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Fair Value Measurements
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2024
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair Value Measurements Fair Value Measurements
The Company estimates the fair value of financial assets and liabilities based on the framework established in fair value accounting guidance. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (an exit price). The hierarchy described below prioritizes inputs to the valuation techniques used in measuring the fair value of assets and liabilities. This hierarchy maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring the most observable inputs to be used when available. The hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the reliability of inputs as follows:

• Level 1— inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets and liabilities in active markets
• Level 2— inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.
• Level 3— inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to fair value.

Financial Instruments Not Carried at Fair Value

The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments that are not recorded at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets:

Cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable (included in other assets), accounts payable and accrued liabilities: The carrying amounts reported in the balance sheets for these instruments approximate their fair value due to the short term nature of these accounts.

Junior subordinated notes: At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the estimated fair value of the notes is lower than their carrying value by approximately $3,577,000 and $3,613,000, respectively, based on a market interest rate of 8.60% and 8.60%, respectively. The Company values its junior subordinated notes using a discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of each instrument.

Mortgages payable: At March 31, 2024, the estimated fair value of the Company’s mortgages payable is lower than their carrying value by approximately $39,019,000, assuming market interest rates between 5.20% and 6.55%. At December 31, 2023, the estimated fair value of the Company's mortgages payable was lower than their carrying value by approximately $34,195,000, assuming market interest rates between 4.88% and 6.23%. Market interest rates were determined using rates which the Company believes reflects institutional lender yield requirements at the balance sheet dates. The Company values its mortgages payable using a discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of each instrument.
Considerable judgment is necessary to interpret market data and develop estimated fair value. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value. The fair value of debt obligations are considered to be Level 2 valuations within the fair value hierarchy.