Segments

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2020

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segments

Segments    The following table presents the Company’s operations by reportable segment. The Company is managed through three reportable segments, Technology & Analytics Solutions, Research & Development Solutions and Contract Sales & Medical Solutions. Technology & Analytics Solutions provides mission critical information, technology solutions and real-world insights and services to

the Company’s life science clients. Research & Development Solutions, which primarily serves biopharmaceutical customers, provides outsourced clinical research and clinical trial related services. Contract Sales & Medical Solutions provides health care provider (including contract sales) and patient engagement services to both biopharmaceutical customers and the broader healthcare market.

    Certain costs are not allocated to our segments and are reported as general corporate and unallocated expenses. These costs primarily consist of stock-based compensation and expenses to integration activities and acquisitions. The Company also does not allocate depreciation and amortization or impairment charges to its segments. Asset information by segment is not presented, as this measure is not used by the chief operating decision maker to assess the Company’s performance. The Company’s reportable segment information is presented below:

	Year Ended December 31,
(in millions)	2020		2019		2018
Revenues
Technology & Analytics Solutions	$	4,858	$	4,486	$	4,137
Research & Development Solutions	5,760		5,788		5,465
Contract Sales & Medical Solutions	741		814		810
Total revenues	11,359		11,088		10,412
Costs of revenue
Technology & Analytics Solutions	2,900		2,663		2,343
Research & Development Solutions	3,974		3,936		3,721
Contract Sales & Medical Solutions	626		701		682
Total costs of revenue	7,500		7,300		6,746
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Technology & Analytics Solutions	742		722		753
Research & Development Solutions	738		711		689
Contract Sales & Medical Solutions	58		61		67
General corporate and unallocated	251		240		207
Total selling, general and administrative expenses	1,789		1,734		1,716
Segment profit
Technology & Analytics Solutions	1,216		1,101		1,041
Research & Development Solutions	1,048		1,141		1,055
Contract Sales & Medical Solutions	57		52		61
Total segment profit	2,321		2,294		2,157
General corporate and unallocated	(251)		(240)		(207)
Depreciation and amortization	(1,287)		(1,202)		(1,141)
Restructuring costs	(52)		(75)		(68)
Total income from operations	$	731	$	777	$	741