Fair Value Disclosures
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Jun. 30, 2012
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Fair Value Disclosures |
FASB
ASC 820 defines fair value as the price that would be received to
sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly
transaction between market participants. A fair value measurement
assumes that the transaction to sell the asset or transfer the
liability occurs in the principal market for the asset or liability
or, in the absence of a principal market, the most advantageous
market for the asset or liability. The price in the principal (or
most advantageous) market used to measure the fair value of the
asset or liability shall not be adjusted for transaction costs. An
orderly transaction is a transaction that assumes exposure to the
market for a period prior to the measurement date to allow for
marketing activities that are usual and customary for transactions
involving such assets and liabilities; it is not a forced
transaction. Market participants are buyers and sellers in the
principal market that are (i) independent, (ii) knowledgeable,
(iii) able to transact and (iv) willing to
transact.
FASB
ASC 820 requires the use of valuation techniques that are
consistent with the market approach, the income approach and/or the
cost approach. The market approach uses prices and other relevant
information generated by market transactions involving identical or
comparable assets and liabilities. The income approach uses
valuation techniques to convert future amounts, such as cash flows
or earnings, to a single present amount on a discounted basis. The
cost approach is based on the amount that currently would be
required to replace the service capacity of an asset (replacement
costs). Valuation techniques should be consistently applied. Inputs
to valuation techniques refer to the assumptions that market
participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Inputs
may be observable, meaning those that reflect the assumptions
market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability
developed based on market data obtained from independent sources,
or unobservable, meaning those that reflect the reporting
entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions market
participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed
based on the best information available in the circumstances. In
that regard, FASB ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy for
valuation inputs that gives the highest priority to quoted prices
in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the
lowest priority to unobservable inputs.
The
fair value hierarchy is as follows:
A
description of the valuation methodologies used for assets and
liabilities measured at fair value, as well as the general
classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation
hierarchy, is set forth below.
In
general, fair value is based upon quoted market prices, where
available. If such quoted market prices are not available, fair
value is based upon internally developed models that primarily use,
as inputs, observable market-based parameters. Valuation
adjustments may be made to ensure that financial instruments are
recorded at fair value. While management believes the
Company’s valuation methodologies are appropriate and
consistent with other market participants, the use of different
methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain
financial instruments could result in a different estimate of fair
value at the reporting date.
Available for Sale Securities – Securities classified
as available for sale are reported at fair value utilizing Level 1
and Level 2 inputs. For these securities, the Company obtains fair
value measurements from an independent pricing service. The fair
value measurements consider observable data that may include dealer
quotes, market spreads, cash flows, the U. S. Treasury yield curve,
live trading levels, trade execution data, market consensus
prepayments speeds, credit information and the bond’s terms
and conditions, among other things.
Impaired Loans – Impaired loans are reported at the
fair value of the underlying collateral if repayment is expected
solely from the collateral. Collateral values are estimated using
Level 3 inputs based on internally customized discounting
criteria.
Loans Held for Sale – These loans are reported at the
lower of cost or fair value. Fair value is determined based on
expected proceeds based on sales contracts and commitments and are
considered Level 2 inputs.
Repossessed Assets –
Fair values are valued at the time the loan is foreclosed upon and
the asset is transferred from loans. The value is based
upon primary third party appraisals, less costs to
sell. The appraisals are generally discounted based on
management’s historical knowledge, changes in market
conditions from the time of valuation, and/or management’s
expertise and knowledge of the client and client’s
business. Such discounts are typically significant and
result in Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair
value. Repossessed assets are reviewed and evaluated on
at least a quarterly basis for additional impairment and adjusted
accordingly, based on same or similar factors
above.
Loan Subject to Fair Value Hedge –
The Company has one loan that is
carried at fair value subject to a fair value
hedge. Fair value is determined utilizing valuation
models that consider the scheduled cash flows through anticipated
maturity and is considered a Level 3 input.
Derivative financial instruments – Fair values for interest rate swap agreements are
based upon the amounts required to settle the
contracts. These instruments are valued using Level 3
inputs utilizing valuation models that consider: (a) time value,
(b) volatility factors and (c) current market and contractual
prices for the underlying instruments, as well as other relevant
economic measures. Although the Company utilizes
counterparties’ valuations to assess the reasonableness of
its prices and valuation techniques, there is not sufficient
corroborating market evidence to support classifying these assets
and liabilities as Level 2.
The
following table summarizes financial assets and financial
liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June
30, 2012 and 2011, segregated by the level of the valuation inputs
within the fair value hierarchy utilized to measure fair value
(dollars in thousands):
Certain
financial assets and financial liabilities are measured at fair
value on a nonrecurring basis; that is, the instruments are not
measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to fair
value adjustments in certain circumstances (for example, when there
is evidence of impairment).
The
following table summarizes financial assets and financial
liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of
June 30, 2012 and 2011, segregated by the level of the valuation
inputs within the fair value hierarchy utilized to measure fair
value (dollars in thousands):
During
the year ended June 30, 2012, certain impaired loans were
remeasured and reported at fair value through a specific valuation
allowance allocation of the allowance for possible loan losses
based upon the fair value of the underlying collateral. Impaired
loans with a carrying value of $2,000 were reduced by specific
valuation allowance allocations totaling $2,000 to a total reported
fair value of $0 based on
collateral valuations utilizing Level 3 valuation
inputs.
FASB
ASC Topic 825 requires disclosure of the fair value of financial
instruments, both assets and liabilities recognized and not
recognized in the statement of financial position, for which it is
practicable to estimate fair value. Below is a table
that summarizes the fair market values of all financial instruments
of the Company at June 30, 2012 and 2011, followed by methods and
assumptions that were used by the Company in estimating the fair
value of the classes of financial instruments.
The
estimated fair value amounts of financial instruments have been
determined by the Company using available market information and
appropriate valuation methodologies. However,
considerable judgment is required to interpret data to develop the
estimates of fair value. Accordingly, the estimates presented
herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company
could realize in a current market exchange. The use of
different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may
have a material effect on the estimated fair value
amounts.
The
following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in
estimating the fair value of the following classes of financial
instruments.
Securities held to maturity – Securities classified as
held to maturity are reported at amortized cost. For these
securities, the Company obtains fair value measurements from an
independent pricing service. The fair value measurements consider
observable data that may include dealer quotes, market spreads,
cash flows, the U. S. Treasury yield curve, live trading levels,
trade execution data, market consensus prepayments speeds, credit
information and the bond’s terms and conditions, among other
things.
Loans receivable – Fair values are estimated by
stratifying the loan portfolio into groups of loans with similar
financial characteristics. Loans are segregated by type
such as real estate, commercial, and consumer, with each category
further segmented into fixed and adjustable rate interest
terms. For mortgage loans, the Company uses the
secondary market rates in effect for loans that have similar
characteristics. The fair value of other fixed rate
loans is calculated by discounting scheduled cash flows through the
anticipated maturities adjusted for prepayment
estimates. Adjustable interest rate loans are assumed to
approximate fair value because they generally reprice within the
short term.
Mortgage servicing rights – The fair value of
servicing rights was determined using discount rates ranging from
9.0% to 20.0%, prepayment speeds ranging from 140% to 324% PSA,
depending on stratification of the specific right. The
fair value was also adjusted for the affect of potential past dues
and foreclosures.
Off-balance-sheet instruments -
Fair values for off-balance-sheet, credit-related financial
instruments are based on fees currently charged to enter into
similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the
agreements and the counterparties’ credit
standing. The fair values of these financial instruments
are considered insignificant. Additionally, those
financial instruments have no carrying value.
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