Basis of Presentation (Policies)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2017

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurement

Certain assets and liabilities are required to be recorded at fair value on a recurring basis, while other assets and liabilities are recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, generally as a result of acquisitions or impairment charges. Fair value is determined based on the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. GAAP also classifies the inputs used to measure fair value into the following hierarchy:

Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability.

Level 3: Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability. There were no Level 3 recurring measurements of assets or liabilities as of June 30, 2017.

Earnings Per Share

The calculation of diluted earnings (loss) per share includes the effect of any dilutive equity incentive instruments. The Company uses the treasury stock method to calculate the effect of outstanding dilutive equity incentive instruments, which requires the Company to compute total proceeds as the sum of the amount the employee must pay upon exercise of the award and the amount of unearned stock-based compensation costs attributable to future services.

Equity incentive instruments for which the total employee proceeds from exercise exceed the average fair value of the same equity incentive instrument over the period have an anti-dilutive effect on earnings per share during periods with net earnings, and accordingly, the Company excludes them from the calculation.

Share-based Compensation, Option and Incentive Plans

The Company recognizes compensation expense based on estimated grant date fair values for all share-based awards issued to employees and non-employee directors, including stock options, performance shares, performance share units, restricted stock, restricted stock units and deferred stock units. The Company recognizes these compensation costs for only those awards expected to vest, on a straight-line basis over the requisite three to four year service period of the awards, except deferred stock units, which are fully vested and expensed on the grant date. The Company estimated the number of awards expected to vest based, in part, on historical forfeiture rates and also based on management's expectations of employee turnover within the specific employee groups receiving each type of award. Forfeitures are estimated at the time of grant and revised in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.

New Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update 2017-09 "Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting" ("ASU 2017-09"), which clarifies the types of changes to terms or conditions for share based payment awards that would require an entity to apply the modification accounting guidance. The guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. This new guidance will require a prospective adoption approach. The Company believes the adoption of ASU 2017-09 will not have a material impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements.

In March 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2017-07 "Compensation—Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost" ("ASU 2017-07"), which requires that an employer disaggregate the service cost component from net benefit cost and provides guidance on how to present the service costs and other components of net benefit costs in the income statement. Under the new standard, an entity must report the service cost component in the same line item as other compensation costs. The other components of net benefit cost will be required to be presented in the income statement separately from the service cost component and outside a subtotal of income from operations. The guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted as of the beginning of an annual period for which financial statements have not been issued or made available for issuance. This new guidance will require a retrospective adoption approach for the classification of components of net periodic benefit cost in the income statement. The Company is evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU 2017-07 on the condensed consolidated financial statements.

In November 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2016-18 "Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 320): Restricted Cash" ("ASU 2016-18"), which clarifies guidance on the classification and presentation of restricted cash in the statement of cash flows. The guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. This new guidance will require a retrospective adoption approach. The Company believes the adoption of ASU 2016-18 will not have a material impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2016-15 "Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments" ("ASU 2016-15"), which is intended to reduce diversity in practice, providing guidance on eight specific cash flow classification issues with regards to how the cash receipts and cash payments are presented within the statements of cash flows. The guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. This new guidance will require a retrospective adoption approach unless it is impracticable to apply, in which case the guidance should be applied prospectively as of the earliest date practicable. The Company believes the adoption of ASU 2016-15 will not have a material impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2016-13 "Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments" ("ASU 2016-13"), which changes the impairment model for most financial assets and certain other instruments. Under the new guidance, entities will be required to measure expected credit losses for financial instruments, including trade receivables, based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable forecasts. This guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. This new guidance will require a modified retrospective transition approach, where the entity will need to apply a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings (accumulated deficit) as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is adopted. The Company is evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU 2016-13 on the condensed consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2016-02 "Leases (Topic 842)" ("ASU 2016-02"), which establishes a right-of-use model requiring a lessee to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than twelve months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition. The guidance also requires additional disclosures to enable users of financial statements to understand the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. This guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. This new guidance will require a modified retrospective transition approach for all leases existing at, or entered into after, the date of initial application, with an option to elect to use certain transition relief. The modified retrospective transition approach would require the application of the new accounting model for the earliest year presented in the financial statements. The Company is evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU 2016-02 on the condensed consolidated financial statements.

In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2014-09 "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)" ("ASU 2014-09"), which provides revised guidance on recognizing revenue from contracts with customers. Under this guidance, an entity will recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to the customer in the amount that reflects what it expects in exchange for the goods or services. This guidance also requires more detailed disclosures to enable users of the financial statements to understand the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of the revenue and cash flow arising from contracts with customers. This guidance allows the option of either a full retrospective adoption, meaning the guidance is applied to all periods presented, or a modified retrospective adoption, meaning the guidance is applied only to the most current period. As amended, ASU 2014-09 is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company plans to adopt the standard in the first quarter of 2018.

The Company has established a cross-functional implementation team to evaluate the impact of ASU 2014-09 on the consolidated financial statements. The Company has identified and is in the process of implementing changes to its systems, processes and internal controls to meet the standard's reporting and disclosure requirements. The Company continues to assess all potential impacts of the standard. Currently, the Company believes there is a potential impact related to the timing of revenue recognition, because contracts with customers may qualify for over-time revenue recognition, rather than point-in-time revenue recognition, which is the Company's current policy. As of June 30, 2017, the Company's final assessment of the timing of revenue recognition within its United States Print and Related Services segment is nearing completion while the evaluation for the International segment is ongoing. If the Company determines some contracts qualify for revenue recognition over-time, the impact on the date of adoption could be significant to the condensed consolidated financial statements and the Company's systems, processes and internal controls. However, many of the Company's systems already have key functionality to enable the preparation of revenue under an over-time recognition model. The Company currently anticipates applying the modified retrospective approach when adopting this guidance and remains on schedule for implementation in the first quarter of 2018.