EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

A net loss cannot be diluted. Therefore, when the Company is in a net loss position, basic and diluted loss per common share are the same. If the Company achieves profitability, the denominator of a diluted earnings per common share calculation includes both the weighted-average number of shares outstanding and the number of common stock equivalents, if the inclusion of such common stock equivalents would be dilutive. Dilutive common stock equivalents potentially include warrants, stock options and non-vested restricted stock awards and units using the treasury stock method, along with the effect, if any, from outstanding convertible securities. The majority of the Company’s outstanding warrants to purchase common stock have participation rights to any dividends that may be declared in the future and are therefore considered to be participating securities. Participating securities have the effect of diluting both basic and diluted earnings per share during periods of income. During periods of loss, no loss is allocated to the participating securities since the holders have no contractual obligation to share in the losses of the Company.

Additionally, an entity that presents earnings per share shall recognize the value of the effect of an anti-dilution provision in an equity-classified freestanding financial instrument in the period the anti-dilution provision is triggered. That effect shall be treated as a deemed dividend and as a reduction of income available to common stockholders in basic earnings per share. The deemed dividend is added back to income available to common stockholders when applying the treasury stock method for diluted earnings per share.

For periods with net income, diluted net earnings per share is calculated by either (i) adjusting the weighted-average shares outstanding for the dilutive effect of common stock equivalents outstanding for the period as determined using the treasury stock method or (ii) the two-class method considering common stock equivalents, whichever is more dilutive. The two-class method is an earnings allocation formula that treats a participating security as having rights to earnings that otherwise would have been available to common stockholders.

The two-class method was not applied for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 as the Company’s participating securities do not have any obligation to absorb net losses.

For purposes of the diluted net loss per share calculation, common stock equivalents are excluded from the calculation if their effect would be anti-dilutive.

The following potentially dilutive securities outstanding as of December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 have been excluded from the denominator of the diluted loss per share of common stock outstanding calculation (in thousands):


	December 31,
	2022	2021	2020
Warrants	187	199	2,247
Stock options	15,304	15,703	10,147
RSUs and PSUs	4,695	—	—
Total	20,186	15,902	12,394