Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2018

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of identifiable net assets acquired in a business combination. Goodwill is assigned to specific reporting units and is tested annually for impairment as of October 31 or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is below its carrying value.

The Company recorded preliminary goodwill within the United States Print and Related Services segment related to acquisitions completed during the three months ended March 31, 2018. The amount of preliminary goodwill is subject to the final determination of acquired working capital and completion of the final valuation of the net assets acquired. Activity impacting goodwill for the three months ended March 31, 2018, was as follows:



	United States Print and Related Services		International		Total
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	—	$	—	$	—
Ivie acquisition (see Note 3)	29.4		—		29.4
Rise acquisition (see Note 3)	58.6		—		58.6
Balance at March 31, 2018	$	88.0	$	—	$	88.0

The accumulated goodwill impairment losses and the carrying value of goodwill at March 31, 2018, and December 31, 2017, were as follows:



	March 31, 2018									December 31, 2017
	United States Print and Related Services			International			Total			United States Print and Related Services			International			Total
Goodwill	$	866.3		$	30.0		$	896.3		$	778.3		$	30.0		$	808.3
Accumulated goodwill impairment loss	(778.3		)	(30.0		)	(808.3		)	(778.3		)	(30.0		)	(808.3		)
Ending Balance	$	88.0		$	—		$	88.0		$	—		$	—		$	—

Other Intangible Assets

The components of finite-lived intangible assets at March 31, 2018, and December 31, 2017, were as follows:



	March 31, 2018								December 31, 2017
	Weighted Average Amortization Period (Years)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Book Value		Weighted Average Amortization Period (Years)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Book Value
Trademarks, patents, licenses and agreements	6	$	51.6	$	(15.0	)	$	36.6	7	$	24.0	$	(13.5	)	$	10.5
Capitalized software	5	10.2		(2.6		)	7.6		5	2.8		(2.3		)	0.5
Acquired technology	5	2.0		(2.0		)	—		5	2.0		(2.0		)	—
Customer relationships	6	505.4		(433.0		)	72.4		6	460.8		(428.4		)	32.4
Total		$	569.2	$	(452.6	)	$	116.6		$	489.6	$	(446.2	)	$	43.4

During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the gross carrying amount of other intangible assets increased primarily due to $78.6 million of acquired identifiable finite-lived intangible assets as discussed in Note 3, "Acquisitions and Strategic Investments." The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization within other intangible assets—net in the condensed consolidated balance sheets at March 31, 2018, and December 31, 2017, differs from the value originally recorded at acquisition due to impairment charges recorded in prior years and the effects of currency fluctuations since the purchase date.

Other intangible assets are evaluated for potential impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. There were no impairment charges recorded on finite-lived intangible assets for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

Amortization expense for other intangible assets was $5.8 million and $4.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The estimated future amortization expense related to other intangible assets as of March 31, 2018, was as follows:



	Amortization Expense
Remainder of 2018	$	24.3
2019	27.7
2020	22.3
2021	14.6
2022	12.2
2023 and thereafter	15.5
Total	$	116.6

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the aggregate amount of goodwill and a description of intangible assets, which may include (a) for amortizable intangible assets (also referred to as finite-lived intangible assets), the carrying amount, the amount of any significant residual value, and the weighted-average amortization period, (b) for intangible assets not subject to amortization (also referred to as indefinite-lived intangible assets), the carrying amount, and (c) the amount of research and development assets acquired and written off in the period, including the line item in the income statement in which the amounts written off are aggregated, if not readily apparent from the income statement. Also discloses (a) for amortizable intangibles assets in total and by major class, the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization, the total amortization expense for the period, and the estimated aggregate amortization expense for each of the five succeeding fiscal years, (b) for intangible assets not subject to amortization the carrying amount in total and by major class, and (c) for goodwill, in total and for each reportable segment, the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill during the period (including the aggregate amount of goodwill acquired, the aggregate amount of impairment losses recognized, and the amount of goodwill included in the gain (loss) on disposal of a reporting unit). If any part of goodwill has not been allocated to a reportable segment, discloses the unallocated amount and the reasons for not allocating. For each impairment loss recognized related to an intangible asset (excluding goodwill), discloses: (a) a description of the impaired intangible asset and the facts and circumstances leading to the impairment, (b) the amount of the impairment loss and the method for determining fair value, (c) the caption in the income statement or the statement of activities in which the impairment loss is aggregated, and (d) the segment in which the impaired intangible asset is reported. For each goodwill impairment loss recognized, discloses: (a) a description of the facts and circumstances leading to the impairment, (b) the amount of the impairment loss and the method of determining the fair value of the associated reporting unit, and (c) if a recognized impairment loss is an estimate not finalized and the reasons why the estimate is not final. May also disclose the nature and amount of any significant adjustments made to a previous estimate of an impairment loss.

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