STOCKHOLDERS' (DEFICIT) EQUITY

Equity Financings

November 2019 ATM Offering

In November 2019, the Company entered into an Open Market Sale Agreement ^SM (the "Sales Agreement") with Jefferies LLC ("Jefferies"), under which the Company may issue and sell shares of its common stock from time to time for an aggregate sales price of up to $35.0 million through Jefferies (the "ATM Offering"). Sales of common stock under the Sales Agreement are made by any method that is deemed to be an ATM offering as defined in Rule 415(a)(4) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, including but not limited to sales made directly on or through the Nasdaq Global Market or any other existing trading market for the common stock. The Company has no obligation to sell any of its common stock and may at any time suspend offers under the Sales Agreement or terminate the Sales Agreement. Subject to the terms and conditions of the Sales Agreement, Jefferies will use its commercially reasonable efforts to sell common stock from time to time, as the sales agent, based upon the Company’s instructions, which include a prohibition on sales below a floor of $1.00 per share. The Company has provided Jefferies with customary indemnification rights, and Jefferies is entitled to a commission at a fixed rate equal to 3.0% of the gross proceeds for each sale of common stock. The Company incurred $0.2 million in legal, accounting and printing costs related to the Prospectus Supplement filed with the SEC in connection with the ATM Offering. Through December 31, 2019, the Company raised $1.9 million of net proceeds from the sale of 2.1 million shares of common stock under the ATM Offering.

June 2019 Financing

In June 2019, the Company raised $27.8 million of net proceeds from the sale of 20.4 million shares of common stock and accompanying warrants to purchase an additional 20.4 million shares of common stock in an underwritten public offering (the "June 2019 Financing"). The combined purchase price for each share of common stock and accompanying warrant was $1.47. Subject to certain ownership limitations, the warrants issued in the June 2019 Financing were exercisable immediately upon issuance at an exercise price of $1.47 per share, subject to adjustments as provided under the terms of such warrants, and have a one-year term expiring on June 21, 2020.

June 2018 Financing

In June 2018, the Company raised $41.9 million of net proceeds from the sale of 25.6 million shares of common stock at a price of $1.80 per share in an underwritten public offering.

March 2018 Financing

In March 2018, the Company raised $9.0 million of net proceeds from the sale of (i) 8.0 million shares of common stock at a price of $1.13 per share in a registered direct public offering and (ii) 8.0 million warrants to purchase shares of common stock (the "2018 Warrants") at a price of $0.125 per 2018 Warrant in a concurrent private placement (collectively, the “March 2018 Financing”). Subject to certain ownership limitations, the 2018 Warrants issued in the March 2018 Financing were exercisable immediately upon issuance at an original exercise price of $1.20 per share, subject to adjustments as provided under the terms of such warrants, and have a five-year term expiring on March 23, 2023. See "Warrant Modifications" below for additional information.

November 2017 Financing

In November 2017, the Company raised $7.0 million of net proceeds from the sale of (i) 5.5 million units (each unit consisting of one share of common stock and one warrant to purchase one share of common stock ("2017 Warrant")) at a price of $0.80 per unit and (ii) 4.5 million pre-funded units (each pre-funded unit consisting of one pre-funded warrant to purchase one share of common stock ("Pre-funded Warrant") and one 2017 Warrant) at a price of $0.79 per pre-funded unit (collectively, the "November 2017 Financing"). Each 2017 Warrant to purchase common stock contained in a unit or pre-funded unit had an original exercise price of $0.80 per share, was exercisable immediately and will expire five years from the date of issuance. See "Warrant Modifications" below for additional information. Each Pre-funded Warrant contained in a pre-funded unit was exercisable for one share of common stock at an exercise price of $0.01 per share. As of December 31, 2017, all of the Pre-funded Warrants sold in the November 2017 Financing were exercised by the holders.

Preferred Stock

Pursuant to its Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the "Certificate of Incorporation"), the Company is authorized to issue 5.0 million shares of "blank check" preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share, which enables its board of directors, from time to time, to create one or more series of preferred stock. Each series of preferred stock issued shall have the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions as designated by the board of directors. The issuance of any series of preferred stock could affect, among other things, the dividend, voting and liquidation rights of the Company's common stock. The Company had no preferred stock issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2019 and 2018.

Common Stock

Pursuant to its Certificate of Incorporation, the Company is authorized to issue 200.0 million shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share, of which 106.8 million and 77.5 million shares were issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. In addition, the Company had reserved for issuance the following amounts of shares of its common stock for the purposes described below as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):



	December 31,
	2019	2018
Shares of common stock issued	106,801	77,456
Shares of common stock reserved for issuance for:
Warrants	22,895	9,258
Stock options	6,236	3,942
Shares available for grant under 2014 Stock Incentive Plan	8,753	2,001
Shares available for sale under 2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan	28	38
Total shares of common stock issued and reserved for issuance	144,713	92,695

The voting, dividend and liquidation rights of holders of shares of common stock are subject to and qualified by the rights, powers and preferences of holders of shares of preferred stock. Each share of common stock entitles the holder to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of the Company's stockholders; provided, however, that, except as otherwise required by law, holders of common stock shall not be entitled to vote on any amendment to the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation that relates solely to the terms of one or more outstanding series of preferred stock if the holders of such affected series are entitled, either separately or together as a class with the holders of one or more such series, to vote thereon. There shall be no cumulative voting.

Dividends may be declared and paid on the common stock from funds lawfully available thereof as and when determined by the board of directors and subject to any preferential dividend or other rights of any then-outstanding preferred stock. The Company has never declared or paid, and for the foreseeable future does not expect to declare or pay, dividends on its common stock.

Upon the dissolution or liquidation of the Company, whether voluntary or involuntary, holders of common stock will be entitled to receive all assets of the Company available for distribution to its stockholders, subject to any preferential or other rights of any then-outstanding preferred stock.

Warrants

All of the Company’s outstanding warrants are non-tradeable and equity-classified because they meet the derivative scope exception under ASC Topic 815-40, Derivatives and Hedging - Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity ("ASC 815-40"). The following table sets forth the Company's warrant activity for the year ended December 31, 2019 (in thousands):



Issued	Exercise Price	Expiration	December 31, 2018	Issued	(Exercised)		December 31, 2019
Jun-2019	$1.47	Jun-2020	—	20,410	—		20,410
Mar-2018	$0.95*	Mar-2023	7,211	—	(5,268	)	1,943
Nov-2017	$0.55*	Nov-2022	1,992	—	(1,505	)	487
May-2015	$11.83	Nov-2024	28	—	—		28
Nov-2014	$11.04	Nov-2024	27	—	—		27
			9,258	20,410	(6,773	)	22,895

* Exercise price shown (i) reflects modification described below and (ii) subject to further adjustment based on down round provision added by amendment described below.

During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company received proceeds of $5.5 million from the exercises of 5.3 million 2018 Warrants and 1.5 million 2017 Warrants.

Warrant Modifications

In October 2019, the Company entered into transactions with holders of its outstanding 2018 Warrants and 2017 Warrants to purchase the Company's common stock.

2018 Warrants

On October 28, 2019, the Company entered into transactions with the holders of its outstanding 2018 Warrants pursuant to which such holders either (i) exercised their warrants pursuant to a Warrant Exercise Agreement (the "2018 Warrant Exercise Agreements") or (ii) amended their warrants pursuant to a Warrant Amendment Agreement (the "2018 Warrant Amendment Agreements"). As consideration for those holders executing the 2018 Warrant Exercise Agreements, the Company reduced the exercise price of the warrants from $1.20 to $0.60 per share of the Company's common stock, resulting in proceeds of $2.0 million from the exercise of 3.4 million warrants. Pursuant to the 2018 Warrant Amendment Agreements, the prohibition on certain variable rate transactions included in the 2018 Warrants was amended to exclude ATM offerings and the exercise price of the warrants was reduced from $1.20 to the lesser of (a) $0.95 per share of common stock and (b) the exercise price as determined from time to time pursuant to the anti-dilution provisions in the 2018 Warrant Amendment Agreements.

In connection with the 2018 Warrant Exercise Agreements and 2018 Warrant Amendment Agreements, the Company entered into an amendment to the Securities Purchase Agreement dated March 21, 2018 related to the March 2018 Financing, by and among the Company and each purchaser identified on the signature pages thereto, with certain holders representing greater than 50.1% of the securities issued based on initial subscription amounts, pursuant to which the prohibition on variable rate transactions, including ATM offerings, contained in section 4.12(b) was deleted in its entirety.

2017 Warrants

On October 28, 2019, the Company entered into transactions with the holders of its outstanding 2017 Warrants pursuant to which such holders either (i) exercised their warrants pursuant to a Warrant Exercise Agreement (the "2017 Warrant Exercise Agreements") or (ii) amended their warrants pursuant to a Warrant Amendment Agreement (the "2017 Warrant Amendment Agreements"). As consideration for those holders executing the 2017 Warrant Exercise Agreements, the Company reduced the exercise price of the warrants from $0.80 to $0.55 per share of the Company's common stock. Pursuant to the 2017 Warrant Amendment Agreements, the prohibition on certain variable rate transactions included in the 2017 Warrants was amended to exclude ATM offerings and the exercise price of the warrants was reduced from $0.80 to the lesser of (a) $0.55 per share of common stock and (b) the exercise price as determined from time to time pursuant to the anti-dilution provisions in the 2017 Warrant Amendment Agreements.

Accounting Implications

The 2018 Warrants and 2017 Warrants utilize the same Form of Warrant, which contained in Section 5d) a prohibition on variable rate transactions (as defined therein). The warrant holders agreed to waive such prohibition in exchange for the concessions from the Company described above. Management evaluated the warrants after modifications and determined that they continued to be equity-classified under the derivative scope exception of ASC 815-40. The warrants were revalued immediately before and immediately after the modifications to calculate the $1.1 million incremental value of the modified warrants. The Company considers this incremental value to be akin to an offering cost since the modifications were directly related to enabling the ATM Offering and would not have otherwise been incurred. Management initially capitalized the $1.1 million to deferred financing cost asset, with an offsetting credit to additional paid-in capital, and then reclassified the deferred financing cost asset to reduce the ATM Offering proceeds within equity as proceeds were received from sales of common stock under the ATM Offering.