20-F

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 20-F
 

☐ REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

OR

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934   For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

OR

☐ SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Date of event requiring this shell company report:

For the transition period from ________ to ________

Commission file number:  001-35105

__________

PRIME ACQUISITION CORP.
(Exact name of the Registrant as specified in its charter)

__________

Cayman Islands
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

No. 322, Zhongshan East Road
Shijiazhuang
Hebei Province, 050011
People’s Republic of China
(Address of principal executive offices)

William Tsu-Cheng Yu
No. 322, Zhongshan East Road
Shijiazhuang
Hebei Province, 050011
People’s Republic of China
Telephone: 408-621-8345
Fax No.: 650-618-2552
(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile Number and Address of Company Contact Person)

__________

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

Ordinary Shares
Units
Warrants

(Title of Class)

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act: None.

On December 31, 2017, the issuer had 2,043,351 ordinary shares issued, of which 1,903,723 shares are outstanding.

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes  ☐    No  ☒

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Yes  ☐    No  ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes  ☒    No   ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes  ☐    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

☐  Large Accelerated filer ☐  Accelerated filer ☒  Non-accelerated filer ☐  Emerging growth company

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:

☐   US GAAP ☒   International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the
      International Accounting Standards Board ☐   Other

If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.  ☐  Item 17    ☐  Item  18

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes   ☐   No   ☒

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I			5
ITEM 1.	IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS		5
ITEM 2.	OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE		5
ITEM 3.	KEY INFORMATION		5
	A.	Selected Financial Data	5
	B.	Capitalization and Indebtedness	6
	C.	Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds	6
	D.	Risk Factors	6
ITEM 4.	INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY		14
	A.	History and Development of the Company	14
	B.	Business Overview	15
	C.	Organizational Structure	16
	D.	Property, Plant and Equipment	16
ITEM 4A.	UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS		18
ITEM 5.	OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS		18
ITEM 6.	DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES		25
	A.	Directors and Senior Management	25
	B.	Compensation	26
	C.	Board Practices	26
	D.	Employees	27
	E.	Share Ownership	27
ITEM 7.	MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS		27
	A.	Major Shareholders	27
	B.	Related Party Transactions	28
	C.	Interests of Experts and Counsel	29
ITEM 8.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION		29
	A.	Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information	29
	B.	Significant Changes	29
ITEM 9.	THE OFFER AND LISTING		29
	A.	Offer and Listing Details	29
	B.	Plan of Distribution	30
	C.	Markets	30
	D.	Selling Shareholders	30
	E.	Dilution	30
	F.	Expenses of the Issue	30
ITEM 10.	ADDITIONAL INFORMATION		30
	A.	Share Capital	30
	B.	Memorandum and Articles of Association	30
	C.	Material Contracts	31
	D.	Exchange controls	31
	E.	Taxation	31
	F.	Dividends and paying agents	38
	G.	Statement by Experts	38
	H.	Documents on Display	38
	I.	Subsidiary Information	38
ITEM 11.	QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK		38
ITEM 12.	DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES		39

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PART II			40
ITEM 13.	DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES		40
ITEM 14.	MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS		40
ITEM 15.	CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES		40
	A.	Disclosure Controls and Procedures	40
	B.	Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting	41
ITEM 16.	[RESERVED]		41
ITEM 16A.	AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT		41
ITEM 16B.	CODE OF ETHICS		41
ITEM 16C.	PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES		41
ITEM 16D.	EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES		42
ITEM 16E.	PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS		42
ITEM 16F.	CHANGES IN THE REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT		42
ITEM 16G.	CORPORATE GOVERNANCE		42
ITEM 16H.	MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE		42
PART III			42
ITEM 17.	FINANCIAL STATEMENTS		42
ITEM 18.	FINANCIAL STATEMENTS		42
ITEM 19.	EXHIBITS		43

2

CERTAIN INFORMATION

Except where the context requires otherwise and for purposes of this report only:

· “Prime,” “we,” “us,” “our company,” “the Company”, or “our,” refers to Prime Acquisition Corp., a company with limited liability incorporated in the Cayman Islands;

· “Business Combination” refers to the acquisition by Prime of entities owning 11 commercial real estate properties in Italy on September 30, 2013.

· “IPO” or “initial public offering” refer to the Company’s initial public offering pursuant to its prospectus, dated March 24, 2011, which was consummated on March 30, 2011;

· “shares” or “ordinary shares” refers to our ordinary shares, par value $0.001 per share;

· “Group” refers to Prime Acquisition Corp., and its subsidiaries acquired on the closing of Business Combination on September 30, 2013;

· “Manager” refers to BHN LLC, our former manager; and

· all discrepancies in any table between the amounts identified as total amounts and the sum of the amounts listed therein are due to rounding.

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

The statements contained in this report that are not purely historical are forward-looking statements. Our forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding our or our management’s expectations, hopes, beliefs, intentions or strategies regarding the future. In addition, any statements that refer to projections, forecasts or other characterizations of future events or circumstances, including any underlying assumptions, are forward-looking statements. The words “anticipates,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “would” and similar expressions may identify forward-looking statements, but the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking. Forward-looking statements in this report may include, for example, statements about our:

· Continued compliance with government regulations;

· Changing legislation or regulatory environments;

· Requirements or changes affecting the businesses in which we are engaged;

· Industry trends, including factors affecting supply and demand;

· Labor and personnel relations;

· Credit risks affecting the combined business’ revenue and profitability;

· Changes in the real estate industry;

· Ability to effectively manage Prime’s growth, including implementing effective controls and procedures and attracting and retaining key management and personnel;

· Changing interpretations of generally accepted accounting principles;

· Public securities’ limited liquidity and trading;

· General economic conditions; and

· Other relevant risks detailed in Prime’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

The forward-looking statements contained in this report are based on our current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effects on us. There can be no assurance that future developments affecting us will be those that we have anticipated. These forward-looking statements involve a number of risks, uncertainties (some of which are beyond our control) or other assumptions that may cause actual results or performance to be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, those factors described under the heading “Risk Factors.” Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should any of our assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary in material respects from those projected in these forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws and/or if and when management knows or has a reasonable basis on which to conclude that previously disclosed projections are no longer reasonably attainable.

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PART I

ITEM 1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS

Not Required.

ITEM 2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE

Not required.

ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION

A. Selected Financial Data

Prime Acquisition Corp. Selected Financial Data

Following the Business Combination, Prime is considered to be our predecessor for accounting purposes, as further described in Item 18 of this report. The following selected consolidated financial data have been derived from our consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 and for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, which are included elsewhere in this report. The consolidated financial statements for December 2017, 2016 and 2015 have been prepared and presented in accordance with IFRS as issued by IASB and its related interpretations. The results of operations in any period may not necessarily be indicative of the results that may be expected for any future period. See “Risk Factors” included elsewhere in this report. The selected consolidated financial information as of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 should be read in conjunction with those consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included elsewhere in this report. Our selected consolidated financial data as of December 31, 2014 and 2013 and for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 have been derived from our previously filed audited consolidated financial statements for those years.

Balance Sheet Data	As of December 31, 2017			As of December 31, 2016			As of December 31, 2015			As of December 31, 2014		As of December 31, 2013
Total assets	$	34,426,148		$	36,819,528		$	38,553,356		$	49,130,528	$	78,545,589
Total liabilities		41,781,165			41,583,313			43,564,172			47,353,887		75,951,411
Shareholders' (deficit)/equity		(7,355,017	)		(4,763,785	)		(5,010,816	)		1,776,641		2,594,178
Ordinary shares, $0.001 par value (Authorized 50,000,000 shares)		2,043			2,040			2,040			2,429		3,180
Shares issued		2,043,351			2,040,451			2,040,451			2,428,532		3,179,721
Shares outstanding		1,903,723			1,954,651			1,954,651			2,428,532		3,179,721
Shares as treasury shares		139,628			85,800			85,800			–		–

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Selected statement of operation data:	Year ended December 31, 2017			Year ended December 31, 2016*			Year ended December 31, 2015*			Year ended December 31, 2014*		Year ended December 31, 2013*
Revenues	$	2,937,871		$	2,991,738		$	2,828,366		$	3,318,862	$	768,020
Operating expenses		2,143,524			2,248,834			3,084,032			2,493,872		11,247,875
Operating profit/(loss)		794,347			742,904			(255,666	)		824,990		(10,479,855	)
(Loss)/profit for the year from continuing operations		(2,933,067	)		(339,697	)		(6,113,639	)		4,057,885		(16,155,263	)
Net (loss)/profit for the year		(3,687,136	)		(565,144	)		(7,561,686	)		3,419,319		(15,885,478	)
From continuing operations
Basic earnings/(loss) per share		(1.50	)		(0.17	)		(2.66	)		1.31		(5.32	)
Diluted earnings/(loss) per share		(1.50	)		(0.17	)		(2.66	)		1.23		(5.32	)

* Restated for discontinued operations (see note 9 to our consolidated financial statements — Discontinued Operations)

The financial statements of the Subsidiaries were translated from Euro to U.S. Dollars pursuant to the provisions of IAS 21 “The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates.” The exchange rates used were $1.2022, $1.0552, $1.0859, $1.2101 and $1.3779 for December 31, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The average exchange rate used were $1.1301, $1.1072, $1.1096, $1.3297 and $1.3619 for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, 2015 2014 and 2013, respectively (see Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements — Significant Accounting Policies).

B. Capitalization and Indebtedness

Not required.

C. Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds

Not required.

D. Risk Factors

An investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should consider carefully all of the risks described below, together with the other information contained in this annual report before making a decision to invest in our securities. If any of the following events occur, our business, financial condition and operating results may be materially adversely affected. In that event, the trading price of our securities could decline and you could lose all or part of your investment.

Risk Factors Relating to Our Business

Prior to becoming members of our management team, no member of our management team had direct experience in operating businesses such as ours, which could lead to errors in the management of the business.

Prior to becoming our officers and directors, our management team had no direct experience in operating real estate assets and will rely on third party managers to operate the real estate properties. This lack of experience could lead to errors in managing our company, which could harm our results of operations.

Substantial doubt about our being able to continue as a going concern

The Group’s consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming the Group will continue as a going concern. The Group has incurred recurring operating losses, negative cash flows from operations, and has a working capital deficiency as of December 31, 2017. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern. Our auditors have included an explanatory paragraph in their auditors’ report about there being substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

While our real estate portfolio of nine properties in Italy does not generate positive cash flow, Management believes that when the market conditions are more favorable, some of these properties may be liquidated to generate cash. Although real estate transactions in the greater Milan area have improved during 2017, compared to 2016, 2015 and 2014, they have been relatively few when compared to pre-financial crisis levels, and an actual transaction may take longer than viable for the company’s current needs.

6

There are material weaknesses in our internal controls.

Our internal controls over financial reporting were not effective due to material weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017, and such weaknesses have not been remediated as of the filing date of this annual report on Form 20-F. Material weaknesses in our internal controls include the lack of segregation of duties, untimely reconciliations, improper checks and balances, lack of an audit committee, and the fact that the Company’s review procedures in connection with financial reporting are limited. Our current management further identified other weaknesses in entity level controls, including, but not limited to, control environment, risk assessment processes, information sharing, and monitoring processes. During 2015 and continuing through 2017, our current management designed and implemented certain processes and procedures to address the material weaknesses identified. Management intends to further implement processes and procedures that will provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of our financial reporting and preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) and its related interpretations as funding becomes available to be able to put the components in place.

Current economic conditions and the global tightening of credit may adversely impact the financial condition of our business.

Since the onset of the “credit crisis” in mid-2007, the number of banks advancing new loans against Southern European properties has fallen substantially and that decline, together with a tightening of lending policies, has resulted in a significant contraction in the amount of debt available to fund re-financings, acquisitions, developments and other commercial real estate investments. There can be no assurance that the continuation of current economic conditions will not affect our real estate properties. For example, such properties could experience higher levels of vacancy than anticipated, which could adversely impact the financial performance of our company. 

As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from certain rules that are applicable to U.S. companies and you may receive less information about us and our operations than you would receive if such rules were not waived or we were a U.S. company.

As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the rules of the Exchange Act prescribing the furnishing and content of proxy statements to shareholders, and our executive officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from certain of the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act. In addition, we are not required under the Exchange Act to file periodic reports and financial statements with the SEC as frequently or as promptly as U.S. companies whose securities are registered under the Exchange Act. Therefore, you may receive less information about us than you would receive if we were a U.S. company.

Because we are incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands, you may face difficulty protecting your interests, and your ability to protect your rights through the U.S. federal courts may be limited.

We are a company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands, and certain of our assets are located outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult for investors to effect service of process within the United States in a way that will permit a U.S. court to have jurisdiction over us.

We are incorporated as a Cayman Islands exempted company. A Cayman Islands exempted company:

· is a company that conducts its business outside the Cayman Islands;

· is exempted from certain requirements of the Cayman Companies Law, including the filing of an annual return of its shareholders with the Registrar of Companies;

· does not have to make its register of shareholders open to inspection; and

· may obtain an undertaking against the imposition of any future taxation.

Our corporate affairs are governed by our Articles of Association, the Companies Law of the Cayman Islands, as the same may be supplemented or amended from time to time, which we refer to herein as the Companies Law, and the common law of the Cayman Islands. The rights of shareholders to take action against the directors, actions by minority shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors to us under Cayman Islands law are to a large extent governed by the common law of the Cayman Islands. The common law of the Cayman Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the Cayman Islands, as well as from English common law, the decisions of whose courts are of persuasive authority, but are not binding on a court in the Cayman Islands. The rights of our shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under Cayman Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes or judicial precedent in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the Cayman Islands has a less developed body of securities laws as compared to the United States, and some states, such as Delaware, have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law. In addition, Cayman Islands companies may not have standing to initiate a shareholder derivative action in a federal court of the United States.

7

The Cayman Islands courts are also unlikely:

· to recognize or enforce against us judgments of courts of the United States based on certain civil liability provisions of U.S. securities laws; and

· to impose liabilities against us, in original actions brought in the Cayman Islands, based on certain civil liability provisions of U.S. securities laws that are penal in nature.

There is no statutory recognition in the Cayman Islands of judgments obtained in the United States. We have been advised by Conyers Dill & Pearman, our counsel as to Cayman Islands law, that (i) they are unaware of any proceedings that have been successfully brought in the Cayman Islands to enforce judgments of the courts in the United States or to impose liabilities based on the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States; (ii) a final and conclusive judgment in the federal or state courts of the United States under which a sum of money is payable, other than a sum payable in respect of taxes, fines, penalties or similar charges, may be subject to enforcement proceedings as a debt in the courts of the Cayman Islands under the common law doctrine of obligation; and (iii) because it is uncertain whether a Cayman Islands court would determine that a judgment of a U.S. court based on the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States is in the nature of a penalty, it is uncertain whether such a liability judgment would be enforceable in the Cayman Islands. The Grand Court of the Cayman Islands may stay proceedings if concurrent proceedings are being brought elsewhere.

Because some of our directors and officers reside, and all of our assets are held, outside of the United States, it may be difficult for you to enforce your rights against them or to enforce U.S. court judgments against them outside the United States.

Some of our directors and officers reside, and all of our assets are held, outside of the United States. As a result, it may be necessary to comply with local law in order to obtain an enforceable judgment against certain of our directors and officers and assets. It may therefore be difficult for investors in the United States to enforce their legal rights, to effect service of process upon our directors or officers outside of the United States or to enforce judgments of U.S. courts predicated upon civil liabilities and criminal penalties of our directors and officers under U.S. federal securities laws. Further, it is unclear if extradition treaties now in effect between the United States and certain countries would permit effective enforcement of criminal penalties of the U.S. federal securities laws.

Our ordinary shares may be subject to the SEC’s penny stock rules, broker-dealers may experience difficulty in completing customer transactions and trading activity in our securities may be adversely affected.

Because we have net tangible assets of $5,000,000 or less and our ordinary shares have a market price per share of less than $5.00, transactions in our ordinary shares may be subject to the “penny stock” rules promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Under these rules, broker-dealers who recommend such securities to persons other than institutional accredited investors must:

· make a special written suitability determination for the purchaser;

· receive the purchaser’s written agreement to the transaction prior to sale;

· provide the purchaser with risk disclosure documents which identify certain risks associated with investing in “penny stocks” and which describe the market for these “penny stocks” as well as a purchaser’s legal remedies; and

· obtain a signed and dated acknowledgment from the purchaser demonstrating that the purchaser has actually received the required risk disclosure document before a transaction in a “penny stock” can be completed.

Because our ordinary shares may be subject to these rules, broker-dealers may find it difficult to effectuate customer transactions and trading activity in our securities may be adversely affected. As a result, the market price of our securities may be depressed, and you may find it more difficult to sell our securities.

8

Our qualification as a passive foreign investment company, or “PFIC,” could result in adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences to U.S. investors.

In general, we will be treated as a PFIC for any taxable year in which either (1) at least 75% of our gross income (looking through certain 25% or more-owned corporate subsidiaries) is passive income or (2) at least 50% of the average value of our assets (looking through certain 25% or more-owned corporate subsidiaries) is attributable to assets that produce, or are held for the production of, passive income. Passive income generally includes, without limitation, dividends, interest, rents, royalties, and gains from the disposition of passive assets. If we are determined to be a PFIC for any taxable year (or portion thereof) that is included in the holding period of a U.S. Holder (as defined in the section of this annual report on Form 20-F captioned “Taxation – United States Federal Income Taxation — General”) of our securities, the U.S. Holder may be subject to increased U.S. federal income tax liability and may be subject to additional reporting requirements. Based on the composition and estimated values of our assets and the nature of our income for our 2017 taxable year, we believe that we are were a PFIC for such taxable year. Our actual PFIC status for our current (2018) taxable year or any subsequent year will not be determinable until after the end of such taxable year. We urge U.S. Holders to consult their own tax advisors regarding the possible application of the PFIC rules. For a more detailed explanation of the tax consequences of PFIC classification to U.S. Holders, see the section of this annual report on Form 20-F captioned “Taxation – United States Federal Income Taxation — U.S. Holders — Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules.”

Our current portfolio of real estate properties is geographically concentrated in Italy, and factors affecting the local economy could reduce our revenues.

Our current portfolio of real estate properties is geographically concentrated in Italy, specifically in Milan and its immediate surroundings. Therefore, any adverse effect on the local economy could impact our tenants' ability to continue to meet their rental obligations or otherwise adversely affect the average size of our tenant base, which could reduce revenues.

Any downturn in the office, commercial and industrial sectors of the real estate industry, or the industries of our tenants, could reduce our revenues and the value of our properties.

Our properties are concentrated in the office, commercial, industrial and logistics sectors and our tenants are mainly retail, office and industrial tenants. Any economic downturns in the office, commercial and industrial and logistics sectors may make us susceptible to adverse events to a greater extent than if our properties included greater diversification into other sectors of the real estate industry. Likewise, the concentration of our tenants in certain industries, and the fact that we have a large tenant (namely, Microelettrica Scientifica, producing braking systems for trucks and trains), could adversely impact us if those industries or significant tenants experience a downturn. This could result in a reduction in our revenues and the value of our properties.

We face possible adverse changes in tax laws, which may result in an increase in our tax liability.

From time to time changes in tax laws or regulations are enacted, which may result in an increase in our tax liability. The shortfall in tax revenues of governments in recent years may lead to an increase in the frequency and size of such changes. If such changes occur, we may be required to pay additional taxes on our assets or income. These increased tax costs could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations and the amount of cash available for payment of dividends.

We may change our policies without obtaining the approval of our shareholders.

Our operating and financial policies, including our policies with respect to acquisitions of real estate or other companies, growth, operations, indebtedness, capitalization and dividends, are exclusively determined by our Board of Directors. Accordingly, our shareholders do not control these policies.

Geopolitical conditions and global economic factors may adversely affect us.

Our operating results may be adversely affected by the uncertain geopolitical conditions and global economic factors. Adverse factors affecting economic conditions worldwide have contributed to a general inconsistency in the real estate industry and may continue to adversely impact our business. The uncertainty of the international economic situation, civil unrest, terrorist activity and military actions may continue to adversely affect global economic conditions. Economic and market conditions could deteriorate as a result of any of the foregoing reasons. We may experience material adverse effects upon our business, operating results, and financial condition as a consequence of the above factors or otherwise.

9

Capital markets and economic conditions can materially affect our financial condition and results of operations and the value of our securities.

There are many factors that can affect the value of our securities, including the state of the capital markets and the economy. Demand for office, retail and industrial space may decline nationwide due to bankruptcies, downsizing, layoffs and cost cutting. Government action or inaction may adversely affect the state of the capital markets. The cost and availability of credit may be adversely affected by illiquid credit markets and wider credit spreads, which may adversely affect our liquidity and financial condition, and the liquidity and financial condition of our tenants. Our inability or the inability of our tenants to timely refinance maturing liabilities and access the capital markets to meet liquidity needs may materially affect our financial condition and results of operations and the value of our securities.

We may seek to make, one or more material acquisitions in the future. The announcement of such a material acquisition may result in a rapid and significant decline in the price of our securities.

We are continuously looking at material transactions that we believe will maximize shareholder value. However, an announcement by us of one or more significant acquisitions could result in a quick and significant decline in the price of our securities.

Risk Factors Related to Our Real Estate Business

Real estate investments’ value and income fluctuate due to various factors.

The value of real estate fluctuates depending on conditions in the general economy and the real estate business. These conditions may also adversely impact our revenues and cash flows.

The factors that affect the value of our real estate investments include, among other things:

· National, regional and local economic conditions;

· Competition from other available space;

· Local conditions such as an oversupply of space or a reduction in demand for real estate in the area;

· How well we manage our properties;

· The development and/or redevelopment of our properties;

· Changes in market rental rates;

· The timing and costs associated with property improvements and rentals;

· Whether we are able to pass all or portions of any increases in operating costs through to tenants;

· Changes in real estate taxes and other expenses;

· Whether tenants and users such as customers and shoppers consider a property attractive;

· The financial condition of our tenants, including the extent of tenant bankruptcies or defaults;

· Availability of financing on acceptable terms or at all;

· Fluctuations in interest rates;

· Our ability to obtain adequate insurance;

· Changes in zoning laws and taxation;

· Government regulation;

· Consequences of any armed conflict or terrorist attacks;

· Potential liability under environmental or other laws or regulations;

· Natural disasters;

· General competitive factors; and

· Climate changes.

The rents or sales proceeds we receive and the occupancy levels at our properties may decline as a result of adverse changes in any of these factors. If rental revenues, sales proceeds and/or occupancy levels decline, we generally would expect to have less cash available to pay indebtedness and for distribution to shareholders. In addition, some of our major expenses, including mortgage and finance lease payments, real estate taxes and maintenance costs generally do not decline when the related rents decline.

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Real estate is a competitive business.

Our business operates in a highly competitive environment. We compete with a large number of property owners and developers, some of which may be willing to accept lower returns on their investments than we are. Principal factors of competition include rents charged, sales prices, attractiveness of location, the quality of the property and the breadth and quality of services provided. Our success depends upon, among other factors, trends of the national, regional and local economies, financial condition and operating results of current and prospective tenants and customers, availability and cost of capital, construction and renovation costs, taxes, governmental regulation, legislation and population trends.

We depend on leasing space to tenants on economically favorable terms and collecting rent from tenants who may not be able to pay.

Our financial results depend significantly on leasing space in our properties to tenants on economically favorable terms. In addition, because a majority of our income comes from renting real property, our income, funds available to pay indebtedness and funds available for distribution to shareholders will decrease if a significant number of our tenants cannot pay their rent or if we are not able to maintain occupancy levels on favorable terms. If a tenant does not pay its rent, we may not be able to enforce our rights as landlord without delays and may incur substantial legal costs. During periods of economic adversity, there may be an increase in the number of tenants that cannot pay their rent and an increase in vacancy rates.

Bankruptcy or insolvency of tenants may decrease our revenue, net income and available cash.

Our tenants may declare bankruptcy or become insolvent in the future. The bankruptcy or insolvency of a major tenant could cause us to suffer lower revenues and operational difficulties, including leasing the remainder of the property. As a result, the bankruptcy or insolvency of a major tenant could result in decreased revenue, net income and funds available for the payment of indebtedness or for distribution to shareholders.

We may incur costs to comply with environmental laws.

Our operations and properties are subject to various federal, state and local laws and regulations concerning the protection of the environment, including air and water quality, hazardous or toxic substances and health and safety. Under some environmental laws, a current or previous owner or operator of real estate may be required to investigate and clean up hazardous or toxic substances released at a property. The owner or operator may also be held liable to a governmental entity or to third parties for property damage or personal injuries and for investigation and clean-up costs incurred by those parties because of the contamination. These laws often impose liability without regard to whether the owner or operator knew of the release of the substances or caused the release. The presence of contamination or the failure to remediate contamination may impair our ability to sell or lease real estate or to borrow using the real estate as collateral. Other laws and regulations govern indoor and outdoor air quality including those that can require the abatement or removal of asbestos-containing materials in the event of damage, demolition, renovation or remodeling and also govern emissions of and exposure to asbestos fibers in the air. The maintenance and removal of lead paint and certain electrical equipment containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and underground storage tanks are also regulated by federal and state laws. We are also subject to risks associated with human exposure to chemical or biological contaminants such as molds, pollens, viruses and bacteria which, above certain levels, can be alleged to be connected to allergic or other health effects and symptoms in susceptible individuals. Our predecessor companies may be subject to similar liabilities for activities of those companies in the past. We could incur fines for environmental compliance and be held liable for the costs of remedial action with respect to the foregoing regulated substances or tanks or related claims arising out of environmental contamination or human exposure to contamination at or from our properties.

Each of our properties has been subject to varying degrees of environmental assessment. The environmental assessments did not, as of this date, reveal any environmental condition material to our business. However, identification of new compliance concerns or undiscovered areas of contamination, changes in the extent or known scope of contamination, discovery of additional sites, human exposure to the contamination or changes in clean-up or compliance requirements could result in significant costs to us.

Inflation or deflation may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Although neither inflation nor deflation has materially impacted our operations in the recent past, increased inflation could have a pronounced negative impact on our mortgages and interest rates and general and administrative expenses, as these costs could increase at a rate higher than our rents. Inflation could also have an adverse effect on consumer spending which could impact our tenants’ sales and, in turn, our percentage rents, where applicable. Conversely, deflation could lead to downward pressure on rents and other sources of income. In addition, we own residential properties which are leased to tenants with one-year lease terms. Because these are short-term leases, declines in market rents will impact our residential properties faster than if the leases were for longer terms.

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Some of our potential losses may not be covered by insurance.

We currently maintain all risk property and rental value insurance with limits of €8.32 million (approximately $10.00 million) for four of our subsidiaries’ properties, including coverage for terrorist acts, with sub-limits for certain perils such as floods. The property and rental value insurance for the remaining five investment properties are included in the finance lease applicable to such property. The limits of such insurance were determined by each finance lease creditor with payments of such policies included in the finance lease scheduled payments. Directors’ & Officers’ liability insurance was maintained until December, 31, 2016 with a limit of $1 million and has not been renewed subsequent to December 31, 2016.

We will continue to monitor the state of the insurance market and the scope and costs of coverage for acts of terrorism. However, we cannot anticipate what coverage will be available on commercially reasonable terms in future policy years.

The debt instruments of our subsidiaries, consisting of mortgage loans secured by the subsidiary’s properties, senior unsecured notes and revolving credit agreements contain customary covenants requiring the applicable subsidiary to maintain insurance. Although we believe that our subsidiaries have adequate insurance coverage for purposes of these agreements, we may not be able to obtain an equivalent amount of coverage at reasonable costs in the future. Further, if lenders insist on greater coverage than we are able to obtain it could adversely affect our ability to finance our properties and expand our portfolio.

Compliance or failure to comply with certain governmental regulations could result in substantial costs.

Our properties are subject to various governmental regulatory requirements, such as fire and life safety requirements. If we fail to comply with these requirements, we could incur fines or private damage awards. We do not know whether existing requirements will change or whether compliance with future requirements will require significant unanticipated expenditures that will affect our cash flow and results of operations.

Our business and operations would suffer in the event of system failures.

Despite system redundancy, the implementation of security measures and the existence of a disaster recovery plan for our internal information technology systems, our systems are vulnerable to damages from any number of sources, including computer viruses, unauthorized access, energy blackouts, natural disasters, terrorism, war and telecommunication failures. Any system failure or accident that causes interruptions in our operations could result in a material disruption to our business. We may also incur additional costs to remedy damages caused by such disruptions.

The occurrence of cyber incidents, or a deficiency in our cybersecurity, could negatively impact our business by causing a disruption to our operations, a compromise or corruption of our confidential information, and/or damage to our business relationships, all of which could negatively impact our financial results.

A cyber incident is considered to be any adverse event that threatens the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of our information resources. More specifically, a cyber incident is an intentional attack or an unintentional event that can include gaining unauthorized access to systems to disrupt operations, corrupt data, or steal confidential information. As our reliance on technology has increased, so have the risks posed to our systems, both internal and those we have outsourced. Our three primary risks that could directly result from the occurrence of a cyber incident include operational interruption, damage to our relationship with our tenants, and private data exposure. We have implemented processes, procedures and controls to help mitigate these risks, but these measures, as well as our increased awareness of a risk of a cyber incident, do not guarantee that our financial results will not be negatively impacted by such an incident.

Our investments are concentrated in Italy. Economic circumstances affecting these areas could adversely affect our business.

All of our properties are located in Italy and are affected by the economic cycles and risks inherent to those areas. Real estate markets are subject to economic downturns and we cannot predict how economic conditions will impact these markets in either the short or long term. Declines in the economy or declines in real estate markets in these areas could hurt our financial performance and the value of our properties. In addition to the factors affecting the national economic condition generally, the factors affecting economic conditions in these regions include:

· Financial performance and productivity of the publishing, advertising, financial, technology, retail, insurance and real estate industries;

· Business layoffs or downsizing;

· Industry slowdowns;

· Relocations of businesses;

· Changing demographics;

· Increased telecommuting and use of alternative work places;

· Infrastructure quality; and

· Any oversupply of, or reduced demand for, real estate.

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It is impossible for us to assess the future effects of trends in the economic and investment climates of the geographic areas in which we concentrate or the real estate markets in these areas. Local, national or global economic downturns would negatively affect our businesses and profitability.

Natural disasters could have a concentrated impact on the areas where we operate and could adversely impact our results.

Natural disasters could impact our properties. Additionally, natural disasters, including earthquakes, could impact several of our properties in other areas in which we operate. Potentially adverse consequences of “global warming” could similarly have an impact on our properties. As a result, we could become subject to significant losses and/or repair costs that may or may not be fully covered by insurance and to the risk of business interruption. The incurrence of these losses, costs or business interruptions may adversely affect our operating and financial results.

We may acquire or sell assets or entities or develop properties. Our failure or inability to consummate these transactions or manage the results of these transactions could adversely affect our operations and financial results.

We may acquire or develop properties or acquire other real estate related companies when we believe that an acquisition or development is consistent with our business strategy. We may not, however, succeed in consummating desired acquisitions or in completing developments on time or within budget. In addition, we may face competition in pursuing acquisition or development opportunities that could increase our costs. When we do pursue a project or acquisition, we may not succeed in leasing or selling newly developed or acquired properties at rents or sales prices sufficient to cover costs of acquisition or development and operations. Difficulties in integrating acquisitions may prove costly or time consuming and could divert management’s attention. Acquisitions or developments in new markets or industries where we do not have the same level of market knowledge may result in weaker than anticipated performance. We may also abandon acquisition or development opportunities that we have begun pursuing and consequently fail to recover expenses already incurred, and we may devote management time to a matter not consummated. Furthermore, acquisitions of new properties or companies will expose us to the liabilities of those properties or companies, some of which we may not be aware of at the time of acquisition. Development of our existing properties presents similar risks.

Our decision to dispose of real estate assets would change the holding period assumption in our valuation analyses, which could result in material impairment losses and adversely affect our financial results.

We evaluate real estate assets using the discounted cash flow method conducted by an independent qualified professional valuation expert. The methods and assumptions adopted for the real estate appraisal carried out by the expert in determining the fair value of the investment property is in accordance with IAS 40, Investment Property. Depending on the result of the evaluation, we may record a gain/loss that would favorably/adversely affect our financial results due to the valuation change on these investment properties. This gain/loss could be material to our results of operations in the period that it is recognized.

It may be difficult to buy and sell real estate quickly, which may limit our flexibility.

Real estate investments are relatively difficult to buy and sell quickly. Consequently, we may have limited ability to vary our portfolio promptly in response to changes in economic or other conditions.

We may not be permitted to dispose of certain properties or pay down the debt associated with those properties when we might otherwise desire to do so without incurring additional costs. In addition, when we dispose of or sell assets, we may not be able to reinvest the sales proceeds and earn similar returns.

As part of an acquisition of a property, or a portfolio of properties, we may agree, and in the past have agreed, not to dispose of the acquired properties or reduce the mortgage indebtedness for a long- term period, unless we pay certain of the resulting tax costs of the seller. These agreements could result in us holding on to properties that we would otherwise sell and not pay down or refinance our debts. In addition, when we dispose of or sell assets, we may not be able to reinvest the sales proceeds and earn returns similar to those generated by the assets that were sold.

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The United Kingdom leaving the European Union could have a negative impact on the economy in Italy, and result in reduced rents.

The government of the United Kingdom held an in-or-out referendum on its membership in the European Union on June 23, 2016. The referendum resulted in a vote in favor of the exit of the United Kingdom from the European Union (“Brexit”). The uncertainty caused by Brexit could negatively impact all of the economies of the European Union. The Brexit process also may lead to greater volatility in the global markets generally. Disruptions in the Italian economy caused by Brexit could reduce economic activity and rents, which would reduce our revenues.

Risks Related to Our Warrants

Our outstanding warrants may adversely affect the market price of our ordinary shares.

We have outstanding warrants to purchase 6,733,292 ordinary shares and available options to purchase 473,850 ordinary shares. The sale, or even the possibility of sale, of the shares underlying the warrants and options could have an adverse effect on the market price for our securities or on our ability to obtain future financing. If and to the extent these warrants and options are exercised, you may experience dilution to your holdings.

An effective registration statement may not be in place when an investor desires to exercise warrants, thus precluding such investor from being able to exercise his, her or its warrants for cash.

Holders of our warrants will be able to exercise the warrants for cash only if we have an effective registration statement covering the ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants and a current prospectus relating to such ordinary shares and, even in the case of a cashless exercise which is permitted in certain circumstances, such ordinary shares are qualified for sale or exempt from qualification under the applicable securities laws of the states in which the various holders of warrants reside. Under the terms of the warrant agreement, we have agreed to use our best efforts to meet these conditions and to maintain a current prospectus relating to the ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants until the expiration of the warrants. However, we cannot assure you that we will be able to do so, and if we do not maintain a current prospectus related to the ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants, holders will only be able to exercise their warrants on a cashless basis.

An investor will only be able to exercise a warrant if the issuance of ordinary shares upon such exercise has been registered or qualified or is deemed exempt under the securities laws of the state of residence of the holder of the warrants.

No public warrants will be exercisable and we will not be obligated to issue ordinary shares unless the ordinary shares issuable upon such exercise has been registered or qualified or deemed to be exempt under the securities laws of the state of residence of the holder of the warrants. Because the exemptions from qualification in certain states for resales of warrants and for issuances of ordinary shares by the issuer upon exercise of a warrant may be different, a warrant may be held by a holder in a state where an exemption is not available for issuance of ordinary shares upon exercise of the warrant and the holder will be precluded from exercising of the warrant. As a result, the warrants may be deprived of any value, the market for the warrants may be limited and the holders of warrants may not be able to exercise their warrants if the ordinary shares issuable upon such exercise is not qualified or exempt from qualification in the jurisdictions in which the holders of the warrants reside.

We may amend the terms of the warrants that may be adverse to holders with the approval by the holders of a majority of the then outstanding public warrants.

Our warrants were issued in registered form under a warrant agreement between American Stock Transfer & Trust Company as warrant agent and us. The warrant agreement provides that the terms of the warrants may be amended without the consent of any holder to cure any ambiguity or correct any defective provision, but requires the approval by the holders of a majority of the then outstanding public warrants, in order to make any change that adversely affects the interests of the holders of public warrants. Accordingly, we may amend the terms of the warrants in an adverse way to a warrantholder if a majority of the public holders approve of such amendment.

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ITEM 4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY

A. History and Development of the Company

Prime Acquisition Corp. is an exempt company organized on February 4, 2010 under the laws of the Cayman Islands, formed to acquire through a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition, stock purchase or similar business combination, or control through contractual arrangements, one or more operating businesses.

On March 30, 2011, the initial public offering (“IPO”) of 3,600,000 of our units was consummated. Each unit issued in the IPO consisted of one ordinary share, par value $0.001 per share, and one warrant. Each warrant entitles the holder to purchase one ordinary share at a price of $7.50. On January 4, 2014, we reduced the exercise price of the warrants from $7.50 to $5.00 and extended the expiration date from March 30, 2016 to March 30, 2018. In February 2018, we further extended the expiration date from March 30, 2018 to March 30, 2021. Prior to the consummation of the IPO, the Company completed a private placement of 2,185,067 warrants to the Company’s founding shareholders, generating gross proceeds of $1,638,800. On May 10, 2011, we announced that the underwriters of our IPO exercised their over-allotment option in part, for a total of an additional 52,975 units (over and above the 3,600,000 units sold in the IPO). The 3,652,975 units sold in the IPO, including the 52,975 units subject to the over-allotment option, were sold at an offering price of $10.00 per unit, generating gross proceeds of $36,529,750. A total of $36,606,096, which includes a portion of the $1,638,800 of proceeds from the private placement of warrants to the founding shareholders, was placed in trust. On May 25, 2011, the ordinary shares and warrants underlying the units sold in the IPO began to trade separately on a voluntary basis. The warrants issued prior to and in connection with the IPO are exercisable provided that there is an effective registration statement or post-effective amendment covering the ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants. A registration statement relating to the resale of these shares was declared effective by the SEC on September 29, 2016. In addition, we can only call for redemption of such warrants if the last sale price of our ordinary shares on the stock exchange equals to or exceeds $15.00 per share for any 20 trading days within a 30 trading day period after the completion of business. As of the date of this report, the sales price requirement has not been met.

Since we could not complete an acquisition prior to March 30, 2013, the date by which we were required to complete our initial business combination by our Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association, our board of directors determined that it would be in the best interests of our shareholders for us to continue our existence for an additional six months (until September 30, 2013) rather than dissolve as required by our Articles of Association, which we refer to as the Extension. In order to effect the Extension, our shareholders approved certain amendments to our Articles of Association at a special meeting of shareholders held on Wednesday, March 27, 2013. In connection with the Extension, our board of directors determined that it was in our best interest to allow shareholders with the opportunity to redeem their ordinary shares for cash by means of a tender offer, which we refer to as the Extension Tender Offer. Following approval of the Extension, the Extension Tender Offer expired at 5:00 p.m., United States Eastern Time on the evening of Thursday, March 28, 2013. Pursuant to the terms of the Extension Tender Offer, 3,008,955 of our ordinary shares were tendered and accepted for redemption by the Company for an aggregate purchase price of $30,149,729.

On June 22, 2013, June 24, 2013 and July 9, 2013, Prime entered into a series of definitive agreements to acquire certain real estate assets in Italy, as more fully described below.

On September 27, 2013, Prime completed the Business Combination Tender Offer and redeemed the one share validly tendered and not withdrawn, and on September 30, 2013, it consummated its initial Business Combination by acquiring 100% of Seba S.r.l. (“Seba”), Nova S.r.l. (“Nova”), Delfin S.r.l. (“Delfin”), SIM S.r.l. (“SIM”), Dieci Real Estate S.r.l. (“Dieci”), Ellegi S.r.l. (“Ellegi”), G.S.I. S.r.l. (“GSI”), Magfin S.r.l. (“Magfin”), all of which are Italian limited liability companies (Delfin, SIM, Dieci, Ellegi, GSI and Magfin, collectively the “Bell Group”; Bell Group, Seba and Nova, collectively the “Subsidiaries”), which collectively owned 11 commercial real estate properties based in Italy, for an aggregate of 1,719,317 ordinary shares. As a result, immediately following consummation of the Business Combination, Prime had a total of 3,635,344 ordinary shares outstanding.

On December 18, 2014, Prime entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with Prime Luxembourg S.a.r.l., the Company’s wholly owned subsidiary (“LuxCo”), Seba, at the time LuxCo’s wholly owned subsidiary, Francesco Rotondi and Luca Failla. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, on December 18, 2014, Messrs. Rotondi and Failla acquired all of the outstanding equity interests in Seba in exchange for the return of 497,308 of our shares. Seba’s sole asset consists of four floors of Corso Europa 22, an office building in central Milan. 

In connection with the Purchase Agreement, we, LuxCo, Nova, and Mr. Rotondi entered into an option agreement (the “Option Agreement”) pursuant to which Mr. Rotondi would have the right to purchase all of the equity interests in Nova owned by LuxCo in the event that (i) the mortgage payments that Mr. Rotondi has personally guaranteed are not made, or (ii) a certain power of attorney that would facilitate the transfer of Nova’s equity interests to Mr. Rotondi is not renewed. The Option Agreement will terminate on the repayment of the mortgages or the termination of Mr. Rotondi’s personal guaranties. The consideration for the exercise of the option would be the return of 50,000 shares of our ordinary shares. On November 10, 2017, Mr. Rotondi exercised this option on the return of 50,000 shares of our ordinary shares, together with 3,828 of our shares that Mr. Giuseppe Pantaleo (a related party of Mr. Rotondi) owned, in exchange for 100% ownership of Nova. As a result, a total of 53,828 shares were returned to the Company and remained as treasury shares. Nova’s sole asset consists of two floors of Corso Europa 22, an office building in central Milan.

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On June 26, 2015, we entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “SIM Purchase Agreement”) with Prime Luxembourg S.a.r.l., the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary (“LuxCo”), GSI S.r.l, LuxCo’s wholly-owned subsidiary (“GSI”), SIM S.r.l., at the time owned by LuxCo and GSI (“SIM”), Bell Real Estate S.r.l. (“Bell”), Cesare Lanati and Stefano Lanati (Bell, Cesare Lanati and Stefano Lanati are collectively referred to as the “SIM Buyers”). On July 7, 2015, the SIM Buyers acquired all of the outstanding equity interests in SIM in exchange for the return of 220,000 of our shares (the “SIM Consideration Shares”). 134,200 shares (61%) were returned to the Company for immediate cancellation, 85,800 shares (39%) were returned to GSI and remained as treasury shares. SIM’s sole asset consists of the property located at Via Newton 9, Milan, Italy. In addition, in connection with the transactions contemplated by the SIM Purchase Agreement, we extinguished certain trade liabilities associated with its portfolio of properties and the SIM Buyers.

During 2015, we established a new wholly-owned subsidiary in Italy, Imperatrice S.r.l. (“Imperatrice”), through LuxCo. Imperatrice was established for potential future acquisitions of real estate investment properties in Italy. During 2017, we determined to voluntarily liquidate Imperatrice. The liquidation of Imperatrice was completed as of December 31, 2017.  

The Company continues to seek additional capital and liquidity sources through investment bankers and potential investors.

B. Business Overview

We currently own real estate assets that consist of office, commercial and industrial properties in Italy.

We plan to acquire additional properties to create a diverse portfolio of commercial real estate assets, including, primarily, well located office buildings and industrial/warehouse buildings. We may also acquire retail properties, including regional malls, shopping centers and single-tenant retail locations, that are leased to national, regional and local tenants. We plan to target properties strategically situated in densely populated, middle and upper income markets in Southern Europe, primarily in Italy, Spain and Portugal.

We believe that the current market environment in Southern Europe presents an opportunity to acquire performing properties at compelling yields and at values substantially below their replacement cost, offering us the potential to achieve attractive returns for our shareholders over time. The Southern European real estate market is currently experiencing significant weakness driven by economic uncertainty and sharply reduced capital availability. Despite the challenging economic environment in Europe, we believe that our properties have high quality lessees who are not credit impaired, long term leases, low vacancy rates and stable rents. These will also be characteristics that we will seek out for additional properties we may acquire in the future.

In addition, since the onset of the “credit crisis” in mid-2007, the number of banks advancing new loans against Southern European properties has fallen substantially and that decline, together with a tightening of lending policies, has resulted in a significant contraction in the amount of debt available to fund re-financings, acquisitions, developments and other commercial real estate investments. Our view is that, in the current capital constrained environment, many property owners have limited options to sell and the prospects for negotiating attractive acquisitions at compelling prices should be significant. There can be no assurance, however, that the continuation of current economic conditions will not impact certain of the properties we may acquire and such properties could experience higher levels of vacancy than anticipated at the time of our acquisition of such properties.

We believe we have a competitive advantage relative to other potential acquirers of such properties because we have the ability to issue publicly traded ordinary shares for a portion of the acquisition consideration and because we are not burdened by a legacy portfolio of under-performing assets or assets that may have significant debt obligations. However, no assurance can be given at this time that these plans can be carried out successfully and that the risks associated with investing in real estate assets in the region can be properly mitigated.

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Competition

The leasing of real estate is highly competitive. We compete for tenants with landlords and developers of similar properties located in our markets primarily on the basis of location, rent charged, services provided, balance sheet strength and liquidity, and the design and condition of our properties. We face competition from other real estate companies, including REITs, that currently invest in markets other than or in addition to Southern Europe, private real estate funds, domestic and foreign financial institutions, life insurance companies, pension trusts, partnerships, individual investors, and others that may have greater financial resources or access to capital than we do or that are willing to acquire properties in transactions which are more highly leveraged or with different financial attributes than we are willing to pursue.

Litigation

From time to time in the normal course of conducting business the Group is subject to legal disputes of varying nature such as but not limited to expenses on building maintenance, moving expenses and others. Management believes that any liability that may ultimately result from the resolution of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on the financial condition or results of our operations.

The following summarizes litigation that is outside of the normal course of the Group’s business.

Morgan Joseph and BHN LLC 

In July 2014, Morgan Joseph filed a complaint against Prime and BHN LLC (“BHN”) for breach of contract, seeking at least approximately $1.3 million plus damages from Prime. On October 20, 2014, Prime moved to dismiss the complaint on the basis there were no contracts between Morgan Joseph and Prime. On November 14, 2014, BHN moved to add additional cross-claims, among other things.

On March 19, 2015, the court dismissed Morgan Joseph's complaint against Prime as well as BHN LLC's cross-claim for indemnification from the Company but gave Morgan Joseph until May 1, 2015 to file an amended complaint.

On April 8, 2015, BHN brought an amended complaint against Prime for breach of contract, seeking approximately $9 million in damages. BHN did not serve Prime or Prime’s legal counsel with this complaint. Separately, on April 27, 2015, Morgan Joseph filed an amended complaint against Prime and BHN, asserting claims of breach of contract and seeking approximately $2.5 million plus damages.

We filed an answer to Morgan Joseph’s amended complaint on June 1, 2015. Management estimated the probability of damages in these cases is low due to (1) there being no formal contracts between us and Morgan Joseph, and (2) the court dismissing earlier complaints and there being no new evidence brought forward in the amended complaints. Due to these factors, Management deemed no potential loss from this complaint and hence no provision has been accrued in relation to this case. However, there is no assurance the court will dismiss this amended complaint.

In addition, on June 26, 2015, we filed a cross-claim against BHN LLC and certain individuals connected with BHN LLC for damages and certain costs incurred by us. The amount of damages and costs are to be determined at trial. In January, 2017, BHN motioned to dismiss the Company’s claims against it and the Company has filed its defense in response. On August 30, 2017, the judge denied BHN’s move for a summary judgement, and the parties are undertaking discovery in May and June of 2018, with court appearances anticipated to take place in August 2018.

Andrea Crespi-Belskij

On July 19, 2016, Andrea Crespi-Belskij, formerly a consultant to the Company, filed a claim with the civil court of Milan against Prime and two Italian subsidiaries, Magfin Srl and Ellegi Srl, claiming, among other things, wrongful dismissal and incorrect classification of employment, and seeking various financial compensations for the claims as well as petitioning for a seizure of the Italian subsidiaries. In the August 2, 2016 hearing on the seizure, the presiding judge summarily dismissed the petition. Andrea Crespi-Belskij did not file an appeal of the judgement within 10 days after the judgement. The hearing on wrongful dismissal, which the claimant previously filed a similar claim against the Company and its subsidiaries in June 2016 which was dismissed by the court, began on September 29, 2016 and in a conclusive hearing held on March 9, 2017, the judge dismissed all claims against the Company and awarded €3,000 (which translates to approximately $3,165) to the Company under the Abuse of Law provision.  Andrea Crespi-Belskij filed an appeal in late 2017, resulting in a court appearance on March 24, 2018, in which the presiding judge advised both parties to settle the case with a €6,000 settlement payment by the Company with both parties in agreement. On April 9, 2018, both parties appeared in front of the same judge who gave the parties until May 7, 2018 to settle the case. The Company is optimistic that the case will be concluded by that time.

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C. Organizational Structure

LuxCo is a Luxembourg company and the only wholly owned subsidiary of Prime. LuxCo holds all of the equity interests in each of the Italian limited liability companies (collectively the “Subsidiaries”), Delfin S.r.l. (“Delfin”), Dieci Real Estate S.r.l. (“Dieci”), Ellegi S.r.l. (“Ellegi”), G.S.I. S.r.l. (“GSI”), Magfin S.r.l. (“Magfin”) and Imperatrice S.r.l. (“Imperatrice”). Imperatrice was liquidated as of December 31, 2017.

D. Property, Plant and Equipment

We currently maintain our executive offices in an approximately 500 sq. foot suite at No. 322, Zhongshan East Road; Shijiazhuang; Hebei Province, 050011; China. We do not currently pay any rent for this space, which is owned by Kaiyuan Real Estate Development, an affiliate of Mr. Yong Hui Li, our former Chairman.

Description of Investment Properties

We own the following properties, which are office, logistics, commercial and industrial real estate assets located in the Milan metropolitan area, Italy.

	Property Name & Location	Type	Tenant	Average Lease Duration as of September 30, 2013 (Years)	Approx. Gross Leasable Area (sq. meters)		Purchase Price on September 30, 2013 ($ in millions)
1	Milanofiori, Building A5	Office	Various int’l and Italian firms	10		865	$	3.13
2	Milanofiori, Building Q7	Office	Various int’l and Italian firms	10		586	$	1.27
3	Milanofiori, Building N	Office	Various int’l and Italian firms	10		1,750	$	4.48
4	Viale Lucania, Buccinasco	Office & Industrial	Microelettrica Scientifica	18		16,230	$	22.27
5	Via Buozzi 22, Buccinasco	Office	Various int’l and Italian firms	10		545	$	1.85
6	Via Lazio 95, Buccinasco	Office & Warehouse	Various Italian firms	10		4,320	$	5.01
7	Via Emilia, Buccinasco	Commercial	Italian commercial co.	10		200	$	0.35
8	Via Mulino, Buccinasco	Commercial	Merkur	8		360	$	1.37
9	Milanofiori, Building Q5	Office	Various Italian firms	10		400	$	1.26
	Total:					25,256	$	40.99

1. Property 1 is part of a large office complex, Assago Milanofiori, in the southern part of Milan. Milanofiori is a real estate business district built in the late 1970s with the aim to provide prime location to Italian and multinational firms in the service and high-tech service industries. The buildings in the area are connected by tree-lined roads and large parking lots. The property is Building A5 of the complex. The complex has a direct subway connection to the center of the Milan and is located near major freeways and highways. The building’s 865 sqm are rented to Italian and international firms.

2. Property 2 is part of a large office complex, Assago Milanofiori, in the southern part of Milan. The property is Building Q7 of the complex. The complex has a direct subway connection to the center of the city and is located near major freeways and highways. The building’s 586 sqm are rented to Italian and international firms.

3. Property 3 is part of a large office complex, Assago Milanofiori, in the southern part of Milan. The property is Building N of the complex. The complex has a direct subway connection to the center of the city and is located near major freeways and highways. The building’s 1,750 sqm are rented to Italian and international firms.

4. Property 4 is an industrial and office building located on viale Lucania in Buccinasco, a large commercial and industrial area in the southern part of Milan. The property is located about 3 km from Milan, is very well connected with the major adjacent cities such as Assago, Corsico, Trezzano sul Naviglio and is near major freeways and the highway towards Genova. The facility encompasses a 16,230 sqm industrial plant, of which 10,230 sqm warehouse, and 6,000 sqm office. It is a flexible use structure that was recently renovated in 2011. The building is rented to Microelettrica Scientifica, a subsidiary of the large multi-national Knorr-Bremse group, a leading global producer of braking systems for trucks and trains.

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5. Property 5 is an office building located at via Buozzi 22 in Buccinasco, a large commercial and industrial area in the southern part of Milan. The property is located near major freeways and the highway towards Genova. The building includes offices and warehouse. Its 545 sqm are rented to international and Italian firms. On February 9, 2018, we entered into a contract offering an unrelated entity  to purchase the via Buozzi property for  €150,000 (approx. US$183,390 as of February 9, 2018). This contract expires on December 31, 2018.

6.

Property 6 is an office and warehouse building. The property is located at via Lazio 95 in Buccinasco, a large commercial and industrial area in the southern part of Milan. The building is located near major freeways and the highway towards Genova. The building’s 4,320 sqm are rented to Italian companies. On February 8, 2018, we sold approximately 52% (approx. 2,246 sqm) of the via Lazio property to an unrelated entity for €1,850,000 (approximately $2,270,000).

7.

Property 7 is a commercial building located on via Emilia in Buccinasco, a large commercial and industrial area in the southern part of Milan. The building is located near major freeways and the highway towards Genova. The facility’s 200 sqm are rented to an Italian commercial company.

8. Property 8 is a commercial building located on via Mulino in Buccinasco, a large commercial and industrial area in the southern part of Milan. The building is located near major freeways and the highway towards Genova. The facility’s 360 sqm are rented to a gaming company.

9. Property 9 is part of a large office complex, Assago Milanofiori, in the southern part of Milan. The property is Building Q5 of the complex. The complex has a direct subway connection to the center of the city and is located near major freeways and highways. The building’s 400 sqm are rented to Italian firms.

Current occupancy rates and approximate rent per square meter for each of the properties is as follows:

	Property	Current occupancy		Rent per square meter ($)
1	Milanofiori, Building A5 (1)		76%		203
2	Milanofiori, Building Q7		100%		127
3	Milanofiori, Building N		100%		131
4	Viale Lucania, Buccinasco		100%		93
5	Via Buozzi 22, Buccinasco (2)		62%		103
6	Via Lazio, Buccinasco (3)		100%		53
7	Via Emilia, Buccinasco		100%		73
8	Via Mulino, Buccinasco		100%		227
9	Milanofiori, Building Q5		100%		169

(1)	The occupancy rate of the property building A5 located in Milanofiori is at 76% due to the termination of certain leases in March, 2017. The managers of the property are seeking new tenants for the vacant spaces.
(2)	The occupancy rate of the property located at Via Buozzi 22, Buccinasco is at 62% due to the recent termination of certain leases in 2015. The managers of the property are continuing to seek new tenants for the vacant spaces. On February 9, 2018, we entered into a contract offering an unrelated entity to purchase via Buozzi property for  €150,000 (approx. US$183,390). This contract expires on December 31, 2018. The potential buyer is a related entity to the buyer of the Via Lazio property disclosed below in (3).
(3)	The occupancy rate of the property located at Via Lazio, Buccinasco is at 100% as of December 31 2017. On February 8, 2018, we sold approximately 52% of the via Lazio property for €1,850,000 (approximately $2,270,000). Subsequent to the sale, the occupancy rate remains at 100%.

ITEM 4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

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ITEM 5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS

Prime Acquisition Corp., a Cayman Island company, was incorporated on February 4, 2010 in order to serve as a vehicle for the acquisition of an operating business (through a merger, capital stock exchange, asset acquisition or other similar business combination). Prime did not engage in any substantive commercial business until the Business Combination.

On September 30, 2013, we consummated the Business Combination by purchasing all of the issued and outstanding stock of the Subsidiaries (Seba, Nova, Delfin, Dieci, Ellegi, SIM, Magfin, and GSI) (as defined in the section of this registration statement captioned “Business”), for a total consideration of $18,843,714, as represented by the issuance of 1,719,317 of Prime’s shares from the treasury. As part of the Business Combination, the Group assumed all the current and non-current loans and borrowings associated with the investment properties which amounted to approximately $50.9 million.

On December 18, 2014, Prime exchanged Seba with Francesco Rotondi and Luca Failla whereby Rotondi and Failla returned 497,308 of the Company’s shares (“Seba Unwinding”) for 100% of the ownership of Seba. Seba’s sole asset consisted of four floors of Corso Europa 22, an office building in central Milan.

On July 7, 2015, Prime exchanged SIM with its former owners Bell Real Estate S.r.l. (“Bell”), Cesare Lanati and Stefano Lanati whereby Bell returned 220,000 of the Company’s shares for 100% of the ownership of SIM. SIM’s sole asset consisted of the investment property on Via Newton, 9, an office building in Assago.

During 2015, the Company established a new subsidiary, Imperatrice S.r.l. (“Imperatrice”), for the potential future acquisitions of real estate investment properties in Italy. On December 31, 2017, the Company ceased the operations of Imperatrice through a voluntary liquidation process. There were no acquisitions of real estate investment properties consummated by Imperatrice.

On November 10, 2017, Prime entered into the Nova Purchase Agreement with Francesco Rotondi and Giuseppe Pantaleo (Nova’s former owners), pursuant to which we sold Nova in exchange for the return of 53,828 of our shares.

On February 8, 2018, we sold approximately 52% of the via Lazio property for €1,850,000 (approximately $2,270,000). The occupancy rate is 100% subsequent to the sale.

On February 9, 2018, we entered into a contract offering an unrelated entity to purchase via Buozzi property for €150,000 (approx. US$183,000). This contract expires on December 31, 2018.

The entirety of our revenues is derived from rental income from our tenants in the nine properties.

In addition, see Item 10C, Material Contracts, for certain details of contingent consideration.

Results of Operations

This section discusses our 2017, 2016 and 2015 financial results prepared under IFRS as issued by IASB.

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Years Ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015

The information below is from the audited financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.

	2017			2016*			2015*
Continuing operations
Rental income	$	2,561,322		$	2,508,586		$	2,624,064
Other revenues		376,549			483,152			204,302
Total Revenues		2,937,871			2,991,738			2,828,366
Depreciation and bad debt provision		(67,528	)		(3,229	)		(12,974	)
Other expenses		(2,075,996	)		(2,245,605	)		(3,071,058	)
Total operating expenses		(2,143,524	)		(2,248,834	)		(3,084,032	)
Operating profit/(loss)		794,347			742,904			(255,666	)
Finance income		9,223			19,617			34,889
Finance costs		(3,320,839	)		(3,756,134	)		(3,959,052	)
Gain/(loss) on revaluation of derivatives related to convertible promissory notes		292,562			3,085,253			(539,716	)
Loss on disposal of property & equipment		–			–			(133,782	)
Loss on sale of subsidiary		–			–			(32,340	)
Forgiveness of debt		273,037			–			–
Reversal of contingent consideration in connection with business combination from prior year		–			–			–
Realized loss on sale of real estate investment		–			–			(240,206	)
Less: previously recognized unrealized loss on real estate investment		–			–			40,478
Net fair value loss on revaluation of investment property		(806,891	)		(519,276	)		(884,351	)
Loss before tax		(2,758,561	)		(427,636	)		(5,969,746	)
Tax expense, current		(158,639	)		(42,367	)		(21,507	)
Deferred tax benefit/(expense)		(15,867	)		130,306			(122,386	)
Loss from continuing operations	$	(2,933,067	)	$	(339,697	)	$	(6,113,639	)
Loss from discontinued operations
Net loss from discontinued operations		(754,069	)		(225,447	)		(1,448,047	)
Net loss	$	(3,687,136	)	$	(565,144	)	$	(7,561,686	)
Other comprehensive loss, net of income tax
Foreign currency translation reserve		813,007			(139,370	)		(449,358	)
Total comprehensive loss	$	(2,874,129	)	$	(704,514	)	$	(8,011,044	)

* Restated for discontinued operations (see note 9 to our consolidated financial statements — Discontinued Operations)

Year Ended December 31, 2017 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2016

Revenues:

Revenues decreased by 1.80% to $2,937,871 for the year ended December 31, 2017, from $2,991,738 for the year ended December 31, 2016. The Euro to US dollar average exchange rate for the year increased by approximately 2.07% from 2016 to 2017. The decrease in 2017 was primarily due to a settlement payment the Company received in connection with a litigation during 2016.

Expenses:

For the year ended December 31, 2017, depreciation expense on tangible assets amounted to $3,574, and $63,954 of bad debt and other provisions was recorded on the Group’s trade receivables.

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In comparison, for the year ended December 31, 2016, depreciation expense on tangible assets amounted to $3,229 and no bad debt provision was recorded on the Group’s trade receivables. The increase in the bad debt and other provisions from 2016 to 2017 is due to (1) non-recoverability of certain condominium expenses as a result of the bankruptcy of other occupants in the building structure, and (2) separately a risk of unrecoverable condominium expenses from a third party.

Approximately 19.98%, or approximately $0.41 million, of Other Expenses (which totaled approximately $2.08 million) in 2017 were comprised of professional and legal expenses, compared to 27.45%, or about $0.62 million, in 2016. The decrease in professional and legal expenses in 2017 is primarily due to the successful resolution of most of the Group’s legal disputes during 2015 and 2016. Daily operating costs such as administrative, rent, staff, maintenance, insurance and travel costs account for approximately 74.35% (or approximately $1.54 million) of Other Expenses in 2017, compared to $1.23 million, or approximately 54.56%, of Other Expenses in 2016. The increase in operating costs during 2017 was largely attributable to the penalties on certain subsidiaries’ accumulated unpaid taxes, and a retroactive recalculation of condominium expenses for an investment property. We incurred $95,419 of stock option expense in 2017, compared to $370,040 in 2016. The significant decrease on stock option expense is due to the immediate vesting of a significant portion in 2016.

Balance Sheet

In connection with the acquisition of the Subsidiaries, we had approximately $33.84 million and $35.94 million of non-current assets at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Investment properties, whose fair values are calculated using a discounted cash flow method prepared by an independent qualified professional valuation expert, were valued at $33,829,902 at December 31, 2017, compared to $35,786,053 at December 31, 2016. The Euro to US dollar year end exchange rate increased by approximately 13.93% from December 31, 2016 to December 31, 2017. The decrease in value is primarily due to the sale of Nova with its underlying investment property.

Current trade and other receivables at December 31, 2017 and 2016 were $407,010 and $756,940, respectively, net of the allowance for bad debt. The decrease in current trade and other receivables is a result of the Group’s proactive and steady collection policy implemented during 2016 and continuing in 2017. Non-current trade and other receivables at December 31, 2017 and 2016 was $0 and $143,137, respectively, which consists of taxes receivable.

There was $58,143 and $55,393 of cash at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

At December 31, 2017, the Company had total current and non-current borrowings amounting to approximately $22.58 million. Non-current loans and borrowings from various institutions amounted to $18.15 million and current loans and borrowings amounted to approximately $4.44 million. At December 31, 2016, the Company had total current and non-current borrowings amounting to approximately $25.32 million. Non-current loans and borrowings from various institutions amounted to $21.11 million and current loans and borrowings amounted to approximately $4.21 million. Loans and borrowings consist of bank loans, revolving lines of credit, finance leases, and other loans. Bank loans include both secured and unsecured bank loans. Secured bank loans are secured by the investment properties. In addition, some of the secured loans are further personally guaranteed by the former owners of the properties. The revolving line of credit is unsecured and personally guaranteed by the former owners of the properties. Non-current other loans consist of one loan from the current tenant of the property located on Via Lucania in Buccinasco. Current other loans consist of an interest bearing convertible promissory note with the underwriter from our initial public offering.

In 2017, new Italian legislation amended the IRES rates from 27.5% to 24%, to be used for income tax calculations for accounting periods ended during and subsequent to the year ended December 31, 2016. At December 31, 2017, there was approximately $2.75 million in deferred tax liabilities, which was calculated using a tax rate of 24%, if the temporary difference is subject only to IRES (an Italian corporate income tax) rules, or 27.90% if the temporary difference is subject both to IRES and IRAP (an Italian regional production tax) rules. In comparison, there was approximately $2.56 million in deferred taxes liabilities at December 31, 2016, which was calculated using a tax rate of 24%, if the temporary difference is subject only to IRES rules, or 27.90% if the temporary difference is subject both to IRES and IRAP rules.

At December 31, 2017, the $6,389,497 of current trade and other payables consisted largely of $2.71 million of accrued expenses incurred by Prime with its service providers, and trade account payables of $2.59 million incurred by the Subsidiaries. In 2016, the $5,914,549 of current trade and other payables consisted largely of $2.79 million of accrued expenses incurred by Prime with its service providers, and trade accounts payables of $2.30 million incurred by the Subsidiaries. At December 31, 2017, the $19,597 non-current trade and other payables consisted of $16,029 of property taxes payments and $3,568 of social security payments. In 2016, the $80,355 non-current trade and other payables consisted of $17,212 of property taxes payments and $63,143 of social security payments.

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At December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Group’s provisions were $70,713 and $40,208, respectively, which consists of post-employment benefits, tax liabilities and other provisions. The increase was due to the estimation of other provisions in 2017 as a result of a certain legal dispute in mediation progress during 2017. The other provisions were estimated based on management’s evaluation of the amount at risk and legal considerations.

Year Ended December 31, 2016 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2015

Revenues:

Revenues increased by 5.78% to $2,991,738 for the year ended December 31, 2016, from $2,828,366 for the year ended December 31, 2015. The increase was attributable to a legal settlement with an unrelated third party, pursuant to which we received €200,000 (which translates to approximately $221,440).

Expenses:

For the year ended December 31, 2016, depreciation expense on tangible assets amounted to $3,229 and no bad debt provision was recorded on the Group’s trade receivables.

In comparison, for the year ended December 31, 2015, bad debt provision on certain aged trade receivables accounted for a majority of the depreciation and bad debt provision ($9,814 out of a total of $12,974), followed by depreciation of tangible assets of $3,160. The decrease in the bad debt provision from 2015 to 2016 is due to the implementation of the Group’s proactive collection policy during 2016.

Approximately 27.45%, or approximately $0.62 million, of Other Expenses (which totaled approximately $2.25 million) in 2016 were comprised of professional and legal expenses, compared to 27.55%, or about $0.85 million, in 2015. The decrease in professional and legal expenses in 2016 is primarily due to the successful resolution of most of the Group’s legal disputes during 2015. Daily operating costs such as administrative, rent, staff, maintenance, insurance and travel costs account for approximately 54.56% (or approximately $1.23 million) of Other Expenses in 2016, compared to $1.94 million, or approximately 63.05%, of Other Expenses in 2015. The decrease in operating costs during 2016 was largely attributable to lower accrued compensation costs for the Group’s executive officers’ and directors’ during 2016. We incurred $370,040 of stock option expense in 2016, compared to $260,819 in 2015.

Balance Sheet

In connection with the acquisition of the Subsidiaries, we had approximately $35.94 million and $37.42 million of non-current assets at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Investment properties, whose fair values are calculated using a discounted cash flow method prepared by an independent qualified professional valuation expert, were valued at $35,786,053 at December 31, 2016, compared to $37,407,083 at December 31, 2015. The decrease in value is primarily due to (1) a decrease of 2.83% in the 2016 year-end Euro currency exchange rate, compared to the US Dollar from the prior year, and (2) a decrease in one investment property value due to the reduction in rent (step-down) each year as agreed upon with the tenant at the inception of the lease.

Current trade and other receivables at December 31, 2016 and 2015 were $756,940 and $842,879, respectively, net of the allowance for bad debt. The decrease in current trade and other receivables is a result of the Group’s proactive and steady collection policy implemented during 2016. Non-current trade and other receivables at December 31, 2016 and 2015 was $143,137 and $0, respectively, which consists of taxes receivable.

There was $55,393 and $134,574 of cash at December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

At December 31, 2016, the Company had total current and non-current borrowings amounting to approximately $25.32 million. Non-current loans and borrowings from various institutions amounted to $21.11 million and current loans and borrowings amounted to approximately $4.21 million. At December 31, 2015, the Company had total current and non-current borrowings amounting to approximately $26.81 million. Non-current loans and borrowings from various institutions amounted to $21.72 million and current loans and borrowings amounted to approximately $5.09 million. Loans and borrowings consist of bank loans, revolving lines of credit, finance leases, and other loans. Bank loans include both secured and unsecured bank loans. Secured bank loans are secured by the investment properties. In addition, some of the secured loans are further personally guaranteed by the former owners of the properties. The revolving line of credit is unsecured and personally guaranteed by the former owners of the properties. Non-current other loans consist of one loan from the current tenant of the property located on Via Lucania in Buccinasco. Current other loans consist of an interest bearing convertible promissory note with the underwriter from our initial public offering.

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In 2017, new Italian legislation amended the IRES rates from 27.5% to 24%, to be used for income tax calculations for accounting periods ended during the year 2016. At December 31, 2016, there was approximately $2.56 million in deferred tax liabilities, which was calculated using a tax rate of 24%, if the temporary difference is subject only to IRES (an Italian corporate income tax) rules, or 27.90% if the temporary difference is subject both to IRES and IRAP (an Italian regional production tax) rules. In comparison, there was approximately $2.76 million in deferred taxes liabilities at December 31, 2015, which was calculated using a tax rate of 27.5%, if the temporary difference is subject only to IRES rules, or 31.4% if the temporary difference is subject both to IRES and IRAP rules.

At December 31, 2016, the $5,914,549 of trade and other payables consisted largely of $2.79 million of accrued expenses incurred by Prime with its service providers, and trade account payables of $2.30 million incurred by the Subsidiaries. In 2015, the $5,372,684 of trade and other payables consisted largely of $2.86 million of accrued expenses incurred by Prime with its service providers, and trade accounts payables of $1.83 million incurred by the Subsidiaries.

At December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Group’s provisions were $40,208 and $170,342, respectively, which consists of post-employment benefits, tax liabilities and other provisions. The significant decrease was due to the reduction of other provisions in 2016 as a result of the settlement and payment of a legal dispute during 2016. The other provisions were estimated based on management’s evaluation of the amount at risk and legal considerations.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company had $58,143, $55,393 and $134,574 in cash at December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

The Company did not generate sufficient cash flow in 2017 from its operations to fund all interest and day-to-day expenses and therefore was not cash flow positive and required capital infusions to fund current operations. Principal sources of cash in 2017 were the issuance of debt instruments from the Company to a director of the Company. In the future, sources of cash may consist of a) the issuance of treasury shares in exchange for cash, b) exercise of warrants, c) disposition of real estate assets, d) the issuance of debt instruments, or a combination of the above four possibilities.

The Company may elect to, when market conditions are favorable, engage broker dealers to sell its securities from treasury to raise funding. However, management believes without improvements to the Company’s stock performance both in terms of price and trading volume, as well as the current operating conditions, this may not be a viable solution.

The Company also has over 6 million warrants outstanding, exercisable at $5.00 per common share. The warrants are exercisable if there is an effective registration statement or post-effective amendment covering the ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of the redeemable warrants. In addition, the Company can only call for the redemption of such warrants if the last sale price of its ordinary shares on the stock exchange equals or exceeds $15.00 per share for any 20 trading days within a 30 trading day period after the completion of the Business Combination. As of December 31, 2017, the warrants were not callable because the conditions for redemption were not satisfied. It is unlikely we will call the warrants in the near future.

On December 18, 2014, the Company sold Seba to Francesco Rotondi and Luca Failla in exchange for the return of 497,308 of the Company’s shares. Seba’s sole asset consisted of four floors of Corsa Europa 22, an office building in central Milan. As a result of this sale, the Company’s investment properties value was reduced by approximately 26%. However, Seba produced a net loss of $301,454 for 2014.

On July 7, 2015, the Company further sold SIM to Bell Real Estate S.r.l. (“Bell”), Cesare Lanati and Stefano Lanati (former owners of SIM) in exchange for the return of 220,000 of the Company’s shares. SIM’s sole asset consisted of the property located at Via Newton 9, Milan, Italy.

On November 10, 2017, the Company sold Nova to Francesco Rotondi and Giuseppe Pantaleo (its former owners) in exchange for the return of 53,828 of the Company’s shares. Nova’s sole asset consisted of two floors of Corso Europa 22, an office building in central Milan, Italy.

On February 8, 2018, the Company sold approximately 52% (approx. 2,246 sqm) of the via Lazio property for €1,850,000 (approximately $2,270,000 as of February 8, 2018).

On February 9, 2018, the Company entered into a contract offering an unrelated entity to purchase via Buozzi property for €150,000 (approx. US$183,390 as of February 9, 2018). This contract expires on December 31, 2018.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming the Group will continue as a going concern. The Group has incurred recurring operating losses, negative cash flows from operations, and has a working capital deficiency as of December 31, 2017. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern.

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While our real estate portfolio of nine properties as of December 31, 2017 in Italy did not generate positive cash flow, management believes that when the market conditions are more favorable, some of these properties may be sold. Although real estate transactions in the greater Milan area have improved during 2017 compared to 2016 and 2015, they have been relatively few when compared to pre-financial crisis levels, and an actual transaction may take longer than viable for the Company’s current needs.

The Company is seeking lenders who will finance the Company and has been financing current operations using loans from Diana Liu, one of its directors. These unsecured convertible loans carry an interest rate of 10% per annum, compounding annually. The loans mature on the earlier of (i) the date on which the Company liquidates and winds-up its affairs, or (ii) one year from the date of the loans. The convertible feature grants the payee the option to convert the principal sum and any unpaid interest for the lower of (1) pre-set conversion price per share, or (2) the price per share of the Company’s next round of financing. During 2015, 2016 and 2017, some of these loans reached maturity. The Company rolled-over these matured loans with an additional 10% to the principal for one year, with the same interest rate and terms as the original loans. As of April 30, 2018, a total of $4,924,281 in such loans have been issued to Ms. Liu since the inception of Prime. There is no assurance the Company will be successful in finding lenders to finance the Company at market rates or that such practice of funding the Company’s operations by Ms. Liu will continue.

The Company continues to seek additional capital and liquidity sources through investment bankers and potential investors. Management is currently in discussions with several funding sources for a combination of debt and equity financing. However, there can be no assurance the Group will be able to obtain funding from these sources.  

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.

Contractual Obligations

Our contractual obligations consist mainly of bank loans, revolving lines of credit and finance leases, and are expected to be repaid with our cash flow from operations.

Bank loans

Bank loans include both secured and unsecured bank loans. Certain bank loans are secured by the investment properties. In addition to using the investment properties as collateral, some of the loans are further personally guaranteed by the former owners of the properties.

As of December 31, 2017; all bank loan contracts provide for floating rates and expire within one year. No bank loan contracts are scheduled to expire after one year.

2017	Floating rate		Total
Expiry within 1 year	$	1,604,426	$	1,604,426
Expiry within 1 and 3 years		–		–
Expiry within 3 and 5 years		–		–
Expiry in more than 5 years		–		–
Total	$	1,604,426	$	1,604,426

As at December 31, 2017, the effective interest rate varies from EURIBOR+1.125% to EURIBOR+2.554%.

During 2014, one of the Subsidiaries missed certain scheduled repayments on a bank loan totaling $193,011 in principal and $22,680 in interest. Except for these missed scheduled repayments, the Group has been current on all scheduled repayments since the beginning of 2014. According to the applicable mortgage agreement, missing scheduled payments can cause the bank to request immediate repayment of the residual debt, totaling approximately $1,515,720 as of December 31, 2014. Management initiated negotiations with the bank to postpone repayment for 12 months in 2014. Separately, during 2014, one of our other Subsidiaries missed certain scheduled finance lease payments to the leasing department of the same bank. During 2017, the bank official denied the Group’s request and requested immediate repayment of the residual debt. As a result, Management has classified such residual debt as current loans and borrowings as of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015. On November 10, 2017, the Company ceased control of one of the affected subsidiaries resulting in the transfer of all the bank loans back to its prior owner.

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Revolving lines of credit

The Group has committed borrowing facilities available at December 31, 2017 as follows:

2017	Floating rate		Fixed rate		Total
Expiry within 1 year (current)	$	408,042	$	404,871	$	812,913
Total	$	408,042	$	404,871	$	812,913

The facilities expiring within 1 year are annual facilities subject to renewal at various dates. As at December 31, 2017, the effective interest rate varies from 8.025% to 12.97%.

The revolving lines of credit are unsecured, but personally guaranteed by the former owners of the properties. The total revolving lines of credit approved by the bank as of December 31, 2017 were $120,220. At December 31, 2017, the total balance of the revolving lines of credit were $118,694. At December 31, 2015, the Company had five lines of credit approved by the bank with an aggregate limit of $575,527. During 2016, two of the lines of credit were revoked and one of the lines of credit expired without a renewal contract (all from the same lender). The balance on these three lines of credit (all from the same lender), totaling $694,219, remained outstanding at December 31, 2017. As of the date of this report, the Company has initiated a legal dispute as the plaintiff with the lender to obtain the forfeiture of these outstanding balances due to the bank’s breach of contract and the unlawful accrual of interest on the amount in dispute. The Company and the lender are pursuing active negotiations on the position of these outstanding balances and during the negotiation, the outstanding balances are considered in default. However, there can be no assurance the Company can obtain the forfeiture of these outstanding balances.

Finance leases

Future lease payments are due as follows:

2017	Minimum lease payments		Interest		Present value
Not more than one year	$	2,180,616	$	1,049,434	$	1,131,182
Later than one year and not later than three years		3,888,281		1,870,521		1,980,576
Later than three year and not later than five years		3,347,921		1,360,704		1,987,217
Later than five years		16,296,170		3,115,542		13,180,628
Total	$	25,712,988	$	7,396,201	$	18,279,603

As at December 31, 2017, the effective interest rate varies from EURIBOR + 1.4% to EURIBOR+2.762%.

During 2014, four of the Subsidiaries missed certain scheduled payments to four finance lease creditors totaling approximately $244,234 in principal and $241,328 in interest as of December 31, 2014. Except for these missed scheduled payments, the Group has been current with all other scheduled payments since the beginning of 2014. Pursuant to the leasing agreements, the finance lease creditors have the right to declare the borrower in default in case of missing scheduled payments via official written notice and demand full payment of outstanding principal balance at the time of such default declaration. Management initiated negotiation with all the affected finance lease creditors for modification repayment plans on these missed payments in 2014. In the second quarter of 2015, the Group remitted all missed payments to one of the finance lease creditors and thus corrected the default.

During 2015, two of the three affected finance lease creditors granted the Group modification repayment plans. As of December 31, 2015, Management was still undergoing negotiations with the remaining affected finance lease creditor and could not provide assurance that this finance lease creditor would not decide to refuse granting the requested modification repayment plans to the Group. As a result, we classified this one residual finance lease as current loans and borrowings as of December 31, 2015. During 2016, the Group successfully obtained the approval from this finance lease creditor of a modification repayment plan. As a result, Management has not classified the full portion of this finance lease as current loans and borrowing as of December 31, 2017 and 2016.

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In addition, during 2016, one of the Subsidiaries missed certain scheduled payments to a finance lease creditor, but has since obtained the approval from this finance lease creditor of a modification repayment plan. As a result, Management has not classified the full portion of this affected finance lease as current loans and borrowing as of December 31, 2017 and 2016.

During 2017, the Group has been current with all scheduled lease payments and the repayment plans approved by the finance lease creditors.

Other loans

Non-current other loans consist of one loan from the current tenant of the property located on Via Lucania in Buccinasco. The loan proceeds were used for the modification of the property to the tenant’s specifications. The repayment of this loan will start in 2021 for a period of three years, and will offset the rent to be collected from the tenant. The effective interest rate is fixed at EURIBOR+1.90%.

Current other loans consist of an interest bearing convertible promissory note with the underwriters.

Immediately following the closing of the Business Combination on September 30, 2013, the Company entered into a promissory note with its underwriter, Chardan Capital Markets, LLC (“Chardan”) for the total remaining amount of $889,833 due to the underwriter, bearing interest at the rate of 5% per annum, maturing on December 31, 2013. If the note was not repaid by December 31, 2013, Chardan had the right to convert the note and accrued interest into ordinary shares at a price of $9.10 per share. In connection with the convertible right, $184,584 was allocated to the value of the beneficial conversion feature. As of December 31, 2013, the full amount of the beneficial conversion feature has been recorded as interest expense. As of the date of this report, the convertible right had not been exercised. On December 31, 2013 (the note’s maturity date), the Company was not able to repay the note. As a result of the payment default, an additional default interest rate of 10% per annum is added to the original 5% per annum interest rate starting December 31, 2013. Since inception of the notes and through April 30, 2018, $608,620 of interest expense has been recorded in connection with this note. George Kaufman, one of our directors, is an employee of Chardan Capital Markets. 

ITEM 6. DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES

A. Directors and Senior Management

Our current directors and executive officers are as follows:

Name	Age	Position
William Tsu-Cheng Yu	57	Interim Chief Executive Officer and Director
Amy Lau	44	Interim Chief Financial Officer
Diana Chia-Huei Liu	54	Chairman, Director
George Kaufman	42	Independent Director

William Tsu-Cheng Yu has been a director since inception and our Chief Financial Officer from inception until September 30, 2013 and has been our Interim Chief Executive Officer since May 8, 2014. Mr. Yu was our President from April 2010 until September 30, 2013. Mr. Yu served as Chief Financial Officer and as a director of AutoChina International Limited (OTCBB: AUTCF) from October 2007 through April 2009 (during which time it was known as Spring Creek Acquisition Corp., a blank check company formed to acquire and operating business). Since July 2000, Mr. Yu has served as the Managing Partner of Cansbridge Capital. From October 2007 until January 2010, Mr. Yu served as Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer of Optoplex Corporation, a communication networks company. Mr. Yu served as a director of Optoplex Corporation from April 2004 until January 2010. From July 2006 through October 2008, Mr. Yu served as a special advisor to the Chief Executive Officer of Optoplex Corporation. Mr. Yu served as a director of Abebooks, Inc., the world’s largest on-line used book seller, from 2001 to 2008, prior to its acquisition by Amazon.com (NASDAQ:AMZN). From February 2002 to August 2003, Mr. Yu served as the Chief Financial Officer to Telos Technology Corp., a supplier of wireless solutions for voice and data communication networks (acquired by UT Starcom (NASDAQ: UTSI) in 2004). Mr. Yu co-founded Intrinsyc Software Inc. (TSE: ICS), a TSE-listed embedded software company, and served in various capacities including director, Chief Financial Officer, Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer from July 1996 to November 2002. From August 1994 to May 1996, Mr. Yu was an associate in the Asia Pacific corporate finance group of Marleau, Lemire Securities, Inc., an investment banking firm headquartered in Montreal, Canada. From July 1991 to August 1994, Mr. Yu was an investment portfolio manager at Discovery Enterprises Inc., a provincial-government sponsored venture capital fund. Mr. Yu also previously worked with China-Canada Investment and Development and the Lawson Mardon Group. He has also served in various Board-level capacities with the Monte Jade Science and Technology Association, a non-profit organization supporting entrepreneurship and investment in technology companies in North America and Asia. Mr. Yu earned a BS in Mechanical Engineering with Honors and an MBA with Honors from Queen’s University in Canada. He serves as a member of the International Advisory Board of the Smith School of Business at Queen’s University. Mr. Yu is married to Ms. Diana Liu, our Chairman and a director.

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Amy Lau has been our Interim Chief Financial Officer since May 8, 2014. Ms. Lau is a Certified Management Accountant and previously served as a financial consultant to the Company from its inception in 2010 until September 2013. From 2007 to 2010, she served as controller at Optoplex Corp., an optic fiber component company based in Silicon Valley, CA. From 2008 to 2009, she served as a financial consultant to Spring Creek Acquisition Corp., a blank check company. In addition, Ms. Lau has been serving as the Director of Outsourced Services at Morling & Company, a financial services firm based in San Francisco, since April 2014.

Diana Chia-Huei Liu was our Chief Executive Officer and a director from our inception until September 30, 2013 and has been a director since May 5, 2014. Ms. Liu was also our President from inception until April 2010. Ms. Liu served as President of AutoChina International Limited (OTCBB: AUTCF) from its inception to April 9, 2009 (during which time it was known as Spring Creek Acquisition Corp., a blank check company formed to acquire an operating business), and currently serves as a director. Ms. Liu has served as the President of Cansbridge Capital Corp., a private investment firm specializing in early stage investments along the west coast of North America (namely U.S. and Canada) and Asia, since August 1998. Prior to Cansbridge, Ms. Liu served as the Executive Vice-President at Polaris Securities Group (TW: 6011), an investment firm in Taiwan, where she founded and managed its North American operations from April 1994 to August 1998. From August 1991 to April 1994, Ms. Liu was an account portfolio manager in global private banking at the Royal Bank of Canada (NYSE:RY), a full service banking firm. From October 1988 to August 1991, Ms. Liu served as the regional sales manager for the province of British Columbia, Canada, at CIBC Securities, a subsidiary of CIBC (NYSE:CM), a full service banking firm, where she founded and managed the mutual funds promotion division. Ms. Liu has served since June 2006 as a member of the Executive Committee and the Chair of the Investment Committee at the Asia Pacific Foundation, a Canadian federal government created think tank and policy advisory board where she works closely with the co-CEOs on operational issues and investment of its endowment funds. In addition, she also served as a director of the Vancouver Goh Ballet Society and BaySpec, Inc., a supplier of optical components based in Fremont, California. Ms. Liu graduated with a BA in economics from the University of British Columbia in Canada. Ms. Liu is married to Mr. William Yu, our Interim Chief Executive Officer and a director.

George Kaufman was a director from March 2012 until September 30, 2013 and has been a director since May 5, 2014. Mr. Kaufman has served as the Managing Director of Investment Banking for Chardan Capital Markets, LLC, a New York based broker/dealer, since January 2006 and served as an Investment Banking Associate for Chardan from November 2004, when he joined the firm, to December 2005. As one of the seven original members of Chardan, Mr. Kaufman established the investment banking, brokerage and marketing protocols and standards. He has extensive experience with operating and development stage companies, having lead and/or managed over 30 public and private transactions. In addition, Mr. Kaufman founded Detroit Coffee Company, LLC, a national roaster, wholesaler and retail distributor of high-end specialty coffees in January 2002 and currently serves as its chief executive officer. Since June 2009, Mr. Kaufman has also served as a director of China Networks International Holdings Ltd. (OTCBB: CNWHF), a broadcast television advertising company based in China. Mr. Kaufman received a Bachelor of Arts degree in Economics from the University of Vermont in 1999.

B. Compensation

Director and Executive Compensation

Director Compensation

The Board of Directors did not receive compensation or stock option grants for their services in 2017.

Executive Compensation

Overview of our Executive Compensation

On April 15, 2016, the Company granted William Yu, our Interim Chief Executive Officer, 100,000 stock options at an exercise price of $2.94 per share for services rendered in 2015. 60% of the stock options vested immediately, with the remaining portion vesting over 14 months following the grant date. The fair value of the options granted using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model was $88,400. Mr. Yu received no compensation for services rendered during 2017.

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Amy Lau, our Interim Chief Financial Officer is paid a monthly fee of $2,000. In January, 2016, we granted Ms. Lau 10,000 stock options at an exercise price of $0.01 per share, which vested immediately. The fair value of the options granted in January 2016, using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, was $35,407. In addition, on April 15, 2016, the Company granted 30,000 stock options at an exercise price of $2.94 per share to Ms. Lau for services provided in 2015. The stock options vest monthly for 18 months from the grant date. The fair value of the options granted in April 2016, using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, was $26,520. The Company did not accrue any compensation for Ms. Lau as of December 31, 2017 and 2016.

Share Options

Our board of directors has approved the grant of options to purchase up to 220,000 of our ordinary shares to our directors, employees, and consultants from time to time, with such terms and conditions as our officers may establish. Such option grants are governed by individual grant agreements and stock restriction agreements as determined by our board of directors, and may be subject to either time-based or performance-based vesting provisions. Our board of directors has the authority to amend, alter, suspend or terminate our right to grant such share options without the consent of our shareholders within the 220,000 options limit. Accordingly, such options may dilute the equity interest of our shareholders. In September 2015 and April 2016, our board of directors approved the grant of up to an additional 280,000 and 200,000 options, respectively, bringing the total number of options that may be granted to 700,000. As of the date hereof, 568,000 options have been granted since inception and 132,000 options are currently available for grant.

Employment Agreements

We do not currently have employment agreements with any of our officers.

Pension Benefits

None of our named executives participates in or have account balances in qualified or nonqualified defined benefit plans sponsored by us.

Nonqualified Deferred Compensation

None of our named executives participates in or have account balances in nonqualified defined contribution plans or other deferred compensation plans maintained by us.

Potential Payments upon Termination or Change in Control

None of our named executives is entitled to any payments upon termination or change in control of our company.

C. Board Practices

Board Committees

Given its small size, our board of directors has no committees.

Director Independence

Our board of directors has determined that George Kaufman qualifies as an independent director under the Nasdaq Marketplace Rules because he is not currently employed by us, and does not fall into any of the enumerated categories of people who cannot be considered independent in the Nasdaq Marketplace Rules.

D. Employees

We currently have three employees in two of our subsidiaries in Italy who perform certain administrative services for us.

E. Share Ownership

See Item 7, below.

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ITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

A. Major Shareholders

The following table sets forth information with respect to the beneficial ownership, within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act, of our ordinary shares, as of April 20, 2018:

· each person known to us to own beneficially more than 5% of our ordinary shares;

· each of our directors and executive officers; and

· all of our directors and executive officers as a group.

Beneficial ownership includes voting or investment power with respect to the securities and takes into consideration options exercisable by a person within 60 days after the date of this report. Except as indicated below, and subject to applicable community property laws, the persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all ordinary shares shown as beneficially owned by them.

Name and Address (1)	Number of Shares  Beneficially Owned			Percentage of Ownership (2)
Diana Chia-Huei Liu		2,511,639	(3)		66.46%
William Tsu-Cheng Yu		2,511,639	(3)		66.46%
Amy Lau		75,500	(4)		3.83%
George Kaufman		136,250	(5)		6.70%
All directors and executive officers as a group (4 individuals)		2,723,389			68.24%
Yong Hui Li		853,391	(6)		33.16%
Bell Real Estate S.r.l.		582,499			30.60%
Puway Limited		341,357	(7)		15.72%
Brudders Capital		225,000	(8)		11.82%
Chardan Capital Markets		240,000	(9)		11.20%

(1)	Unless otherwise noted, the business address for each of our beneficial owners is No. 322, Zhongshan East Road; Shijiazhuang; Hebei Province; 050011, China.
(2)	Based on 1,903,723 ordinary shares outstanding as of April 20, 2018. Beneficial ownership includes voting or investment power with respect to the securities and takes into consideration options exercisable by a person on April 20, 2018.
(3)	Consists of (i) 220,275 ordinary shares held by Diana Liu, (ii) 225,000 ordinary shares held by Brudders Capital, of which Diana Liu is the sole owner and director, (iii) 127,266 ordinary shares held by William Yu, (iv) 63,632 ordinary shares held by Conrad Yu and Byron Yu, (v) 886,942 shares issuable upon exercise of warrants owned by Ms. Liu, (vi) 724,892 shares issuable upon exercise of warrants owned by Mr. Yu, and (vii) 63,632 shares issuable upon exercise of warrants owned by Conrad Yu and Byron Yu. Diana Liu and William Yu are married, and Conrad Yu and Byron Yu are the sons of Diana Liu and William Yu, (viii) 100,000 stock options exercisable by William Yu and 100,000 stock options exercisable by Diana Liu.
(4)	Consists of (i) 5,500 ordinary shares, and (ii) 60,000 shares issuable upon exercise of options.
(5)	Consists of (i) 5,000 ordinary shares, and (ii) 150,000 shares issuable upon exercise of options.
(6)	Consists of (i) 183,562 ordinary shares, and (ii) 669,829 shares issuable upon exercise of warrants owned by Mr. Li.
(7)	Puway Capital is controlled by Gary Chang.
(8)	Diana Liu is the sole officer and director of Brudders Capital.
(9)	Kerry Propper has voting and dispositive power over the securities owned by Chardan Capital Markets.

As of April 20, 2018, 3.04% of our outstanding ordinary shares are held by 6 record holders in the United States.

B. Related Party Transactions

Concurrently with the Company’s IPO in 2010, the Company issued to Chardan Capital Markets, LLC, the representative of the underwriters of the Company’s IPO as additional compensation, for a purchase price of $100, a unit purchase option to purchase 215,000 units for $12.00 per unit. The units issuable upon exercise of this option were identical to those sold in the IPO, except for some differences in redemption rights. The unit purchase option was exercisable at any time, in whole or in part, commencing on the consummation of the Company’s initial business combination, including the Business Combination, and expired on March 24, 2016. George Kaufman, our director, is an employee of Chardan Capital Markets.

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The holders of the founders’ units (including the founders’ shares and founders’ warrants, and the ordinary shares underlying the founders’ warrants), as well as the holders of the placement warrants (and underlying securities), are entitled to registration rights pursuant to an agreement signed at the time of the Company’s IPO. The holders of the majority of these securities are entitled to make up to two demands that the Company register such securities. The holders of the founders’ units can elect to exercise these registration rights at any time commencing three months prior to the date on which these ordinary shares are to be released from escrow. The holders of a majority of the placement warrants (or underlying securities) can elect to exercise these registration rights at any time after the Business Combination. In addition, the holders have certain “piggy-back” registration rights with respect to registration statements filed subsequent to the Company’s consummation of a business combination, including the Business Combination. The Company will bear the expenses incurred in connection with the filing of any such registration statements, except that in no event will Chardan Capital Markets, LLC have more than one demand registration right at the Company’s expense. A registration statement relating to the resale of these shares was declared effective by the SEC on September 29, 2016.

The Company agreed to pay to Kaiyuan Real Estate Development a total of $7,500 per month for office space, administrative services and secretarial support for a period commencing on March 24, 2011 and ending on the earlier of the Company’s consummation of a business combination, including the Business Combination, or the Company’s liquidation. Kaiyuan Real Estate Development is an affiliate of Mr. Yong Hui Li, the Company’s Chairman. This arrangement was agreed to by Kaiyuan Real Estate Development for the Company’s benefit and is not intended to provide Mr. Li compensation. From February 1, 2012 until January 31, 2013, the Company secured approximately 150 sq. foot of additional office space, administrative services and secretarial support in Taipei, Taiwan. Fees for the additional office space, administrative services and secretarial support were included in the $7,500 monthly fee paid to Kaiyuan. This arrangement terminated upon completion of the Business Combination. As of December 31, 2013, the Company owed Kaiyuan an aggregate of $203,312 under this arrangement. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the outstanding amount was forgiven by Kaiyuan and is no longer due.

Diana Liu and William Yu loaned us an aggregate of $4,015,000 to fund the Company’s working capital requirements since the initial public offering as well as certain reimbursable expenses incurred on behalf of the Company. Such loans did not bear interest prior to the Business Combination, but currently bear interest at a rate of 10% per annum with convertible features and are repayable on demand or at maturity. During 2017, 2016 and 2015, certain such loans reached their maturity. Diana Liu and William Yu have renewed these matured loans along with the accrued and unpaid interest in the amount of $909,281 to a future date. These new notes bear the same 10% per annum interest rate with convertible features. As of April 30, 2018, the Company owed Ms. Liu an aggregate of $6,086,293 including $1,162,012 of interest.

Immediately following the closing of the Business Combination on September 30, 2013, the Company entered into an interest-bearing promissory note with its underwriter, Chardan Capital Markets, LLC for the total remaining amount of $889,833 due to the underwriter, at the rate of 5% per annum, maturing on December 31, 2013. If the note was not repaid by December 31, 2013, Chardan had the right to convert the note and accrued interest into ordinary shares at a price of $9.10 per share. In connection with the convertible right, $184,584 was allocated to the value of the beneficial conversion feature. As of December 31, 2013, full amount of the beneficial conversion feature has been recorded as interest expense. As of the date of this report, the convertible right had not been exercised. On December 31, 2013 (the note’s maturity date), the Company was not able to repay the note. As a result of the payment default, an additional default interest rate of 10% per annum is added to the original 5% per annum interest rate starting December 31, 2013. As of April 30, 2018, $608,619 of interest expense has been recorded in connection with this note. George Kaufman, one of our directors, is an employee of Chardan Capital Markets.

Mr. Cesare Lanati (one of the sellers of the subsidiaries and a current shareholder of the Group) performed maintenance and other services for the Group’s investment properties. The Group leases office and parking spaces to Lanati and pays certain expenses on Lanati’s behalf. In July 2015, the Group reached various offsetting agreements with Lanati on offsetting of certain receivables (due from Lanati) and payables (due to Lanati). The total amount offset in July 2015 was $1,544,265 (see Consolidated Financial Statements Note 15 — Trade and Other Receivables, and Note 22 — Trade and Other Payables).

All ongoing and future transactions between the Company and any of the Company’s executive officers and directors or their respective affiliates, including loans by the Company’s directors or any forgiveness of loans, will require prior approval in each instance by a majority of the Company’s disinterested directors, who had access, at the Company’s expense, to the Company’s attorneys or independent legal counsel.

C. Interests of Experts and Counsel

Not required.

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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information.

See Item 18.

B. Significant Changes.

None.

ITEM 9. THE OFFER AND LISTING

A. Offer and Listing Details.

Prime’s ordinary shares, warrants and units have been traded on the OTC market since October 11, 2013, under the symbols “PACQF,” “PAQWF” and “PAQUF,” respectively. Each of Prime’s units consists of one ordinary share and one warrant, each to purchase an additional share of Prime’s ordinary shares. Prime’s units commenced to trade on Nasdaq Stock Market on March 24, 2011. Prime’s ordinary shares and warrants commenced to trade separately from its units on March 25, 2011. Prime’s securities were delisted from the Nasdaq Stock Market on October 10, 2013 due to failure to meet the minimum requirement of 300 shareholders.

The following tables set forth, for the periods indicated, the high and low sale prices for our shares, warrants and units, respectively.

	Units				Ordinary Shares				Warrants
	High		Low		High		Low		High		Low
Annual Highs and Lows
2013		17.95		1.03		17.50		2.00		0.93		0.10
2014		2.06		1.03		8.50		1.25		0.51		0.01
2015		3.25		1.40		4.00		1.75		0.10		0.01
2016		3.00		2.01		3.55		1.80		0.06		0.02
2017		2.01		2.01		1.98		1.30		0.02		0.01
2018 (through April 20, 2018)		2.01		2.01		1.98		0.75		0.04		0.01
Fiscal Quarterly Highs and Lows 2016
First Quarter		3.00		2.01		3.55		2.94		0.55		0.04
Second Quarter		2.01		2.01		2.94		2.94		0.05		0.04
Third Quarter		2.01		2.01		2.94		2.30		0.45		0.04
Fourth Quarter		2.01		2.01		2.34		1.80		0.04		0.02
Fiscal Quarterly Highs and Lows 2017
First Quarter		2.01		2.01		1.80		1.80		0.02		0.17
Second Quarter		2.01		2.01		1.80		1.30		0.02		0.02
Third Quarter		2.01		2.01		1.70		1.30		0.02		0.01
Fourth Quarter		2.01		2.01		1.98		1.50		0.02		0.01
Fiscal Quarterly Highs and Lows 2018
First Quarter		2.01		2.01		1.98		0.75		0.04		0.01
Monthly Highs and Lows
November 2017		2.01		2.01		1.93		1.50		0.02		0.02
December 2017		2.01		2.01		1.98		1.68		0.02		0.01
January 2018		2.01		2.01		1.98		0.75		0.01		0.01
February 2018		2.01		2.01		0.75		0.75		0.04		0.01
March 2018		2.01		2.01		1.02		0.75		0.04		0.03
April 2018 (through April 20, 2018)		2.01		2.01		1.02		1.02		0.03		0.03

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B. Plan of Distribution

Not Required.

C. Markets

Prime’s ordinary shares, warrants and units have been traded on the OTC market since October 11, 2013, under the symbols “PACQF,” “PAQWF” and “PAQUF,” respectively. Each of Prime’s units consists of one ordinary share and one warrant, each to purchase an additional share of Prime’s ordinary shares. Prime’s units commenced to trade on Nasdaq Stock Market on March 24, 2011. Prime’s ordinary shares and warrants commenced to trade separately from its units on March 25, 2011. Prime’s securities were delisted from the Nasdaq Stock Market on October 10, 2013.

D. Selling Shareholders

Not Required.

E. Dilution

Not Required.

F. Expenses of the Issue

Not Required.

ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

A. Share Capital

As of December 31, 2017, we had a total of 50,000,000 authorized ordinary shares at $0.001 par value, of which 2,043,351 ordinary shares were issued and 1,903,723 shares were outstanding (with 139,628 shares as treasury shares).

We have issued warrants to purchase 6,733,292 ordinary shares, options to purchase 568,000 ordinary shares as of December 31, 2017.

B. Memorandum and Articles of Association

Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association

Registered Office. Under our Amended and Restated Memorandum of Association, our Registered Office is located at the offices of Codan Trust Company (Cayman) Limited, Cricket Square, Hutchins Drive, PO Box 2681, Grand Cayman, KY1-1111, Cayman Islands.

Objects and Purposes. Under Article 3 of our Amended and Restated Memorandum of Association, the objects for which we are established are unrestricted.

Directors. Under Article 94 of our Articles of Association, no contract or transaction between us and one or more of our Directors (an “Interested Director”) or officers, or between us and any of their affiliates (an “Interested Transaction”), will be void or voidable solely for this reason, or solely because the director or officer is present at or participates in the meeting of our board or committee which authorizes the contract or transaction, or solely because any such director’s or officer’s votes are counted for such purpose, if:

(a) The material facts as to the director’s or officer’s relationship or interest and as to the contract or transaction are disclosed or are known to the our board of directors or the committee, and the board or committee in good faith authorizes the contract or transaction by the affirmative votes of a majority of the disinterested directors, even though the disinterested directors be less than a quorum; or

(b) The material facts as to the director’s or officer’s relationship or interest and as to the contract or transaction are disclosed or are known to our shareholders entitled to vote thereon, and the contract or transaction is specifically approved in good faith by vote of our shareholders; or

(c) The contract or transaction is fair as to us as of the time it is authorized, approved or ratified, by the board, a committee or the shareholders.

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A majority of independent directors must vote in favor of any Interested Transaction and determine that the terms of the Interested Transaction are no less favorable to us than those that would be available to us with respect to such a transaction from unaffiliated third parties.

Our board shall review and approve all payments made to the founders, officers, directors, and their respective affiliates.

Rights, Preferences and Restrictions Attaching to our ordinary shares. We are authorized to issue 50,000,000 ordinary shares, par value $0.001. As of the date of this report, 2,043,351 ordinary shares are issued and 1,903,723 shares are outstanding (with 139,628 shares as treasury shares). Each share has the right to one vote at a meeting of shareholders or on any resolution of shareholders, the right to an equal share in any dividend paid by us, and the right to an equal share in the distribution of surplus assets. We may by a resolution of the board of directors redeem our ordinary shares for such consideration as the board of directors determines.

Alteration of Rights. If, at any time, our share capital is divided into different classes of shares, the rights attached to any class (unless otherwise provided by the terms of issue of the shares of that class) may, whether or not we are being wound-up, be varied with the consent in writing of the holders of three-fourths of the issued shares of that class or with the sanction of a resolution passed by a majority of the votes cast at a separate general meeting of the holders of the shares of the class at which meeting the necessary quorum shall be two persons at least holding or representing by proxy one-third of the issued shares of the class.

Meetings. Our annual meeting may be held at such time and place as their chairman or any two directors or any director and the secretary or the board of directors shall appoint. The chairman or any two directors or any director and the secretary or the board of directors may convene an extraordinary general meeting whenever in their judgment such a meeting is necessary. At least 10 clear days’ notice of an annual meeting shall be given to each shareholder entitled to attend and vote thereat, stating the date, place, and time at which the meeting is to be held, and if different, the record date for determining shareholders entitled to attend and vote at the annual meeting, and, if practicable, the other business to be conducted at the meeting. At least 10 clear days’ notice of an extraordinary general meeting shall be given to each shareholder entitled to attend and vote thereat, stating the date, place, and time at which the meeting is to be held, and the general nature of the business to be considered at the meeting. A meeting shall, notwithstanding the fact that it is called on shorter notice than otherwise required, be deemed to have been properly called if it is so agreed by (i) all of the shareholders entitled to attend and vote thereat in the case of an annual meeting, and (ii) 75% of the shareholders entitled to attend and vote thereat in the case of an extraordinary general meeting. The accidental omission to give notice of a meeting to, or the non-receipt of a notice of a meeting by, any person entitled to receive notice shall not invalidate the proceedings at that meeting.

Limitations on the Right to Own Securities. There are no limitations on the rights to own our securities, or limitations on the rights of non-resident or foreign shareholders to hold or exercise voting rights on our securities, contained in our Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association (or under Cayman Islands law).

C. Material Contracts

On February 8, 2018, the Company closed on the sale of a portion (approximately 52%, which translates to approximately 2,246 sqm of gross leasable area) of the via Lazio building owned by the Subsidiary Ellegi, an office property in southwest Milan, for €1.85 million (approximately US$2.27 million as of February 8, 2018). The remaining portion of the building is 100% occupied subsequent to the sale.

Separately, on February 8, 2018, the Company also announced that it entered into a contract pursuant to which an unrelated entity could purchase the via Buozzi property for €150,000 (approx. US$183,390 as of February 9, 2018). This contract expires on December 31, 2018. The via Buozzi building is an office property located approximately five miles from the via Lazio building and is also owned by Ellegi.

D. Exchange controls

Under Cayman Islands law, there are currently no restrictions on the export or import of capital, including foreign exchange controls or restrictions that affect the remittance of dividends, interest or other payments to nonresident holders of our shares.

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E. Taxation

The following summary of the material Cayman Islands and U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in our units, ordinary shares and redeemable warrants to acquire our ordinary shares, sometimes referred to individually or collectively in this summary as our “securities,” is based upon laws and relevant interpretations thereof in effect as of the date of this report, all of which are subject to change. This summary does not deal with all possible tax consequences relating to an investment in our securities, such as the tax consequences under state, local and other tax laws.

Cayman Islands Taxation

The Government of the Cayman Islands will not, under existing legislation, impose any income, corporate or capital gains tax, estate duty, inheritance tax, gift tax or withholding tax upon us or our security holders. The Cayman Islands are not party to any double taxation treaties.

No Cayman Islands stamp duty will be payable by our security holders in respect of the issue or transfer of our securities. However, an instrument transferring title to our securities, if brought to or executed in the Cayman Islands, would be subject to Cayman Islands stamp duty.

We have received an undertaking from the Governor-in-Cabinet of the Cayman Islands that, in accordance with section 6 of the Tax Concessions Law (1999 Revision) of the Cayman Islands, for a period of 20 years from the date of the undertaking, no law which is enacted in the Cayman Islands imposing any tax to be levied on profits, income, gains or appreciations shall apply to us or our operations and, in addition, that no tax to be levied on profits, income, gains or appreciations or which is in the nature of estate duty or inheritance tax shall be payable (i) on our securities, debentures or other obligations or (ii) by way of the withholding in whole or in part in connection with the payment of a dividend or other distribution of income or capital by us to our security holders or a payment by us of principal or interest or other sums due under a debenture or other obligation.

United States Federal Income Taxation

General

The following is a summary of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences to an investor of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our securities.

Because the components of a unit are separable at the option of the holder, the holder of a unit generally should be treated, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as the owner of the underlying ordinary share and one redeemable warrant components of the unit, as the case may be. As a result, the discussion below of the U.S. federal income tax consequences with respect to actual holders of ordinary shares and redeemable warrants should also apply to holders of units (as the deemed owners of the underlying ordinary shares and redeemable warrants which comprise the units).

The discussion below of the U.S. federal income tax consequences to “U.S. Holders” will apply to a beneficial owner of our securities that is for U.S. federal income tax purposes:

· an individual citizen or resident of the United States;

· a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation) that is created or organized (or treated as created or organized) in or under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia;

· an estate whose income is includible in gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes regardless of its source; or

· a trust if (i) a U.S. court can exercise primary supervision over the trust’s administration and one or more U.S. persons are authorized to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (ii) it has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person.

If a beneficial owner of our securities is not described as a U.S. Holder and is not an entity treated as a partnership or other pass-through entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes, such owner will be considered a “Non-U.S. Holder.” The material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our securities applicable specifically to Non-U.S. Holders are described below under the heading “Non-U.S. Holders.”

This summary is based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the “Code,” its legislative history, Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder, published rulings and court decisions, all as currently in effect. These authorities are subject to change or differing interpretations, possibly on a retroactive basis.

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This discussion does not address all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be relevant to any particular holder based on such holder’s individual circumstances. In particular, this discussion considers only holders that own and hold our securities as capital assets within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Code, and does not address the alternative minimum tax. In addition, this discussion does not address the U.S. federal income tax consequences to holders that are subject to special rules, including:

· financial institutions or financial services entities;

· broker-dealers;

· persons that are subject to the mark-to-market accounting rules under Section 475 of the Code;

· tax-exempt entities;

· governments or agencies or instrumentalities thereof;

· insurance companies;

· regulated investment companies;

· real estate investment trusts;

· certain expatriates or former long-term residents of the United States;

· persons that actually or constructively own 5 percent or more of our voting shares;

· persons that acquired our securities pursuant to the exercise of employee share options, in connection with employee share incentive plans or otherwise as compensation;

· persons that hold our securities as part of a straddle, constructive sale, hedging, conversion or other integrated transaction;

· persons whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar;

· controlled foreign corporations; or

· passive foreign investment companies.

This discussion does not address any aspect of U.S. federal non-income tax laws, such as gift or estate tax laws, or state, local or non-U.S. tax laws or, except as discussed herein, any tax reporting obligations applicable to a holder of our securities. Additionally, this discussion does not consider the tax treatment of partnerships or other pass-through entities or persons who hold our securities through such entities. If a partnership (or other entity classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) is the beneficial owner of our securities, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner in the partnership generally will depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. This discussion also assumes that any distributions made (or deemed made) by us on our ordinary shares and any consideration received (or deemed received) by a holder in consideration for the sale or other disposition of our securities will be in U.S. dollars.

We have not sought, and will not seek, a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service, or “IRS,” or an opinion of counsel as to any U.S. federal income tax consequence described herein. The IRS may disagree with the description herein, and its determination may be upheld by a court. Moreover, there can be no assurance that future legislation, regulations, administrative rulings or court decisions will not adversely affect the accuracy of the statements in this discussion.

On December 22, 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “TCJA”) was signed into law.  This legislation significantly changes U.S. tax law by, among other things, lowering corporate income tax rates, implementing a territorial tax system and imposing a repatriation tax on deemed repatriated earnings of foreign subsidiaries.  The TCJA permanently reduces the U.S. corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018.  The Company has not analyzed how the TJCA changes could impact U.S. federal income taxation that may be relevant to any particular holder based on such holder’s individual circumstances.

THIS DISCUSSION IS ONLY A SUMMARY OF THE MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THE ACQUISITION, OWNERSHIP AND DISPOSITION OF OUR SECURITIES. EACH PROSPECTIVE INVESTOR IN OUR SECURITIES IS URGED TO CONSULT ITS OWN TAX ADVISOR WITH RESPECT TO THE PARTICULAR TAX CONSEQUENCES TO SUCH INVESTOR OF THE ACQUISITION, OWNERSHIP AND DISPOSITION OF OUR SECURITIES, INCLUDING THE APPLICABILITY AND EFFECT OF ANY STATE, LOCAL, AND NON-U.S. TAX LAWS, AS WELL AS U.S. FEDERAL TAX LAWS AND ANY APPLICABLE TAX TREATIES.

Allocation of Purchase Price and Characterization of a Unit

While not free from doubt, each unit should be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as an investment unit consisting of one ordinary share and one redeemable warrant to acquire one ordinary share. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, each holder of a unit must allocate the purchase price of a unit between the ordinary share and the redeemable warrant that comprise the unit based on the relative fair market value of each at the time of acquisition. The price allocated to the ordinary share or to the redeemable warrant will be the holder’s tax basis in such share or redeemable warrant, as the case may be.

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Each holder is advised to consult its own tax advisor with respect to the risks associated with an investment in a unit (including alternative characterizations of a unit or the components thereof) and regarding the risks associated with an allocation of the purchase price between the ordinary share and the redeemable warrant that comprise a unit. The balance of this discussion assumes that our characterization of the units (and the components thereof) and any allocation of the purchase price as described above are respected for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

U.S. Holders

Taxation of Cash Distributions Paid on Ordinary Shares

Subject to the passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”) rules discussed below, a U.S. Holder generally will be required to include in gross income as ordinary income the amount of any cash dividend paid on our ordinary shares. A cash distribution on our shares generally will be treated as a dividend for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the extent paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles). Such dividend generally will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction generally allowed to domestic corporations in respect of dividends received from other domestic corporations. The portion of such distribution, if any, in excess of such earnings and profits generally will constitute a return of capital that will be applied against and reduce (but not below zero) the U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in such ordinary shares. Any remaining excess generally will be treated as gain from the sale or other taxable disposition of such ordinary shares and will be treated as described under “Taxation on the Disposition of Ordinary Shares and Redeemable Warrants” below.

With respect to non-corporate U.S. Holders, such dividends may be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the lower applicable long-term capital gains tax rate (see “ Taxation on the Disposition of Ordinary Shares and Redeemable Warrants” below) provided that (1) such shares are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States, (2) we are not a PFIC, as discussed below, for either the taxable year in which the dividend was paid or the preceding taxable year, and (3) certain holding period requirements are met. Under published IRS authority, shares are considered for purposes of clause (1) above to be readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States only if they are listed on certain exchanges, which presently do not include the OTC market. Because our ordinary shares are currently listed and traded only on the OTC market, any dividends paid on such shares are not expected to qualify for the lower rate. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the availability of the lower rate for any cash dividends paid with respect to our ordinary shares.

Possible Constructive Distributions

The terms of each redeemable warrant provide for an adjustment to the number of shares for which the redeemable warrant may be exercised or to the exercise price of the redeemable warrant in certain events. An adjustment which has the effect of preventing dilution generally is not taxable. However, the U.S. Holders of the redeemable warrants would be treated as receiving a constructive distribution from us if, for example, the adjustment increases the redeemable warrant holders’ proportionate interest in our assets or earnings and profits (e.g., through an increase in the number of ordinary shares that would be obtained upon exercise) as a result of a distribution of cash to the holders of our ordinary shares which is taxable to the U.S. Holders of such ordinary shares as described under “— Taxation of Cash Distributions Paid on Ordinary Shares” above. Such constructive distribution would be subject to tax as described under that section in the same manner as if the U.S. Holders of the redeemable warrants received a cash distribution from us equal to the fair market value of such increased interest.

Taxation on the Disposition of Ordinary Shares and Redeemable Warrants

Upon a sale or other taxable disposition of our ordinary shares or redeemable warrants (which, in general, would include a distribution in connection with our liquidation or a redemption of ordinary shares, as described in “Taxation on the Redemption of Ordinary Shares” below, or a redemption of redeemable warrants), and subject to the PFIC rules discussed below, a U.S. Holder generally will recognize capital gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized and the U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in the ordinary shares or redeemable warrants. See “Exercise or Lapse of Redeemable Warrants” below for a discussion regarding a U.S. Holder’s basis in the ordinary shares acquired pursuant to the exercise of redeemable warrants.

The regular U.S. federal income tax rate on capital gains recognized by U.S. Holders generally is the same as the regular U.S. federal income tax rate on ordinary income, except that long-term capital gains recognized by non-corporate U.S. Holders are generally subject to U.S. federal income tax at a maximum regular rate of 20%. Capital gain or loss will constitute long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the ordinary shares or redeemable warrants exceeds one year. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to various limitations.

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Taxation on the Redemption of Ordinary Shares

In the event that a U.S. Holder receives cash pursuant to a redemption of its ordinary shares, the redemption generally will be treated as a sale of our ordinary shares, rather than as a distribution. The redemption, however, will be treated as a distribution and taxed as described in “— Taxation of Cash Distributions Paid on Ordinary Shares,” above, if (i) the redemption is “essentially equivalent to a dividend” (meaning that the U.S. Holder’s percentage ownership in us (including shares the U.S. Holder is deemed to own under certain constructive ownership rules, which provide, among other things, that the U.S. Holder is deemed to own any shares that it holds a warrant to acquire) after the redemption is not meaningfully reduced from what its percentage ownership in us (including constructive ownership) was prior to the redemption), (ii) the redemption is not “substantially disproportionate” as to that U.S. Holder (“substantially disproportionate” meaning, among other requirements, that the percentage of our outstanding voting shares owned (including constructive ownership) by such holder immediately following the redemption is less than 80% of that percentage owned (including constructive ownership) by such holder immediately before the redemption), and (iii) the redemption does not result in a “complete termination” of the U.S. Holder’s interest in us (taking into account certain constructive ownership rules). If the U.S. Holder had a relatively minimal interest in our ordinary shares and, taking into account the effect of redemptions by other shareholders, its percentage ownership (including constructive ownership) in us is reduced as a result of the redemption, such holder generally should be regarded as having a meaningful reduction in interest. For example, the IRS has indicated in a published ruling that even a small reduction in the proportionate interest of a small minority shareholder in a publicly held corporation who exercises no control over corporate affairs may constitute such a “meaningful reduction.” A U.S. Holder should consult with its own tax advisors as to the U.S. federal income tax consequences to it of any redemption of its ordinary shares.

Additional Taxes

U.S. Holders that are individuals, estates or trusts and whose income exceeds certain thresholds generally will be subject to a 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on unearned income, including, without limitation, dividends on, and gains from the sale or other taxable disposition of, our securities, subject to certain limitations and exceptions. Under applicable regulations, in the absence of a special election, such unearned income generally would not include income inclusions under the qualified electing fund, or “QEF,” rules discussed below under “Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules,” but would include distributions of earnings and profits from a QEF. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the effect, if any, of such tax on their ownership and disposition of our securities.

Exercise or Lapse of Redeemable Warrants

Subject to the PFIC rules discussed below, a U.S. Holder will not recognize gain or loss upon the acquisition of ordinary shares on the exercise of redeemable warrants for cash. Ordinary shares acquired pursuant to the exercise of redeemable warrants for cash will have a tax basis equal to the U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the redeemable warrants, increased by the amount paid to exercise the redeemable warrants. The holding period of such ordinary shares should begin on the day after the date of exercise of the redeemable warrants. If a redeemable warrant is allowed to lapse unexercised, a U.S. Holder will generally recognize a capital loss equal to such holder’s adjusted tax basis in the redeemable warrant.

Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules

A foreign (i.e., non-U.S.) corporation will be a PFIC if at least 75% of its gross income in a taxable year of the foreign corporation, including its pro rata share of the gross income of any corporation in which it is considered to own at least 25% of the shares by value, is passive income. Alternatively, a foreign corporation will be a PFIC if at least 50% of its assets in a taxable year of the foreign corporation, ordinarily determined based on fair market value and averaged quarterly over the year, including its pro rata share of the assets of any corporation in which it is considered to own at least 25% of the shares by value, are held for the production of, or produce, passive income. Passive income generally includes dividends, interest, rents and royalties (other than certain rents or royalties derived from the active conduct of a trade or business) and gains from the disposition of passive assets.

Based on the composition and estimated values of our assets and the nature of our income for our 2015 taxable year, we believe that we are a PFIC for such taxable year.

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If we are a PFIC, as we believe we were in 2017, for any taxable year (or portion thereof) that is included in the holding period of a U.S. Holder of our ordinary shares or redeemable warrants and, in the case of our ordinary shares, the U.S. Holder did not make either a timely QEF election for our first taxable year as a PFIC in which the U.S. Holder held (or was deemed to hold) ordinary shares, a QEF election along with a purging election, or a mark-to-market election, each as described below, such holder generally will be subject to special rules for regular U.S. federal income tax purposes with respect to:

· any gain recognized by the U.S. Holder on the sale or other disposition of its ordinary shares or redeemable warrants; and

· any “excess distribution” made to the U.S. Holder (generally, any distributions to such U.S. Holder during a taxable year of the U.S. Holder that are greater than 125% of the average annual distributions received by such U.S. Holder in respect of the ordinary shares during the three preceding taxable years of such U.S. Holder or, if shorter, such U.S. Holder’s holding period for the ordinary shares).

Under these rules,

· the U.S. Holder’s gain or excess distribution will be allocated ratably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the ordinary shares or redeemable warrants;

· the amount allocated to the U.S. Holder’s taxable year in which the U.S. Holder recognized the gain or received the excess distribution, or to the period in the U.S. Holder’s holding period before the first day of our first taxable year in which we are a PFIC, will be taxed as ordinary income;

· the amount allocated to other taxable years (or portions thereof) of the U.S. Holder and included in its holding period will be taxed at the highest tax rate in effect for that year and applicable to the U.S. Holder; and

· the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of tax will be imposed in respect of the tax attributable to each such other taxable year of the U.S. Holder.

In general, if we are a PFIC, as we believe we were in 2017, a U.S. Holder may avoid the PFIC tax consequences described above in respect to our ordinary shares by making a timely QEF election (or a QEF election along with a purging election). Pursuant to the QEF election, a U.S. Holder generally will be required to include in income its pro rata share of our net capital gains (as long-term capital gain) and other earnings and profits (as ordinary income), on a current basis, in each case whether or not distributed, in the taxable year of the U.S. Holder in which or with which our taxable year ends if we are treated as a PFIC for that taxable year. A U.S. Holder may make a separate election to defer the payment of taxes on undistributed income inclusions under the QEF rules, but if deferred, any such taxes will be subject to an interest charge.

A U.S. Holder may not make a QEF election with respect to its redeemable warrants. As a result, if a U.S. Holder sells or otherwise disposes of a redeemable warrant (other than upon exercise of the redeemable warrant), any gain recognized will be subject to the special tax and interest charge rules treating the gain as an excess distribution, as described above, if we were a PFIC at any time during the period the U.S. Holder held the redeemable warrants. If a U.S. Holder that exercises such redeemable warrants properly makes a QEF election with respect to the newly acquired ordinary shares (or has previously made a QEF election with respect to our ordinary shares), the QEF election will apply to the newly acquired ordinary shares, but the adverse tax consequences relating to PFIC shares, adjusted to take into account the current income inclusions resulting from the QEF election, will continue to apply with respect to such newly acquired ordinary shares (which generally will be deemed to have a holding period for purposes of the PFIC rules that includes the period the U.S. Holder held the redeemable warrants), unless the U.S. Holder makes a purging election. The purging election creates a deemed sale of such shares at their fair market value. The gain recognized by the purging election will be subject to the special tax and interest charge rules treating the gain as an excess distribution, as described above. As a result of the purging election, the U.S. Holder will increase the adjusted tax basis in its ordinary shares acquired upon the exercise of the redeemable warrants by the gain recognized and also will have a new holding period in such shares for purposes of the PFIC rules.

The QEF election is made on a shareholder-by-shareholder basis and, once made, can be revoked only with the consent of the IRS. A U.S. Holder generally makes a QEF election by attaching a completed IRS Form 8621 (Information Return by a Shareholder of a Passive Foreign Investment Company or Qualified Electing Fund), including the information provided in a PFIC annual information statement, to a timely filed U.S. federal income tax return for the taxable year to which the election relates. Retroactive QEF elections generally may be made only by filing a protective statement with such return and if certain other conditions are met or with the consent of the IRS.

In order to comply with the requirements of a QEF election, a U.S. Holder must receive certain information from us. Upon request from a U.S. Holder, we will endeavor to provide to the U.S. Holder no later than 90 days after the request such information as the IRS may require, including a PFIC annual information statement, in order to enable the U.S. Holder to make and maintain a QEF election. However, there is no assurance that we will have timely knowledge of our status as a PFIC in the future or of the required information to be provided. Therefore, a U.S. Holder’s QEF election may not be effective. Any U.S. Holder wishing to make a QEF election should consult with its own tax advisor.

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If a U.S. Holder has made a QEF election with respect to our ordinary shares, and the special tax and interest charge rules do not apply to such shares (because of a timely QEF election for our first taxable year as a PFIC in which the U.S. Holder holds (or is deemed to hold) such shares or a QEF election, along with a purge of the PFIC taint pursuant to a purging election, as described below), any gain recognized on the sale or other taxable disposition of our ordinary shares generally will be taxable as capital gain and no interest charge will be imposed. As discussed above, for regular U.S. federal income tax purposes, U.S. Holders of a QEF generally are currently taxed on their pro rata shares of the QEF’s earnings and profits, whether or not distributed. In such case, a subsequent distribution of such earnings and profits that were previously included in income should not be taxable as a dividend to such U.S. Holders. The adjusted tax basis of a U.S. Holder’s shares in a QEF will be increased by amounts that are included in income, and decreased by amounts distributed but not taxed as dividends, under the above rules. Similar basis adjustments apply to property if by reason of holding such property the U.S. Holder is treated under the applicable attribution rules as owning shares in a QEF.

Although a determination as to our PFIC status will be made annually, the initial determination that we are a PFIC generally will apply for subsequent years to a U.S. Holder who held ordinary shares or redeemable warrants while we were a PFIC, whether or not we meet the test for PFIC status in those subsequent years. A U.S. Holder who makes the QEF election discussed above for our first taxable year as a PFIC in which the U.S. Holder holds (or is deemed to hold) our ordinary shares, however, will not be subject to the PFIC tax and interest charge rules discussed above in respect to such shares. In addition, such U.S. Holder will not be subject to the QEF inclusion regime with respect to such shares for any of our taxable years that end within or with a taxable year of the U.S. Holder and in which we are not a PFIC. On the other hand, if the QEF election is not effective for each of our taxable years in which we are a PFIC and during which the U.S. Holder holds (or is deemed to hold) our ordinary shares, the PFIC rules discussed above will continue to apply to such shares unless the holder files on a timely filed U.S. income tax return (including extensions) a QEF election and a purging election to recognize under the rules of Section 1291 of the Code any gain that the U.S. Holder would otherwise recognize if the U.S. Holder sold the ordinary shares for their fair market value on the “qualification date.” The qualification date is the first day of our tax year in which we qualify as a QEF with respect to such U.S. Holder. The purging election can only be made if such U.S. Holder held our ordinary shares on the qualification date. The gain recognized by the purging election will be subject to the special tax and interest charge rules treating the gain as an excess distribution, as described above. As a result of the purging election, the U.S. Holder will increase the adjusted tax basis in its ordinary shares by the amount of the gain recognized and will also have a new holding period in the ordinary shares for purposes of the PFIC rules.

Alternatively, if a U.S. Holder, at the close of its taxable year, owns shares in a PFIC that are treated as marketable stock, the U.S. Holder may make a mark-to-market election with respect to such shares for such taxable year. If the U.S. Holder makes a valid mark-to-market election for the first taxable year of the U.S. Holder in which the U.S. Holder holds (or is deemed to hold) our ordinary shares and for which we are determined to be a PFIC, such holder generally will not be subject to the PFIC rules described above in respect to its ordinary shares, as long as such shares continue to be treated as marketable stock. Instead, in general, the U.S. Holder will include as ordinary income for each year that we are treated as a PFIC the excess, if any, of the fair market value of its ordinary shares at the end of its taxable year over the adjusted tax basis in its ordinary shares. The U.S. Holder also will be allowed to take an ordinary loss in respect of the excess, if any, of the adjusted tax basis of its ordinary shares over the fair market value of its ordinary shares at the end of its taxable year (but only to the extent of the net amount of previously included income as a result of the mark-to-market election). The U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in its ordinary shares will be adjusted to reflect any such income or loss amounts, and any further gain recognized on a sale or other taxable disposition of the ordinary shares in a taxable year in which we are treated as a PFIC will be treated as ordinary income. Currently, a mark-to-market election may not be made with respect to warrants. Special tax rules may also apply if a U.S. Holder makes a mark-to-market election for a taxable year after the first taxable year in which the U.S. Holder holds (or is deemed to hold) its ordinary and for which we are determined to be a PFIC.

The mark-to-market election is available only for stock that is regularly traded on a national securities exchange that is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission, which does not include the OTC market, or on a foreign exchange or market that the IRS determines has rules sufficient to ensure that the market price represents a legitimate and sound fair market value. Because our ordinary shares are currently listed and traded only on the OTC market, such shares are not expected to be treated as marketable stock for purposes of the election. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the availability and tax consequences of a mark-to-market election in respect to our ordinary shares under their particular circumstances.

If we are a PFIC, as we believe we were for 2017, and, at any time, have a foreign subsidiary that is classified as a PFIC, a U.S. Holder of our ordinary shares should be deemed to own a portion of the shares of such lower-tier PFIC, and could incur liability for the deferred tax and interest charge described above if we receive a distribution from, or dispose of all or part of our interest in, or the U.S. Holder were otherwise deemed to have disposed of an interest in, the lower-tier PFIC. Upon request, we will endeavor to cause any lower-tier PFIC to provide to a U.S. Holder no later than 90 days after the request the information that may be required to make or maintain a QEF election with respect to the lower- tier PFIC. However, we do not plan to make annual determinations or otherwise notify U.S. Holders of the status of any such lower-tier PFIC. There is also no assurance that we will be able to cause the lower-tier PFIC to provide the required information. A mark-to-market election generally would not be available with respect to such a lower-tier PFIC. U.S. Holders are urged to consult their own tax advisors regarding the tax issues raised by lower-tier PFICs.

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A U.S. Holder that owns (or is deemed to own) shares in a PFIC during any taxable year of the U.S. Holder may have to file an IRS Form 8621 (whether or not a QEF election or mark-to-market election is or has been made) with such U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax return and provide such other information as may be required by the U.S. Treasury Department.

The rules dealing with PFICs and with the QEF and mark-to-market elections are very complex and are affected by various factors in addition to those described above. Accordingly, U.S. Holders of our ordinary shares and redeemable warrants should consult their own tax advisors concerning the application of the PFIC rules to our ordinary shares and redeemable warrants under their particular circumstances.

Non-U.S. Holders

Dividends (including constructive dividends) paid or deemed paid to a Non-U.S. Holder in respect to our securities generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax, unless such dividends are effectively connected with the Non-U.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, are attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base that such holder maintains or maintained in the United States).

In addition, a Non-U.S. Holder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on any gain attributable to a sale or other taxable disposition of our securities unless such gain is effectively connected with its conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, is attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base that such holder maintains or maintained in the United States) or the Non-U.S. Holder is an individual who is present in the United States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of sale or other disposition and certain other conditions are met (in which case, such gain from U.S. sources generally is subject to U.S. federal income tax at a 30% rate or a lower applicable tax treaty rate).

Dividends and gains that are effectively connected with the Non-U.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, are attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base that such holder maintains or maintained in the United States) generally will be subject to regular U.S. federal income tax at the same regular U.S. federal income tax rates applicable to a comparable U.S. Holder and, in the case of a Non-U.S. Holder that is a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, may also be subject to an additional branch profits tax at a 30% rate or a lower applicable tax treaty rate.

The U.S. federal income tax treatment of a Non-U.S. Holder’s exercise of a redeemable warrant, or the lapse of a redeemable warrant held by a Non-U.S. Holder, generally will correspond to the U.S. federal income tax treatment of the exercise or lapse of a redeemable warrant by a U.S. Holder, as described under “U.S. Holders — Exercise or Lapse of Redeemable Warrants,” above.

Backup Withholding and Information Reporting

In general, information reporting for U.S. federal income tax purposes should apply to distributions made on our securities within the United States to a U.S. Holder (other than an exempt recipient) and to the proceeds from sales and other dispositions of our securities by a U.S. Holder (other than an exempt recipient) to or through a U.S. office of a broker. Payments made (and sales and other dispositions effected at an office) outside the United States will be subject to information reporting in limited circumstances. In addition, certain information concerning a U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in its securities and adjustments to that tax basis and whether any gain or loss with respect to such securities is long-term or short-term also may be required to be reported to the IRS, and certain holders may be required to file an IRS Form 8938 (Statement of Specified Foreign Financial Assets) to report their interest in our securities.

Moreover, backup withholding of U.S. federal income tax at a rate of 28% generally will apply to dividends paid on our securities to a U.S. Holder (other than an exempt recipient) and the proceeds from sales and other dispositions of our securities by a U.S. Holder (other than an exempt recipient), in each case who (a) fails to provide an accurate taxpayer identification number; (b) is notified by the IRS that backup withholding is required; or (c) in certain circumstances, fails to comply with applicable certification requirements.

41

A Non-U.S. Holder generally may eliminate the requirement for information reporting and backup withholding by providing certification of its foreign status, under penalties of perjury, on a duly executed applicable IRS Form W-8 or by otherwise establishing an exemption.

Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Rather, the amount of any backup withholding will be allowed as a credit against a U.S. Holder’s or a Non-U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle such holder to a refund, provided that certain required information is timely furnished to the IRS. Holders are urged to consult their own tax advisors regarding the application of backup withholding and the availability of and procedures for obtaining an exemption from backup withholding in their particular circumstances.

F. Dividends and paying agents

Prime paid a dividend to its public shareholders of one warrant for every four shares that were not redeemed in connection with the Business Combination on October 24, 2013. Except for the foregoing, the Company does not have future dividend plans and any future dividend policy will be determined by the Company’s Board of Directors.

G. Statement by Experts

Not applicable.

H. Documents on Display

Documents concerning us that are referred to in this document may be inspected at our principal executive offices at No. 322, Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, 050011 People’s Republic of China.

In addition, we file annual reports on Form 20-F and submit other information under cover of Form 6-K. As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the proxy requirements of Section 14 of the Exchange Act and our officers, directors and principal shareholders will be exempt from the insider short-swing disclosure and profit recovery rules of Section 16 of the Exchange Act. Annual reports and other information we file with the Commission may be inspected at the public reference facilities maintained by the Commission at Room 1580, 100 F. Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549, and copies of all or any part thereof may be obtained from such office upon payment of the prescribed fees. You may call the Commission at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the operation of the public reference room and you can request copies of the documents upon payment of a duplicating fee, by writing to the Commission. In addition, the Commission maintains a web site that contains reports and other information regarding registrants (including us) that file electronically with the Commission which can be assessed at http://www.sec.gov.

I. Subsidiary Information

Not required.

ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK

Interest Rate Risk

The Group’s exposure to interest rate risk primarily relates to its outstanding debts, which is mostly in the form of a variable interest rate mortgage and finance leases. The current weighted average interest rate on such debts is 2.8%.

According to the Group’s lease agreements with its tenants, there is a clause allowing the Group to increase the lease payment at the end of each year term in connection with the official inflation rate published by the Italian government. A 1% inflation rate would yield a 0.75% increase in rental income. Although there is no direct correlation between the increase of the inflation rate and the increase in interest rate published by the Italian Central Bank, the increase of interest rate has been historically significantly less than the inflation rate. This clause in the lease agreements aims to increase the level of cash inflow for covering the variable interest rate mortgage.

42

The current weighted average interest rate on the variable interest rate mortgage is 2.8%. The following sensitivity analysis demonstrates different scenarios that may occur in the future. Based on the following sensitivity analysis, a 1% increase in inflation with a 0.25% increase in interest rate would yield a 1% increase in the rental income. If the interest rate increases in a significant lower rate than the inflation rate, the effect on net profit would be favorable.

	Current at 2.8% weighted average interest rate		Assuming 1% inflation and 0.25% interest rate increase		Assuming 1% inflation and 0.5% interest rate increase		Assuming 2% inflation and 0.5% interest rate increase		Assuming 2% inflation and 1% interest rate increase		Assuming 3% inflation and 1% interest rate increase		Assuming 3% inflation and 1.5% interest rate increase
Current annual rental based on existing lease agreements	$	2,138,471
Adjusted annual rental income according to the inflation rate			$	2,159,856	$	2,159,856	$	2,181,241	$	2,181,241	$	2,202,626	$	2,202,626
$ Increase in rental income			$	21,385	$	21,385	$	42,770	$	42,770	$	64,155	$	64,155
% increase in rental income with inflation rate adjustment				1%		1%		2%		2%		3%		3%
Annual finance expense		891,288		550,400		595,514		595,514		685,744		685,744		775,973
Effect of interest expense on the gross profit before operating expenses				362,273		317,159		338,544		248,314		269,699		179,470
% increase on effect of interest expense on the gross profit before operating expenses				17%		15%		16%		12%		13%		8%

As of December 31, 2017, the Group has no Interest Rate Swap agreements.

Impact of Inflation

Each of the Subsidiaries are exposed to the impact of inflation primarily relating to its operating expenses, and the variable interest rate mortgages it carries. There is no direct correlation between the increase of the inflation rate and the increase in interest rate published by the Italian Central Bank; however, the increase of interest rate has been historically significantly less than the inflation rate. The clause allowing the Group to increase the lease payment each year in connection with inflation rate (see note “Interest Rate Risk”) is aimed at facilitating an increased level of cash inflow for covering the inflation affecting operating expenses and the increase in the variable interest rate mortgage.

Foreign Currency Risk

The Euro is the functional and reporting currency for the Group’s operation in Italy. All transactions in currencies other than the functional currency during the year are recorded at the exchange rates on the date of such transactions. The Subsidiaries have not entered into transactions denominated in a currency other than their functional currency and hence the exposure to foreign currency risk within the Subsidiaries is limited. However, Prime’s functional and reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. During consolidation of Subsidiaries’ and Prime’s financial statements, monetary assets and liabilities of the Subsidiaries are translated from Euro into U.S. dollars at the exchange rates on the reporting date. The historical amounts in the statements of loss and comprehensive loss are translated at an appropriate weighted average rate for the period presented. The exchange differences are recorded in our consolidated statements of loss and comprehensive loss. The amounts in the statements of financial position are translated at the historical exchange rate as of the date of the report. Therefore, fluctuations in exchange rates may affect our consolidated statements of financial position.

According to the historical exchange rate published by U.S. Federal Reserve Bank, the exchange rate between Euro and U.S. dollar had moderate fluctuations over the past 10 years. These fluctuations are moderate in nature and not considered a currency of a hyperinflationary economy.

ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES

The description of securities other than equity securities included under the heading “Description of Securities” in the company’s registration statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-171777), initially filed with the Securities & Exchange Commission on January 20, 2011, as amended, is hereby incorporated by reference.

43

PART II

ITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES

Immediately following the closing of the Business Combination on September 30, 2013, the Company entered into an interest-bearing promissory note with its underwriter, Chardan Capital Markets, LLC for the total remaining amount of $889,833 due to the underwriter at the rate of 5% per annum, maturing on December 31, 2013. If the note was not repaid by December 31, 2013, Chardan had the right to convert the note and accrued interest into ordinary shares at a price of $9.10 per share. In connection with the convertible right, $184,584 was allocated to the value of the beneficial conversion feature. As of December 31, 2013, the full amount of the beneficial conversion feature has been recorded as interest expense. As of the date of this report, the convertible right had not been exercised. On December 31, 2013 (the note’s maturity date), the Company was not able to repay the note. As a result of the payment default, an additional default interest rate of 10% per annum is added to the original 5% per annum interest rate starting December 31, 2013. As of April 30, 2018, $608,620 of interest expense has been recorded in connection with this note.

During 2014, one of the Subsidiaries missed certain scheduled repayments on a bank loan totaling $193,011 in principal and $22,680 in interest. Except for these missed scheduled repayments, the Group has been current on all scheduled repayments since the beginning of 2014. According to the applicable mortgage agreement, missing scheduled payments can cause the bank to request immediate repayment of the residual debt totaling approximately $1,515,720 as of December 31, 2014. Management initiated negotiations with the bank to postpone repayment for 12 months in 2014. Separately during 2014, one of our other Subsidiaries missed certain scheduled finance lease payments to the leasing department of the same bank. During 2017, the bank official denied the Group’s request and requested immediate repayment of the residual debt. As a result, Management classified such residual debt as current loans and borrowings as of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015. On November 10, 2017, the Company ceased control of one of the affected subsidiaries, resulting in the transfer of all the bank loans back to its prior owner.

During 2014, four of the Subsidiaries missed certain scheduled payment to four finance lease creditors, totaling approximately $244,234 in principal and $241,328 in interest as at December 31, 2014. Except for these missed scheduled payments, the Group has been current with all the scheduled payments since the beginning of 2014. Pursuant to the leasing agreement, the finance lease creditors have the right to declare the borrower in default in case of missing scheduled payments via official written notice and demand full payment of outstanding principal balance at the time of such default declaration. Management initiated negotiations with all the affected finance lease creditors for modification repayment plans on these missed payments in 2014. The Group remitted full missed payments to one of the finance lease creditors in the second quarter of 2015 and thus corrected the default. As of December 31, 2015, Management was still undergoing negotiations with the remaining affected finance lease creditor and could not provide assurance that this finance lease creditor would not decide to refuse granting the requested modification repayment plans to the Group. As a result, we classified this one residual finance lease as current loans and borrowings as of December 31, 2015. During 2016, the Group successfully obtained the approval from this finance lease creditor of a modification repayment plan. As a result, Management has not classified the full portion of this finance lease as current loans and borrowing as of December 31, 2017 and 2016.

In addition, during 2016, one of the Subsidiaries missed certain scheduled payment to a finance lease creditor, but has since obtained the approval from this finance lease creditor of a modification repayment plan. As a result, Management has not classified the full portion of this affected finance lease as current loans and borrowing as of December 31, 2017 and 2016.

During 2017, the Group has been current with all scheduled lease payments and the repayment plans approved by the finance lease creditors.

ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Not applicable.

ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

A. Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms.

44

An evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2017 was made under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Interim Chief Executive Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer. Based on that evaluation, our Interim Chief Executive Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of the end of the period covered by this report due to our internal control over financial reporting not being effective, as described further below.

B. Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, our Interim Chief Executive Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer and effected by our board of directors to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of our financial reporting and the preparation of our financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Internal control over financial reporting includes policies and procedures that pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets; provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of our financial statements in accordance with IFRS and its related interpretations, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with the authorization of our board of directors and management; and provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of the unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on our financial statements.

Under the supervision and with the participation of our current management, including our Interim Chief Executive Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission as issued in 2013. Based on this evaluation under the criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective due to material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017, and such weaknesses continue to apply to date. Material weaknesses in our internal controls include the lack of segregation of duties, improper checks and balances, lack of an audit committee, and the fact that the Company’s review procedures in connection with financial reporting are limited. Our management further identified other weaknesses in entity level controls, including, but not limited to, control environment, risk assessment processes, information sharing, and monitoring processes. Such weaknesses previously resulted in the Company’s restatement of its 2013 financial statements. During 2015 and continuing through 2017, our current management has been designing and implementing certain processes and procedures to address the material weaknesses identified. The current management intends to implement further material processes and procedures that will provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of our financial reporting and preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with IFRS and its related interpretations as funding becomes available to be able to put the components in place.

ITEM 16. [RESERVED]

ITEM 16A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT.

We do not currently have an audit committee. Our board of directors believes that Mr. Kaufman qualifies as “audit committee financial expert”, as such term is defined in the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission, and qualifies as an independent director under the Nasdaq Marketplace Rules.

ITEM 16B. CODE OF ETHICS.

In November 2010, our board of directors adopted a code of ethics that applies, and following the Business Combination will continue to apply, to our directors, officers and employees.

ITEM 16C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES.

The following table sets forth the aggregate fees by categories specified below in connection with certain professional services rendered by Marcum LLP (“Marcum”), our independent registered public accounting firm for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.

	2017		2016
Audit fees(1)	$	132,500	$	152,500
Audit related fees(2)		–		–
Tax fees		–		–
Total fees		132,500	$	152,500

(1) “Audit fees” means the aggregate fees billed for an audit of our consolidated financial statements.

(2) “Audited related fees” means the aggregate fees billed for time incurred other than the audit of our consolidated financial statements.

45

Our board of directors is to pre-approve all auditing services and permitted non- audit services to be performed for us by our independent auditor, including the fees and terms thereof (subject to the de minimums exceptions for non-audit services described in section 10A(i)(1)(B) of the Exchange Act which are approved by the audit committee or our board of directors prior to the completion of the audit).

ITEM 16D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES.

None.

ITEM 16E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS.

Not applicable.

ITEM 16F. CHANGES IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT.

None.

ITEM 16G. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Not applicable.

ITEM 16H. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE

Not applicable.

46

PART III

ITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

We have elected to provide financial statements pursuant to Item 18.

ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The financial statements are filed as part of this annual report beginning on page F-1.

ITEM 19. EXHIBITS

Exhibit No.	Description
1.1	Amended and Restated Articles of Association (1)
1.2	Amendment to Amended and Restated Articles of Association (2)
2.1	Specimen Unit Certificate (1)
2.2	Specimen Ordinary Share Certificate (1)
2.3	Specimen Public Redeemable Warrant Certificate (1)
2.4	Specimen Founder Warrant Certificate (1)
2.5	Specimen Placement Warrant Certificate (1)
2.6	Form of Warrant Agreement (1)
2.7	Form of Unit Purchase Option (1)
4.18	Form of Registration Rights Agreement among the Registrant and the Founders (1)
4.20	Stock Option Agreement, dated as of February 25, 2010, between the Registrant and Carolyne Yu (1)
4.22	Stock Option Agreement, dated as of February 25, 2010, between the Registrant and Dave Sagar (1)
4.23	Stock Option Agreement, dated as of February 25, 2010, between the Registrant and Elizabeth Pulchny (1)
4.25	Stock Option Agreement, dated as of February 25, 2010, between the Registrant and Lance Wei (1)
4.27	Stock Option Agreement, dated as of December 3, 2010, between the Registrant and Dane Chauvel (1)
4.31	Put Agreement, dated February 25, 2013, by and among Prime Acquisition Corp. and Advanced Series Trust – AST Academic Strategies Asset Allocation Portfolio (2)
4.32	Put Agreement, dated February 25, 2013, by and among Prime Acquisition Corp. and CNH Diversified Opportunities Master Account, L.P. (2)
4.33	Put Agreement, dated February 25, 2013, by and among Prime Acquisition Corp. and AQR Opportunistic Premium Offshore Fund, L.P.  (2)
4.34	Put Agreement, dated February 25, 2013, by and among Prime Acquisition Corp. and AQR Diversified Arbitrage Fund (2)
4.63	Promissory Note, dated as of September 30, 2013, issued to Chardan Capital Markets (8)
4.68	Stock Option Agreement, dated as of May 10, 2014, between the Registrant and Andrea Crespi Bel’skij *
4.69	Stock Option Agreement, dated as of May 10, 2014, between the Registrant and Amy Lau*
4.71	Option Agreement, dated as of December 18, 2014, between the Registrant and LuxCo, Nova, Francesco Rotondi (10)
4.72	Stock Option Agreement, dated as of September 11, 2014, between the Registrant and Michela Del Molino (12)
4.73	Stock Option Agreement, dated as of September 11, 2014, between the Registrant and Monica Sironi (12)
4.74	Stock Option Agreement, dated as of September 11, 2014, between the Registrant and Rosaria Racco (12)
4.105	Stock Option Agreement, dated as of May 10, 2015, between the Registrant and Amy Lau (12)
4.107	Stock Option Agreement, dated as of September 1, 2015, between the Registrant and George Kaufman (12)
4.108	Stock Option Agreement, dated as of September 1, 2015, between the Registrant and Michela Del Molino (12)
4.109	Stock Option Agreement, dated as of September 1, 2015, between the Registrant and Mattia Nigro (12)
4.110	Stock Option Agreement, dated as of September 1, 2015, between the Registrant and Rosaria Racco (12)

47

Exhibit No.	Description
4.160	Promissory Note, dated as of December 6, 2016, issued to Diana Liu (13)
4.161	Promissory Note, dated as of December 8, 2016, issued to Diana Liu (13)
4.162	Promissory Note, dated as of December 10, 2016, issued to Diana Liu (13)
4.163	Promissory Note, dated as of December 14, 2016, issued to Diana Liu (13)
4.164	Promissory Note, dated as of December 17, 2016, issued to Diana Liu (13)
4.165	Promissory Note, dated as of January 3, 2017, issued to Diana Liu (13)
4.166	Promissory Note, dated as of January 20, 2017, issued to Diana Liu (13)
4.167	Promissory Note, dated as of February 1, 2017, issued to Diana Liu (13)
4.168	Promissory Note, dated as of February 1, 2017, issued to Diana Liu (13)
4.169	Promissory Note, dated as of February 13, 2017, issued to Diana Liu (13)
4.170	Promissory Note, dated as of February 15, 2017, issued to Diana Liu (13)
4.171	Promissory Note, dated as of February 15, 2017, issued to Diana Liu (13)
4.172	Promissory Note, dated as of March 1, 2017, issued to Diana Liu (13)
4.173	Promissory Note, dated as of March 1, 2017, issued to Diana Liu (13)
4.174	Promissory Note, dated as of March 1, 2017, issued to Diana Liu (13)
4.175	Promissory Note, dated as of March 9, 2017, issued to Diana Liu (13)
4.176	Promissory Note, dated as of March 14, 2017, issued to Diana Liu (13)
4.177	Promissory Note, dated as of March 31, 2017, issued to Diana Liu (13)
4.178	Promissory Note, dated as of April 1, 2017, issued to Diana Liu (13)
4.179	Promissory Note, dated as of April 3, 2017, issued to Diana Liu (13)
4.180	Promissory Note, dated as of April 6, 2017, issued to Diana Liu (13)
4.181	Stock Option Agreement, dated as of April 15, 2016 between the Registrant and Amy Lau (13)
4.182	Stock Option Agreement, dated as of April 15, 2016 between the Registrant and George Kaufman (13)
4.183	Stock Option Agreement, dated as of April 15, 2016 between the Registrant and Diana Liu (13)
4.184	Stock Option Agreement, dated as of April 15, 2016 between the Registrant and William Yu (13)
4.185	Stock Option Agreement, dated as of September 9, 2016 between the Registrant and Alison Sagar (13)
4.190	Promissory Note, dated as of May 2, 2017, issued to Diana Liu
4.191	Promissory Note, dated as of June 1, 2017, issued to Diana Liu
4.192	Promissory Note, dated as of July 3, 2017, issued to Diana Liu
4.193	Promissory Note, dated as of August 1, 2017, issued to Diana Liu
4.194	Promissory Note, dated as of September 1, 2017, issued to Diana Liu
4.195	Promissory Note, dated as of October 2, 2017, issued to Diana Liu
4.196	Promissory Note, dated as of November 1, 2017, issued to Diana Liu
4.197	Promissory Note, dated as of December 1, 2017, issued to Diana Liu
4.198	Promissory Note, dated as of January 9, 2018, issued to Diana Liu
4.199	Promissory Note, dated as of February 1, 2018, issued to Diana Liu
4.200	Promissory Note, dated as of March 1, 2018, issued to Diana Liu
4.201	Promissory Note, dated as of April 1, 2018, issued to Diana Liu

48

Exhibit No.	Description
8.1	List of Subsidiaries (8)
11.1	Code of Ethics (1)
12.1	Certification of the Chief Executive Officer (Principal Financial Officer) pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act, as amended.
12.2	Certification of the Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act, as amended
13.1	Certification of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
16.1	Letter from Marcum Bernstein & Pinchuk LLP, dated March 20, 2014 (9)

(1) Incorporated by reference to the registration statement on Form F-1 of the registrant (File No. 333-171777).

(2) Incorporated by reference to the Annual Report on Form 20-F of the registrant, filed on April 30, 2013.

(3) Incorporated by reference to the Annual Report on Form 20-F of the registrant, filed on April 30, 2012.

(4) Incorporated by reference to the Report of Foreign Private Issuer on Form 6-K of the registrant, filed on May 24, 2013.

(5) Incorporated by reference to the Report of Foreign Private Issuer on Form 6-K of the registrant, filed on June 27, 2013.

(6) Incorporated by reference to the Report of Foreign Private Issuer on Form 6-K of the registrant, filed on July 16, 2013.

(7) Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 1 the Schedule TO/A of the registrant, filed on September 6, 2013.

(8) Incorporated by reference to the Annual Report on Form 20-F of the registrant, filed on October 4, 2013.

(9)	Incorporated by reference to the Report of Foreign Private Issuer on Form 6-K of the registrant, filed on March 20, 2014.
(10)	Incorporated by reference to the Report of Foreign Private Issuer on Form 6-K of the registrant, filed on December 23, 2014.
(11)	Incorporated by reference to the Annual Report on Form 20-F of the registrant, filed on May 2, 2016.
(12)	Incorporated by reference to the Annual Report on Form 20-F of the registrant, filed on January 15, 2016.
(13)	Incorporated by reference to the Annual Report on Form 20-F of the registrant, filed on April 28, 2017.

49

SIGNATURES

The Registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.

	Prime Acquisition Corp.
Date: May 2, 2018
	By:	/s/ William Tsu-Cheng Yu
		William Tsu-Cheng Yu
		Interim Chief Executive Officer and Chairman
		(Principal Executive Officer)

Date: May 2, 2018
	By:	/s/ Amy Lau
		Amy Lau
		Interim Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

50

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Table of Contents

Report of independent registered public accounting firm	F-2
Consolidated statements of loss and comprehensive loss	F-3
Consolidated statements of financial position	F-4
Consolidated statements of changes in deficit	F-5
Consolidated statements of cash flows	F-6
Notes to the consolidated financial statements	F-7

F-1

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of

Prime Acquisition Corp.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position of Prime Acquisition Corp. and Subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, the related consolidated statements of loss and comprehensive loss, changes in deficit, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2017, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2017, in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.

Going Concern

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As more fully described in Note 1, the Company has a significant working capital deficiency, has incurred significant recurring losses and needs to raise additional funds to meet its obligations and sustain its operations. These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. Management's plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 1. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ Marcum llp

Marcum llp

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2014.

New York, NY
May 2, 2018

F-2

Prime Acquisition Corp.

Consolidated Statements of Loss and Comprehensive Loss
For the years ended December 31,

	Notes	2017			2016*			2015*
Continuing operations
Rental income		$	2,561,322		$	2,508,586		$	2,624,064
Other revenues			376,549			483,152			204,302
Total Revenues			2,937,871			2,991,738			2,828,366
Depreciation, bad debt and other provisions	4		(67,528	)		(3,229	)		(12,974	)
Other expenses	5		(2,075,996	)		(2,245,605	)		(3,071,058	)
Total operating expenses			(2,143,524	)		(2,248,834	)		(3,084,032	)
Operating profit/(loss)			794,347			742,904			(255,666	)
Finance income	6		9,223			19,617			34,889
Finance costs	6		(3,320,839	)		(3,756,134	)		(3,959,052	)
Gain/(loss) on revaluation of derivatives related to convertible promissory notes			292,562			3,085,253			(539,716	)
Loss on disposal of property & equipment			–			–			(133,782	)
Loss on sale of subsidiary			–			–			(32,340	)
Forgiveness of debt			273,037			–			–
Realized loss on sale of real estate investment			–			–			(240,206	)
Less: previously recognized unrealized loss on real estate investment			–			–			40,478
Net fair value loss on revaluation of investment property			(806,891	)		(519,276	)		(884,351	)
Loss before tax			(2,758,561	)		(427,636	)		(5,969,746	)
Tax benefit/(expense), current	7,8		(158,639	)		(42,367	)		(21,507	)
Deferred tax benefit/(expense)	7,8		(15,867	)		130,306			(122,386	)
Loss from continuing operations		$	(2,933,067	)	$	(339,697	)	$	(6,113,639	)
Loss from discontinued operations
Loss from discontinued operations	9		(754,069	)		(225,447	)		(1,448,047	)
Loss for the year		$	(3,687,136	)	$	(565,144	)	$	(7,561,686	)
Other comprehensive loss, net of income tax
Foreign currency translation reserve			813,007			(139,370	)		(449,358	)
Total comprehensive loss		$	(2,874,129	)	$	(704,514	)	$	(8,011,044	)
Loss per share
From continuing and discontinued operations
Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding - basic			1,949,061			1,954,651			2,299,462
Basic loss per share		$	(1.89	)	$	(0.29	)	$	(3.29	)
Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding - diluted			1,949,061			1,954,651			2,299,462
Diluted loss per share		$	(1.89	)	$	(0.29	)	$	(3.29	)
From continuing operations
Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding - basic			1,949,061			1,954,651			2,299,462
Basic loss per share		$	(1.50	)	$	(0.17	)	$	(2.66	)
Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding - diluted			1,949,061			1,954,651			2,299,462
Diluted loss per share		$	(1.50	)	$	(0.17	)	$	(2.66	)

* Restated for discontinued operations (see note 9 — Discontinued Operations)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 

F-3

Prime Acquisition Corp.
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position
As of December 31,

	Notes	2017			2016			2015
ASSETS
Non-current assets
Property and equipment, net	13	$	7,614		$	11,047		$	13,564
Investment properties	14		33,829,902			35,786,053			37,407,083
Other receivables, net less current portion	15		–			143,137			–
Total non-currents assets			33,837,516			35,940,237			37,420,647
Current assets
Prepaid expenses			123,479			66,958			155,256
Trade and other receivables, net	15		407,010			756,940			842,879
Cash and cash equivalents	18		58,143			55,393			134,574
Total current assets			588,632			879,291			1,132,709
TOTAL ASSETS		$	34,426,148		$	36,819,528		$	38,553,356
EQUITY AND LIABILITIES
Deficit
Ordinary shares, $.001 par value (Authorized 50,000,000 shares; 2,043,351, 2,040,451 and 2,040,451 shares issued; 1,903,723, 1,954,651 and 1,954,651 shares outstanding at December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 respectively; with 139,628, 85,800 and 85,800 shares as treasury shares at December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015)	17	$	2,043		$	2,040		$	2,040
Share premium	17		19,604,277			19,240,641			18,289,096
Less: cost of 139,628, 85,800 and 85,800 treasury shares at December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015			(423,855	)		(343,113	)		(343,113	)
Retained deficit			(25,894,120	)		(22,206,984	)		(21,641,840	)
Foreign currency translation reserve			(643,362	)		(1,456,369	)		(1,316,999	)
Total deficit			(7,355,017	)		(4,763,785	)		(5,010,816	)
Liabilities
Non-current liabilities
Loans and borrowings, less current portion	18,19		18,146,247			21,110,316			21,720,779
Trade and other payable, net less current portion	22		19,597			80,355			–
Deferred tax liabilities	8		2,750,314			2,557,571			2,764,734
Corporate tax liabilities, less current portion			1,035,955			674,164			714,771
Tenant security deposits			847,195			731,841			820,367
Total non-current liabilities			22,799,308			25,154,247			26,020,651
Current liabilities
Notes payable to stockholders, net of unamortized discount of $731,473, $1,122,997 and $1,363,000 at December 31 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively	20		3,987,479			2,485,566			1,328,263
Due to related party	20		670,017			1,260,243			1,089,549
Loans and borrowings	18,19,21		4,438,354			4,206,847			5,087,208
Trade and other payables	22		6,389,497			5,914,549			5,372,684
Other liabilities and other deferred income	23		308,852			301,800			358,634
Corporate tax liabilities			1,257,245			1,425,618			1,403,005
Derivative financial liabilities	24		1,859,700			794,235			2,733,836
Provisions	25		70,713			40,208			170,342
Total current liabilities			18,981,857			16,429,066			17,543,521
Total liabilities			41,781,165			41,583,313			43,564,172
TOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES		$	34,426,148		$	36,819,528		$	38,553,356

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F-4

Prime Acquisition Corp.

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Deficit

For the years Ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015

	Ordinary Shares						Treasury shares					Share			Retained			Foreign Currency Translation			Total
	Shares			Amount			Shares		Amount			Premium			Deficit			Reserve			Deficit
Balance at January 1, 2015		2,428,532		$	2,429			–	$	–		$	16,722,007		$	(14,080,154	)	$	(867,641	)	$	1,776,641
Non-employee stock based compensation		–			–			–		–			260,819			–			–			260,819
Forfeiture of founders shares		(253,881	)		(255	)		–		–			255			–			–			–
Sale of subsidiary		(220,000	)		(134	)		85,800		(343,113	)		(536,666	)		–			–			(879,913	)
Beneficial conversion feature on convertible promissory notes		–			–			–		–			1,842,681			–			–			1,842,681
Loss for the year		–			–			–		–			–			(7,561,686	)		–			(7,561,686	)
Foreign currency translation reserve		–			–			–		–			–			–			(449,358	)		(449,358	)
Balance at December 31, 2015		1,954,651		$	2,040			85,800	$	(343,113	)	$	18,289,096		$	(21,641,840	)	$	(1,316,999	)	$	(5,010,816	)
Non-employee stock based compensation		–			–			–		–			370,040			–			–			370,040
Beneficial conversion feature on convertible promissory note		–			–			–		–			581,505			–			–			581,505
Loss for the year		–			–			–		–			–			(565,144	)		–			(565,144	)
Foreign currency translation reserve		–			–			–		–			–			–			(139,370	)		(139,370	)
Balance at December 31, 2016		1,954,651		$	2,040			85,800	$	(343,113	)	$	19,240,641		$	(22,206,984	)	$	(1,456,369	)	$	(4,763,785	)
Non-employee stock based compensation		–			–			–		–			95,419			–			–			95,419
Stock option exercise		2,900			3			–		–			5,607			–			–			5,610
Beneficial conversion feature on convertible promissory note		–			–			–		–			59,298			–			–			59,298
Non-cash capital contribution by shareholder in connection with forgiveness of debt		–			–			–		–			203,312			–			–			203,312
Sale of subsidiary		(53,828	)		–			53,828		(80,742	)		–			–			–			(80,742	)
Loss for the year		–			–			–		–			–			(3,687,136	)		–			(3,687,136	)
Foreign currency translation reserve		–			–			–		–			–			–			813,007			813,007
Balance at December 31, 2017		1,903,723		$	2,043			139,628	$	(423,855	)	$	19,604,277		$	(25,894,120	)	$	(643,362	)	$	(7,355,017	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F-5

Prime Acquisition Corp.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

For the years ended December 31,

	2017			2016			2015
Cash flows from operating activities
Loss for the year	$	(3,687,136	)	$	(565,144	)	$	(7,561,686	)
Adjustments to loss for non-cash items
Shared-based payments		95,419			370,040			260,819
Derivatives fair value adjustment		(292,562	)		(3,103,350	)		506,158
Forgiveness of debts		(273,037	)		–			–
Net fair value loss/(gain) on revaluation of investment property		891,649			591,244			2,321,283
Loss on disposal of property and equipment		–			–			134,448
Depreciation		3,764			3,804			3,644
Provision for bad debt		37,622			–			9,814
Release of provision relating to litigation		(2,922	)		(145,309	)		–
Other provisions		26,332			13,816			26,032
Loss on sale of subsidiary		135,200			–			32,340
Loss on sale of real estate investment		–			–			199,728
Loss on foreign currency exchange on discontinued operation		254,935			–			248,359
Revenues normalization		12,419			45,797			90,994
Deferred tax assets/(liabilities)		25,717			(135,359	)		(287,665	)
Finance costs		3,468,145			3,942,402			4,172,915
		695,545			1,017,941			157,183
Working capital adjustments
(Increase)/decrease in prepaid expenses		(48,025	)		88,152			(6,550	)
Decrease/(increase) in trade and other receivables		361,414			(85,023	)		(397,465	)
Increase/(decrease) in trade and other payables		324,547			(147,677	)		325,182
Increase/(decrease) in tenant security deposits		51,341			(64,016	)		16,421
Increase in corporate tax liabilities		777,035			442,091			391,492
Cash provided by operating activities		2,161,857			1,251,468			486,263
Corporate taxes paid		(429,063	)		(398,147	)		(284,241	)
Finance costs paid		(1,068,007	)		(694,494	)		(959,851	)
Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities		664,787			158,827			(757,829	)
Cash flows from investing activities
Cash given on disposition		(18,281	)		–			(110	)
Proceeds from sale of real estate investment		–			–			217,180
Acquisition of property and equipment		–			(1,522	)		(7,706	)
Net cash (used in)/ provided by investing activities		(18,281	)		(1,522	)		209,364
Cash flows from financing activities
Advances from related party		13,086			150,894			710,219
Proceeds from stock options exercise		5,607			–			–
Proceeds from notes payable to stockholders		390,000			670,000			845,000
Proceeds from line of credit, net		–			–			85,961
Repayment on finance leases and loans		(1,126,095	)		(1,026,181	)		(1,136,863	)
Net cash (used in)/provided by financing activities		(717,402	)		(205,287	)		504,317
Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents		73,646			(31,199	)		13,631
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		2,750			(79,181	)		(30,517	)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year		55,393			134,574			165,091
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	$	58,143		$	55,393		$	134,574

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F-6

Prime Acquisition Corp.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Years Ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015

(continued)

2017 Non cash transactions

During 2017, the convertible promissory notes issued to one of the directors in 2014 and subsequently renewed in 2015 and in 2016 reached maturity. The Company was not in a position to repay the notes or the accrued interest. As a result, the Company issued new unsecured convertible promissory notes to the director (see note 20 — Related Party Transactions and Balances). The beneficial conversion feature of these notes for the year ended December 31, 2017 amounted to $59,298.

During 2017, Kaiyuan Real Estate Development (“Kaiyuan”) and the Company have reached an agreement to cancel the outstanding payable of $203,312 in full (see note 20 — Related Party Transactions and Balances). The management deemed this transaction a non-cash capital contribution to the Company.

On November 10, 2017, the Company returned one of the Subsidiaries (Nova S.r.l.) acquired through the closing of the Nova Purchase Agreement to the original seller in exchange for the return of 53,828 of the Company’s shares. No additional cash was received in addition to the Company’s share returned (see note 9 — Discontinued Operations).

2016 Non cash transactions

During 2016, the convertible promissory notes issued to one of the directors in 2014 and subsequently renewed in 2015 reached maturity. The Company was not in a position to repay the notes or the accrued interest. As a result, the Company issued new unsecured convertible promissory notes to the director (see note 20 — Related Party Transactions and Balances). The beneficial conversion feature of these notes for the year ended December 31, 2016 amounted to $581,505.

2015 Non cash transactions

On July 7, 2015, the Company returned one of the Subsidiaries (SIM S.r.l.) acquired through the closing of the SIM Purchase Agreement to the original seller in exchange for the return of 220,000 of the Company’s shares. No additional cash was exchanged in addition to the Company’s share returned (see note 9 — Discontinued Operations).

During 2015, the convertible promissory notes issued to one of the directors in 2014 reached maturity. The Company was not in a position to repay the notes or the accrued interest. As a result, the Company issued new unsecured convertible promissory notes to the director (see note 20 — Related Party Transactions and Balances). The beneficial conversion feature of these notes for the year ended December 31, 2015 amounted to $1,842,681.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F-7

PRIME ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1 — Corporate Information and Plan of Business Operations

The consolidated financial statements of Prime Acquisition Corp. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (collectively, the “Group”) for the year ended December 31, 2017 were authorized for issue in accordance with a resolution of the directors on April 30, 2018. Prime Acquisition Corp. (the “Company”) is a Cayman Islands exempted company initially organized as a blank check company for the purpose of acquiring, through a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, plan of arrangement, recapitalization, reorganization or similar business combination, an operating business in 2010. The registered office is located at No 322, Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 05001, China.

The Group is principally engaged in the management of investment property (see note 14 — Investment Properties). On September 30, 2013, the Company consummated a business combination (the “Business Combination”), through Prime Luxembourg S.a.r.l (a Luxembourg company and wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, “LuxCo”), by acquiring 100% of Seba S.r.l. (“Seba”), Nova S.r.l. (“Nova”), Delfin S.r.l. (“Delfin”), SIM S.r.l. (“SIM”), Dieci Real Estate S.r.l. (“Dieci”), Ellegi S.r.l. (“Ellegi”), G.S.I. S.r.l. (“GSI”), Magfin S.r.l. (“Magfin”), all are Italian limited liability companies (collectively the “Subsidiaries”) for an aggregate of 1,719,317 ordinary shares. The fair value of the shares is the closing market price of the Company at the acquisition date, at $10.96 per share. The fair value of the consideration given was therefore $18,843,714. As a result of this Business Combination, eleven properties were acquired. All of the properties in the portfolio are commercial real estate assets located in Italy. The existing strategic management function and associated processes were acquired with the property and, as such, the Company’s management considers this transaction the acquisition of a business, rather than an asset acquisition. Immediately following consummation of the Business Combination, the Company had a total of 3,635,344 ordinary shares outstanding.

On December 18, 2014, the Company entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Seba Purchase Agreement”) with LuxCo, Seba, at the time LuxCo’s wholly owned subsidiary, Francesco Rotondi and Luca Failla (the former owners of Seba prior to the Business Combination). Pursuant to the Seba Purchase Agreement, on December 18, 2014, Messrs. Rotondi and Failla acquired all of the outstanding equity interests in Seba in exchange for the return of 497,308 of the Company’s shares (the “Seba Consideration Shares”, the Seba Purchase Agreement event “Unwinding”). Seba’s sole asset consists of four floors of Corso Europa 22, an office building in central Milan. As a result, immediately following the closing of this Seba Purchase Agreement, the Company had a total of 2,682,413 ordinary shares outstanding and the Company’s portfolio comprised of eleven properties (see note 14 — Investment Properties).

Additionally in connection with the Seba Purchase Agreement:

1. The Company, LuxCo, Messrs. Rotondi and Failla and Giuseppe Pantaleo entered into an agreement which terminated the Transaction Value Agreement dated September 30, 2013 among them (the “Seba-Nova TVA”). The Seba-Nova TVA required the Company to make Messrs. Rotondi, Failla and Pantaleo whole in the event that the average sales price of all of the shares that were issued to them were sold in public market transactions at less than $10 per share.

2. The Company, LuxCo, Nova, and Mr. Rotondi entered into an option agreement (the “Option Agreement”) pursuant to which Mr. Rotondi would have the right to purchase all of the equity interests in Nova owned by LuxCo in the event that (i) the mortgage payments that Mr. Rotondi has personally guaranteed are not made, or (ii) a certain power of attorney that would facilitate the transfer of Nova’s equity interests to Mr. Rotondi is not renewed. The Option Agreement will terminate on the repayment of the mortgages or the termination of Mr. Rotondi’s personal guaranties. The consideration for the exercise of the option would be the return of 50,000 shares of the Company’s ordinary shares. Nova’s sole asset consists of two floors of Corso Europa 22, an office building in central Milan. As of December 31, 2016, the mortgages were not repaid in full and Mr. Rotondi remains the personal guarantor of the mortgages. On November 10, 2017, Mr. Rotondi exercised this option on the return of 50,000 shares of our ordinary shares, together with 3,828 of our shares that Mr. Giuseppe Pantaleo owned, in exchange for 100% ownership of Nova. As a result, a total of 53,828 shares were returned to the Company.

Separately, on December 15, 2014, the Company, LuxCo, Cesare Lanati, Stefano Lanati, Davide Rigamonte Bell Real Estate S.r.l. and IGS S.r.l. entered into an agreement which terminated the Transaction Value Agreement dated September 30, 2013 among them (the “Bell TVA”). The Bell TVA, similar to the aforementioned Seba-Nova TVA, required the Company to make Messrs. Lanati, Lanati and Rigamonte and Bell Real Estate S.r.l. and IGS S.r.l. whole in the event that the average sales price of all of the shares that were issued to them were sold in public market transactions at less than $10 per share. As a result of the cancellation of Bell TVA and Seba-Nova TVA, there are no Transaction Value Agreements outstanding as of December 31, 2014.

F-8

PRIME ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

On June 26, 2015, the Company entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “SIM Purchase Agreement”) with Prime Luxembourg S.a.r.l., the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary (“LuxCo”), GSI S.r.l, LuxCo’s wholly-owned subsidiary (“GSI”), SIM S.r.l., at the time owned by LuxCo and GSI (“SIM”), Bell Real Estate S.r.l. (“Bell”), Cesare Lanati and Stefano Lanati (Bell, Cesare Lanati and Stefano Lanati are collectively referred to as the “SIM Buyers”). On July 7, 2015, the SIM Buyers acquired all of the outstanding equity interests in SIM in exchange for the return of 220,000 of the Company’s shares (the “SIM Consideration Shares”). 134,200 shares (61%) were returned to the Company for immediate cancellation, 85,800 shares (39%) were returned to GSI and remained as the Company’s treasury shares. SIM’s sole asset consists of the property located at Via Newton 9, Milan, Italy. As a result, immediately following the closing of this SIM Purchase Agreement, the Company had a total of 2,294,332 ordinary shares outstanding and the Company’s portfolio comprised of ten properties (see note 14 — Investment Properties). In addition, in connection with the transactions contemplated by the SIM Purchase Agreement, the Company extinguished certain trade liabilities associated with its portfolio of properties and the SIM Buyers.

During 2015, the Company established a new subsidiary in Italy, Imperatrice S.r.l. (“Imperatrice”), through LuxCo. This new subsidiary was established for the potential future acquisitions of real estate investment properties in Italy. The Company owned 100% of Imperatrice. On December 31, 2017, the Company ceased the operations of Imperatrice through a voluntary liquidation process (“Imperatrice Liquidation”). As of December 31, 2017, there were no acquisitions of real estate investment properties consummated by Imperatrice.

On November 10, 2017, the Company entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Nova Purchase Agreement”) with LuxCo, Nova, at the time LuxCo’s wholly owned subsidiary, Francesco Rotondi and Giuseppe Pantaleo (a related party of Mr. Rotondi). Pursuant to the Nova Purchase Agreement, on November 10, 2017, Messrs. Rotondi and Pantaleo acquired all of the outstanding equity interests in Nova in exchange for the return of 53,828 of the Company’s shares (the “Nova Consideration Shares”, the Nova Purchase Agreement event “Nova Sale”). Nova’s sole asset consisted of two floors of Corso Europa 22, an office building in central Milan. As a result, immediately following the closing of the Nova Purchase Agreement, the Company had a total of 1,903,723 ordinary shares outstanding and 139,628 shares as treasury shares. Subsequent to the closing of the Nova Purchase Agreement, the Company’s portfolio is comprised of nine properties (see note 14 — Investment Properties).

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming the Group will continue as a going concern. The Group has incurred recurring operating losses, negative cash flows from operations, and has a working capital deficiency as of December 31, 2017. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern.

The real estate portfolio of nine properties as of December 31, 2017 in Italy did not generate sufficient positive cash flows. Management believes that when the market conditions are more favorable, some of these properties may be liquidated to generate cash. Although real estate transactions in the greater Milan area have improved during 2016, with the positive trend continuing in 2017, compared to 2015 and 2014, they have been relatively few when compared to pre-financial crisis levels, and an actual transaction may take longer than viable for the Company’s current needs.

The Group’s ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon management’s ability to generate profitable operations in the future and obtain the necessary financing to meet obligations and pay liabilities arising from business operations when they come due. If the Group does not generate profitable operations or obtain the necessary financing, the Group may not have enough operating funds to continue to operate as a going concern. There is no assurance that the Company will be able to secure such financing. A failure to generate profitable operations or obtain additional financing could prevent the Group from paying current obligations, allow the hiring of additional resources and continue its operating strategy. The Group is actively seeking additional capital through private placements of equity and debt.

The funding of the Group has been primarily by the Company entering into interest bearing unsecured convertible promissory notes with one of the directors (see note 20 — Related Party Transactions and Balances). However, if additional financing from a different source is not obtained, the Group may not be able to execute its business plan and may need to curtail certain of its operations.

F-9

PRIME ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The Group continues to seek additional capital and liquidity sources through investment bankers and potential investors. Management is currently in discussions with several funding sources for a combination of debt and equity financing. However, there can be no assurance the Group will be able to obtain funding from these sources.

Note 2 — Basis of Presentation

(a) Statement of compliance

The consolidated financial statements of the Group have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) and its related interpretations as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB).

(b) Basis of measurement

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis except for the following which are measured at fair value:

· Investment properties; and

· Derivative financial instruments

(c) Functional and presentation currency

The consolidated financial statements are presented in US dollars, which is the Group’s functional currency. All financial information presented in US dollars has been rounded to the nearest dollar amount, except when otherwise indicated.

(d) Use of estimates and judgments

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses and the disclosure of contingent liabilities at the reporting date. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimates are revised and in any future periods affected.

(e) Basis of consolidation

The consolidated financial statements comprise the financial statements of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries as of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.

The Subsidiaries are consolidated from September 30, 2013 (the date of Business Combination), being the date on which the Company obtained control, and continue to be consolidated until the date when such control ceases. The financial statements of the subsidiaries are prepared for the same reporting period as the parent company, using consistent accounting policies. All intra-group balances, transactions, unrealized gains and losses resulting from intra-group transactions are eliminated in consolidation.

F-10

PRIME ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

On July 7, 2015, the Company ceased control of SIM through the closing of the SIM Purchase Agreement in exchange for the return of 220,000 of the Company’s shares. SIM’s operating results through July 7, 2015 are reported as discontinued operations on the Group’s consolidated statements of loss and comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2015.

On November 10, 2017, the Company ceased control of Nova through the closing of the Nova Purchase Agreement in exchange for the return of 53,828 of the Company’s shares. Nova’s operating results through November 10, 2017 are reported as discontinued operations on the Group’s consolidated statements of loss and comprehensive loss for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.

On December 31, 2017, the Company ceased operations of Imperatrice through a voluntary liquidation process. Imperatrice’s operating results through December 31, 2017 are reported as continuing operations in the Group’s consolidated statement of loss and comprehensive loss for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.

Note 3 — Significant Accounting Policies

(a) Determination of Fair Values

A number of the Group’s accounting policies and disclosures require the determination of fair value, for both financial assets and liabilities. Fair values have been determined for measurement and/or disclosure purposes based on the following methods. Where applicable, further information about the assumptions made in determining fair values is disclosed in the notes specific to that asset or liability.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

The Group uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximizing the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:

· Level 1 – Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

· Level 2 – Inputs other than quoted market prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices)

· Level 3 – Inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs)

For assets and liabilities that are valued in the consolidated financial statements on a recurring basis, the Group determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorization (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.

(b) Revenue

Rental income is recognized in the period on an accrual basis if the amount of revenue can be measured reliably and it is probable that the Group will receive the consideration.

F-11

PRIME ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The Group is the lessor in operating leases. Rental income arising from operating leases on investment property and is accounted for on a straight-line basis over the lease terms and is included in the consolidated statements of loss and comprehensive loss due to its operating nature, except for contingent rental income which is recognized when it arises.

Amounts received from tenants to terminate leases or to compensate for dilapidations are recognized in the consolidated statements of loss and comprehensive loss when the right to receive them arises.

(c) Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and short-term deposits in the consolidated statements of financial position comprise cash held at banks and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less.

(d) Loans and Borrowings

All loans and borrowings are initially recognized at fair value, less directly attributable transaction costs. After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method.

In accordance with IAS 17 — Leases, the direct costs of the leases are added to the amount recognized as an asset and amortized over the duration of the leases.

(e) Trade and Other Receivables

Trade and other receivables are recognized at their original invoiced value. The fair values of trade and other receivables classified as loans and receivables are not materially different from their net carrying values. A provision is made when there is objective evidence that the Group will not be able to recover balances in full. Balances are written off when the probability of recovery is assessed as being remote.

(f) Income Taxes

The Company was incorporated as a Cayman Islands exempted company and therefore the Group is not currently subject to income tax in the Cayman Islands or United States of America.

The Subsidiaries are subject to income taxes in Italy and judgment is required in determining the provision for income taxes. During the ordinary course of business, there are transactions and calculations for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. As a result, the Subsidiaries recognize tax liabilities based on estimates of whether additional taxes and interest will be due. These tax liabilities are recognized when the Group’s management believes that certain positions are likely to be challenged and may not be fully sustained upon review by tax authorities. The Group’s management believes that its accruals for tax liabilities are adequate for all open audit years based on its assessment of many factors, including past experience and interpretations of tax law. This assessment relies on estimates and assumptions and may involve a series of complex judgments about future events. To the extent that the final tax outcome of these matters is different than the amount recorded, such differences will impact income tax expense in the period in which such determination is made.

(g) Deferred Taxation

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized where the carrying amount of an asset or liability in the consolidated statements of financial position differs from its tax base.

F-12

PRIME ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Recognition of deferred tax assets is restricted to those instances where it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the difference can be utilized.

The amount of the asset or liability is determined using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date and are expected to apply when the deferred tax liabilities/(assets) are settled/(recovered).

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when the Group has a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities and the deferred tax assets and liabilities relate to taxes levied by the same tax authority on either:

· The same taxable group company; or

· Different group entities which intend either to settle current tax assets and liabilities on a net basis, or to realize the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously, in each future period in which significant amounts of deferred tax assets or liabilities are expected to be settled or recovered.

(h) Property and equipment

Property and equipment are initially recognized at cost. Depreciation is provided on property and equipment so as to write off their carrying value over their expected useful economic lives. Depreciation is provided at the following rates:

Plant and machinery – 7.5% per annum straight line

Fixture and fittings – 15.0% per annum straight line

Office and office related equipment – 20% per annum straight line

(i) Share-Based Payment

Share-based payment awards granted to employees and non-employees are recognized as stock option expense, with a corresponding increase in equity, over the period that the optionees become unconditionally entitled to the awards. The amount recognized as an expense is adjusted to reflect the number of awards for which the related service and non-market performance conditions are expected to be met, such that the amount ultimately recognized as an expense is based on the number of awards that meet the related service and non-market performance conditions at the vesting date.

The Group estimates the fair value of option awards using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Determining the fair value of awards under this model represents management’s best estimates, but these estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management judgment.

(j) Earnings/(loss) per Share

Basic earnings/(loss) per share is computed by dividing net profit/(loss) by the weighted-average number of ordinary shares outstanding at the end of the year.  

Warrants and options are excluded from the computation of fully diluted loss per share if their effect is anti-dilutive.

(k) Provisions

Provisions for environmental restoration, restructuring costs and legal claims are recognized when: the Group has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events; it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation; and the amount has been reliably estimated. Restructuring provisions comprise lease termination penalties and employee termination payments. Provisions are not recognized for future operating losses.

F-13

PRIME ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Where there are a number of similar obligations, the likelihood that an outflow will be required in settlement is determined by considering the class of obligations as a whole. A provision is recognized even if the likelihood of an outflow with respect to any one item included in the same class of obligations may be small.

Provisions are measured at the present value of the expenditures expected to be required to settle the obligation using a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the obligation. The increase in the provision due to passage of time is recognized as interest expense.

(l) Geographical Risk

The Subsidiaries’ operations are located in Italy. Therefore, they are subject to local government regulations and to the uncertainties of the economic and political conditions of this area.

The overall performance is affected by the increase or decrease of the gross Italian national product. Europe experienced a general slowdown in its economy, especially in Italy during 2014 and 2015, with a slight improvement in the economic trend in Italy during 2016 and continued positive trend in 2017.

(m) Foreign currencies

The financial statements of the Subsidiaries were translated from Euro to U.S. Dollars pursuant to the provisions of IAS 21 “The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates,” as follows:

· Assets and liabilities were translated using the exchange rate at the balance sheet date

· Amounts in the statement of operations were translated at an appropriate weighted average rate for the period presented

· The subsidiaries equity accounts were translated using historical exchange rates

· The translation adjustments resulting from translating the foreign entity’s financial statements are reported separately in Translation Reserve as a separate component of stockholders’ equity

(n) Business Combination

Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method. The cost of an acquisition is the aggregate of the consideration transferred measured at the acquisition date fair value. Acquisition-related costs are expensed as incurred and included in other expenses.

When the Group acquires a business, it assesses the financial assets and liabilities assumed for appropriate classification and designation in accordance with the contractual terms, economic circumstances and pertinent conditions as of the acquisition date.

Goodwill is initially measured at cost, being the excess of the aggregate of the consideration transferred over the net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed.

After initial recognition, goodwill is measured at cost less any accumulated impairment losses. For the purpose of impairment testing, goodwill acquired in a business combination is, from the acquisition date, allocated to each of the Group’s cash-generating units that are expected to benefit from the combination, irrespective of whether other assets or liabilities of the acquiree are assigned to those units.

Goodwill is tested for impairment annually as at December 31 and when circumstances indicate that the carrying value may be impaired.

F-14

PRIME ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Impairment is determined for goodwill by assessing the recoverable amount of each cash-generating unit to which the goodwill relates. Where the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit is less than the carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognized. Impairment losses relating to goodwill cannot be reversed in future periods.

(o) Operating lease contracts – the Group as lessor

The Group has entered into commercial property leases on its investment property portfolio. The Group has determined, based on an evaluation of the terms and conditions of the arrangements, particularly the duration of the lease terms and minimum lease payments, that it retains all the significant risks and rewards of ownership of these properties and so accounts for the leases as operating leases.

(p) Leases – Group as lessee

The determination of whether an arrangement is, or contains, a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at the inception date. The arrangement is assessed for whether fulfillment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset(s) or the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset(s), even if that right is not explicitly specified in the arrangement.

Finance leases, which transfer to the Group substantially all the risks and benefits incidental to ownership of the leased item, are capitalized at the inception of the lease at the fair value of the leased property or, if lower, at the present value of the minimum lease payments.

Lease payments are apportioned between the finance charges and the reduction of the lease liability so as to achieve a constant rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. Finance charges are charged to the statements of loss and comprehensive loss as they arise.

(q) Derivative financial instruments – Initial recognition and subsequent measurement

The Group used interest rate swaps in 2016 and 2015 to hedge its risks associated with interest rates. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognized at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at fair value. Derivatives are carried as assets when the fair value is positive and as liabilities when the fair value is negative. They are carried in the consolidated statements of financial position at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in the consolidated statements of loss and comprehensive loss.

In addition, the Group issued convertible promissory notes to certain directors to provide for temporary liquidity. These convertible promissory notes are classified as convertible notes with an embedded derivative liability in accordance with IAS 32 – Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement. The embedded derivative liability is calculated first and the residual value is assigned to the debt host liability component. A host loan is accounted for at amortized cost, with an embedded derivative liability being measured at fair value with changes in value being recognized in the consolidated statements of loss and comprehensive loss.

(r) Share Capital

Ordinary shares are classified as equity.

(s) New standards and interpretations not yet adopted

Standards issued but not yet effective as of the date of issuance of the Group’s financial statements are listed below. This listing of standards and interpretations issued are those that the Group reasonably expects to have on impact on disclosures, financial position or performance when applied at a future date. The Group intends to adopt these standards when they become effective.

F-15

PRIME ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

IFRS 9 Financial instruments: Classification and Measurement

IFRS 9, as issued in 2010, reflects the first phase of the IASB’s work on the replacement of IAS 39 and applies to classification and measurement of financial assets and financial liabilities as defined in IAS 39. The standard was initially effective for annual reports beginning on or after January 1, 2013. In November 2013, Chapter 6 of IFRS on hedge accounting was published. At the same time, Chapter 7 containing the effective date and transition provisions was amended to remove the mandatory effective date of IFRS 9. Entities may still choose to apply IFRS 9 immediately, but are not required to do so.

In subsequent phases, the IASB is addressing impairment of financial assets. The adoption of the first phase of IFRS 9 will have an effect on the classification and measurement of the Group’s financial assets, but will not have an impact on classification and measurements of financial liabilities. The Group will quantify the effect in conjunction with the other phases, when the final standard including all phases is issued.

IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers

The IASB have issued a new revenue recognition standard, IFRS 15 in May 2014, which replaces all existing IFRS revenue requirements. The standard applies to all revenue contracts and provides a model for the recognition and measurement of sales of some non-financial assets. Application is required for all annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018. There are new specific requirements in respect of variable consideration such that it is only included in the transaction price if it is highly probable that the amount of revenue recognized would not be subject to significant future reversals as a result of subsequent re-estimation. The adoption of IFRS 15 is not expected to have a significant impact on the revenue recognition as the management has determined that the Company’s revenue is from leases which are outside the scope of IFRS 15.

IFRS 16 Leases

IFRS 16 specifies how an IFRS reporter will recognize, measure, present and disclose leases. The standard provides a single lessee accounting model, requiring lessees to recognize assets and liabilities for all leases unless the lease term is 12 months or less or the underlying asset has a low value. Lessors continue to classify leases as operating or finance, with IFRS 16’s approach to lessor accounting substantially unchanged from its predecessor, IAS 17.

IFRS 16 was issued in January 2016 and applies to annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2019. The effect of this to the Group’s consolidated financial statements is undetermined at this time.

Note 4 — Depreciation, Bad Debt and Other Provisions

Details of depreciation and bad debt provision are as follows:

	2017		2016*		2015*
Depreciation of property and equipment	$	3,574	$	3,229	$	3,160
Bad debt and other provisions		63,954		–		9,814
Total depreciation, bad debt and other provisions	$	67,528	$	3,229	$	12,974

There was no provision for bad debt for the year ended December 31, 2016 due to the Group’s proactive cash collection policy during 2016.

*   Restated for discontinued operations (see note 9 — Discontinued Operations)

F-16

PRIME ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 5 — Other Expenses

Details of other expenses is shown in the table below:

	2017		2016*		2015*
Rental costs	$	24,012	$	–	$	6,697
Staff costs		249,624		252,850		201,423
Sundry operating expenses		623,165		202,932		283,601
Taxation on buildings		175,699		172,120		172,489
Administrative and other expenses		157,315		153,930		834,640
Maintenance expenses		260,287		260,156		244,221
Insurance costs		24,838		120,949		122,492
Legal expenses		84,886		128,166		356,775
Professional fees		329,952		488,327		489,209
Bank fees		15,919		26,407		22,023
Licenses, registration & fees		6,346		7,411		5,821
Non-employee stock based compensation		95,419		370,040		260,819
Travel expense		28,534		62,317		70,848
Total other expenses	$	2,075,996	$	2,245,605	$	3,071,058

*   Restated for discontinued operations (see note 9 — Discontinued Operations)

Note 6 — Finance Income and Costs

The details of finance income and costs on the statements of loss and comprehensive loss are as follows:

Finance income	2017		2016*		2015*
Finance income from variation of fair value on interest rate swap agreements	$	–	$	18,096	$	33,558
Other finance income		9,223		1,521		1,331
Total finance income	$	9,223	$	19,617	$	34,889

Finance costs	2017		2016*		2015*
Finance cost on note payable to underwriters and other debt	$	2,429,551	$	2,638,729	$	2,913,809
Interest expense of bank loans, revolving line of credit and finance leases		891,288		1,117,405		1,045,243
Total finance costs	$	3,320,839	$	3,756,134	$	3,959,052

*   Restated for discontinued operations (see note 9 — Discontinued Operations)

F-17

PRIME ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 7 — Income Taxes

Income taxes relating to continuing operations for the years ended December 31 are as follows:

	2017			2016*			2015*
Current tax
In respect of the current year	$	166,252		$	34,261		$	183,005
In respect of the prior year		(14,227	)		6,663			(12,664	)
Others fiscal unit **		6,614			1,443			(148,834	)
		158,639			42,367			21,507
Deferred tax (see note 8 — Deferred Taxes)
In respect of the current year		15,867			(130,306	)		122,386
		15,867			(130,306	)		122,386
Total income tax expense/(benefit) recognized in the current year relating to continuing operations	$	174,506		$	(87,939	)	$	143,893

The income tax expense for the years ended December 31 can be reconciled to the accounting profit as follows:

	2017			2016*			2015*
Profit/(loss) before tax from continuing operations	$	(2,758,561	)	$	(427,636	)	$	(5,969,746	)
Income tax expense/(benefit) calculated at 27.9%, 31.4% and 31.4% for the year ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 respectively	$	(769,639	)	$	(134,278	)	$	(1,874,501	)
Effect of (income)/expenses that are exempt from taxation		–			9,795			965,868
Effect of expenses that are not deductible in determining taxable profit		235,350			180,042			460,519
Effect of unused tax losses and tax offsets not recognized as deferred tax assets		746,964			136,125			836,295
Effect of previously unrecognized and unused tax losses and deductible temporary differences now recognized as deferred tax assets		(28,760	)		(34,200	)		(34,904	)
Effect of new tax rule in fiscal unit **		6,614			(48,284	)		(148,834	)
Effect of prior year taxes		(14,227	)		6,663			(12,664	)
Effect of future change of fiscal aliquota*** on deferred taxes (previous years)		–			(261,115	)		–
Effect of future change of fiscal aliquota on deferred taxes (generated in 2016)		–			18,258			–
Others		(1,796)			39,054			(47,886	)
Income tax expense/(benefit) recognized in profit or loss relating to continuing operations (current & deferred)	$	174,506		$	(87,939	)	$	143,893

*   Restated for discontinued operations (see note 9 — Discontinued Operations)

The tax rate used for the 2017, 2016 and 2015 reconciliations above is the tax rate of 27.9%, 27.9% and 31.4% on taxable profits in Italy, respectively. This tax rate consists of both IRES (an Italian corporate income tax) and IRAP (an Italian regional production tax).

** During 2016, the Italian fiscal authority issued a new tax rule beginning in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015 and continuing through 2017 allowing utilization of fiscal unit structure in tax reporting to offset and utilize operating losses amongst subsidiaries with common ownership, resulting in tax benefits to the Group.

***Aliquota is the combined total tax rate of IRES and IRAP (see note 8 — Deferred Taxes).

F-18

PRIME ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 8 — Deferred Taxes

The amount of unused tax losses for which no deferred tax assets are recognized in the consolidated statements of financial position as of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 was $41,632, $542,357 and $935,866, respectively, with no expiration date limitation.

Deferred tax is calculated in full on temporary differences using a tax rate of 24%, 24% and 27.5% for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively, if the temporary difference is subject only to IRES (an Italian corporate income tax) rules, or 27.9%, 27.9% and 31.4% for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively, if the temporary difference is subject both to IRES and IRAP (an Italian regional production tax) rules.

The new Italian legislation amended the IRES rates from 27.5% to 24% in 2017 to be used for the income tax calculation of accounting periods ending in the year 2017 and 2016.

The movement on the deferred tax account is as shown below:

	2017			2016			2015
At January 1	$	(2,557,571	)	$	(2,764,734	)	$	(3,738,082	)
Recognized directly in equity
Sale of SIM (see note 9 — Discontinued Operations)		–			–			315,325
Sale of Nova (see note 9 — Discontinued Operations)		206,679			–			–
Currency exchange difference		(383,555	)		71,026			370,358
Recognized in profit and loss
Deferred tax benefit/(expense)		(15,867)			136,137			287,665
At December 31,	$	(2,750,314	)	$	(2,557,571	)	$	(2,764,734	)

Details of the deferred tax liability and amounts recognized in net loss are as follows:

	2017		2017			2017			2017
	Asset		Liability			(Charged) / Net			Movement
Adjustment for IFRS purposes (deductible/taxable for local tax rules in future fiscal years)
Writing off of intangibles	$	507,880	$	–		$	507,880		$	59,767
Writing off of tangibles		–		(48,009	)		(48,009	)		11,164
Accounting of lease contracts according to IAS 17		–		(1,997,805	)		(1,997,805	)		191,956
Accounting of investment properties according to fair value		–		(948,648	)		(948,648	)		(225,124	)
Loss on investments (internal restructuring)		–		(263,732	)		(263,732	)		–
Other temporary differences
Bad debt provision		–		–			–			2,780
Others		–		–			–			(24,676	)
Total	$	507,880	$	(3,258,194	)	$	(2,750,314	)	$	15,867

F-19

PRIME ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

	2016		2016			2016			2016*
	Asset		Liabilities			(Charged) / Net			Movement
Adjustment for IFRS purposes (deductible/taxable for local tax rules in future fiscal years)
Writing off of intangibles	$	501,880	$	–		$	501,880		$	97,213
Writing off of tangibles		–		(149,164	)		(149,164	)		8,424
Accounting of lease contracts according to IAS 17		–		(1,574,288	)		(1,574,289	)		14,091
Accounting of investment properties according to fair value		–		(1,107,110	)		(1,107,110	)		(272,437	)
Mark to market on derivative instruments		–		–			–			53,034
Loss on investments (internal restructuring)		–		(231,484	)		(231,484	)		(30,470	)
Other temporary differences
Bad debt provision		2,596		–			2,596			397
Provision for risk		–		–			–			217
Others		–		–			–			(775	)
Total	$	504,476	$	(3,062,046	)	$	(2,557,571	)	$	(130,306	)

	2015		2015			2015			2015*
	Asset		Liabilities			(Charged) / Net			Movement
Adjustment for IFRS purposes (deductible/taxable for local tax rules in future fiscal years)
Writing off of intangibles	$	611,712	$	–		$	611,712		$	48,844
Writing off of tangibles		–		(120,387	)		(120,387	)		12,234
Accounting of lease contracts according to IAS 17		–		(1,606,270	)		(1,606,270	)		253,125
Accounting of investment properties according to fair value		–		(1,436,973	)		(1,436,973	)		(481,360	)
Mark to market on derivative instruments		52,013		–			52,013			10,537
Loss on investments (internal restructuring)		–		(268,103	)		(268,103	)		273,955
Other temporary differences
Bad debt provision		3,061		–			3,061			5,538
Others		213		–			213			(487	)
Total	$	666,999	$	(3,431,733	)	$	(2,764,734	)	$	(122,386	)

*Restated for discontinued operations (see note 9 — Discontinued Operations)  

Note 9 — Discontinued Operations

SIM Sale

On July 7, 2015, the Company ceased control of SIM through the closing of the SIM Purchase Agreement in exchange for the return of 220,000 of the Company’s shares. Total consideration received for the sale was $879,914. The net carrying value of SIM on July 7, 2015 was $912,254. As a result, the Group recognized a loss of $32,340 on the sale of SIM. SIM’s operating results from January 1, 2015 to July 7, 2015 is reported as discontinued operations on the Group’s consolidated statements of loss and comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2015.

F-20

PRIME ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The results of SIM for the year ended December 31, 2015 are presented below:

Rental income	$	65,110
Other revenues		9,021
Expenses		(96,857	)
Operating (loss)/income		(22,726	)
Finance costs		(18,564	)
Loss before tax from discontinued operations		(41,290	)
Deferred tax expense		(15,488	)
Net loss from discontinued operations		(56,778	)
Loss on foreign currency exchange on discontinued operation		(248,359	)
Loss from discontinued operations	$	(305,137	)

Loss per share:
Basic loss per share from discontinued operations	$	(0.13	)
Diluted loss per share from discontinued operations	$	(0.13	)

Net cash flows for SIM are as follows:

Operating	$	377,117
Investing		(1,339	)
Financing		(389,425	)
Net cash outflow	$	(13,647	)

The following is a condensed statements of financial position for SIM as of July 7, 2015 (date of disposition):

Investment properties	$	2,672,288
Other current assets		(255,710	)
Total assets	$	2,416,578
Stockholder's equity	$	912,255
Loans & borrowings		1,382,295
Other Liabilities		122,028
Total equity and liabilities	$	2,416,578

Nova Sale

On November 10, 2017, the Company ceased control of Nova through the closing of the Nova Purchase Agreement in exchange for the return of 53,828 of the Company’s shares. Total consideration received for the sale was $80,742. The net carrying value of Nova on November 10, 2017 was $166,246. In addition, certain inter-company payables from Nova were forgiven prior to the transaction in the amount of $49,696. As a result, the Group recognized a loss of $135,200 on the sale of Nova. Nova’s operating results from January 1, 2017 to November 10, 2017 and for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 are reported as discontinued operations on the Group’s consolidated statements of loss and comprehensive loss for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.

F-21

PRIME ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The results of Nova for the year ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 are presented below:

(in US $)	2017			2016			2015
Rental income	$	167,940		$	128,261		$	205,355
Other revenues		24,842			2,766			2,479
Expenses		(318,211	)		(149,000	)		(173,275	)
Net fair value loss on revaluation of investment property		(84,150	)		(71,968	)		(1,436,932	)
Operating (loss)/income		(209,579	)		(89,941	)		(1,402,373	)
Finance costs		(146,249	)		(213,108	)		(213,864	)
Loss before tax from discontinued operations		(355,828	)		(303,049	)		(1,616,237	)
Tax expenses, current		144			71,772			63,276
Deferred tax (expense)/credit		(8,250	)		5,830			410,051
Net loss from discontinued operations		(363,934	)		(225,447	)		(1,142,910	)
Loss on sale of subsidiary		(135,200	)		–			–
Loss on foreign currency exchange on discontinued operation		(254,935	)		–			–
Loss from discontinued operations	$	(754,069	)	$	(225,447	)	$	(1,142,910	)

Loss per share:	2017			2016			2015
Basic loss for the year from discontinued operations	$	(0.39	)	$	(0.12	)	$	(0.50	)
Diluted loss for the year from discontinued operations	$	(0.39	)	$	(0.12	)		(0.50	)

Net cash flows for Nova are as follows:

	2017			2016			2015
Operating	$	61,784		$	(92,130	)	$	(43,269	)
Investing		–			162,769			(3,400	)
Financing		(46,376	)		(69,770	)		40,416
Net cash inflow/(outflow)	$	15,408		$	869		$	(6,253	)

F-22

PRIME ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The following is a condensed statement of financial position for Nova as of November 10, 2017 (date of disposition):

Investment properties	$	5,806,528
Other current assets		68,884
Total assets	$	5,875,412
Stockholder's equity	$	166,246
Loans & borrowing		4,853,590
Other liabilities		855,576
Total equity and liabilities	$	5,875,412

Note 10 – Financial Instruments – Risk Management

The Group, through its subsidiaries, is exposed to the following financial risks through its operations:

• Risks related to the general economic trend

• Risks related to fund requirements

• Other financial risks

• Credit risks

• Liquidity risk

• Interest rate risk

• Risk relevant to the environment

The Group is exposed to risks that arise from its use of financial instruments. This note describes the Group’s objectives, policies and processes for managing those risks and the methods used to measure them. Further quantitative information in respect of these risks is presented throughout these consolidated financial statements.

F-23

PRIME ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

There have been no substantive changes in the Group’s exposure to financial instruments risks, its objectives, policies and processes for managing those risks or the methods used to measure them during the period unless otherwise stated in this note.

i. Principal financial instruments

The principal financial instruments used by the Group, from which financial instrument risk arises, are as follows:

• Trade and other receivables

• Cash and cash equivalents

• Trade and other payables

• Revolving lines of credit

• Floating-rate bank loans and lease agreements

• Notes payable

A summary of the financial instruments held by category is provided below:

Financial assets

	December 31, 2017		December 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
Cash and cash equivalents	$	58,143	$	55,393	$	134,574
Trade and other receivables		407,010		900,077		842,879
Total financial assets	$	465,153	$	955,470	$	977,453

Financial liabilities

	December 31, 2017				December 31, 2016				December 31, 2015
	Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss		Financial liabilities at amortized cost		Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss		Financial liabilities at amortized cost		Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss		Financial liabilities at amortized cost
Trade and other payables	$	–	$	6,409,094	$	–	$	5,994,904	$	–	$	5,372,684
Loans and borrowings and notes payable		–		26,572,080		–		27,802,729		–		28,136,250
Derivatives financial liabilities		1,859,700		–		794,235		–		2,733,836		–
Total financial liabilities	$	1,859,700	$	32,981,174	$	794,235	$	33,797,633	$	2,733,836	$	33,508,934

F-24

PRIME ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Financial instruments measured at fair value

	Fair value measurements at December 31, 2017 using
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial liabilities
Derivative financial liabilities – convertible promissory notes	$	–	$	1,859,700	$	–

	Fair value measurements at December 31, 2016 using
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial liabilities
Derivative financial liabilities – convertible promissory notes	$	–	$	794,235	$	–

	Fair value measurements at December 31, 2015 using
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial liabilities	$		$		$
Derivative financial liabilities – convertible promissory notes		–		2,568,188		–
Derivative financial liabilities – interest rate swap agreement		–		165,648		–
Total financial liabilities	$	–	$	2,733,836	$	–

General objectives, policies and processes

The Board has overall responsibility for the determination of the Group’s risk management objectives and policies.

The overall objective of the Board is to set policies that seek to reduce risk as much as possible without unduly affecting the Group’s competitiveness and flexibility. Further details regarding these policies are set out below:

Risk related to the general economic trend

The Group performance is affected by the increase or decrease of the gross Italian national product. Europe experienced a general slowdown in its economy, especially in Italy during 2014 and 2015, with a slight improvement in the economic trend in Italy during 2016 and continued positive trend in 2017.

Related to fund requirements

Operations may not generate adequate financial resources for operations. The Group may need to raise necessary financial resources by obtaining new loans. If the Group attempts to obtain new loans in the future, management believes that the Group may encounter higher interest rate spreads and greater difficulties in obtaining long-term loans in comparison to the past.

Other financial risks

The Group is exposed to financial risks associated with its business operations:

• Credit risk in relation to normal trade transactions with customers;

• Liquidity risk, with particular reference to the raising of financial resources associated with investments and the financing of working capital;

• Market risks (mainly related to interest rates).

F-25

PRIME ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Credit risk

The granting of credit to end customers is subject to specific preliminary and on-going assessments of each tenant. Positions amongst trade receivables (if individually significant) for which objective partial or total non-recoverability is ascertained, are subject to individual write-down.

The Group’s cash is held with the following institutions:

Description	Rating		December 31, 2017		December 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
Cassa Rurale e Artigiana di Binasco Credito Coorperativo		N/A	$	19,225	$	28,016	$	87,046
Banca Intesa Sanpaolo		BBB		17,906		1,556		1,200
First Republic Bank		A-		7,363		4,467		22,989
Banca Cassa di Risparmio di Asti		N/A		5,755		5,296		6,527
Banca Popolare di Vicenza		CCC		5,570		8,942		10,244
ING Luxembourg		A+		2,050		2,980		2,831
Bank of China		A		–		3,246		1,406
Banca Popolare Commercio e Industria		C+		–		417		1,781
M&T Bank		A-		–		–		427
Total cash at bank			$	57,869	$	54,920	$	134,451

Accounts at the institutions in United States are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) for up to $250,000. Accounts at the institutions in Italy are guaranteed by Interbank Deposit Protection Fund for up to €100,000. The Company performs ongoing evaluations of these institutions to limit its concentration of risk exposure.

Foreign exchange risk

The Subsidiaries transactions are denominated in Euros. Therefore, the fair value of the investment properties may decrease if the Euro to US dollar exchange rate decreases, while the loans and borrowings would decrease accordingly. Management believes the foreign exchange risk the Group encounters is relatively low.

Liquidity risk

Liquidity risk may manifest with regards to the inability to raise the financial resources necessary for the anticipated investments under good economic conditions and for financing working capital.

The Group has adopted a series of policies and processes aimed at optimizing the management of the financial resources, reducing the liquidity risk, such as the maintenance of an adequate level of available liquidity, and obtaining adequate credit facilities and the systematic monitoring of the forecast liquidity conditions.

The following table sets out the contractual maturities (representing undiscounted contractual cash-flows) of financial liabilities:

At December 31, 2017	Up to 1 year		Between 1 and 5 years		Over 5 years		Total
Trade and other payables	$	6,389,497	$	19,597	$	–	$	6,409,094
Loans and borrowings		4,438,354		3,967,793		14,178,454		22,584,601
Notes payable to stockholders		3,987,479		–		–		3,987,479
Derivative financial liabilities		1,859,700		–		–		1,859,700
Total	$	16,675,030	$	3,987,390	$	14,178,454	$	34,840,874

F-26

PRIME ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

At December 31, 2016	Up to 1 year		Between 1 and 5 years		Over 5 years		Total
Trade and other payables	$	5,914,549	$	80,355	$	–	$	5,994,904
Loans and borrowings		4,206,847		5,021,073		16,089,243		25,317,163
Notes payable to stockholders		2,516,981		–		–		2,516,981
Derivative financial liabilities		794,235		–		–		794,235
Total	$	13,432,612	$	5,101,428	$	16,089,243	$	34,623,283

At December 31, 2015	Up to 1 year		Between 1 and 5 years		Over 5 years		Total
Trade and other payables	$	5,372,684	$	–	$	–	$	5,372,684
Loans and borrowings		5,087,208		4,034,053		17,686,726		26,807,987
Notes payable to stockholders		1,328,263		–		–		1,328,263
Derivative financial liabilities		2,733,836		–		–		2,733,836
Total	$	14,521,991	$	4,034,053	$	17,686,726	$	36,242,770

Risk relevant to the environment

The activities of the Group are not directly subject to authorization and environmental rules and regulations. The activities of some tenants may be subject to regulations on emissions in the atmosphere, waste disposal, wastewater disposal and land contamination ban.

Capital Disclosures

The Group monitors adjusted capital which comprises all components of equity (i.e. capital quotas, legal reserve, non-controlling interest and retained earnings).

The Group’s objectives when maintaining capital are:

• To safeguard the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern, so that it can continue to provide returns for shareholders and benefits for other stakeholders, and

• To provide an adequate return to shareholders by pricing services commensurate with the level of risk.

Note 11 — Operating Leases – Group as Lessor

The Group has entered into leases on its property portfolio. The commercial property leases typically have lease terms between 6 and 9 years and include clauses to enable periodic upward revision of the rental charge according to prevailing market conditions. Some leases contain options to terminate before the end of the lease term.

F-27

PRIME ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Future minimum rental receivable under non-cancellable operating leases as of December 31, 2017 is as follows: 

	2017
Within 1 year	$	2,035,573
After 1 year, but not more than 5 years		5,498,899
More than 5 years		94,939
Total	$	7,629,411

Note 12 — Earnings/(loss) per share

Basic and diluted earnings/(loss) per share is computed by dividing profit/(loss) for the year by the weighted-average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period.

Potentially dilutive securities include:

	Year ended December 31, 2017		Year ended December 31, 2016		Year ended December 31, 2015
Warrants to purchase common stock		6,733,292		6,733,292		7,241,054
Common stock in the unit purchase option for underwriters		–		–		215,000
Options in the unit purchase option for underwriters to purchase common stock		–		–		215,000
Convertible promissory notes issued to underwriters and other related parties subject to possible conversion		99,243		99,243		113,385
Convertible promissory notes issued to shareholder subject to possible conversion		2,833,344		1,744,603		1,392,602
Options to purchase common stock		473,944		374,650		107,813
Total potential dilutive securities		10,139,823		8,951,788		9,284,854

The exercise price of the Company’s warrants to purchase common stock is $5.00, expiring on March 30, 2018. During 2018, the Company extended the maturity date of these securities to March 30, 2020. The warrants may be called for redemption by the Company only if the last sale price of its ordinary shares on the stock exchange equals or exceeds $15.00 per share for any 20 trading days within a 30 trading day period. During 2016, the Company recognized the forfeiture of 507,762 shares underlying warrants pursuant to the founders’ units issued at the Company’s IPO in 2011 (see note 17 — Shareholders’ Equity).

The exercise price of the 215,000 units underlying the unit purchase option (“UPO”) issued to underwriters was $12.00 and expired on March 24, 2016. No UPO’s were exercised through the expiration date.

The warrants, UPO, options to purchase common stock, and the convertible promissory notes subject to possible conversion are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings/(loss) per share as of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, as their effect is anti-dilutive due to the net loss at the year end.

F-28

PRIME ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The following reflects the basic and diluted loss per share for the year ended December 31:

Basic loss per share	2017			2016*			2015*
From continuing operations	$	(1.50	)	$	(0.17	)	$	(2.66	)
From discontinued operations		(0.39	)		(0.12	)		(0.63	)
Total basic loss per share	$	(1.89	)	$	(0.29	)	$	(3.29	)

Diluted loss per share	2017			2016			2015
From continuing operations	$	(1.50	)	$	(0.17	)	$	(2.66	)
From discontinued operations		(0.39	)		(0.12	)		(0.63	)
Total diluted loss per share	$	(1.89	)	$	(0.29	)	$	(3.29	)

The loss and weighted average number of ordinary shares used in the calculation of basic earnings/(loss) per share for the year ended December 31 are as follows:

Basic loss per share	2017			2016*			2015*
Loss from continuing operations used in the calculation of basic loss per share	$	(2,933,067	)	$	(339,697	)	$	(6,113,639	)
Loss from discontinued operations used in the calculation of basic loss per share from discontinued operations		(363,934	)		(225,447	)		(1,448,047	)
Loss on sale of subsidiary		(135,200	)		–			–
Loss on foreign currency exchange on discontinued operations		(254,935	)		–			–
Loss used in the calculation of basic loss per share	$	(3,687,136	)	$	(565,144	)	$	(7,561,686	)
Weighted average number of ordinary shares for basic loss per share		1,949,061			1,954,651			2,299,462

The loss and weighted average number of ordinary shares used in the calculation of diluted loss per share for the year ended December 31 are as follows:

Diluted loss per share	2017			2016*			2015*
Loss from continuing operations used in the calculation of diluted loss per share	$	(2,933,067	)	$	(339,697	)	$	(6,113,639	)
Loss from discontinued operations used in the calculation of basic loss per share from discontinued operations		(363,934	)		(225,447	)		(1,448,047	)
Loss on sale of subsidiary		(135,200	)		–			–
Loss on foreign currency exchange on discontinued operations		(254,935	)		–			–
Loss used in the calculation of diluted loss per share	$	(3,687,136	)	$	(565,144	)	$	(7,561,686	)
Weighted average number of ordinary shares used in the calculation of basic loss per share		1,949,061			1,954,651			2,299,462
Weighted average number of ordinary shares used in the calculation of diluted loss per share		1,949,061			1,954,651			2,299,462

*Restated for discontinued operations (see note 9 — Discontinued Operations)

F-29

PRIME ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 13 — Property and Equipment

The table below shows the detailed movements which occurred in property and equipment during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, considering cost and accumulated depreciation separately.

Cost or valuation	Plant and machinery			Industrial and commercial equipment			Office and office-related equipment			Total
Balance at January 1, 2015	$	234,350		$	989		$	11,997		$	247,336
Additions		5,271			–			5,289			10,560
Disposals		(134,448	)		–			–			(134,448	)
Revaluations		(15,307	)		(91	)		(511	)		(15,909	)
Balance at December 31, 2015	$	89,866		$	898		$	16,775		$	107,539
Additions		–			–			1,480			1,480
Disposals		–			–			–			–
Revaluations		(120	)		(22	)		(211	)		(353	)
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	89,746		$	876		$	18,044		$	108,666
Additions		289			–			2,104			2,393
Disposals		(1,207	)		–			(2,104	)		(3,311	)
Revaluations		457			150			831			1,438
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	89,285		$	1,026		$	18,875		$	109,186

Accumulated depreciation	Plant and machinery		Industrial and commercial equipment		Office and office-related equipment		Total
Balance at January 1, 2015	$	85,179	$	108	$	5,105	$	90,392
Depreciation charge for the year		469		–		3,114		3,583
Balance at December 31, 2015	$	85,648	$	108	$	8,219	$	93,975
Depreciation charge for the year		495		–		3,149		3,644
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	86,143	$	108	$	11,368	$	97,619
Depreciation charge for the year		855		–		3,098		3,953
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	86,998	$	108	$	14,466	$	101,572
Property and equipment, net at December 31, 2015	$	4,218	$	790	$	8,556	$	13,564
Property and equipment, net at December 31, 2016	$	3,603	$	768	$	6,676	$	11,047
Property and equipment, net at December 31, 2017	$	2,287	$	918	$	4,409	$	7,614

Revaluations of the property and equipment arise from increase/(decreases) in the 2017, 2016 and 2015 year-end Euro currency exchange rate as compared to the US Dollar from the prior year.

F-30

PRIME ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 14 — Investment Properties

Investment properties were valued on December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 using the discounted cash flow (DCF) method by an independent qualified professional valuation expert. The methods and assumptions adopted for the real estate appraisals carried out by the expert in determining the fair value of the investment property are in accordance with IAS 40, Investment Property.

The Group currently has no obligations to purchase, construct new investment properties or develop the existing investment properties.

Investment properties valuation at December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 are shown in the table below:

Cost or valuation	Investment Properties
Balance at January 1, 2015	$	47,629,537
Additions		–
Disposals		(3,412,482	)
Revaluation adjustment		(2,271,703	)
Currency exchange rate adjustment		(4,538,269	)
Balance at December 31, 2015	$	37,407,083
Additions		–
Disposals		–
Revaluation adjustment		(563,477	)
Currency exchange rate adjustment		(1,057,553	)
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	35,786,053
Additions		–
Disposals		(5,893,888	)
Revaluation adjustment		(858,371	)
Currency exchange rate adjustment		4,796,108
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	33,829,902

Details of the investment properties is as follows:

Location, address	2017 Fair Value, Level 3		2016 Fair Value, Level 3		2015 Fair Value, Level 3
Milano, Corso Europa 22	$	–	$	5,339,312	$	5,565,238
Buccinasco, Via Lucania 2-4-6		18,982,736		16,492,776		17,396,117
Buccinasco, Via Privata Mulino 24		1,130,068		981,336		1,096,759
Buccinasco, Via Lazio 95		3,907,149		3,703,752		3,887,522
Buccinasco, Via Bruno Buozzi 22		180,330		849,436		879,579
Buccinasco, Via Emilia 30		180,330		162,501		166,143
Rozzano, Milanofiori, Building A5		2,789,103		2,437,512		2,454,134
Rozzano, Milanofiori, Building N1		3,847,039		3,397,744		3,464,021
Rozzano, Milanofiori, Building Q5		1,154,112		1,018,268		1,031,605
Rozzano, Milanofiori, Building Q7		1,659,035		1,403,416		1,465,965
Total	$	33,829,902	$	35,786,053	$	37,407,083

F-31

PRIME ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

At December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, all investment properties are in the commercial rental category.

The overall reduction of the portfolio’s fair value from 2015 to 2016 mainly reflects the 2.83% decrease in the 2016 year-end Euro currency exchange rate, compared to the US Dollar from the prior year. The Euro currency exchange rate from 2016 to 2017 reflects an increase of 13.93%. The significant decrease in the 2017 fair value of the total commercial rental properties from 2016 is primarily due to (1) the sale of Nova in November 2017 (Nova’s sole asset consisted of the property located at Corso Europa 22, Milan, Italy) and (2) the adjustment to the fair value to the property on Via Buozzi 22 as a result of the Company entering into a contract subsequent to year end offering an unrelated party to purchase the property in February 2018. This contract expires on December 31, 2018 (see note 30 — Subsequent Events).

The portfolio of properties has low vacancy rates. The properties have an average lease expiration of approximately 5 years. The properties comprising the portfolio are commercial real estate assets.

During 2015, the economic recession in Italy continued to affect the real estate industry causing a general delay in rental payments and sometimes an early termination of outstanding leasing agreements. Nevertheless, the amount of rental fees is essentially unchanged compared to previous years. During 2017 and 2016, the general economy in Italy has improved, compared to 2015. The largest improvement in the real estate sector in Milan was in the residential assets. The market for retail offices in Milan, unlike the residential sector, is struggling to recover fully, although the improvement of some indicators seems to confirm the conditions for a recovery. The market for shops in 2017 confirms the growth trend started in 2014. The warehouses/laboratories market still appears to be weak in 2017, with a demand that is still inadequate to absorb the oversupply.

Under the DCF method, a property’s fair value is estimated using explicit assumptions regarding the benefits and liabilities of ownership over the asset’s life including an exit or terminal value. As an accepted method within the income approach to valuation, the DCF method involves the projection of a series of cash flows on real property interest. To this projected cash flow series, an appropriate, market-derived discount rate is applied to establish the present value of the cash inflows associated with the real property.

The duration of the cash flow and the specific timing of inflows and outflows are determined by events such as rent reviews, lease renewal and related lease up periods, re-letting, redevelopment, or refurbishment. The appropriate duration is typically driven by market behavior that is a characteristic of the class of real property.

In the case of investment properties, periodic cash flow is typically estimated as gross income less vacancy, non-recoverable expenses, collection losses, lease incentives, maintenance cost, extraordinary maintenance cost, agent and commission costs and other operating and management expenses. The series of periodic net cash inflows, along with an estimate of the terminal value anticipated at the end of the projection period, is then discounted.

In regards to the commercial rental properties in the town of Assago, Buccinasco and Rozzano, the market data of the outskirt area of Milan was used as a basis of comparison. For the commercial rental property at Corso Europa 22 in Milan, it is considered to be in the top range category due to the location of the property and the current rental agreements in place. The Corso Europa 22 property has been sold with Nova in November 2017, hence no longer in the Company’s portfolio.

The Group has set up a policy of engaging an independent qualified professional valuation expert to value the investment properties on an annual basis at the end of each year. Selection criteria include market knowledge, reputation, independence and whether professional standards are maintained. The valuation performed by the independent qualified professional valuation expert is reviewed by the Group’s Interim CEO, Interim CFO, and certain members of the Board of Directors.

F-32

PRIME ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The summary of the unobservable inputs used for the year ended December 31, 2017 are as follows:

Property		Fair Value	Valuation technique	Key unobservable inputs	Inputs used
Buccinasco, Via Lucania 2-4-6	$	18,982,736	DCF	ERV	$96 per sq. meter
				Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.50%
				Discount rate	8.50%
				Cap rate	7.5%
Buccinasco, Via Privata Mulino 24		1,130,068	DCF	ERV	$213 per sq. meter
				Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.50%
				Discount rate	7.30%
				Cap rate	6.9%
Buccinasco, Via Lazio 95		3,907,149	DCF	ERV	$82 per sq. meter - warehouse $117 per sq meter - office
				Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.50%
				Discount rate	8.60%
				Cap rate	7.5%
Buccinasco, Via Bruno Buozzi 22		180,330	DCF	ERV	$117 per sq. meter
				Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.50%
				Discount rate	6.80%
				Cap rate	5.6%
Buccinasco, Via Emilia 30		180,330	DCF	ERV	$69 per sq. meter, $481 per parking space
				Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.50%
				Discount rate	8.70%
				Cap rate	7.6%
Rozzano, Milanofiori, Building A5		2,789,103	DCF	ERV	$153 per sq. meter - offices, $166 per sq. meter commercial area $48 per sq. meter - cellars, $1,082 per parking space
				Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.50%
				Discount rate	6.80%
				Cap rate	5.6%
Rozzano, Milanofiori, Building N1		3,847,039	DCF	ERV	$84 - $153 per s. meter
				Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.50%
				Discount rate	6.80%
				Cap rate	5.6%
Rozzano, Milanofiori, Building Q5		1,154,112	DCF	ERV	$153 per sq. meter, $1,082 per parking space
				Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.50%
				Discount rate	6.80%
				Cap rate	5.6%
Rozzano, Milanofiori, Building Q7		1,659,035	DCF	ERV	$153 per sq. meter, $1,082 per parking space
				Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.50%
				Discount rate	6.80%
				Cap rate	5.6%
Total	$	33,829,902

F-33

PRIME ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The summary of the unobservable inputs used for the year ended December 31, 2016 are as follows:

Property		Fair Value	Valuation technique	Key unobservable inputs	Inputs used
Milano, Corso Europa 22	$	5,339,312	DCF	ERV	$475 per sq. meter
				Rental growth p.a.	0.975% to 1.5%
				Discount rate	4.96%
				Cap rate	4.3%
Buccinasco, Via Lucania 2-4-6		16,492,776	DCF	ERV	$88 per sq. meter
				Rental growth p.a.	0.975% to 1.5%
				Discount rate	8.56%
				Cap rate	7.5%
Buccinasco, Via Privata Mulino 24		981,336	DCF	ERV	$185 per sq. meter
				Rental growth p.a.	0.975% to 1.5%
				Discount rate	7.36%
				Cap rate	6.9%
Buccinasco, Via Lazio 95		3,703,752	DCF	ERV	$73 - $103 per sq. meter
				Rental growth p.a.	0.975% to 1.5%
				Discount rate	8.66%
				Cap rate	7.5%
Buccinasco, Via Bruno Buozzi 22		849,436	DCF	ERV	$103 per sq. meter
				Rental growth p.a.	0.975% to 1.5%
				Discount rate	6.86%
				Cap rate	5.6%

F-34

PRIME ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Property		Fair Value	Valuation technique	Key unobservable inputs	Inputs used
Buccinasco, Via Emilia 30		162,501	DCF	ERV	$61 per sq. meter, $422 per parking space
				Rental growth p.a.	0.975% to 1.5%
				Discount rate	8.76%
				Cap rate	7.6%
Rozzano, Milanofiori, Building A5		2,437,512	DCF	ERV	$135 per sq. meter, $950 per parking space
				Rental growth p.a.	0.975% to 1.5%
				Discount rate	6.86%
				Cap rate	5.6%
Rozzano, Milanofiori, Building N1		3,397,744	DCF	ERV	$74 - $135 per sq. meter
				Rental growth p.a.	0.975% to 1.5%
				Discount rate	6.86%
				Cap rate	5.6%
Rozzano, Milanofiori, Building Q5		1,018,268	DCF	ERV	$135 per sq. meter, $950 per parking space
				Rental growth p.a.	0.975% to 1.5%
				Discount rate	6.86%
				Cap rate	5.6%
Rozzano, Milanofiori, Building Q7		1,403,416	DCF	ERV	$135 per sq. meter, $950 per parking space
				Rental growth p.a.	0.975% to 1.5%
				Discount rate	6.86%
				Cap rate	5.6%
Total	$	35,786,053

F-35

PRIME ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The summary of the unobservable inputs used for the year ended December 31, 2015 are as follows:

Property		Fair Value	Valuation technique	Key unobservable inputs	Inputs used
Milano, Corso Europa 22	$	5,565,238	DCF	ERV	$499 per sq. meter
				Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.5%
				Discount rate	4.96%
				Cap rate	4.3%
Buccinasco, Via Lucania 2-4-6		17,396,117	DCF	ERV	$91 per sq. meter
				Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.5%
				Discount rate	8.46%
				Cap rate	7.4%
Buccinasco, Via Privata Mulino 24		1,096,759	DCF	ERV	$192 per sq. meter
				Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.5%
				Discount rate	7.26%
				Cap rate	6.8%
Buccinasco, Via Lazio 95		3,887,522	DCF	ERV	$75 - $106 per sq. meter
				Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.5%
				Discount rate	8.56%
				Cap rate	7.4%
Buccinasco, Via Bruno Buozzi 22		879,579	DCF	ERV	$106 per sq. meter
				Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.5%
				Discount rate	6.86%
				Cap rate	5.6%
Buccinasco, Via Emilia 30		166,143	DCF	ERV	$64 per sq. meter, $434 per parking space
				Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.5%
				Discount rate	8.66%
				Cap rate	7.5%
Rozzano, Milanofiori, Building A5		2,454,134	DCF	ERV	$139 per sq. meter, $977 per parking space
				Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.5%
				Discount rate	6.86%
				Cap rate	5.6%
Rozzano, Milanofiori, Building N1		3,464,021	DCF	ERV	$76 - $139 per sq. meter
				Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.5%
				Discount rate	6.86%
				Cap rate	5.6%
Rozzano, Milanofiori, Building Q5		1,031,605	DCF	ERV	$139 per sq. meter, $977 per parking space
				Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.5%
				Discount rate	6.86%
				Cap rate	5.6%
Rozzano, Milanofiori, Building Q7		1,465,965	DCF	ERV	$139 per sq. meter, $977 per parking space
				Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.5%
				Discount rate	6.86%
				Cap rate	5.6%
Total	$	37,407,083

F-36

PRIME ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Descriptions and definitions

Estimated rental value (ERV)

The rent at which space could be leased in the market conditions prevailing at the date of valuation or the actual rental income of the property, whichever is higher.

Rental growth p.a. (per annum)

The estimated average increase in rent based on both market estimations and contractual indexations.

Discount rate

Rate used to discount the net cash flows generated from rental activities during the period of analysis (estimated up to 10 years).

Gross capitalization rate (Cap rate)

Rate used to estimate the value that the property will be sold at the end of the rental period by capitalizing the final year’s gross income at an appropriate market gross capitalization rate based on the ERV of the property.

Sensitivity analysis to significant changes in unobservable inputs within Level 3 of the hierarchy

The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy of the entity’s portfolios of investment property are:

• Estimated rental value (ERV)

• Rental growth p.a.

• Discount rate

• Gross capitalization rate

Significant increases (decreases) in the ERV and rental growth p.a. in isolation would result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement. Significant increases (decreases) in the discount rate and gross capitalization rate in isolation would result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement.

Generally, a change in the assumption made for the ERV is accompanied by a similar change in the rent growth p.a., discount rate, and gross capitalization rate.

Note 15 — Trade and Other Receivables

Trade and other receivables consist of the following at December 31:

	2017			2016			2015
Trade receivables	$	136,224		$	154,642		$	686,745
Less: bad debt provision		(54,303	)		(50,426	)		(488,978	)
Trade receivables, net		81,921			104,216			197,767
Other receivables (taxes receivable, unbilled revenue and maintenance charges)		325,089			652,724			645,112
Total trade and other receivables, net current portion	$	407,010		$	756,940		$	842,879
Other receivables - taxes receivables	$	–		$	143,137		$	–
Total trade and other receivables, net non-current portion	$	–		$	143,147		$	–

F-37

PRIME ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Lanati was one of the sellers of the investment properties and a current shareholder of the Group, and performed maintenance and other services for the Group’s investment properties. The Group leases office and parking spaces to Lanati and pays certain expenses on Lanati’s behalf. In July 2015, the Group reached various agreements with Lanati for the offsetting of certain receivables (due from Lanati) and payables (due to Lanati). The total amount offset in July 2015 was approximately $1,544,265 (see note 20 — Related Party Transactions and Balances).

Details of the Group’s bad debt provision at December 31 are as follows:

	2017			2016			2015
At January 1	$	50,426		$	488,978		$	521,111
Provided during the year		40,022			–			29,313
Receivable written off during the year as uncollectible		(30,846	)		(35,612	)		(19,092	)
Unused amount reversed		(12,323	)		(389,116	)		(30,840	)
Currency exchange rate and other adjustment		7,024			(13,824	)		(11,514	)
At December 31	$	54,303		$	50,426		$	488,978

Note 16 — Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents at December 31 is comprised of the following:

	2017		2016		2015
Cash at bank	$	57,869	$	54,920	$	134,451
Cash on hand		274		473		123
Total cash and cash equivalent	$	58,143	$	55,393	$	134,574

Note 17 — Shareholders’ Equity

Ordinary Shares

The Company is authorized to issue up to 50,000,000 ordinary shares, par value $0.001 per share. The holders of the ordinary shares are entitled to one vote for each ordinary share.

On July 7, 2015, the Company ceased control of SIM through the closing of the SIM Purchase Agreement in exchange for the return of 220,000 of the Company’s shares. 134,200 shares (61%) were canceled immediately upon their return, 85,800 shares (39%) remained as the Company’s treasury shares. Separately in 2015, an additional 253,881 shares of the founders’ shares were forfeited as a result of pre-determined stock price target not being reached pursuant to conditions set forth during the Company’s IPO in 2011.

On November 10, 2017, the Company ceased control of Nova through the closing of the Nova Purchase Agreement in exchange for the return of 53,828 of the Company’s shares. These shares are classified as the Company’s treasury shares for the year ended December 31, 2017. Separately in 2017, certain consultants of the Company and employees of the subsidiaries exercised their vested stock options, yielding 2,900 shares.

As of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, there were 1,903,723, 1,954,651 and 1,954,651 ordinary shares outstanding, respectively. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, there were 139,628, 85,800 and 85,800 shares as treasury shares, respectively.

F-38

PRIME ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Share Premium

As a result of the Company ceasing control of Seba on July 7, 2015, the Group derecognized the assets and liabilities of SIM from the consolidated statements of financial position. The Group further recognized the loss associated with the loss of control attributable to the former controlling interest. Following the ceasing of control, the Group did not retain an investment in SIM. Therefore, no retained interest remeasurement is necessary.

In connection with ceasing control of Nova on November 10, 2017, the Group derecognized the assets and liabilities of Nova from the consolidated statements of financial position. The Group further recognized the loss associated with the loss of control attributable to the former controlling interest. Following the ceasing of control, the Group did not retain an investment in Nova. Therefore, no retained interest remeasurement is necessary.

Note 18 — Loans and Borrowings

The book value of loans and borrowings consist of the following:

Loans and borrowings	2017		2016		2015
Non-current
Bank loans	$	–	$	4,179,528	$	4,301,125
Finance lease creditor		17,148,421		16,054,972		16,518,357
Other loans		997,826		875,816		901,297
Total non-current		18,146,247		21,110,316		21,720,779
Current
Revolving lines of credit		812,913		711,675		680,075
Bank loans		1,604,426		1,683,705		1,660,946
Finance lease creditor		1,131,182		921,634		1,856,354
Other loans		889,833		889,833		889,833
Total current		4,438,354		4,206,847		5,087,208
Total loans and borrowings	$	22,584,601	$	25,317,163	$	26,807,987

Bank loans

Bank loans include both secured and unsecured bank loans. Certain bank loans are secured by the investment properties. In addition to using the investment properties as collateral, some of the loans are further personally guaranteed by the former owners of the properties. The total fair value of the investment properties used as collateral was $3,907,149, $9,043,064 and $9,452,760 as of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 respectively.

The tables below show the detail of bank loans by expiry date and rate. All bank loan contracts provide for floating rates.

2017	Floating rate		Total
Expiry within 1 year	$	1,604,426	$	1,604,426
Expiry within 1 and 5 years		–		–
Expiry in more than 5 years		–		–
Total	$	1,604,426	$	1,604,426

F-39

PRIME ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

2016	Floating rate		Total
Expiry within 1 year (current)	$	1,683,705	$	1,683,705
Expiry within 1 and 5 years (non-current)		1,438,478		1,438,478
Expiry in more than 5 years (non-current)		2,741,050		2,741,050
Total	$	5,863,233	$	5,863,233

2015	Floating rate		Total
Expiry within 1 year (current)	$	1,660,946	$	1,660,946
Expiry within 1 and 5 years (non-current)		1,507,833		1,507,833
Expiry in more than 5 years (non-current)		2,793,292		2,793,292
Total	$	5,962,071	$	5,962,071

As of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, the effective interest rate varies from EURIBOR+1.125% to EURIBOR+2.554%. This amounted to 0.795% to 2.224% as of December 31, 2017.

During 2014, one of the Subsidiaries missed certain scheduled repayments on a bank loan totaling $193,011 in principal and $22,680 in interest. Except for these missed scheduled repayments, the Group has been current on all scheduled repayments since the beginning of 2014. According to the applicable mortgage agreement, missing scheduled payments can cause the bank to request immediate repayment of the residual debt totaling approximately $1,515,720 as of December 31, 2014. Management initiated negotiations with the bank to postpone repayment for 12 months in 2014. Separately during 2014, one of the other Subsidiaries missed certain scheduled finance lease payments to the leasing department of the same bank. During 2017, the bank official, denied the Group’s request and requested immediate repayment of the residual debt. As a result, Management has classified such residual debt as current loans and borrowings as of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015. On November 10, 2017, the Company ceased control of one of the affected subsidiaries and, as a result, transferred all the bank loans back to its prior owner.

Revolving lines of credit

The Group has outstanding balances at December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 as follows:

2017	Floating rate		Fixed rate		Total
Expiry within 1 year	$	408,042	$	404,871	$	812,913
Expiry within 1 and 5 years		–		–		–
Expiry in more than 5 years		–		–		–
Total	$	408,042	$	404,871	$	812,913

2016	Floating rate		Fixed rate		Total
Expiry within 1 year (current)	$	356,309	$	355,366	$	711,675
Expiry within 1 and 5 years (non-current)		–		–		–
Expiry in more than 5 years (non-current)		–		–		–
Total	$	356,309	$	355,366	$	711,675

F-40

PRIME ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

2015	Floating rate		Fixed rate		Total
Expiry within 1 year (current)	$	318,063	$	362,012	$	680,075
Expiry within 1 and 5 years (non-current)		–		–		–
Expiry in more than 5 years (non-current)		–		–		–
Total	$	318,063	$	362,012	$	680,075

The facilities expiring within 1 year are annual facilities subject to renewal at various dates. As at December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, the effective interest rate varies from 8.025% to 12.97%, 4.86% to 15.50%, and 5.50% to 15.50% respectively.

The revolving lines of credit are unsecured, and personally guaranteed by the former owners of the properties. The total revolving lines of credit approved by the bank as of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 were $120,220, $110,796 and $575,527, respectively. The total balances of the revolving lines of credit as of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 were $118,694, $107,059 and $680,075, respectively. The revolving lines of credit were overdrawn on December 31, 2015. The overdrawn amounts were agreed to with the lender and not considered an event of default. During 2016, two of the lines of credit were revoked and one of the lines of credit expired without a renewal contract (all from the same lender). The balance on these three lines of credit, totaling $694,219, remains outstanding as of December 31, 2017. As of the date of this report, the Group has initiated a legal dispute as the plaintiff with the lender to obtain the forfeiture of these outstanding balances due to the bank’s breaching of contract and the unlawful accrual of interest on the amount in dispute.. The Company and the lender are pursuing active negotiations on the position of these outstanding balances and during the negotiation, the outstanding balances are considered in default. However, there can be no assurance the Company can obtain the forfeiture of these outstanding balances.

Finance lease creditor

See note “Finance leases” below.

Other loans

Non-current other loans consist of one loan from the current tenant of the property located on Via Lucania in Buccinasco. The loan proceeds were used for the modification of the property to the tenant’s specifications. The repayment of this loan will start in the year 2021 for a period of three years, and will offset the rent to be collected from the tenant. The effective interest rate is fixed at EURIBOR+1.90%.

Current other loans consist of an interest bearing convertible promissory note with the underwriters (see Note 21 — Note Payable to Underwriters).

Note 19 — Finance Leases

The Group leases all of its real estate properties except for the properties located in Via Lazio 95 in Buccinasco, Via Buozzi 22 in Buccinasco, and Corso Europa 22 in Milan.

Such assets are classified as finance leases as the Group has the right to purchase the assets outright at the end of the minimum lease term by paying a nominal amount. The total fair value of the investment properties that carried finance leases was $29,742,423, $25,731,052 and $26,908,602 as of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

F-41

PRIME ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Future minimum lease payments due are as follows:

2017	Minimum lease payments		Interest		Present value
Less than one year	$	2,180,616	$	1,049,434	$	1,131,182
Later than one year and not later than five years		7,236,202		3,231,225		3,967,793
Later than five years		16,296,170		3,115,542		13,180,628
Total	$	25,712,988	$	7,396,201	$	18,279,603

2016	Minimum lease payments		Interest		Present value
Less than one year	$	1,920,618	$	998,984	$	921,634
Later than one year and not later than five years		6,739,259		3,156,663		3,582,596
Later than five years		16,073,358		3,600,982		12,472,376
Total	$	24,733,235	$	7,756,629	$	16,976,606

2015	Minimum lease payments		Interest		Present value
Less than one year	$	3,514,879	$	1,658,525	$	1,856,354
Later than one year and not later than five years		5,952,787		3,426,567		2,526,220
Later than five years		18,934,300		4,942,163		13,992,137
Total	$	28,401,966	$	10,027,255	$	18,374,711

As at December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, the effective interest rate varies from EURIBOR+1.4% to EURIBOR+2.762%. This amounted to 1.07% to 2.432%, 1.08% to 2.442%and 1.27% to 2.632% as of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

The present value of the future minimum lease payments are categorized as follows:

	2017		2016		2015
Current liabilities	$	1,131,182	$	921,634	$	1,856,354
Non-current liabilities		17,148,421		16,054,972		16,518,357
Total	$	18,279,603	$	16,976,606	$	18,374,711

During 2015, two of the three affected finance lease creditors granted the Group modification repayment plans. As of December 31, 2015, Management was still undergoing negotiations with the remaining affected finance lease creditor and could not provide assurance that this finance lease creditor would not decide to refuse granting the requested modification repayment plans to the Group. As a result, the Group classified this one residual finance lease as current loans and borrowings as of December 31, 2015. During 2016, the Group successfully obtained the approval from this finance lease creditor of a modification repayment plan. As a result, Management has not classified the full portion of this finance lease as current loans and borrowing as of December 31, 2017 and 2016. 

F-42

PRIME ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In addition, during 2016, one of the Subsidiaries missed certain scheduled payment to a finance lease creditor, but has since obtained the approval from this finance lease creditor of a modification repayment plan. As a result, Management has not classified the full portion of this affected finance lease as current loans and borrowing as of December 31, 2017 and 2016.

During 2017, the Group has been current with all scheduled lease payments and the repayment plans approved by the finance lease creditors.

Note 20 — Related Party Transactions and Balances

The Company entered into five non-interest bearing unsecured promissory notes with one director of the Company which amounted to $420,000. The notes were to be repaid on the earlier of consummation of the Business Combination or liquidation of the Company. At the closing of the Business Combination, the funds released from the Trust Account were less than the aggregate of all payables. The director agreed to extend the repayment date of the $420,000 promissory note to a later date to be determined by mutual agreement between the Company and the director.

On July 1, 2014, all the aforementioned non-interest bearing unsecured promissory notes amounting to $420,000 and $230,000 of reimbursable expenses owed to one director, and an additional cash injection of $30,000 to the Company on June 26, 2014 were converted to an interest bearing unsecured convertible promissory note of $680,000 with an interest rate of 10% per annum, compounding annually. The note matures on the earlier of (i) the date on which the Company liquidates and winds-up its affairs, or (ii) June 30, 2015 (one year from the date of the interest bearing unsecured note). The convertible feature grants the payee the option to convert the principal sum and any unpaid interest for the lower of (1) $2.29 per share, or (2) the price per share of the Company’s next round of financing. Following the conversion of this aforementioned non-interest bearing unsecured promissory note to an interest bearing unsecured convertible promissory note, the Company further entered into various additional interest bearing unsecured convertible promissory notes during 2015, 2016 and 2017 which amounted to $3,965,000 with the same interest rate and similar convertible feature as the previously converted notes. During 2017, 2016 and 2015, the interest bearing unsecured convertible promissory notes from 2016, 2015 and 2014 reached maturity. The Company was not in a position to repay the notes or the accrued interest. As a result, the Company issued new interest bearing unsecured convertible promissory notes (“Roll-over Notes”) to the director for the principal and accrued unpaid interest. These Roll-over Notes have the same interest rate and similar convertible feature as the original convertible notes. The total interest bearing unsecured promissory notes payable to this director amounted to $4,718,952, $3,608,100 and $2,671,000 as of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Due to the specific terms of the conversion feature on these promissory notes, these notes are classified as convertible notes with an embedded derivative liability. The host loan is accounted for at amortized cost, with an embedded derivative liability being measured at fair value with changes in value being recorded in profit and loss. The embedded derivative liability is calculated first and the residual value is assigned to the debt host liability component. Amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 amounted to $1,813,934, $2,132,808 and $1,922,943, respectively, with the unamortized portion amounting to $731,473, $1,122,997 and $1,363,000, respectively. The derivative liability related to these promissory notes as of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 was $1,859,700, $794,235 and $2,568,188, respectively (see note 24 — Derivative Financial Liabilities). As of the date of this report, the convertible right had not been exercised. The Company has an interest payable to this director in the amount of $1,005,089, $581,648 and $267,464 as of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively (see note 30 — Subsequent Events).

From time to time, the Company’s executives incurred expenses on behalf of the Company for various office and travel expenses prior to the Business Combination in September, 2013 and during the major management change occurred in May, 2014. No interest is charged by the executives on any outstanding balance owed by the Company. For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, total expenses paid by the executives on behalf of the Company totaled $32,286, $136,591 and $141,022, respectively. Of these amounts, $32,286, $136,591 and $141,022 has not been repaid to the Company’s executives and are included in due to related party in the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position as of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

F-43

PRIME ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Separately on December 16, 2014, the Company and one of the current officers agreed to convert $18,000 of the outstanding balance owed by the Company to an interest bearing unsecured promissory note with the same interest rate and similar convertible feature as the ones aforementioned between the Company and the director. The outstanding balance arose from the services the officer provided to the Company after the Business Combination and before becoming the current officer of the Company. During 2015, at the maturity of this note, the Company was not in a position to repay this note or the accrued interest. The Company issued new unsecured convertible promissory notes to this officer. Similar to the aforementioned Roll-over Notes between the Company and the director, the principal amount of this new note consisted of the original principal amount plus the accrued unpaid interest with the same interest rate and similar convertible feature. On December 16, 2016, the maturity of the roll-over note, the note was not renewed. The Company and the officer have agreed on an installment repayment plan of $2,500 per month for the principal and interest related to this matured note. The outstanding principal and interest was fully repaid as of December 31, 2017.

In connection to the management change by way of majority shareholder consent on May 5, 2014, a non-employee consultant from prior to the Business Combination became an officer of the Company. The outstanding amount of $55,000 for services provided by the consultant had not been paid by the Company as of December 31, 2015 and was classified as due to related party as of December 31, 2015. The outstanding amount was fully repaid as of December 31, 2016.

The Company agreed to pay Kaiyuan Real Estate Development (“Kaiyuan”) a total of $7,500 per month for office space, administrative services and secretarial support for a period commencing March 24, 2011 and ending on the consummation of its Business Combination. Kaiyuan is an affiliate of Mr. Yong Hui Li, the Company’s chairman prior to the Business Combination. There were no expenses incurred under this agreement for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015. The Company had a payable to Kaiyuan of $203,312 as at December 31, 2016 and 2015. During 2017, Kaiyuan and the Company has reached an agreement to cancel the outstanding payable in full. The cancelled outstanding payable is included in share premium in the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position as of December 31, 2017 as a non-cash capital contribution.

Mr. Cesare Lanati (the former owner of certain subsidiaries and current stockholder of the Group) performed maintenance and other services for the Group’s investment properties. The Group leases office and parking spaces to Lanati and pays certain expenses on Lanati’s behalf. During 2015, the Group reached various agreements with Lanati offsetting certain receivables and payables (see Note 15 — Trade and Other Receivables, and Note 22 — Trade and Other Payables).

In April 2016, a director was granted $248,000 as compensation for the year ended December 31, 2015. In addition, in April 2016, the Company granted 100,000 stock options to the same director for the services provided in 2015, pursuant to which 60% vested immediately with the remaining balance vesting over 14 months following the grant date. The fair value of the options granted to this director using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model is $88,400 (see Note 26 — Share-Based Payment). Separately, in April 2016, the Company granted compensation of $248,000 to the Interim Chief Executive Officer and 100,000 stock options at an exercise price of $2.94 per share for services provided in 2015. 60% of the stock options granted vested immediately on the grant date with remaining balance vesting over 14 months following the grant date. The fair value of the stock options granted to the Interim Chief Executive Officer using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model is $88,400. Further, in April 2016, the Company granted additional compensation of $93,000 in 2015 to the Interim Chief Financial Officer and 30,000 stock options at an exercise price of $2.94 for services provided in 2015. The stock options granted vest over 18 months from the grant date. The fair value of the stock options granted to the Interim Chief Financial Officer using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model is $26,520. All 2015 compensation amounts were accrued as due to related parties as of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015. Further, in March 2017, the Company granted compensation of $50,000 to its Interim Chief Executive Officer as compensation for services rendered during 2016, which has been accrued as due to related parties as of December 31, 2017 and 2016.

Note 21 — Note Payable to Underwriters

Immediately following the closing of the Business Combination on September 30, 2013, the Company entered into an interest-bearing promissory note with its underwriter, Chardan Capital Markets, LLC (“Chardan”) for the total remaining amount of $889,833 due to the underwriter at the rate of 5% per annum, maturing on December 31, 2013. If the note was not repaid by December 31, 2013, Chardan had the right to convert the note and accrued interest into ordinary shares at a price of $9.10 per share. In connection with the convertible right, $184,584 was allocated to the value of the beneficial conversion feature. As of the date of this report, the convertible right had not been exercised. On December 31, 2013 (the note’s maturity date), the Company was not able to repay the note. As a result of the payment default, an additional default interest rate of 10% per annum is added to the original 5% per annum interest rate starting December 31, 2013. The Company has interest payable to Chardan in the amount of $561,585, $420,448 and $327,229 as of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Interest expense on this note amounted to $141,137, $138,788 and $136,288 for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. George Kaufman, one of the Group’s directors, is an employee of Chardan. 

F-44

PRIME ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 22 — Trade and Other Payables

Details of trade and other payables at December 31 are as follows:

	2017		2016		2015
Accrued expenses	$	2,716,238	$	2,789,476	$	2,863,516
Interest payables		1,061,346		796,175		560,835
Trade account payables		2,593,584		2,295,501		1,834,773
Other payables - social security payments		18,329		33,397		113,560
Total trade and other payables, current	$	6,389,497	$	5,914,549	$	5,372,684
Other payables - social security payments	$	3,568	$	63,143	$	–
Other payables - property taxes payments		16,029		17,212		–
Total trade and other payables, non-current	$	19,597	$	80,355	$	–

Book values approximate fair value at December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.

Note 23 — Other Liabilities and Other Deferred Income

Details of other liabilities and other deferred income at December 31 are as follows:

	2017		2016		2015
Other deferred income	$	306,055	$	301,800	$	276,496
Other liabilities		2,797		–		82,138
Total other liabilities and other deferred income	$	308,852	$	301,800	$	358,634

Other deferred income consists of rental income and condominium expenses reimbursement invoiced to certain tenants immediately before the actual leasing period (prepayment from tenants). Other liabilities consist of certain interest and condominium expenses.

Note 24 — Derivative Financial Liabilities

The fair value of derivative financial liabilities from a derivative financial instrument is considered current.

The fair value of the Group’s interest rate derivatives is determined by Management using inputs based on bank quotes. The fair value of the Group’s convertible promissory notes derivatives is determined by Management using a valuation model based on certain inputs that are observable.

	2017		2016		2015
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Conversion feature on promissory notes	$	1,859,700	$	794,235	$	2,568,188
Interest rate swaps		–	$	–	$	165,648
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments	$	1,859,700	$	794,235	$	2,733,836

Interest rate swaps

The Group entered into interest rate swap contracts by using floating-to-fixed interest rate swaps. The interest rate swap contracts were linked to a part of a leasing contract. The interest rate swap contract was closed during 2016. As a result of the termination of the interest rate swap contract the amount owed to the financial institution is $163,741 at December 31, 2017 and is included in loans and borrowings in the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position. The notional value as at December 31, 2015 was $1,432,225. The change in fair value during the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 amounted to $18,096 and $33,558, respectively.

F-45

PRIME ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The convertible promissory notes issued to a certain director were classified as convertible promissory notes with an embedded derivative liability. The host notes are accounted for at amortized cost, with an embedded derivative liability being measured at fair value with changes in value being recorded in the accompanying consolidated statements of loss and comprehensive loss. The notional value as of December 31, 2017 was $1,859,700. The change in fair value during the year ended December 31, 2017 was $292,562.

The summary of the observable inputs used for the year ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 are as follow:

	Year ended December 31, 2017		Year ended December 31, 2016		Year ended December 31, 2015
Conversion price		$1.30 - $1.80		$1.40 - $3.55		$1.40 - $3.55
Stock price		$1.30 - $1.98		$1.80 - $3.55		$1.25 - $4.00
Risk-free interest rate		0.82% - 1.90%		0.44% - 0.92%		0.09% - 0.71%
Expected term (in years)		0.01 - 1		0.01 - 1		0.09 - 1
Average stock price volatility		80.08%		100.60%		141.03%

Note 25 — Provisions

As of December 31, provisions are comprised of the following:

	2017		2016		2015
Post-employment benefits	$	37,363	$	35,734	$	22,464
Tax liabilities		5,338		4,474		5,364
Other provisions		28,012		–		142,514
Total provisions	$	70,713	$	40,208	$	170,342

Post-employment benefits provision relates to two of the Subsidiaries that have employees in Italy. The amount is based on a certain percentage of the salary paid to the employees each pay period. The amount will be paid to the employees when employment ceases pursuant to the local Italian law.

Tax liabilities provision is related to a type of tax imposed by the tax authority in Italy in 2011, applicable to three of the Group’s subsidiaries. This law allows the Group to deduct a portion of the tax paid in 2011 to be partially reversed each year over a certain number of years until the provision is fully extinguished.

The other provisions refer to probable liabilities derived from legal disputes underway from the subsidiaries. This provision liability is estimated based on Management’s evaluation of the amounts at risk and legal considerations. There are uncertainties that relate to whether claims will be settled by payment or if the subsidiary is successful in defending any action (see note 27 — Contingencies and Commitments). The significant reduction of other provisions from 2015 to 2016 is due to the settlement and payment of the last remaining legal dispute during 2016, therefore releasing the potential liabilities of this legal dispute. The settlement amount was received in 2016 from the said third party and recorded in the Group’s other revenue. As of the date of this report, there is no other significant legal dispute that poses risk with probable substantial loss.

Note 26 — Share-Based Payment

On February 25, 2010, the Company’s board of directors authorized and issued 20,000 stock options, each option to purchase one ordinary share of the Company, to directors and consultants of the Company.  In November 2010, September 2015 and April 2016, the Company’s board of directors authorized to reserve an additional 200,000, 280,000 and 200,000 stock options, respectively, for issuance to directors and consultants of the Company from time to time, bringing the total authorized to an aggregate of 700,000 stock options.

F-46

PRIME ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In May and September 2014, the Company’s board of directors granted 62,000 stock options to an officer and an employee, and 7,500 stock options to certain employees of the Subsidiaries.

In May and September 2015, the Company’s board of directors granted 125,500 stock options to a director and certain employees of the Subsidiaries.

In January, April and October 2016, the Company’s board of directors granted 150,000 stock options to two directors, 140,000 stock options two officers, and 23,000 stock options to two external consultants.

In May, 2017, one consultant to the Company and various employees of the subsidiaries elected to exercise the stock options vested. There were a total of 2,900 options exercised.

The following table summarizes the stock option activity for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015:

	Number of shares			Weighted average exercise price per share		Weighted average remaining contractual term (in years)		Aggregate intrinsic value
Outstanding at January 1, 2015		77,000		$	0.669		4.40	$	67,414
Granted		125,500			–		–		346,280
Exercised		–			–		–		–
Cancelled		–			–		–		–
Outstanding at December 31, 2015		202,500		$	2.759		5.00		413,693
Granted		313,000			–		–		329,871
Exercised		–			–		–		–
Cancelled		(31,250	)		–		–		–
Outstanding at December 31, 2016		484,250		$	1.132		4.69	$	743,564
Granted		–			–		–		–
Exercised		(2,900	)		–		–		–
Cancelled		(7,500	)		–		–		(2,400	)
Outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2017		473,850		$	1.132		3.85	$	741,164

The following table summarizes the unvested stock option activity during the period from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2017:

	Number of shares
Unvested January 1, 2015		62,031
Granted		125,500
Vested		(92,844	)
Cancelled		–
Unvested December 31, 2015		94,687
Granted		313,000
Vested		(266,837	)
Cancelled		(31,250	)
Unvested December 31, 2016		109,600
Granted		–
Vested		(99,249	)
Cancelled		(7,500	)
Unvested December 31, 2017		2,851

F-47

PRIME ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The fair value assigned to the vested increments of these awards was estimated at the grant date of the stock options using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions:

	Year ended December 31, 2016		Year ended December 31, 2015
Stock price		$1.80 - $3.55		$1.25 - $4.00
Risk-free interest rate		0.94% - 2.10%		1.18% - 1.81%
Expected term (in years)		5.0		5.0
Weighted average expected stock price volatility		34.28%		71.32%
Expected dividend yield		0%		0%
Weighted average grant-date fair value of options granted	$	1.0539	$	2.7592

For the year ended December 31, 2017, there were no stock options granted. For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, Management used the following assumptions for the Black-Scholes inputs: On the option valuation date, the current stock price of the Company was used for determining the fair value of the Company’s stock based on the closing price of common stock on the valuation date. The expected dividend rate of 0% is based on Management’s plan of operations. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury 5-year Treasury Bill on the date of measurement. The Company’s historical stock price was used to determine the expected volatility. The Company expects that no options will be forfeited.

Share-based compensation expense from stock options totaled $95,419, $370,040 and $260,819 for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Share-based compensation expense from stock options to be expensed in future periods is expected to be $20,302, $7,164 and $27 for the years ending December 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020, respectively.

Note 27 — Contingencies and Commitments

The Group is subject to various claims and legal proceedings covering a wide range of matters that arise in the ordinary course of its business activities, including disputes on building repair and maintenance expenses, moving expenses and others. Management believes that any liability that may ultimately result from the resolution of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on the financial condition or results of operations of the Company.

The following summarizes the material litigation relating to the Group:

i. Auchan S.p.A

On March 14, 2013, the tenant Auchan filed a lawsuit with the Court of Milan against Ellegi and GSI in connection with a lease agreement entered into with Ellegi on July 15, 2010 and a contract entered into with GSI on August 5, 2010 for certain repairs to be performed. Auchan was not satisfied with the repairs performed and claimed that they suffered a loss of potential income from new business opportunities, together with certain damages which totaled to €4.5 million. In the first quarter of 2016, the court issued a judgement to reject all claims made by Auchan. In June, 2016, Auchan remitted €200,000 (which translates to approx. $221,440) to the Group as final settlement of this case, which is recorded as other revenue in the Group’s consolidated statements of loss and comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2016.

ii. Morgan Joseph and BHN LLC 

In July 2014, Morgan Joseph filed a complaint against Prime and BHN LLC (“BHN”) for breach of contract, seeking at least approximately $1.3 million plus damages from Prime. On October 20, 2014, Prime moved to dismiss the complaint on the basis there were no contracts between Morgan Joseph and Prime. On November 14, 2014, BHN moved to add additional cross-claims, among other things.

F-48

PRIME ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

On March 19, 2015, the court dismissed Morgan Joseph's complaint against Prime, as well as BHN LLC’s cross-claim for indemnification from the Company, but gave Morgan Joseph until May 1, 2015 to file an amended complaint.

On April 8, 2015, BHN brought an amended complaint against Prime for breach of contract, seeking approximately $9 million in damages. BHN did not serve Prime or Prime’s legal counsel with this complaint. Separately, on April 27, 2015, Morgan Joseph filed an amended complaint against Prime and BHN, asserting claims of breach of contract and seeking approximately $2.5 million plus damages.

The Company filed an answer to Morgan Joseph’s amended complaint on June 1, 2015. Management estimated the probability of damages in these cases to be low due to (1) there being no formal contracts between the Company and Morgan Joseph, (2) the court dismissing earlier complaints and (3) there being no new evidence brought forward in the amended complaints.

In addition, on June 26, 2015, the Company filed a cross-claim against BHN LLC and certain individuals connected with BHN LLC for damages and certain costs incurred by the Company. The amount of damages and costs are to be determined at trial. In January, 2017, BHN motioned to dismiss the Company’s claims against it and the Company has filed its defense in response. On August 30, 2017, the judge denied BHN’s move for a summary judgement and the parties are undertaking discovery in May and June of 2018, with court appearances anticipated to take place in August 2018.

iii. Andrea Crespi-Belskij

On July 19, 2016, Andrea Crespi-Belskij, formerly a consultant to the Company, filed a claim with the civil court of Milan against Prime Acquisition and two Italian subsidiaries, Magfin Srl and Ellegi Srl, claiming, among other things, wrongful dismissal and incorrect classification of employment, and seeking various financial compensations for the claims as well as petitioning for a seizure of the Italian subsidiaries. In the August 2, 2016 hearing on the seizure, the presiding judge summarily dismissed the petition. Andrea Crespi-Belskij did not file an appeal of the judgement within 10 days after the judgement. The hearing on wrongful dismissal, which the claimant previously filed a similar claim against the Company and its subsidiaries in June 2016 which was dismissed by the court, began on September 29, 2016 and in a conclusive hearing held on March 9, 2017, the judge dismissed all claims against the Company and awarded €3,000 (which translates to approximately $3,165) to the Company under the Abuse of Law provision. Andrea Crespi-Belskij filed an appeal in late 2017, resulting a court appearing on March 24, 2018 in which the presiding judge advised both parties to settle the case with a €6,000 settlement payment by the Company with both parties in agreement. On April 9, 2018, both parties appeared in front of the same judge who gave the parties until May 7, 2018 to settle the case. The Company is optimistic that the case will be concluded by that time.

Note 28 — Capital Management

The primary objective of the Group’s capital management is to ensure that it remains within its quantitative banking covenants and maintain a strong credit rating. No changes were made in the objectives, policies or processes during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.

The Group monitors capital primarily using a loan-to-value ratio, which is calculated as the amount of outstanding debt divided by the valuation of the investment property portfolio. The Group’s policy is to keep its average loan-to-value ratio lower than 80%.

Banking covenants vary according to each loan agreement, but typically require that the loan-to-value ratio does not exceed 80% to 85%.

During 2014, certain Subsidiaries of the Group missed scheduled repayments on a bank loan and four finance leases (see note 18 — Loans and Borrowings, and note 19 — Finance Leases). During 2015, certain Subsidiaries of the Group missed scheduled repayments on three finance leases. In addition, the Group was not able to repay the note payable to underwriters on its maturity date of December 31, 2013. As a result of the payment default, an additional default interest rate is added to the original interest rate (see note 21 — Note Payable to Underwriters).

F-49

PRIME ACQUISITION CORP.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

During 2016, one of the Subsidiaries missed certain scheduled payments to a finance lease creditor (see note 19 — Finance Leases), but has since obtained the approval from this finance lease creditor of a modification repayment plan. As a result, Management has not classified the full portion of this affected finance lease as current loans and borrowing as of December 31, 2017 and 2016.

	2017		2016		2015
Carrying amount of loans and borrowings	$	22,584,601	$	25,317,163	$	26,807,987
External valuation of completed investment property		33,829,902		35,786,053		37,407,083
Loan to value ratio		67%		71%		72%

Note 29 — Tenant Concentrations

The Group’s major tenants that represented more than 10% of the Group’s annual rental revenue for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 are as follows:

Tenant	2017		2016*		2015*
Microelettrica		59.61%		59.53%		59.62%

*Restated for discontinued operations (see note 9 — Discontinued Operations)

Note 30 — Subsequent Events

As of April 30, 2018, the Company entered into four additional interest bearing unsecured convertible promissory notes with an interest rate of 10% annum, compounding annually (as described in note 20 — Related Party Transactions and Balances) with the same director of the Company, totaling $50,000. These promissory notes include the renewal of nineteen interest bearing unsecured convertible promissory notes from 2017 maturing in 2018 to a future date with an additional of 10% to the original principal amounts (“Rollover”). These Rollovers have added $155,329 to the total principal amount owed to this director.

As a result of the additional interest bearing unsecured convertible promissory notes and the Rollover, the Company owes this director an aggregate of $6,086,293, including $4,924,281 in principal and $1,162,012 of accrued interest.

On February 8, 2018, the Company closed on the sale of a portion (approximately 52% which translate to approximately 2,246 sqm of gross leasable area) of the via Lazio building owned by the subsidiary, Ellegi, an office property in southwest Milan, for €1.85 million (approximately US$2.27 million as of February 8, 2018). The remaining portion of the building is 100% occupied subsequent to the sale.

Separately on February 8, 2018, the Company also announced that it we entered into a contract offering an unrelated entity to purchase the via Buozzi property for €150,000 (approx. US$183,390 as of February 9, 2018). This contract expires on December 31, 2018. The via Buozzi building is an office property located approximately five miles from the via Lazio building and is also owned by Ellegi.

F-50

EX-12.1

Exhibit 12.1

Certification
Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Exchange Act

I, William Tsu-Cheng Yu, certify that:

1.	I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of Prime Acquisition Corp.;
2.	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.	The company’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the company and we have:
	(a)	Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
	(b)	Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
	(c)	Evaluated the effectiveness of the company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
	(d)	Disclosed in this report any change in the company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the company’s internal control over financial reporting.
5.	The company’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the company’s auditors and the audit committee of the company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function):
	(a)	All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal controls over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
	(b)	Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 2, 2018
	By:	/s/ William Tsu-Cheng Yu
		William Tsu-Cheng Yu
		Interim Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-12.2

Exhibit 12.2

Certification
Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Exchange Act

I, Amy Lau, certify that:

1.	I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of Prime Acquisition Corp.;
2.	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.	The company’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the company and we have:
	(a)	Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
	(b)	Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
	(c)	Evaluated the effectiveness of the company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
	(d)	Disclosed in this report any change in the company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the company’s internal control over financial reporting.
5.	The company’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the company’s auditors and the audit committee of the company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function):
	(a)	All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal controls over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
	(b)	Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 2, 2018	By:	/s/ Amy Lau
		Amy Lau
		Interim Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

EX-13.1

Exhibit 13.1

Certification
Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350

Pursuant to U.S.C. Section 1350 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (subsections (a) and (b) of Section 1350, Chapter 63 of Title 18, United States Code), each of the undersigned officers of Prime Acquisition Corp. (the “Company”), does hereby certify, to such officer’s knowledge, that:

The Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2017 of the Company fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and information contained in the Form 20-F fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: May 2, 2018
	By:	/s/ William Tsu-Cheng Yu
		William Tsu-Cheng Yu
		Interim Chief Executive Officer and Chairman
		(Principal Executive Officer)

Date: May 2, 2018
	By:	/s/ Amy Lau
		Amy Lau
		Interim Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

EX-4.190

Exhibit 4.190

THIS SECURED PROMISSORY NOTE HAS NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE “ACT”) OF THE SECURITIES LAWS OF ANY STATE. NO SALE OR DISPOSITION MAY BE EFFECTED EXCEPT IN COMPLIANCE WITH RULE 144 UNDER THE ACT OR AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT RELATED THERETO OR AN APPLICABLE EXEMPTION THEREFROM.

10% CONVERTIBLE PROMISSORY NOTE

$179,858.63 As of May 2, 2017       

FOR VALUE RECEIVED, Prime Acquisition Corp. a Cayman Islands company (“Maker”) promises to pay to the order of Diana Chia-Huei Liu (“Payee”), or her permitted assigns, the principal sum of One Hundred and Seventy Nine Thousand Eight Hundred Fifty-Eight Dollars and Sixty-Three Cents ($179,858.63) with interest on the outstanding principal amount at the rate of ten percent (10.0%) per annum (the “Interest Rate”), in lawful money of the United States of America, on the terms and conditions described below.

The principal sum comprises of the following two components:

I.       Expired Promissory Notes:

a.Thirty Thousand Dollars and No Cents ($30,000.00) dated April 18, 2016;

b.Thirty Thousand Dollars and No Cents ($30,000.00) dated April 23, 2016;

c.Seventy-One Thousand and Five Hundred Dollars and No Cents ($71,500.00) dated May 1, 2016

And their interests accumulated according to the notes’ terms and conditions, to May 1, 2017,

II       New loan

d.Thirty-Five Thousand and No Cents ($35,000.00) made on May 2, 2017

1.Maturity Date. Unless converted pursuant to Section 5 hereof, the principal amount of this Note and all accrued and unpaid interest thereon shall be due and payable in full on the date (the “Maturity Date”) that is the earliest to occur of: (i) the date on which Maker liquidates and winds-up its affairs, or (ii) May 1, 2018.

2.Interest. This Note shall bear interest on the unpaid principal balance of this Note at the Interest Rate, and shall be computed on the basis of a 365-day year for the actual number of days elapsed. Interest shall accrue, and be compounded annually, until all amounts owed under this Note shall be fully repaid, or until converted pursuant to Section 5 hereof.

3.Optional Pre-Payment. This Note may be pre-paid in whole or in part at any time prior to the Maturity Date without penalty.

4.Application of Payments. All payments shall be applied first to payment in full of any costs incurred in the collection of any sum due under this Note, including (without limitation) reasonable attorneys’ fees and then to the reduction of the principal balance of this Note.

5.       Conversion Feature. Payee has the option to convert the principal sum and any unpaid interest, either in their entirely or partially, to common shares of Maker according to the following formula:

(i)The lower of $1.30 per shares; or

(ii)The price per share of the next round of financing.

1

6.       Events of Default. The following shall constitute Events of Default:

(a)Failure to Make Required Payments. The Company fails to make a payment, when due, of any principal or interest due on this Note, and such default continues for a period of five (5) days.

(b)Voluntary Bankruptcy, Etc. The commencement by Maker of a voluntary case under the federal bankruptcy code (the “Bankruptcy Code”), as now constituted or hereafter amended, or any other applicable federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, rehabilitation or other similar law, or the consent by it to the appointment of or taking possession by a receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, custodian, sequestrator (or other similar official) of Maker or for any substantial part of its property, or the making by it of any assignment for the benefit of creditors, or the failure of Maker generally to pay its debts as such debts become due, or the taking of corporate action by Maker in furtherance of any of the foregoing.

(c)Involuntary Bankruptcy, Etc. The entry of a decree or order for relief by a court having jurisdiction in the premises in respect of maker in an involuntary case under the Bankruptcy Code, as now or hereafter constituted, or any other applicable federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law, or appointing a receiver, liquidator, assignee, custodian, trustee, sequestrator (or similar official) of Maker or for any substantial part of its property, or ordering the winding-up or liquidation of its affairs, and the continuance of any such decree or order unstayed and in effect for a period of 60 consecutive days.

(d)Adjustment of Interest Rate. The interest rate will automatically be adjusted to twenty-four percent (24%) per annum on all unpaid principal amount.

(e)Conversion Discount. At the option of the Payee the amount owe can be converted to Common Shares of Maker at a thirty percent (30%) discount to the then price.

7.       Remedies.

(a)       Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default specified in Section 6(a), Payee may, by written notice to Maker, declare this Note to be due and payable, whereupon the principal balance of, and all other sums payable with regard to, this Note shall become immediately due and payable without presentment, demand, protest or other notice of any kind, all of which are hereby expressly waived, anything contained herein or in the documents evidencing the same to the contrary notwithstanding.

(b)       Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default specified in Sections 6(b) and 6(c), the principal balance of, and all other sums payable with regard to, this Note shall automatically and immediately become due and payable, in all cases without any action on the part of Payee.

8.Waivers. Maker and all endorsers and guarantors of, and sureties for, this Note waive presentment for payment, demand, notice of dishonor, protest, and notice of protest with regard to the Note, all errors, defects and imperfections in any proceedings instituted by Payee under the terms of this Note, and all benefits that might accrue to Maker by virtue of any present or future laws exempting any property, real or personal, or any part of the proceeds arising from any sale of any such property, from attachment, levy or sale under execution, or providing for any stay of execution, exemption from civil process, or extension of time for payment; and Maker agrees that any real estate that may be levied upon pursuant to a judgment obtained by virtue hereof, on any writ of execution issued hereon, may be sold upon any such writ in whole or in part in any order desired by Payee.

9.Unconditional Liability. Maker hereby waives all notices in connection with the delivery, acceptance, performance, default, or enforcement of the payment of this Note, and agrees that its liability shall be unconditional, without regard to the liability of any other party, and shall not be affected in any manner by any indulgence, extension of time, renewal, waiver or modification granted or consented to by Payee, and consents to any and all extensions of time, renewals, waivers, or modifications that may be granted by Payee with respect to the payment or other provisions of this Note, and agree that additional makers, endorsers, guarantors, or sureties may become parties hereto without notice to them or affecting their liability hereunder.

2

10.Notices. Any notice called for hereunder shall be deemed properly given if (i) sent by certified mail, return receipt requested, (ii) personally delivered, (iii) dispatched by any form of private or governmental express mail or delivery service providing receipted delivery, (iv) sent by telefacsimile or (v) sent by e-mail, to the following addresses or to such other address as either party may designate by notice in accordance with this Section:

If to Maker:

Prime Acquisition Corp.

No. 322, Zhongshan East Road

Shijiazhuang

Hebei Province, 050011

People’s Republic of China

Attention: Chief Executive Officer

If to Payee:

Diana Liu

c/o 15F, 300 ChangChun Road,

Taipei, Taiwan

104-87

Notice shall be deemed given on the earlier of (i) actual receipt by the receiving party, (ii) the date shown on a telefacsimile transmission confirmation, (iii) the date on which an e-mail transmission was received by the receiving party’s on-line access provider (iv) the date reflected on a signed delivery receipt, or (vi) two (2) Business Days following tender of delivery or dispatch by express mail or delivery service.

11.Restriction on Transferability. Payee shall not offer, sale, transfer or otherwise dispose of this Note without the written consent of Maker, and any such offer, sale, transfer or disposition made without the written consent of Maker shall be void and of no effect, and Maker shall not unreasonably withheld such consent.

12.Construction. This Note shall be construed and enforced in accordance with the domestic, internal law, but not the law of conflict of laws, of the State of New York.

13.JURISDICTION; SERVICE; WAIVERS.     ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING IN CONNECTION WITH THIS NOTE MAY BE BROUGHT IN A COURT OF RECORD OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK IN THE COUNTY OF NEW YORK. THE PARTIES TO THIS AGREEMENT HEREBY CONSENT TO THE EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION OF SUCH COURTS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, AND SERVICE OF PROCESS MAY BE MADE UPON THE PARTIES TO THIS NOTE BY MAILING A COPY OF THE SUMMONS AND ANY COMPLAINT TO SUCH PERSON, BY REGISTERED OR CERTIFIED MAIL, RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED, AT ITS ADDRESS TO BE USED FOR THE GIVING OF NOTICES UNDER THIS NOTE. BY ACCEPTANCE HEREOF, THE PARTIES HERETO EACH HEREBY IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY WAIVES ANY OBJECTION, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY OBJECTION TO THE LAYING OF VENUE OR BASED ON THE GROUNDS OF FORUM NON CONVENIENS, WHICH IT MAY NOW OR HEREAFTER HAVE TO THE BRINGING OR MAINTAINING OF ANY SUCH ACTION OR PROCEEDING IN SUCH JURISDICTION.

14.Severability. Any provision contained in this Note which is prohibited or unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall, as to such jurisdiction, be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or unenforceability without invalidating the remaining provisions hereof, and any such prohibition or unenforceability in any jurisdiction shall not invalidate or render unenforceable such provision in any other jurisdiction.

3

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Maker, intending to be legally bound hereby, has caused this Note to be issued as of the day and year first above written.

PRIME ACQUISITION CORP.

By: /s/ George Kaufman

       Name:   George Kaufman

       Title:     Director

Acknowledged and Agreed To:

/s/ Diana Chia-Huei Liu

Diana Chia-Huei Liu

4

EX-4.190

Exhibit 4.191

THIS SECURED PROMISSORY NOTE HAS NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE “ACT”) OF THE SECURITIES LAWS OF ANY STATE. NO SALE OR DISPOSITION MAY BE EFFECTED EXCEPT IN COMPLIANCE WITH RULE 144 UNDER THE ACT OR AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT RELATED THERETO OR AN APPLICABLE EXEMPTION THEREFROM.

10% CONVERTIBLE PROMISSORY NOTE

$231,545.21 As of June 1, 2017       

FOR VALUE RECEIVED, Prime Acquisition Corp. a Cayman Islands company (“Maker”) promises to pay to the order of Diana Chia-Huei Liu (“Payee”), or her permitted assigns, the principal sum of Two Hundred Thirty One Thousand Five Hundred Forty-Five Dollars and Twenty-One Cents ($231,545.21) with interest on the outstanding principal amount at the rate of ten percent (10.0%) per annum (the “Interest Rate”), in lawful money of the United States of America, on the terms and conditions described below.

The principal sum comprises of the following two components:

I.       Expired Promissory Notes:

a.      Twenty Five Thousand Dollars and No Cents ($25,000.00) dated May 10, 2016;

b.Twenty Five Thousand Dollars and No Cents ($25,000.00) dated May 23, 2016

c.Sixty Thousand Five Hundred Dollars and No Cents ($60,500.00) dated May 27, 2016;

d.Seventy-Seven Thousand Dollars and No Cents ($77,000.00) dated June 1, 2016

And their interests accumulated according to the notes’ terms and conditions, to June 1, 2017,

II       New loan

a.Twenty-Five Thousand and No Cents ($25,000.00) made on June 1, 2017

1.Maturity Date. Unless converted pursuant to Section 5 hereof, the principal amount of this Note and all accrued and unpaid interest thereon shall be due and payable in full on the date (the “Maturity Date”) that is the earliest to occur of: (i) the date on which Maker liquidates and winds-up its affairs, or (ii) May 31, 2018.

2.Interest. This Note shall bear interest on the unpaid principal balance of this Note at the Interest Rate, and shall be computed on the basis of a 365-day year for the actual number of days elapsed. Interest shall accrue, and be compounded annually, until all amounts owed under this Note shall be fully repaid, or until converted pursuant to Section 5 hereof.

3.Optional Pre-Payment. This Note may be pre-paid in whole or in part at any time prior to the Maturity Date without penalty.

4.Application of Payments. All payments shall be applied first to payment in full of any costs incurred in the collection of any sum due under this Note, including (without limitation) reasonable attorneys’ fees and then to the reduction of the principal balance of this Note.

5.              Conversion Feature. Payee has the option to convert the principal sum and any unpaid interest, either in their entirely or partially, to common shares of Maker according to the following formula:

(i)The lower of $1.30 per shares; or

(ii)The price per share of the next round of financing.

1

6.              Events of Default. The following shall constitute Events of Default:

(a)Failure to Make Required Payments. The Company fails to make a payment, when due, of any principal or interest due on this Note, and such default continues for a period of five (5) days.

(b)Voluntary Bankruptcy, Etc. The commencement by Maker of a voluntary case under the federal bankruptcy code (the “Bankruptcy Code”), as now constituted or hereafter amended, or any other applicable federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, rehabilitation or other similar law, or the consent by it to the appointment of or taking possession by a receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, custodian, sequestrator (or other similar official) of Maker or for any substantial part of its property, or the making by it of any assignment for the benefit of creditors, or the failure of Maker generally to pay its debts as such debts become due, or the taking of corporate action by Maker in furtherance of any of the foregoing.

(c)Involuntary Bankruptcy, Etc. The entry of a decree or order for relief by a court having jurisdiction in the premises in respect of maker in an involuntary case under the Bankruptcy Code, as now or hereafter constituted, or any other applicable federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law, or appointing a receiver, liquidator, assignee, custodian, trustee, sequestrator (or similar official) of Maker or for any substantial part of its property, or ordering the winding-up or liquidation of its affairs, and the continuance of any such decree or order unstayed and in effect for a period of 60 consecutive days.

(d)Adjustment of Interest Rate. The interest rate will automatically be adjusted to twenty-four percent (24%) per annum on all unpaid principal amount.

(e)Conversion Discount. At the option of the Payee the amount owe can be converted to Common Shares of Maker at a thirty percent (30%) discount to the then price.

7.              Remedies.

(a)       Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default specified in Section 6(a), Payee may, by written notice to Maker, declare this Note to be due and payable, whereupon the principal balance of, and all other sums payable with regard to, this Note shall become immediately due and payable without presentment, demand, protest or other notice of any kind, all of which are hereby expressly waived, anything contained herein or in the documents evidencing the same to the contrary notwithstanding.

(b)       Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default specified in Sections 6(b) and 6(c), the principal balance of, and all other sums payable with regard to, this Note shall automatically and immediately become due and payable, in all cases without any action on the part of Payee.

8.Waivers. Maker and all endorsers and guarantors of, and sureties for, this Note waive presentment for payment, demand, notice of dishonor, protest, and notice of protest with regard to the Note, all errors, defects and imperfections in any proceedings instituted by Payee under the terms of this Note, and all benefits that might accrue to Maker by virtue of any present or future laws exempting any property, real or personal, or any part of the proceeds arising from any sale of any such property, from attachment, levy or sale under execution, or providing for any stay of execution, exemption from civil process, or extension of time for payment; and Maker agrees that any real estate that may be levied upon pursuant to a judgment obtained by virtue hereof, on any writ of execution issued hereon, may be sold upon any such writ in whole or in part in any order desired by Payee.

9.Unconditional Liability. Maker hereby waives all notices in connection with the delivery, acceptance, performance, default, or enforcement of the payment of this Note, and agrees that its liability shall be unconditional, without regard to the liability of any other party, and shall not be affected in any manner by any indulgence, extension of time, renewal, waiver or modification granted or consented to by Payee, and consents to any and all extensions of time, renewals, waivers, or modifications that may be granted by Payee with respect to the payment or other provisions of this Note, and agree that additional makers, endorsers, guarantors, or sureties may become parties hereto without notice to them or affecting their liability hereunder.

2

10.Notices. Any notice called for hereunder shall be deemed properly given if (i) sent by certified mail, return receipt requested, (ii) personally delivered, (iii) dispatched by any form of private or governmental express mail or delivery service providing receipted delivery, (iv) sent by telefacsimile or (v) sent by e-mail, to the following addresses or to such other address as either party may designate by notice in accordance with this Section:

If to Maker:

Prime Acquisition Corp.

No. 322, Zhongshan East Road

Shijiazhuang

Hebei Province, 050011

People’s Republic of China

Attention: Chief Executive Officer

If to Payee:

Diana Liu

c/o 15F, 300 ChangChun Road,

Taipei, Taiwan

104-87

Notice shall be deemed given on the earlier of (i) actual receipt by the receiving party, (ii) the date shown on a telefacsimile transmission confirmation, (iii) the date on which an e-mail transmission was received by the receiving party’s on-line access provider (iv) the date reflected on a signed delivery receipt, or (vi) two (2) Business Days following tender of delivery or dispatch by express mail or delivery service.

11.Restriction on Transferability. Payee shall not offer, sale, transfer or otherwise dispose of this Note without the written consent of Maker, and any such offer, sale, transfer or disposition made without the written consent of Maker shall be void and of no effect, and Maker shall not unreasonably withheld such consent.

12.Construction. This Note shall be construed and enforced in accordance with the domestic, internal law, but not the law of conflict of laws, of the State of New York.

13.JURISDICTION; SERVICE; WAIVERS.     ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING IN CONNECTION WITH THIS NOTE MAY BE BROUGHT IN A COURT OF RECORD OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK IN THE COUNTY OF NEW YORK. THE PARTIES TO THIS AGREEMENT HEREBY CONSENT TO THE EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION OF SUCH COURTS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, AND SERVICE OF PROCESS MAY BE MADE UPON THE PARTIES TO THIS NOTE BY MAILING A COPY OF THE SUMMONS AND ANY COMPLAINT TO SUCH PERSON, BY REGISTERED OR CERTIFIED MAIL, RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED, AT ITS ADDRESS TO BE USED FOR THE GIVING OF NOTICES UNDER THIS NOTE. BY ACCEPTANCE HEREOF, THE PARTIES HERETO EACH HEREBY IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY WAIVES ANY OBJECTION, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY OBJECTION TO THE LAYING OF VENUE OR BASED ON THE GROUNDS OF FORUM NON CONVENIENS, WHICH IT MAY NOW OR HEREAFTER HAVE TO THE BRINGING OR MAINTAINING OF ANY SUCH ACTION OR PROCEEDING IN SUCH JURISDICTION.

14.Severability. Any provision contained in this Note which is prohibited or unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall, as to such jurisdiction, be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or unenforceability without invalidating the remaining provisions hereof, and any such prohibition or unenforceability in any jurisdiction shall not invalidate or render unenforceable such provision in any other jurisdiction.

3

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Maker, intending to be legally bound hereby, has caused this Note to be issued as of the day and year first above written.

PRIME ACQUISITION CORP.

By: /s/ George Kaufman

       Name:   George Kaufman

       Title:     Director

Acknowledged and Agreed To:

/s/ Diana Chia-Huei Liu

Diana Chia-Huei Liu

EX-4.192

Exhibit 4.192

THIS SECURED PROMISSORY NOTE HAS NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE “ACT”) OF THE SECURITIES LAWS OF ANY STATE. NO SALE OR DISPOSITION MAY BE EFFECTED EXCEPT IN COMPLIANCE WITH RULE 144 UNDER THE ACT OR AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT RELATED THERETO OR AN APPLICABLE EXEMPTION THEREFROM.

10% CONVERTIBLE PROMISSORY NOTE

$1,098,163.45 As of July 3, 2017       

FOR VALUE RECEIVED, Prime Acquisition Corp. a Cayman Islands company (“Maker”) promises to pay to the order of Diana Chia-Huei Liu (“Payee”), or her permitted assigns, the principal sum of One Million Ninety-Eight Thousand One Hundred and Sixty Three Dollars and Forty-Five Cents ($1,098,163.45) with interest on the outstanding principal amount at the rate of ten percent (10.0%) per annum (the “Interest Rate”), in lawful money of the United States of America, on the terms and conditions described below.

The principal sum comprises of the following two components:

I.             Expired Promissory Notes:

a. Twenty Five Thousand Dollars and No Cents ($25,000.00) dated June 8, 2016;

b. Twenty Five Thousand Dollars and No Cents ($25,000.00) dated June 10, 2016

c. Twenty Five Thousand Dollars and No Cents ($25,000.00) dated June 24, 2016

d. Eight Hundred Twenty Two Thousand and Eight Hundred Dollars and No Cents ($822,800.00) dated July 1, 2016

e. Seventy Seven Thousand Dollars and No Cents ($77,000.00) dated July 1, 2016;

And their interests accumulated according to the notes’ terms and conditions, to July 3, 2017 ,

II       New loan

a. Twenty-Five Thousand and No Cents ($25,000.00) made on July 3, 2017

1.Maturity Date. Unless converted pursuant to Section 5 hereof, the principal amount of this Note and all accrued and unpaid interest thereon shall be due and payable in full on the date (the “Maturity Date”) that is the earliest to occur of: (i) the date on which Maker liquidates and winds-up its affairs, or (ii) July 2nd, 2018.

2.Interest. This Note shall bear interest on the unpaid principal balance of this Note at the Interest Rate, and shall be computed on the basis of a 365-day year for the actual number of days elapsed. Interest shall accrue, and be compounded annually, until all amounts owed under this Note shall be fully repaid, or until converted pursuant to Section 5 hereof.

3.Optional Pre-Payment. This Note may be pre-paid in whole or in part at any time prior to the Maturity Date without penalty.

4.            Application of Payments. All payments shall be applied first to payment in full of any costs incurred in the collection of any sum due under this Note, including (without limitation) reasonable attorneys’ fees and then to the reduction of the principal balance of this Note.

1

5.            Conversion Feature. Payee has the option to convert the principal sum and any unpaid interest, either in their entirely or partially, to common shares of Maker according to the following formula:

(i)The lower of $1.30 per shares; or

(ii)The price per share of the next round of financing.

6.            Events of Default. The following shall constitute Events of Default:

(a)Failure to Make Required Payments. The Company fails to make a payment, when due, of any principal or interest due on this Note, and such default continues for a period of five (5) days.

(b)Voluntary Bankruptcy, Etc. The commencement by Maker of a voluntary case under the federal bankruptcy code (the “Bankruptcy Code”), as now constituted or hereafter amended, or any other applicable federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, rehabilitation or other similar law, or the consent by it to the appointment of or taking possession by a receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, custodian, sequestrator (or other similar official) of Maker or for any substantial part of its property, or the making by it of any assignment for the benefit of creditors, or the failure of Maker generally to pay its debts as such debts become due, or the taking of corporate action by Maker in furtherance of any of the foregoing.

(c)Involuntary Bankruptcy, Etc. The entry of a decree or order for relief by a court having jurisdiction in the premises in respect of maker in an involuntary case under the Bankruptcy Code, as now or hereafter constituted, or any other applicable federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law, or appointing a receiver, liquidator, assignee, custodian, trustee, sequestrator (or similar official) of Maker or for any substantial part of its property, or ordering the winding-up or liquidation of its affairs, and the continuance of any such decree or order unstayed and in effect for a period of 60 consecutive days.

(d)Adjustment of Interest Rate. The interest rate will automatically be adjusted to twenty-four percent (24%) per annum on all unpaid principal amount.

(e)Conversion Discount. At the option of the Payee the amount owe can be converted to Common Shares of Maker at a thirty percent (30%) discount to the then price.

7.            Remedies.

(a)       Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default specified in Section 6(a), Payee may, by written notice to Maker, declare this Note to be due and payable, whereupon the principal balance of, and all other sums payable with regard to, this Note shall become immediately due and payable without presentment, demand, protest or other notice of any kind, all of which are hereby expressly waived, anything contained herein or in the documents evidencing the same to the contrary notwithstanding.

(b)       Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default specified in Sections 6(b) and 6(c), the principal balance of, and all other sums payable with regard to, this Note shall automatically and immediately become due and payable, in all cases without any action on the part of Payee.

8.Waivers. Maker and all endorsers and guarantors of, and sureties for, this Note waive presentment for payment, demand, notice of dishonor, protest, and notice of protest with regard to the Note, all errors, defects and imperfections in any proceedings instituted by Payee under the terms of this Note, and all benefits that might accrue to Maker by virtue of any present or future laws exempting any property, real or personal, or any part of the proceeds arising from any sale of any such property, from attachment, levy or sale under execution, or providing for any stay of execution, exemption from civil process, or extension of time for payment; and Maker agrees that any real estate that may be levied upon pursuant to a judgment obtained by virtue hereof, on any writ of execution issued hereon, may be sold upon any such writ in whole or in part in any order desired by Payee.

2

9.Unconditional Liability. Maker hereby waives all notices in connection with the delivery, acceptance, performance, default, or enforcement of the payment of this Note, and agrees that its liability shall be unconditional, without regard to the liability of any other party, and shall not be affected in any manner by any indulgence, extension of time, renewal, waiver or modification granted or consented to by Payee, and consents to any and all extensions of time, renewals, waivers, or modifications that may be granted by Payee with respect to the payment or other provisions of this Note, and agree that additional makers, endorsers, guarantors, or sureties may become parties hereto without notice to them or affecting their liability hereunder.

10.Notices. Any notice called for hereunder shall be deemed properly given if (i) sent by certified mail, return receipt requested, (ii) personally delivered, (iii) dispatched by any form of private or governmental express mail or delivery service providing receipted delivery, (iv) sent by telefacsimile or (v) sent by e-mail, to the following addresses or to such other address as either party may designate by notice in accordance with this Section:

If to Maker:

Prime Acquisition Corp.

No. 322, Zhongshan East Road

Shijiazhuang

Hebei Province, 050011

People’s Republic of China

Attention: Chief Executive Officer

If to Payee:

Diana Liu

c/o 15F, 300 ChangChun Road,

Taipei, Taiwan

104-87

Notice shall be deemed given on the earlier of (i) actual receipt by the receiving party, (ii) the date shown on a telefacsimile transmission confirmation, (iii) the date on which an e-mail transmission was received by the receiving party’s on-line access provider (iv) the date reflected on a signed delivery receipt, or (vi) two (2) Business Days following tender of delivery or dispatch by express mail or delivery service.

11.Restriction on Transferability. Payee shall not offer, sale, transfer or otherwise dispose of this Note without the written consent of Maker, and any such offer, sale, transfer or disposition made without the written consent of Maker shall be void and of no effect, and Maker shall not unreasonably withheld such consent.

12.Construction. This Note shall be construed and enforced in accordance with the domestic, internal law, but not the law of conflict of laws, of the State of New York.

13.JURISDICTION; SERVICE; WAIVERS.   ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING IN CONNECTION WITH THIS NOTE MAY BE BROUGHT IN A COURT OF RECORD OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK IN THE COUNTY OF NEW YORK. THE PARTIES TO THIS AGREEMENT HEREBY CONSENT TO THE EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION OF SUCH COURTS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, AND SERVICE OF PROCESS MAY BE MADE UPON THE PARTIES TO THIS NOTE BY MAILING A COPY OF THE SUMMONS AND ANY COMPLAINT TO SUCH PERSON, BY REGISTERED OR CERTIFIED MAIL, RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED, AT ITS ADDRESS TO BE USED FOR THE GIVING OF NOTICES UNDER THIS NOTE. BY ACCEPTANCE HEREOF, THE PARTIES HERETO EACH HEREBY IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY WAIVES ANY OBJECTION, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY OBJECTION TO THE LAYING OF VENUE OR BASED ON THE GROUNDS OF FORUM NON CONVENIENS, WHICH IT MAY NOW OR HEREAFTER HAVE TO THE BRINGING OR MAINTAINING OF ANY SUCH ACTION OR PROCEEDING IN SUCH JURISDICTION.

14.Severability. Any provision contained in this Note which is prohibited or unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall, as to such jurisdiction, be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or unenforceability without invalidating the remaining provisions hereof, and any such prohibition or unenforceability in any jurisdiction shall not invalidate or render unenforceable such provision in any other jurisdiction.

3

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Maker, intending to be legally bound hereby, has caused this Note to be issued as of the day and year first above written.

PRIME ACQUISITION CORP.

By: /s/ George Kaufman

       Name:   George Kaufman

       Title:     Director

Acknowledged and Agreed To:

/s/ Diana Chia-Huei Liu

Diana Chia-Huei Liu

4

EX-4.193

Exhibit 4.193

THIS SECURED PROMISSORY NOTE HAS NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE “ACT”) OF THE SECURITIES LAWS OF ANY STATE. NO SALE OR DISPOSITION MAY BE EFFECTED EXCEPT IN COMPLIANCE WITH RULE 144 UNDER THE ACT OR AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT RELATED THERETO OR AN APPLICABLE EXEMPTION THEREFROM.

10% CONVERTIBLE PROMISSORY NOTE

$146,762.33 As of August 1, 2017       

FOR VALUE RECEIVED, Prime Acquisition Corp. a Cayman Islands company (“Maker”) promises to pay to the order of Diana Chia-Huei Liu (“Payee”), or her permitted assigns, the principal sum of One Hundred Forty-Six Thousand Seven Hundred Sixty Two Dollars and Thirty-Three Cents ($146,762.33) with interest on the outstanding principal amount at the rate of ten percent (10.0%) per annum (the “Interest Rate”), in lawful money of the United States of America, on the terms and conditions described below.

The principal sum comprises of the following two components:

I.             Expired Promissory Notes:

a. Twenty Five Thousand Dollars and No Cents ($25,000.00) dated July 11, 2016;

b. Twenty Five Thousand Dollars and No Cents ($25,000.00) dated July 22, 2016

c. Sixty Thousand Five Hundred Dollars and No cents ($60,500.00) dated August 1, 2016

And their interests accumulated according to the notes’ terms and conditions, to August 1, 2018 ,

II       New loan

a. Twenty-Five Thousand and No Cents ($25,000.00) made on August 1, 2017

1.Maturity Date. Unless converted pursuant to Section 5 hereof, the principal amount of this Note and all accrued and unpaid interest thereon shall be due and payable in full on the date (the “Maturity Date”) that is the earliest to occur of: (i) the date on which Maker liquidates and winds-up its affairs, or (ii) July 31, 2018.

2.Interest. This Note shall bear interest on the unpaid principal balance of this Note at the Interest Rate, and shall be computed on the basis of a 365-day year for the actual number of days elapsed. Interest shall accrue, and be compounded annually, until all amounts owed under this Note shall be fully repaid, or until converted pursuant to Section 5 hereof.

3.Optional Pre-Payment. This Note may be pre-paid in whole or in part at any time prior to the Maturity Date without penalty.

4.            Application of Payments. All payments shall be applied first to payment in full of any costs incurred in the collection of any sum due under this Note, including (without limitation) reasonable attorneys’ fees and then to the reduction of the principal balance of this Note.

1

5.            Conversion Feature. Payee has the option to convert the principal sum and any unpaid interest, either in their entirely or partially, to common shares of Maker according to the following formula:

(i)The lower of $1.60 per shares; or

(ii)The price per share of the next round of financing.

6.            Events of Default. The following shall constitute Events of Default:

(a)Failure to Make Required Payments. The Company fails to make a payment, when due, of any principal or interest due on this Note, and such default continues for a period of five (5) days.

(b)Voluntary Bankruptcy, Etc. The commencement by Maker of a voluntary case under the federal bankruptcy code (the “Bankruptcy Code”), as now constituted or hereafter amended, or any other applicable federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, rehabilitation or other similar law, or the consent by it to the appointment of or taking possession by a receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, custodian, sequestrator (or other similar official) of Maker or for any substantial part of its property, or the making by it of any assignment for the benefit of creditors, or the failure of Maker generally to pay its debts as such debts become due, or the taking of corporate action by Maker in furtherance of any of the foregoing.

(c)Involuntary Bankruptcy, Etc. The entry of a decree or order for relief by a court having jurisdiction in the premises in respect of maker in an involuntary case under the Bankruptcy Code, as now or hereafter constituted, or any other applicable federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law, or appointing a receiver, liquidator, assignee, custodian, trustee, sequestrator (or similar official) of Maker or for any substantial part of its property, or ordering the winding-up or liquidation of its affairs, and the continuance of any such decree or order unstayed and in effect for a period of 60 consecutive days.

(d)Adjustment of Interest Rate. The interest rate will automatically be adjusted to twenty-four percent (24%) per annum on all unpaid principal amount.

(e)Conversion Discount. At the option of the Payee the amount owe can be converted to Common Shares of Maker at a thirty percent (30%) discount to the then price.

7.            Remedies.

(a)       Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default specified in Section 6(a), Payee may, by written notice to Maker, declare this Note to be due and payable, whereupon the principal balance of, and all other sums payable with regard to, this Note shall become immediately due and payable without presentment, demand, protest or other notice of any kind, all of which are hereby expressly waived, anything contained herein or in the documents evidencing the same to the contrary notwithstanding.

(b)       Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default specified in Sections 6(b) and 6(c), the principal balance of, and all other sums payable with regard to, this Note shall automatically and immediately become due and payable, in all cases without any action on the part of Payee.

8.Waivers. Maker and all endorsers and guarantors of, and sureties for, this Note waive presentment for payment, demand, notice of dishonor, protest, and notice of protest with regard to the Note, all errors, defects and imperfections in any proceedings instituted by Payee under the terms of this Note, and all benefits that might accrue to Maker by virtue of any present or future laws exempting any property, real or personal, or any part of the proceeds arising from any sale of any such property, from attachment, levy or sale under execution, or providing for any stay of execution, exemption from civil process, or extension of time for payment; and Maker agrees that any real estate that may be levied upon pursuant to a judgment obtained by virtue hereof, on any writ of execution issued hereon, may be sold upon any such writ in whole or in part in any order desired by Payee.

2

9.Unconditional Liability. Maker hereby waives all notices in connection with the delivery, acceptance, performance, default, or enforcement of the payment of this Note, and agrees that its liability shall be unconditional, without regard to the liability of any other party, and shall not be affected in any manner by any indulgence, extension of time, renewal, waiver or modification granted or consented to by Payee, and consents to any and all extensions of time, renewals, waivers, or modifications that may be granted by Payee with respect to the payment or other provisions of this Note, and agree that additional makers, endorsers, guarantors, or sureties may become parties hereto without notice to them or affecting their liability hereunder.

10.Notices. Any notice called for hereunder shall be deemed properly given if (i) sent by certified mail, return receipt requested, (ii) personally delivered, (iii) dispatched by any form of private or governmental express mail or delivery service providing receipted delivery, (iv) sent by telefacsimile or (v) sent by e-mail, to the following addresses or to such other address as either party may designate by notice in accordance with this Section:

If to Maker:

Prime Acquisition Corp.

No. 322, Zhongshan East Road

Shijiazhuang

Hebei Province, 050011

People’s Republic of China

Attention: Chief Executive Officer

If to Payee:

Diana Liu

c/o 15F, 300 ChangChun Road,

Taipei, Taiwan

104-87

Notice shall be deemed given on the earlier of (i) actual receipt by the receiving party, (ii) the date shown on a telefacsimile transmission confirmation, (iii) the date on which an e-mail transmission was received by the receiving party’s on-line access provider (iv) the date reflected on a signed delivery receipt, or (vi) two (2) Business Days following tender of delivery or dispatch by express mail or delivery service.

11.Restriction on Transferability. Payee shall not offer, sale, transfer or otherwise dispose of this Note without the written consent of Maker, and any such offer, sale, transfer or disposition made without the written consent of Maker shall be void and of no effect, and Maker shall not unreasonably withheld such consent.

12.Construction. This Note shall be construed and enforced in accordance with the domestic, internal law, but not the law of conflict of laws, of the State of New York.

13.JURISDICTION; SERVICE; WAIVERS.   ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING IN CONNECTION WITH THIS NOTE MAY BE BROUGHT IN A COURT OF RECORD OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK IN THE COUNTY OF NEW YORK. THE PARTIES TO THIS AGREEMENT HEREBY CONSENT TO THE EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION OF SUCH COURTS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, AND SERVICE OF PROCESS MAY BE MADE UPON THE PARTIES TO THIS NOTE BY MAILING A COPY OF THE SUMMONS AND ANY COMPLAINT TO SUCH PERSON, BY REGISTERED OR CERTIFIED MAIL, RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED, AT ITS ADDRESS TO BE USED FOR THE GIVING OF NOTICES UNDER THIS NOTE. BY ACCEPTANCE HEREOF, THE PARTIES HERETO EACH HEREBY IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY WAIVES ANY OBJECTION, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY OBJECTION TO THE LAYING OF VENUE OR BASED ON THE GROUNDS OF FORUM NON CONVENIENS, WHICH IT MAY NOW OR HEREAFTER HAVE TO THE BRINGING OR MAINTAINING OF ANY SUCH ACTION OR PROCEEDING IN SUCH JURISDICTION.

14.Severability. Any provision contained in this Note which is prohibited or unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall, as to such jurisdiction, be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or unenforceability without invalidating the remaining provisions hereof, and any such prohibition or unenforceability in any jurisdiction shall not invalidate or render unenforceable such provision in any other jurisdiction.

3

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Maker, intending to be legally bound hereby, has caused this Note to be issued as of the day and year first above written.

PRIME ACQUISITION CORP.

By: /s/ George Kaufman

       Name:   George Kaufman

       Title:     Director

Acknowledged and Agreed To:

/s/ Diana Chia-Huei Liu

Diana Chia-Huei Liu

4

EX-4.194

Exhibit 4.194

THIS SECURED PROMISSORY NOTE HAS NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE “ACT”) OF THE SECURITIES LAWS OF ANY STATE. NO SALE OR DISPOSITION MAY BE EFFECTED EXCEPT IN COMPLIANCE WITH RULE 144 UNDER THE ACT OR AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT RELATED THERETO OR AN APPLICABLE EXEMPTION THEREFROM.

10% CONVERTIBLE PROMISSORY NOTE

$311,841.51 As of Sept. 1, 2017       

FOR VALUE RECEIVED, Prime Acquisition Corp. a Cayman Islands company (“Maker”) promises to pay to the order of Diana Chia-Huei Liu (“Payee”), or her permitted assigns, the principal sum of Three Hundred Eleven Thousand Eight Hundred and Forty-One Dollars and Fifty-One Cents ($311,841.51) with interest on the outstanding principal amount at the rate of ten percent (10.0%) per annum (the “Interest Rate”), in lawful money of the United States of America, on the terms and conditions described below.

The principal sum comprises of the following two components:

I.             Expired Promissory Notes:

a.	Twenty Five Thousand Dollars and No Cents ($25,000.00) dated August 9, 2016;
b.	Thirty Six Thousand and Three Hundred Dollars and No Cents ($36,300.00) dated August 14, 2016
c.	Twenty Five Thousand Dollars and No Cents ($25,000.00) dated August 23, 2016;

d. Thirty Six Thousand and Three Hundred Dollars and No Cents ($36,300.00) dated August 25, 2016

e. One Hundred Thirty Seven Thousand and Five Hundred and No cents ($137,500.00) dated August 25 2016

And their interests accumulated according to the notes’ terms and conditions, to August 31, 2018,

II       New loan

a. Twenty-Five Thousand and No Cents ($25,000.00) made on September 1, 2017

1.Maturity Date. Unless converted pursuant to Section 5 hereof, the principal amount of this Note and all accrued and unpaid interest thereon shall be due and payable in full on the date (the “Maturity Date”) that is the earliest to occur of: (i) the date on which Maker liquidates and winds-up its affairs, or (ii) August 31, 2018.

2.Interest. This Note shall bear interest on the unpaid principal balance of this Note at the Interest Rate, and shall be computed on the basis of a 365-day year for the actual number of days elapsed. Interest shall accrue, and be compounded annually, until all amounts owed under this Note shall be fully repaid, or until converted pursuant to Section 5 hereof.

3.Optional Pre-Payment. This Note may be pre-paid in whole or in part at any time prior to the Maturity Date without penalty.

4.            Application of Payments. All payments shall be applied first to payment in full of any costs incurred in the collection of any sum due under this Note, including (without limitation) reasonable attorneys’ fees and then to the reduction of the principal balance of this Note.

1

5.            Conversion Feature. Payee has the option to convert the principal sum and any unpaid interest, either in their entirely or partially, to common shares of Maker according to the following formula:

(i)The lower of $1.70 per shares; or

(ii)The price per share of the next round of financing.

6.            Events of Default. The following shall constitute Events of Default:

(a)Failure to Make Required Payments. The Company fails to make a payment, when due, of any principal or interest due on this Note, and such default continues for a period of five (5) days.

(b)Voluntary Bankruptcy, Etc. The commencement by Maker of a voluntary case under the federal bankruptcy code (the “Bankruptcy Code”), as now constituted or hereafter amended, or any other applicable federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, rehabilitation or other similar law, or the consent by it to the appointment of or taking possession by a receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, custodian, sequestrator (or other similar official) of Maker or for any substantial part of its property, or the making by it of any assignment for the benefit of creditors, or the failure of Maker generally to pay its debts as such debts become due, or the taking of corporate action by Maker in furtherance of any of the foregoing.

(c)Involuntary Bankruptcy, Etc. The entry of a decree or order for relief by a court having jurisdiction in the premises in respect of maker in an involuntary case under the Bankruptcy Code, as now or hereafter constituted, or any other applicable federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law, or appointing a receiver, liquidator, assignee, custodian, trustee, sequestrator (or similar official) of Maker or for any substantial part of its property, or ordering the winding-up or liquidation of its affairs, and the continuance of any such decree or order unstayed and in effect for a period of 60 consecutive days.

(d)Adjustment of Interest Rate. The interest rate will automatically be adjusted to twenty-four percent (24%) per annum on all unpaid principal amount.

(e)Conversion Discount. At the option of the Payee the amount owe can be converted to Common Shares of Maker at a thirty percent (30%) discount to the then price.

7.            Remedies.

(a)       Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default specified in Section 6(a), Payee may, by written notice to Maker, declare this Note to be due and payable, whereupon the principal balance of, and all other sums payable with regard to, this Note shall become immediately due and payable without presentment, demand, protest or other notice of any kind, all of which are hereby expressly waived, anything contained herein or in the documents evidencing the same to the contrary notwithstanding.

(b)       Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default specified in Sections 6(b) and 6(c), the principal balance of, and all other sums payable with regard to, this Note shall automatically and immediately become due and payable, in all cases without any action on the part of Payee.

8.Waivers. Maker and all endorsers and guarantors of, and sureties for, this Note waive presentment for payment, demand, notice of dishonor, protest, and notice of protest with regard to the Note, all errors, defects and imperfections in any proceedings instituted by Payee under the terms of this Note, and all benefits that might accrue to Maker by virtue of any present or future laws exempting any property, real or personal, or any part of the proceeds arising from any sale of any such property, from attachment, levy or sale under execution, or providing for any stay of execution, exemption from civil process, or extension of time for payment; and Maker agrees that any real estate that may be levied upon pursuant to a judgment obtained by virtue hereof, on any writ of execution issued hereon, may be sold upon any such writ in whole or in part in any order desired by Payee.

2

9.Unconditional Liability. Maker hereby waives all notices in connection with the delivery, acceptance, performance, default, or enforcement of the payment of this Note, and agrees that its liability shall be unconditional, without regard to the liability of any other party, and shall not be affected in any manner by any indulgence, extension of time, renewal, waiver or modification granted or consented to by Payee, and consents to any and all extensions of time, renewals, waivers, or modifications that may be granted by Payee with respect to the payment or other provisions of this Note, and agree that additional makers, endorsers, guarantors, or sureties may become parties hereto without notice to them or affecting their liability hereunder.

10.Notices. Any notice called for hereunder shall be deemed properly given if (i) sent by certified mail, return receipt requested, (ii) personally delivered, (iii) dispatched by any form of private or governmental express mail or delivery service providing receipted delivery, (iv) sent by telefacsimile or (v) sent by e-mail, to the following addresses or to such other address as either party may designate by notice in accordance with this Section:

If to Maker:

Prime Acquisition Corp.

No. 322, Zhongshan East Road

Shijiazhuang

Hebei Province, 050011

People’s Republic of China

Attention: Chief Executive Officer

If to Payee:

Diana Liu

c/o 15F, 300 ChangChun Road,

Taipei, Taiwan

104-87

Notice shall be deemed given on the earlier of (i) actual receipt by the receiving party, (ii) the date shown on a telefacsimile transmission confirmation, (iii) the date on which an e-mail transmission was received by the receiving party’s on-line access provider (iv) the date reflected on a signed delivery receipt, or (vi) two (2) Business Days following tender of delivery or dispatch by express mail or delivery service.

11.Restriction on Transferability. Payee shall not offer, sale, transfer or otherwise dispose of this Note without the written consent of Maker, and any such offer, sale, transfer or disposition made without the written consent of Maker shall be void and of no effect, and Maker shall not unreasonably withheld such consent.

12.Construction. This Note shall be construed and enforced in accordance with the domestic, internal law, but not the law of conflict of laws, of the State of New York.

13.JURISDICTION; SERVICE; WAIVERS.   ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING IN CONNECTION WITH THIS NOTE MAY BE BROUGHT IN A COURT OF RECORD OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK IN THE COUNTY OF NEW YORK. THE PARTIES TO THIS AGREEMENT HEREBY CONSENT TO THE EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION OF SUCH COURTS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, AND SERVICE OF PROCESS MAY BE MADE UPON THE PARTIES TO THIS NOTE BY MAILING A COPY OF THE SUMMONS AND ANY COMPLAINT TO SUCH PERSON, BY REGISTERED OR CERTIFIED MAIL, RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED, AT ITS ADDRESS TO BE USED FOR THE GIVING OF NOTICES UNDER THIS NOTE. BY ACCEPTANCE HEREOF, THE PARTIES HERETO EACH HEREBY IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY WAIVES ANY OBJECTION, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY OBJECTION TO THE LAYING OF VENUE OR BASED ON THE GROUNDS OF FORUM NON CONVENIENS, WHICH IT MAY NOW OR HEREAFTER HAVE TO THE BRINGING OR MAINTAINING OF ANY SUCH ACTION OR PROCEEDING IN SUCH JURISDICTION.

14.Severability. Any provision contained in this Note which is prohibited or unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall, as to such jurisdiction, be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or unenforceability without invalidating the remaining provisions hereof, and any such prohibition or unenforceability in any jurisdiction shall not invalidate or render unenforceable such provision in any other jurisdiction.

3

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Maker, intending to be legally bound hereby, has caused this Note to be issued as of the day and year first above written.

PRIME ACQUISITION CORP.

By: /s/ George Kaufman

       Name:   George Kaufman

       Title:     Director

Acknowledged and Agreed To:

/s/ Diana Chia-Huei Liu

Diana Chia-Huei Liu

4

EX-4.195

Exhibit 4.195

THIS SECURED PROMISSORY NOTE HAS NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE “ACT”) OF THE SECURITIES LAWS OF ANY STATE. NO SALE OR DISPOSITION MAY BE EFFECTED EXCEPT IN COMPLIANCE WITH RULE 144 UNDER THE ACT OR AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT RELATED THERETO OR AN APPLICABLE EXEMPTION THEREFROM.

10% CONVERTIBLE PROMISSORY NOTE

$350,439.32 As of October 2, 2017

FOR VALUE RECEIVED, Prime Acquisition Corp. a Cayman Islands company (“Maker”) promises to pay to the order of Diana Chia-Huei Liu (“Payee”), or her permitted assigns, the principal sum of Three Hundred Fifty Thousand Four Hundred Thirty-Nine Dollars and Thirty-Two Cents ($350,439.32) with interest on the outstanding principal amount at the rate of ten percent (10.0%) per annum (the “Interest Rate”), in lawful money of the United States of America, on the terms and conditions described below.

The principal sum comprises of the following two components:

I.     Expired Promissory Notes:

a.	Eighteen Thousand Dollars and No Cents ($18,000.00) dated September 9, 2016;
b.	Seventeen Thousand Dollars and No Cents ($17,000.00) dated September 20, 2016
c.	Two Hundred Sixty Thousand Seven Hundred Dollars and No Cents ($260,700.00) dated October 2, 2016;

And their interests accumulated according to the notes’ terms and conditions, to October 2, 2017,

II    New loan

a. Twenty-Five Thousand and No Cents ($25,000.00) made on October 2, 2017

1.Maturity Date. Unless converted pursuant to Section 5 hereof, the principal amount of this Note and all accrued and unpaid interest thereon shall be due and payable in full on the date (the “Maturity Date”) that is the earliest to occur of: (i) the date on which Maker liquidates and winds-up its affairs, or (ii) October 1, 2018.

2.Interest. This Note shall bear interest on the unpaid principal balance of this Note at the Interest Rate, and shall be computed on the basis of a 365-day year for the actual number of days elapsed. Interest shall accrue, and be compounded annually, until all amounts owed under this Note shall be fully repaid, or until converted pursuant to Section 5 hereof.

3.Optional Pre-Payment. This Note may be pre-paid in whole or in part at any time prior to the Maturity Date without penalty.

4.            Application of Payments. All payments shall be applied first to payment in full of any costs incurred in the collection of any sum due under this Note, including (without limitation) reasonable attorneys’ fees and then to the reduction of the principal balance of this Note.

1

5.            Conversion Feature. Payee has the option to convert the principal sum and any unpaid interest, either in their entirely or partially, to common shares of Maker according to the following formula:

(i)The lower of $1.60 per shares; or

(ii)The price per share of the next round of financing.

6.            Events of Default. The following shall constitute Events of Default:

(a)Failure to Make Required Payments. The Company fails to make a payment, when due, of any principal or interest due on this Note, and such default continues for a period of five (5) days.

(b)Voluntary Bankruptcy, Etc. The commencement by Maker of a voluntary case under the federal bankruptcy code (the “Bankruptcy Code”), as now constituted or hereafter amended, or any other applicable federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, rehabilitation or other similar law, or the consent by it to the appointment of or taking possession by a receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, custodian, sequestrator (or other similar official) of Maker or for any substantial part of its property, or the making by it of any assignment for the benefit of creditors, or the failure of Maker generally to pay its debts as such debts become due, or the taking of corporate action by Maker in furtherance of any of the foregoing.

(c)Involuntary Bankruptcy, Etc. The entry of a decree or order for relief by a court having jurisdiction in the premises in respect of maker in an involuntary case under the Bankruptcy Code, as now or hereafter constituted, or any other applicable federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law, or appointing a receiver, liquidator, assignee, custodian, trustee, sequestrator (or similar official) of Maker or for any substantial part of its property, or ordering the winding-up or liquidation of its affairs, and the continuance of any such decree or order unstayed and in effect for a period of 60 consecutive days.

(d)Adjustment of Interest Rate. The interest rate will automatically be adjusted to twenty-four percent (24%) per annum on all unpaid principal amount.

(e)Conversion Discount. At the option of the Payee the amount owe can be converted to Common Shares of Maker at a thirty percent (30%) discount to the then price.

7.            Remedies.

(a)       Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default specified in Section 6(a), Payee may, by written notice to Maker, declare this Note to be due and payable, whereupon the principal balance of, and all other sums payable with regard to, this Note shall become immediately due and payable without presentment, demand, protest or other notice of any kind, all of which are hereby expressly waived, anything contained herein or in the documents evidencing the same to the contrary notwithstanding.

(b)       Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default specified in Sections 6(b) and 6(c), the principal balance of, and all other sums payable with regard to, this Note shall automatically and immediately become due and payable, in all cases without any action on the part of Payee.

8.Waivers. Maker and all endorsers and guarantors of, and sureties for, this Note waive presentment for payment, demand, notice of dishonor, protest, and notice of protest with regard to the Note, all errors, defects and imperfections in any proceedings instituted by Payee under the terms of this Note, and all benefits that might accrue to Maker by virtue of any present or future laws exempting any property, real or personal, or any part of the proceeds arising from any sale of any such property, from attachment, levy or sale under execution, or providing for any stay of execution, exemption from civil process, or extension of time for payment; and Maker agrees that any real estate that may be levied upon pursuant to a judgment obtained by virtue hereof, on any writ of execution issued hereon, may be sold upon any such writ in whole or in part in any order desired by Payee.

2

9.Unconditional Liability. Maker hereby waives all notices in connection with the delivery, acceptance, performance, default, or enforcement of the payment of this Note, and agrees that its liability shall be unconditional, without regard to the liability of any other party, and shall not be affected in any manner by any indulgence, extension of time, renewal, waiver or modification granted or consented to by Payee, and consents to any and all extensions of time, renewals, waivers, or modifications that may be granted by Payee with respect to the payment or other provisions of this Note, and agree that additional makers, endorsers, guarantors, or sureties may become parties hereto without notice to them or affecting their liability hereunder.

10.Notices. Any notice called for hereunder shall be deemed properly given if (i) sent by certified mail, return receipt requested, (ii) personally delivered, (iii) dispatched by any form of private or governmental express mail or delivery service providing receipted delivery, (iv) sent by telefacsimile or (v) sent by e-mail, to the following addresses or to such other address as either party may designate by notice in accordance with this Section:

If to Maker:

Prime Acquisition Corp.

No. 322, Zhongshan East Road

Shijiazhuang

Hebei Province, 050011

People’s Republic of China

Attention: Chief Executive Officer

If to Payee:

Diana Liu

c/o 15F, 300 ChangChun Road,

Taipei, Taiwan

104-87

Notice shall be deemed given on the earlier of (i) actual receipt by the receiving party, (ii) the date shown on a telefacsimile transmission confirmation, (iii) the date on which an e-mail transmission was received by the receiving party’s on-line access provider (iv) the date reflected on a signed delivery receipt, or (vi) two (2) Business Days following tender of delivery or dispatch by express mail or delivery service.

11.Restriction on Transferability. Payee shall not offer, sale, transfer or otherwise dispose of this Note without the written consent of Maker, and any such offer, sale, transfer or disposition made without the written consent of Maker shall be void and of no effect, and Maker shall not unreasonably withheld such consent.

12.Construction. This Note shall be construed and enforced in accordance with the domestic, internal law, but not the law of conflict of laws, of the State of New York.

13.JURISDICTION; SERVICE; WAIVERS.   ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING IN CONNECTION WITH THIS NOTE MAY BE BROUGHT IN A COURT OF RECORD OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK IN THE COUNTY OF NEW YORK. THE PARTIES TO THIS AGREEMENT HEREBY CONSENT TO THE EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION OF SUCH COURTS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, AND SERVICE OF PROCESS MAY BE MADE UPON THE PARTIES TO THIS NOTE BY MAILING A COPY OF THE SUMMONS AND ANY COMPLAINT TO SUCH PERSON, BY REGISTERED OR CERTIFIED MAIL, RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED, AT ITS ADDRESS TO BE USED FOR THE GIVING OF NOTICES UNDER THIS NOTE. BY ACCEPTANCE HEREOF, THE PARTIES HERETO EACH HEREBY IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY WAIVES ANY OBJECTION, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY OBJECTION TO THE LAYING OF VENUE OR BASED ON THE GROUNDS OF FORUM NON CONVENIENS, WHICH IT MAY NOW OR HEREAFTER HAVE TO THE BRINGING OR MAINTAINING OF ANY SUCH ACTION OR PROCEEDING IN SUCH JURISDICTION.

14.Severability. Any provision contained in this Note which is prohibited or unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall, as to such jurisdiction, be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or unenforceability without invalidating the remaining provisions hereof, and any such prohibition or unenforceability in any jurisdiction shall not invalidate or render unenforceable such provision in any other jurisdiction.

3

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Maker, intending to be legally bound hereby, has caused this Note to be issued as of the day and year first above written.

PRIME ACQUISITION CORP.

By: /s/ George Kaufman

       Name:   George Kaufman

       Title:     Director

Acknowledged and Agreed To:

/s/ Diana Chia-Huei Liu

Diana Chia-Huei Liu

4

EX-4.196

Exhibit 4.196

THIS SECURED PROMISSORY NOTE HAS NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE “ACT”) OF THE SECURITIES LAWS OF ANY STATE. NO SALE OR DISPOSITION MAY BE EFFECTED EXCEPT IN COMPLIANCE WITH RULE 144 UNDER THE ACT OR AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT RELATED THERETO OR AN APPLICABLE EXEMPTION THEREFROM.

10% CONVERTIBLE PROMISSORY NOTE

$254,357.45 As of November 1, 2017

FOR VALUE RECEIVED, Prime Acquisition Corp. a Cayman Islands company (“Maker”) promises to pay to the order of Diana Chia-Huei Liu (“Payee”), or her permitted assigns, the principal sum of Two Hundred Fifty Four Thousand Three Hundred Fifty Seven Dollars and Forty Five Cents ($254,357.45) with interest on the outstanding principal amount at the rate of ten percent (10.0%) per annum (the “Interest Rate”), in lawful money of the United States of America, on the terms and conditions described below.

The principal sum comprises of the following two components:

I.     Expired Promissory Notes:

a.	Twenty Thousand Dollars and No Cents ($20,000.00) dated October 3rd, 2016;
b.	One Hundred Fifty Seven Thousand and Three Hundred Dollars and No Cents ($157,300.00) dated October 8th, 2016
c.	Twenty Thousand Dollars and No Cents ($20,000.00) dated October 11th, 2016;
d.	Ten Thousand Dollars and No Cents ($10,000.00) dated October 25th, 2016

And their interests accumulated according to the notes’ terms and conditions, to November 1st, 2017,

II       New loan

a. Twenty-Five Thousand and No Cents ($25,000.00) made on November 1st 2017

1.Maturity Date. Unless converted pursuant to Section 5 hereof, the principal amount of this Note and all accrued and unpaid interest thereon shall be due and payable in full on the date (the “Maturity Date”) that is the earliest to occur of: (i) the date on which Maker liquidates and winds-up its affairs, or (ii) October 31, 2018.

2.Interest. This Note shall bear interest on the unpaid principal balance of this Note at the Interest Rate, and shall be computed on the basis of a 365-day year for the actual number of days elapsed. Interest shall accrue, and be compounded annually, until all amounts owed under this Note shall be fully repaid, or until converted pursuant to Section 5 hereof.

3.Optional Pre-Payment. This Note may be pre-paid in whole or in part at any time prior to the Maturity Date without penalty.

4.            Application of Payments. All payments shall be applied first to payment in full of any costs incurred in the collection of any sum due under this Note, including (without limitation) reasonable attorneys’ fees and then to the reduction of the principal balance of this Note.

1

5.            Conversion Feature. Payee has the option to convert the principal sum and any unpaid interest, either in their entirely or partially, to common shares of Maker according to the following formula:

(i)The lower of $1.52 per shares; or

(ii)The price per share of the next round of financing.

6.            Events of Default. The following shall constitute Events of Default:

(a)Failure to Make Required Payments. The Company fails to make a payment, when due, of any principal or interest due on this Note, and such default continues for a period of five (5) days.

(b)Voluntary Bankruptcy, Etc. The commencement by Maker of a voluntary case under the federal bankruptcy code (the “Bankruptcy Code”), as now constituted or hereafter amended, or any other applicable federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, rehabilitation or other similar law, or the consent by it to the appointment of or taking possession by a receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, custodian, sequestrator (or other similar official) of Maker or for any substantial part of its property, or the making by it of any assignment for the benefit of creditors, or the failure of Maker generally to pay its debts as such debts become due, or the taking of corporate action by Maker in furtherance of any of the foregoing.

(c)Involuntary Bankruptcy, Etc. The entry of a decree or order for relief by a court having jurisdiction in the premises in respect of maker in an involuntary case under the Bankruptcy Code, as now or hereafter constituted, or any other applicable federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law, or appointing a receiver, liquidator, assignee, custodian, trustee, sequestrator (or similar official) of Maker or for any substantial part of its property, or ordering the winding-up or liquidation of its affairs, and the continuance of any such decree or order unstayed and in effect for a period of 60 consecutive days.

(d)Adjustment of Interest Rate. The interest rate will automatically be adjusted to twenty-four percent (24%) per annum on all unpaid principal amount.

(e)Conversion Discount. At the option of the Payee the amount owe can be converted to Common Shares of Maker at a thirty percent (30%) discount to the then price.

7.            Remedies.

(a)       Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default specified in Section 6(a), Payee may, by written notice to Maker, declare this Note to be due and payable, whereupon the principal balance of, and all other sums payable with regard to, this Note shall become immediately due and payable without presentment, demand, protest or other notice of any kind, all of which are hereby expressly waived, anything contained herein or in the documents evidencing the same to the contrary notwithstanding.

(b)       Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default specified in Sections 6(b) and 6(c), the principal balance of, and all other sums payable with regard to, this Note shall automatically and immediately become due and payable, in all cases without any action on the part of Payee.

8.Waivers. Maker and all endorsers and guarantors of, and sureties for, this Note waive presentment for payment, demand, notice of dishonor, protest, and notice of protest with regard to the Note, all errors, defects and imperfections in any proceedings instituted by Payee under the terms of this Note, and all benefits that might accrue to Maker by virtue of any present or future laws exempting any property, real or personal, or any part of the proceeds arising from any sale of any such property, from attachment, levy or sale under execution, or providing for any stay of execution, exemption from civil process, or extension of time for payment; and Maker agrees that any real estate that may be levied upon pursuant to a judgment obtained by virtue hereof, on any writ of execution issued hereon, may be sold upon any such writ in whole or in part in any order desired by Payee.

2

9.Unconditional Liability. Maker hereby waives all notices in connection with the delivery, acceptance, performance, default, or enforcement of the payment of this Note, and agrees that its liability shall be unconditional, without regard to the liability of any other party, and shall not be affected in any manner by any indulgence, extension of time, renewal, waiver or modification granted or consented to by Payee, and consents to any and all extensions of time, renewals, waivers, or modifications that may be granted by Payee with respect to the payment or other provisions of this Note, and agree that additional makers, endorsers, guarantors, or sureties may become parties hereto without notice to them or affecting their liability hereunder.

10.Notices. Any notice called for hereunder shall be deemed properly given if (i) sent by certified mail, return receipt requested, (ii) personally delivered, (iii) dispatched by any form of private or governmental express mail or delivery service providing receipted delivery, (iv) sent by telefacsimile or (v) sent by e-mail, to the following addresses or to such other address as either party may designate by notice in accordance with this Section:

If to Maker:

Prime Acquisition Corp.

No. 322, Zhongshan East Road

Shijiazhuang

Hebei Province, 050011

People’s Republic of China

Attention: Chief Executive Officer

If to Payee:

Diana Liu

c/o 15F, 300 ChangChun Road,

Taipei, Taiwan

104-87

Notice shall be deemed given on the earlier of (i) actual receipt by the receiving party, (ii) the date shown on a telefacsimile transmission confirmation, (iii) the date on which an e-mail transmission was received by the receiving party’s on-line access provider (iv) the date reflected on a signed delivery receipt, or (vi) two (2) Business Days following tender of delivery or dispatch by express mail or delivery service.

11.Restriction on Transferability. Payee shall not offer, sale, transfer or otherwise dispose of this Note without the written consent of Maker, and any such offer, sale, transfer or disposition made without the written consent of Maker shall be void and of no effect, and Maker shall not unreasonably withheld such consent.

12.Construction. This Note shall be construed and enforced in accordance with the domestic, internal law, but not the law of conflict of laws, of the State of New York.

13.JURISDICTION; SERVICE; WAIVERS.   ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING IN CONNECTION WITH THIS NOTE MAY BE BROUGHT IN A COURT OF RECORD OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK IN THE COUNTY OF NEW YORK. THE PARTIES TO THIS AGREEMENT HEREBY CONSENT TO THE EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION OF SUCH COURTS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, AND SERVICE OF PROCESS MAY BE MADE UPON THE PARTIES TO THIS NOTE BY MAILING A COPY OF THE SUMMONS AND ANY COMPLAINT TO SUCH PERSON, BY REGISTERED OR CERTIFIED MAIL, RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED, AT ITS ADDRESS TO BE USED FOR THE GIVING OF NOTICES UNDER THIS NOTE. BY ACCEPTANCE HEREOF, THE PARTIES HERETO EACH HEREBY IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY WAIVES ANY OBJECTION, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY OBJECTION TO THE LAYING OF VENUE OR BASED ON THE GROUNDS OF FORUM NON CONVENIENS, WHICH IT MAY NOW OR HEREAFTER HAVE TO THE BRINGING OR MAINTAINING OF ANY SUCH ACTION OR PROCEEDING IN SUCH JURISDICTION.

14.Severability. Any provision contained in this Note which is prohibited or unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall, as to such jurisdiction, be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or unenforceability without invalidating the remaining provisions hereof, and any such prohibition or unenforceability in any jurisdiction shall not invalidate or render unenforceable such provision in any other jurisdiction.

3

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Maker, intending to be legally bound hereby, has caused this Note to be issued as of the day and year first above written.

PRIME ACQUISITION CORP.

By: /s/ George Kaufman

       Name:   George Kaufman

       Title:     Director

Acknowledged and Agreed To:

/s/ Diana Chia-Huei Liu

Diana Chia-Huei Liu

4

EX-4.197

Exhibit 4.197

THIS SECURED PROMISSORY NOTE HAS NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE “ACT”) OF THE SECURITIES LAWS OF ANY STATE. NO SALE OR DISPOSITION MAY BE EFFECTED EXCEPT IN COMPLIANCE WITH RULE 144 UNDER THE ACT OR AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT RELATED THERETO OR AN APPLICABLE EXEMPTION THEREFROM.

10% CONVERTIBLE PROMISSORY NOTE

$605,284.04 As of December 1, 2017

FOR VALUE RECEIVED, Prime Acquisition Corp. a Cayman Islands company (“Maker”) promises to pay to the order of Diana Chia-Huei Liu (“Payee”), or her permitted assigns, the principal sum of Six Hundred Five Thousand Two Hundred Eighty Four Dollars and Four Cents ($605,284.04) with interest on the outstanding principal amount at the rate of ten percent (10.0%) per annum (the “Interest Rate”), in lawful money of the United States of America, on the terms and conditions described below.

The principal sum comprises of the following two components:

I.     Expired Promissory Notes:

a.	Sixty Thousand Five Hundred Dollars and No Cents ($60,500.00) dated November 5, 2016;
b.	Thirty Thousand Dollars and No Cents ($30,000) dated November 7, 2016;
c.	Thirty Three Thousand Dollars and No Cents ($33,000.00) dated November 16, 2016;
d.	Twenty Thousand Dollars and No Cents ($20,000.00) dated November 17, 2016;
e.	Three Hundred Twenty Thousand Six Hundred Fifty Dollars and No Cents ($320,650.00) dated November 21, 2016;
f.	Thirty Thousand Dollars and No Cents ($30,000.00) dated December 1, 2016.

And their interests accumulated according to the notes’ terms and conditions, to December 1st, 2017,

II      New loan

a. Sixty Thousand and No Cents ($60,000.00) made on December 1, 2017

1.Maturity Date. Unless converted pursuant to Section 5 hereof, the principal amount of this Note and all accrued and unpaid interest thereon shall be due and payable in full on the date (the “Maturity Date”) that is the earliest to occur of: (i) the date on which Maker liquidates and winds-up its affairs, or (ii) November 30, 2018.

2.Interest. This Note shall bear interest on the unpaid principal balance of this Note at the Interest Rate, and shall be computed on the basis of a 365-day year for the actual number of days elapsed. Interest shall accrue, and be compounded annually, until all amounts owed under this Note shall be fully repaid, or until converted pursuant to Section 5 hereof.

3.Optional Pre-Payment. This Note may be pre-paid in whole or in part at any time prior to the Maturity Date without penalty.

4.            Application of Payments. All payments shall be applied first to payment in full of any costs incurred in the collection of any sum due under this Note, including (without limitation) reasonable attorneys’ fees and then to the reduction of the principal balance of this Note.

1

5.            Conversion Feature. Payee has the option to convert the principal sum and any unpaid interest, either in their entirely or partially, to common shares of Maker according to the following formula:

(i)The lower of $1.50 per shares; or

(ii)The price per share of the next round of financing.

6.            Events of Default. The following shall constitute Events of Default:

(a)Failure to Make Required Payments. The Company fails to make a payment, when due, of any principal or interest due on this Note, and such default continues for a period of five (5) days.

(b)Voluntary Bankruptcy, Etc. The commencement by Maker of a voluntary case under the federal bankruptcy code (the “Bankruptcy Code”), as now constituted or hereafter amended, or any other applicable federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, rehabilitation or other similar law, or the consent by it to the appointment of or taking possession by a receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, custodian, sequestrator (or other similar official) of Maker or for any substantial part of its property, or the making by it of any assignment for the benefit of creditors, or the failure of Maker generally to pay its debts as such debts become due, or the taking of corporate action by Maker in furtherance of any of the foregoing.

(c)Involuntary Bankruptcy, Etc. The entry of a decree or order for relief by a court having jurisdiction in the premises in respect of maker in an involuntary case under the Bankruptcy Code, as now or hereafter constituted, or any other applicable federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law, or appointing a receiver, liquidator, assignee, custodian, trustee, sequestrator (or similar official) of Maker or for any substantial part of its property, or ordering the winding-up or liquidation of its affairs, and the continuance of any such decree or order unstayed and in effect for a period of 60 consecutive days.

(d)Adjustment of Interest Rate. The interest rate will automatically be adjusted to twenty-four percent (24%) per annum on all unpaid principal amount.

(e)Conversion Discount. At the option of the Payee the amount owe can be converted to Common Shares of Maker at a thirty percent (30%) discount to the then price.

7.            Remedies.

(a)       Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default specified in Section 6(a), Payee may, by written notice to Maker, declare this Note to be due and payable, whereupon the principal balance of, and all other sums payable with regard to, this Note shall become immediately due and payable without presentment, demand, protest or other notice of any kind, all of which are hereby expressly waived, anything contained herein or in the documents evidencing the same to the contrary notwithstanding.

(b)       Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default specified in Sections 6(b) and 6(c), the principal balance of, and all other sums payable with regard to, this Note shall automatically and immediately become due and payable, in all cases without any action on the part of Payee.

8.Waivers. Maker and all endorsers and guarantors of, and sureties for, this Note waive presentment for payment, demand, notice of dishonor, protest, and notice of protest with regard to the Note, all errors, defects and imperfections in any proceedings instituted by Payee under the terms of this Note, and all benefits that might accrue to Maker by virtue of any present or future laws exempting any property, real or personal, or any part of the proceeds arising from any sale of any such property, from attachment, levy or sale under execution, or providing for any stay of execution, exemption from civil process, or extension of time for payment; and Maker agrees that any real estate that may be levied upon pursuant to a judgment obtained by virtue hereof, on any writ of execution issued hereon, may be sold upon any such writ in whole or in part in any order desired by Payee.

2

9.Unconditional Liability. Maker hereby waives all notices in connection with the delivery, acceptance, performance, default, or enforcement of the payment of this Note, and agrees that its liability shall be unconditional, without regard to the liability of any other party, and shall not be affected in any manner by any indulgence, extension of time, renewal, waiver or modification granted or consented to by Payee, and consents to any and all extensions of time, renewals, waivers, or modifications that may be granted by Payee with respect to the payment or other provisions of this Note, and agree that additional makers, endorsers, guarantors, or sureties may become parties hereto without notice to them or affecting their liability hereunder.

10.Notices. Any notice called for hereunder shall be deemed properly given if (i) sent by certified mail, return receipt requested, (ii) personally delivered, (iii) dispatched by any form of private or governmental express mail or delivery service providing receipted delivery, (iv) sent by telefacsimile or (v) sent by e-mail, to the following addresses or to such other address as either party may designate by notice in accordance with this Section:

If to Maker:

Prime Acquisition Corp.

No. 322, Zhongshan East Road

Shijiazhuang

Hebei Province, 050011

People’s Republic of China

Attention: Chief Executive Officer

If to Payee:

Diana Liu

c/o 15F, 300 ChangChun Road,

Taipei, Taiwan

104-87

Notice shall be deemed given on the earlier of (i) actual receipt by the receiving party, (ii) the date shown on a telefacsimile transmission confirmation, (iii) the date on which an e-mail transmission was received by the receiving party’s on-line access provider (iv) the date reflected on a signed delivery receipt, or (vi) two (2) Business Days following tender of delivery or dispatch by express mail or delivery service.

11.Restriction on Transferability. Payee shall not offer, sale, transfer or otherwise dispose of this Note without the written consent of Maker, and any such offer, sale, transfer or disposition made without the written consent of Maker shall be void and of no effect, and Maker shall not unreasonably withheld such consent.

12.Construction. This Note shall be construed and enforced in accordance with the domestic, internal law, but not the law of conflict of laws, of the State of New York.

13.JURISDICTION; SERVICE; WAIVERS.   ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING IN CONNECTION WITH THIS NOTE MAY BE BROUGHT IN A COURT OF RECORD OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK IN THE COUNTY OF NEW YORK. THE PARTIES TO THIS AGREEMENT HEREBY CONSENT TO THE EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION OF SUCH COURTS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, AND SERVICE OF PROCESS MAY BE MADE UPON THE PARTIES TO THIS NOTE BY MAILING A COPY OF THE SUMMONS AND ANY COMPLAINT TO SUCH PERSON, BY REGISTERED OR CERTIFIED MAIL, RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED, AT ITS ADDRESS TO BE USED FOR THE GIVING OF NOTICES UNDER THIS NOTE. BY ACCEPTANCE HEREOF, THE PARTIES HERETO EACH HEREBY IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY WAIVES ANY OBJECTION, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY OBJECTION TO THE LAYING OF VENUE OR BASED ON THE GROUNDS OF FORUM NON CONVENIENS, WHICH IT MAY NOW OR HEREAFTER HAVE TO THE BRINGING OR MAINTAINING OF ANY SUCH ACTION OR PROCEEDING IN SUCH JURISDICTION.

14.Severability. Any provision contained in this Note which is prohibited or unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall, as to such jurisdiction, be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or unenforceability without invalidating the remaining provisions hereof, and any such prohibition or unenforceability in any jurisdiction shall not invalidate or render unenforceable such provision in any other jurisdiction.

3

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Maker, intending to be legally bound hereby, has caused this Note to be issued as of the day and year first above written.

PRIME ACQUISITION CORP.

By: /s/ George Kaufman

       Name:   George Kaufman

       Title:     Director

Acknowledged and Agreed To:

/s/ Diana Chia-Huei Liu

Diana Chia-Huei Liu

4

EX-4.198

Exhibit 4.198

THIS SECURED PROMISSORY NOTE HAS NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE “ACT”) OF THE SECURITIES LAWS OF ANY STATE. NO SALE OR DISPOSITION MAY BE EFFECTED EXCEPT IN COMPLIANCE WITH RULE 144 UNDER THE ACT OR AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT RELATED THERETO OR AN APPLICABLE EXEMPTION THEREFROM.

10% CONVERTIBLE PROMISSORY NOTE

$537,028.91 As of January 9, 2018       

FOR VALUE RECEIVED, Prime Acquisition Corp. a Cayman Islands company (“Maker”) promises to pay to the order of Diana Chia-Huei Liu (“Payee”), or her permitted assigns, the principal sum of Five Hundred Thirty Seven Thousand Twenty Eight Dollars and Ninety One Cents ($537,028.91) with interest on the outstanding principal amount at the rate of ten percent (10.0%) per annum (the “Interest Rate”), in lawful money of the United States of America, on the terms and conditions described below.

The principal sum comprises of the following two components:

I.      Expired Promissory Notes:

a.	Three Hundred Twenty Thousand Six Hundred & Fifty Dollars and No Cents ($320,650.00) dated December 6, 2016;
b.	Twenty Thousand Dollars and No Cents ($20,000) dated December 8, 2016;
c.	Thirty Three Thousand Dollars and No Cents ($33,000) dated December 10, 2016;
d.	Thirty Thousand Dollars and No Cents ($30,000.00) dated December 14, 2016.
e.	Forty Eight Thousand Four Hundred Dollars and No Cents ($48,400.00) dated December 17, 2016;

And their interests accumulated according to the notes’ terms and conditions, to January 9, 2018,

II      New loan

a. Thirty Two Thousand Five Hundred and No Cents ($32,500.00) made on January 9, 2018

1.Maturity Date. Unless converted pursuant to Section 5 hereof, the principal amount of this Note and all accrued and unpaid interest thereon shall be due and payable in full on the date (the “Maturity Date”) that is the earliest to occur of: (i) the date on which Maker liquidates and winds-up its affairs, or (ii) January 8, 2018.

2.Interest. This Note shall bear interest on the unpaid principal balance of this Note at the Interest Rate, and shall be computed on the basis of a 365-day year for the actual number of days elapsed. Interest shall accrue, and be compounded annually, until all amounts owed under this Note shall be fully repaid, or until converted pursuant to Section 5 hereof.

3.Optional Pre-Payment. This Note may be pre-paid in whole or in part at any time prior to the Maturity Date without penalty.

4.            Application of Payments. All payments shall be applied first to payment in full of any costs incurred in the collection of any sum due under this Note, including (without limitation) reasonable attorneys’ fees and then to the reduction of the principal balance of this Note.

1

5.            Conversion Feature. Payee has the option to convert the principal sum and any unpaid interest, either in their entirely or partially, to common shares of Maker according to the following formula:

(i)The lower of $0.95 per shares; or

(ii)The price per share of the next round of financing.

6.            Events of Default. The following shall constitute Events of Default:

(a)Failure to Make Required Payments. The Company fails to make a payment, when due, of any principal or interest due on this Note, and such default continues for a period of five (5) days.

(b)Voluntary Bankruptcy, Etc. The commencement by Maker of a voluntary case under the federal bankruptcy code (the “Bankruptcy Code”), as now constituted or hereafter amended, or any other applicable federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, rehabilitation or other similar law, or the consent by it to the appointment of or taking possession by a receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, custodian, sequestrator (or other similar official) of Maker or for any substantial part of its property, or the making by it of any assignment for the benefit of creditors, or the failure of Maker generally to pay its debts as such debts become due, or the taking of corporate action by Maker in furtherance of any of the foregoing.

(c)Involuntary Bankruptcy, Etc. The entry of a decree or order for relief by a court having jurisdiction in the premises in respect of maker in an involuntary case under the Bankruptcy Code, as now or hereafter constituted, or any other applicable federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law, or appointing a receiver, liquidator, assignee, custodian, trustee, sequestrator (or similar official) of Maker or for any substantial part of its property, or ordering the winding-up or liquidation of its affairs, and the continuance of any such decree or order unstayed and in effect for a period of 60 consecutive days.

(d)Adjustment of Interest Rate. The interest rate will automatically be adjusted to twenty-four percent (24%) per annum on all unpaid principal amount.

(e)Conversion Discount. At the option of the Payee the amount owe can be converted to Common Shares of Maker at a thirty percent (30%) discount to the then price.

7.            Remedies.

(a)       Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default specified in Section 6(a), Payee may, by written notice to Maker, declare this Note to be due and payable, whereupon the principal balance of, and all other sums payable with regard to, this Note shall become immediately due and payable without presentment, demand, protest or other notice of any kind, all of which are hereby expressly waived, anything contained herein or in the documents evidencing the same to the contrary notwithstanding.

(b)       Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default specified in Sections 6(b) and 6(c), the principal balance of, and all other sums payable with regard to, this Note shall automatically and immediately become due and payable, in all cases without any action on the part of Payee.

8.Waivers. Maker and all endorsers and guarantors of, and sureties for, this Note waive presentment for payment, demand, notice of dishonor, protest, and notice of protest with regard to the Note, all errors, defects and imperfections in any proceedings instituted by Payee under the terms of this Note, and all benefits that might accrue to Maker by virtue of any present or future laws exempting any property, real or personal, or any part of the proceeds arising from any sale of any such property, from attachment, levy or sale under execution, or providing for any stay of execution, exemption from civil process, or extension of time for payment; and Maker agrees that any real estate that may be levied upon pursuant to a judgment obtained by virtue hereof, on any writ of execution issued hereon, may be sold upon any such writ in whole or in part in any order desired by Payee.

2

9.Unconditional Liability. Maker hereby waives all notices in connection with the delivery, acceptance, performance, default, or enforcement of the payment of this Note, and agrees that its liability shall be unconditional, without regard to the liability of any other party, and shall not be affected in any manner by any indulgence, extension of time, renewal, waiver or modification granted or consented to by Payee, and consents to any and all extensions of time, renewals, waivers, or modifications that may be granted by Payee with respect to the payment or other provisions of this Note, and agree that additional makers, endorsers, guarantors, or sureties may become parties hereto without notice to them or affecting their liability hereunder.

10.Notices. Any notice called for hereunder shall be deemed properly given if (i) sent by certified mail, return receipt requested, (ii) personally delivered, (iii) dispatched by any form of private or governmental express mail or delivery service providing receipted delivery, (iv) sent by telefacsimile or (v) sent by e-mail, to the following addresses or to such other address as either party may designate by notice in accordance with this Section:

If to Maker:

Prime Acquisition Corp.

No. 322, Zhongshan East Road

Shijiazhuang

Hebei Province, 050011

People’s Republic of China

Attention: Chief Executive Officer

If to Payee:

Diana Liu

c/o 15F, 300 ChangChun Road,

Taipei, Taiwan

104-87

Notice shall be deemed given on the earlier of (i) actual receipt by the receiving party, (ii) the date shown on a telefacsimile transmission confirmation, (iii) the date on which an e-mail transmission was received by the receiving party’s on-line access provider (iv) the date reflected on a signed delivery receipt, or (vi) two (2) Business Days following tender of delivery or dispatch by express mail or delivery service.

11.Restriction on Transferability. Payee shall not offer, sale, transfer or otherwise dispose of this Note without the written consent of Maker, and any such offer, sale, transfer or disposition made without the written consent of Maker shall be void and of no effect, and Maker shall not unreasonably withheld such consent.

12.Construction. This Note shall be construed and enforced in accordance with the domestic, internal law, but not the law of conflict of laws, of the State of New York.

13.JURISDICTION; SERVICE; WAIVERS.   ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING IN CONNECTION WITH THIS NOTE MAY BE BROUGHT IN A COURT OF RECORD OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK IN THE COUNTY OF NEW YORK. THE PARTIES TO THIS AGREEMENT HEREBY CONSENT TO THE EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION OF SUCH COURTS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, AND SERVICE OF PROCESS MAY BE MADE UPON THE PARTIES TO THIS NOTE BY MAILING A COPY OF THE SUMMONS AND ANY COMPLAINT TO SUCH PERSON, BY REGISTERED OR CERTIFIED MAIL, RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED, AT ITS ADDRESS TO BE USED FOR THE GIVING OF NOTICES UNDER THIS NOTE. BY ACCEPTANCE HEREOF, THE PARTIES HERETO EACH HEREBY IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY WAIVES ANY OBJECTION, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY OBJECTION TO THE LAYING OF VENUE OR BASED ON THE GROUNDS OF FORUM NON CONVENIENS, WHICH IT MAY NOW OR HEREAFTER HAVE TO THE BRINGING OR MAINTAINING OF ANY SUCH ACTION OR PROCEEDING IN SUCH JURISDICTION.

14.Severability. Any provision contained in this Note which is prohibited or unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall, as to such jurisdiction, be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or unenforceability without invalidating the remaining provisions hereof, and any such prohibition or unenforceability in any jurisdiction shall not invalidate or render unenforceable such provision in any other jurisdiction.

3

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Maker, intending to be legally bound hereby, has caused this Note to be issued as of the day and year first above written.

PRIME ACQUISITION CORP.

By: /s/ George Kaufman

       Name:   George Kaufman

       Title:     Director

Acknowledged and Agreed To:

/s/ Diana Chia-Huei Liu

Diana Chia-Huei Liu

4

EX-4.199

Exhibit 4.199

THIS SECURED PROMISSORY NOTE HAS NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE “ACT”) OF THE SECURITIES LAWS OF ANY STATE. NO SALE OR DISPOSITION MAY BE EFFECTED EXCEPT IN COMPLIANCE WITH RULE 144 UNDER THE ACT OR AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT RELATED THERETO OR AN APPLICABLE EXEMPTION THEREFROM.

10% CONVERTIBLE PROMISSORY NOTE

$222,362.33 As of February 1, 2018       

FOR VALUE RECEIVED, Prime Acquisition Corp. a Cayman Islands company (“Maker”) promises to pay to the order of Diana Chia-Huei Liu (“Payee”), or her permitted assigns, the principal sum of Two Hundred Twenty Two Thousand Three Hundred Sixty Two Dollars and Thirty Three Cents ($222,362.22) with interest on the outstanding principal amount at the rate of ten percent (10.0%) per annum (the “Interest Rate”), in lawful money of the United States of America, on the terms and conditions described below.

The principal sum comprises of the following two components:

I.      Expired Promissory Notes:

a.	Twenty Five Thousand Dollars and No Cents ($25,000.00) dated January 3, 2017;
b.	Fifteen Thousand Dollars and No Cents ($15,000) dated January 20, 2017;
c.	Twenty Five Thousand Dollars and No Cents ($25,000) dated Feb. 1, 2017;
d.	One Hundred and Twenty One Thousand Dollars and No Cents ($121,000) dated Feb 1, 2017;

And their interests accumulated according to the notes’ terms and conditions, to February 1, 2018,

II      New loan

a. Seventeen Thousand Five Hundred Dollars ($17,500.00) made on January 29, 2018

1.Maturity Date. Unless converted pursuant to Section 5 hereof, the principal amount of this Note and all accrued and unpaid interest thereon shall be due and payable in full on the date (the “Maturity Date”) that is the earliest to occur of: (i) the date on which Maker liquidates and winds-up its affairs, or (ii) January 30, 2019.

2.Interest. This Note shall bear interest on the unpaid principal balance of this Note at the Interest Rate, and shall be computed on the basis of a 365-day year for the actual number of days elapsed. Interest shall accrue, and be compounded annually, until all amounts owed under this Note shall be fully repaid, or until converted pursuant to Section 5 hereof.

3.Optional Pre-Payment. This Note may be pre-paid in whole or in part at any time prior to the Maturity Date without penalty.

4.            Application of Payments. All payments shall be applied first to payment in full of any costs incurred in the collection of any sum due under this Note, including (without limitation) reasonable attorneys’ fees and then to the reduction of the principal balance of this Note.

1

5.            Conversion Feature. Payee has the option to convert the principal sum and any unpaid interest, either in their entirely or partially, to common shares of Maker according to the following formula:

(i)The lower of $0.75 per shares; or

(ii)The price per share of the next round of financing.

6.            Events of Default. The following shall constitute Events of Default:

(a)Failure to Make Required Payments. The Company fails to make a payment, when due, of any principal or interest due on this Note, and such default continues for a period of five (5) days.

(b)Voluntary Bankruptcy, Etc. The commencement by Maker of a voluntary case under the federal bankruptcy code (the “Bankruptcy Code”), as now constituted or hereafter amended, or any other applicable federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, rehabilitation or other similar law, or the consent by it to the appointment of or taking possession by a receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, custodian, sequestrator (or other similar official) of Maker or for any substantial part of its property, or the making by it of any assignment for the benefit of creditors, or the failure of Maker generally to pay its debts as such debts become due, or the taking of corporate action by Maker in furtherance of any of the foregoing.

(c)Involuntary Bankruptcy, Etc. The entry of a decree or order for relief by a court having jurisdiction in the premises in respect of maker in an involuntary case under the Bankruptcy Code, as now or hereafter constituted, or any other applicable federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law, or appointing a receiver, liquidator, assignee, custodian, trustee, sequestrator (or similar official) of Maker or for any substantial part of its property, or ordering the winding-up or liquidation of its affairs, and the continuance of any such decree or order unstayed and in effect for a period of 60 consecutive days.

(d)Adjustment of Interest Rate. The interest rate will automatically be adjusted to twenty-four percent (24%) per annum on all unpaid principal amount.

(e)Conversion Discount. At the option of the Payee the amount owe can be converted to Common Shares of Maker at a thirty percent (30%) discount to the then price.

7.            Remedies.

(a)       Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default specified in Section 6(a), Payee may, by written notice to Maker, declare this Note to be due and payable, whereupon the principal balance of, and all other sums payable with regard to, this Note shall become immediately due and payable without presentment, demand, protest or other notice of any kind, all of which are hereby expressly waived, anything contained herein or in the documents evidencing the same to the contrary notwithstanding.

(b)       Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default specified in Sections 6(b) and 6(c), the principal balance of, and all other sums payable with regard to, this Note shall automatically and immediately become due and payable, in all cases without any action on the part of Payee.

8.Waivers. Maker and all endorsers and guarantors of, and sureties for, this Note waive presentment for payment, demand, notice of dishonor, protest, and notice of protest with regard to the Note, all errors, defects and imperfections in any proceedings instituted by Payee under the terms of this Note, and all benefits that might accrue to Maker by virtue of any present or future laws exempting any property, real or personal, or any part of the proceeds arising from any sale of any such property, from attachment, levy or sale under execution, or providing for any stay of execution, exemption from civil process, or extension of time for payment; and Maker agrees that any real estate that may be levied upon pursuant to a judgment obtained by virtue hereof, on any writ of execution issued hereon, may be sold upon any such writ in whole or in part in any order desired by Payee.

2

9.Unconditional Liability. Maker hereby waives all notices in connection with the delivery, acceptance, performance, default, or enforcement of the payment of this Note, and agrees that its liability shall be unconditional, without regard to the liability of any other party, and shall not be affected in any manner by any indulgence, extension of time, renewal, waiver or modification granted or consented to by Payee, and consents to any and all extensions of time, renewals, waivers, or modifications that may be granted by Payee with respect to the payment or other provisions of this Note, and agree that additional makers, endorsers, guarantors, or sureties may become parties hereto without notice to them or affecting their liability hereunder.

10.Notices. Any notice called for hereunder shall be deemed properly given if (i) sent by certified mail, return receipt requested, (ii) personally delivered, (iii) dispatched by any form of private or governmental express mail or delivery service providing receipted delivery, (iv) sent by telefacsimile or (v) sent by e-mail, to the following addresses or to such other address as either party may designate by notice in accordance with this Section:

If to Maker:

Prime Acquisition Corp.

No. 322, Zhongshan East Road

Shijiazhuang

Hebei Province, 050011

People’s Republic of China

Attention: Chief Executive Officer

If to Payee:

Diana Liu

c/o 15F, 300 ChangChun Road,

Taipei, Taiwan

104-87

Notice shall be deemed given on the earlier of (i) actual receipt by the receiving party, (ii) the date shown on a telefacsimile transmission confirmation, (iii) the date on which an e-mail transmission was received by the receiving party’s on-line access provider (iv) the date reflected on a signed delivery receipt, or (vi) two (2) Business Days following tender of delivery or dispatch by express mail or delivery service.

11.Restriction on Transferability. Payee shall not offer, sale, transfer or otherwise dispose of this Note without the written consent of Maker, and any such offer, sale, transfer or disposition made without the written consent of Maker shall be void and of no effect, and Maker shall not unreasonably withheld such consent.

12.Construction. This Note shall be construed and enforced in accordance with the domestic, internal law, but not the law of conflict of laws, of the State of New York.

13.JURISDICTION; SERVICE; WAIVERS.   ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING IN CONNECTION WITH THIS NOTE MAY BE BROUGHT IN A COURT OF RECORD OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK IN THE COUNTY OF NEW YORK. THE PARTIES TO THIS AGREEMENT HEREBY CONSENT TO THE EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION OF SUCH COURTS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, AND SERVICE OF PROCESS MAY BE MADE UPON THE PARTIES TO THIS NOTE BY MAILING A COPY OF THE SUMMONS AND ANY COMPLAINT TO SUCH PERSON, BY REGISTERED OR CERTIFIED MAIL, RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED, AT ITS ADDRESS TO BE USED FOR THE GIVING OF NOTICES UNDER THIS NOTE. BY ACCEPTANCE HEREOF, THE PARTIES HERETO EACH HEREBY IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY WAIVES ANY OBJECTION, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY OBJECTION TO THE LAYING OF VENUE OR BASED ON THE GROUNDS OF FORUM NON CONVENIENS, WHICH IT MAY NOW OR HEREAFTER HAVE TO THE BRINGING OR MAINTAINING OF ANY SUCH ACTION OR PROCEEDING IN SUCH JURISDICTION.

14.Severability. Any provision contained in this Note which is prohibited or unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall, as to such jurisdiction, be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or unenforceability without invalidating the remaining provisions hereof, and any such prohibition or unenforceability in any jurisdiction shall not invalidate or render unenforceable such provision in any other jurisdiction.

3

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Maker, intending to be legally bound hereby, has caused this Note to be issued as of the day and year first above written.

PRIME ACQUISITION CORP.

By: /s/ George Kaufman

       Name:   George Kaufman

       Title:     Director

Acknowledged and Agreed To:

/s/ Diana Chia-Huei Liu

Diana Chia-Huei Liu

4

EX-4.200

Exhibit 4.200

THIS SECURED PROMISSORY NOTE HAS NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE “ACT”) OF THE SECURITIES LAWS OF ANY STATE. NO SALE OR DISPOSITION MAY BE EFFECTED EXCEPT IN COMPLIANCE WITH RULE 144 UNDER THE ACT OR AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT RELATED THERETO OR AN APPLICABLE EXEMPTION THEREFROM.

10% CONVERTIBLE PROMISSORY NOTE

$770,371.92 As of March 1, 2018       

FOR VALUE RECEIVED, Prime Acquisition Corp. a Cayman Islands company (“Maker”) promises to pay to the order of Diana Chia-Huei Liu (“Payee”), or her permitted assigns, the principal sum of Seven Hundred Seventy Thousand Three Hundred and Seventy-One Dollars and Ninety Two Cents ($770,371.92) with interest on the outstanding principal amount at the rate of ten percent (10.0%) per annum (the “Interest Rate”), in lawful money of the United States of America, on the terms and conditions described below.

The principal sum comprises of the following two components:

I.             Expired Promissory Notes:

a.	Fifteen Thousand Dollars and No Cents ($15,000.00) dated February 13, 2017
b.	One Hundred and Ten Thousand Dollars and No Cents ($110,000.00) dated February 15, 2017;
c.	Four Hundred Thousand Dollars and No Cents ($400,000.00) dated February 15, 2017;
d.	Twenty Five Thousand Dollars and No Cents ($25,000) dated March 1, 2017;
e.	One Hundred and Twenty One Thousand Dollars and No Cents ($121,000) dated March 1, 2017;
f.	Twenty Seven Thousand and Five Hundred Dollars and No Cents ($27,500.00) dated March 1, 2017;

And their interests accumulated according to the notes’ terms and conditions, to March 1, 2018,

1.Maturity Date. Unless converted pursuant to Section 5 hereof, the principal amount of this Note and all accrued and unpaid interest thereon shall be due and payable in full on the date (the “Maturity Date”) that is the earliest to occur of: (i) the date on which Maker liquidates and winds-up its affairs, or (ii) February 28, 2019.

2.Interest. This Note shall bear interest on the unpaid principal balance of this Note at the Interest Rate, and shall be computed on the basis of a 365-day year for the actual number of days elapsed. Interest shall accrue, and be compounded annually, until all amounts owed under this Note shall be fully repaid, or until converted pursuant to Section 5 hereof.

3.Optional Pre-Payment. This Note may be pre-paid in whole or in part at any time prior to the Maturity Date without penalty.

4.            Application of Payments. All payments shall be applied first to payment in full of any costs incurred in the collection of any sum due under this Note, including (without limitation) reasonable attorneys’ fees and then to the reduction of the principal balance of this Note.

1

5.            Conversion Feature. Payee has the option to convert the principal sum and any unpaid interest, either in their entirely or partially, to common shares of Maker according to the following formula:

(i)The lower of $0.75 per shares; or

(ii)The price per share of the next round of financing.

6.            Events of Default. The following shall constitute Events of Default:

(a)Failure to Make Required Payments. The Company fails to make a payment, when due, of any principal or interest due on this Note, and such default continues for a period of five (5) days.

(b)Voluntary Bankruptcy, Etc. The commencement by Maker of a voluntary case under the federal bankruptcy code (the “Bankruptcy Code”), as now constituted or hereafter amended, or any other applicable federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, rehabilitation or other similar law, or the consent by it to the appointment of or taking possession by a receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, custodian, sequestrator (or other similar official) of Maker or for any substantial part of its property, or the making by it of any assignment for the benefit of creditors, or the failure of Maker generally to pay its debts as such debts become due, or the taking of corporate action by Maker in furtherance of any of the foregoing.

(c)Involuntary Bankruptcy, Etc. The entry of a decree or order for relief by a court having jurisdiction in the premises in respect of maker in an involuntary case under the Bankruptcy Code, as now or hereafter constituted, or any other applicable federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law, or appointing a receiver, liquidator, assignee, custodian, trustee, sequestrator (or similar official) of Maker or for any substantial part of its property, or ordering the winding-up or liquidation of its affairs, and the continuance of any such decree or order unstayed and in effect for a period of 60 consecutive days.

(d)Adjustment of Interest Rate. The interest rate will automatically be adjusted to twenty-four percent (24%) per annum on all unpaid principal amount.

(e)Conversion Discount. At the option of the Payee the amount owe can be converted to Common Shares of Maker at a thirty percent (30%) discount to the then price.

7.            Remedies.

(a)       Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default specified in Section 6(a), Payee may, by written notice to Maker, declare this Note to be due and payable, whereupon the principal balance of, and all other sums payable with regard to, this Note shall become immediately due and payable without presentment, demand, protest or other notice of any kind, all of which are hereby expressly waived, anything contained herein or in the documents evidencing the same to the contrary notwithstanding.

(b)       Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default specified in Sections 6(b) and 6(c), the principal balance of, and all other sums payable with regard to, this Note shall automatically and immediately become due and payable, in all cases without any action on the part of Payee.

8.Waivers. Maker and all endorsers and guarantors of, and sureties for, this Note waive presentment for payment, demand, notice of dishonor, protest, and notice of protest with regard to the Note, all errors, defects and imperfections in any proceedings instituted by Payee under the terms of this Note, and all benefits that might accrue to Maker by virtue of any present or future laws exempting any property, real or personal, or any part of the proceeds arising from any sale of any such property, from attachment, levy or sale under execution, or providing for any stay of execution, exemption from civil process, or extension of time for payment; and Maker agrees that any real estate that may be levied upon pursuant to a judgment obtained by virtue hereof, on any writ of execution issued hereon, may be sold upon any such writ in whole or in part in any order desired by Payee.

2

9.Unconditional Liability. Maker hereby waives all notices in connection with the delivery, acceptance, performance, default, or enforcement of the payment of this Note, and agrees that its liability shall be unconditional, without regard to the liability of any other party, and shall not be affected in any manner by any indulgence, extension of time, renewal, waiver or modification granted or consented to by Payee, and consents to any and all extensions of time, renewals, waivers, or modifications that may be granted by Payee with respect to the payment or other provisions of this Note, and agree that additional makers, endorsers, guarantors, or sureties may become parties hereto without notice to them or affecting their liability hereunder.

10.Notices. Any notice called for hereunder shall be deemed properly given if (i) sent by certified mail, return receipt requested, (ii) personally delivered, (iii) dispatched by any form of private or governmental express mail or delivery service providing receipted delivery, (iv) sent by telefacsimile or (v) sent by e-mail, to the following addresses or to such other address as either party may designate by notice in accordance with this Section:

If to Maker:

Prime Acquisition Corp.

No. 322, Zhongshan East Road

Shijiazhuang

Hebei Province, 050011

People’s Republic of China

Attention: Chief Executive Officer

If to Payee:

Diana Liu

c/o 15F, 300 ChangChun Road,

Taipei, Taiwan

104-87

Notice shall be deemed given on the earlier of (i) actual receipt by the receiving party, (ii) the date shown on a telefacsimile transmission confirmation, (iii) the date on which an e-mail transmission was received by the receiving party’s on-line access provider (iv) the date reflected on a signed delivery receipt, or (vi) two (2) Business Days following tender of delivery or dispatch by express mail or delivery service.

11.Restriction on Transferability. Payee shall not offer, sale, transfer or otherwise dispose of this Note without the written consent of Maker, and any such offer, sale, transfer or disposition made without the written consent of Maker shall be void and of no effect, and Maker shall not unreasonably withheld such consent.

12.Construction. This Note shall be construed and enforced in accordance with the domestic, internal law, but not the law of conflict of laws, of the State of New York.

13.JURISDICTION; SERVICE; WAIVERS.   ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING IN CONNECTION WITH THIS NOTE MAY BE BROUGHT IN A COURT OF RECORD OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK IN THE COUNTY OF NEW YORK. THE PARTIES TO THIS AGREEMENT HEREBY CONSENT TO THE EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION OF SUCH COURTS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, AND SERVICE OF PROCESS MAY BE MADE UPON THE PARTIES TO THIS NOTE BY MAILING A COPY OF THE SUMMONS AND ANY COMPLAINT TO SUCH PERSON, BY REGISTERED OR CERTIFIED MAIL, RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED, AT ITS ADDRESS TO BE USED FOR THE GIVING OF NOTICES UNDER THIS NOTE. BY ACCEPTANCE HEREOF, THE PARTIES HERETO EACH HEREBY IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY WAIVES ANY OBJECTION, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY OBJECTION TO THE LAYING OF VENUE OR BASED ON THE GROUNDS OF FORUM NON CONVENIENS, WHICH IT MAY NOW OR HEREAFTER HAVE TO THE BRINGING OR MAINTAINING OF ANY SUCH ACTION OR PROCEEDING IN SUCH JURISDICTION.

14.Severability. Any provision contained in this Note which is prohibited or unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall, as to such jurisdiction, be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or unenforceability without invalidating the remaining provisions hereof, and any such prohibition or unenforceability in any jurisdiction shall not invalidate or render unenforceable such provision in any other jurisdiction.

3

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Maker, intending to be legally bound hereby, has caused this Note to be issued as of the day and year first above written.

PRIME ACQUISITION CORP.

By: /s/ George Kaufman

       Name:   George Kaufman

       Title:     Director

Acknowledged and Agreed To:

/s/ Diana Chia-Huei Liu

Diana Chia-Huei Liu

4

EX-4.201

Exhibit 4.201

THIS SECURED PROMISSORY NOTE HAS NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE “ACT”) OF THE SECURITIES LAWS OF ANY STATE. NO SALE OR DISPOSITION MAY BE EFFECTED EXCEPT IN COMPLIANCE WITH RULE 144 UNDER THE ACT OR AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT RELATED THERETO OR AN APPLICABLE EXEMPTION THEREFROM.

10% CONVERTIBLE PROMISSORY NOTE

$163,766.68 April 1, 2018 

FOR VALUE RECEIVED, Prime Acquisition Corp. a Cayman Islands company (“Maker”) promises to pay to the order of Diana Chia-Huei Liu (“Payee”), or her permitted assigns, the principal sum of One Hundred Sixty Three Thousand Seven Hundred and Sixty Six Dollars and Sixty Eight Cents ($163,766.68) with interest on the outstanding principal amount at the rate of ten percent (10.0%) per annum (the “Interest Rate”), in lawful money of the United States of America, on the terms and conditions described below.

The principal sum comprises of the following two components:

I.             Expired Promissory Notes:

a.	Fifteen Thousand Dollars and No Cents ($15,000.00) dated March 9, 2017;
b.	Twenty Seven Thousand Five Hundred Dollars and No Cents ($27,500.00) dated March 14, 2017;
c.	Seventy Eight Thousand Six Hundred and Fifty Dollars and No Cents ($78,650.00) dated March 31, 2017;
d.	Twenty Seven Thousand and Five Hundred Dollars and No Cents ($27,500.00) dated April 1, 2017;

And their interests accumulated according to the notes’ terms and conditions, to April 1, 2018,

1.Maturity Date. Unless converted pursuant to Section 5 hereof, the principal amount of this Note and all accrued and unpaid interest thereon shall be due and payable in full on the date (the “Maturity Date”) that is the earliest to occur of: (i) the date on which Maker liquidates and winds-up its affairs, or (ii) March 31, 2019.

2.Interest. This Note shall bear interest on the unpaid principal balance of this Note at the Interest Rate, and shall be computed on the basis of a 365-day year for the actual number of days elapsed. Interest shall accrue, and be compounded annually, until all amounts owed under this Note shall be fully repaid, or until converted pursuant to Section 5 hereof.

3.Optional Pre-Payment. This Note may be pre-paid in whole or in part at any time prior to the Maturity Date without penalty.

4.            Application of Payments. All payments shall be applied first to payment in full of any costs incurred in the collection of any sum due under this Note, including (without limitation) reasonable attorneys’ fees and then to the reduction of the principal balance of this Note.

1

5.            Conversion Feature. Payee has the option to convert the principal sum and any unpaid interest, either in their entirely or partially, to common shares of Maker according to the following formula:

(i)The lower of $1.02 per shares; or

(ii)The price per share of the next round of financing.

6.            Events of Default. The following shall constitute Events of Default:

(a)Failure to Make Required Payments. The Company fails to make a payment, when due, of any principal or interest due on this Note, and such default continues for a period of five (5) days.

(b)Voluntary Bankruptcy, Etc. The commencement by Maker of a voluntary case under the federal bankruptcy code (the “Bankruptcy Code”), as now constituted or hereafter amended, or any other applicable federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, rehabilitation or other similar law, or the consent by it to the appointment of or taking possession by a receiver, liquidator, assignee, trustee, custodian, sequestrator (or other similar official) of Maker or for any substantial part of its property, or the making by it of any assignment for the benefit of creditors, or the failure of Maker generally to pay its debts as such debts become due, or the taking of corporate action by Maker in furtherance of any of the foregoing.

(c)Involuntary Bankruptcy, Etc. The entry of a decree or order for relief by a court having jurisdiction in the premises in respect of maker in an involuntary case under the Bankruptcy Code, as now or hereafter constituted, or any other applicable federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law, or appointing a receiver, liquidator, assignee, custodian, trustee, sequestrator (or similar official) of Maker or for any substantial part of its property, or ordering the winding-up or liquidation of its affairs, and the continuance of any such decree or order unstayed and in effect for a period of 60 consecutive days.

(d)Adjustment of Interest Rate. The interest rate will automatically be adjusted to twenty-four percent (24%) per annum on all unpaid principal amount.

(e)Conversion Discount. At the option of the Payee the amount owe can be converted to Common Shares of Maker at a thirty percent (30%) discount to the then price.

7.            Remedies.

(a)       Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default specified in Section 6(a), Payee may, by written notice to Maker, declare this Note to be due and payable, whereupon the principal balance of, and all other sums payable with regard to, this Note shall become immediately due and payable without presentment, demand, protest or other notice of any kind, all of which are hereby expressly waived, anything contained herein or in the documents evidencing the same to the contrary notwithstanding.

(b)       Upon the occurrence of an Event of Default specified in Sections 6(b) and 6(c), the principal balance of, and all other sums payable with regard to, this Note shall automatically and immediately become due and payable, in all cases without any action on the part of Payee.

8.Waivers. Maker and all endorsers and guarantors of, and sureties for, this Note waive presentment for payment, demand, notice of dishonor, protest, and notice of protest with regard to the Note, all errors, defects and imperfections in any proceedings instituted by Payee under the terms of this Note, and all benefits that might accrue to Maker by virtue of any present or future laws exempting any property, real or personal, or any part of the proceeds arising from any sale of any such property, from attachment, levy or sale under execution, or providing for any stay of execution, exemption from civil process, or extension of time for payment; and Maker agrees that any real estate that may be levied upon pursuant to a judgment obtained by virtue hereof, on any writ of execution issued hereon, may be sold upon any such writ in whole or in part in any order desired by Payee.

2

9.Unconditional Liability. Maker hereby waives all notices in connection with the delivery, acceptance, performance, default, or enforcement of the payment of this Note, and agrees that its liability shall be unconditional, without regard to the liability of any other party, and shall not be affected in any manner by any indulgence, extension of time, renewal, waiver or modification granted or consented to by Payee, and consents to any and all extensions of time, renewals, waivers, or modifications that may be granted by Payee with respect to the payment or other provisions of this Note, and agree that additional makers, endorsers, guarantors, or sureties may become parties hereto without notice to them or affecting their liability hereunder.

10.Notices. Any notice called for hereunder shall be deemed properly given if (i) sent by certified mail, return receipt requested, (ii) personally delivered, (iii) dispatched by any form of private or governmental express mail or delivery service providing receipted delivery, (iv) sent by telefacsimile or (v) sent by e-mail, to the following addresses or to such other address as either party may designate by notice in accordance with this Section:

If to Maker:

Prime Acquisition Corp.

No. 322, Zhongshan East Road

Shijiazhuang

Hebei Province, 050011

People’s Republic of China

Attention: Chief Executive Officer

If to Payee:

Diana Liu

c/o 15F, 300 ChangChun Road,

Taipei, Taiwan

104-87

Notice shall be deemed given on the earlier of (i) actual receipt by the receiving party, (ii) the date shown on a telefacsimile transmission confirmation, (iii) the date on which an e-mail transmission was received by the receiving party’s on-line access provider (iv) the date reflected on a signed delivery receipt, or (vi) two (2) Business Days following tender of delivery or dispatch by express mail or delivery service.

11.Restriction on Transferability. Payee shall not offer, sale, transfer or otherwise dispose of this Note without the written consent of Maker, and any such offer, sale, transfer or disposition made without the written consent of Maker shall be void and of no effect, and Maker shall not unreasonably withheld such consent.

12.Construction. This Note shall be construed and enforced in accordance with the domestic, internal law, but not the law of conflict of laws, of the State of New York.

13.JURISDICTION; SERVICE; WAIVERS.   ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING IN CONNECTION WITH THIS NOTE MAY BE BROUGHT IN A COURT OF RECORD OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK IN THE COUNTY OF NEW YORK. THE PARTIES TO THIS AGREEMENT HEREBY CONSENT TO THE EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION OF SUCH COURTS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, AND SERVICE OF PROCESS MAY BE MADE UPON THE PARTIES TO THIS NOTE BY MAILING A COPY OF THE SUMMONS AND ANY COMPLAINT TO SUCH PERSON, BY REGISTERED OR CERTIFIED MAIL, RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED, AT ITS ADDRESS TO BE USED FOR THE GIVING OF NOTICES UNDER THIS NOTE. BY ACCEPTANCE HEREOF, THE PARTIES HERETO EACH HEREBY IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY WAIVES ANY OBJECTION, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY OBJECTION TO THE LAYING OF VENUE OR BASED ON THE GROUNDS OF FORUM NON CONVENIENS, WHICH IT MAY NOW OR HEREAFTER HAVE TO THE BRINGING OR MAINTAINING OF ANY SUCH ACTION OR PROCEEDING IN SUCH JURISDICTION.

14.Severability. Any provision contained in this Note which is prohibited or unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall, as to such jurisdiction, be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or unenforceability without invalidating the remaining provisions hereof, and any such prohibition or unenforceability in any jurisdiction shall not invalidate or render unenforceable such provision in any other jurisdiction.

3

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Maker, intending to be legally bound hereby, has caused this Note to be issued as of the day and year first above written.

PRIME ACQUISITION CORP.

By: /s/ George Kaufman

       Name:   George Kaufman

       Title:     Director

Acknowledged and Agreed To:

/s/ Diana Chia-Huei Liu

Diana Chia-Huei Liu

4

XML

Document and Entity Information	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017 shares
Document And Entity Information
Entity Registrant Name	Prime Acquisition Corp.
Entity Central Index Key	0001485922
Document Type	20-F
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2017
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity a Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Entity a Voluntary Filer	No
Entity's Reporting Status Current	No
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding	2,040,451
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2017

XML

Consolidated Statements of Income/(Loss) and Comprehensive Income/(Loss) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016		Dec. 31, 2015
Continuing operations
Rental income	$ 2,561,322	$ 2,508,586	[1]	$ 2,624,064	[1]
Other revenues	376,549	483,152	[1]	204,302	[1]
Total Revenues	2,937,871	2,991,738	[1]	2,828,366	[1]
Depreciation, bad debt and other provisions	(67,528)	(3,229)		(12,974)
Other expenses	(2,075,996)	(2,245,605)	[1]	(3,071,058)	[1]
Total operating expenses	(2,143,524)	(2,248,834)	[1]	(3,084,032)	[1]
Operating profit/(loss)	794,347	742,904	[1]	(255,666)	[1]
Finance income	9,223	19,617	[1]	34,889	[1]
Finance costs	(3,320,839)	(3,756,134)	[1]	(3,959,052)	[1]
Gain/(loss) on revaluation of derivatives related to convertible promissory notes	292,562	3,085,253	[1]	(539,716)	[1]
Loss on disposal of property & equipment	0	0	[1]	(133,782)	[1]
Loss on sale of subsidiary	0	0	[1]	(32,340)	[1]
Forgiveness of debt	273,037	0	[1]	0	[1]
Realized loss on sale of real estate investment	0	0	[1]	(240,206)	[1]
Less: previously recognized unrealized loss on real estate investment	0	0	[1]	40,478	[1]
Net fair value loss on revaluation of investment property	(806,891)	(519,276)	[1]	(884,351)	[1]
Loss before tax	(2,758,561)	(427,636)	[1]	(5,969,746)	[1]
Tax benefit/(expense), current	(158,639)	(42,367)	[1]	(21,507)	[1]
Deferred tax benefit/(expense)	(15,867)	130,306	[1]	(122,386)	[1]
Loss from continuing operations	(2,933,067)	(339,697)	[1]	(6,113,639)	[1]
Loss from discontinued operations
Loss from discontinued operations	(754,069)	(225,447)	[1]	(1,448,047)	[1]
Loss for the year	(3,687,136)	(565,144)	[1]	(7,561,686)	[1]
Other comprehensive loss, net of income tax
Foreign currency translation reserve	813,007	(139,370)	[1]	(449,358)	[1]
Total comprehensive loss	$ (2,874,129)	$ (704,514)	[1]	$ (8,011,044)	[1]
From continuing and discontinued operations
Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding - basic	1,949,061	1,954,651	[1]	2,299,462	[1]
Basic loss per share	$ (1.89)	$ (0.29)	[1]	$ (3.29)	[1]
Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding - diluted	1,949,061	1,954,651	[1]	2,299,462	[1]
Diluted loss per share	$ (1.89)	$ (0.29)	[1]	$ (3.29)	[1]
From continuing operations
Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding - basic	1,949,061	1,954,651	[1]	2,299,462	[1]
Basic loss per share	$ (1.50)	$ (0.17)	[1]	$ (2.66)	[1]
Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding - diluted	1,949,061	1,954,651	[1]	2,299,462	[1]
Diluted loss per share	$ (1.50)	$ (0.17)	[1]	$ (2.66)	[1]

[1] Restated for discontinued operations (see note 9 - Discontinued Operations).

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Consolidated Statements of Financial Position - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Non-current assets
Property and equipment, net	$ 7,614	$ 11,047	$ 13,564
Investment properties	33,829,902	35,786,053	37,407,083
Other receivables, net less current portion	0	143,137	0
Total non-currents assets	33,837,516	35,940,237	37,420,647
Current assets
Prepaid expenses	123,479	66,958	155,256
Trade and other receivables, net	407,010	756,940	842,879
Cash and cash equivalents	58,143	55,393	134,574
Total current assets	588,632	879,291	1,132,709
TOTAL ASSETS	34,426,148	36,819,528	38,553,356
Equity
Ordinary shares, $.001 par value (Authorized 50,000,000 shares; 2,043,351, 2,040,451 and 2,040,451 shares issued; 1,903,723, 1,954,651 and 1,954,651 shares outstanding at December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 respectively; with 139,628, 85,800 and 85,800 shares as treasury shares at December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015)	2,043	2,040	2,040
Share premium	19,604,277	19,240,641	18,289,096
Less: cost of 139,628, 85,800 and 85,800 treasury shares at December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015	(423,855)	(343,113)	(343,113)
Retained deficit	(25,894,120)	(22,206,984)	(21,641,840)
Foreign currency translation reserve	(643,362)	(1,456,369)	(1,316,999)
Total deficit	(7,355,017)	(4,763,785)	(5,010,816)
Non-current liabilities
Loans and borrowings, less current portion	18,146,247	21,110,316	21,720,779
Trade and other payable, net less current portion	19,597	80,355	0
Deferred tax liabilities	2,750,314	2,557,571	2,764,734
Corporate tax liabilities, less current portion	1,035,955	674,164	714,771
Tenant security deposits	847,195	731,841	820,367
Total non-current liabilities	22,799,308	25,154,247	26,020,651
Current liabilities
Notes payable to stockholders, net of unamortized discount of $731,473, $1,122,997 and $1,363,000 at December 31 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively	3,987,479	2,485,566	1,328,263
Due to related party	670,017	1,260,243	1,089,549
Loans and borrowings	4,438,354	4,206,847	5,087,208
Trade and other payables	6,389,497	5,914,549	5,372,684
Other liabilities and other deferred income	308,852	301,800	358,634
Corporate tax liabilities	1,257,245	1,425,618	1,403,005
Derivative financial liabilities	1,859,700	794,235	2,733,836
Provisions	70,713	40,208	170,342
Total current liabilities	18,981,857	16,429,066	17,543,521
Total liabilities	41,781,165	41,583,313	43,564,172
TOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES	$ 34,426,148	$ 36,819,528	$ 38,553,356

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Consolidated Statements of Financial Position (Parenthetical) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Par value	$ .001	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Number of shares authorized	50,000,000	50,000,000	50,000,000
Number of shares issued	2,043,351	2,040,451	2,040,451
Number of shares outstanding	1,903,723	1,954,651	1,954,651
Unamortized discount	$ 731,473	$ 1,122,997	$ 1,363,000
Treasury Shares [Member]
Number of shares outstanding	139,628	85,800	85,800

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Consolidated Statements of Changes in (Deficit)/Equity - USD ($)	Issued Capital [Member]	Treasury Shares [Member]	Share Premium [Member]	Retained Earnings [Member]	Foreign Currency Translation Reserve [Member]	Total
Beginning balance, value at Dec. 31, 2014	$ 2,429	$ 0	$ 16,722,007	$ (140,801,547)	$ (867,641)	$ 1,776,641
Beginning balance, (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2014	2,428,532	0
Non-employee stock based compensation			260,819			260,819
Forfeiture of founders shares, value	$ (255)		255
Forfeiture of founders shares (in shares)	(253,881)
Sale of subsidiary, value	$ (134)	$ (343,113)	(536,666)			(879,913)
Sale of subsidiary (in shares)	(220,000)	85,800
Beneficial conversion feature on convertible promissory notes			1,842,681			1,842,681
Loss for the year				(7,561,686)		(7,561,686)	[1]
Foreign currency translation reserve					(449,358)	(449,358)	[1]
Ending balance, value at Dec. 31, 2015	$ 2,040	$ (343,113)	18,289,096	(21,641,840)	(1,316,999)	$ (5,010,816)
Ending balance, (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2015	1,954,651	85,800				1,954,651
Non-employee stock based compensation			370,040			$ 370,040
Beneficial conversion feature on convertible promissory notes			581,505			581,505
Loss for the year				(565,144)		(565,144)	[1]
Foreign currency translation reserve					(139,370)	(139,370)	[1]
Ending balance, value at Dec. 31, 2016	$ 2,040	$ (343,113)	19,240,641	(22,206,984)	(1,456,369)	$ (4,763,785)
Ending balance, (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2016		85,800				1,954,651
Non-employee stock based compensation						$ 95,419
Sale of subsidiary, value		$ (80,742)				(80,742)
Sale of subsidiary (in shares)		53,828
Beneficial conversion feature on convertible promissory notes						59,298
Stock option exercise						5,610
Non-cash capital contribution by shareholder in connection with forgiveness of debt			203,312			203,312
Loss for the year						(3,687,136)
Foreign currency translation reserve						813,007
Ending balance, value at Dec. 31, 2017	$ 2,043	$ (423,855)	$ 19,604,277	$ (25,894,120)	$ (643,362)	$ (7,355,017)
Ending balance, (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2017	1,903,723	139,628				1,903,723

[1] Restated for discontinued operations (see note 9 - Discontinued Operations).

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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016		Dec. 31, 2015
Cash flows from operating activities
Loss for the year	$ (3,687,136)	$ (565,144)	[1]	$ (7,561,686)	[1]
Adjustments to loss for non-cash items
Shared-based payments	95,419	370,040		260,819
Derivatives fair value adjustment	(292,562)	(3,103,350)		506,158
Forgiveness of debt	(273,037)	0	[1]	0	[1]
Net fair value loss/(gain) on revaluation of investment property	891,649	591,244		2,321,283
Loss on disposal of property and equipment	0	0		134,448
Depreciation	3,764	3,804		3,644
Provision for bad debt	37,622	0		9,814
Release of provision relating to litigation	(2,922)	(145,309)		0
Other provisions	26,332	13,816		26,032
Loss on sale of subsidiary	0	0	[1]	32,340	[1]
Loss on sale of real estate investment	0	0		199,728
Loss on foreign currency exchange on discontinued operation	254,935	0		248,359
Revenues normalization	12,419	45,797		90,994
Deferred tax assets/(liabilities)	25,717	(135,359)		(287,665)
Finance costs	3,468,145	3,942,402		4,172,915
Total adjustments for non-cash items	695,545	1,017,941		157,183
Working capital adjustments
(Increase)/decrease in prepaid expenses	(48,025)	88,152		(6,550)
Increase/(decrease) in trade and other receivables	361,414	(85,023)		(397,465)
(Decrease)/increase in trade and other payables	324,547	(147,677)		325,182
Increase/(decrease) in tenant security deposits	51,341	(64,016)		16,421
Increase in corporate tax liabilities	777,035	442,091		391,492
Cash provided by operating activities	2,161,857	1,251,468		486,263
Corporate taxes paid	(429,063)	(398,147)		(284,241)
Finance costs paid	(1,068,007)	(694,494)		(959,851)
Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities	664,787	158,827		(757,829)
Cash flows from investing activities
Cash given on disposition	(18,281)	0		(110)
Proceeds from sale of real estate investment	0	0		217,180
Acquisition of property and equipment	0	(1,522)		(7,706)
Net cash (used in)/ provided by investing activities	(18,281)	(1,522)		209,364
Cash flows from financing activities
Advances from related party	13,086	150,894		710,219
Proceeds from stock options exercise	5,607	0		0
Proceeds from notes payable to stockholders	390,000	670,000		845,000
Proceeds from line of credit, net	0	0		85,961
Repayment on finance leases and loans	(1,126,095)	(1,026,181)		(1,136,863)
Net cash (used in)/provided by financing activities	(717,402)	(205,287)		504,317
Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents	73,646	(31,199)		13,631
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	2,750	(79,181)		(30,517)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	55,393	134,574		165,091
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	$ 58,143	$ 55,393		$ 134,574

[1] Restated for discontinued operations (see note 9 - Discontinued Operations).

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1. Corporate Information and Plan of Business Operations

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Corporate Information And Plan Of Business Operations

Corporate Information and Plan of Business Operations

Note 1 — Corporate Information and Plan of Business Operations

The consolidated financial statements of Prime Acquisition Corp. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (collectively, the “Group”) for the year ended December 31, 2017 were authorized for issue in accordance with a resolution of the directors on April 30, 2018. Prime Acquisition Corp. (the “Company”) is a Cayman Islands exempted company initially organized as a blank check company for the purpose of acquiring, through a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, plan of arrangement, recapitalization, reorganization or similar business combination, an operating business in 2010. The registered office is located at No 322, Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 05001, China.

The Group is principally engaged in the management of investment property (see note 14 — Investment Properties). On September 30, 2013, the Company consummated a business combination (the “Business Combination”), through Prime Luxembourg S.a.r.l (a Luxembourg company and wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, “LuxCo”), by acquiring 100% of Seba S.r.l. (“Seba”), Nova S.r.l. (“Nova”), Delfin S.r.l. (“Delfin”), SIM S.r.l. (“SIM”), Dieci Real Estate S.r.l. (“Dieci”), Ellegi S.r.l. (“Ellegi”), G.S.I. S.r.l. (“GSI”), Magfin S.r.l. (“Magfin”), all are Italian limited liability companies (collectively the “Subsidiaries”) for an aggregate of 1,719,317 ordinary shares. The fair value of the shares is the closing market price of the Company at the acquisition date, at $10.96 per share. The fair value of the consideration given was therefore $18,843,714. As a result of this Business Combination, eleven properties were acquired. All of the properties in the portfolio are commercial real estate assets located in Italy. The existing strategic management function and associated processes were acquired with the property and, as such, the Company’s management considers this transaction the acquisition of a business, rather than an asset acquisition. Immediately following consummation of the Business Combination, the Company had a total of 3,635,344 ordinary shares outstanding.

On December 18, 2014, the Company entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Seba Purchase Agreement”) with LuxCo, Seba, at the time LuxCo’s wholly owned subsidiary, Francesco Rotondi and Luca Failla (the former owners of Seba prior to the Business Combination). Pursuant to the Seba Purchase Agreement, on December 18, 2014, Messrs. Rotondi and Failla acquired all of the outstanding equity interests in Seba in exchange for the return of 497,308 of the Company’s shares (the “Seba Consideration Shares”, the Seba Purchase Agreement event “Unwinding”). Seba’s sole asset consists of four floors of Corso Europa 22, an office building in central Milan. As a result, immediately following the closing of this Seba Purchase Agreement, the Company had a total of 2,682,413 ordinary shares outstanding and the Company’s portfolio comprised of eleven properties (see note 14 — Investment Properties).

Additionally in connection with the Seba Purchase Agreement:

1. The Company, LuxCo, Messrs. Rotondi and Failla and Giuseppe Pantaleo entered into an agreement which terminated the Transaction Value Agreement dated September 30, 2013 among them (the “Seba-Nova TVA”). The Seba-Nova TVA required the Company to make Messrs. Rotondi, Failla and Pantaleo whole in the event that the average sales price of all of the shares that were issued to them were sold in public market transactions at less than $10 per share.

2. The Company, LuxCo, Nova, and Mr. Rotondi entered into an option agreement (the “Option Agreement”) pursuant to which Mr. Rotondi would have the right to purchase all of the equity interests in Nova owned by LuxCo in the event that (i) the mortgage payments that Mr. Rotondi has personally guaranteed are not made, or (ii) a certain power of attorney that would facilitate the transfer of Nova’s equity interests to Mr. Rotondi is not renewed. The Option Agreement will terminate on the repayment of the mortgages or the termination of Mr. Rotondi’s personal guaranties. The consideration for the exercise of the option would be the return of 50,000 shares of the Company’s ordinary shares. Nova’s sole asset consists of two floors of Corso Europa 22, an office building in central Milan. As of December 31, 2016, the mortgages were not repaid in full and Mr. Rotondi remains the personal guarantor of the mortgages. On November 10, 2017, Mr. Rotondi exercised this option on the return of 50,000 shares of our ordinary shares, together with 3,828 of our shares that Mr. Giuseppe Pantaleo owned, in exchange for 100% ownership of Nova. As a result, a total of 53,828 shares were returned to the Company.

Separately, on December 15, 2014, the Company, LuxCo, Cesare Lanati, Stefano Lanati, Davide Rigamonte Bell Real Estate S.r.l. and IGS S.r.l. entered into an agreement which terminated the Transaction Value Agreement dated September 30, 2013 among them (the “Bell TVA”). The Bell TVA, similar to the aforementioned Seba-Nova TVA, required the Company to make Messrs. Lanati, Lanati and Rigamonte and Bell Real Estate S.r.l. and IGS S.r.l. whole in the event that the average sales price of all of the shares that were issued to them were sold in public market transactions at less than $10 per share. As a result of the cancellation of Bell TVA and Seba-Nova TVA, there are no Transaction Value Agreements outstanding as of December 31, 2014.

On June 26, 2015, the Company entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “SIM Purchase Agreement”) with Prime Luxembourg S.a.r.l., the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary (“LuxCo”), GSI S.r.l, LuxCo’s wholly-owned subsidiary (“GSI”), SIM S.r.l., at the time owned by LuxCo and GSI (“SIM”), Bell Real Estate S.r.l. (“Bell”), Cesare Lanati and Stefano Lanati (Bell, Cesare Lanati and Stefano Lanati are collectively referred to as the “SIM Buyers”). On July 7, 2015, the SIM Buyers acquired all of the outstanding equity interests in SIM in exchange for the return of 220,000 of the Company’s shares (the “SIM Consideration Shares”). 134,200 shares (61%) were returned to the Company for immediate cancellation, 85,800 shares (39%) were returned to GSI and remained as the Company’s treasury shares. SIM’s sole asset consists of the property located at Via Newton 9, Milan, Italy. As a result, immediately following the closing of this SIM Purchase Agreement, the Company had a total of 2,294,332 ordinary shares outstanding and the Company’s portfolio comprised of ten properties (see note 14 — Investment Properties). In addition, in connection with the transactions contemplated by the SIM Purchase Agreement, the Company extinguished certain trade liabilities associated with its portfolio of properties and the SIM Buyers.

During 2015, the Company established a new subsidiary in Italy, Imperatrice S.r.l. (“Imperatrice”), through LuxCo. This new subsidiary was established for the potential future acquisitions of real estate investment properties in Italy. The Company owned 100% of Imperatrice. On December 31, 2017, the Company ceased the operations of Imperatrice through a voluntary liquidation process (“Imperatrice Liquidation”). As of December 31, 2017, there were no acquisitions of real estate investment properties consummated by Imperatrice.

On November 10, 2017, the Company entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Nova Purchase Agreement”) with LuxCo, Nova, at the time LuxCo’s wholly owned subsidiary, Francesco Rotondi and Giuseppe Pantaleo (a related party of Mr. Rotondi). Pursuant to the Nova Purchase Agreement, on November 10, 2017, Messrs. Rotondi and Pantaleo acquired all of the outstanding equity interests in Nova in exchange for the return of 53,828 of the Company’s shares (the “Nova Consideration Shares”, the Nova Purchase Agreement event “Nova Sale”). Nova’s sole asset consisted of two floors of Corso Europa 22, an office building in central Milan. As a result, immediately following the closing of the Nova Purchase Agreement, the Company had a total of 1,903,723 ordinary shares outstanding and 139,628 shares as treasury shares. Subsequent to the closing of the Nova Purchase Agreement, the Company’s portfolio is comprised of nine properties (see note 14 — Investment Properties).

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming the Group will continue as a going concern. The Group has incurred recurring operating losses, negative cash flows from operations, and has a working capital deficiency as of December 31, 2017. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern.

The real estate portfolio of nine properties as of December 31, 2017 in Italy did not generate sufficient positive cash flows. Management believes that when the market conditions are more favorable, some of these properties may be liquidated to generate cash. Although real estate transactions in the greater Milan area have improved during 2016, with the positive trend continuing in 2017, compared to 2015 and 2014, they have been relatively few when compared to pre-financial crisis levels, and an actual transaction may take longer than viable for the Company’s current needs.

The Group’s ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon management’s ability to generate profitable operations in the future and obtain the necessary financing to meet obligations and pay liabilities arising from business operations when they come due. If the Group does not generate profitable operations or obtain the necessary financing, the Group may not have enough operating funds to continue to operate as a going concern. There is no assurance that the Company will be able to secure such financing. A failure to generate profitable operations or obtain additional financing could prevent the Group from paying current obligations, allow the hiring of additional resources and continue its operating strategy. The Group is actively seeking additional capital through private placements of equity and debt.

The funding of the Group has been primarily by the Company entering into interest bearing unsecured convertible promissory notes with one of the directors (see note 20 — Related Party Transactions and Balances). However, if additional financing from a different source is not obtained, the Group may not be able to execute its business plan and may need to curtail certain of its operations.

The Group continues to seek additional capital and liquidity sources through investment bankers and potential investors. Management is currently in discussions with several funding sources for a combination of debt and equity financing. However, there can be no assurance the Group will be able to obtain funding from these sources.

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2. Basis of Presentation

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Basis Of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

Note 2 — Basis of Presentation

(a) Statement of compliance

The consolidated financial statements of the Group have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) and its related interpretations as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB).

(b) Basis of measurement

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis except for the following which are measured at fair value:

· Investment properties; and

· Derivative financial instruments

(c) Functional and presentation currency

The consolidated financial statements are presented in US dollars, which is the Group’s functional currency. All financial information presented in US dollars has been rounded to the nearest dollar amount, except when otherwise indicated.

(d) Use of estimates and judgments

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses and the disclosure of contingent liabilities at the reporting date. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimates are revised and in any future periods affected.

(e) Basis of consolidation

The consolidated financial statements comprise the financial statements of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries as of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.

The Subsidiaries are consolidated from September 30, 2013 (the date of Business Combination), being the date on which the Company obtained control, and continue to be consolidated until the date when such control ceases. The financial statements of the subsidiaries are prepared for the same reporting period as the parent company, using consistent accounting policies. All intra-group balances, transactions, unrealized gains and losses resulting from intra-group transactions are eliminated in consolidation.

On July 7, 2015, the Company ceased control of SIM through the closing of the SIM Purchase Agreement in exchange for the return of 220,000 of the Company’s shares. SIM’s operating results through July 7, 2015 are reported as discontinued operations on the Group’s consolidated statements of loss and comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2015.

On November 10, 2017, the Company ceased control of Nova through the closing of the Nova Purchase Agreement in exchange for the return of 53,828 of the Company’s shares. Nova’s operating results through November 10, 2017 are reported as discontinued operations on the Group’s consolidated statements of loss and comprehensive loss for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.

On December 31, 2017, the Company ceased operations of Imperatrice through a voluntary liquidation process. Imperatrice’s operating results through December 31, 2017 are reported as continuing operations in the Group’s consolidated statement of loss and comprehensive loss for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.

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3. Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Significant Accounting Policies

Significant Accounting Policies

Note 3 — Significant Accounting Policies

(a) Determination of Fair Values

A number of the Group’s accounting policies and disclosures require the determination of fair value, for both financial assets and liabilities. Fair values have been determined for measurement and/or disclosure purposes based on the following methods. Where applicable, further information about the assumptions made in determining fair values is disclosed in the notes specific to that asset or liability.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

The Group uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximizing the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:

· Level 1 – Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

· Level 2 – Inputs other than quoted market prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices)

· Level 3 – Inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs)

For assets and liabilities that are valued in the consolidated financial statements on a recurring basis, the Group determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorization (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.

(b) Revenue

Rental income is recognized in the period on an accrual basis if the amount of revenue can be measured reliably and it is probable that the Group will receive the consideration.

The Group is the lessor in operating leases. Rental income arising from operating leases on investment property and is accounted for on a straight-line basis over the lease terms and is included in the consolidated statements of loss and comprehensive loss due to its operating nature, except for contingent rental income which is recognized when it arises.

Amounts received from tenants to terminate leases or to compensate for dilapidations are recognized in the consolidated statements of loss and comprehensive loss when the right to receive them arises.

(c) Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and short-term deposits in the consolidated statements of financial position comprise cash held at banks and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less.

(d) Loans and Borrowings

All loans and borrowings are initially recognized at fair value, less directly attributable transaction costs. After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method.

In accordance with IAS 17 — Leases, the direct costs of the leases are added to the amount recognized as an asset and amortized over the duration of the leases.

(e) Trade and Other Receivables

Trade and other receivables are recognized at their original invoiced value. The fair values of trade and other receivables classified as loans and receivables are not materially different from their net carrying values. A provision is made when there is objective evidence that the Group will not be able to recover balances in full. Balances are written off when the probability of recovery is assessed as being remote.

(f) Income Taxes

The Company was incorporated as a Cayman Islands exempted company and therefore the Group is not currently subject to income tax in the Cayman Islands or United States of America.

The Subsidiaries are subject to income taxes in Italy and judgment is required in determining the provision for income taxes. During the ordinary course of business, there are transactions and calculations for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. As a result, the Subsidiaries recognize tax liabilities based on estimates of whether additional taxes and interest will be due. These tax liabilities are recognized when the Group’s management believes that certain positions are likely to be challenged and may not be fully sustained upon review by tax authorities. The Group’s management believes that its accruals for tax liabilities are adequate for all open audit years based on its assessment of many factors, including past experience and interpretations of tax law. This assessment relies on estimates and assumptions and may involve a series of complex judgments about future events. To the extent that the final tax outcome of these matters is different than the amount recorded, such differences will impact income tax expense in the period in which such determination is made.

(g) Deferred Taxation

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized where the carrying amount of an asset or liability in the consolidated statements of financial position differs from its tax base.

Recognition of deferred tax assets is restricted to those instances where it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the difference can be utilized.

The amount of the asset or liability is determined using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date and are expected to apply when the deferred tax liabilities/(assets) are settled/(recovered).

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when the Group has a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities and the deferred tax assets and liabilities relate to taxes levied by the same tax authority on either:

· The same taxable group company; or

· Different group entities which intend either to settle current tax assets and liabilities on a net basis, or to realize the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously, in each future period in which significant amounts of deferred tax assets or liabilities are expected to be settled or recovered.

(h) Property and equipment

Property and equipment are initially recognized at cost. Depreciation is provided on property and equipment so as to write off their carrying value over their expected useful economic lives. Depreciation is provided at the following rates:

Plant and machinery – 7.5% per annum straight line

Fixture and fittings – 15.0% per annum straight line

Office and office related equipment – 20% per annum straight line

(i) Share-Based Payment

Share-based payment awards granted to employees and non-employees are recognized as stock option expense, with a corresponding increase in equity, over the period that the optionees become unconditionally entitled to the awards. The amount recognized as an expense is adjusted to reflect the number of awards for which the related service and non-market performance conditions are expected to be met, such that the amount ultimately recognized as an expense is based on the number of awards that meet the related service and non-market performance conditions at the vesting date.

The Group estimates the fair value of option awards using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Determining the fair value of awards under this model represents management’s best estimates, but these estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management judgment.

(j) Earnings/(loss) per Share

Basic earnings/(loss) per share is computed by dividing net profit/(loss) by the weighted-average number of ordinary shares outstanding at the end of the year.  

Warrants and options are excluded from the computation of fully diluted loss per share if their effect is anti-dilutive.

(k) Provisions

Provisions for environmental restoration, restructuring costs and legal claims are recognized when: the Group has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events; it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation; and the amount has been reliably estimated. Restructuring provisions comprise lease termination penalties and employee termination payments. Provisions are not recognized for future operating losses.

Where there are a number of similar obligations, the likelihood that an outflow will be required in settlement is determined by considering the class of obligations as a whole. A provision is recognized even if the likelihood of an outflow with respect to any one item included in the same class of obligations may be small.

Provisions are measured at the present value of the expenditures expected to be required to settle the obligation using a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the obligation. The increase in the provision due to passage of time is recognized as interest expense.

(l) Geographical Risk

The Subsidiaries’ operations are located in Italy. Therefore, they are subject to local government regulations and to the uncertainties of the economic and political conditions of this area.

The overall performance is affected by the increase or decrease of the gross Italian national product. Europe experienced a general slowdown in its economy, especially in Italy during 2014 and 2015, with a slight improvement in the economic trend in Italy during 2016 and continued positive trend in 2017.

(m) Foreign currencies

The financial statements of the Subsidiaries were translated from Euro to U.S. Dollars pursuant to the provisions of IAS 21 “The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates,” as follows:

· Assets and liabilities were translated using the exchange rate at the balance sheet date

· Amounts in the statement of operations were translated at an appropriate weighted average rate for the period presented

· The subsidiaries equity accounts were translated using historical exchange rates

· The translation adjustments resulting from translating the foreign entity’s financial statements are reported separately in Translation Reserve as a separate component of stockholders’ equity

(n) Business Combination

Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method. The cost of an acquisition is the aggregate of the consideration transferred measured at the acquisition date fair value. Acquisition-related costs are expensed as incurred and included in other expenses.

When the Group acquires a business, it assesses the financial assets and liabilities assumed for appropriate classification and designation in accordance with the contractual terms, economic circumstances and pertinent conditions as of the acquisition date.

Goodwill is initially measured at cost, being the excess of the aggregate of the consideration transferred over the net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed.

After initial recognition, goodwill is measured at cost less any accumulated impairment losses. For the purpose of impairment testing, goodwill acquired in a business combination is, from the acquisition date, allocated to each of the Group’s cash-generating units that are expected to benefit from the combination, irrespective of whether other assets or liabilities of the acquiree are assigned to those units.

Goodwill is tested for impairment annually as at December 31 and when circumstances indicate that the carrying value may be impaired.

Impairment is determined for goodwill by assessing the recoverable amount of each cash-generating unit to which the goodwill relates. Where the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit is less than the carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognized. Impairment losses relating to goodwill cannot be reversed in future periods.

(o) Operating lease contracts – the Group as lessor

The Group has entered into commercial property leases on its investment property portfolio. The Group has determined, based on an evaluation of the terms and conditions of the arrangements, particularly the duration of the lease terms and minimum lease payments, that it retains all the significant risks and rewards of ownership of these properties and so accounts for the leases as operating leases.

(p) Leases – Group as lessee

The determination of whether an arrangement is, or contains, a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at the inception date. The arrangement is assessed for whether fulfillment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset(s) or the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset(s), even if that right is not explicitly specified in the arrangement.

Finance leases, which transfer to the Group substantially all the risks and benefits incidental to ownership of the leased item, are capitalized at the inception of the lease at the fair value of the leased property or, if lower, at the present value of the minimum lease payments.

Lease payments are apportioned between the finance charges and the reduction of the lease liability so as to achieve a constant rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. Finance charges are charged to the statements of loss and comprehensive loss as they arise.

(q) Derivative financial instruments – Initial recognition and subsequent measurement

The Group used interest rate swaps in 2016 and 2015 to hedge its risks associated with interest rates. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognized at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at fair value. Derivatives are carried as assets when the fair value is positive and as liabilities when the fair value is negative. They are carried in the consolidated statements of financial position at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in the consolidated statements of loss and comprehensive loss.

In addition, the Group issued convertible promissory notes to certain directors to provide for temporary liquidity. These convertible promissory notes are classified as convertible notes with an embedded derivative liability in accordance with IAS 32 – Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement. The embedded derivative liability is calculated first and the residual value is assigned to the debt host liability component. A host loan is accounted for at amortized cost, with an embedded derivative liability being measured at fair value with changes in value being recognized in the consolidated statements of loss and comprehensive loss.

(r) Share Capital

Ordinary shares are classified as equity.

(s) New standards and interpretations not yet adopted

Standards issued but not yet effective as of the date of issuance of the Group’s financial statements are listed below. This listing of standards and interpretations issued are those that the Group reasonably expects to have on impact on disclosures, financial position or performance when applied at a future date. The Group intends to adopt these standards when they become effective.

IFRS 9 Financial instruments: Classification and Measurement

IFRS 9, as issued in 2010, reflects the first phase of the IASB’s work on the replacement of IAS 39 and applies to classification and measurement of financial assets and financial liabilities as defined in IAS 39. The standard was initially effective for annual reports beginning on or after January 1, 2013. In November 2013, Chapter 6 of IFRS on hedge accounting was published. At the same time, Chapter 7 containing the effective date and transition provisions was amended to remove the mandatory effective date of IFRS 9. Entities may still choose to apply IFRS 9 immediately, but are not required to do so.

In subsequent phases, the IASB is addressing impairment of financial assets. The adoption of the first phase of IFRS 9 will have an effect on the classification and measurement of the Group’s financial assets, but will not have an impact on classification and measurements of financial liabilities. The Group will quantify the effect in conjunction with the other phases, when the final standard including all phases is issued.

IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers

The IASB have issued a new revenue recognition standard, IFRS 15 in May 2014, which replaces all existing IFRS revenue requirements. The standard applies to all revenue contracts and provides a model for the recognition and measurement of sales of some non-financial assets. Application is required for all annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018. There are new specific requirements in respect of variable consideration such that it is only included in the transaction price if it is highly probable that the amount of revenue recognized would not be subject to significant future reversals as a result of subsequent re-estimation. The adoption of IFRS 15 is not expected to have a significant impact on the revenue recognition as the management has determined that the Company’s revenue is from leases which are outside the scope of IFRS 15.

IFRS 16 Leases

IFRS 16 specifies how an IFRS reporter will recognize, measure, present and disclose leases. The standard provides a single lessee accounting model, requiring lessees to recognize assets and liabilities for all leases unless the lease term is 12 months or less or the underlying asset has a low value. Lessors continue to classify leases as operating or finance, with IFRS 16’s approach to lessor accounting substantially unchanged from its predecessor, IAS 17.

IFRS 16 was issued in January 2016 and applies to annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2019. The effect of this to the Group’s consolidated financial statements is undetermined at this time.

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4. Depreciation, Bad Debt and Other Provisions

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Depreciation Bad Debt And Other Provisions

Depreciation, Bad Debt and Other Provisions

Note 4 — Depreciation, Bad Debt and Other Provisions

Details of depreciation and bad debt provision are as follows:

	2017		2016*		2015*
Depreciation of property and equipment	$	3,574	$	3,229	$	3,160
Bad debt and other provisions		63,954		–		9,814
Total depreciation, bad debt and other provisions	$	67,528	$	3,229	$	12,974

There was no provision for bad debt for the year ended December 31, 2016 due to the Group’s proactive cash collection policy during 2016.

*   Restated for discontinued operations (see note 9 — Discontinued Operations)

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5. Other Expenses

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Other Expenses

Other Expenses

Note 5 — Other Expenses

Details of other expenses is shown in the table below:

	2017		2016*		2015*
Rental costs	$	24,012	$	–	$	6,697
Staff costs		249,624		252,850		201,423
Sundry operating expenses		623,165		202,932		283,601
Taxation on buildings		175,699		172,120		172,489
Administrative and other expenses		157,315		153,930		834,640
Maintenance expenses		260,287		260,156		244,221
Insurance costs		24,838		120,949		122,492
Legal expenses		84,886		128,166		356,775
Professional fees		329,952		488,327		489,209
Bank fees		15,919		26,407		22,023
Licenses, registration & fees		6,346		7,411		5,821
Non-employee stock based compensation		95,419		370,040		260,819
Travel expense		28,534		62,317		70,848
Total other expenses	$	2,075,996	$	2,245,605	$	3,071,058

*   Restated for discontinued operations (see note 9 — Discontinued Operations)

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6. Finance Income and Costs

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Analysis of income and expense [abstract]

Finance Income and Costs

Note 6 — Finance Income and Costs

The details of finance income and costs on the statements of loss and comprehensive loss are as follows:

Finance income	2017		2016*		2015*
Finance income from variation of fair value on interest rate swap agreements	$	–	$	18,096	$	33,558
Other finance income		9,223		1,521		1,331
Total finance income	$	9,223	$	19,617	$	34,889

Finance costs	2017		2016*		2015*
Finance cost on note payable to underwriters and other debt	$	2,429,551	$	2,638,729	$	2,913,809
Interest expense of bank loans, revolving line of credit and finance leases		891,288		1,117,405		1,045,243
Total finance costs	$	3,320,839	$	3,756,134	$	3,959,052

*   Restated for discontinued operations (see note 9 — Discontinued Operations)

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7. Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

Note 7 — Income Taxes

Income taxes relating to continuing operations for the years ended December 31 are as follows:

	2017			2016*			2015*
Current tax
In respect of the current year	$	166,252		$	34,261		$	183,005
In respect of the prior year		(14,227	)		6,663			(12,664	)
Others fiscal unit **		6,614			1,443			(148,834	)
		158,639			42,367			21,507
Deferred tax (see note 8 — Deferred Taxes)
In respect of the current year		15,867			(130,306	)		122,386
		15,867			(130,306	)		122,386
Total income tax expense/(benefit) recognized in the current year relating to continuing operations	$	174,506		$	(87,939	)	$	143,893

The income tax expense for the years ended December 31 can be reconciled to the accounting profit as follows:

	2017			2016*			2015*
Profit/(loss) before tax from continuing operations	$	(2,758,561	)	$	(427,636	)	$	(5,969,746	)
Income tax expense/(benefit) calculated at 27.9%, 31.4% and 31.4% for the year ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 respectively	$	(769,639	)	$	(134,278	)	$	(1,874,501	)
Effect of (income)/expenses that are exempt from taxation		–			9,795			965,868
Effect of expenses that are not deductible in determining taxable profit		235,350			180,042			460,519
Effect of unused tax losses and tax offsets not recognized as deferred tax assets		746,964			136,125			836,295
Effect of previously unrecognized and unused tax losses and deductible temporary differences now recognized as deferred tax assets		(28,760	)		(34,200	)		(34,904	)
Effect of new tax rule in fiscal unit **		6,614			(48,284	)		(148,834	)
Effect of prior year taxes		(14,227	)		6,663			(12,664	)
Effect of future change of fiscal aliquota*** on deferred taxes (previous years)		–			(261,115	)		–
Effect of future change of fiscal aliquota on deferred taxes (generated in 2016)		–			18,258			–
Others		(1,796)			39,054			(47,886	)
Income tax expense/(benefit) recognized in profit or loss relating to continuing operations (current & deferred)	$	174,506		$	(87,939	)	$	143,893

*   Restated for discontinued operations (see note 9 — Discontinued Operations)

The tax rate used for the 2017, 2016 and 2015 reconciliations above is the tax rate of 27.9%, 27.9% and 31.4% on taxable profits in Italy, respectively. This tax rate consists of both IRES (an Italian corporate income tax) and IRAP (an Italian regional production tax).

** During 2016, the Italian fiscal authority issued a new tax rule beginning in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015 and continuing through 2017 allowing utilization of fiscal unit structure in tax reporting to offset and utilize operating losses amongst subsidiaries with common ownership, resulting in tax benefits to the Group.

***Aliquota is the combined total tax rate of IRES and IRAP (see note 8 — Deferred Taxes).

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8. Deferred Taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Deferred Taxes

Deferred Taxes

Note 8 — Deferred Taxes

The amount of unused tax losses for which no deferred tax assets are recognized in the consolidated statements of financial position as of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 was $41,632, $542,357 and $935,866, respectively, with no expiration date limitation.

Deferred tax is calculated in full on temporary differences using a tax rate of 24%, 24% and 27.5% for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively, if the temporary difference is subject only to IRES (an Italian corporate income tax) rules, or 27.9%, 27.9% and 31.4% for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively, if the temporary difference is subject both to IRES and IRAP (an Italian regional production tax) rules.

The new Italian legislation amended the IRES rates from 27.5% to 24% in 2017 to be used for the income tax calculation of accounting periods ending in the year 2017 and 2016.

The movement on the deferred tax account is as shown below:

	2017			2016			2015
At January 1	$	(2,557,571	)	$	(2,764,734	)	$	(3,738,082	)
Recognized directly in equity
Sale of SIM (see note 9 — Discontinued Operations)		–			–			315,325
Sale of Nova (see note 9 — Discontinued Operations)		206,679			–			–
Currency exchange difference		(383,555	)		71,026			370,358
Recognized in profit and loss
Deferred tax benefit/(expense)		(15,867)			136,137			287,665
At December 31,	$	(2,750,314	)	$	(2,557,571	)	$	(2,764,734	)

Details of the deferred tax liability and amounts recognized in net income/(loss) are as follows:

	2017		2017			2017			2017
	Asset		Liability			(Charged) / Net			Movement
Adjustment for IFRS purposes (deductible/taxable for local tax rules in future fiscal years)
Writing off of intangibles	$	507,880	$	–		$	507,880		$	59,767
Writing off of tangibles		–		(48,009	)		(48,009	)		11,164
Accounting of lease contracts according to IAS 17		–		(1,997,805	)		(1,997,805	)		191,956
Accounting of investment properties according to fair value		–		(948,648	)		(948,648	)		(225,124	)
Loss on investments (internal restructuring)		–		(263,732	)		(263,732	)		–
Other temporary differences
Bad debt provision		–		–			–			2,780
Others		–		–			–			(24,676	)
Total	$	507,880	$	(3,258,194	)	$	(2,750,314	)	$	15,867

	2016		2016			2016			2016*
	Asset		Liabilities			(Charged) / Net			Movement
Adjustment for IFRS purposes (deductible/taxable for local tax rules in future fiscal years)
Writing off of intangibles	$	501,880	$	–		$	501,880		$	97,213
Writing off of tangibles		–		(149,164	)		(149,164	)		8,424
Accounting of lease contracts according to IAS 17		–		(1,574,288	)		(1,574,289	)		14,091
Accounting of investment properties according to fair value		–		(1,107,110	)		(1,107,110	)		(272,437	)
Mark to market on derivative instruments		–		–			–			53,034
Loss on investments (internal restructuring)		–		(231,484	)		(231,484	)		(30,470	)
Other temporary differences
Bad debt provision		2,596		–			2,596			397
Provision for risk		–		–			–			217
Others		–		–			–			(775	)
Total	$	504,476	$	(3,062,046	)	$	(2,557,571	)	$	(130,306	)

	2015		2015			2015			2015*
	Asset		Liabilities			(Charged) / Net			Movement
Adjustment for IFRS purposes (deductible/taxable for local tax rules in future fiscal years)
Writing off of intangibles	$	611,712	$	–		$	611,712		$	48,844
Writing off of tangibles		–		(120,387	)		(120,387	)		12,234
Accounting of lease contracts according to IAS 17		–		(1,606,270	)		(1,606,270	)		253,125
Accounting of investment properties according to fair value		–		(1,436,973	)		(1,436,973	)		(481,360	)
Mark to market on derivative instruments		52,013		–			52,013			10,537
Loss on investments (internal restructuring)		–		(268,103	)		(268,103	)		273,955
Other temporary differences
Bad debt provision		3,061		–			3,061			5,538
Others		213		–			213			(487	)
Total	$	666,999	$	(3,431,733	)	$	(2,764,734	)	$	(122,386	)

*Restated for discontinued operations (see note 9 — Discontinued Operations)

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9. Discontinued Operations

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Discontinued Operations

Discontinued Operations

Note 9 — Discontinued Operations

SIM Sale

On July 7, 2015, the Company ceased control of SIM through the closing of the SIM Purchase Agreement in exchange for the return of 220,000 of the Company’s shares. Total consideration received for the sale was $879,914. The net carrying value of SIM on July 7, 2015 was $912,254. As a result, the Group recognized a loss of $32,340 on the sale of SIM. SIM’s operating results from January 1, 2015 to July 7, 2015 is reported as discontinued operations on the Group’s consolidated statements of loss and comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2015.

The results of SIM for the year ended December 31, 2015 are presented below:

Rental income	$	65,110
Other revenues		9,021
Expenses		(96,857	)
Operating (loss)/income		(22,726	)
Finance costs		(18,564	)
Loss before tax from discontinued operations		(41,290	)
Deferred tax expense		(15,488	)
Net loss from discontinued operations		(56,778	)
Loss on foreign currency exchange on discontinued operation		(248,359	)
Loss from discontinued operations	$	(305,137	)

Loss per share:
Basic loss per share from discontinued operations	$	(0.13	)
Diluted loss per share from discontinued operations	$	(0.13	)

Net cash flows for SIM are as follows:

Operating	$	377,117
Investing		(1,339	)
Financing		(389,425	)
Net cash outflow	$	(13,647	)

The following is a condensed statements of financial position for SIM as of July 7, 2015 (date of disposition):

Investment properties	$	2,672,288
Other current assets		(255,710	)
Total assets	$	2,416,578
Stockholder's equity	$	912,255
Loans & borrowings		1,382,295
Other Liabilities		122,028
Total equity and liabilities	$	2,416,578

Nova Sale

On November 10, 2017, the Company ceased control of Nova through the closing of the Nova Purchase Agreement in exchange for the return of 53,828 of the Company’s shares. Total consideration received for the sale was $80,742. The net carrying value of Nova on November 10, 2017 was $166,246. In addition, certain inter-company payables from Nova were forgiven prior to the transaction in the amount of $49,696. As a result, the Group recognized a loss of $135,200 on the sale of Nova. Nova’s operating results from January 1, 2017 to November 10, 2017 and for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 are reported as discontinued operations on the Group’s consolidated statements of loss and comprehensive loss for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.

The results of Nova for the year ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 are presented below:

(in US $)	2017			2016			2015
Rental income	$	167,940		$	128,261		$	205,355
Other revenues		24,842			2,766			2,479
Expenses		(318,211	)		(149,000	)		(173,275	)
Net fair value loss on revaluation of investment property		(84,150	)		(71,968	)		(1,436,932	)
Operating (loss)/income		(209,579	)		(89,941	)		(1,402,373	)
Finance costs		(146,249	)		(213,108	)		(213,864	)
Loss before tax from discontinued operations		(355,828	)		(303,049	)		(1,616,237	)
Tax expenses, current		144			71,772			63,276
Deferred tax (expense)/credit		(8,250	)		5,830			410,051
Net loss from discontinued operations		(363,934	)		(225,447	)		(1,142,910	)
Loss on sale of subsidiary		(135,200	)		–			–
Loss on foreign currency exchange on discontinued operation		(254,935	)		–			–
Loss from discontinued operations	$	(754,069	)	$	(225,447	)	$	(1,142,910	)

Loss per share:	2017			2016			2015
Basic loss for the year from discontinued operations	$	(0.39	)	$	(0.12	)	$	(0.50	)
Diluted loss for the year from discontinued operations	$	(0.39	)	$	(0.12	)		(0.50	)

Net cash flows for Nova are as follows:

	2017			2016			2015
Operating	$	61,784		$	(92,130	)	$	(43,269	)
Investing		–			162,769			(3,400	)
Financing		(46,376	)		(69,770	)		40,416
Net cash inflow/(outflow)	$	15,408		$	869		$	(6,253	)

The following is a condensed statement of financial position for Nova as of November 10, 2017 (date of disposition):

Investment properties	$	5,806,528
Other current assets		68,884
Total assets	$	5,875,412
Stockholder's equity	$	166,246
Loans & borrowing		4,853,590
Other liabilities		855,576
Total equity and liabilities	$	5,875,412

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10. Financial Instruments - Risk Management

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Financial Instruments - Risk Management

Financial Instruments - Risk Management

Note 10 – Financial Instruments – Risk Management

The Group, through its subsidiaries, is exposed to the following financial risks through its operations:

• Risks related to the general economic trend

• Risks related to fund requirements

• Other financial risks

• Credit risks

• Liquidity risk

• Interest rate risk

• Risk relevant to the environment

The Group is exposed to risks that arise from its use of financial instruments. This note describes the Group’s objectives, policies and processes for managing those risks and the methods used to measure them. Further quantitative information in respect of these risks is presented throughout these consolidated financial statements.

There have been no substantive changes in the Group’s exposure to financial instruments risks, its objectives, policies and processes for managing those risks or the methods used to measure them during the period unless otherwise stated in this note.

i. Principal financial instruments

The principal financial instruments used by the Group, from which financial instrument risk arises, are as follows:

• Trade and other receivables

• Cash and cash equivalents

• Trade and other payables

• Revolving lines of credit

• Floating-rate bank loans and lease agreements

• Notes payable

A summary of the financial instruments held by category is provided below:

Financial assets

	December 31, 2017		December 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
Cash and cash equivalents	$	58,143	$	55,393	$	134,574
Trade and other receivables		407,010		900,077		842,879
Total financial assets	$	465,153	$	955,470	$	977,453

Financial liabilities

	December 31, 2017				December 31, 2016				December 31, 2015
	Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss		Financial liabilities at amortized cost		Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss		Financial liabilities at amortized cost		Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss		Financial liabilities at amortized cost
Trade and other payables	$	–	$	6,409,094	$	–	$	5,994,904	$	–	$	5,372,684
Loans and borrowings and notes payable		–		26,572,080		–		27,802,729		–		28,136,250
Derivatives financial liabilities		1,859,700		–		794,235		–		2,733,836		–
Total financial liabilities	$	1,859,700	$	32,981,174	$	794,235	$	33,797,633	$	2,733,836	$	33,508,934

Financial instruments measured at fair value

	Fair value measurements at December 31, 2017 using
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial liabilities
Derivative financial liabilities – convertible promissory notes	$	–	$	1,859,700	$	–

	Fair value measurements at December 31, 2016 using
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial liabilities
Derivative financial liabilities – convertible promissory notes	$	–	$	794,235	$	–

	Fair value measurements at December 31, 2015 using
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial liabilities	$		$		$
Derivative financial liabilities – convertible promissory notes		–		2,568,188		–
Derivative financial liabilities – interest rate swap agreement		–		165,648		–
Total financial liabilities	$	–	$	2,733,836	$	–

General objectives, policies and processes

The Board has overall responsibility for the determination of the Group’s risk management objectives and policies.

The overall objective of the Board is to set policies that seek to reduce risk as much as possible without unduly affecting the Group’s competitiveness and flexibility. Further details regarding these policies are set out below:

Risk related to the general economic trend

The Group performance is affected by the increase or decrease of the gross Italian national product. Europe experienced a general slowdown in its economy, especially in Italy during 2014 and 2015, with a slight improvement in the economic trend in Italy during 2016 and continued positive trend in 2017.

Related to fund requirements

Operations may not generate adequate financial resources for operations. The Group may need to raise necessary financial resources by obtaining new loans. If the Group attempts to obtain new loans in the future, management believes that the Group may encounter higher interest rate spreads and greater difficulties in obtaining long-term loans in comparison to the past.

Other financial risks

The Group is exposed to financial risks associated with its business operations:

• Credit risk in relation to normal trade transactions with customers;

• Liquidity risk, with particular reference to the raising of financial resources associated with investments and the financing of working capital;

• Market risks (mainly related to interest rates).

Credit risk

The granting of credit to end customers is subject to specific preliminary and on-going assessments of each tenant. Positions amongst trade receivables (if individually significant) for which objective partial or total non-recoverability is ascertained, are subject to individual write-down.

The Group’s cash is held with the following institutions:

Description	Rating		December 31, 2017		December 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
Cassa Rurale e Artigiana di Binasco Credito Coorperativo		N/A	$	19,225	$	28,016	$	87,046
Banca Intesa Sanpaolo		BBB		17,906		1,556		1,200
First Republic Bank		A-		7,363		4,467		22,989
Banca Cassa di Risparmio di Asti		N/A		5,755		5,296		6,527
Banca Popolare di Vicenza		CCC		5,570		8,942		10,244
ING Luxembourg		A+		2,050		2,980		2,831
Bank of China		A		–		3,246		1,406
Banca Popolare Commercio e Industria		C+		–		417		1,781
M&T Bank		A-		–		–		427
Total cash at bank			$	57,869	$	54,920	$	134,451

Accounts at the institutions in United States are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) for up to $250,000. Accounts at the institutions in Italy are guaranteed by Interbank Deposit Protection Fund for up to €100,000. The Company performs ongoing evaluations of these institutions to limit its concentration of risk exposure.

Foreign exchange risk

The Subsidiaries transactions are denominated in Euros. Therefore, the fair value of the investment properties may decrease if the Euro to US dollar exchange rate decreases, while the loans and borrowings would decrease accordingly. Management believes the foreign exchange risk the Group encounters is relatively low.

Liquidity risk

Liquidity risk may manifest with regards to the inability to raise the financial resources necessary for the anticipated investments under good economic conditions and for financing working capital.

The Group has adopted a series of policies and processes aimed at optimizing the management of the financial resources, reducing the liquidity risk, such as the maintenance of an adequate level of available liquidity, and obtaining adequate credit facilities and the systematic monitoring of the forecast liquidity conditions.

The following table sets out the contractual maturities (representing undiscounted contractual cash-flows) of financial liabilities:

At December 31, 2017	Up to 1 year		Between 1 and 5 years		Over 5 years		Total
Trade and other payables	$	6,389,497	$	19,597	$	–	$	6,409,094
Loans and borrowings		4,438,354		3,967,793		14,178,454		22,584,601
Notes payable to stockholders		3,987,479		–		–		3,987,479
Derivative financial liabilities		1,859,700		–		–		1,859,700
Total	$	16,675,030	$	3,987,390	$	14,178,454	$	34,840,874

At December 31, 2016	Up to 1 year		Between 1 and 5 years		Over 5 years		Total
Trade and other payables	$	5,914,549	$	80,355	$	–	$	5,994,904
Loans and borrowings		4,206,847		5,021,073		16,089,243		25,317,163
Notes payable to stockholders		2,516,981		–		–		2,516,981
Derivative financial liabilities		794,235		–		–		794,235
Total	$	13,432,612	$	5,101,428	$	16,089,243	$	34,623,283

At December 31, 2015	Up to 1 year		Between 1 and 5 years		Over 5 years		Total
Trade and other payables	$	5,372,684	$	–	$	–	$	5,372,684
Loans and borrowings		5,087,208		4,034,053		17,686,726		26,807,987
Notes payable to stockholders		1,328,263		–		–		1,328,263
Derivative financial liabilities		2,733,836		–		–		2,733,836
Total	$	14,521,991	$	4,034,053	$	17,686,726	$	36,242,770

Risk relevant to the environment

The activities of the Group are not directly subject to authorization and environmental rules and regulations. The activities of some tenants may be subject to regulations on emissions in the atmosphere, waste disposal, wastewater disposal and land contamination ban.

Capital Disclosures

The Group monitors adjusted capital which comprises all components of equity (i.e. capital quotas, legal reserve, non-controlling interest and retained earnings).

The Group’s objectives when maintaining capital are:

• To safeguard the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern, so that it can continue to provide returns for shareholders and benefits for other stakeholders, and

• To provide an adequate return to shareholders by pricing services commensurate with the level of risk.

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11. Operating Leases - Group as Lessor

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Operating Leases - Group As Lessor

Operating Leases - Group as Lessor

Note 11 — Operating Leases – Group as Lessor

The Group has entered into leases on its property portfolio. The commercial property leases typically have lease terms between 6 and 9 years and include clauses to enable periodic upward revision of the rental charge according to prevailing market conditions. Some leases contain options to terminate before the end of the lease term.

Future minimum rental receivable under non-cancellable operating leases as of December 31, 2017 is as follows: 

	2017
Within 1 year	$	2,035,573
After 1 year, but not more than 5 years		5,498,899
More than 5 years		94,939
Total	$	7,629,411

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12. Earnings/(loss) per share

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Earningsloss Per Share

Earnings/(Loss) Per Share

Note 12 — Earnings/(loss) per share

Basic and diluted earnings/(loss) per share is computed by dividing profit/(loss) for the year by the weighted-average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period.

Potentially dilutive securities include:

	Year ended December 31, 2017		Year ended December 31, 2016		Year ended December 31, 2015
Warrants to purchase common stock		6,733,292		6,733,292		7,241,054
Common stock in the unit purchase option for underwriters		–		–		215,000
Options in the unit purchase option for underwriters to purchase common stock		–		–		215,000
Convertible promissory notes issued to underwriters and other related parties subject to possible conversion		99,243		99,243		113,385
Convertible promissory notes issued to shareholder subject to possible conversion		2,833,344		1,744,603		1,392,602
Options to purchase common stock		473,944		374,650		107,813
Total potential dilutive securities		10,139,823		8,951,788		9,284,854

The exercise price of the Company’s warrants to purchase common stock is $5.00, expiring on March 30, 2018. During 2018, the Company extended the maturity date of these securities to March 30, 2020. The warrants may be called for redemption by the Company only if the last sale price of its ordinary shares on the stock exchange equals or exceeds $15.00 per share for any 20 trading days within a 30 trading day period. During 2016, the Company recognized the forfeiture of 507,762 shares underlying warrants pursuant to the founders’ units issued at the Company’s IPO in 2011 (see note 17 — Shareholders’ Equity).

The exercise price of the 215,000 units underlying the unit purchase option (“UPO”) issued to underwriters was $12.00 and expired on March 24, 2016. No UPO’s were exercised through the expiration date.

The warrants, UPO, options to purchase common stock, and the convertible promissory notes subject to possible conversion are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings/(loss) per share as of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, as their effect is anti-dilutive due to the net loss at the year end.

The following reflects the basic and diluted loss per share for the year ended December 31:

Basic loss per share	2017			2016*			2015*
From continuing operations	$	(1.50	)	$	(0.17	)	$	(2.66	)
From discontinued operations		(0.39	)		(0.12	)		(0.63	)
Total basic loss per share	$	(1.89	)	$	(0.29	)	$	(3.29	)

Diluted loss per share	2017			2016			2015
From continuing operations	$	(1.50	)	$	(0.17	)	$	(2.66	)
From discontinued operations		(0.39	)		(0.12	)		(0.63	)
Total diluted loss per share	$	(1.89	)	$	(0.29	)	$	(3.29	)

The loss and weighted average number of ordinary shares used in the calculation of basic earnings/(loss) per share for the year ended December 31 are as follows:

Basic loss per share	2017			2016*			2015*
Loss from continuing operations used in the calculation of basic loss per share	$	(2,933,067	)	$	(339,697	)	$	(6,113,639	)
Loss from discontinued operations used in the calculation of basic loss per share from discontinued operations		(363,934	)		(225,447	)		(1,448,047	)
Loss on sale of subsidiary		(135,200	)		–			–
Loss on foreign currency exchange on discontinued operations		(254,935	)		–			–
Loss used in the calculation of basic loss per share	$	(3,687,136	)	$	(565,144	)	$	(7,561,686	)
Weighted average number of ordinary shares for basic loss per share		1,949,061			1,954,651			2,299,462

The loss and weighted average number of ordinary shares used in the calculation of diluted loss per share for the year ended December 31 are as follows:

Diluted loss per share	2017			2016*			2015*
Loss from continuing operations used in the calculation of diluted loss per share	$	(2,933,067	)	$	(339,697	)	$	(6,113,639	)
Loss from discontinued operations used in the calculation of basic loss per share from discontinued operations		(363,934	)		(225,447	)		(1,448,047	)
Loss on sale of subsidiary		(135,200	)		–			–
Loss on foreign currency exchange on discontinued operations		(254,935	)		–			–
Loss used in the calculation of diluted loss per share	$	(3,687,136	)	$	(565,144	)	$	(7,561,686	)
Weighted average number of ordinary shares used in the calculation of basic loss per share		1,949,061			1,954,651			2,299,462
Weighted average number of ordinary shares used in the calculation of diluted loss per share		1,949,061			1,954,651			2,299,462

*Restated for discontinued operations (see note 9 — Discontinued Operations)

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13. Property and Equipment

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Property And Equipment

Property and Equipment

Note 13 — Property and Equipment

The table below shows the detailed movements which occurred in property and equipment during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, considering cost and accumulated depreciation separately.

Cost or valuation	Plant and machinery			Industrial and commercial equipment			Office and office-related equipment			Total
Balance at January 1, 2015	$	234,350		$	989		$	11,997		$	247,336
Additions		5,271			–			5,289			10,560
Disposals		(134,448	)		–			–			(134,448	)
Revaluations		(15,307	)		(91	)		(511	)		(15,909	)
Balance at December 31, 2015	$	89,866		$	898		$	16,775		$	107,539
Additions		–			–			1,480			1,480
Disposals		–			–			–			–
Revaluations		(120	)		(22	)		(211	)		(353	)
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	89,746		$	876		$	18,044		$	108,666
Additions		289			–			2,104			2,393
Disposals		(1,207	)		–			(2,104	)		(3,311	)
Revaluations		457			150			831			1,438
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	89,285		$	1,026		$	18,875		$	109,186

Accumulated depreciation	Plant and machinery		Industrial and commercial equipment		Office and office-related equipment		Total
Balance at January 1, 2015	$	85,179	$	108	$	5,105	$	90,392
Depreciation charge for the year		469		–		3,114		3,583
Balance at December 31, 2015	$	85,648	$	108	$	8,219	$	93,975
Depreciation charge for the year		495		–		3,149		3,644
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	86,143	$	108	$	11,368	$	97,619
Depreciation charge for the year		855		–		3,098		3,953
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	86,998	$	108	$	14,466	$	101,572
Property and equipment, net at December 31, 2015	$	4,218	$	790	$	8,556	$	13,564
Property and equipment, net at December 31, 2016	$	3,603	$	768	$	6,676	$	11,047
Property and equipment, net at December 31, 2017	$	2,287	$	918	$	4,409	$	7,614

Revaluations of the property and equipment arise from increase/(decreases) in the 2017, 2016 and 2015 year-end Euro currency exchange rate as compared to the US Dollar from the prior year.

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14. Investment Properties

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Investment Properties

Investment Properties

Note 14 — Investment Properties

Investment properties were valued on December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 using the discounted cash flow (DCF) method by an independent qualified professional valuation expert. The methods and assumptions adopted for the real estate appraisals carried out by the expert in determining the fair value of the investment property are in accordance with IAS 40, Investment Property.

The Group currently has no obligations to purchase, construct new investment properties or develop the existing investment properties.

Investment properties valuation at December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 are shown in the table below:

Cost or valuation	Investment Properties
Balance at January 1, 2015	$	47,629,537
Additions		–
Disposals		(3,412,482	)
Revaluation adjustment		(2,271,703	)
Currency exchange rate adjustment		(4,538,269	)
Balance at December 31, 2015	$	37,407,083
Additions		–
Disposals		–
Revaluation adjustment		(563,477	)
Currency exchange rate adjustment		(1,057,553	)
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	35,786,053
Additions		–
Disposals		(5,893,888	)
Revaluation adjustment		(858,371	)
Currency exchange rate adjustment		4,796,108
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	33,829,902

Details of the investment properties is as follows:

Location, address	2017 Fair Value, Level 3		2016 Fair Value, Level 3		2015 Fair Value, Level 3
Milano, Corso Europa 22	$	–	$	5,339,312	$	5,565,238
Buccinasco, Via Lucania 2-4-6		18,982,736		16,492,776		17,396,117
Buccinasco, Via Privata Mulino 24		1,130,068		981,336		1,096,759
Buccinasco, Via Lazio 95		3,907,149		3,703,752		3,887,522
Buccinasco, Via Bruno Buozzi 22		180,330		849,436		879,579
Buccinasco, Via Emilia 30		180,330		162,501		166,143
Rozzano, Milanofiori, Building A5		2,789,103		2,437,512		2,454,134
Rozzano, Milanofiori, Building N1		3,847,039		3,397,744		3,464,021
Rozzano, Milanofiori, Building Q5		1,154,112		1,018,268		1,031,605
Rozzano, Milanofiori, Building Q7		1,659,035		1,403,416		1,465,965
Total	$	33,829,902	$	35,786,053	$	37,407,083

At December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, all investment properties are in the commercial rental category.

The overall reduction of the portfolio’s fair value from 2015 to 2016 mainly reflects the 2.83% decrease in the 2016 year-end Euro currency exchange rate, compared to the US Dollar from the prior year. The Euro currency exchange rate from 2016 to 2017 reflects an increase of 13.93%. The significant decrease in the 2017 fair value of the total commercial rental properties from 2016 is primarily due to (1) the sale of Nova in November 2017 (Nova’s sole asset consisted of the property located at Corso Europa 22, Milan, Italy) and (2) the adjustment to the fair value to the property on Via Buozzi 22 as a result of the Company entering into a contract subsequent to year end offering an unrelated party to purchase the property in February 2018. This contract expires on December 31, 2018 (see note 30 — Subsequent Events).

The portfolio of properties has low vacancy rates. The properties have an average lease expiration of approximately 5 years. The properties comprising the portfolio are commercial real estate assets.

During 2015, the economic recession in Italy continued to affect the real estate industry causing a general delay in rental payments and sometimes an early termination of outstanding leasing agreements. Nevertheless, the amount of rental fees is essentially unchanged compared to previous years. During 2017 and 2016, the general economy in Italy has improved, compared to 2015. The largest improvement in the real estate sector in Milan was in the residential assets. The market for retail offices in Milan, unlike the residential sector, is struggling to recover fully, although the improvement of some indicators seems to confirm the conditions for a recovery. The market for shops in 2017 confirms the growth trend started in 2014. The warehouses/laboratories market still appears to be weak in 2017, with a demand that is still inadequate to absorb the oversupply.

Under the DCF method, a property’s fair value is estimated using explicit assumptions regarding the benefits and liabilities of ownership over the asset’s life including an exit or terminal value. As an accepted method within the income approach to valuation, the DCF method involves the projection of a series of cash flows on real property interest. To this projected cash flow series, an appropriate, market-derived discount rate is applied to establish the present value of the cash inflows associated with the real property.

The duration of the cash flow and the specific timing of inflows and outflows are determined by events such as rent reviews, lease renewal and related lease up periods, re-letting, redevelopment, or refurbishment. The appropriate duration is typically driven by market behavior that is a characteristic of the class of real property.

In the case of investment properties, periodic cash flow is typically estimated as gross income less vacancy, non-recoverable expenses, collection losses, lease incentives, maintenance cost, extraordinary maintenance cost, agent and commission costs and other operating and management expenses. The series of periodic net cash inflows, along with an estimate of the terminal value anticipated at the end of the projection period, is then discounted.

In regards to the commercial rental properties in the town of Assago, Buccinasco and Rozzano, the market data of the outskirt area of Milan was used as a basis of comparison. For the commercial rental property at Corso Europa 22 in Milan, it is considered to be in the top range category due to the location of the property and the current rental agreements in place. The Corso Europa 22 property has been sold with Nova in November 2017, hence no longer in the Company’s portfolio.

The Group has set up a policy of engaging an independent qualified professional valuation expert to value the investment properties on an annual basis at the end of each year. Selection criteria include market knowledge, reputation, independence and whether professional standards are maintained. The valuation performed by the independent qualified professional valuation expert is reviewed by the Group’s Interim CEO, Interim CFO, and certain members of the Board of Directors.

The summary of the unobservable inputs used for the year ended December 31, 2017 are as follows:

Property		Fair Value	Valuation technique	Key unobservable inputs	Inputs used
Buccinasco, Via Lucania 2-4-6	$	18,982,736	DCF	ERV	$96 per sq. meter
				Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.50%
				Discount rate	8.50%
				Cap rate	7.5%
Buccinasco, Via Privata Mulino 24		1,130,068	DCF	ERV	$213 per sq. meter
				Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.50%
				Discount rate	7.30%
				Cap rate	6.9%
Buccinasco, Via Lazio 95		3,907,149	DCF	ERV	$82 per sq. meter - warehouse $117 per sq meter - office
				Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.50%
				Discount rate	8.60%
				Cap rate	7.5%
Buccinasco, Via Bruno Buozzi 22		180,330	DCF	ERV	$117 per sq. meter
				Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.50%
				Discount rate	6.80%
				Cap rate	5.6%
Buccinasco, Via Emilia 30		180,330	DCF	ERV	$69 per sq. meter, $481 per parking space
				Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.50%
				Discount rate	8.70%
				Cap rate	7.6%
Rozzano, Milanofiori, Building A5		2,789,103	DCF	ERV	$153 per sq. meter - offices, $166 per sq. meter commercial area $48 per sq. meter - cellars, $1,082 per parking space
				Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.50%
				Discount rate	6.80%
				Cap rate	5.6%
Rozzano, Milanofiori, Building N1		3,847,039	DCF	ERV	$84 - $153 per s. meter
				Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.50%
				Discount rate	6.80%
				Cap rate	5.6%
Rozzano, Milanofiori, Building Q5		1,154,112	DCF	ERV	$153 per sq. meter, $1,082 per parking space
				Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.50%
				Discount rate	6.80%
				Cap rate	5.6%
Rozzano, Milanofiori, Building Q7		1,659,035	DCF	ERV	$153 per sq. meter, $1,082 per parking space
				Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.50%
				Discount rate	6.80%
				Cap rate	5.6%
Total	$	33,829,902

The summary of the unobservable inputs used for the year ended December 31, 2016 are as follows:

Property		Fair Value	Valuation technique	Key unobservable inputs	Inputs used
Milano, Corso Europa 22	$	5,339,312	DCF	ERV	$475 per sq. meter
				Rental growth p.a.	0.975% to 1.5%
				Discount rate	4.96%
				Cap rate	4.3%
Buccinasco, Via Lucania 2-4-6		16,492,776	DCF	ERV	$88 per sq. meter
				Rental growth p.a.	0.975% to 1.5%
				Discount rate	8.56%
				Cap rate	7.5%
Buccinasco, Via Privata Mulino 24		981,336	DCF	ERV	$185 per sq. meter
				Rental growth p.a.	0.975% to 1.5%
				Discount rate	7.36%
				Cap rate	6.9%
Buccinasco, Via Lazio 95		3,703,752	DCF	ERV	$73 - $103 per sq. meter
				Rental growth p.a.	0.975% to 1.5%
				Discount rate	8.66%
				Cap rate	7.5%
Buccinasco, Via Bruno Buozzi 22		849,436	DCF	ERV	$103 per sq. meter
				Rental growth p.a.	0.975% to 1.5%
				Discount rate	6.86%
				Cap rate	5.6%

Property		Fair Value	Valuation technique	Key unobservable inputs	Inputs used
Buccinasco, Via Emilia 30		162,501	DCF	ERV	$61 per sq. meter, $422 per parking space
				Rental growth p.a.	0.975% to 1.5%
				Discount rate	8.76%
				Cap rate	7.6%
Rozzano, Milanofiori, Building A5		2,437,512	DCF	ERV	$135 per sq. meter, $950 per parking space
				Rental growth p.a.	0.975% to 1.5%
				Discount rate	6.86%
				Cap rate	5.6%
Rozzano, Milanofiori, Building N1		3,397,744	DCF	ERV	$74 - $135 per sq. meter
				Rental growth p.a.	0.975% to 1.5%
				Discount rate	6.86%
				Cap rate	5.6%
Rozzano, Milanofiori, Building Q5		1,018,268	DCF	ERV	$135 per sq. meter, $950 per parking space
				Rental growth p.a.	0.975% to 1.5%
				Discount rate	6.86%
				Cap rate	5.6%
Rozzano, Milanofiori, Building Q7		1,403,416	DCF	ERV	$135 per sq. meter, $950 per parking space
				Rental growth p.a.	0.975% to 1.5%
				Discount rate	6.86%
				Cap rate	5.6%
Total	$	35,786,053

The summary of the unobservable inputs used for the year ended December 31, 2015 are as follows:

Property		Fair Value	Valuation technique	Key unobservable inputs	Inputs used
Milano, Corso Europa 22	$	5,565,238	DCF	ERV	$499 per sq. meter
				Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.5%
				Discount rate	4.96%
				Cap rate	4.3%
Buccinasco, Via Lucania 2-4-6		17,396,117	DCF	ERV	$91 per sq. meter
				Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.5%
				Discount rate	8.46%
				Cap rate	7.4%
Buccinasco, Via Privata Mulino 24		1,096,759	DCF	ERV	$192 per sq. meter
				Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.5%
				Discount rate	7.26%
				Cap rate	6.8%
Buccinasco, Via Lazio 95		3,887,522	DCF	ERV	$75 - $106 per sq. meter
				Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.5%
				Discount rate	8.56%
				Cap rate	7.4%
Buccinasco, Via Bruno Buozzi 22		879,579	DCF	ERV	$106 per sq. meter
				Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.5%
				Discount rate	6.86%
				Cap rate	5.6%
Buccinasco, Via Emilia 30		166,143	DCF	ERV	$64 per sq. meter, $434 per parking space
				Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.5%
				Discount rate	8.66%
				Cap rate	7.5%
Rozzano, Milanofiori, Building A5		2,454,134	DCF	ERV	$139 per sq. meter, $977 per parking space
				Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.5%
				Discount rate	6.86%
				Cap rate	5.6%
Rozzano, Milanofiori, Building N1		3,464,021	DCF	ERV	$76 - $139 per sq. meter
				Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.5%
				Discount rate	6.86%
				Cap rate	5.6%
Rozzano, Milanofiori, Building Q5		1,031,605	DCF	ERV	$139 per sq. meter, $977 per parking space
				Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.5%
				Discount rate	6.86%
				Cap rate	5.6%
Rozzano, Milanofiori, Building Q7		1,465,965	DCF	ERV	$139 per sq. meter, $977 per parking space
				Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.5%
				Discount rate	6.86%
				Cap rate	5.6%
Total	$	37,407,083

Descriptions and definitions

Estimated rental value (ERV)

The rent at which space could be leased in the market conditions prevailing at the date of valuation or the actual rental income of the property, whichever is higher.

Rental growth p.a. (per annum)

The estimated average increase in rent based on both market estimations and contractual indexations.

Discount rate

Rate used to discount the net cash flows generated from rental activities during the period of analysis (estimated up to 10 years).

Gross capitalization rate (Cap rate)

Rate used to estimate the value that the property will be sold at the end of the rental period by capitalizing the final year’s gross income at an appropriate market gross capitalization rate based on the ERV of the property.

Sensitivity analysis to significant changes in unobservable inputs within Level 3 of the hierarchy

The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy of the entity’s portfolios of investment property are:

• Estimated rental value (ERV)

• Rental growth p.a.

• Discount rate

• Gross capitalization rate

Significant increases (decreases) in the ERV and rental growth p.a. in isolation would result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement. Significant increases (decreases) in the discount rate and gross capitalization rate in isolation would result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement.

Generally, a change in the assumption made for the ERV is accompanied by a similar change in the rent growth p.a., discount rate, and gross capitalization rate.

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15. Trade and Other Receivables

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Trade and other receivables [abstract]

Trade and Other Receivables

Note 15 — Trade and Other Receivables

Trade and other receivables consist of the following at December 31:

	2017			2016			2015
Trade receivables	$	136,224		$	154,642		$	686,745
Less: bad debt provision		(54,303	)		(50,426	)		(488,978	)
Trade receivables, net		81,921			104,216			197,767
Other receivables (taxes receivable, unbilled revenue and maintenance charges)		325,089			652,724			645,112
Total trade and other receivables, net current portion	$	407,010		$	756,940		$	842,879
Other receivables - taxes receivables	$	–		$	143,137		$	–
Total trade and other receivables, net non-current portion	$	–		$	143,147		$	–

Lanati was one of the sellers of the investment properties and a current shareholder of the Group, and performed maintenance and other services for the Group’s investment properties. The Group leases office and parking spaces to Lanati and pays certain expenses on Lanati’s behalf. In July 2015, the Group reached various agreements with Lanati for the offsetting of certain receivables (due from Lanati) and payables (due to Lanati). The total amount offset in July 2015 was approximately $1,544,265 (see note 20 — Related Party Transactions and Balances).

Details of the Group’s bad debt provision at December 31 are as follows:

	2017			2016			2015
At January 1	$	50,426		$	488,978		$	521,111
Provided during the year		40,022			–			29,313
Receivable written off during the year as uncollectible		(30,846	)		(35,612	)		(19,092	)
Unused amount reversed		(12,323	)		(389,116	)		(30,840	)
Currency exchange rate and other adjustment		7,024			(13,824	)		(11,514	)
At December 31	$	54,303		$	50,426		$	488,978

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16. Cash and Cash Equivalents

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Cash and cash equivalents [abstract]

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Note 16 — Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents at December 31 is comprised of the following:

	2017		2016		2015
Cash at bank	$	57,869	$	54,920	$	134,451
Cash on hand		274		473		123
Total cash and cash equivalent	$	58,143	$	55,393	$	134,574

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17. Shareholders Equity

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Shareholders Equity

Shareholders' Equity

Note 17 — Shareholders’ Equity

Ordinary Shares

The Company is authorized to issue up to 50,000,000 ordinary shares, par value $0.001 per share. The holders of the ordinary shares are entitled to one vote for each ordinary share.

On July 7, 2015, the Company ceased control of SIM through the closing of the SIM Purchase Agreement in exchange for the return of 220,000 of the Company’s shares. 134,200 shares (61%) were canceled immediately upon their return, 85,800 shares (39%) remained as the Company’s treasury shares. Separately in 2015, an additional 253,881 shares of the founders’ shares were forfeited as a result of pre-determined stock price target not being reached pursuant to conditions set forth during the Company’s IPO in 2011.

On November 10, 2017, the Company ceased control of Nova through the closing of the Nova Purchase Agreement in exchange for the return of 53,828 of the Company’s shares. These shares are classified as the Company’s treasury shares for the year ended December 31, 2017. Separately in 2017, certain consultants of the Company and employees of the subsidiaries exercised their vested stock options, yielding 2,900 shares.

As of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, there were 1,903,723, 1,954,651 and 1,954,651 ordinary shares outstanding, respectively. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, there were 139,628, 85,800 and 85,800 shares as treasury shares, respectively.

Share Premium

As a result of the Company ceasing control of Seba on July 7, 2015, the Group derecognized the assets and liabilities of SIM from the consolidated statements of financial position. The Group further recognized the loss associated with the loss of control attributable to the former controlling interest. Following the ceasing of control, the Group did not retain an investment in SIM. Therefore, no retained interest remeasurement is necessary.

In connection with ceasing control of Nova on November 10, 2017, the Group derecognized the assets and liabilities of Nova from the consolidated statements of financial position. The Group further recognized the loss associated with the loss of control attributable to the former controlling interest. Following the ceasing of control, the Group did not retain an investment in Nova. Therefore, no retained interest remeasurement is necessary.

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18. Loans and Borrowings

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Loans And Borrowings

Loans and Borrowings

Note 18 — Loans and Borrowings

The book value of loans and borrowings consist of the following:

Loans and borrowings	2017		2016		2015
Non-current
Bank loans	$	–	$	4,179,528	$	4,301,125
Finance lease creditor		17,148,421		16,054,972		16,518,357
Other loans		997,826		875,816		901,297
Total non-current		18,146,247		21,110,316		21,720,779
Current
Revolving lines of credit		812,913		711,675		680,075
Bank loans		1,604,426		1,683,705		1,660,946
Finance lease creditor		1,131,182		921,634		1,856,354
Other loans		889,833		889,833		889,833
Total current		4,438,354		4,206,847		5,087,208
Total loans and borrowings	$	22,584,601	$	25,317,163	$	26,807,987

Bank loans

Bank loans include both secured and unsecured bank loans. Certain bank loans are secured by the investment properties. In addition to using the investment properties as collateral, some of the loans are further personally guaranteed by the former owners of the properties. The total fair value of the investment properties used as collateral was $3,907,149, $9,043,064 and $9,452,760 as of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 respectively.

The tables below show the detail of bank loans by expiry date and rate. All bank loan contracts provide for floating rates.

2017	Floating rate		Total
Expiry within 1 year	$	1,604,426	$	1,604,426
Expiry within 1 and 5 years		–		–
Expiry in more than 5 years		–		–
Total	$	1,604,426	$	1,604,426

2016	Floating rate		Total
Expiry within 1 year (current)	$	1,683,705	$	1,683,705
Expiry within 1 and 5 years (non-current)		1,438,478		1,438,478
Expiry in more than 5 years (non-current)		2,741,050		2,741,050
Total	$	5,863,233	$	5,863,233

2015	Floating rate		Total
Expiry within 1 year (current)	$	1,660,946	$	1,660,946
Expiry within 1 and 5 years (non-current)		1,507,833		1,507,833
Expiry in more than 5 years (non-current)		2,793,292		2,793,292
Total	$	5,962,071	$	5,962,071

As of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, the effective interest rate varies from EURIBOR+1.125% to EURIBOR+2.554%. This amounted to 0.795% to 2.224% as of December 31, 2017.

During 2014, one of the Subsidiaries missed certain scheduled repayments on a bank loan totaling $193,011 in principal and $22,680 in interest. Except for these missed scheduled repayments, the Group has been current on all scheduled repayments since the beginning of 2014. According to the applicable mortgage agreement, missing scheduled payments can cause the bank to request immediate repayment of the residual debt totaling approximately $1,515,720 as of December 31, 2014. Management initiated negotiations with the bank to postpone repayment for 12 months in 2014. Separately during 2014, one of the other Subsidiaries missed certain scheduled finance lease payments to the leasing department of the same bank. During 2017, the bank official, denied the Group’s request and requested immediate repayment of the residual debt. As a result, Management has classified such residual debt as current loans and borrowings as of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015. On November 10, 2017, the Company ceased control of one of the affected subsidiaries and, as a result, transferred all the bank loans back to its prior owner.

Revolving lines of credit

The Group has outstanding balances at December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 as follows:

2017	Floating rate		Fixed rate		Total
Expiry within 1 year	$	408,042	$	404,871	$	812,913
Expiry within 1 and 5 years		–		–		–
Expiry in more than 5 years		–		–		–
Total	$	408,042	$	404,871	$	812,913

2016	Floating rate		Fixed rate		Total
Expiry within 1 year (current)	$	356,309	$	355,366	$	711,675
Expiry within 1 and 5 years (non-current)		–		–		–
Expiry in more than 5 years (non-current)		–		–		–
Total	$	356,309	$	355,366	$	711,675

2015	Floating rate		Fixed rate		Total
Expiry within 1 year (current)	$	318,063	$	362,012	$	680,075
Expiry within 1 and 5 years (non-current)		–		–		–
Expiry in more than 5 years (non-current)		–		–		–
Total	$	318,063	$	362,012	$	680,075

The facilities expiring within 1 year are annual facilities subject to renewal at various dates. As at December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, the effective interest rate varies from 8.025% to 12.97%, 4.86% to 15.50%, and 5.50% to 15.50% respectively.

The revolving lines of credit are unsecured, and personally guaranteed by the former owners of the properties. The total revolving lines of credit approved by the bank as of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 were $120,220, $110,796 and $575,527, respectively. The total balances of the revolving lines of credit as of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 were $118,694, $107,059 and $680,075, respectively. The revolving lines of credit were overdrawn on December 31, 2015. The overdrawn amounts were agreed to with the lender and not considered an event of default. During 2016, two of the lines of credit were revoked and one of the lines of credit expired without a renewal contract (all from the same lender). The balance on these three lines of credit, totaling $694,219, remains outstanding as of December 31, 2017. As of the date of this report, the Group has initiated a legal dispute as the plaintiff with the lender to obtain the forfeiture of these outstanding balances due to the bank’s breaching of contract and the unlawful accrual of interest on the amount in dispute.. The Company and the lender are pursuing active negotiations on the position of these outstanding balances and during the negotiation, the outstanding balances are considered in default. However, there can be no assurance the Company can obtain the forfeiture of these outstanding balances.

Finance lease creditor

See note “Finance leases” below.

Other loans

Non-current other loans consist of one loan from the current tenant of the property located on Via Lucania in Buccinasco. The loan proceeds were used for the modification of the property to the tenant’s specifications. The repayment of this loan will start in the year 2021 for a period of three years, and will offset the rent to be collected from the tenant. The effective interest rate is fixed at EURIBOR+1.90%.

Current other loans consist of an interest bearing convertible promissory note with the underwriters (see Note 21 — Note Payable to Underwriters).

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19. Finance Leases

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Finance Leases

Finance Leases

Note 19 — Finance Leases

The Group leases all of its real estate properties except for the properties located in Via Lazio 95 in Buccinasco, Via Buozzi 22 in Buccinasco, and Corso Europa 22 in Milan.

Such assets are classified as finance leases as the Group has the right to purchase the assets outright at the end of the minimum lease term by paying a nominal amount. The total fair value of the investment properties that carried finance leases was $29,742,423, $25,731,052 and $26,908,602 as of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Future minimum lease payments due are as follows:

2017	Minimum lease payments		Interest		Present value
Less than one year	$	2,180,616	$	1,049,434	$	1,131,182
Later than one year and not later than five years		7,236,202		3,231,225		3,967,793
Later than five years		16,296,170		3,115,542		13,180,628
Total	$	25,712,988	$	7,396,201	$	18,279,603

2016	Minimum lease payments		Interest		Present value
Less than one year	$	1,920,618	$	998,984	$	921,634
Later than one year and not later than five years		6,739,259		3,156,663		3,582,596
Later than five years		16,073,358		3,600,982		12,472,376
Total	$	24,733,235	$	7,756,629	$	16,976,606

2015	Minimum lease payments		Interest		Present value
Less than one year	$	3,514,879	$	1,658,525	$	1,856,354
Later than one year and not later than five years		5,952,787		3,426,567		2,526,220
Later than five years		18,934,300		4,942,163		13,992,137
Total	$	28,401,966	$	10,027,255	$	18,374,711

As at December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, the effective interest rate varies from EURIBOR+1.4% to EURIBOR+2.762%. This amounted to 1.07% to 2.432%, 1.08% to 2.442%and 1.27% to 2.632% as of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

The present value of the future minimum lease payments are categorized as follows:

	2017		2016		2015
Current liabilities	$	1,131,182	$	921,634	$	1,856,354
Non-current liabilities		17,148,421		16,054,972		16,518,357
Total	$	18,279,603	$	16,976,606	$	18,374,711

During 2015, two of the three affected finance lease creditors granted the Group modification repayment plans. As of December 31, 2015, Management was still undergoing negotiations with the remaining affected finance lease creditor and could not provide assurance that this finance lease creditor would not decide to refuse granting the requested modification repayment plans to the Group. As a result, the Group classified this one residual finance lease as current loans and borrowings as of December 31, 2015. During 2016, the Group successfully obtained the approval from this finance lease creditor of a modification repayment plan. As a result, Management has not classified the full portion of this finance lease as current loans and borrowing as of December 31, 2017 and 2016. 

In addition, during 2016, one of the Subsidiaries missed certain scheduled payment to a finance lease creditor, but has since obtained the approval from this finance lease creditor of a modification repayment plan. As a result, Management has not classified the full portion of this affected finance lease as current loans and borrowing as of December 31, 2017 and 2016.

During 2017, the Group has been current with all scheduled lease payments and the repayment plans approved by the finance lease creditors.

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20. Related Party Transactions and Balances

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Related Party Transactions And Balances

Related Party Transactions and Balances

Note 20 — Related Party Transactions and Balances

The Company entered into five non-interest bearing unsecured promissory notes with one director of the Company which amounted to $420,000. The notes were to be repaid on the earlier of consummation of the Business Combination or liquidation of the Company. At the closing of the Business Combination, the funds released from the Trust Account were less than the aggregate of all payables. The director agreed to extend the repayment date of the $420,000 promissory note to a later date to be determined by mutual agreement between the Company and the director.

On July 1, 2014, all the aforementioned non-interest bearing unsecured promissory notes amounting to $420,000 and $230,000 of reimbursable expenses owed to one director, and an additional cash injection of $30,000 to the Company on June 26, 2014 were converted to an interest bearing unsecured convertible promissory note of $680,000 with an interest rate of 10% per annum, compounding annually. The note matures on the earlier of (i) the date on which the Company liquidates and winds-up its affairs, or (ii) June 30, 2015 (one year from the date of the interest bearing unsecured note). The convertible feature grants the payee the option to convert the principal sum and any unpaid interest for the lower of (1) $2.29 per share, or (2) the price per share of the Company’s next round of financing. Following the conversion of this aforementioned non-interest bearing unsecured promissory note to an interest bearing unsecured convertible promissory note, the Company further entered into various additional interest bearing unsecured convertible promissory notes during 2015, 2016 and 2017 which amounted to $3,965,000 with the same interest rate and similar convertible feature as the previously converted notes. During 2017, 2016 and 2015, the interest bearing unsecured convertible promissory notes from 2016, 2015 and 2014 reached maturity. The Company was not in a position to repay the notes or the accrued interest. As a result, the Company issued new interest bearing unsecured convertible promissory notes (“Roll-over Notes”) to the director for the principal and accrued unpaid interest. These Roll-over Notes have the same interest rate and similar convertible feature as the original convertible notes. The total interest bearing unsecured promissory notes payable to this director amounted to $4,718,952, $3,608,100 and $2,671,000 as of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Due to the specific terms of the conversion feature on these promissory notes, these notes are classified as convertible notes with an embedded derivative liability. The host loan is accounted for at amortized cost, with an embedded derivative liability being measured at fair value with changes in value being recorded in profit and loss. The embedded derivative liability is calculated first and the residual value is assigned to the debt host liability component. Amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 amounted to $1,813,934, $2,132,808 and $1,922,943, respectively, with the unamortized portion amounting to $731,473, $1,122,997 and $1,363,000, respectively. The derivative liability related to these promissory notes as of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 was $1,859,700, $794,235 and $2,568,188, respectively (see note 24 — Derivative Financial Liabilities). As of the date of this report, the convertible right had not been exercised. The Company has an interest payable to this director in the amount of $1,005,089, $581,648 and $267,464 as of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively (see note 30 — Subsequent Events).

From time to time, the Company’s executives incurred expenses on behalf of the Company for various office and travel expenses prior to the Business Combination in September, 2013 and during the major management change occurred in May, 2014. No interest is charged by the executives on any outstanding balance owed by the Company. For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, total expenses paid by the executives on behalf of the Company totaled $32,286, $136,591 and $141,022, respectively. Of these amounts, $32,286, $136,591 and $141,022 has not been repaid to the Company’s executives and are included in due to related party in the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position as of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Separately on December 16, 2014, the Company and one of the current officers agreed to convert $18,000 of the outstanding balance owed by the Company to an interest bearing unsecured promissory note with the same interest rate and similar convertible feature as the ones aforementioned between the Company and the director. The outstanding balance arose from the services the officer provided to the Company after the Business Combination and before becoming the current officer of the Company. During 2015, at the maturity of this note, the Company was not in a position to repay this note or the accrued interest. The Company issued new unsecured convertible promissory notes to this officer. Similar to the aforementioned Roll-over Notes between the Company and the director, the principal amount of this new note consisted of the original principal amount plus the accrued unpaid interest with the same interest rate and similar convertible feature. On December 16, 2016, the maturity of the roll-over note, the note was not renewed. The Company and the officer have agreed on an installment repayment plan of $2,500 per month for the principal and interest related to this matured note. The outstanding principal and interest was fully repaid as of December 31, 2017.

In connection to the management change by way of majority shareholder consent on May 5, 2014, a non-employee consultant from prior to the Business Combination became an officer of the Company. The outstanding amount of $55,000 for services provided by the consultant had not been paid by the Company as of December 31, 2015 and was classified as due to related party as of December 31, 2015. The outstanding amount was fully repaid as of December 31, 2016.

The Company agreed to pay Kaiyuan Real Estate Development (“Kaiyuan”) a total of $7,500 per month for office space, administrative services and secretarial support for a period commencing March 24, 2011 and ending on the consummation of its Business Combination. Kaiyuan is an affiliate of Mr. Yong Hui Li, the Company’s chairman prior to the Business Combination. There were no expenses incurred under this agreement for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015. The Company had a payable to Kaiyuan of $203,312 as at December 31, 2016 and 2015. During 2017, Kaiyuan and the Company has reached an agreement to cancel the outstanding payable in full. The cancelled outstanding payable is included in share premium in the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position as of December 31, 2017 as a non-cash capital contribution.

Mr. Cesare Lanati (the former owner of certain subsidiaries and current stockholder of the Group) performed maintenance and other services for the Group’s investment properties. The Group leases office and parking spaces to Lanati and pays certain expenses on Lanati’s behalf. During 2015, the Group reached various agreements with Lanati offsetting certain receivables and payables (see Note 15 — Trade and Other Receivables, and Note 22 — Trade and Other Payables).

In April 2016, a director was granted $248,000 as compensation for the year ended December 31, 2015. In addition, in April 2016, the Company granted 100,000 stock options to the same director for the services provided in 2015, pursuant to which 60% vested immediately with the remaining balance vesting over 14 months following the grant date. The fair value of the options granted to this director using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model is $88,400 (see Note 26 — Share-Based Payment). Separately, in April 2016, the Company granted compensation of $248,000 to the Interim Chief Executive Officer and 100,000 stock options at an exercise price of $2.94 per share for services provided in 2015. 60% of the stock options granted vested immediately on the grant date with remaining balance vesting over 14 months following the grant date. The fair value of the stock options granted to the Interim Chief Executive Officer using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model is $88,400. Further, in April 2016, the Company granted additional compensation of $93,000 in 2015 to the Interim Chief Financial Officer and 30,000 stock options at an exercise price of $2.94 for services provided in 2015. The stock options granted vest over 18 months from the grant date. The fair value of the stock options granted to the Interim Chief Financial Officer using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model is $26,520. All 2015 compensation amounts were accrued as due to related parties as of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015. Further, in March 2017, the Company granted compensation of $50,000 to its Interim Chief Executive Officer as compensation for services rendered during 2016, which has been accrued as due to related parties as of December 31, 2017 and 2016.

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21. Note Payable to Underwriters

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Note Payable To Underwriters

Note Payable to Underwriters

Note 21 — Note Payable to Underwriters

Immediately following the closing of the Business Combination on September 30, 2013, the Company entered into an interest-bearing promissory note with its underwriter, Chardan Capital Markets, LLC (“Chardan”) for the total remaining amount of $889,833 due to the underwriter at the rate of 5% per annum, maturing on December 31, 2013. If the note was not repaid by December 31, 2013, Chardan had the right to convert the note and accrued interest into ordinary shares at a price of $9.10 per share. In connection with the convertible right, $184,584 was allocated to the value of the beneficial conversion feature. As of the date of this report, the convertible right had not been exercised. On December 31, 2013 (the note’s maturity date), the Company was not able to repay the note. As a result of the payment default, an additional default interest rate of 10% per annum is added to the original 5% per annum interest rate starting December 31, 2013. The Company has interest payable to Chardan in the amount of $561,585, $420,448 and $327,229 as of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Interest expense on this note amounted to $141,137, $138,788 and $136,288 for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. George Kaufman, one of the Group’s directors, is an employee of Chardan. 

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22. Trade and Other Payables

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Trade and other payables [abstract]

Trade and Other Payables

Note 22 — Trade and Other Payables

Details of trade and other payables at December 31 are as follows:

	2017		2016		2015
Accrued expenses	$	2,716,238	$	2,789,476	$	2,863,516
Interest payables		1,061,346		796,175		560,835
Trade account payables		2,593,584		2,295,501		1,834,773
Other payables - social security payments		18,329		33,397		113,560
Total trade and other payables, current	$	6,389,497	$	5,914,549	$	5,372,684
Other payables - social security payments	$	3,568	$	63,143	$	–
Other payables - property taxes payments		16,029		17,212		–
Total trade and other payables, non-current	$	19,597	$	80,355	$	–

Book values approximate fair value at December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.

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23. Other Liabilities and Other Deferred Income

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Other Liabilities And Other Deferred Income

Other Liabilities and Other Deferred Income

Note 23 — Other Liabilities and Other Deferred Income

Details of accrued expenses and other deferred income at December 31 are as follows:

	2017		2016		2015
Other deferred income	$	306,055	$	301,800	$	276,496
Other Liabilities		2,797		–		82,138
Total accrued expenses and other deferred income	$	308,852	$	301,800	$	358,634

Other deferred income consists of rental income and condominium expenses reimbursement invoiced to certain tenants immediately before the actual leasing period (prepayment from tenants). Accrued expenses consist of certain interest and condominium expenses.

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24. Derivative Financial Liabilities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Derivative Financial Liabilities

Derivative Financial Liabilities

Note 24 — Derivative Financial Liabilities

The fair value of derivative financial liabilities from a derivative financial instrument is considered current.

The fair value of the Group’s interest rate derivatives is determined by Management using inputs based on bank quotes. The fair value of the Group’s convertible promissory notes derivatives is determined by Management using a valuation model based on certain inputs that are observable.

	2017		2016		2015
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Conversion feature on promissory notes	$	1,859,700	$	794,235	$	2,568,188
Interest rate swaps		–	$	–	$	165,648
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments	$	1,859,700	$	794,235	$	2,733,836

Interest rate swaps

The Group entered into interest rate swap contracts by using floating-to-fixed interest rate swaps. The interest rate swap contracts were linked to a part of a leasing contract. The interest rate swap contract was closed during 2016. As a result of the termination of the interest rate swap contract the amount owed to the financial institution is $163,741 at December 31, 2017 and is included in loans and borrowings in the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position. The notional value as at December 31, 2015 was $1,432,225. The change in fair value during the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 amounted to $18,096 and $33,558, respectively.

The convertible promissory notes issued to a certain director were classified as convertible promissory notes with an embedded derivative liability. The host notes are accounted for at amortized cost, with an embedded derivative liability being measured at fair value with changes in value being recorded in the accompanying consolidated statements of loss and comprehensive loss. The notional value as of December 31, 2017 was $1,859,700. The change in fair value during the year ended December 31, 2017 was $292,562.

The summary of the observable inputs used for the year ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 are as follow:

	Year ended December 31, 2017		Year ended December 31, 2016		Year ended December 31, 2015
Conversion price		$1.30 - $1.80		$1.40 - $3.55		$1.40 - $3.55
Stock price		$1.30 - $1.98		$1.80 - $3.55		$1.25 - $4.00
Risk-free interest rate		0.82% - 1.90%		0.44% - 0.92%		0.09% - 0.71%
Expected term (in years)		0.01 - 1		0.01 - 1		0.09 - 1
Average stock price volatility		80.08%		100.60%		141.03%

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25. Provisions

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Provisions.Abstract

Provisions

Note 25 — Provisions

As of December 31, provisions are comprised of the following:

	2017		2016		2015
Post-employment benefits	$	37,363	$	35,734	$	22,464
Tax liabilities		5,338		4,474		5,364
Other provisions		28,012		–		142,514
Total provisions	$	70,713	$	40,208	$	170,342

Post-employment benefits provision relates to two of the Subsidiaries that have employees in Italy. The amount is based on a certain percentage of the salary paid to the employees each pay period. The amount will be paid to the employees when employment ceases pursuant to the local Italian law.

Tax liabilities provision is related to a type of tax imposed by the tax authority in Italy in 2011, applicable to three of the Group’s subsidiaries. This law allows the Group to deduct a portion of the tax paid in 2011 to be partially reversed each year over a certain number of years until the provision is fully extinguished.

The other provisions refer to probable liabilities derived from legal disputes underway from the subsidiaries. This provision liability is estimated based on Management’s evaluation of the amounts at risk and legal considerations. There are uncertainties that relate to whether claims will be settled by payment or if the subsidiary is successful in defending any action (see note 27 — Contingencies and Commitments). The significant reduction of other provisions from 2015 to 2016 is due to the settlement and payment of the last remaining legal dispute during 2016, therefore releasing the potential liabilities of this legal dispute. The settlement amount was received in 2016 from the said third party and recorded in the Group’s other revenue. As of the date of this report, there is no other significant legal dispute that poses risk with probable substantial loss.

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26. Share-Based Payment

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Share-based Payment

Share-Based Payment

Note 26 — Share-Based Payment

On February 25, 2010, the Company’s board of directors authorized and issued 20,000 stock options, each option to purchase one ordinary share of the Company, to directors and consultants of the Company.  In November 2010, September 2015 and April 2016, the Company’s board of directors authorized to reserve an additional 200,000, 280,000 and 200,000 stock options, respectively, for issuance to directors and consultants of the Company from time to time, bringing the total authorized to an aggregate of 700,000 stock options.

In May and September 2014, the Company’s board of directors granted 62,000 stock options to an officer and an employee, and 7,500 stock options to certain employees of the Subsidiaries.

In May and September 2015, the Company’s board of directors granted 125,500 stock options to a director and certain employees of the Subsidiaries.

In January, April and October 2016, the Company’s board of directors granted 150,000 stock options to two directors, 140,000 stock options two officers, and 23,000 stock options to two external consultants.

In May, 2017, one consultant to the Company and various employees of the subsidiaries elected to exercise the stock options vested. There were a total of 2,900 options exercised.

The following table summarizes the stock option activity for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015:

	Number of shares			Weighted average exercise price per share		Weighted average remaining contractual term (in years)		Aggregate intrinsic value
Outstanding at January 1, 2015		77,000		$	0.669		4.40	$	67,414
Granted		125,500			–		–		346,280
Exercised		–			–		–		–
Cancelled		–			–		–		–
Outstanding at December 31, 2015		202,500		$	2.759		5.00		413,693
Granted		313,000			–		–		329,871
Exercised		–			–		–		–
Cancelled		(31,250	)		–		–		–
Outstanding at December 31, 2016		484,250		$	1.132		4.69	$	743,564
Granted		–			–		–		–
Exercised		(2,900	)		–		–		–
Cancelled		(7,500	)		–		–		(2,400	)
Outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2017		473,850		$	1.132		3.85	$	741,164

The following table summarizes the unvested stock option activity during the period from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2017:

	Number of shares
Unvested January 1, 2015		62,031
Granted		125,500
Vested		(92,844	)
Cancelled		–
Unvested December 31, 2015		94,687
Granted		313,000
Vested		(266,837	)
Cancelled		(31,250	)
Unvested December 31, 2016		109,600
Granted		–
Vested		(99,249	)
Cancelled		(7,500	)
Unvested December 31, 2017		2,851

The fair value assigned to the vested increments of these awards was estimated at the grant date of the stock options using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions:

	Year ended December 31, 2016		Year ended December 31, 2015
Stock price		$1.80 - $3.55		$1.25 - $4.00
Risk-free interest rate		0.94% - 2.10%		1.18% - 1.81%
Expected term (in years)		5.0		5.0
Weighted average expected stock price volatility		34.28%		71.32%
Expected dividend yield		0%		0%
Weighted average grant-date fair value of options granted	$	1.0539	$	2.7592

For the year ended December 31, 2017, there were no stock options granted. For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, Management used the following assumptions for the Black-Scholes inputs: On the option valuation date, the current stock price of the Company was used for determining the fair value of the Company’s stock based on the closing price of common stock on the valuation date. The expected dividend rate of 0% is based on Management’s plan of operations. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury 5-year Treasury Bill on the date of measurement. The Company’s historical stock price was used to determine the expected volatility. The Company expects that no options will be forfeited.

Share-based compensation expense from stock options totaled $95,419, $370,040 and $260,819 for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Share-based compensation expense from stock options to be expensed in future periods is expected to be $20,302, $7,164 and $27 for the years ending December 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020, respectively.

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27. Contingencies and Commitments

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Contingencies And Commitments

Contingencies and Commitments

Note 27 — Contingencies and Commitments

The Group is subject to various claims and legal proceedings covering a wide range of matters that arise in the ordinary course of its business activities, including disputes on building repair and maintenance expenses, moving expenses and others. Management believes that any liability that may ultimately result from the resolution of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on the financial condition or results of operations of the Company.

The following summarizes the material litigation relating to the Group:

i. Auchan S.p.A

On March 14, 2013, the tenant Auchan filed a lawsuit with the Court of Milan against Ellegi and GSI in connection with a lease agreement entered into with Ellegi on July 15, 2010 and a contract entered into with GSI on August 5, 2010 for certain repairs to be performed. Auchan was not satisfied with the repairs performed and claimed that they suffered a loss of potential income from new business opportunities, together with certain damages which totaled to €4.5 million. In the first quarter of 2016, the court issued a judgement to reject all claims made by Auchan. In June, 2016, Auchan remitted €200,000 (which translates to approx. $221,440) to the Group as final settlement of this case, which is recorded as other revenue in the Group’s consolidated statements of loss and comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2016.

ii. Morgan Joseph and BHN LLC 

In July 2014, Morgan Joseph filed a complaint against Prime and BHN LLC (“BHN”) for breach of contract, seeking at least approximately $1.3 million plus damages from Prime. On October 20, 2014, Prime moved to dismiss the complaint on the basis there were no contracts between Morgan Joseph and Prime. On November 14, 2014, BHN moved to add additional cross-claims, among other things.

On March 19, 2015, the court dismissed Morgan Joseph's complaint against Prime, as well as BHN LLC’s cross-claim for indemnification from the Company, but gave Morgan Joseph until May 1, 2015 to file an amended complaint.

On April 8, 2015, BHN brought an amended complaint against Prime for breach of contract, seeking approximately $9 million in damages. BHN did not serve Prime or Prime’s legal counsel with this complaint. Separately, on April 27, 2015, Morgan Joseph filed an amended complaint against Prime and BHN, asserting claims of breach of contract and seeking approximately $2.5 million plus damages.

The Company filed an answer to Morgan Joseph’s amended complaint on June 1, 2015. Management estimated the probability of damages in these cases to be low due to (1) there being no formal contracts between the Company and Morgan Joseph, (2) the court dismissing earlier complaints and (3) there being no new evidence brought forward in the amended complaints.

In addition, on June 26, 2015, the Company filed a cross-claim against BHN LLC and certain individuals connected with BHN LLC for damages and certain costs incurred by the Company. The amount of damages and costs are to be determined at trial. In January, 2017, BHN motioned to dismiss the Company’s claims against it and the Company has filed its defense in response. On August 30, 2017, the judge denied BHN’s move for a summary judgement and the parties are undertaking discovery in May and June of 2018, with court appearances anticipated to take place in August 2018.

iii. Andrea Crespi-Belskij

On July 19, 2016, Andrea Crespi-Belskij, formerly a consultant to the Company, filed a claim with the civil court of Milan against Prime Acquisition and two Italian subsidiaries, Magfin Srl and Ellegi Srl, claiming, among other things, wrongful dismissal and incorrect classification of employment, and seeking various financial compensations for the claims as well as petitioning for a seizure of the Italian subsidiaries. In the August 2, 2016 hearing on the seizure, the presiding judge summarily dismissed the petition. Andrea Crespi-Belskij did not file an appeal of the judgement within 10 days after the judgement. The hearing on wrongful dismissal, which the claimant previously filed a similar claim against the Company and its subsidiaries in June 2016 which was dismissed by the court, began on September 29, 2016 and in a conclusive hearing held on March 9, 2017, the judge dismissed all claims against the Company and awarded €3,000 (which translates to approximately $3,165) to the Company under the Abuse of Law provision. Andrea Crespi-Belskij filed an appeal in late 2017, resulting a court appearing on March 24, 2018 in which the presiding judge advised both parties to settle the case with a €6,000 settlement payment by the Company with both parties in agreement. On April 9, 2018, both parties appeared in front of the same judge who gave the parties until May 7, 2018 to settle the case. The Company is optimistic that the case will be concluded by that time.

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28. Capital Management

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Capital Management

Capital Management

Note 28 — Capital Management

The primary objective of the Group’s capital management is to ensure that it remains within its quantitative banking covenants and maintain a strong credit rating. No changes were made in the objectives, policies or processes during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.

The Group monitors capital primarily using a loan-to-value ratio, which is calculated as the amount of outstanding debt divided by the valuation of the investment property portfolio. The Group’s policy is to keep its average loan-to-value ratio lower than 80%.

Banking covenants vary according to each loan agreement, but typically require that the loan-to-value ratio does not exceed 80% to 85%.

During 2014, certain Subsidiaries of the Group missed scheduled repayments on a bank loan and four finance leases (see note 18 — Loans and Borrowings, and note 19 — Finance Leases). During 2015, certain Subsidiaries of the Group missed scheduled repayments on three finance leases. In addition, the Group was not able to repay the note payable to underwriters on its maturity date of December 31, 2013. As a result of the payment default, an additional default interest rate is added to the original interest rate (see note 21 — Note Payable to Underwriters).

During 2016, one of the Subsidiaries missed certain scheduled payments to a finance lease creditor (see note 19 — Finance Leases), but has since obtained the approval from this finance lease creditor of a modification repayment plan. As a result, Management has not classified the full portion of this affected finance lease as current loans and borrowing as of December 31, 2017 and 2016.

	2017		2016		2015
Carrying amount of loans and borrowings	$	22,584,601	$	25,317,163	$	26,807,987
External valuation of completed investment property		33,829,902		35,786,053		37,407,083
Loan to value ratio		67%		71%		72%

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29. Tenant Concentrations

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Tenant Concentrations

Tenant Concentrations

Note 29 — Tenant Concentrations

The Group’s major tenants that represented more than 10% of the Group’s annual rental revenue for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 are as follows:

Tenant	2017		2016*		2015*
Microelettrica		59.61%		59.53%		59.62%

*Restated for discontinued operations (see note 9 — Discontinued Operations)

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30. Subsequent Events

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Subsequent Events

Subsequent Events

Note 30 — Subsequent Events

As of April 30, 2018, the Company entered into four additional interest bearing unsecured convertible promissory notes with an interest rate of 10% annum, compounding annually (as described in note 20 — Related Party Transactions and Balances) with the same director of the Company, totaling $50,000. These promissory notes include the renewal of nineteen interest bearing unsecured convertible promissory notes from 2017 maturing in 2018 to a future date with an additional of 10% to the original principal amounts (“Rollover”). These Rollovers have added $155,329 to the total principal amount owed to this director.

As a result of the additional interest bearing unsecured convertible promissory notes and the Rollover, the Company owes this director an aggregate of $6,086,293, including $4,924,281 in principal and $1,162,012 of accrued interest.

On February 8, 2018, the Company closed on the sale of a portion (approximately 52% which translate to approximately 2,246 sqm of gross leasable area) of the via Lazio building owned by the subsidiary, Ellegi, an office property in southwest Milan, for €1.85 million (approximately US$2.27 million as of February 8, 2018). The remaining portion of the building is 100% occupied subsequent to the sale.

Separately on February 8, 2018, the Company also announced that it we entered into a contract offering an unrelated entity to purchase the via Buozzi property for €150,000 (approx. US$183,390 as of February 9, 2018). This contract expires on December 31, 2018. The via Buozzi building is an office property located approximately five miles from the via Lazio building and is also owned by Ellegi.

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3. Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Significant Accounting Policies Policies

(a) Determination of Fair Values

(a) Determination of Fair Values

A number of the Group’s accounting policies and disclosures require the determination of fair value, for both financial assets and liabilities. Fair values have been determined for measurement and/or disclosure purposes based on the following methods. Where applicable, further information about the assumptions made in determining fair values is disclosed in the notes specific to that asset or liability.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

The Group uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximizing the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizing the use of unobservable inputs significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:

· Level 1 – Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

· Level 2 – Inputs other than quoted market prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices)

· Level 3 – Inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs)

For assets and liabilities that are valued in the consolidated financial statements on a recurring basis, the Group determines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing categorization (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of each reporting period.

(b) Revenue

(b) Revenue

Rental income is recognized in the period on an accrual basis if the amount of revenue can be measured reliably and it is probable that the Group will receive the consideration.

The Group is the lessor in operating leases. Rental income arising from operating leases on investment property is accounted for on a straight-line basis over the lease terms and is included in the consolidated statements of income/(loss) and comprehensive income/(loss) due to its operating nature, except for contingent rental income which is recognized when it arises.

Amounts received from tenants to terminate leases or to compensate for dilapidations are recognized in the consolidated statements of income/(loss) and comprehensive income/(loss) when the right to receive them arises.

(c) Cash and Cash Equivalents

(c) Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and short-term deposits in the consolidated statements of financial position comprise cash held at banks and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less.

(d) Loans and Borrowings

(d) Loans and Borrowings

All loans and borrowings are initially recognized at fair value, less directly attributable transaction costs. After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method.

In accordance with IAS 17 — Leases, the direct costs of the leases are added to the amount recognized as an asset and amortized over the duration of the leases.

(e) Trade and Other Receivables

(e) Trade and Other Receivables

Trade and other receivables are recognized at their original invoiced value. The fair values of trade and other receivables classified as loans and receivables are not materially different from their net carrying values. A provision is made when there is objective evidence that the Group will not be able to recover balances in full. Balances are written off when the probability of recovery is assessed as being remote.

(f) Income Taxes

(f) Income Taxes

The Company was incorporated as a Cayman Islands exempted company and therefore the Group is not currently subject to income tax in the Cayman Islands or United States of America.

The Subsidiaries are subject to income taxes in Italy and judgment is required in determining the provision for income taxes. During the ordinary course of business, there are transactions and calculations for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. As a result, the Subsidiaries recognize tax liabilities based on estimates of whether additional taxes and interest will be due. These tax liabilities are recognized when the Group’s management believes that certain positions are likely to be challenged and may not be fully sustained upon review by tax authorities. The Group’s management believes that its accruals for tax liabilities are adequate for all open audit years based on its assessment of many factors, including past experience and interpretations of tax law. This assessment relies on estimates and assumptions and may involve a series of complex judgments about future events. To the extent that the final tax outcome of these matters is different than the amount recorded, such differences will impact income tax expense in the period in which such determination is made.

(g) Deferred Taxation

(g) Deferred Taxation

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized where the carrying amount of an asset or liability in the consolidated statements of financial position differs from its tax base.

Recognition of deferred tax assets is restricted to those instances where it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the difference can be utilized.

The amount of the asset or liability is determined using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date and are expected to apply when the deferred tax liabilities/(assets) are settled/(recovered).

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when the Group has a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities and the deferred tax assets and liabilities relate to taxes levied by the same tax authority on either:

· The same taxable group company; or

· Different group entities which intend either to settle current tax assets and liabilities on a net basis, or to realize the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously, in each future period in which significant amounts of deferred tax assets or liabilities are expected to be settled or recovered.

(h) Property and equipment

(h) Property and equipment

Property and equipment are initially recognized at cost. Depreciation is provided on property and equipment so as to write off their carrying value over their expected useful economic lives. Depreciation is provided at the following rates:

Plant and machinery – 7.5% per annum straight line

Fixture and fittings – 15.0% per annum straight line

Office and office related equipment – 20% per annum straight line

(i) Share-Based Payment

(i) Share-Based Payment

Share-based payment awards granted to employees and non-employees are recognized as stock option expense, with a corresponding increase in equity, over the period that the optionees become unconditionally entitled to the awards. The amount recognized as an expense is adjusted to reflect the number of awards for which the related service and non-market performance conditions are expected to be met, such that the amount ultimately recognized as an expense is based on the number of awards that meet the related service and non-market performance conditions at the vesting date.

The Group estimates the fair value of option awards using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Determining the fair value of awards under this model represents management’s best estimates, but these estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management judgment.

(j) Earnings/(loss) per Share

(j) Earnings/(loss) per Share

Basic earnings/(loss) per share is computed by dividing net profit/(loss) by the weighted-average number of ordinary shares outstanding at the end of the year.  

Warrants and options are excluded from the computation of fully diluted loss per share if their effect is anti-dilutive.

(k) Provisions

(k) Provisions

Provisions for environmental restoration, restructuring costs and legal claims are recognized when: the Group has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events; it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation; and the amount has been reliably estimated. Restructuring provisions comprise lease termination penalties and employee termination payments. Provisions are not recognized for future operating losses.

Where there are a number of similar obligations, the likelihood that an outflow will be required in settlement is determined by considering the class of obligations as a whole. A provision is recognized even if the likelihood of an outflow with respect to any one item included in the same class of obligations may be small.

Provisions are measured at the present value of the expenditures expected to be required to settle the obligation using a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the obligation. The increase in the provision due to passage of time is recognized as interest expense.

(l) Geographical Risk

(l) Geographical Risk

The Subsidiaries’ operation is located in Italy. Therefore, it is subject to local government regulations and to the uncertainties of the economic and political conditions of this area.

The overall performance is affected by the increase or decrease of the gross Italian national product. Europe experienced a general slowdown in its economy, especially in Italy during 2014 and 2015, with a slight improvement in the economic trend in Italy during 2016 and continued positive trend in 2017.

(m) Foreign currencies

(m) Foreign currencies

The financial statements of the Subsidiaries were translated from Euro to U.S. Dollars pursuant to the provisions of IAS 21 “The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates,” as follows:

· Assets and liabilities were translated using the exchange rate at the balance sheet date

· Amounts in the statement of operations were translated at an appropriate weighted average rate for the period presented

· The subsidiaries equity accounts were translated using historical exchange rates

· The translation adjustments resulting from translating the foreign entity’s financial statements are reported separately in Translation Reserve as a separate component of stockholders’ equity

(n) Business Combination

(n) Business Combination

Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method. The cost of an acquisition is the aggregate of the consideration transferred measured at the acquisition date fair value. Acquisition-related costs are expensed as incurred and included in other expenses.

When the Group acquires a business, it assesses the financial assets and liabilities assumed for appropriate classification and designation in accordance with the contractual terms, economic circumstances and pertinent conditions as of the acquisition date.

Goodwill is initially measured at cost, being the excess of the aggregate of the consideration transferred over the net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed.

After initial recognition, goodwill is measured at cost less any accumulated impairment losses. For the purpose of impairment testing, goodwill acquired in a business combination is, from the acquisition date, allocated to each of the Group’s cash-generating units that are expected to benefit from the combination, irrespective of whether other assets or liabilities of the acquiree are assigned to those units.

Goodwill is tested for impairment annually as at December 31 and when circumstances indicate that the carrying value may be impaired.

Impairment is determined for goodwill by assessing the recoverable amount of each cash-generating unit to which the goodwill relates. Where the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit is less than the carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognized. Impairment losses relating to goodwill cannot be reversed in future periods.

(o) Operating lease contracts - the Group as lessor

(o) Operating lease contracts – the Group as lessor

The Group has entered into commercial property leases on its investment property portfolio. The Group has determined, based on an evaluation of the terms and conditions of the arrangements, particularly the duration of the lease terms and minimum lease payments, that it retains all the significant risks and rewards of ownership of these properties and so accounts for the leases as operating leases.

(p) Leases - Group as lessee

(p) Leases – Group as lessee

The determination of whether an arrangement is, or contains, a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at the inception date. The arrangement is assessed for whether fulfillment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset(s) or the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset(s), even if that right is not explicitly specified in the arrangement.

Finance leases, which transfer to the Group substantially all the risks and benefits incidental to ownership of the leased item, are capitalized at the inception of the lease at the fair value of the leased property or, if lower, at the present value of the minimum lease payments.

Lease payments are apportioned between the finance charges and the reduction of the lease liability so as to achieve a constant rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. Finance charges are charged to the statements of loss and comprehensive loss as they arise.

(q) Derivative financial instruments - Initial recognition and subsequent measurement

(q) Derivative financial instruments – Initial recognition and subsequent measurement

The Group used interest rate swaps in 2016 and 2015 to hedge its risks associated with interest rates. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognized at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at fair value. Derivatives are carried as assets when the fair value is positive and as liabilities when the fair value is negative. They are carried in the consolidated statements of financial position at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in the consolidated statements of loss and comprehensive loss.

In addition, the Group issued convertible promissory notes to certain directors to provide for temporary liquidity. These convertible promissory notes are classified as convertible notes with an embedded derivative liability in accordance with IAS 32 – Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement. The embedded derivative liability is calculated first and the residual value is assigned to the debt host liability component. A host loan is accounted for at amortized cost, with an embedded derivative liability being measured at fair value with changes in value being recognized in the consolidated statements of loss and comprehensive loss.

(r) Share Capital

(r) Share Capital

Ordinary shares are classified as equity.

(s) New standards and interpretations not yet adopted

(s) New standards and interpretations not yet adopted

Standards issued but not yet effective as of the date of issuance of the Group’s financial statements are listed below. This listing of standards and interpretations issued are those that the Group reasonably expects to have on impact on disclosures, financial position or performance when applied at a future date. The Group intends to adopt these standards when they become effective.

IFRS 9 Financial instruments: Classification and Measurement

IFRS 9, as issued in 2010, reflects the first phase of the IASB’s work on the replacement of IAS 39 and applies to classification and measurement of financial assets and financial liabilities as defined in IAS 39. The standard was initially effective for annual reports beginning on or after January 1, 2013. In November 2013, Chapter 6 of IFRS on hedge accounting was published. At the same time, Chapter 7 containing the effective date and transition provisions was amended to remove the mandatory effective date of IFRS 9. Entities may still choose to apply IFRS 9 immediately, but are not required to do so.

In subsequent phases, the IASB is addressing impairment of financial assets. The adoption of the first phase of IFRS 9 will have an effect on the classification and measurement of the Group’s financial assets, but will not have an impact on classification and measurements of financial liabilities. The Group will quantify the effect in conjunction with the other phases, when the final standard including all phases is issued.

IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers

The IASB have issued a new revenue recognition standard, IFRS 15 in May 2014, which replaces all existing IFRS revenue requirements. The standard applies to all revenue contracts and provides a model for the recognition and measurement of sales of some non-financial assets. Application is required for all annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018. There are new specific requirements in respect of variable consideration such that it is only included in the transaction price if it is highly probable that the amount of revenue recognized would not be subject to significant future reversals as a result of subsequent re-estimation. The adoption of IFRS 15 is not expected to have a significant impact on the revenue recognition as the management has determined that the Company’s revenue is from leases which are outside the scope of IFRS 15.

IFRS 16 Leases

IFRS 16 specifies how an IFRS reporter will recognize, measure, present and disclose leases. The standard provides a single lessee accounting model, requiring lessees to recognize assets and liabilities for all leases unless the lease term is 12 months or less or the underlying asset has a low value. Lessors continue to classify leases as operating or finance, with IFRS 16’s approach to lessor accounting substantially unchanged from its predecessor, IAS 17.

IFRS 16 was issued in January 2016 and applies to annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2019. The effect of this to the Group’s consolidated financial statements is undetermined at this time.

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4. Depreciation, Bad Debt and Other Provisions (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Depreciation Bad Debt And Other Provisions Tables

Schedule of depreciation and bad debt provision

Details of depreciation and bad debt provision are as follows:

	2017		2016*		2015*
Depreciation of property and equipment	$	3,574	$	3,229	$	3,160
Bad debt and other provisions		63,954		–		9,814
Total depreciation, bad debt and other provisions	$	67,528	$	3,229	$	12,974

*   Restated for discontinued operations (see note 9 — Discontinued Operations)

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5. Other Expenses (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Other Expenses

Schedule of other expenses

	2017		2016*		2015*
Rental costs	$	24,012	$	–	$	6,697
Staff costs		249,624		252,850		201,423
Sundry operating expenses		623,165		202,932		283,601
Taxation on buildings		175,699		172,120		172,489
Administrative and other expenses		157,315		153,930		834,640
Maintenance expenses		260,287		260,156		244,221
Insurance costs		24,838		120,949		122,492
Legal expenses		84,886		128,166		356,775
Professional fees		329,952		488,327		489,209
Bank fees		15,919		26,407		22,023
Licenses, registration & fees		6,346		7,411		5,821
Non-employee stock based compensation		95,419		370,040		260,819
Travel expense		28,534		62,317		70,848
Total other expenses	$	2,075,996	$	2,245,605	$	3,071,058

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6. Finance Income and Costs (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Analysis of income and expense [abstract]

Schedule of finance income and costs

The details of finance income and costs on the statements of income/(loss) and comprehensive income/(loss) are as follows:

Finance income	2017		2016*		2015*
Finance income from variation of fair value on interest rate swap agreements	$	–	$	18,096	$	33,558
Other finance income		9,223		1,521		1,331
Total finance income	$	9,223	$	19,617	$	34,889

Finance costs	2017		2016*		2015*
Finance cost on note payable to underwriters and other debt	$	2,429,551	$	2,638,729	$	2,913,809
Interest expense of bank loans, revolving line of credit and finance leases		891,288		1,117,405		1,045,243
Total finance costs	$	3,320,839	$	3,756,134	$	3,959,052

*   Restated for discontinued operations (see note 9 — Discontinued Operations)

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7. Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Income Taxes

Current and deferred income tax tables

	2017			2016*			2015*
Current tax
In respect of the current year	$	166,252		$	34,261		$	183,005
In respect of the prior year		(14,227	)		6,663			(12,664	)
Others fiscal unit **		6,614			1,443			(148,834	)
		158,639			42,367			21,507
Deferred tax (see note 8 — Deferred Taxes)
In respect of the current year		15,867			(130,306	)		122,386
		15,867			(130,306	)		122,386
Total income tax expense/(benefit) recognized in the current year relating to continuing operations	$	174,506		$	(87,939	)	$	143,893

Reconciliation of income tax expense

	2017			2016*			2015*
Profit/(loss) before tax from continuing operations	$	(2,758,561	)	$	(427,636	)	$	(5,969,746	)
Income tax expense/(benefit) calculated at 27.9%, 31.4% and 31.4% for the year ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 respectively	$	(769,639	)	$	(134,278	)	$	(1,874,501	)
Effect of (income)/expenses that are exempt from taxation		–			9,795			965,868
Effect of expenses that are not deductible in determining taxable profit		235,350			180,042			460,519
Effect of unused tax losses and tax offsets not recognized as deferred tax assets		746,964			136,125			836,295
Effect of previously unrecognized and unused tax losses and deductible temporary differences now recognized as deferred tax assets		(28,760	)		(34,200	)		(34,904	)
Effect of new tax rule in fiscal unit **		6,614			(48,284	)		(148,834	)
Effect of prior year taxes		(14,227	)		6,663			(12,664	)
Effect of future change of fiscal aliquota*** on deferred taxes (previous years)		–			(261,115	)		–
Effect of future change of fiscal aliquota on deferred taxes (generated in 2016)		–			18,258			–
Others		(1,796)			39,054			(47,886	)
Income tax expense/(benefit) recognized in profit or loss relating to continuing operations (current & deferred)	$	174,506		$	(87,939	)	$	143,893

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8. Deferred Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Deferred Taxes

Deferred tax movement

	2017			2016			2015
At January 1	$	(2,557,571	)	$	(2,764,734	)	$	(3,738,082	)
Recognized directly in equity
Sale of SIM (see note 9 — Discontinued Operations)		–			–			315,325
Sale of Nova (see note 9 — Discontinued Operations)		206,679			–			–
Currency exchange difference		(383,555	)		71,026			370,358
Recognized in profit and loss
Deferred tax benefit/(expense)		(15,867)			136,137			287,665
At December 31,	$	(2,750,314	)	$	(2,557,571	)	$	(2,764,734	)

Details of deferred tax liablity

	2017		2017			2017			2017
	Asset		Liability			(Charged) / Net			Movement
Adjustment for IFRS purposes (deductible/taxable for local tax rules in future fiscal years)
Writing off of intangibles	$	507,880	$	–		$	507,880		$	59,767
Writing off of tangibles		–		(48,009	)		(48,009	)		11,164
Accounting of lease contracts according to IAS 17		–		(1,997,805	)		(1,997,805	)		191,956
Accounting of investment properties according to fair value		–		(948,648	)		(948,648	)		(225,124	)
Loss on investments (internal restructuring)		–		(263,732	)		(263,732	)		–
Other temporary differences
Bad debt provision		–		–			–			2,780
Others		–		–			–			(24,676	)
Total	$	507,880	$	(3,258,194	)	$	(2,750,314	)	$	15,867

	2016		2016			2016			2016*
	Asset		Liabilities			(Charged) / Net			Movement
Adjustment for IFRS purposes (deductible/taxable for local tax rules in future fiscal years)
Writing off of intangibles	$	501,880	$	–		$	501,880		$	97,213
Writing off of tangibles		–		(149,164	)		(149,164	)		8,424
Accounting of lease contracts according to IAS 17		–		(1,574,288	)		(1,574,289	)		14,091
Accounting of investment properties according to fair value		–		(1,107,110	)		(1,107,110	)		(272,437	)
Mark to market on derivative instruments		–		–			–			53,034
Loss on investments (internal restructuring)		–		(231,484	)		(231,484	)		(30,470	)
Other temporary differences
Bad debt provision		2,596		–			2,596			397
Provision for risk		–		–			–			217
Others		–		–			–			(775	)
Total	$	504,476	$	(3,062,046	)	$	(2,557,571	)	$	(130,306	)

	2015		2015			2015			2015*
	Asset		Liabilities			(Charged) / Net			Movement
Adjustment for IFRS purposes (deductible/taxable for local tax rules in future fiscal years)
Writing off of intangibles	$	611,712	$	–		$	611,712		$	48,844
Writing off of tangibles		–		(120,387	)		(120,387	)		12,234
Accounting of lease contracts according to IAS 17		–		(1,606,270	)		(1,606,270	)		253,125
Accounting of investment properties according to fair value		–		(1,436,973	)		(1,436,973	)		(481,360	)
Mark to market on derivative instruments		52,013		–			52,013			10,537
Loss on investments (internal restructuring)		–		(268,103	)		(268,103	)		273,955
Other temporary differences
Bad debt provision		3,061		–			3,061			5,538
Others		213		–			213			(487	)
Total	$	666,999	$	(3,431,733	)	$	(2,764,734	)	$	(122,386	)

*Restated for discontinued operations (see note 9 — Discontinued Operations)

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9. Discontinued Operations (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

SIM [Member]

Statement Line Items [Line Items]

Summary of operations for discontinued entities

Rental income	$	65,110
Other revenues		9,021
Expenses		(96,857	)
Operating (loss)/income		(22,726	)
Finance costs		(18,564	)
Loss before tax from discontinued operations		(41,290	)
Deferred tax expense		(15,488	)
Net loss from discontinued operations		(56,778	)
Loss on foreign currency exchange on discontinued operation		(248,359	)
Loss from discontinued operations	$	(305,137	)

Loss per share:
Basic loss per share from discontinued operations	$	(0.13	)
Diluted loss per share from discontinued operations	$	(0.13	)

Net cash flows from discontinued operations

Operating	$	377,117
Investing		(1,339	)
Financing		(389,425	)
Net cash outflow	$	(13,647	)

Condensed statement of financial position from discontinued operations

Investment properties	$	2,672,288
Other current assets		(255,710	)
Total assets	$	2,416,578
Stockholder's equity	$	912,255
Loans & borrowings		1,382,295
Other Liabilities		122,028
Total equity and liabilities	$	2,416,578

Nova [Member]

Statement Line Items [Line Items]

Summary of operations for discontinued entities

The results of Nova for the year ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 are presented below:

(in US $)	2017			2016			2015
Rental income	$	167,940		$	128,261		$	205,355
Other revenues		24,842			2,766			2,479
Expenses		(318,211	)		(149,000	)		(173,275	)
Net fair value loss on revaluation of investment property		(84,150	)		(71,968	)		(1,436,932	)
Operating (loss)/income		(209,579	)		(89,941	)		(1,402,373	)
Finance costs		(146,249	)		(213,108	)		(213,864	)
Loss before tax from discontinued operations		(355,828	)		(303,049	)		(1,616,237	)
Tax expenses, current		144			71,772			63,276
Deferred tax (expense)/credit		(8,250	)		5,830			410,051
Net loss from discontinued operations		(363,934	)		(225,447	)		(1,142,910	)
Loss on sale of subsidiary		(135,200	)		–			–
Loss on foreign currency exchange on discontinued operation		(254,935	)		–			–
Loss from discontinued operations	$	(754,069	)	$	(225,447	)	$	(1,142,910	)

Loss per share:	2017			2016			2015
Basic loss for the year from discontinued operations	$	(0.39	)	$	(0.12	)	$	(0.50	)
Diluted loss for the year from discontinued operations	$	(0.39	)	$	(0.12	)		(0.50	)

Net cash flows from discontinued operations

	2017			2016			2015
Operating	$	61,784		$	(92,130	)	$	(43,269	)
Investing		–			162,769			(3,400	)
Financing		(46,376	)		(69,770	)		40,416
Net cash inflow/(outflow)	$	15,408		$	869		$	(6,253	)

Condensed statement of financial position from discontinued operations

Investment properties	$	5,806,528
Other current assets		68,884
Total assets	$	5,875,412
Stockholder's equity	$	166,246
Loans & borrowing		4,853,590
Other liabilities		855,576
Total equity and liabilities	$	5,875,412

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10. Financial Instruments - Risk Management (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Financial Instruments - Risk Management

Disclosure of financial assets

Financial assets

	December 31, 2017		December 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
Cash and cash equivalents	$	58,143	$	55,393	$	134,574
Trade and other receivables		407,010		900,077		842,879
Total financial assets	$	465,153	$	955,470	$	977,453

Disclosure of financial liabilities

Financial liabilities

	December 31, 2017				December 31, 2016				December 31, 2015
	Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss		Financial liabilities at amortized cost		Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss		Financial liabilities at amortized cost		Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss		Financial liabilities at amortized cost
Trade and other payables	$	–	$	6,409,094	$	–	$	5,994,904	$	–	$	5,372,684
Loans and borrowings and notes payable		–		26,572,080		–		27,802,729		–		28,136,250
Derivatives financial liabilities		1,859,700		–		794,235		–		2,733,836		–
Total financial liabilities	$	1,859,700	$	32,981,174	$	794,235	$	33,797,633	$	2,733,836	$	33,508,934

Disclosure of fair value measurement of liabilities

Financial instruments measured at fair value

	Fair value measurements at December 31, 2017 using
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial liabilities
Derivative financial liabilities – convertible promissory notes	$	–	$	1,859,700	$	–

	Fair value measurements at December 31, 2016 using
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial liabilities
Derivative financial liabilities – convertible promissory notes	$	–	$	794,235	$	–

	Fair value measurements at December 31, 2015 using
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial liabilities	$		$		$
Derivative financial liabilities – convertible promissory notes		–		2,568,188		–
Derivative financial liabilities – interest rate swap agreement		–		165,648		–
Total financial liabilities	$	–	$	2,733,836	$	–

Disclosure for cash held

The Group’s cash is held with the following institutions:

Description	Rating		December 31, 2017		December 31, 2016		December 31, 2015
Cassa Rurale e Artigiana di Binasco Credito Coorperativo		N/A	$	19,225	$	28,016	$	87,046
Banca Intesa Sanpaolo		BBB		17,906		1,556		1,200
First Republic Bank		A-		7,363		4,467		22,989
Banca Cassa di Risparmio di Asti		N/A		5,755		5,296		6,527
Banca Popolare di Vicenza		CCC		5,570		8,942		10,244
ING Luxembourg		A+		2,050		2,980		2,831
Bank of China		A		–		3,246		1,406
Banca Popolare Commercio e Industria		C+		–		417		1,781
M&T Bank		A-		–		–		427
Total cash at bank			$	57,869	$	54,920	$	134,451

Disclosure of maturity analysis for derivative financial liabilities

The following table sets out the contractual maturities (representing undiscounted contractual cash-flows) of financial liabilities:

At December 31, 2017	Up to 1 year		Between 1 and 5 years		Over 5 years		Total
Trade and other payables	$	6,389,497	$	19,597	$	–	$	6,409,094
Loans and borrowings		4,438,354		3,967,793		14,178,454		22,584,601
Notes payable to stockholders		3,987,479		–		–		3,987,479
Derivative financial liabilities		1,859,700		–		–		1,859,700
Total	$	16,675,030	$	3,987,390	$	14,178,454	$	34,840,874

At December 31, 2016	Up to 1 year		Between 1 and 5 years		Over 5 years		Total
Trade and other payables	$	5,914,549	$	80,355	$	–	$	5,994,904
Loans and borrowings		4,206,847		5,021,073		16,089,243		25,317,163
Notes payable to stockholders		2,516,981		–		–		2,516,981
Derivative financial liabilities		794,235		–		–		794,235
Total	$	13,432,612	$	5,101,428	$	16,089,243	$	34,623,283

At December 31, 2015	Up to 1 year		Between 1 and 5 years		Over 5 years		Total
Trade and other payables	$	5,372,684	$	–	$	–	$	5,372,684
Loans and borrowings		5,087,208		4,034,053		17,686,726		26,807,987
Notes payable to stockholders		1,328,263		–		–		1,328,263
Derivative financial liabilities		2,733,836		–		–		2,733,836
Total	$	14,521,991	$	4,034,053	$	17,686,726	$	36,242,770

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11. Operating Leases - Group as Lessor (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Operating Leases - Group As Lessor Tables

Schedule of future minimum rental receivables

	2017
Within 1 year	$	2,035,573
After 1 year, but not more than 5 years		5,498,899
More than 5 years		94,939
Total	$	7,629,411

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12. Earnings/(loss) per share (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Earningsloss Per Share Tables

Schedule of potentially dilutive securities

Potentially dilutive securities include:

	Year ended December 31, 2017		Year ended December 31, 2016		Year ended December 31, 2015
Warrants to purchase common stock		6,733,292		6,733,292		7,241,054
Common stock in the unit purchase option for underwriters		–		–		215,000
Options in the unit purchase option for underwriters to purchase common stock		–		–		215,000
Convertible promissory notes issued to underwriters and other related parties subject to possible conversion		99,243		99,243		113,385
Convertible promissory notes issued to shareholder subject to possible conversion		2,833,344		1,744,603		1,392,602
Options to purchase common stock		473,944		374,650		107,813
Total potential dilutive securities		10,139,823		8,951,788		9,284,854

Schedule of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share

Basic loss per share	2017			2016*			2015*
From continuing operations	$	(1.50	)	$	(0.17	)	$	(2.66	)
From discontinued operations		(0.39	)		(0.12	)		(0.63	)
Total basic loss per share	$	(1.89	)	$	(0.29	)	$	(3.29	)

Diluted loss per share	2017			2016			2015
From continuing operations	$	(1.50	)	$	(0.17	)	$	(2.66	)
From discontinued operations		(0.39	)		(0.12	)		(0.63	)
Total diluted loss per share	$	(1.89	)	$	(0.29	)	$	(3.29	)

Schedule of earnings/(loss) and weighted average number of ordinary shares

The loss and weighted average number of ordinary shares used in the calculation of basic earnings/(loss) per share for the year ended December 31 are as follows:

Basic loss per share	2017			2016*			2015*
Loss from continuing operations used in the calculation of basic loss per share	$	(2,933,067	)	$	(339,697	)	$	(6,113,639	)
Loss from discontinued operations used in the calculation of basic loss per share from discontinued operations		(363,934	)		(225,447	)		(1,448,047	)
Loss on sale of subsidiary		(135,200	)		–			–
Loss on foreign currency exchange on discontinued operations		(254,935	)		–			–
Loss used in the calculation of basic loss per share	$	(3,687,136	)	$	(565,144	)	$	(7,561,686	)
Weighted average number of ordinary shares for basic loss per share		1,949,061			1,954,651			2,299,462

The loss and weighted average number of ordinary shares used in the calculation of diluted loss per share for the year ended December 31 are as follows:

Diluted loss per share	2017			2016*			2015*
Loss from continuing operations used in the calculation of diluted loss per share	$	(2,933,067	)	$	(339,697	)	$	(6,113,639	)
Loss from discontinued operations used in the calculation of basic loss per share from discontinued operations		(363,934	)		(225,447	)		(1,448,047	)
Loss on sale of subsidiary		(135,200	)		–			–
Loss on foreign currency exchange on discontinued operations		(254,935	)		–			–
Loss used in the calculation of diluted loss per share	$	(3,687,136	)	$	(565,144	)	$	(7,561,686	)
Weighted average number of ordinary shares used in the calculation of basic loss per share		1,949,061			1,954,651			2,299,462
Weighted average number of ordinary shares used in the calculation of diluted loss per share		1,949,061			1,954,651			2,299,462

*Restated for discontinued operations (see note 9 — Discontinued Operations)

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13. Property and Equipment (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Property And Equipment Tables

Schedule of property and equipment

Cost or valuation	Plant and machinery			Industrial and commercial equipment			Office and office-related equipment			Total
Balance at January 1, 2015	$	234,350		$	989		$	11,997		$	247,336
Additions		5,271			–			5,289			10,560
Disposals		(134,448	)		–			–			(134,448	)
Revaluations		(15,307	)		(91	)		(511	)		(15,909	)
Balance at December 31, 2015	$	89,866		$	898		$	16,775		$	107,539
Additions		–			–			1,480			1,480
Disposals		–			–			–			–
Revaluations		(120	)		(22	)		(211	)		(353	)
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	89,746		$	876		$	18,044		$	108,666
Additions		289			–			2,104			2,393
Disposals		(1,207	)		–			(2,104	)		(3,311	)
Revaluations		457			150			831			1,438
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	89,285		$	1,026		$	18,875		$	109,186

Schedule of accumulated depreciation

Accumulated depreciation	Plant and machinery		Industrial and commercial equipment		Office and office-related equipment		Total
Balance at January 1, 2015	$	85,179	$	108	$	5,105	$	90,392
Depreciation charge for the year		469		–		3,114		3,583
Balance at December 31, 2015	$	85,648	$	108	$	8,219	$	93,975
Depreciation charge for the year		495		–		3,149		3,644
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	86,143	$	108	$	11,368	$	97,619
Depreciation charge for the year		855		–		3,098		3,953
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	86,998	$	108	$	14,466	$	101,572
Property and equipment, net at December 31, 2015	$	4,218	$	790	$	8,556	$	13,564
Property and equipment, net at December 31, 2016	$	3,603	$	768	$	6,676	$	11,047
Property and equipment, net at December 31, 2017	$	2,287	$	918	$	4,409	$	7,614

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14. Investment Properties (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Investment Properties Tables

Schedule of investment properties

Cost or valuation	Investment Properties
Balance at January 1, 2015	$	47,629,537
Additions		–
Disposals		(3,412,482	)
Revaluation adjustment		(2,271,703	)
Currency exchange rate adjustment		(4,538,269	)
Balance at December 31, 2015	$	37,407,083
Additions		–
Disposals		–
Revaluation adjustment		(563,477	)
Currency exchange rate adjustment		(1,057,553	)
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	35,786,053
Additions		–
Disposals		(5,893,888	)
Revaluation adjustment		(858,371	)
Currency exchange rate adjustment		4,796,108
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	33,829,902

Schedule of details of the investment properties

Location, address	2017 Fair Value, Level 3		2016 Fair Value, Level 3		2015 Fair Value, Level 3
Milano, Corso Europa 22	$	–	$	5,339,312	$	5,565,238
Buccinasco, Via Lucania 2-4-6		18,982,736		16,492,776		17,396,117
Buccinasco, Via Privata Mulino 24		1,130,068		981,336		1,096,759
Buccinasco, Via Lazio 95		3,907,149		3,703,752		3,887,522
Buccinasco, Via Bruno Buozzi 22		180,330		849,436		879,579
Buccinasco, Via Emilia 30		180,330		162,501		166,143
Rozzano, Milanofiori, Building A5		2,789,103		2,437,512		2,454,134
Rozzano, Milanofiori, Building N1		3,847,039		3,397,744		3,464,021
Rozzano, Milanofiori, Building Q5		1,154,112		1,018,268		1,031,605
Rozzano, Milanofiori, Building Q7		1,659,035		1,403,416		1,465,965
Total	$	33,829,902	$	35,786,053	$	37,407,083

Schedule of unobservable inputs

The summary of the unobservable inputs used for the year ended December 31, 2017 are as follows:

Property		Fair Value	Valuation technique	Key unobservable inputs	Inputs used
Buccinasco, Via Lucania 2-4-6	$	18,982,736	DCF	ERV	$96 per sq. meter
				Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.50%
				Discount rate	8.50%
				Cap rate	7.5%
Buccinasco, Via Privata Mulino 24		1,130,068	DCF	ERV	$213 per sq. meter
				Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.50%
				Discount rate	7.30%
				Cap rate	6.9%
Buccinasco, Via Lazio 95		3,907,149	DCF	ERV	$82 per sq. meter - warehouse $117 per sq meter - office
				Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.50%
				Discount rate	8.60%
				Cap rate	7.5%
Buccinasco, Via Bruno Buozzi 22		180,330	DCF	ERV	$117 per sq. meter
				Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.50%
				Discount rate	6.80%
				Cap rate	5.6%
Buccinasco, Via Emilia 30		180,330	DCF	ERV	$69 per sq. meter, $481 per parking space
				Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.50%
				Discount rate	8.70%
				Cap rate	7.6%
Rozzano, Milanofiori, Building A5		2,789,103	DCF	ERV	$153 per sq. meter - offices, $166 per sq. meter commercial area $48 per sq. meter - cellars, $1,082 per parking space
				Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.50%
				Discount rate	6.80%
				Cap rate	5.6%
Rozzano, Milanofiori, Building N1		3,847,039	DCF	ERV	$84 - $153 per s. meter
				Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.50%
				Discount rate	6.80%
				Cap rate	5.6%
Rozzano, Milanofiori, Building Q5		1,154,112	DCF	ERV	$153 per sq. meter, $1,082 per parking space
				Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.50%
				Discount rate	6.80%
				Cap rate	5.6%
Rozzano, Milanofiori, Building Q7		1,659,035	DCF	ERV	$153 per sq. meter, $1,082 per parking space
				Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.50%
				Discount rate	6.80%
				Cap rate	5.6%
Total	$	33,829,902

The summary of the unobservable inputs used for the year ended December 31, 2016 are as follows:

Property		Fair Value	Valuation technique	Key unobservable inputs	Inputs used
Milano, Corso Europa 22	$	5,339,312	DCF	ERV	$475 per sq. meter
				Rental growth p.a.	0.975% to 1.5%
				Discount rate	4.96%
				Cap rate	4.3%
Buccinasco, Via Lucania 2-4-6		16,492,776	DCF	ERV	$88 per sq. meter
				Rental growth p.a.	0.975% to 1.5%
				Discount rate	8.56%
				Cap rate	7.5%
Buccinasco, Via Privata Mulino 24		981,336	DCF	ERV	$185 per sq. meter
				Rental growth p.a.	0.975% to 1.5%
				Discount rate	7.36%
				Cap rate	6.9%
Buccinasco, Via Lazio 95		3,703,752	DCF	ERV	$73 - $103 per sq. meter
				Rental growth p.a.	0.975% to 1.5%
				Discount rate	8.66%
				Cap rate	7.5%
Buccinasco, Via Bruno Buozzi 22		849,436	DCF	ERV	$103 per sq. meter
				Rental growth p.a.	0.975% to 1.5%
				Discount rate	6.86%
				Cap rate	5.6%

Property		Fair Value	Valuation technique	Key unobservable inputs	Inputs used
Buccinasco, Via Emilia 30		162,501	DCF	ERV	$61 per sq. meter, $422 per parking space
				Rental growth p.a.	0.975% to 1.5%
				Discount rate	8.76%
				Cap rate	7.6%
Rozzano, Milanofiori, Building A5		2,437,512	DCF	ERV	$135 per sq. meter, $950 per parking space
				Rental growth p.a.	0.975% to 1.5%
				Discount rate	6.86%
				Cap rate	5.6%
Rozzano, Milanofiori, Building N1		3,397,744	DCF	ERV	$74 - $135 per sq. meter
				Rental growth p.a.	0.975% to 1.5%
				Discount rate	6.86%
				Cap rate	5.6%
Rozzano, Milanofiori, Building Q5		1,018,268	DCF	ERV	$135 per sq. meter, $950 per parking space
				Rental growth p.a.	0.975% to 1.5%
				Discount rate	6.86%
				Cap rate	5.6%
Rozzano, Milanofiori, Building Q7		1,403,416	DCF	ERV	$135 per sq. meter, $950 per parking space
				Rental growth p.a.	0.975% to 1.5%
				Discount rate	6.86%
				Cap rate	5.6%
Total	$	35,786,053

The summary of the unobservable inputs used for the year ended December 31, 2015 are as follows:

Property		Fair Value	Valuation technique	Key unobservable inputs	Inputs used
Milano, Corso Europa 22	$	5,565,238	DCF	ERV	$499 per sq. meter
				Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.5%
				Discount rate	4.96%
				Cap rate	4.3%
Buccinasco, Via Lucania 2-4-6		17,396,117	DCF	ERV	$91 per sq. meter
				Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.5%
				Discount rate	8.46%
				Cap rate	7.4%
Buccinasco, Via Privata Mulino 24		1,096,759	DCF	ERV	$192 per sq. meter
				Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.5%
				Discount rate	7.26%
				Cap rate	6.8%
Buccinasco, Via Lazio 95		3,887,522	DCF	ERV	$75 - $106 per sq. meter
				Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.5%
				Discount rate	8.56%
				Cap rate	7.4%
Buccinasco, Via Bruno Buozzi 22		879,579	DCF	ERV	$106 per sq. meter
				Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.5%
				Discount rate	6.86%
				Cap rate	5.6%
Buccinasco, Via Emilia 30		166,143	DCF	ERV	$64 per sq. meter, $434 per parking space
				Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.5%
				Discount rate	8.66%
				Cap rate	7.5%
Rozzano, Milanofiori, Building A5		2,454,134	DCF	ERV	$139 per sq. meter, $977 per parking space
				Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.5%
				Discount rate	6.86%
				Cap rate	5.6%
Rozzano, Milanofiori, Building N1		3,464,021	DCF	ERV	$76 - $139 per sq. meter
				Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.5%
				Discount rate	6.86%
				Cap rate	5.6%
Rozzano, Milanofiori, Building Q5		1,031,605	DCF	ERV	$139 per sq. meter, $977 per parking space
				Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.5%
				Discount rate	6.86%
				Cap rate	5.6%
Rozzano, Milanofiori, Building Q7		1,465,965	DCF	ERV	$139 per sq. meter, $977 per parking space
				Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.5%
				Discount rate	6.86%
				Cap rate	5.6%
Total	$	37,407,083

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15. Trade and Other Receivables (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Trade And Other Receivables Tables

Schedule of Trade and other receivables

Trade and other receivables consist of the following at December 31:

	2017			2016			2015
Trade receivables	$	136,224		$	154,642		$	686,745
Less: bad debt provision		(54,303	)		(50,426	)		(488,978	)
Trade receivables, net		81,921			104,216			197,767
Other receivables (taxes receivable, unbilled revenue and maintenance charges)		325,089			652,724			645,112
Total trade and other receivables, net current portion	$	407,010		$	756,940		$	842,879
Other receivables - taxes receivables	$	–		$	143,137		$	–
Total trade and other receivables, net non-current portion	$	–		$	143,147		$	–

Schedule of bad debt provision

Details of the Group’s bad debt provision at December 31 are as follows:

	2017			2016			2015
At January 1	$	50,426		$	488,978		$	521,111
Provided during the year		40,022			–			29,313
Receivable written off during the year as uncollectible		(30,846	)		(35,612	)		(19,092	)
Unused amount reversed		(12,323	)		(389,116	)		(30,840	)
Currency exchange rate and other adjustment		7,024			(13,824	)		(11,514	)
At December 31	$	54,303		$	50,426		$	488,978

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16. Cash and Cash Equivalents (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Cash and cash equivalents [abstract]

Schedule of cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents at December 31 is comprised of the following:

	2017		2016		2015
Cash at bank	$	57,869	$	54,920	$	134,451
Cash on hand		274		473		123
Total cash and cash equivalent	$	58,143	$	55,393	$	134,574

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18. Loans and Borrowings (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Loans And Borrowings

Schedule of loans and borrowings

The book value of loans and borrowings consist of the following:

Loans and borrowings	2017		2016		2015
Non-current
Bank loans	$	–	$	4,179,528	$	4,301,125
Finance lease creditor		17,148,421		16,054,972		16,518,357
Other loans		997,826		875,816		901,297
Total non-current		18,146,247		21,110,316		21,720,779
Current
Revolving lines of credit		812,913		711,675		680,075
Bank loans		1,604,426		1,683,705		1,660,946
Finance lease creditor		1,131,182		921,634		1,856,354
Other loans		889,833		889,833		889,833
Total current		4,438,354		4,206,847		5,087,208
Total loans and borrowings	$	22,584,601	$	25,317,163	$	26,807,987

Schedule of bank loans by expiry date and rate

The tables below show the detail of bank loans by expiry date and rate. All bank loan contracts provide for floating rates.

2017	Floating rate		Total
Expiry within 1 year	$	1,604,426	$	1,604,426
Expiry within 1 and 5 years		–		–
Expiry in more than 5 years		–		–
Total	$	1,604,426	$	1,604,426

2016	Floating rate		Total
Expiry within 1 year (current)	$	1,683,705	$	1,683,705
Expiry within 1 and 5 years (non-current)		1,438,478		1,438,478
Expiry in more than 5 years (non-current)		2,741,050		2,741,050
Total	$	5,863,233	$	5,863,233

2015	Floating rate		Total
Expiry within 1 year (current)	$	1,660,946	$	1,660,946
Expiry within 1 and 5 years (non-current)		1,507,833		1,507,833
Expiry in more than 5 years (non-current)		2,793,292		2,793,292
Total	$	5,962,071	$	5,962,071

Schedule of revolving lines of credit

The Group has outstanding balances at December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 as follows:

2017	Floating rate		Fixed rate		Total
Expiry within 1 year	$	408,042	$	404,871	$	812,913
Expiry within 1 and 5 years		–		–		–
Expiry in more than 5 years		–		–		–
Total	$	408,042	$	404,871	$	812,913

2016	Floating rate		Fixed rate		Total
Expiry within 1 year (current)	$	356,309	$	355,366	$	711,675
Expiry within 1 and 5 years (non-current)		–		–		–
Expiry in more than 5 years (non-current)		–		–		–
Total	$	356,309	$	355,366	$	711,675

2015	Floating rate		Fixed rate		Total
Expiry within 1 year (current)	$	318,063	$	362,012	$	680,075
Expiry within 1 and 5 years (non-current)		–		–		–
Expiry in more than 5 years (non-current)		–		–		–
Total	$	318,063	$	362,012	$	680,075

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19. Finance Leases (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Finance Leases

Schedule of future minimum lease payments

Future minimum lease payments due are as follows:

2017	Minimum lease payments		Interest		Present value
Less than one year	$	2,180,616	$	1,049,434	$	1,131,182
Later than one year and not later than five years		7,236,202		3,231,225		3,967,793
Later than five years		16,296,170		3,115,542		13,180,628
Total	$	25,712,988	$	7,396,201	$	18,279,603

2016	Minimum lease payments		Interest		Present value
Less than one year	$	1,920,618	$	998,984	$	921,634
Later than one year and not later than five years		6,739,259		3,156,663		3,582,596
Later than five years		16,073,358		3,600,982		12,472,376
Total	$	24,733,235	$	7,756,629	$	16,976,606

2015	Minimum lease payments		Interest		Present value
Less than one year	$	3,514,879	$	1,658,525	$	1,856,354
Later than one year and not later than five years		5,952,787		3,426,567		2,526,220
Later than five years		18,934,300		4,942,163		13,992,137
Total	$	28,401,966	$	10,027,255	$	18,374,711

Schedule of present value of the future minimum lease payments

The present value of the future minimum lease payments are categorized as follows:

	2017		2016		2015
Current liabilities	$	1,131,182	$	921,634	$	1,856,354
Non-current liabilities		17,148,421		16,054,972		16,518,357
Total	$	18,279,603	$	16,976,606	$	18,374,711

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22. Trade and Other Payables (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Related Party Transactions And Balances

Schedule of trade and other payables

Details of trade and other payables at December 31 are as follows:

	2017		2016		2015
Accrued expenses	$	2,716,238	$	2,789,476	$	2,863,516
Interest payables		1,061,346		796,175		560,835
Trade account payables		2,593,584		2,295,501		1,834,773
Other payables - social security payments		18,329		33,397		113,560
Total trade and other payables, current	$	6,389,497	$	5,914,549	$	5,372,684
Other payables - social security payments	$	3,568	$	63,143	$	–
Other payables - property taxes payments		16,029		17,212		–
Total trade and other payables, non-current	$	19,597	$	80,355	$	–

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23. Other Liabilities and Other Deferred Income (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Other Liabilities And Other Deferred Income

Schedule of accrued expenses and other deferred income

	2017		2016		2015
Other deferred income	$	306,055	$	301,800	$	276,496
Other liabilities		2,797		–		82,138
Total other liabilities and other deferred income	$	308,852	$	301,800	$	358,634

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24. Derivative Financial Liabilities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Derivative Financial Liabilities Tables

Schedule of total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments

The fair value of the Group’s convertible promissory notes derivatives is determined by Management using a valuation model based on certain inputs that are observable.

	2017		2016		2015
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Conversion feature on promissory notes	$	1,859,700	$	794,235	$	2,568,188
Interest rate swaps		–	$	–	$	165,648
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments	$	1,859,700	$	794,235	$	2,733,836

Schedule of observable inputs used

The summary of the observable inputs used for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 are as follow:

	Year ended December 31, 2017		Year ended December 31, 2016		Year ended December 31, 2015
Conversion price		$1.30 - $1.80		$1.40 - $3.55		$1.40 - $3.55
Stock price		$1.30 - $1.98		$1.80 - $3.55		$1.25 - $4.00
Risk-free interest rate		0.82% - 1.90%		0.44% - 0.92%		0.09% - 0.71%
Expected term (in years)		0.01 - 1		0.01 - 1		0.09 - 1
Average stock price volatility		80.08%		100.60%		141.03%

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25. Provisions (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Provisions Tables

Schedule of provisions

As of December 31, provisions are comprised of the following:

	2017		2016		2015
Post-employment benefits	$	37,363	$	35,734	$	22,464
Tax liabilities		5,338		4,474		5,364
Other provisions		28,012		–		142,514
Total provisions	$	70,713	$	40,208	$	170,342

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26. Share-Based Payment (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Share-based Payment Tables

Schedule of stock option activity

	Number of shares			Weighted average exercise price per share		Weighted average remaining contractual term (in years)		Aggregate intrinsic value
Outstanding at January 1, 2015		77,000		$	0.669		4.40	$	67,414
Granted		125,500			–		–		346,280
Exercised		–			–		–		–
Cancelled		–			–		–		–
Outstanding at December 31, 2015		202,500		$	2.759		5.00		413,693
Granted		313,000			–		–		329,871
Exercised		–			–		–		–
Cancelled		(31,250	)		–		–		–
Outstanding at December 31, 2016		484,250		$	1.132		4.69	$	743,564
Granted		–			–		–		–
Exercised		(2,900	)		–		–		–
Cancelled		(7,500	)		–		–		(2,400	)
Outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2017		473,850		$	1.132		3.85	$	741,164

Schedule of unvested stock option activity

The following table summarizes the unvested stock option activity during the period from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2017:

	Number of shares
Unvested January 1, 2015		62,031
Granted		125,500
Vested		(92,844	)
Cancelled		–
Unvested December 31, 2015		94,687
Granted		313,000
Vested		(266,837	)
Cancelled		(31,250	)
Unvested December 31, 2016		109,600
Granted		–
Vested		(99,249	)
Cancelled		(7,500	)
Unvested December 31, 2017		2,851

Schedule ofstock options using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model

The fair value assigned to the vested increments of these awards was estimated at the grant date of the stock options using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions:

	Year ended December 31, 2016		Year ended December 31, 2015
Stock price		$1.80 - $3.55		$1.25 - $4.00
Risk-free interest rate		0.94% - 2.10%		1.18% - 1.81%
Expected term (in years)		5.0		5.0
Weighted average expected stock price volatility		34.28%		71.32%
Expected dividend yield		0%		0%
Weighted average grant-date fair value of options granted	$	1.0539	$	2.7592

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28. Capital Management (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Capital Management

Schedule of finance lease as current loans and borrowing

As a result, Management has not classified the full portion of this affected finance lease as current loans and borrowing as of December 31, 2017 and 2016.

	2017		2016		2015
Carrying amount of loans and borrowings	$	22,584,601	$	25,317,163	$	26,807,987
External valuation of completed investment property		33,829,902		35,786,053		37,407,083
Loan to value ratio		67%		71%		72%

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29. Tenant Concentrations (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Tenant Concentrations Tables

Schedule of annual rental revenue

The Group’s major tenants that represented more than 10% of the Group’s annual rental revenue for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 (with and without SIM) are as follows:

Tenant	2017		2016*		2015*
Microelettrica		59.61%		59.53%		59.62%

*Restated for discontinued operations (see note 9 — Discontinued Operations)

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1. Corporate Information and Plan of Business Operations (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017	Nov. 10, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Jul. 07, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014	Dec. 18, 2014	Sep. 30, 2013
Statement Line Items [Line Items]
Aggregate shares transferred								1,719,317
Share price, per share								$ 10.96
Fair value of consideration transferred								$ 18,843,714
Number of shares outstanding	1,903,723		1,954,651	1,954,651
Treasury Shares [Member]
Statement Line Items [Line Items]
Number of shares outstanding	139,628		85,800	85,800		0
Ordinary shares [Member]
Statement Line Items [Line Items]
Number of shares outstanding								3,635,344
Subsidiaries [Member]
Statement Line Items [Line Items]
Percentage of interest acquired								100.00%
Subsidiaries [Member] | Purchase Agreement [Member]
Statement Line Items [Line Items]
Number of shares exchanged in discontinued operations							497,308
Subsidiaries [Member] | Ordinary shares [Member] | Purchase Agreement [Member]
Statement Line Items [Line Items]
Number of shares outstanding							2,682,413
Nova S.r.l. (Nova) [Member]
Statement Line Items [Line Items]
Percentage of interest acquired								100.00%
Nova S.r.l. (Nova) [Member] | Ordinary shares [Member] | Option Agreement [Member]
Statement Line Items [Line Items]
Exercise of options returned								50,000
Delfin S.r.l. (Delfin) [Member]
Statement Line Items [Line Items]
Percentage of interest acquired								100.00%
SIM S.r.l. (SIM) [Member]
Statement Line Items [Line Items]
Percentage of interest acquired								100.00%
SIM S.r.l. (SIM) [Member] | Purchase Agreement [Member]
Statement Line Items [Line Items]
Number of shares exchanged in discontinued operations					220,000
Number of shares cancelled in discontinued operations					134,200
SIM S.r.l. (SIM) [Member] | Purchase Agreement [Member] | Treasury Shares [Member]
Statement Line Items [Line Items]
Number of shares outstanding					85,800
SIM S.r.l. (SIM) [Member] | Ordinary shares [Member] | Purchase Agreement [Member]
Statement Line Items [Line Items]
Number of shares outstanding					2,294,332
Dieci Real Estate S.r.l. (Dieci) [Member]
Statement Line Items [Line Items]
Percentage of interest acquired								100.00%
Ellegi S.r.l. (Ellegi) [Member]
Statement Line Items [Line Items]
Percentage of interest acquired								100.00%
G.S.I. S.r.l. (GSI) [Member]
Statement Line Items [Line Items]
Percentage of interest acquired								100.00%
Magfin S.r.l. (Magfin) [Member]
Statement Line Items [Line Items]
Percentage of interest acquired								100.00%
Imperatrice S.r.l. (Imperatrice) [Member]
Statement Line Items [Line Items]
Percentage of interest acquired				100.00%
Nova [Member] | Purchase Agreement [Member]
Statement Line Items [Line Items]
Number of shares exchanged in discontinued operations		53,828

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2. Basis of Presentation (Details Narrative) - Purchase Agreement [Member] - shares	Nov. 10, 2017	Jul. 07, 2015	Dec. 18, 2014
Subsidiaries [Member]
Disclosure of subsidiaries [line items]
Number of shares exchanged in discontinued operations			497,308
SIM S.r.l. (SIM) [Member]
Disclosure of subsidiaries [line items]
Number of shares exchanged in discontinued operations		220,000
Nova [Member]
Disclosure of subsidiaries [line items]
Number of shares exchanged in discontinued operations	53,828

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3. Significant Accounting Policies (Details Narrative)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Significant Accounting Policies Details Narrative

Property and equipment, depreciation rates

Plant and machinery – 7.5% per annum straight line

Fixture and fittings – 15.0% per annum straight line

Office and office related equipment – 20% per annum straight line

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4. Depreciation, Bad Debt and Other Provisions (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	[1]	Dec. 31, 2015	[1]
Depreciation Bad Debt And Other Provisions Details
Depreciation of property and equipment	$ 3,574	$ 3,229		$ 3,160
Bad debt and other provisions	63,954	0		9,814
Total depreciation, bad debt and other provisions	$ 67,528	$ 3,229		$ 12,974

[1] Restated for discontinued operations (see note 9 - Discontinued Operations).

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5. Other Expenses (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	[1]	Dec. 31, 2015	[1]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Total other expenses	$ 2,075,996	$ 2,245,605		$ 3,071,058
Rental costs [Member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Total other expenses	24,012	0		6,697
Staff costs [Member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Total other expenses	249,624	252,850		201,423
Sundry operating expenses [Member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Total other expenses	623,165	202,932		283,601
Taxation on buildings [Member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Total other expenses	175,699	172,120		172,489
Administrative and other expenses [Member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Total other expenses	157,315	153,930		834,640
Maintenance expenses [Member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Total other expenses	260,287	260,156		244,221
Insurance costs [Member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Total other expenses	24,838	120,949		122,492
Legal expenses [Member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Total other expenses	84,886	128,166		356,775
Professional fees [Member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Total other expenses	329,952	488,327		489,209
Bank fees [Member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Total other expenses	15,919	26,407		22,023
Licenses, registration & fees [Member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Total other expenses	6,346	7,411		5,821
Non-employee stock based compensation [Member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Total other expenses	95,419	370,040		260,819
Travel expense [Member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Total other expenses	$ 28,534	$ 62,317		$ 70,848

[1] Restated for discontinued operations (see note 9 - Discontinued Operations).

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6. Finance Income and Costs (Details - Finance Income) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	[1]	Dec. 31, 2015	[1]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Total finance income	$ 9,223	$ 19,617		$ 34,889
Finance income from variation of fair value on interest rate swap agreements [Member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Total finance income	0	18,096		33,558
Other finance income [Member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Total finance income	$ 9,223	$ 1,521		$ 1,331

[1] Restated for discontinued operations (see note 9 - Discontinued Operations).

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6. Finance Income and Costs (Details - Finance Costs) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	[1]	Dec. 31, 2015	[1]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Total finance costs	$ 3,320,839	$ 3,756,134		$ 3,959,052
Finance cost on note payable to underwriters and other debt [Member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Total finance costs	2,429,551	2,638,729		2,913,809
Interest expense of bank loans, revolving line of credit and finance leases [Member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Total finance costs	$ 891,288	$ 1,117,405		$ 1,045,243

[1] Restated for discontinued operations (see note 9 - Discontinued Operations).

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7. Income Taxes (Details - Tax expense) - USD ($)		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	[1]	Dec. 31, 2015		Dec. 31, 2015	[1]
Current tax
Total current tax expense, net		$ 158,639	$ 42,367		$ 21,507	[1]
Deferred tax
In respect of the current year		15,867	(130,306)		122,386	[1]
Total income tax expense/(benefit) recognized in the current year relating to continuing operations		174,506	(87,939)		$ 143,893		$ 143,893
Current Year Tax [Member]
Current tax
Total current tax expense, net		166,252	34,261				183,005
Deferred tax
In respect of the current year		15,867	(130,306)				122,386
Prior Year Tax [Member]
Current tax
Total current tax expense, net		(14,227)	6,663				(12,664)
Others Fiscal Unit [Member]
Current tax
Total current tax expense, net	[2]	$ 6,614	$ 1,443				$ (148,834)

[1] Restated for discontinued operations (see note 9 - Discontinued Operations).

[2] During 2016, the Italian fiscal authority issued a new tax rule beginning in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015 and continuing through 2017 allowing utilization of fiscal unit structure in tax reporting to offset and utilize operating losses amongst subsidiaries with common ownership, resulting in tax benefits to the Group.

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7. Income Taxes (Details - Reconciliation) - USD ($)		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	[1]	Dec. 31, 2015		Dec. 31, 2015
Income Taxes
Profit/(loss) before tax from continuing operations		$ (2,758,561)	$ (427,636)		$ (5,969,746)	[1]	$ (5,969,746)	[1]
Income tax expense/(benefit)		(769,639)	(134,278)				(1,874,501)	[1]
Effect of (income)/expenses that are exempt from taxation		0	9,795				965,868	[1]
Effect of expenses that are not deductible in determining taxable profit		235,350	180,042				460,519	[1]
Effect of unused tax losses and tax offsets not recognized as deferred tax assets		746,964	136,125				836,295	[1]
Effect of previously unrecognized and unused tax losses and deductible temporary differences now recognized as deferred tax assets		(28,760)	(34,200)				(34,904)	[1]
Effect of new tax rule in fiscal unit	[2]	6,614	(48,284)				(148,834)	[1]
Effect of prior year taxes		(14,227)	6,663				(12,664)
Effect of future change of fiscal aliquota*** on deferred taxes (previous years)	[3]	0	(261,253)				0	[1]
Effect of future change of fiscal aliquota on deferred taxes (generated in 2016)		0	18,258				0	[1]
Others		(1,796)	39,054				(47,886)	[1]
Income tax expense/(benefit) recognized in profit or loss relating to continuing operations (current & deferred)		$ 174,506	$ (87,939)		$ 143,893		$ 143,893	[1]

[1] Restated for discontinued operations (see note 9 - Discontinued Operations).

[2] During 2016, the Italian fiscal authority issued a new tax rule beginning in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015 and continuing through 2017 allowing utilization of fiscal unit structure in tax reporting to offset and utilize operating losses amongst subsidiaries with common ownership, resulting in tax benefits to the Group.

[3] Aliquota is the combined total tax rate of IRES and IRAP (see note 8 Deferred Taxes).

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7. Income Taxes (Details Narrative)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Income Taxes Details Narrative
Income tax, applicable tax rate (in percent)	27.90%	27.90%	31.40%

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8. Deferred Taxes (Details - Deferred tax movement) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Deferred Taxes
Deferred tax, beginning balance	$ (2,557,571)	$ (2,764,734)	$ (3,738,082)
Sale of SIM - Discontinued operation			315,325
Sale of Nova - Discontinued operation	206,679
Currency exchange difference	(383,555)	71,026	370,358
Deferred tax benefit/(Expense)	(15,867)	136,137	287,665
Deferred tax, ending balance	$ (2,750,314)	$ (2,557,571)	$ (2,764,734)

XML

8. Deferred Taxes (Details - Deferred tax balances) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Deferred tax asset	$ 507,880	$ 504,476	$ 666,999
Deferred tax liability	(3,258,194)	(3,062,046)	(3,431,733)
Net change in deferred tax liability	(2,750,314)	(2,557,571)	(2,764,734)
Deferred tax expense (income) recognised in profit or loss	15,867	(130,306)	(122,386)
Deferred Assets [Member] | Write off of intangibles [Member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Deferred tax asset	507,880	501,880	611,712
Deferred Assets [Member] | Mark to market on derivative instruments [Member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Deferred tax asset			52,013
Deferred Assets [Member] | Bad debt provision [Member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Deferred tax asset		2,596	3,061
Deferred Assets [Member] | Other Temporary Differences [Member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Deferred tax asset			213
(Charged) Net [Member] | Write off of intangibles [Member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Net change in deferred tax liability	507,880	501,880	611,712
(Charged) Net [Member] | Write off of tangibles [Member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Net change in deferred tax liability	(48,009)	(149,164)	(120,387)
(Charged) Net [Member] | Accounting of investment properties [Member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Net change in deferred tax liability	(948,648)	(1,107,110)	(1,436,973)
(Charged) Net [Member] | Mark to market on derivative instruments [Member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Net change in deferred tax liability			52,013
(Charged) Net [Member] | Loss on investments [Member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Net change in deferred tax liability	(263,732)	(231,484)	(268,103)
(Charged) Net [Member] | Bad debt provision [Member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Net change in deferred tax liability		2,596	3,061
(Charged) Net [Member] | Other Temporary Differences [Member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Net change in deferred tax liability			213
Movement [Member] | Write off of intangibles [Member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Deferred tax expense (income) recognised in profit or loss	59,767	97,213	48,844
Movement [Member] | Write off of tangibles [Member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Deferred tax expense (income) recognised in profit or loss	11,164	8,424	12,234
Movement [Member] | Accounting of lease contracts according to IAS 17 [Member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Deferred tax expense (income) recognised in profit or loss	191,956	14,091	253,125
Movement [Member] | Accounting of investment properties [Member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Deferred tax expense (income) recognised in profit or loss	(225,124)	(272,437)	(481,360)
Movement [Member] | Mark to market on derivative instruments [Member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Deferred tax expense (income) recognised in profit or loss		53,034	10,537
Movement [Member] | Loss on investments [Member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Deferred tax expense (income) recognised in profit or loss		(30,470)	273,955
Movement [Member] | Bad debt provision [Member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Deferred tax expense (income) recognised in profit or loss	2,780	397	5,538
Movement [Member] | Provision for risk [Member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Deferred tax expense (income) recognised in profit or loss		217
Movement [Member] | Other Temporary Differences [Member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Deferred tax expense (income) recognised in profit or loss	(24,676)	(775)	(487)
Deferred Liabilities [Member] | Write off of tangibles [Member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Deferred tax liability	(48,009)	(149,164)	(120,387)
Deferred Liabilities [Member] | Accounting of lease contracts according to IAS 17 [Member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Deferred tax liability	(1,997,805)	(1,574,288)	(1,606,270)
Net change in deferred tax liability	(1,997,805)	(1,574,289)	(1,606,270)
Deferred Liabilities [Member] | Accounting of investment properties [Member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Deferred tax liability	(948,648)	(1,107,110)	(1,436,973)
Deferred Liabilities [Member] | Loss on investments [Member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Deferred tax liability	$ (263,732)	$ (231,484)	$ (268,103)

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8. Deferred Taxes (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Deferred tax rate	27.90%	27.90%	31.40%
Unused tax losses [Member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Unused tax losses for which no deferred tax asset recognised	$ 41,632	$ 542,357	$ 935,866	$ 935,866
Temporary differences [Member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Deferred tax rate	24.00%	24.00%		27.50%
Temporary differences [Member] | Italian corporate income tax [Member]
Disclosure of temporary difference, unused tax losses and unused tax credits [line items]
Deferred tax rate	27.90%	27.90%		31.40%

XML

9. Discontinued Operations (Details - Results of SIM) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	[1]	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of subsidiaries [line items]
Loss from discontinued operations	$ (754,069)	$ (225,447)		$ (1,448,047)	[1]
Basic loss per share from discontinued operations	$ (0.39)	$ (0.12)		$ (0.63)	[1]
Diluted loss per share from discontinued operations	$ (0.39)	$ (0.12)		$ (0.63)	[1]
Sim [Member]
Disclosure of subsidiaries [line items]
Rental income				$ 65,110
Other revenues				9,021
Expenses				(96,857)
Operating (loss)/income				(22,726)
Finance costs				(18,564)
Loss before tax from discontinued operations				(41,290)
Deferred tax expense				(15,488)
Net loss from discontinued operations				(56,778)
Loss on foreign currency exchange on discontinued operation				(248,359)
Loss from discontinued operations				$ (305,137)
Basic loss per share from discontinued operations				$ (0.13)
Diluted loss per share from discontinued operations				$ (0.13)
Net operating cash flow from discontinued operations				$ 377,117
Net investing cash flow from discontinued operations				(1,339)
Net financing cash flow from discontinued operations				(389,425)
Net cash inflow				$ (13,647)

[1] Restated for discontinued operations (see note 9 - Discontinued Operations).

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9. Discontinued Operations (Details - Condensed SIM) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Jul. 07, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Disclosure of subsidiaries [line items]
Investment properties	$ 33,829,902	$ 35,786,053	$ 37,407,083
Total assets	34,426,148	36,819,528	38,553,356
Stockholder's equity	(7,355,017)	(4,763,785)	(5,010,816)		$ 1,776,641
Loans & borrowings	22,584,601	22,584,601	26,807,987
Total equity and liabilities	$ 34,426,148	$ 36,819,528	$ 38,553,356
SIM S.r.l. (SIM) [Member] | Discontinued operations [Member]
Disclosure of subsidiaries [line items]
Investment properties				$ 2,672,288
Other current assets				(255,710)
Total assets				2,416,578
Stockholder's equity				912,255
Loans & borrowings				1,382,295
Other Liabilities				122,028
Total equity and liabilities				$ 2,416,578

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9. Discontinued Operations (Details - Nova sale) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016		Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of subsidiaries [line items]
Loss on sale of subsidiary	$ 0	$ 0	[1]	$ (32,340)	[1]
Loss from discontinued operations	$ (754,069)	$ (225,447)	[1]	$ (1,448,047)	[1]
Basic loss per share from discontinued operations	$ (0.39)	$ (0.12)	[1]	$ (0.63)	[1]
Diluted loss per share from discontinued operations	$ (0.39)	$ (0.12)	[1]	$ (0.63)	[1]
Nova [Member]
Disclosure of subsidiaries [line items]
Rental income	$ 167,940	$ 128,261		$ 205,355
Other revenues	24,842	2,766		2,479
Expenses	(318,211)	(149,000)		(173,275)
Net fair value loss on revaluation of investment property	(84,150)	(71,968)		(1,436,932)
Operating (loss)/income	(209,579)	(89,941)		(1,402,373)
Finance costs	(146,249)	(213,108)		(213,864)
Loss before tax from discontinued operations	(355,828)	(303,049)		(1,616,237)
Tax expenses, current	144	71,772		63,276
Deferred tax (expense)/credit	(8,250)	5,830		410,051
Net loss from discontinued operations	(363,934)	(225,447)		(1,142,910)
Loss on sale of subsidiary	(135,200)	0		0
Loss on foreign currency exchange on discontinued operation	(254,935)	0		0
Loss from discontinued operations	$ (754,069)	$ (225,447)		$ (1,142,910)
Basic loss per share from discontinued operations	$ (0.39)	$ (0.12)		$ (0.50)
Diluted loss per share from discontinued operations	$ (0.39)	$ (0.12)		$ (0.50)
Net operating cash flow from discontinued operations	$ 61,784	$ (92,130)		$ (43,269)
Net investing cash flow from discontinued operations	0	162,769		(3,400)
Net financing cash flow from discontinued operations	(46,376)	(69,770)		40,416
Net cash inflow/(outflow)	$ 15,408	$ 869		$ (6,253)

[1] Restated for discontinued operations (see note 9 - Discontinued Operations).

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9. Discontinued Operations (Details - Condensed Nova) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017	Nov. 10, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Disclosure of subsidiaries [line items]
Investment properties	$ 33,829,902		$ 35,786,053	$ 37,407,083
Total assets	34,426,148		36,819,528	38,553,356
Stockholder's equity	(7,355,017)		(4,763,785)	(5,010,816)	$ 1,776,641
Loans & borrowings	22,584,601		22,584,601	26,807,987
Total equity and liabilities	$ 34,426,148		$ 36,819,528	$ 38,553,356
Discontinued operations [Member] | Nova [Member]
Disclosure of subsidiaries [line items]
Investment properties		$ 5,806,528
Other current assets		68,884
Total assets		5,875,412
Stockholder's equity		166,246
Loans & borrowings		4,853,590
Other Liabilities		855,576
Total equity and liabilities		$ 5,875,412

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9. Discontinued Operations (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	6 Months Ended	10 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 07, 2015	Nov. 10, 2017	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016		Dec. 31, 2015		Dec. 31, 2014
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Stockholder's equity			$ (7,355,017)	$ (4,763,785)		$ (5,010,816)		$ 1,776,641
Loss on sale of subsidiary			0	0	[1]	(32,340)	[1]
SIM S.r.l. (SIM) [Member] | Discontinued operations [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Stockholder's equity	$ 912,255
Nova [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Loss on sale of subsidiary			$ (135,200)	$ 0		$ 0
Nova [Member] | Discontinued operations [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Stockholder's equity		$ 166,246
Purchase Agreement [Member] | SIM S.r.l. (SIM) [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Number of shares exchanged in discontinued operations	220,000
Purchase Agreement [Member] | SIM S.r.l. (SIM) [Member] | Discontinued operations [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Consideration received	$ (879,914)
Loss on sale of subsidiary	$ (32,340)
Purchase Agreement [Member] | Nova [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Number of shares exchanged in discontinued operations		53,828
Purchase Agreement [Member] | Nova [Member] | Discontinued operations [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Consideration received		$ (80,742)
Loss on sale of subsidiary		$ (85,504)

[1] Restated for discontinued operations (see note 9 - Discontinued Operations).

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10. Financial Instruments (Details - Financial instruments) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 58,143	$ 55,393	$ 134,574	$ 165,091
Trade and other receivables	407,010	900,077	942,879
Financial assets	465,153	955,470	977,453
Loans and borrowings and notes payable	22,584,601	25,317,163	26,807,987
Derivatives financial liabilities	1,859,700	794,235	2,733,836
Level 1 Of Fair Value Hierarchy [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Total financial liabilities	0	0	0
Level 1 Of Fair Value Hierarchy [Member] | Convertible Promissory Notes [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Total financial liabilities	0	0	0
Level 1 Of Fair Value Hierarchy [Member] | Interest Rate Swap Agreement [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Total financial liabilities	0	0	0
Level 2 Of Fair Value Hierarchy [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Total financial liabilities	1,859,700	794,235	2,733,836
Level 2 Of Fair Value Hierarchy [Member] | Convertible Promissory Notes [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Total financial liabilities	1,859,700	794,235	2,568,188
Level 2 Of Fair Value Hierarchy [Member] | Interest Rate Swap Agreement [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Total financial liabilities	0	0	165,648
Level 3 of fair value hierarchy [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Total financial liabilities	0	0	0
Level 3 of fair value hierarchy [Member] | Convertible Promissory Notes [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Total financial liabilities	0	0	0
Level 3 of fair value hierarchy [Member] | Interest Rate Swap Agreement [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Total financial liabilities	0	0	0
Financial liabilities at fair value, class [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Trade and other payables	0	0	0
Loans and borrowings and notes payable	0	0	0
Derivatives financial liabilities	1,859,700	794,235	2,733,836
Total financial liabilities	1,859,700	794,235	2,733,836
Financial Liabilities At Amortised Cost [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Trade and other payables	6,409,094	5,994,904	5,372,684
Loans and borrowings and notes payable	26,572,080	27,802,729	28,136,250
Derivatives financial liabilities	0	0	0
Total financial liabilities	$ 32,981,174	$ 33,797,633	$ 33,508,934

XML

10. Financial Instruments (Details - Cash) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Cash in bank	$ 57,869	$ 54,920	$ 134,451
Cassa Rurale e Artigiana [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Cash in bank	19,225	28,016	87,046
Banca Intesa Sanpaolo [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Cash in bank	17,906	1,556	1,200
First Republic Bank [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Cash in bank	7,363	4,467	22,989
Banca Cassa di Risparmio di Asti [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Cash in bank	5,755	5,296	6,527
Banca Popolare di Vicenza [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Cash in bank	5,570	8,942	10,244
ING Luxembourg [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Cash in bank	2,050	2,980	2,831
Bank of China [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Cash in bank	0	3,246	1,406
Banca Popolare Commercio e Industria [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Cash in bank	0	417	1,781
M&T Bank [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Cash in bank	$ 0	$ 0	$ 427

XML

10. Financial Instruments (Details - Maturities) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Less Than One Year [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Contractual maturities	$ 16,675,030	$ 13,432,612	$ 14,521,991
Less Than One Year [Member] | Trade and other payables [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Contractual maturities	6,389,497	5,914,549	5,372,684
Less Than One Year [Member] | Loans and Borrowings [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Contractual maturities	4,438,354	4,206,847	5,087,208
Less Than One Year [Member] | Notes payable to stockholders [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Contractual maturities	3,987,479	2,516,981	1,328,263
Less Than One Year [Member] | Derivative financial liabilities [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Contractual maturities	1,859,700	794,235	2,733,836
Between 1 and 5 years [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Contractual maturities	3,987,390	5,101,428	4,034,053
Between 1 and 5 years [Member] | Trade and other payables [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Contractual maturities	19,597	80,355	0
Between 1 and 5 years [Member] | Loans and Borrowings [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Contractual maturities	3,967,793	5,021,073	4,034,053
Between 1 and 5 years [Member] | Notes payable to stockholders [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Contractual maturities	0	0	0
Between 1 and 5 years [Member] | Derivative financial liabilities [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Contractual maturities	0	0	0
Later Than Five Years [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Contractual maturities	14,178,454	16,089,243	17,686,726
Later Than Five Years [Member] | Trade and other payables [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Contractual maturities	0	0	0
Later Than Five Years [Member] | Loans and Borrowings [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Contractual maturities	14,178,454	16,089,243	17,686,726
Later Than Five Years [Member] | Notes payable to stockholders [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Contractual maturities	0	0	0
Later Than Five Years [Member] | Derivative financial liabilities [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Contractual maturities	0	0	0
Aggregated time bands 1 [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Contractual maturities	34,840,874	34,623,283	36,242,770
Aggregated time bands 1 [Member] | Trade and other payables [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Contractual maturities	6,409,094	5,994,904	5,372,684
Aggregated time bands 1 [Member] | Loans and Borrowings [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Contractual maturities	22,584,601	25,317,163	26,807,987
Aggregated time bands 1 [Member] | Notes payable to stockholders [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Contractual maturities	3,987,479	2,516,981	1,328,263
Aggregated time bands 1 [Member] | Derivative financial liabilities [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial liabilities [line items]
Contractual maturities	$ 1,859,700	$ 794,235	$ 2,733,836

XML

10. Financial Instruments - Risk Management (Details Narrative)	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)
Disclosure of amounts to be recovered or settled after twelve months for classes of assets and liabilities that contain amounts to be recovered or settled both no more and more than twelve months after reporting date [line items]
Mandatory reserves in banks	$ 250,000
Euro Member Countries, Euro
Disclosure of amounts to be recovered or settled after twelve months for classes of assets and liabilities that contain amounts to be recovered or settled both no more and more than twelve months after reporting date [line items]
Mandatory reserves in banks	$ 100,000

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11. Operating Leases - Group as Lessor (Details)	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)
Disclosure of amounts to be recovered or settled after twelve months for classes of assets and liabilities that contain amounts to be recovered or settled both no more and more than twelve months after reporting date [line items]
Total	$ 7,629,411
Less Than One Year [Member]
Disclosure of amounts to be recovered or settled after twelve months for classes of assets and liabilities that contain amounts to be recovered or settled both no more and more than twelve months after reporting date [line items]
Total	2,035,573
Between 1 and 5 years [Member]
Disclosure of amounts to be recovered or settled after twelve months for classes of assets and liabilities that contain amounts to be recovered or settled both no more and more than twelve months after reporting date [line items]
Total	5,498,899
Later Than Five Years [Member]
Disclosure of amounts to be recovered or settled after twelve months for classes of assets and liabilities that contain amounts to be recovered or settled both no more and more than twelve months after reporting date [line items]
Total	$ 94,939

XML

11. Operating Leases - Group as Lessor (Details Narrative)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Operating Leases - Group As Lessor Details Narrative

Lease terms

The commercial property leases typically have lease terms between 6 and 9 years 

XML

12. Earnings/(loss) per share (Details - Dilutive securities) - shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Earningsloss Per Share
Warrants to purchase common stock	6,733,292	6,733,292	7,241,054
Common stock in the unit purchase option for underwriters	0	0	215,000
Options in the unit purchase option for underwriters to purchase common stock	0	0	215,000
Convertible promissory notes issued to underwriters and other related parties subject to possible conversion	99,243	99,243	113,385
Convertible promissory notes issued to shareholders subject to possible conversion	2,833,344	1,744,603	1,392,602
Options to purchase common stock	473,944	374,650	107,813
Total potential dilutive securities	10,139,823	8,951,788	9,284,854

XML

12. Earnings/(loss) per share (Details - Per Share) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	[1]	Dec. 31, 2015	[1]
Earningsloss Per Share
Basic loss per share from continuing operations	$ (1.50)	$ (0.17)		$ (2.66)
Basic loss per share from discontinued operations	(0.39)	(0.12)		(0.63)
Basic loss per share	(1.89)	(0.29)		(3.29)
Diluted loss per share from continuing operations	(1.50)	(0.17)		(2.66)
Diluted loss per share from discontinued operations	(0.39)	(0.12)		(0.63)
Diluted loss per share	$ (1.89)	$ (0.29)		$ (3.29)
Basic loss per share
Loss from continuing operations used in the calculation of basic loss per share	$ (2,933,067)	$ (339,697)		$ (6,113,639)
Loss from discontinued operations used in the calculation of basic loss per share from discontinued operations	(363,934)	(225,447)		(1,448,047)
Loss on sale of subsidiary	(135,200)	0		0
Loss on foreign currency exchange on discontinued operations	(254,935)	0		0
Loss used in the calculation of basic loss per share	$ (3,687,136)	$ (565,144)		$ (7,561,686)
Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding - basic	1,949,061	1,954,651		2,299,462
Diluted loss per share
Loss from continuing operations used in the calculation of diluted loss per share	$ (2,933,067)	$ (339,697)		$ (6,113,639)
Loss from discontinued operations used in the calculation of basic earnings/(loss) per share from discontinued operations	(363,934)	(225,447)		(1,448,047)
Loss on sale of subsidiary	(135,200)	0		0
Loss on foreign currency exchange on discontinued operations	(254,935)	0		0
Loss used in the calculation of basic loss per share	$ (3,687,136)	$ (565,144)		$ (7,561,686)
Weighted average number of ordinary shares used in the calculation of basic loss per share	1,949,061	1,954,651		2,299,462
Weighted average number of ordinary shares used in the calculation of diluted loss per share	1,949,061	1,954,651		2,299,462

[1] Restated for discontinued operations (see note 9 - Discontinued Operations).

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12. Earnings/(loss) per share (Details Narrative) - Due on March 30, 2018 [Member] - $ / shares

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Dec. 31, 2016

Disclosure of amounts to be recovered or settled after twelve months for classes of assets and liabilities that contain amounts to be recovered or settled both no more and more than twelve months after reporting date [line items]

Exercise price of warrants

$ 5.00

Description for redemption of warrants

If the last sale price of its ordinary shares on the stock exchange equals or exceeds $15.00 per share for any 20 trading days within a 30 trading day period.

Forfeiture of founders shares

507,762

XML

13. Property and Equipment (Details - Property schedule) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Property and equipment, beginning balance	$ 11,047	$ 13,564
Property and equipment, ending balance	7,614	11,047	$ 13,564
Plant And Machinery [Member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Property and equipment, beginning balance	3,603	4,218
Property and equipment, ending balance	2,287	3,603	4,218
Industrial And Commercial Equipment [Member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Property and equipment, beginning balance	768	790
Property and equipment, ending balance	918	768	790
Office And Office Related Equipment [Member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Property and equipment, beginning balance	6,676	8,556
Property and equipment, ending balance	4,409	6,676	8,556
Property Plant And Equipment, Gross [Member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Property and equipment, beginning balance	108,666	107,539	247,336
Additions	2,393	1,480	10,560
Disposals	(3,311)	0	(134,448)
Revaluations	1,438	(353)	(15,909)
Property and equipment, ending balance	109,186	108,666	107,539
Property Plant And Equipment, Gross [Member] | Plant And Machinery [Member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Property and equipment, beginning balance	89,746	89,866	234,350
Additions	289	0	5,271
Disposals	(1,207)	0	(134,448)
Revaluations	457	(120)	(15,307)
Property and equipment, ending balance	89,285	89,746	89,866
Property Plant And Equipment, Gross [Member] | Industrial And Commercial Equipment [Member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Property and equipment, beginning balance	876	898	989
Additions	0	0	0
Disposals	0	0	0
Revaluations	150	(22)	(91)
Property and equipment, ending balance	1,026	876	898
Property Plant And Equipment, Gross [Member] | Office And Office Related Equipment [Member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Property and equipment, beginning balance	18,044	16,775	11,997
Additions	2,104	1,480	5,289
Disposals	(2,104)	0	0
Revaluations	831	(211)	(511)
Property and equipment, ending balance	$ 18,875	$ 18,044	$ 16,775

XML

13. Property and Equipment (Details - Accum Amort) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016		Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Property and equipment, beginning balance	$ 11,047	$ 13,564
Depreciation charge for the year	3,574	3,229	[1]	$ 3,160	[1]
Property and equipment, ending balance	7,614	11,047		13,564
Property and equipment, net	7,614	11,047		13,564
Plant And Machinery [Member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Property and equipment, beginning balance	3,603	4,218
Property and equipment, ending balance	2,287	3,603		4,218
Property and equipment, net	2,287	3,603		4,218
Industrial And Commercial Equipment [Member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Property and equipment, beginning balance	768	790
Property and equipment, ending balance	918	768		790
Property and equipment, net	918	768		790
Office And Office Related Equipment [Member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Property and equipment, beginning balance	6,676	8,556
Property and equipment, ending balance	4,409	6,676		8,556
Property and equipment, net	4,409	6,676		8,556
Accumulated Depreciation [Member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Property and equipment, beginning balance	97,619	93,975		90,392
Depreciation charge for the year	3,953	3,644		3,583
Property and equipment, ending balance	101,572	97,619		93,975
Property and equipment, net	97,619	97,619		93,975
Accumulated Depreciation [Member] | Plant And Machinery [Member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Property and equipment, beginning balance	86,143	85,648		85,179
Depreciation charge for the year	855	495		469
Property and equipment, ending balance	86,998	86,143		85,648
Property and equipment, net	86,143	86,143		85,648
Accumulated Depreciation [Member] | Industrial And Commercial Equipment [Member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Property and equipment, beginning balance	108	108		108
Depreciation charge for the year	0	0		0
Property and equipment, ending balance	108	108		108
Property and equipment, net	108	108		108
Accumulated Depreciation [Member] | Office And Office Related Equipment [Member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Property and equipment, beginning balance	11,368	8,219		5,105
Depreciation charge for the year	3,098	3,149		3,114
Property and equipment, ending balance	14,466	11,368		8,219
Property and equipment, net	$ 11,368	$ 11,368		$ 8,219

[1] Restated for discontinued operations (see note 9 - Discontinued Operations).

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13. Property and Equipment (Details Narrative) - Investment property [Member]	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Lease expiration period	5 years
Estimated net cash flows (in years)	10 years

XML

14. Investment Properties (Details - Investment costs) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Balance at beginning of year	$ 35,786,053	$ 37,407,083
Balance at end of year	33,829,902	35,786,053	$ 37,407,083
Investment property [Member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Balance at beginning of year	35,786,053	37,407,083	47,629,537
Additions	0	0	0
Disposals	(5,893,888)	0	(3,412,482)
Revaluation adjustment	(858,371)	(563,477)	(2,271,703)
Currency exchange rate adjustment	4,796,108	(1,057,553)	(4,538,269)
Balance at end of year	$ 33,829,902	$ 35,786,053	$ 37,407,083

XML

14. Investment Properties (Details - Investment Fair Values) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Investment properties	$ 33,829,902	$ 35,786,053	$ 37,407,083
Level 3 of fair value hierarchy [Member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Investment properties	33,829,902	35,786,053	37,407,083
Milano, Corso Europa 22 [Member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Investment properties		5,339,312	5,565,238
Milano, Corso Europa 22 [Member] | Level 3 of fair value hierarchy [Member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Investment properties	0	5,339,312	5,565,238
Buccinasco, Via Lucania 2-4-6 [Member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Investment properties	18,982,736	16,492,776	17,396,117
Buccinasco, Via Lucania 2-4-6 [Member] | Level 3 of fair value hierarchy [Member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Investment properties	18,982,736	16,492,776	17,396,117
Buccinasco, Via Privata Mulino 24 [Member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Investment properties	1,130,068	981,336	1,096,759
Buccinasco, Via Privata Mulino 24 [Member] | Level 3 of fair value hierarchy [Member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Investment properties	1,130,068	981,336	1,096,759
Buccinasco, Via Lazio 95 [Member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Investment properties	3,907,149	3,703,752	3,887,522
Buccinasco, Via Lazio 95 [Member] | Level 3 of fair value hierarchy [Member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Investment properties	3,907,149	3,703,752	3,887,522
Buccinasco, Via Bruno Buozzi 22 [Member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Investment properties	180,330	849,436	879,579
Buccinasco, Via Bruno Buozzi 22 [Member] | Level 3 of fair value hierarchy [Member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Investment properties	180,330	849,436	879,579
Buccinasco, Via Emilia 30 [Member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Investment properties	180,330	162,501	166,143
Buccinasco, Via Emilia 30 [Member] | Level 3 of fair value hierarchy [Member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Investment properties	180,330	162,501	166,143
Rozzano, Milanofiori, Building A5 [Member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Investment properties	2,789,103	2,437,512	2,454,134
Rozzano, Milanofiori, Building A5 [Member] | Level 3 of fair value hierarchy [Member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Investment properties	2,789,103	2,437,512	2,454,134
Rozzano, Milanofiori, Building N1 [Member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Investment properties	3,847,039	3,397,744	3,464,021
Rozzano, Milanofiori, Building N1 [Member] | Level 3 of fair value hierarchy [Member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Investment properties	3,847,039	3,397,744	3,464,021
Rozzano, Milanofiori, Building Q5 [Member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Investment properties	1,154,112	1,018,268	1,031,605
Rozzano, Milanofiori, Building Q5 [Member] | Level 3 of fair value hierarchy [Member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Investment properties	1,154,112	1,018,268	1,031,605
Rozzano, Milanofiori, Building Q7 [Member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Investment properties	1,659,035	1,403,416	1,465,965
Rozzano, Milanofiori, Building Q7 [Member] | Level 3 of fair value hierarchy [Member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Investment properties	$ 1,659,035	$ 1,403,416	$ 1,465,965

XML

14. Investment Properties (Details - Unobservable inputs) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Fair Value	$ 33,829,902	$ 35,786,053	$ 37,407,083
Milano, Corso Europa 22 [Member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Fair Value		$ 5,339,312	$ 5,565,238
Valuation technique		DCF	DCF
Key Unobservable Inputs
ERV		$475 per sq. meter	$499 per sq. meter
Rental growth p.a.		0.975% to 1.5%	0.83% to 1.5%
Discount rate		4.96%	4.96%
Cap rate		4.30%	4.30%
Buccinasco, Via Lucania 2-4-6 [Member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Fair Value	$ 18,982,736	$ 16,492,776	$ 17,396,117
Valuation technique	DCF	DCF	DCF
Key Unobservable Inputs
ERV	$ 96 per sq. meter	$88 per sq. meter	$91 per sq. meter
Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.50%	0.975% to 1.5%	0.83% to 1.5%
Discount rate	8.50%	8.56%	8.46%
Cap rate	7.50%	7.50%	7.40%
Buccinasco, Via Privata Mulino 24 [Member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Fair Value	$ 1,130,068	$ 981,336	$ 1,096,759
Valuation technique	DCF	DCF	DCF
Key Unobservable Inputs
ERV	$ 213 per sq. meter	$185 per sq. meter	$192 per sq. meter
Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.50%	0.975% to 1.5%	0.83% to 1.5%
Discount rate	7.30%	7.36%	7.26%
Cap rate	6.90%	6.90%	6.80%
Buccinasco, Via Lazio 95 [Member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Fair Value	$ 3,907,149	$ 3,703,752	$ 3,887,522
Valuation technique	DCF	DCF	DCF
Key Unobservable Inputs
ERV	$ 82 per sq. meter - warehouse, $117 per sq. meter - office	$73 - $103 per sq. meter	$75 - $106 per sq. meter
Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.50%	0.975% to 1.5%	0.83% to 1.5%
Discount rate	8.60%	8.66%	8.56%
Cap rate	7.50%	7.50%	7.40%
Buccinasco, Via Bruno Buozzi 22 [Member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Fair Value	$ 180,330	$ 849,436	$ 879,579
Valuation technique	DCF	DCF	DCF
Key Unobservable Inputs
ERV	$ 117 per sq. meter	$103 per sq. meter	$106 per sq. meter
Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.50%	0.975% to 1.5%	0.83% to 1.5%
Discount rate	6.80%	6.86%	6.86%
Cap rate	5.60%	5.60%	5.60%
Buccinasco, Via Emilia 30 [Member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Fair Value	$ 180,330	$ 162,501	$ 166,143
Valuation technique	DCF	DCF	DCF
Key Unobservable Inputs
ERV	$ 69 per sq. meter, $ 481 per parking space	$61 per sq. meter, $422 per parking space	$64 per sq. meter, $434 per parking space
Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.50%	0.975% to 1.5%	0.83% to 1.5%
Discount rate	8.70%	8.76%	8.66%
Cap rate	7.60%	7.60%	7.50%
Rozzano, Milanofiori, Building A5 [Member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Fair Value	$ 2,789,103	$ 2,437,512	$ 2,454,134
Valuation technique	DCF	DCF	DCF
Key Unobservable Inputs
ERV	$ 153 per sq. meter - offices, $ 166 per sq. meter commercial area $ 166 per sq. meter commercial area $ 1,082 per parking space	$135 per sq. meter, $950 per parking space	$139 per sq. meter, $977 per parking space
Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.50%	0.975% to 1.5%	0.83% to 1.5%
Discount rate	6.80%	6.86%	6.86%
Cap rate	5.60%	5.60%	5.60%
Rozzano, Milanofiori, Building N1 [Member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Fair Value	$ 3,847,039	$ 3,397,744	$ 3,464,021
Valuation technique	DCF	DCF	DCF
Key Unobservable Inputs
ERV	$ 84 - $ 153 per s. meter	$74 - $135 per sq. meter	$76 - $139 per sq. meter
Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.50%	0.975% to 1.5%	0.83% to 1.5%
Discount rate	6.80%	6.86%	6.86%
Cap rate	5.60%	5.60%	5.60%
Rozzano, Milanofiori, Building Q5 [Member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Fair Value	$ 1,154,112	$ 1,018,268	$ 1,031,605
Valuation technique	DCF	DCF	DCF
Key Unobservable Inputs
ERV	$ 153 per sq. meter, $ 1,082 per parking space	$135 per sq. meter, $950 per parking space	$139 per sq. meter, $977 per parking space
Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.50%	0.975% to 1.5%	0.83% to 1.5%
Discount rate	6.80%	6.86%	6.86%
Cap rate	5.60%	5.60%	5.60%
Rozzano, Milanofiori, Building Q7 [Member]
Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]
Fair Value	$ 1,659,035	$ 1,403,416	$ 1,465,965
Valuation technique	DCF	DCF	DCF
Key Unobservable Inputs
ERV	$ 153 per sq. meter, $ 1,082 per parking space	$135 per sq. meter, $950 per parking space	$139 per sq. meter, $977 per parking space
Rental growth p.a.	0.83% to 1.50%	0.975% to 1.5%	0.83% to 1.5%
Discount rate	6.80%	6.86%	6.86%
Cap rate	5.60%	5.60%	5.60%

XML

15. Trade and Other Receivables (Details - Receivables) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Trade And Other Receivables Details - Receivables
Trade receivables	$ 136,224	$ 154,642	$ 686,745
Less: bad debt provision	(54,303)	(50,426)	(488,978)	$ (521,111)
Trade receivables, net	81,921	104,216	197,767
Other receivables (taxes receivable, unbilled revenue and maintenance charges)	325,089	652,724	645,112
Total trade and other receivables, net current portion	407,010	756,940	842,879
Other receivables - taxes receivables	0	143,137	0
Total trade and other receivables, net non-current portion	$ 0	$ 143,137	$ 0

XML

15. Trade and Other Receivables (Details - Bad debt provision) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Trade And Other Receivables Details - Bad Debt Provision
Beginning balance	$ 50,426	$ 488,978	$ 521,111
Provided during the year	40,022	0	29,313
Receivable written off during the year as uncollectible	(30,846)	(35,612)	(19,092)
Unused amount reversed	(12,323)	(389,116)	(30,840)
Currency exchange rate and other adjustment	7,024	(13,824)	(11,514)
Ending balance	$ 54,303	$ 50,426	$ 488,978

XML

15. Trade and Other Receivables (Details Narrative)	1 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2015 USD ($)
Related parties [Member]
Disclosure of transactions between related parties [line items]
Offsetting of expenses	$ 1,544,265

XML

16. Cash and Cash Equivalents (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014
Cash And Cash Equivalents Details
Cash at bank	$ 57,869	$ 54,920	$ 134,451
Cash on hand	274	473	123
Total cash and cash equivalent	$ 58,143	$ 55,393	$ 134,574	$ 165,091

XML

17. Shareholders' Equity (Details Narrative) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Nov. 10, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Jul. 07, 2015	Dec. 31, 2014	Sep. 30, 2013
Disclosure of classes of share capital [line items]
Number of shares authorized	50,000,000		50,000,000	50,000,000
Par value, per share	$ .001		$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Number of shares outstanding	1,903,723		1,954,651	1,954,651
Treasury Shares [Member]
Disclosure of classes of share capital [line items]
Number of shares outstanding	139,628		85,800	85,800		0
Purchase Agreement [Member] | SIM S.r.l. (SIM) [Member]
Disclosure of classes of share capital [line items]
Number of shares exchanged in discontinued operations					220,000
Number of shares cancelled in discontinued operations					134,200
Purchase Agreement [Member] | SIM S.r.l. (SIM) [Member] | Treasury Shares [Member]
Disclosure of classes of share capital [line items]
Number of shares outstanding					85,800
Purchase Agreement [Member] | Nova [Member]
Disclosure of classes of share capital [line items]
Number of shares exchanged in discontinued operations		53,828
Ordinary shares [Member]
Disclosure of classes of share capital [line items]
Number of shares authorized	50,000,000
Par value, per share	$ 0.001
Number of shares outstanding							3,635,344
Forfeiture of founders shares	253,881
Stock options exercised	2,900
Ordinary shares [Member] | Purchase Agreement [Member] | SIM S.r.l. (SIM) [Member]
Disclosure of classes of share capital [line items]
Number of shares outstanding					2,294,332

XML

18. Loans and Borrowings (Details - Book value) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Loans and borrowings
Total non-current	$ 18,146,247	$ 21,110,316	$ 21,720,779
Total current	4,438,354	4,206,847	5,087,208
Total loans and borrowings	22,584,601	22,584,601	26,807,987
Revolving Lines Of Credit [Member]
Loans and borrowings
Total current	812,913	711,675	680,075
Bank Loans [Member]
Loans and borrowings
Total non-current		4,179,528	4,301,125
Total current	1,604,426	1,683,705	1,660,946
Finance Lease Creditor [Member]
Loans and borrowings
Total non-current	17,148,421	16,054,972	16,518,357
Total current	1,131,182	921,634	1,856,354
Other Loans [Member]
Loans and borrowings
Total non-current	997,826	875,816	901,297
Total current	$ 889,833	$ 889,833	$ 889,833

XML

18. Loans and Borrowings (Details - Expiry date and rate) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Total borrowings	$ 22,584,601	$ 25,317,163	$ 26,807,987
Bank Loans [Member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Total borrowings	1,604,426	5,863,233	5,962,071
Bank Loans [Member] | Expiry within 1 year [Member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Total borrowings	1,604,426	1,683,705	1,660,946
Bank Loans [Member] | Between 1 and 5 years [Member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Total borrowings	0	1,438,478	1,507,833
Bank Loans [Member] | Expiry in more than 5 years [Member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Total borrowings	0	2,741,050	2,793,292
Bank Loans [Member] | Floating interest rate [Member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Total borrowings	1,604,426	5,863,233	5,962,071
Bank Loans [Member] | Floating interest rate [Member] | Expiry within 1 year [Member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Total borrowings	1,604,426	1,683,705	1,660,946
Bank Loans [Member] | Floating interest rate [Member] | Between 1 and 5 years [Member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Total borrowings	0	1,438,478	1,507,833
Bank Loans [Member] | Floating interest rate [Member] | Expiry in more than 5 years [Member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Total borrowings	$ 0	$ 2,741,050	$ 2,793,292

XML

18. Loans and Borrowings (Details - Lines of credit) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Total borrowings	$ 22,584,601	$ 25,317,163	$ 26,807,987
Revolving Lines Of Credit [Member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Total borrowings	812,913	711,675	680,075
Revolving Lines Of Credit [Member] | Expiry within 1 year [Member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Total borrowings	812,913	711,675	680,075
Revolving Lines Of Credit [Member] | Between 1 and 5 years [Member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Total borrowings	0	0	0
Revolving Lines Of Credit [Member] | Expiry in more than 5 years [Member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Total borrowings	0	0	0
Revolving Lines Of Credit [Member] | Floating interest rate [Member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Total borrowings	408,042	356,309	318,063
Revolving Lines Of Credit [Member] | Floating interest rate [Member] | Expiry within 1 year [Member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Total borrowings	408,042	356,309	318,063
Revolving Lines Of Credit [Member] | Floating interest rate [Member] | Between 1 and 5 years [Member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Total borrowings	0	0	0
Revolving Lines Of Credit [Member] | Floating interest rate [Member] | Expiry in more than 5 years [Member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Total borrowings	0	0	0
Revolving Lines Of Credit [Member] | Fixed interest rate [Member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Total borrowings	404,871	355,366	362,012
Revolving Lines Of Credit [Member] | Fixed interest rate [Member] | Expiry within 1 year [Member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Total borrowings	404,871	355,366	362,012
Revolving Lines Of Credit [Member] | Fixed interest rate [Member] | Between 1 and 5 years [Member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Total borrowings	0	0	0
Revolving Lines Of Credit [Member] | Fixed interest rate [Member] | Expiry in more than 5 years [Member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Total borrowings	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

XML

18. Loans and Borrowings (Details Narrative) - USD ($)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Dec. 31, 2014

Dec. 31, 2016

Dec. 31, 2015

Bank Loans [Member]

Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]

Total fair value of investment properties collateral

$ 3,907,149

$ 9,043,064

$ 9,452,760

Description of debt interest rate

As of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, the effective interest rate varies from EURIBOR+1.125% to EURIBOR+2.554%.

Bank Loans [Member] | Subsidiaries [Member]

Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]

Repayments of borrowings

$ 193,011

Repayments of borrowings interest

22,680

Repayment of the residual debt

$ 1,515,720

Bank Loans [Member] | Bottom of range [Member]

Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]

Effective interest rate

79.50%

Bank Loans [Member] | Top of range [Member]

Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]

Effective interest rate

2.224%

Revolving Lines Of Credit [Member]

Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]

Total fair value of investment properties collateral

$ 120,220

110,796

575,527

Description of debt interest rate

The facilities expiring within 1 year are annual facilities subject to renewal at various dates.

Outstanding debt

$ 118,694

$ 107,059

$ 680,075

Remaing outstanding debt

$ 694,219

Revolving Lines Of Credit [Member] | Bottom of range [Member]

Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]

Effective interest rate

8.025%

4.86%

5.50%

Revolving Lines Of Credit [Member] | Top of range [Member]

Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]

Effective interest rate

12.97%

15.50%

15.50%

Other Loans [Member]

Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]

Description of debt interest rate

The repayment of this loan will start in the year 2021 for a period of three years, and will offset the rent to be collected from the tenant. The effective interest rate is fixed at EURIBOR+1.90%.

XML

19. Finance Leases (Details - Future payments) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of amounts to be recovered or settled after twelve months for classes of assets and liabilities that contain amounts to be recovered or settled both no more and more than twelve months after reporting date [line items]
Minimum lease payments	$ 25,712,988	$ 24,733,235	$ 28,401,966
Interest	7,396,201	7,756,629	10,027,255
Present value	18,279,603	16,976,606	18,374,711
Less Than One Year [Member]
Disclosure of amounts to be recovered or settled after twelve months for classes of assets and liabilities that contain amounts to be recovered or settled both no more and more than twelve months after reporting date [line items]
Minimum lease payments	2,180,616	1,920,618	3,514,879
Interest	1,049,434	998,984	1,658,525
Present value	1,131,182	921,634	1,856,354
Between 1 and 5 years [Member]
Disclosure of amounts to be recovered or settled after twelve months for classes of assets and liabilities that contain amounts to be recovered or settled both no more and more than twelve months after reporting date [line items]
Minimum lease payments	7,236,202	6,739,259	5,952,787
Interest	3,231,225	3,156,663	3,426,567
Present value	3,967,793	3,582,596	2,526,220
Later Than Five Years [Member]
Disclosure of amounts to be recovered or settled after twelve months for classes of assets and liabilities that contain amounts to be recovered or settled both no more and more than twelve months after reporting date [line items]
Minimum lease payments	16,296,170	16,073,358	18,934,300
Interest	3,115,542	3,600,982	4,942,163
Present value	$ 13,180,628	$ 12,472,376	$ 13,992,137

XML

19. Finance Leases (Details - present value) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Finance Leases Details - Present Value
Current liabilities	$ 1,131,182	$ 921,634	$ 1,856,354
Non-current liabilities	22,799,308	25,154,247	26,020,651
Total	$ 18,279,603	$ 16,976,606	$ 18,374,711

XML

19. Finance Leases (Details Narrative) - Investment property [Member] - USD ($)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Dec. 31, 2016

Dec. 31, 2015

Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]

Finance lease assets

$ 29,742,423

$ 25,731,052

$ 26,908,602

Description of effective interest rate under finance lease

EURIBOR+1.4% to EURIBOR+2.762%

EURIBOR+1.4% to EURIBOR+2.762%

EURIBOR+1.4% to EURIBOR+2.762%

Bottom of range [Member]

Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]

Percentage of effective interest rate

1.07%

1.08%

1.27%

Top of range [Member]

Disclosure of fair value measurement of assets [line items]

Percentage of effective interest rate

2.432%

2.442%

2.632%

XML

20. Related Party Transactions and Balances (Details Narrative)

1 Months Ended

5 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Dec. 16, 2014

USD ($)

Jun. 24, 2014

Mar. 24, 2011

USD ($)

Mar. 31, 2017

USD ($)

Apr. 30, 2016

USD ($)

shares

$ / shares

Sep. 30, 2015

shares

Dec. 31, 2017

USD ($)

Dec. 31, 2016

USD ($)

Dec. 31, 2015

USD ($)

shares

$ / shares

Jul. 01, 2014

USD ($)

Jun. 26, 2014

USD ($)

Disclosure of financial liabilities [line items]

Amortization expense not recognized during the period

$ 731,473

$ 1,122,997

$ 1,363,000

Derivative financial liabilities

1,859,700

794,235

2,733,836

Kaiyuan Real Estate Development [Member]

Disclosure of financial liabilities [line items]

Unpaid expense liability

203,312

203,312

Office space, administrative services and secretarial support (per month)

$ 7,500

0

0

0

Conversion feature on promissory notes [Member]

Disclosure of financial liabilities [line items]

Derivative financial liabilities

1,859,700

794,235

2,568,188

Director [Member]

Disclosure of financial liabilities [line items]

Interest payable

1,005,089

581,648

267,464

Compensation, related party transactions

$ 248,000

Number of stock options granted | shares

125,500

100,000

Fair value of options granted

$ 88,400

Executives [Member]

Disclosure of financial liabilities [line items]

Office and travel expenses

32,286

136,591

$ 141,022

Unpaid expense liability

32,286

136,591

141,022

Consultant [Member]

Disclosure of financial liabilities [line items]

Due to related parties for services

55,000

Chief Executive Officer [Member]

Disclosure of financial liabilities [line items]

Compensation, related party transactions

$ 50,000

$ 248,000

$ 93,000

Number of stock options granted | shares

100,000

30,000

Fair value of options granted

$ 88,400

$ 26,520

Exercise price of stock options granted | $ / shares

$ 2.94

$ 2.94

Unsecured Promissory Notes one [Member] | Director [Member]

Disclosure of financial liabilities [line items]

Face amount

$ 420,000

Unsecured Promissory Notes two [Member] | Director [Member]

Disclosure of financial liabilities [line items]

Face amount

$ 230,000

Unsecured Promissory Notes [Member] | Director [Member]

Disclosure of financial liabilities [line items]

Face amount

3,965,000

3,965,000

$ 3,965,000

$ 680,000

Additional borrowings in cash

$ 30,000

Interest rate on notes

10.00%

Description of notes conversion feature

The convertible feature grants the payee the option to convert the principal sum and any unpaid interest for the lower of (1) $2.29 per share, or (2) the price per share of the Company’s next round of financing.

Unsecured Promissory Notes [Member] | Director [Member]

Disclosure of financial liabilities [line items]

Total unsecured promissory note payable

4,718,952

3,608,100

2,671,000

Amortization expense

1,813,934

2,132,808

1,922,943

Amortization expense not recognized during the period

$ 731,473

$ 1,122,997

$ 1,363,000

Unsecured Promissory Notes [Member] | Current Officers [Member]

Disclosure of financial liabilities [line items]

Conversion of notes amount

$ 18,000

Period payments of notes (per month)

$ 2,500

XML

21. Note Payable to Underwriters (Details Narrative) - Chardan Capital Markets, LLC [Member] - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015	Dec. 31, 2013
Disclosure of financial liabilities [line items]
Amount due to underwriters				$ 889,833
Interest rate on notes				5.00%
Beneficial conversion feature				$ 184,584
Interest payable	$ 561,585	$ 420,448	$ 327,229
Interest expense	$ 141,137	$ 138,788	$ 136,288
Ordinary shares [Member]
Disclosure of financial liabilities [line items]
Conversion price, per share				$ 9.10

XML

22. Trade and Other Payables (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Trade And Other Payables Details
Accrued expenses	$ 2,716,238	$ 2,789,476	$ 2,863,516
Interest payables	1,061,346	796,175	560,835
Trade account payables	2,593,584	2,295,501	1,834,773
Other payables - social security payments	18,329	33,397	113,560
Total trade and other payables, current	6,389,497	5,914,549	5,372,684
Other payables - social security payments	3,568	63,143	0
Other payables - property taxes payments	16,029	17,212	0
Total trade and other payables, non-current	$ 19,597	$ 80,355	$ 0

XML

23. Other Liabilities and Other Deferred Income (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Other Liabilities And Other Deferred Income Details
Other deferred income	$ 306,055	$ 301,800	$ 276,496
Other liabilities	2,797	0	82,138
Total other liabilities and other deferred income	$ 308,852	$ 301,800	$ 358,634

XML

24. Derivative Financial Liabilities (Details - Fair value) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of financial liabilities [line items]
Derivative financial liabilities	$ 1,859,700	$ 794,235	$ 2,733,836
Conversion feature on promissory notes [Member]
Disclosure of financial liabilities [line items]
Derivative financial liabilities	1,859,700	794,235	2,568,188
Interest rate swaps [Member]
Disclosure of financial liabilities [line items]
Derivative financial liabilities	$ 0	$ 0	$ 165,648

XML

24. Derivative Financial Liabilities (Details - Assumptions) - Level 2 of fair value hierarchy [Member] - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Disclosure of financial liabilities [line items]
Average stock price volatility	80.08%	100.60%	141.03%
Bottom of range [Member]
Disclosure of financial liabilities [line items]
Conversion price	$ 1.30	$ 1.40	$ 1.40
Stock price	$ 1.30	$ 1.80	$ 1.25
Risk-free interest rate	0.82%	0.44%	0.09%
Expected term (in years)	4 days	4 days	1 month 2 days
Top of range [Member]
Disclosure of financial liabilities [line items]
Conversion price	$ 1.80	$ 3.55	$ 3.55
Stock price	$ 1.98	$ 3.55	$ 4.00
Risk-free interest rate	1.90%	0.92%	0.71%
Expected term (in years)	1 year	1 year	1 year

XML

24. Derivative Financial Liabilities (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Interest rate swaps [Member]
Disclosure of financial liabilities [line items]
Amount payable to financial institution	$ 163,741
Notional value of derivatives			$ 1,432,225
Gain (loss) on change in fair value of derivatives		$ 18,096	$ 33,558
Conversion feature on promissory notes [Member]
Disclosure of financial liabilities [line items]
Notional value of derivatives	1,859,700
Gain (loss) on change in fair value of derivatives	$ 292,562

XML

25. Provisions (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Provisions Details
Post-employment benefits	$ 37,363	$ 35,734	$ 22,464
Tax liabilities	5,338	4,474	5,364
Other provisions	28,012	0	142,514
Total provisions	$ 70,713	$ 40,208	$ 170,342

XML

26. Share-Based Payment (Details - Option activity)	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	May 31, 2017 shares	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($) shares $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($) shares $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($) shares $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2014 USD ($) shares $ / shares
Number of share options outstanding [Roll Forward]
Exercised	2,900
Employee Stock Option [Member]
Number of share options outstanding [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance		484,250	202,500	77,000
Granted			313,000	125,500
Exercised		(2,900)	0	0
Cancelled		(7,500)	(31,250)	0
Ending balance		473,850	484,250	202,500	77,000
Weighted average exercise price per share [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance | $ / shares		1.132	2.759	0.669
Ending balance | $ / shares		1.132	1.132	2.759	0.669
Weighted average remaining contractual term [Roll Forward]
Weighted average remained contractual term (in years)		3 years 10 months 6 days	4 years 8 months 8 days	5 years	4 years 4 months 24 days
Aggregate intrinsic value [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance | $		$ 743,564	$ 413,693	$ 67,414
Granted | $			329,871	346,280
Exercised | $		0	0	0
Cancelled | $		(2,400)	0	0
Ending balance | $		$ 741,164	$ 743,564	$ 413,693	$ 67,414

XML

26. Share-Based Payment (Details - Unvested activity) - shares	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	May 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Number of other equity instruments outstanding [Roll Forward]
Vested	2,900
Unvested Stock Option [Member]
Number of other equity instruments outstanding [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance		109,600	94,687	62,031
Granted			313,000	125,500
Vested		(99,249)	(266,837)	(92,844)
Cancelled		(7,500)	(31,250)
Ending balance		2,851	109,600	94,687

XML

26. Share-Based Payment (Details - Assumptions)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($) $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($) $ / shares
Disclosure of terms and conditions of share-based payment arrangement [line items]
Expected term (in years)	5 years	5 years
Weighted average expected stock price volatility	71.32%	34.28%
Expected dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%
Weighted average grant-date fair value of options granted | $ / shares	2.7592	1.0539
Bottom of range [Member]
Disclosure of terms and conditions of share-based payment arrangement [line items]
Stock price	$ 2	$ 1
Risk-free interest rate	0.94%	1.18%
Top of range [Member]
Disclosure of terms and conditions of share-based payment arrangement [line items]
Stock price	$ 4	$ 4
Risk-free interest rate	2.10%	1.81%

XML

26. Share-Based Payment (Details Narrative)	1 Months Ended				5 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	May 31, 2017 shares	Oct. 31, 2016 shares	Apr. 30, 2016 shares	Jan. 31, 2016 shares	Sep. 30, 2015 shares	Sep. 30, 2014 shares	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($) shares $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($) shares	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($) shares	Nov. 30, 2010 shares	Feb. 25, 2010 shares
Disclosure of terms and conditions of share-based payment arrangement [line items]
Number of share exercised	2,900
Dividend yield | $ / shares							$ 0
Risk free rate							5 years
Share-based compensation expense | $							$ 95,419	$ 370,040	$ 260,819
2018 | $							20,302
2019 | $							7,164
2020 | $							$ 27
Officer [Member]
Disclosure of terms and conditions of share-based payment arrangement [line items]
Number of share granted						62,000
Employees [Member]
Disclosure of terms and conditions of share-based payment arrangement [line items]
Number of share granted						7,500
Director [Member]
Disclosure of terms and conditions of share-based payment arrangement [line items]
Number of share granted					125,500				100,000
Two Director [Member]
Disclosure of terms and conditions of share-based payment arrangement [line items]
Number of share granted				150,000
Two Officer [Member]
Disclosure of terms and conditions of share-based payment arrangement [line items]
Number of share granted			140,000
External Consultants [Member]
Disclosure of terms and conditions of share-based payment arrangement [line items]
Number of share granted		23,000
Employee Stock Option [Member]
Disclosure of terms and conditions of share-based payment arrangement [line items]
Number of shares authorised			200,000		280,000					200,000	20,000
Number of share granted								313,000	125,500
Number of share exercised							(2,900)	0	0

XML

27. Contingencies and Commitments (Details Narrative)							1 Months Ended
	Mar. 24, 2018 EUR (€)	Mar. 09, 2017 USD ($)	Mar. 09, 2017 EUR (€)	Apr. 27, 2015 USD ($)	Apr. 08, 2015 USD ($)	Mar. 14, 2013 EUR (€)	Jun. 30, 2016 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2016 EUR (€)	Jul. 31, 2014 USD ($)
Auchan S.p.A [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial assets [line items]
Litigation settlement expense | $							$ 221,440
Auchan S.p.A [Member] | Euro Member Countries, Euro
Disclosure of offsetting of financial assets [line items]
Damages sought value						€ 4,500,000
Litigation settlement expense								€ 200,000
Morgan Joseph and BHN LLC [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial assets [line items]
Damages sought value | $				$ 2,500,000	$ 9,000,000				$ 1,300,000
Andrea Crespi-Belskij [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial assets [line items]
Damages awarded value | $		$ 3,165
Andrea Crespi-Belskij [Member] | Euro Member Countries, Euro
Disclosure of offsetting of financial assets [line items]
Damages awarded value			€ 3,000
Andrea Crespi-Belskij [Member] | Euro Member Countries, Euro | Non-adjusting events after reporting period [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial assets [line items]
Litigation settlement expense	€ 6,000

XML

28. Capital Management (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Capital Management Details
Carrying amount of loans and borrowings	$ 22,584,601	$ 25,317,163	$ 26,807,987
External valuation of completed investment property	$ 33,829,902	$ 35,786,053	$ 37,407,083
Loan to value ratio	67.00%	71.00%	72.00%

XML

29. Tenant Concentrations (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016		Dec. 31, 2015
Microelettrica [Member]
Disclosure of offsetting of financial assets [line items]
Group's annual rental revenue	59.61%	59.53%	[1]	59.62%	[1]

[1] Restated for discontinued operations (see note 9 - Discontinued Operations).

XML

30. Subsequent Events (Details Narrative)	Apr. 30, 2018 USD ($)	Feb. 08, 2018 USD ($) $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2016 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($)
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Carrying amount of loans and borrowings			$ 22,584,601	$ 25,317,163	$ 26,807,987
Non-adjusting events after reporting period [Member] | Ellegi S.r.l. (Ellegi) [Member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Percentage of leasable area sold		58.00%
Sale of property		$ 2,270,000
Exchange rate | $ / shares		1.2270
Non-adjusting events after reporting period [Member] | Ellegi S.r.l. (Ellegi) [Member] | Euro Member Countries, Euro
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Sale of property		$ 1,850,000
Exchange rate | $ / shares		1
Non-adjusting events after reporting period [Member] | Ellegi S.r.l. (Ellegi) [Member] | Euro Member Countries, Euro | Buozzi Building [Member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Sale of property		$ 150,000
Non-adjusting events after reporting period [Member] | 10% Four Unsecured Convertible Promissory Notes [Member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Interest rate on notes	10.00%
Principal amount	$ 50,000
Non-adjusting events after reporting period [Member] | 10% Nineteen Unsecured Convertible Promissory Notes [Member]
Disclosure of detailed information about borrowings [line items]
Interest rate on notes	10.00%
Principal amount	$ 4,924,281
Increase in principal amount of borrowings	155,329
Accrued interest on borrowings	1,162,012
Carrying amount of loans and borrowings	$ 6,086,293