018, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASU 2014-09”). The objective of ASU 2014-09 is greater consistency and comparability across industries by using a five-step model to recognize revenue from customer contracts. ASU 2014-09 was applied on a modified retrospective basis. The adoption of ASU 2014-09 did not result in a material impact to the Company’s financial position, cash flows or results of operations. Enhanced disclosures in accordance with ASU 2014-09 have been provided in Note 3 – Revenue Recognition.

In May 2014, the FASB issued a new accounting standard related to revenue recognition, ASC 606 - Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”). This standard was effective in the first quarter of 2018 and the Company adopted the new standard using the modified retrospective method. The Company applied ASC 606 to all new contracts entered into after January 1, 2018 and all existing contracts for which all (or substantially all) of the revenue has not been recognized under legacy revenue guidance as of December 31, 2017. ASC 606 supersedes previous revenue recognition requirements in ASC 605 and includes a five-step revenue recognition model to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services.

In accordance with the adoption of ASC 606, management evaluated its contracts with customers to apply the five-step revenue recognition model. The adoption of ASC 606 did not result in a material impact to the Company’s financial position, cash flows or results of operations.

The unit of account in ASC 606 is a performance obligation, which is a promise in a contract to transfer to a customer either a distinct good or service (or bundle of goods or services) or a series of distinct goods or services provided over a period of time. ASC 606 requires that a contract’s transaction price, which is the amount of consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring promised goods or services to a customer, is to be allocated to each performance obligation in the contract based on relative standalone selling prices and recognized as revenue when (point in time) or as (over time) the performance obligation is satisfied.

Exploration and production revenues

Our exploration and production revenues are derived from contracts for oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids (“NGL”) sales, as described below. Generally, for the majority of these contracts: (i) each unit (barrel (“bbl”), mcf, gallon, etc.) of commodity product is a separate performance obligation, as our promise is to sell multiple distinct units of commodity product at a point in time; (ii) the transaction price principally consists of variable consideration, which amount is determinable each month end based on our right to invoice at month end for the value of commodity product sold to the customer that month; and (iii) the transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation based on the commodity product’s standalone selling price and recognized as revenue upon delivery of the commodity product, which is the point in time when the customer obtains control of the commodity product and our performance obligation is satisfied. The sales of oil, natural gas and NGLs as presented on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations represent the Company’s share of revenues net of royalties and excluding revenue interests owned by others. When selling oil, natural gas and NGLs on behalf of royalty owners or working interest owners, the Company is acting as an agent and thus reports the revenue on a net basis. To the extent actual volumes and prices of oil and natural gas sales are unavailable for a given reporting period because of timing or information not received from third parties, the expected sales volumes and prices for those properties are estimated and recorded. The Company’s contracts with customers typically require payments for oil, natural gas and NGL sales within 30 days following the calendar month of delivery.

Oil revenues. The Company sells a substantial majority of its oil through bulk sales at delivery points on crude oil gathering systems or directly at the wellhead to a variety of customers under short-term contracts that include a specified quantity of crude oil to be delivered and sold to the customer at a specified delivery point. The customer pays a market-based transaction price, which incorporates differentials that include, but are not limited to, transportation costs and adjustments for product quality.

Natural gas revenues. The Company’s natural gas sales consist of unprocessed gas sales and residue gas sales. Unprocessed gas is sold at delivery points at or near the wellhead under various contracts, in which the customer pays a transaction price based on its sale of the bifurcated NGLs and residue gas, less any associated fees. Revenue is recorded on a net basis, with processing fees deducted within revenue rather than as a separate expense line item, as title and control transfer at the delivery point. Residue gas is sold from the tailgate of the Company’s gas processing plant located in Wild Basin or transported and sold at other downstream sales points, and the customer pays a transaction price based on a market indexed per-unit rate for the quantities sold.

Purchased oil and gas sales. The Company purchases and sells crude oil and natural gas at various delivery points to a variety of customers under short-term contracts that include specified quantities of crude oil and natural gas to be sold and delivered to the customer at a specified delivery point. The Company purchases and sells crude oil and natural gas to different counterparties at market-based prices. Market-based pricing is based on the price index applicable for the location of the sale. The Company accounts for these transactions on a gross basis.

NGL revenues. NGLs are sold from the Company’s gas processing plant complex located in Wild Basin or trucked and sold at other downstream locations, and the customer pays a transaction price based on a market indexed per-unit rate for the quantities sold.

Prior period performance obligations. For sales of oil, purchased oil, natural gas, purchased gas and NGLs, the Company records revenue in the month production is delivered to the purchaser. However, settlement statements and payment may not be received for 30 to 90 days after the date production is delivered, and as a result, the Company is required to estimate the amount of production that was delivered to the purchaser and the price that will be received for the sale of the product. The Company records the differences between estimates and the actual amounts received for product sales once payment is received from the purchaser. Such differences have historically not been significant. The Company uses knowledge of its properties, its properties' historical performance, spot market prices and other factors as the basis for these estimates. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, revenue recognized related to performance obligations satisfied in prior reporting periods was not material.

Revenues associated with contracts with customers for oil, natural gas and NGL sales were as follows for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:



Exploration and Production Revenues
	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
	(In thousands)
Oil revenues	$	412,530	$	221,003	$	1,097,171	$	623,603
Purchased oil sales	42,902		20,734		114,598		56,269
Natural gas revenues	26,181		17,037		76,201		51,689
Purchased gas sales	1,616		462		2,161		648
NGL revenues	13,932		10,607		38,863		29,241
Total exploration and production revenues	$	497,161	$	269,843	$	1,328,994	$	761,450

Midstream revenues

Crude oil and natural gas revenues. The Company is party to certain contracts for gas gathering, compression, processing and gas lift services, as well as crude oil gathering, stabilization, blending, storage and transportation. Under these customer contracts, the Company provides daily integrated midstream services on a stand ready basis over a period of time, which represents a single performance obligation since the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits of these services on a daily basis. Satisfaction of the Company’s performance obligation is measured as each day of service is completed, which directly corresponds with its right to consideration from the customer. Revenues associated with these contracts are recognized based upon the transaction price at month-end under the right to invoice practical expedient. Payments from customers are generally received by the Company within one month after the month in which services are provided.

Purchased oil sales. The Company purchases and sells crude oil at various delivery points on crude oil gathering systems to a variety of customers under short-term contracts that include a specified quantity of crude oil to be sold and delivered to the customer at a specified delivery point. The Company purchases and sells the crude oil to different counterparties at market-based prices. Market-based pricing is based on the price index applicable for the location of the sale. The Company accounts for these transactions on a gross basis.

Water revenues. The Company is also party to certain contracts with customers for water services, which includes produced and flowback water gathering and disposal services and freshwater distribution services. Under its customer contracts for produced and flowback water gathering and disposal services, the Company provides daily integrated midstream services on a stand-ready basis over a period of time, which represents a single performance obligation since the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits of these services on a daily basis. Satisfaction of the Company’s performance obligation is measured as each day of service is completed, which directly corresponds with its right to consideration from the customer. Revenues associated with these contracts are recognized based upon the transaction price at month-end under the right to invoice practical expedient. Payments from customers are generally received by the Company within one month after the month in which services are provided.

Under its customer contracts for freshwater distribution services, the Company supplies and distributes freshwater to its customers for hydraulic fracturing and production optimization. Management has determined these contracts contain multiple distinct performance obligations since each freshwater barrel is not dependent nor highly interrelated with other barrels. Revenue associated with freshwater distribution services is recognized at a point-in-time based upon the transaction price when title, control and risk of loss transfers to the customer, which occurs at the delivery point. Payments are due from customers 30 days after receipt of invoice.

Revenues associated with contracts with customers for midstream services were as follows for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:



Midstream Revenues⁽¹⁾
	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
	(In thousands)
Crude oil and natural gas revenues	$	18,188	$	11,612	$	54,124	$	23,348
Purchased oil sales	1,838		—		5,212		—
Water revenues	12,999		7,155		34,327		25,591
Total midstream revenues	$	33,025	$	18,767	$	93,663	$	48,939

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(1)	Represents midstream revenues, excluding all intercompany revenues, for work performed by the midstream services business segment for the Company’s working interests that are eliminated in consolidation and are therefore not included in midstream services revenues.

Well services revenues

Hydraulic fracturing service revenues. Hydraulic fracturing revenue is recognized upon the completion of each hydraulic fracturing of a well. These services are composed of various components, such as personnel, equipment and hydraulic fracturing materials, but management determined that each component is not distinct, as it cannot be used on its own or together with a resource readily available to the customer. Revenue is recognized when the performance obligations of hydraulic fracturing a well in its totality are completed; generally, this is over a period of time due to all work being performed for a customer occurring on the customer’s property, where the customer has control over the work in process as it is being performed. In addition, the Company’s assets being used to perform the obligations have no alternative use at the time of performance and the Company has the right to payment for performance to date. Payments from customers are generally received by the Company within one month after the month in which services are provided. In addition, revenue from product sales to third parties is generated when OPNA requests that third-party hydraulic fracturing companies hydraulic fracture OPNA’s wells. Although the labor is provided by the third-party hydraulic fracturing company, the materials (e.g., sand, chemicals, etc.) used in the hydraulic fracturing of the wells are provided by OWS. The third-party hydraulic fracturing company or OPNA pays OWS for the materials delivered to the wells. Revenue is recognized once the performance obligations to transfer hydraulic fracturing materials are completed.

Equipment rental revenues. Equipment rental revenue is generated when OPNA or a third-party hydraulic fracturing company rents equipment from OWS. This equipment is used in the preparation stage of hydraulic fracturing services or after the hydraulic fracturing services have been completed. Equipment rental revenues are calculated based on the equipment’s daily rental rate and the number of days that the equipment was rented by the customer. OWS’s performance obligation is satisfied when the entire rental period is completed. Equipment rental revenues are recognized over a period of time due to the customer simultaneously receiving and consuming the benefits of the rental equipment provided by OWS on a daily basis. Satisfaction of the Company’s performance obligation is measured at the completion of each day’s rental period, which directly corresponds with its right to consideration from the customer. Revenues associated with these contracts are recognized at the time of invoicing for the entire rental period under the right to invoice practical expedient. Payments from customers are generally received by the Company within one month after the month in which services are provided.

Revenues associated with contracts with customers for hydraulic fracturing services and equipment rental sales were as follows for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:



Well Services Revenues⁽¹⁾
	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
	(In thousands)
Hydraulic fracturing service revenues	$	14,985	$	15,090	$	42,801	$	31,303
Equipment rental revenues	1,277		1,048		3,543		2,263
Total well services revenues	$	16,262	$	16,138	$	46,344	$	33,566

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(1)	Represents well services revenues excluding all intercompany revenues for work performed by the well services business segment for the Company’s working interests that are eliminated in consolidation and are therefore not included in well services revenues.

Contract balances

Under the Company's customer contracts, invoicing occurs once the Company's performance obligations have been satisfied, at which point payment is unconditional. Accordingly, the Company's contracts do not give rise to contract assets or liabilities under ASC 606.

Performance obligations

The majority of the Company’s sales are short-term in nature with a contract term of one year or less. For those contracts, the Company utilized the practical expedient in ASC 606-10-50-14 that exempts the Company from disclosure of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations if the performance obligation is part of a contract that has an original expected duration of one year or less.

For the Company’s product sales that have a contract term greater than one year, the Company utilized the practical expedient in ASC 606-10-50-14(A) which states the Company is not required to disclose the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations if the variable consideration is allocated entirely to a wholly unsatisfied performance obligation. Under these sales contracts, each unit of product generally represents a separate performance obligation; therefore future volumes are wholly unsatisfied and disclosure of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations is not required. Under the midstream services contracts, each unit of service represents a separate performance obligation and therefore performance obligations in respect of future services are wholly unsatisfied.

Financial Instruments

Financial instruments. In the first quarter of 2018, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-01, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (“ASU 2016-01”), which requires that most equity instruments be measured at fair value with subsequent changes in fair value recognized in net income. ASU 2016-01 also impacts financial liabilities under the fair value option and the presentation and disclosure requirements for financial instruments. ASU 2016-01 does not apply to equity method investments or investments in consolidated subsidiaries. ASU 2016-01 was applied on a prospective basis and prior periods were not retrospectively adjusted. There was no material impact as a result of adoption as of September 30, 2018.

Statement of Cash Flows

Statement of cash flows. In the first quarter of 2018, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (“ASU 2016-15”), which is intended to reduce diversity in practice in how certain transactions are classified in the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-15 was applied on a prospective basis and prior periods were not retrospectively adjusted. There was no material impact as a result of adoption as of September 30, 2018.

Income Taxes

Income taxes. In the first quarter of 2018, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-16, Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory (“ASU 2016-16”), to improve the accounting for the income tax consequences of intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory. ASU 2016-16 was applied on a prospective basis and prior periods were not retrospectively adjusted. There was no material impact as a result of adoption as of September 30, 2018.

In the third quarter of 2018, the Company finalized the accounting related to Accounting Standards Update No. 2018-05, Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“ASU 2018-05”). This standard amends Accounting Standards Codification 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”) to provide guidance on accounting for the tax effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) pursuant to Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118, Income Tax Accounting Implications of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("SAB 118"). See Note 13 – Income Taxes for the total impact as a result of adoption as of September 30, 2018.

Business Combinations

Business combinations. In the first quarter of 2018, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update No. 2017-01, Clarifying the Definition of a Business (“ASU 2017-01”), which provides guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. ASU 2017-01 requires entities to use a screen test to determine when an integrated set of assets and activities is not a business or if the integrated set of assets and activities needs to be further evaluated against the framework. ASU 2017-01 was applied on a prospective basis and prior periods were not retrospectively adjusted. There was no material impact as a result of adoption as of September 30, 2018.

Equity-based Compensation

Equity-based compensation. In the first quarter of 2018, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update No. 2017-09, Scope of Modification Accounting (“ASU 2017-09”), which provides guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting. ASU 2017-09 was applied on a prospective basis and prior periods were not retrospectively adjusted. There was no material impact as a result of adoption as of September 30, 2018.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Leases. In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, Leases (“ASU 2016-02”), which requires a lessee to recognize lease payment obligations and a corresponding right-of-use asset to be measured at fair value on the balance sheet. ASU 2016-02 also requires certain qualitative and quantitative disclosures about the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. This standard does not apply to leases to explore for or use minerals, oil or natural gas resources, including the right to explore for those natural resources. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those years.

In January 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2018-01, Land Easement Practical Expedient for Transition to Topic 842, which provides an optional transition practical expedient to not evaluate under Topic 842 existing or expired land easements that were not previously accounted for as leases under Topic 840, Leases. The Company plans to elect this practical expedient.

In July 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2018-11, Targeted Improvements - Lease Topic 842, which allows entities another option for transition and also provides lessors with a practical expedient to combine lease and non-lease components. The Company will adopt the new leases standard using the required modified retrospective approach and plans to elect the option to recognize a cumulative effect adjustment of initially applying the guidance to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption, rather than recognizing in the earliest period presented. Prior period amounts will not be adjusted.

The Company is in the process of analyzing its lease arrangements and is continuing to identify and put in place necessary changes to its business processes and controls to support the adoption of the new standard, including implementing a new lease accounting software to assess the portfolio of leases, assist in the quantification of the expected impact on the consolidated financial statements and facilitate the calculations of the related accounting entries and disclosures. The Company is currently evaluating the effect that adopting the new lease guidance will have on its financial position, cash flows and results of operations.

Financial instruments. In August 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement (“ASU 2018-13”), which improves the effectiveness of the disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. The changes affect all companies that are required to include fair value measurement disclosures. ASU 2018-13 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those years. An entity is permitted to early adopt the removed or modified disclosures upon the issuance of ASU 2018-13 and may delay adoption of the additional disclosures until their effective date. The Company does not expect the adoption of this guidance to have an impact on its financial position, cash flows or results of operations, but it may result in changes to disclosures.

Inventory

Inventory, including long-term inventory, is stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value with cost determined on an average cost method. The Company assesses the carrying value of inventory and uses estimates and judgment when making any adjustments necessary to reduce the carrying value to net realizable value. Among the uncertainties that impact the Company’s estimates are the applicable quality and location differentials to include in the Company’s net realizable value analysis. Additionally, the Company estimates the upcoming liquidation timing of the inventory. Changes in assumptions made as to the timing of a sale can materially impact net realizable value.