UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
| ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||
For the fiscal year ended December 31 , 2023
OR
| TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number 001-41043
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | |||||||
| (Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip code) | |||||||
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (971) 365-3939
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||||||||||||
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer ☐ | ||||||||
Non-accelerated filer ☐ | Smaller reporting company | |||||||
Emerging growth company | ||||||||
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant's executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act): Yes ☐ No ☒
The aggregate market value of the registrant's Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $436 million as of June 30, 2023, the last business day of the registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter, computed based on the closing sale price of the Class A Common stock on the Nasdaq Stock Market LLC on such date.
As of February 21, 2024, there were approximately 70,580,351 shares of the registrant's Class A common stock outstanding, 7,333,335 shares of the registrant's LT10 common stock outstanding, and 7,292,587 shares of the registrant's LT50 common stock outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Information required in response to Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K (Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14) is hereby incorporated by reference to portions of the registrant’s Proxy Statement for its Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held in 2024. The Proxy Statement will be filed by the registrant with the Securities and Exchange Commission no later than 120 days after the end of the registrant’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.
Table of Contents
| Page | ||||||||
| PART I | ||||||||
| Item 1. | ||||||||
| Item 1A. | ||||||||
| Item 1B. | ||||||||
| Item 1C. | ||||||||
| Item 2. | ||||||||
| Item 3. | ||||||||
| Item 4. | ||||||||
| PART II | ||||||||
| Item 5. | ||||||||
| Item 6. | ||||||||
| Item 7. | ||||||||
| Item 7A. | ||||||||
| Item 8 | ||||||||
| Item 9. | ||||||||
| Item 9A. | ||||||||
| Item 9B. | ||||||||
| Item 9C. | ||||||||
| PART III | ||||||||
| Item 10. | ||||||||
| Item 11. | ||||||||
| Item 12. | ||||||||
| Item 13. | ||||||||
| Item 14 | ||||||||
| PART IV | ||||||||
| Item 15. | ||||||||
| Item 16. | ||||||||
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Special Note Regarding Forward Looking Statements
This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements about us and our industry that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including statements regarding our strategy, future financial condition, future operations, projected costs, prospects, plans, objectives of management and expected market growth, are forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements because they contain words such as “may,” “will,” “shall,” “should,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “could,” “intends,” “target,” “projects,” “contemplates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential,” “goal,” “objective,” “seeks,” or “continue” or the negative of these words or other similar terms or expressions that concern our expectations, strategy, plans, or intentions. There are a number of risks, uncertainties, and other important factors, many of which are beyond our control, that could cause our actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Such risks, uncertainties and other important factors include, among others:
•the impact of inflation on us and our members;
•our borrowing costs have and may continue to increase as a result of increases in interest rates;
•our expectations regarding our financial performance and future operating performance;
•our ability to attract and retain members, expand usage of our platform, sell subscriptions to our platform and convert individuals and organizations into paying customers;
•the timing and success of new features, integrations, capabilities and enhancements by us, or by competitors to their products, or any other changes in the competitive landscape of our market;
•the amount and timing of operating expenses and capital expenditures that we may incur to maintain and expand our business and operations to remain competitive;
•the sufficiency of our cash, cash equivalents and investments to meet our liquidity needs;
•our ability to make required payments under and to comply with the various requirements of our current and future indebtedness;
•our cash flows, the prevailing stock prices, general economic and market conditions and other considerations that could affect the specific timing, price and size of repurchases under our stock repurchase program or our ability to fund any stock repurchases;
•geopolitical tensions, including the war in Ukraine and the escalating conflict in Israel, Gaza and surrounding areas;
•our ability to effectively manage our exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates;
•expenses associated with being a public company;
•the size of our addressable markets, market share and market trends;
•anticipated trends, developments and challenges in our industry, business and the highly competitive markets in which we operate;
•our expectations regarding our income tax liabilities and the adequacy of our reserves;
•our ability to effectively manage our growth and expand our infrastructure and maintain our corporate culture;
•our ability to identify, recruit and retain skilled personnel, including key members of senior management;
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•the safety, affordability and convenience of our platform and our offerings;
•our ability to successfully defend litigation brought against us;
•our ability to successfully identify, manage and integrate any existing and potential acquisitions of businesses, talent, technologies or intellectual property;
•general economic conditions in either domestic or international markets, including geopolitical uncertainty and instability;
•our ability to protect against security incidents, technical difficulties, or interruptions to our platform;
•our ability to maintain, protect and enhance our intellectual property; and
•the other risks and uncertainties under Item 1A. "Risk Factors" and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. We have based the forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K primarily on our current expectations, estimates, forecasts and projections about future events and trends that we believe may affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects. Although we believe that we have a reasonable basis for each forward-looking statement contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we cannot guarantee that the future results, levels of activity, performance, or events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or occur at all. The outcome of the events described in these forward-looking statements is subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors described in the section titled “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks and uncertainties emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all risks and uncertainties that could have an impact on the forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The results, events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements may not be achieved or occur, and actual results, events or circumstances could differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements.
The forward-looking statements made in this Annual Report on Form 10-K relate only to events as of the date on which the statements are made. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements made in this Annual Report on Form 10-K to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K or to reflect new information or the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as required by law. If we update one or more forward-looking statements, no inference should be drawn that we will make additional updates with respect to those or other forward-looking statements. We may not actually achieve the plans, intentions, or expectations disclosed in our forward-looking statements, and you should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. Our forward-looking statements do not reflect the potential impact of any future acquisitions, mergers, dispositions, joint ventures, or investments we may make.
In addition, statements that “we believe” and similar statements reflect our beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. These statements are based upon information available to us as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and while we believe such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain, and you are cautioned not to unduly rely upon these statements. Unless otherwise indicated or unless the context requires otherwise, all references in this document to “Expensify,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” “our” or similar references are to Expensify, Inc. Capitalized terms used and not defined above are defined elsewhere within this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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Risk Factor Summary
Our business is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties of which you should be aware. These risks are more fully described in the section titled “Risk Factors.” These risks include, among others, the following:
•Our quarterly and annual results of operations have fluctuated in the past and may fluctuate significantly in the future and may not meet our expectations or those of investors or securities analysts.
•We experienced rapid growth in periods prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, and those growth rates may not be indicative of our future growth, and we may not be able to maintain profitability.
•Our expense management feature drives the majority of our subscriptions, and any failure of this feature to satisfy customer demands or to achieve increased market acceptance could adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and growth prospects.
•If we fail to adapt and respond effectively to rapidly changing technology, evolving industry standards and changing customer needs or preferences, our platform may become less competitive.
•If we are unable to attract new customers on a cost-effective basis, convert individuals and organizations using our free basic expense management feature and trial subscriptions into paying customers, retain existing customers and expand usage within organizations, our revenue growth will be harmed.
•We may fail to accurately predict the optimal pricing strategies necessary to attract new customers, retain existing customers and respond to changing market conditions.
•We may not successfully develop or introduce new features, enhancements, integrations, capabilities and versions of our existing features that achieve market acceptance, and our business could be harmed and our revenue could suffer as a result.
•We face significant competition, the market in which we operate is rapidly evolving, and if we do not compete effectively, our results of operations and financial condition could be harmed.
•Economic uncertainty, a sustained general economic downturn, an uneven recovery, or continued instability could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and growth prospects.
•The estimates of market opportunity and forecasts of market growth included in this prospectus may prove to be inaccurate. Even if the market in which we compete achieves the forecasted growth, our business could fail to grow at similar rates, if at all.
•The success of our business largely depends on our senior management team, and we depend on professional services firms for a portion of our finance function. The loss of any key employees or our outsourced finance team could adversely affect our business.
•We cannot guarantee that our share repurchase program will be fully consummated or that it will enhance long-term stockholder value. Share repurchases could also increase the volatility of the trading price of our common stock and could diminish our cash reserves.
•If we or our third party providers fail to protect our IT systems against security incidents, or otherwise to protect our Confidential Information, there may be damage to our reputation and brand, material financial penalties, and legal liability, which could substantially harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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•Our business depends on a strong brand, and if we are not able to maintain and enhance our brand, our ability to expand our base of customers may be impaired, and our business and results of operations will be harmed.
•Our culture has contributed to our success, and if we cannot maintain this culture as we grow, we could lose the high employee engagement fostered by our culture, which could harm our business.
•We may be adversely affected by global economic and political instability, including escalating geopolitical tensions such as the war in Ukraine and the conflict in Israel, Gaza and surrounding areas.
•Sales to customers outside of the United States and our international operations expose us to risks inherent in international sales and operations.
•We receive, process, store and use business and personal data, which subjects us to governmental regulation and other legal obligations related to data protection and security, and our actual or perceived failure to comply with such obligations could harm our business and expose us to liability.
•If we fail to manage our technical operations infrastructure, or experience service outages, interruptions, or delays in the deployment of our platform, our results of operations may be harmed.
•The multiple class structure of our common stock and the ownership of substantially all of our LT10 and LT50 common stock by holders through a trust agreement (the "Voting Trust") have the effect of concentrating voting control with the Voting Trust for the foreseeable future, which will limit your ability to influence corporate matters, including a change in control. We are controlled by the Voting Trust, whose interests may differ from those of our public stockholders. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation also delegates significant authority to our Executive Committee of our Board of Directors (the "Executive Committee").
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Part I.
Item 1. Business
OVERVIEW
Expensify is a leading cloud-based expense management software platform that helps the smallest to the largest businesses simplify the way they manage money. Every day, people from all walks of life in organizations around the world use Expensify to scan and reimburse receipts from flights, hotels, coffee shops, office supplies and ride shares. Since our founding in 2008, we have added over 15 million members to our community, and processed and automated over 1.5 billion expense transactions on our platform as of December 31, 2023, freeing people to spend less time managing expenses and more time doing the things they love. For the quarter ended December 31, 2023, an average of 719,000 paid members across an average of 47,000 companies and over 200 countries and territories used Expensify to make money easy.
Small and medium-sized businesses (“SMBs”) are the cornerstone of the global economy, making up almost all businesses and the majority of employment in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ("OECD") member countries. Despite their significance to the global economy, the vast majority of SMBs still rely on manual, inefficient processes to manage the critical back office functions that power their businesses every day. Expense management, which refers to the collection, processing, auditing and reimbursement of employee expenses, is one of the last great holdouts of paper-based back office processes, with employees stuffing actual physical receipts into an envelope and handing it to their accountant. As SMBs seek to modernize back office functions like expense management to better compete in today’s digital economy, we believe they will look for comprehensive technologies that are easy to discover, implement, purchase, manage and use. At the same time, individual employees are becoming a powerful source of change as they increasingly expect to bring their own choice of technology into the workplace.
Since the beginning of Expensify, our guiding principle has been improving the experience of the actual end users of expense management software: everyday employees. We designed Expensify to be easy to set up, integrate, configure and use from almost any device, which has enabled us to serve employees of all types and organizations of all sizes, industries and geographies. Our first breakthrough was revolutionizing receipt tracking with our patented scanning technology, SmartScan, which allows anyone to simply take a photo of any receipt – no matter the currency or quality of handwriting – for fast, automatic and accurate transcription of a receipt with just one tap. After removing the need for people to keep a pocket full of crumbled receipts and spend hours manually tracking expenses, we moved on to automating the entire expense journey, from the initial receipt scan all the way through to categorization, expense approval, reconciliation and next-day reimbursement. Since then, we have expanded our platform to include features that help businesses manage corporate credit cards, generate and send invoices, pay bills, collect payments and book travel, all from our single, easy-to-use mobile application. We intend to continue adding complementary features to retain and add value to existing customers and attract new members.
Our intense focus on improving the everyday experience of regular employees with an easy-to-use but powerful platform has enabled a viral, bottom-up business model that is capital efficient and extremely scalable. By allowing people to spend less time managing receipts and more time pursuing their real goals, our members have adopted, championed and spread Expensify to their colleagues, managers and friends. We believe our happy members are the best form of marketing, and our self-service, bottom-up approach takes advantage of strong, organic word-of-mouth adoption.
Behind our platform is a company with passionate people and a unique culture that guides everything we do. Our company operates with a flat, generalist organizational structure united by a robust set of common values that foster the long-term happiness and retention of our employees. The efficiency of our
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business model allows us to prioritize attracting, retaining and inspiring talented, ambitious and humble people committed to a long-term vision. We are a team that likes to solve real problems, and though expense reports are problematic for most people, there are other pressing problems facing our world that we want to also help solve.
OUR INDUSTRY
Given their size, SMBs typically have one person overseeing the discovery and implementation of new systems, a responsibility that is often in addition to their core job function. As a result, SMBs have specific requirements when adopting new technologies:
•Easy to discover. With job responsibilities spanning multiple functions, SMBs do not have the bandwidth and expertise to discover, meet with and evaluate several technology vendors. As such, SMBs increasingly rely on online channels for finding new technologies and heavily consider recommendations from experts, friends and colleagues.
•Easy to implement. IT departments within SMBs are often one person or the business owner themselves, and are incapable of taking time away from their business to support cumbersome implementation, maintenance and training requirements. As a result, SMBs prefer solutions that are easy to implement, onboard and integrate and that require little ongoing maintenance.
•Easy to purchase. With no procurement department and limited resources, the individuals making the purchasing decision at SMBs often prefer vendors with transparent, self-service monthly subscription plans that can be paid by credit card.
•Easy to manage. Unlike large enterprises, which often require multiple, customized point solutions for specialized business processes, SMBs prefer a single, comprehensive platform from one provider that can solve multiple pain points.
•Easy to use. Many SMBs prioritize ease of use and convenience over cost and seek solutions with elegant, intuitive user experiences that require no training or expertise to operate.
In short, SMBs look for “easy money” management.
OUR APPROACH
Since our founding, we have taken a unique approach to expense management built on key, complementary elements:
•Platform strategy hyper-focused on the employee. We designed Expensify to be easily configured and used by every single employee within an organization, not just decision makers or managers. Expensify is a highly integrated mobile platform with many features designed to make our members’ lives easier, simple enough for freelancers and small businesses, and powerful enough for large enterprises with tens of thousands of employees. Our product development is compounding and driven by member feedback, with every new feature making every past feature a little bit better, as well as methodically laying a strategic foundation for features yet to come.
•Viral, bottom-up business model driven by the employee. Our employee-focused platform strategy enables a viral, bottom-up adoption cycle that starts with an individual employee. After signing up for free on the website or downloading our free app to submit expenses and realizing the benefits of using Expensify, our enthusiastic members champion our platform internally, spreading it via word-of-mouth to other employees and convincing decision makers to adopt Expensify company-wide. This enables us to focus our time and resources on making our features better for our members, and avoid the reliance on a costly, traditional top-down sales and marketing approach to attract and retain customers.
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•Word-of-mouth adoption supported by a market consensus approach. We believe that our happy members are the best form of marketing. We strive to build a superior platform that makes the lives of employees and admins easier so that they become our champions and promote us to other individuals and organizations. We deploy large scale brand advertising to build on this platform superiority and help create market consensus that Expensify is the category leader for expense management software. We believe this enables us to focus on creating great features for our members rather than rely on the expensive and ineffective activities of traditional sales and marketing to drive customer acquisition.
•Unique company culture and long-term vision. Our platform strategy and business model are complemented by our unique company culture and intense focus on the long-term happiness of our employees. Our organization is flat, generalist, transparent and inclusive, and we value ideas from every corner of our company, no matter who or where it comes from. We believe our special culture and the long-term commitment from our employees are key drivers to our success.
We believe that these elements of our approach are hard to replicate, self-reinforcing and work together to drive a powerful competitive advantage.
Our Platform Strategy
Expensify is a leading cloud-based expense management software platform that allows any business to simplify how it manages expenses. We built our platform to be intuitive and easy to deploy, with powerful features that increase our network effect within and between companies. This helps us reach more potential members and expand our value by solving more pain points for our customers. While our core features enable businesses to easily manage expenses, our platform includes features for managing corporate cards, paying bills, generating invoices, collecting payments and booking travel. Our platform strategy centers around the following key concepts:
•Built for everyone. We designed our platform to be used by everyone in an organization, from employees to managers to the finance department. We offer an intuitive, elegant user interface that everyday employees can easily understand and operate from almost any device. We deliver guided workflows for administrators to accurately and quickly approve expenses in accordance with their unique company policies. Our platform is simple enough for SMBs, but powerful features can be enabled for use across enterprises with tens of thousands of employees. We believe that the more intuitive and simple Expensify is, the more employees and administrators will want to use it.
•Easy to set up. We designed our platform to be easily implemented and configured without the need to speak with a sales person. Any employee can download our free application from mobile app stores or sign up on the website, create an account and start submitting expenses within minutes. When an expense report is submitted, the manager who receives it also automatically becomes a member. Concierge, our proprietary AI-powered customer support engine, helps new members set up an account, connect teammates, assign company policies and immediately sync Expensify with existing accounting, HR and travel systems. We believe that making our platform easily accessible, simple to set up and easily configurable attracts more members to download and try Expensify.
•Designed to improve experiences for all members. We designed our platform to leverage leading technology, such as our patented SmartScan and our proprietary AI-powered customer support engine, Concierge, to automate and reduce errors from the cumbersome, manual tasks associated with managing expenses. By doing so, we give employees, contractors and administrators in businesses of all shapes and sizes more time to spend on things they care about, leading to improved costs, enhanced productivity and higher job satisfaction. We believe that always having the pain points of our members at the center of every technology decision and feature we develop enables us to consistently deliver an improved experience for every employee in an organization.
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•One platform, many features. Expensify is one platform, with one price that unlocks access to every feature on the platform, from expense management to bill payment. Our features are just different configurations of the same underlying tool, and are not different products in some kind of combined suite. We develop our features in a compounding manner, which means that everything we build improves everything we've already built, and lays a foundation for what we will build next. This enables increasingly rapid deployment of new features that solve other problems for our members and allows us to extend the network effect of our platform.
•Highly integrated. We designed our platform to easily integrate with other business and consumer applications. We offer over 40 pre-built integrations, allowing Expensify to seamlessly connect with accounting and HR systems, travel management software, business and employee bank accounts and credit cards. These integrations enable our members to synchronize data in real-time across their technology ecosystem and automate expense management with the applications and tools they use every day.
We believe that elements of our platform strategy are a critical driver of the viral, widespread adoption of Expensify across and between any type of organization.
Our Business Model
Our platform strategy enables a viral bottom-up business model that is capital efficient and extremely scalable. Anyone can easily download our mobile application or go to our website to sign up for free on their own, and later upgrade to a paid subscription for advanced features. The adoption of Expensify within an organization often starts with the individual employee, who downloads our mobile application or signs up on our website for free and uses it to easily submit expenses to their manager with a few taps. After the employee realizes the benefits of our platform, they become a champion of Expensify and often spread it internally to other employees. With multiple employees using Expensify and valuable features simplifying the manager’s job, the decision maker purchases a subscription to Expensify and becomes a paying customer with a few members. Our usage within an organization expands further as the company adds members and adopts new features such as the Expensify Card or Bill Pay.
We offer simple, transparent and flexible subscription plans for both individuals and businesses that are completely self-service and payable by credit card. Rather than the traditional software sales model of complex pricing, user thresholds and inconsistent fees, we designed our pricing plans to facilitate the easy adoption of our platform by the smallest mom-and-pop stores to the largest and most complex organizations. Purchasers can select a transparent plan with features that best suit their specific needs, all without interacting with a sales representative or paying hidden costs for implementation, maintenance, or support.
Our individual subscriptions include our Track and Submit plans, which include an optional paid monthly upgrade for anyone wishing to SmartScan more than 25 receipts in a given month:
•Free Plans (Optional upgrade for unlimited SmartScan)
◦Track. Our free Track plan comes with our SmartScan receipt scanning functionality and is used primarily by individuals and sole proprietors to streamline their receipt and mileage tracking.
◦Submit. Our free Submit plan includes the same functionality in Track, and also adds the ability to automatically submit expense reports to anyone for reimbursement.
Our business subscriptions can be used by teams, organizations, and companies for free or upgraded to one of our paid plans, which include our Collect and Control plans, following a free trial. We bill customers on Collect and Control plans at the start of each month based on the number of policy members who were active in the previous month. Each customer has either a "pay per use" plan in which they are billed a flat rate for each active member, or an "annual" plan where they commit to a minimum number of
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monthly seats in exchange for a discount. Collect and Control customers can access additional discounts if they spend on the Expensify Card:
•Free Plans
◦Free. Our Free plan enables our members to roll out a corporate card program with the Expensify Card, reimburse cash expenses for employees, send invoices to clients and set up bill payment for their team.
•Paid Plans
◦Collect. Our Collect plan enables our members to integrate with popular small business accounting systems, configure simple expense report approval workflows, as well as pay employees, contractors and volunteers via Direct Deposit ACH or internationally via Global Reimbursements.
◦Control. Our Control plan, which is by far our most popular plan, includes everything in Collect and adds the ability to configure rules-based approval workflows and integrate with financial, travel, HR, as well as other internal systems commonly used by mid-market and enterprise companies.
We also leverage partnerships with accounting and bookkeeping firms, who provide validation of our platform and refer customers to us. We partner with strategic accounting software partners such as Intuit, NetSuite, Xero and Sage Intacct to integrate our software in their clients’ back offices, and recognize us as a top expense tool when their clients are browsing and selecting integrated solutions. Additionally, our ExpensifyApproved! Partner Program trains and supports accountants to use our platform and encourages their customers to use Expensify. We work hard to maintain top expense partner status with all partners to support our market consensus strategy.
Our Growth Strategies
We intend to drive the growth of our business by executing on the following strategies:
•Build new features that create additional value for existing members. Our word-of-mouth model works well because people genuinely enjoy using Expensify. We intend to continue to invest in building features that increase the value our software delivers to our existing members. Our flat, generalist and democratic structure cultivates a diversity of ideas from every single one of our employees, which enables an efficient, scalable and rigorous product development process. By efficiently investing in new features that prioritize the needs of our members, we can continue to retain existing members and attract new members via word-of-mouth;
•Build new features that attract new members beyond employees who submit expenses. We have and will continue to invest in developing features complementary and adjacent to expense management. At most companies, not every employee generates expenses that would be submitted via an expense report. As we add additional features that can be used by all employees rather than just those that submit expense reports, we have the potential to monetize the segment of our customers’ employees that are not submitting expense reports on a monthly basis, and increase revenue without adding more customers or raising prices. These features will enable easy financial collaboration within communities and between friends and family;
•Build viral loops into our member experience that increase adoption by new customers. We design our expense management platform and every new feature with the aim of frictionless adoption. Individual employees download the Expensify mobile app or sign up on our website, for free, and use it to submit their expenses to their bosses – turning every expense report into a highly targeted marketing message, straight to a decision maker. Outside of expense management, we have expanded our platform and built invoicing and bill payment features with the goal of replicating the frictionless adoption of our expense management feature. By sending an invoice using Expensify,
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accounts receivable departments naturally promote Expensify to their clients. A company that adopts Expensify bill payment tacitly promotes Expensify to all of their vendors: any one vendor that sends a manual invoice receives an email notifying them that their invoice was converted into an Expensify invoice, and they should sign in to collect payment online. We will continue to focus on maintaining and extending the virality of our features to support our viral, bottom-up business model;
•Expand and monetize transaction volume from existing and new customers. We fully launched the Expensify Card in 2020 and, despite pullback in corporate expenses with the COVID-19 pandemic, customers began adopting the card, especially as business travel resumed following challenges caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Going forward, we intend to increase the promotion of the Expensify Card to both new and existing customers to drive growth in adoption;
•Promote Expensify’s culture and values. We believe that consumers are more likely to both use and recommend products from brands they admire. By consistently acting on and vocally promoting our values, we have the ability to both drive positive change and create brand awareness that can add to the virality of our platform. We believe our company code of ethics and conduct demonstrates our culture and values, including our adherence to Environmental, Social, and Governance ("ESG") principles;
•Continue to strengthen our market consensus. We have worked hard to establish and maintain Expensify as a dominant expense management platform for SMBs. We leverage a variety of targeted marketing strategies that involve industry conferences, industry influencers, partner marketing, our own conference and more with the goal of achieving market consensus that Expensify is the premier, industry standard expense management platform. This is essential to our viral and word-of-mouth business model. We plan to reinforce the market consensus surrounding our platform, as well as expand on these strategies across new feature verticals and markets;
•Expand integrations and strengthen partnerships. Expense management touches many functions across a company. To provide a seamless experience for our customers, we integrate with the accounting, HR and travel software used by SMBs and their employees every day. We also have frictionless integrations with many of the technology providers that generate the most receipts for our members, such as Uber and Lyft. Through our ExpensifyApproved! Partner Program, we train and support accountants who then encourage their customers to use Expensify. We intend to continue to invest in both integrations and partnerships as they are critical to delivering best-in-class user experiences and ensuring that Expensify is deeply embedded within our customer base; and
•Expand internationally. We see significant opportunity to acquire new customers internationally. Because word-of-mouth drives significant adoption, we have experienced member growth outside of our core geographies without investment in marketing or regional sales forces. We have the opportunity to accelerate international growth by investing in marketing, developing a localized platform experience and expanding international partnership and integrations.
We believe that the combination of the strength of our platform, our scalable business model and our special company culture has us well-positioned to achieve these growth strategies.
Our Platform
Expensify makes money easy for SMBs by enabling them to collaborate and complete financial tasks more efficiently. Our AI-driven, mobile-first, cloud-based platform offers a best-in-class experience for companies looking to modernize their financial processes away from paper and excel spreadsheets for the first time.
We define preaccounting as the systemized set of processes through which employees, or non-accountants, gather, code, aggregate and normalize financial data. While other financial processes have seen vast efficiency improvements with the widespread adoption of cloud-based ecosystems, company-focused preaccounting tasks such as expense management have largely remained unchanged, and
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therefore are still overwhelmingly inefficient, unscalable and time-consuming. Our comprehensive financial platform offers a wide range of easy-to-use but powerful features that automate the preaccounting processes for businesses of all sizes – including managing expenses, capturing and managing spend via the Expensify Card and more recently, paying bills and sending invoices, all included in the Expensify platform.
Expense Management
Expenses are among the most complicated preaccounting workflow, no matter the size of a company. Expenses touch every employee, span every layer of the organization and require interaction with a host of internal and external business systems. While the expense management process is incredibly complex, it largely occurs in three distinct, sequential phases: Capture > Approve > Pay.
CAPTURE
Most of today’s financial data still exists on paper. Expensify streamlines the capture and normalization of disparate financial data in the following ways:
•SmartScan. Snap a photo of your receipt, forward receipts from email, or upload attachments directly in the application. SmartScan optimizes for high-accuracy data extraction to support our “fire and forget” receipt capture.
•Credit card matching. Receipts and emails are automatically matched to incoming credit card transactions in real-time, preventing duplicates and reducing the need to manually reconcile credit card statements at month end.
•Mobile expense capture. With mobile apps for Android and iOS, it’s possible to capture receipts, mileage expenses and per diems while in the office or anywhere else in the world – online or offline. In addition, members can automatically import receipts from their favorite travel tools, including Uber, Lyft, Grab, Hotel Tonight, among others.
APPROVE
Once financial transactions are captured, we deliver AI-driven insights into the nature of company spend, as well as adherence to company-specific rules and guidelines. Expensify’s robust approval functionality can be scaled up and down in the following ways:
•Multi-level approval workflows. Customizable approval workflows help companies of all sizes tailor their approval hierarchies, route specific expenses to budget or project owners and approve expenses through an intuitive “Guided Review” that highlights specific items requiring review.
•Intelligent auditing. Process data automatically or configure which types of transactions require review. Expensify detects receipt duplicates by default and automatically verifies that any manually-entered expenses match attached receipts.
•Powerful integrations. Connect directly with leading cloud accounting and finance platforms such as QuickBooks, Xero, Oracle NetSuite, Sage Intacct and FinancialForce, among others. A continuous real-time sync means that information is dynamically updated across all connected platforms. Expensify connects directly with the top banks in the U.S., as well as leading HR, practice management, tax reclamation, recruiting and travel management systems. A self-service API is available to anyone who wants to integrate Expensify into their technology ecosystem on their own without additional cost.
•Comprehensive visibility. Whether companies require visibility into transaction approvals, help with corporate credit card reconciliation and remittance, or insights into travel spend, financial data is visible throughout the platform.
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PAY
After capturing and approving relevant company spend, businesses require an easy and fast method for disbursing funds to employees and vendors. Expensify’s payments platform streamlines how modern payments are made and reconciled in the following ways:
•Next day ACH direct deposit. For companies that enable automatic processing and reimbursement, employees receive expense reimbursements in their bank account the following business day.
•Global reimbursement. For companies or employees based outside of the United States, Expensify offers reimbursement in 5 currencies across 200 countries and territories.
•Centralized travel procurement. Manage and centrally pay for travel bookings made with any Expensify Card, all while ensuring compliance with company travel policies.
•Corporate card remittance. Streamline the process of managing and remitting corporate card payments.
Expensify Card
The Expensify Card is a natural extension of our expense management platform and is powered by the Visa network. Companies can use the Expensify Card in conjunction with existing expense policies at no additional cost, or independently as a separate corporate card program through our platform.
The Expensify Card leverages our wealth of experience acquired by working directly with finance administrators. The feature is designed to fix the common pain points seen with traditional corporate cards, namely the lack of real-time receipt capture and transaction visibility, enhanced access to credit for small businesses and streamlined setup of corporate card programs.
Key capabilities of the Expensify Card include:
•Streamlined card application/setup. Companies receive an automated approval decision in seconds, and card provisioning for an entire organization is possible in a few minutes. Every member receives a virtual card for immediate use.
•Continuous automatic reconciliation. Card transactions are synchronized in real-time between Expensify and a company’s accounting systems. This removes the need for an arduous once-a-month statement reconciliation.
•Real-time compliance. Cardholders receive an immediate push notification when their card is charged, which helps protect against fraud. In addition, eReceipts mean that no receipt capture is required for nearly all purchases, though companies can stipulate their own receipt policy where preferred.
•Spend control with Smart Limits. Companies control the maximum exposure they will accept for each employee by stipulating their individual unapproved spend, which is another cash control feature. If a cardholder fails to submit their expenses in a timely fashion, card activity is suspended until historical card spend is approved.
•Cashback. Companies that spend over $250,000 on their Expensify Cards per month receive 2% cashback for all USD purchases or 1% for all USD purchases if monthly spend is under $250,000.
•Daily settlement option. Ensure that employees never overspend what a company is able to pay. Daily settlement also helps smooth cash flows throughout the month, as opposed to one large, uncertain lump sum at month end. Companies can also choose monthly settlement if they prefer a more classic experience.
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•Integrated travel booking. Offered at no additional cost for all cardholders, administrators can set flight class, hotel ratings and other travel preferences to ensure that bookings comply with company policy. Reporting tools give admins full visibility into trip costs, and currently every booking comes with emergency transportation services in partnership with Global Rescue at no additional cost, as well as health and security assessments applicable for their destination.
We believe we have growth in many areas in regards to the Expensify Card. Our goal is to continue increasing the number of companies that have adopted the Expensify Card and the number of members that have a card provisioned per company, both of which would increase the amount of total spend converted to the Expensify Card.
Under the original Expensify Card program launched in 2020 (“Legacy Card Program”), Expensify has an agreement with the payment processor, Marqeta, Inc. ("Marqeta"), and relies on Marqeta to manage the relationship with the issuing bank, Sutton Bank, and the card network, Visa, in authorizing and settling transactions. In October 2023, the Company amended the Expensify Card program (“Updated Card Program”) to separately enter into an agreement with a new issuing bank, The Bancorp Bank N.A. ("Bancorp"), to issue Expensify Cards to customers and authorize and settle transactions on the Visa card network, in providing overall card program management services. As of December 31, 2023, the Updated Card Program had not yet launched to customers. Once the Updated Card Program is launched, the Company will concurrently operate the Legacy Card Program and Updated Card Program, with all new Expensify Card issuances being under the Updated Card Program.
Invoicing & Bill Pay
Key capabilities of our invoicing and bill payment features include:
•Payments made easy. With multiple payment options, including credit/debit card, ACH and check, customers across the globe have access to quick, easy and frictionless payment options.
•Eliminate manual entry. Bills sent to a company’s @expensify.cash address are automatically SmartScanned, which captures key details for easy review and processing.
•Real-time communication. Customers can leave comments or ask questions on the invoice and both parties can chat in real time directly in Expensify, or receive an email instantly.
•Extensive integrations. Companies can save time by exporting invoices and bills to QuickBooks, Xero, Sage Intacct, Oracle NetSuite and more. Invoices are automatically linked to the corresponding customer and exported as a receivable in the accounting system. Bills are automatically linked to the corresponding vendor and exported as a payable.
Expensify.org
We started Expensify.org with a goal to “create a just and generous world” with the belief that doing good is good for business. We aim to integrate the Expensify.org mission into everything we do. If nothing else, it's good for employee retention and morale, by framing our work in a more powerful context than it might otherwise seem. Everyone here knows that we cannot succeed as a business without also giving back and making the world a better place than we found it.
Though Expensify.org launched in January 2020 and is now a 501(c)(3) non-profit, the concept was set into motion before Expensify was founded when David Barrett, Expensify's founder and CEO, had an idea of how to help feed unhoused neighbors he passed every day walking through San Francisco. He developed a platform to load gift cards on-demand from his personal credit card to offer funds immediately for individuals in his neighborhood to purchase food. While this idea didn’t take off, David held onto the concept for more than a decade until it became a reality with the launch of Expensify.org and its corporate-card-fueled donations called Karma Points.
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Through Expensify.org, we seek to empower individuals and communities to eliminate injustice around the world by making giving and volunteering more convenient, accountable, meaningful and collaborative. The foundation of Expensify.org was built on applying our expertise in expense management to increase the transparency of how funds are used, the convenience of how donations are gathered and — most importantly — the emotional connection between donors, volunteers and recipients.
Our Compliance and Data Security
We are PCI-DSS, SOC1 Type II, and SOC2 Type II compliant, with external parties performing "grey box" testing. We are integrated with most major banks in the United States, and we process billions of dollars in expense reimbursements every year and are audited annually by our processing bank. We take privacy and data security seriously and design our systems and processes based on applicable domestic and international data privacy regulations, which sometimes change faster than the wind.
Our Data
As of December 31, 2023, we have processed over 1.5 billion expense transactions for our customers. These expenses span across employees from all functions and layers in organizations of all sizes, industries and geographies. To process these expenses, our platform runs on our proprietary distributed and fully replicated technology architecture that is built to process many multiples of our current transaction volume. We also designed our platform to be deeply integrated and connected with a broad suite of back office systems, consumer applications and banking technology infrastructures that our customers use every day. The combination of the scale and diversity of the expenses we process, the breadth and depth of our integrations and the scalability of our infrastructure has enabled us to build a massive data asset that continually enhances the value of our platform.
We derive powerful insights from our data such as the unique buying behavior of our members, the spending trends of the businesses they work for and changes in the technologies businesses use for multiple back-office workflows. These insights provide continuous and real-time input into our product development and enable us to develop features that reflect the behavior and preferences of our members and the organizations they work for. Our data asset also benefits from significant network effects, with every new member and transaction adding incremental value to our platform. Every receipt we process through our OCR technology makes our SmartScan technology more accurate, every transaction we process and backtest enhances our fraud protection capabilities and every customer inquiry we resolve allows Concierge to answer future questions faster. We believe that our data asset will continue to expand the value of our platform and drive future growth.
Our Culture, Employees and Human Capital
At Expensify, our culture is deeply embedded in everything we do. We strive to create a diverse, inclusive and collaborative workplace that prioritizes and fosters the long-term happiness of our employees. We operate with a flat, generalist organizational structure, where everybody is encouraged to participate in the discussions and contribute to the decisions they choose to. Our culture is centered on the belief that a life well lived is one that enables you to achieve the following three goals, which we all work towards with a long-term mindset:
•Live Rich. This means we want to have ample means, and the time to enjoy it. We want to participate in a diverse, equitable, inclusive and fundamentally just society — both inside and outside our own walls. We want to have a “comfortable baseline,” where on a dull, ordinary day we wake up refreshed and excited to take on the day’s challenges, and go to bed each night fully satisfied in life well lived and a job well done.
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•Have Fun. Sometimes, we want to do stuff that is awesome just for the sake of awesomeness. Not too often, but often enough to remind ourselves that we are living life to its fullest, and enabling others to do the same. For example, we aim to bring the whole company, plus families and kids, to a warm and sunny international location every year for a month-long "working vacation" to enable our employees to collaborate in person from a remote beach, build friendships with their colleagues, broaden their perspective and have a great time. These “Offshore” trips are productivity powerhouses that have resulted in some of our most impressive platform developments to date.
•Save The World. We like the phrasing of this goal precisely because it is bombastic. We want to play an active role in unwinding the systemic bias that has prevented so many from living rich. We believe that even a small team with limited resources, given enough time and focus, can move the world. This is why we started Expensify.org, to “create a just and generous world”, and we are all wholly committed to its mission.
We believe that there are three common qualities critical to achieving these three goals and the success of our company:
•Talent. Each of us can learn without being taught, and can teach whatever we’ve learned.
•Ambition. Each of us has a genuine desire to accomplish something meaningful to us individually, to create more than we consume in this world.
•Humility. Each of us genuinely values the opinions and perspectives of others, and seeks above all to find the right solution to any given problem, no matter who came up with it.
Finally, our long-term commitment to our three life goals is guided by two simple rules:
•Get Shit Done. We have little-to-no internal hierarchy; nobody reports to anyone else. Everyone is responsible for their own time and empowered to spend it in the way they feel will best advance their own goals, and the goals of the company.
•Don’t Ruin It for Everyone Else. Whenever there is some complicated scenario with an unclear resolution, we always brainstorm the fairest possible solution -- and then put in the hard work to make that ideal solution our actual solution. Fairness rarely comes easy, and is typically far, far from the norm.
We believe that our unique culture and our employees’ happiness and long-term commitment to Expensify is a critical component of our success. As of December 31, 2023 we had 133 full-time employees. None of our employees are represented by a labor union or covered by collective bargaining agreements. We also engage third-party vendors to supply on-demand workers as needed to support our operations. We have not experienced any work stoppages, and we believe that our employee relations are strong. We remain committed to reevaluating ourselves and continuing to foster a workplace environment that prioritizes the well-being of each and every Expensify employee.
We provide our employees with competitive compensation, comprehensive healthcare options and equity ownership across our organization. We encourage a balanced lifestyle by offering our employees the flexibility to work remotely and set their own schedules.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
We have a product-led growth strategy, so our ability to scale our platform depends on our ability to innovate and continue to deliver quality and valuable features for members. As such, we prioritize our research and development above all other investments. Our Customer Success team works closely with our customers to identify our members’ greatest needs and act as our primary Product Managers to develop features that reflect their feedback. We build our software with the end user at the center of every decision, investing substantial time, energy and resources to ensure we have a deep understanding of our members’ needs.
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CUSTOMER SUCCESS
Concierge is our customer support engine. Concierge is designed for speed and accuracy and optimized for cost. Concierge is powered by AI and trained by customer support agents, with different levels of skill and training, spread out across the world.
First Responders provide simple support that requires minimal training, with the primary requirement being English proficiency. Second Responders receive more in depth training and answer more complex questions, as well as those that require a deeper understanding of the platform. The costs of maintaining a team of First and Second Responders scales according to support volume, but thanks to Concierge, benefits from extraordinary economies of scale as well as consistency in speed and quality. First and Second Responders are employed and managed by vendors, which helps us efficiently scale up and down based on support volumes.
Success Coaches are full-time employees who manage the bulk of our product management. Approximately 75% of Success Coach time is spent on traditional product management activity (i.e., writing product proposals, engaging with the product development team, testing new functionality, updating documentation). The remaining approximately 25% is spent doing "supervised training" of the Concierge AI in response to edge case conversations escalated from Second Responders. We believe that by keeping our product managers involved with the customers we design and develop features that customers like to use - supporting our product-led growth.
MARKETING
Our members are our best marketers. They have adopted, championed and spread Expensify to their colleagues, managers and friends. We have empowered employees to simplify and streamline expense management and in the process we have created champions of our solutions who naturally demonstrate the value of Expensify to decision makers at their broader organizations.
We make our platform available for free trial online, which facilitates rapid and widespread adoption. The strength of our solution and its user-friendly nature creates advocates of our platform and allows Expensify to spread virally, through word-of-mouth, across teams, departments and organizations. This word-of-mouth marketing increases organically as more individual members and teams discover our platform.
Our marketing efforts are designed to support the bottom-up viral nature of our platform by establishing our brand as a premiere option in preaccounting software. We invest in brand and platform promotion through partners, conference participation, thought leadership, direct marketing and advertising and content development to educate the market about the benefits of our platform and create market consensus.
Creating market consensus requires a major investment to establish and requires ongoing commitment to our product to maintain. So long as the market agrees in the strength of our platform, it is relatively inexpensive to maintain that perception. This creates an asymmetric advantage against challengers to our brand. This market consensus strategy enables us to attract new customers without needing to pay a high marginal cost to acquire each new customer.
SALES
Our viral and word-of-mouth lead generation enables us to employ a self-service and inbound sales model. Potential customers are generally first introduced to Expensify when an employee submits an expense report using Expensify, when they hear of us through their networks, or indirectly through accountants and accounting platforms. Customers then seek out our mobile app and website to try, adopt and use our platform.
Our sales model focuses on enabling customer self-service and low-friction entry points enhanced with AI powered customer service. Our customers can access free and fully functional trials. When a member has
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completed their platform evaluation, purchasing is coordinated online through an automated, easy-to-use web or mobile based process. Any customer can get on the phone with our team during or after the sales process, but due to the segment of the market we serve, the overwhelming majority prefer to complete the sales and onboarding process online.
Our Competition
Our primary competition remains the antiquated manual processes that SMBs have been relied upon for decades. Other competitors include traditional horizontal platform solutions with basic expense management features, corporate card providers, and niche expense management point solutions. Because of the strength, flexibility and interoperability of our offering, many of our customers use Expensify in tandem with some of our competitors’ products. We differentiate ourselves from our competition by remaining hyper-focused on our members, continuing to innovate features that add value to our members and maintaining market consensus to facilitate word-of-mouth marketing and support our viral, bottom-up go-to-market motion.
We believe the principal competitive factors that drive leadership in the markets we compete in include the following:
•End user design focus;
•Ease of access, adoption, deployment and use;
•Platform functionality and ability to automate processes;
•Mobile access across devices;
•Ability to purchase without a sales representative;
•Viral, bottom-up business model supported by word-of-mouth adoption;
•High interoperability with internal and third party systems and consumer applications;
•Flexible, employee-centric legal terms regarding data ownership;
•Data security and privacy;
•Speed and scalability of architecture underlying the platform;
•Brand reputation and market consensus around platform superiority; and
•Customer service and support.
We believe we compete favorably with our competitors on the basis of the factors described above. We believe our unique approach, business model, and company culture drive significant competitive differentiation. We intend to continue our intense design focus on the employee experience, support our viral bottom-up business model to drive profitable growth, and nurture our one-of-a-kind company structure and culture to maintain this competitive advantage.
Intellectual Property
Our intellectual property is an important aspect of our business and helps us maintain our competitive position. To establish and protect our rights in our proprietary intellectual property, we rely upon a combination of patent, copyright, trade secret and trademark laws, and contractual restrictions such as confidentiality agreements, licenses and intellectual property assignment agreements.
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As of December 31, 2023, we had 15 trademark registrations in the United States, including EXPENSIFY, EXPENSICON, EXPENSIFY THIS, SMARTSCAN, CONCEIRGE, YOU WEREN’T BORN TO DO EXPENSES, LAT* TALKS LAT TALKS, SWIPE TO WIN, and LONG ASS TABLE TALKS. Various other marks have. also been published such as EXPENSIFY PAYMENTS, EASY MONEY, EXPENSIFY IS EASY MONEY, KARMA POINTS, CORPORATE KARMA, and PERSONAL KARMA. Applications for the Expensify logo and NEW EXPENSIFY have been filed and are awaiting examination. We also had approximately 83 trademark registrations (including international registrations) and approximately 29 pending applications in certain foreign jurisdictions, including Canada, the European Union, the United Kingdom, Mexico, Brazil, Australia and New Zealand. We will pursue additional trademark registrations to the extent we believe it would be beneficial and cost effective. We also own several domain names, including www.expensify.com, use.expensiffy.com, www.expensify.org, and new.expensify.com.
As of December 31, 2023, we had 23 issued patents and 15 pending patent applications in the United States. Our issued patents expire between August 18, 2028 and March 26, 2040. We have 1 pending application in Europe, Australia and Canada. We continually review our development efforts to assess the existence and patentability of new intellectual property.
We control access to our intellectual property and confidential information through internal and external controls. We maintain a policy requiring our employees, contractors, consultants and other third parties involved in the development of intellectual property on our behalf to enter into confidentiality and proprietary rights agreements to control access to our proprietary information. Intellectual property laws and our procedures and restrictions provide only limited protection, and any of our intellectual property rights may be challenged, invalidated, circumvented, infringed, or misappropriated.
For additional information about our intellectual property and associated risks, see the section titled “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business.”
Government Regulation
Our business activities are subject to various federal, state, local and foreign laws, rules and regulations. Compliance with these laws, rules and regulations has not had, and is not expected to have, a material effect on our capital expenditures, results of operations and competitive position as compared to prior periods. Nevertheless, compliance with existing or future governmental regulations, including, but not limited to, those pertaining to global trade, business acquisitions, consumer and data protection and taxes, could have a material impact on our business in subsequent periods. For more information on the potential impacts of government regulations affecting our business, see “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business.”
Corporate Information
We were incorporated on April 29, 2009 as Expensify, Inc., a Delaware corporation. Our principal executive offices are located at 401 SW 5th Street, Portland, Oregon 97204.
Available Information
Our website address is www.expensify.com. Information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website does not constitute part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at www.sec.gov. Our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to reports filed or furnished pursuant to Sections 13(a) and 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, (the “Exchange Act”) are also available free of charge on our investor relations website, investors.expensify.com as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC.
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We provide notifications of news or announcements regarding our financial performance, including SEC filings, investor events, press and earnings releases, on our investor relations website. The contents of these websites are not intended to be incorporated by reference into this report or in any other report or document we file.
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Item 1A. Risk Factors
Our business involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks described below, as well as the other information contained or incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including our consolidated financial statements and related notes, as well as our other filings with the SEC. The occurrence of any of the events or developments described below could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects. In such an event, the market price of our Class A common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently believe are not material may also impair our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.
Risks Related to Our Business
Our quarterly and annual results of operations have fluctuated in the past and may fluctuate significantly in the future and may not meet our expectations or those of investors or securities analysts.
Our quarterly and annual results of operations, including the levels of our revenue, working capital and cash flows, have varied significantly in the past and may vary significantly in the future, such that period-to-period comparisons of our results of operations may not be meaningful. Our quarterly and annual financial results may fluctuate due to a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control and may be difficult to predict, including, but not limited to:
•the level of demand across our platform and for individual features within our platform;
•our ability to grow or maintain our gross logo retention rate and net seat retention rate (each as described under the section titled "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Key Factors Affecting Our Performance—Retaining Existing Customers"), expand usage within organizations, retain and increase sales to existing customers and attract new members and customers;
•our ability to convert individuals and organizations using our free features or trial subscriptions into paying customers;
•our ability to predictably generate revenue through marketing and sales efforts;
•the timing and success of new features, integrations, capabilities and enhancements by us to our platform, or by our competitors to their products, or any other changes in the competitive landscape of our market;
•our ability to grow and maintain our relationships and/or integrations with our network of third-party partners, including integration partners, channel partners and professional service partners;
•our ability to regulate members and member interactions on an increasingly collaborative platform;
•our ability to grow revenue share and customer referrals from our partner ecosystem;
•our ability to attract new customers and retain existing customers;
•the success of our customers’ businesses;
•our ability to achieve widespread acceptance and use of our platform and features, including the Expensify Card and any new features we may introduce;
•our ability to retain customers on annual subscriptions;
•our ability to maintain and improve employee efficiency, and our ability to manage third party, outsourced or open source workers to provide value-added services like receipt processing, customer support and engineering;
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•errors in our forecasting of the demand for our platform and features, which would lead to lower revenue, increased costs, or both;
•the amount and timing of operating expenses and capital expenditures, as well as entry into operating leases, that we may incur to maintain and expand our business and operations and to remain competitive;
•the timing of expenses and recognition of revenue;
•actual or perceived security breaches, technical difficulties, or interruptions to our platform and features;
•pricing pressure as a result of competition or otherwise;
•ineffective pricing strategies that could limit customer base expansion, revenue growth and subscription renewals;
•adverse litigation judgments, other dispute-related settlement payments, or other litigation-related costs;
•the number of new employees hired;
•the timing of the grant or vesting of equity awards to employees, directors, or consultants;
•declines in the values of foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar;
•changes in, and continuing uncertainty in relation to, the legislative or regulatory environment;
•legal and regulatory compliance costs in new and existing markets;
•costs and timing of expenses related to the potential acquisition of talent, technologies, businesses or intellectual property, and their integration, including potentially significant amortization costs and possible write-downs;
•health crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, or other conditions that impact travel and business spending; and
•general economic and market conditions in either domestic or international markets, including geopolitical uncertainty and instability and their effects on software spending.
Any one or more of the factors above may result in significant fluctuations in our quarterly and annual results of operations, which may negatively impact the trading price of our Class A common stock. You should not rely on our past results as an indicator of our future performance.
The variability and unpredictability of our quarterly and annual results of operations or other operating metrics could result in our failure to meet our expectations or those of investors or analysts with respect to revenue or other metrics for a particular period. If we fail to meet or exceed such expectations for these or any other reasons, the trading price of our Class A common stock could fall, and we would face litigation, including securities class action lawsuits, which could subject us to substantial costs, divert resources and the attention of management from our business and adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
We experienced rapid growth in periods prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, and those growth rates may not be indicative of our future growth, and we may not be able to maintain profitability.
Although we experienced rapid growth in periods prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, our business was impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, with declines in revenue and paid members due to government-imposed lock-downs, a decrease in business travel and other expense-generating activity, and SMBs downsizing or going out of business, among other things. While the number of paid members and revenue improved compared to the low point of the pandemic, our growth rate has not yet returned and may never
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return to pre-pandemic levels. Even if our revenue and paid members increase in the near term, we expect that our growth rate will decline as a result of a variety of factors, including the maturation of our business. Further, as we operate in a new and rapidly changing category of preaccounting software, widespread acceptance and use of our platform and features, particularly our expense management feature, is critical to our future growth and success. We believe our growth depends on a number of factors, including, but not limited to, our ability to:
•attract new individuals and organizations to use our features, particularly our expense management feature;
•convert individuals and organizations using our free features or trial subscriptions into paying customers;
•grow or maintain our gross logo retention rate and net seat retention rate, and expand usage within organizations;
•price our subscription plans effectively and competitively;
•retain our existing individual and organizational customers;
•achieve widespread acceptance and use of our platform and features, including in markets outside of the United States;
•continue to successfully advance our bottom-up sales strategy as well as strategic relationships with our channel partners;
•continue to maintain and build a platform and brand that drives word-of-mouth exposure to new potential members;
•grow or maintain our brand through marketing, advertising campaigns, partnerships and other methods;
•gain member traction for and generate revenue from our new features and services;
•grow or maintain current levels of consideration from a vendor and/or fees generated through transaction-based features;
•expand the features and capabilities of our platform and features;
•provide excellent customer experience and customer support;
•maintain the security and reliability of our platform and features;
•maintain the trust of our customers;
•successfully compete against established companies and new market entrants, as well as existing software tools;
•successfully respond to other competitive challenges in the United States and globally;
•attract, hire and retain highly skilled personnel;
•the impact of any future pandemic, epidemic or other public health crisis and the corresponding pace and rate of recovery on our business;
•obtain, expand, maintain, enforce and protect our intellectual property portfolio;
•operate as a public company;
•grow our member and customer base in new countries and/or markets, and increase awareness of our brand on a global basis; and
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•obtain and maintain compliance and licenses material to our current and future businesses, and comply with existing and new applicable laws and regulations including in markets outside of the United States.
If we are unable to accomplish these tasks, our growth, including our revenue growth, would be harmed. Additionally, if future revenue growth does not offset any increases in our operating expenses, our business, results of operations, and financial condition will be harmed, and we may not be able to maintain profitability.
Our expense management feature drives the majority of our subscriptions, and any failure of this feature to satisfy customer demands or to achieve increased market acceptance could adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and growth prospects.
A majority of our subscriptions are driven by bottom-up adoption related to our expense management feature. Although we have added, and expect to continue to add, new features to expand our offerings, and all of our features are accessible under a single subscription, at least in the near term, we expect our expense management feature to continue to drive the majority of our subscriptions. As a result, market acceptance of our expense management feature is critical to our success. Demand for our expense management feature, as well as our other features, is affected by a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control, such as the adoption of our features by new and existing customers; the timing of development and release of upgraded or new features on our platform; products and services introduced or upgraded by our competitors or partners; our ability to determine optimal pricing for our platform, including in international markets; pricing offered by our competitors; technological change; and growth or contraction in our addressable market. We increased our subscription prices in 2020, and although the increased prices have not substantially affected our business to date, we cannot guarantee any future price increases we choose to implement will not adversely affect our business. If we are unable to meet customer demand for our expense management feature; do not price our subscriptions optimally or make changes to our subscription or pricing models that are not accepted by the market; or fail to convert members of our free expense management feature or trial subscriptions to paying subscribers, our business, results of operations, financial condition and growth prospects will suffer.
If we fail to adapt and respond effectively to rapidly changing technology, evolving industry standards and changing customer needs or preferences, our platform may become less competitive.
The software industry is subject to rapid technological change, evolving industry standards and practices and changing customer needs and preferences. The success of our business will depend, in part, on our ability to adapt and respond effectively to these changes by continually modifying and enhancing our features to keep pace with changes in hardware systems and software applications, database technology and evolving technical standards and interfaces on a timely basis. If we are unable to develop and market new technology, features and functionality for our platform that keep pace with rapid technological and industry change and satisfy our customers, our revenue and operating results could be adversely affected. If new technologies emerge that deliver competitive products at lower prices, more efficiently, more conveniently, or more securely, it could adversely impact our ability to compete.
Our platform must also integrate with a variety of network, hardware, mobile and software platforms and technologies. We need to continuously modify and enhance our platform to adapt to changes and innovation in these technologies. This development effort may require significant engineering, marketing and sales resources, all of which would affect our business and operating results. Any failure of our platform to operate effectively with future technologies could reduce the demand for our platform. If we are unable to respond to these changes in a cost effective manner, our platform may become less marketable and less competitive or obsolete, and our operating results may be negatively affected.
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If we are unable to attract new customers on a cost-effective basis, convert individuals and organizations using our free basic expense management feature and trial subscriptions into paying customers, retain existing customers and expand usage within organizations, our revenue growth will be harmed.
To increase our revenue, we must increase our customer base through various methods, including but not limited to, retaining existing customers, adding new customers, converting individuals and organizations using our free basic expense management feature and trial subscriptions into paying customers, and expanding usage within organizations. Our business is subscription-based, with monthly and annual subscriptions, and customers are not obligated to and may not renew their subscriptions after their existing subscriptions expire.
One of our primary marketing strategies is to offer a free basic version of our expense management feature to individuals within organizations. We rely on these individuals to expose others within their organizations to our platform and features and to convince those individuals to become new members, which could eventually lead to the engagement of the organization or individuals or departments within the organization as paying customers. To encourage viral adoption, we offer viral features that are free and accessible without a paid subscription, and we also offer time-limited trial subscriptions. We believe these free basic features and trial subscriptions promote brand awareness and organic adoption of our platform. While our viral model means that employees or contractors often introduce Expensify into SMBs, companies subscribe and pay for the majority of our paid members. To the extent that increasing numbers of these individuals and organizations who utilize the free aspects of our platform do not become, or lead others to become, paying customers, we will not realize the intended benefits of these marketing strategies, we will continue to pay the costs associated with hosting such free basic features and trial subscriptions, our ability to grow our business will be harmed, and our business, results of operations and financial condition will suffer.
While we experienced significant growth in the number of our customers prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, our growth rate has not yet returned and may never return to pre-pandemic levels. Numerous factors may impede our ability to attract new customers, convert individuals and organizations using our free basic features and trial subscriptions into paying customers, expand usage within organizations, increase use of our other features such as the Expensify Card and gain new subscriptions, including but not limited to, failure to retain and motivate our personnel; failure to establish, maintain or expand relationships with channel and integration partners; failure to compete effectively against alternative products or services; our ability to determine optimal pricing for our subscriptions, including in international markets; failure to successfully deploy new features and integrations; failure to provide a quality customer experience and customer support; or failure to ensure the effectiveness of our bottom-up sales approach and other marketing programs. Channel partnerships are also an important aspect of our growth strategy, and we will need to maintain our partnerships with existing channel partners and identify and attract new channel partners in order to maintain the effectiveness of this strategy. Moreover, we believe that many of our new customers originate from word-of-mouth and other non-paid referrals from existing customers, so we must ensure that our existing customers remain loyal to our platform in order to continue receiving those referrals.
Our business is subscription-based, and customers are not obligated to and may not renew their subscriptions after their existing subscriptions expire. We cannot ensure that customers will renew subscriptions with the same or greater number of members or for the same level of subscription plan or that they will upgrade to use features such as bi-directional accounting sync and invoicing features or the Expensify Card. Customers may or may not renew their subscriptions as a result of a number of factors, including their satisfaction or dissatisfaction with our platform; changes we may implement in our pricing or structure; the pricing or capabilities of the products and services offered by our competitors; the effects of general economic conditions; or customers’ budgetary constraints. If customers do not renew their subscriptions, renew on less favorable terms, or fail to add members, or if we fail to convert individuals and organizations into paying members, or expand the adoption of our platform within their organizations, our revenue may decline or grow less quickly than anticipated, which would harm our business, results of operations and financial condition. Our future success also depends in part on our ability to provide
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additional features to attract new members at existing customers, as well as increase transaction monetization from the Expensify Card. If our efforts to do so are not successful, our revenue may decline or grow less quickly than anticipated, which would harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We may fail to accurately predict the optimal pricing strategies necessary to attract new customers, retain existing customers and respond to changing market conditions.
We have in the past, and may in the future, need to change our pricing model from time to time. As the market for our platform matures, or as competitors introduce new solutions that compete with ours, we may be unable to attract new customers at the same prices or based on the same pricing models that we have used historically. While we do and will attempt to set prices based on our prior experiences and customer feedback, our assessments may not be accurate and we could be underpricing or overpricing our platform. In addition, if the offerings on our platform change, then we may need to revise our pricing strategies. Any such changes to our pricing strategies or our ability to efficiently price our offerings could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition. Pricing pressures and decisions could result in reduced sales, reduced margins, losses or the failure of our platform to achieve or maintain more widespread market acceptance, any of which could negatively impact our overall business, operating results and financial condition. Moreover, the organizations which we target may demand substantial price concessions. As a result, we may be required to price below our targets in the future, which could adversely affect our revenue, profitability, cash flows and financial condition.
We may not successfully develop or introduce new features, enhancements, integrations, capabilities and versions of our existing features that achieve market acceptance, and our business could be harmed and our revenue could suffer as a result.
Our ability to attract new customers and increase revenue from existing customers depends in large part upon the successful development, introduction and customer acceptance of new features, enhancements, integrations, capabilities and versions of our existing features. If we are unable to expand our platform offerings in a manner that increases retention of existing customers and attracts new customers, our customers could migrate to competitors who may offer a broader or more attractive range of products and services. Unexpected delays in releasing new or enhanced features or versions of our features, or errors following their release, could result in loss of sales, delay in market acceptance of our features, or customer claims against us, any of which could harm our business. The success of any new feature, enhancement, integration, capability or version depends on several factors, including timely completion and delivery, competitive pricing, adequate quality testing, integration with existing technologies, proper marketing of the feature and market acceptance. We may not be able to develop new features successfully or to introduce and gain market acceptance of new features in a timely manner, or at all.
The successful development, introduction and customer acceptance of new features, enhancements, integrations, capabilities and versions of our existing features is costly and time-consuming, and our business could be harmed if we fail to deliver new features, enhancements, integrations, capabilities and versions of our existing features that meet customer needs on a timely and cost effective basis.
For example, we recently released the first version of an open-source financial group chat optimized for financial conversations, designed to be used both in and outside of work, and maintained by a community of open source developers. This initial version has a subset of the features of our legacy app available as we continue development. We expect our open-source offering to be a complete rewrite of the Expensify front end, built on a new React Native platform that uses the same codebase across iOS, Android, web and desktop once completed. Although we see this direction as a natural next step in our long-term product vision, we have not developed an open-source financial group chat (or similar feature) before, and it may not meet customer needs, gain member traction or generate revenue sufficient to offset the costs of development, which could harm our business even if and when the feature complete version is released.
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We face significant competition, the market in which we operate is rapidly evolving, and if we do not compete effectively, our results of operations and financial condition could be harmed.
We face significant competitive challenges from do-it-yourself approaches as well as companies that provide traditional horizontal platform solutions with expense management features, corporate card providers and niche expense management solutions. Traditional do-it-yourself approaches (for example, using spreadsheets, email, messaging and legacy project management tools) are people-intensive and involve internal personnel manually performing expense management processes. Many businesses using do-it-yourself approaches believe that these manual processes are adequate and may be unaware that Expensify can replace several expensive, disconnected services with one fully connected preaccounting platform for a fraction of the cost, resulting in an inertia that can be difficult to overcome. It is difficult to predict adoption rates and demand for our platform, the future growth rate and size of the market for expense management and other preaccounting products, or the entry of competitive offerings. The expansion of the expense management and other preaccounting products market depends on a number of factors, including the cost, performance and perceived value associated with these solutions. If expense management and other preaccounting solutions do not achieve widespread adoption, or there is a reduction in demand for expense management and other preaccounting products caused by a lack of customer acceptance, technological challenges, weakening economic conditions, security or privacy concerns, competing technologies and products, decreases in corporate spending, or otherwise, it could result in decreased revenue, and our business, results of operations and financial condition would be adversely affected.
In addition, there are a number of competing companies that provide traditional horizontal platform solutions with expense management features, some of which have substantially greater revenue, personnel and other resources than we do. These firms have historically targeted primarily large enterprise customers, but many of them also market to SMBs in search of growth in revenue or market share. We also face competition from a growing number of other businesses offering expense management solutions and corporate cards. Our smaller competitors who currently focus their product offerings on SMBs may be better positioned than larger competitors to increase their market share with SMBs, whether by competing based on price, service, or otherwise. Increased competition may impact our ability to add new customers at the rates we have historically achieved. Additionally, competition may increase in the future from new market entrants. With the introduction of new technologies and the entry of new companies into the market, we expect competition to persist and intensify. This could harm our ability to increase our customer base, maintain subscription renewals and maintain our prices.
Additionally, it is possible that large enterprises with substantial resources that operate in adjacent accounting, finance or compliance verticals may decide to pursue expense management automation and become immediate, significant competitors. Merger and acquisition activity in the technology industry could increase the likelihood that we compete with other large technology companies. Many of our existing competitors have, and our potential competitors could have, substantial competitive advantages such as greater name recognition, longer operating histories, larger sales and marketing budgets and resources, greater customer support resources, lower labor and development costs, larger and more mature intellectual property portfolios and substantially greater financial, technical and other resources. Some of our larger competitors also have substantially broader product lines and market focus and will therefore not be as susceptible to downturns in a particular market. Conditions in our market could change rapidly and significantly as a result of technological advancements, partnering by our competitors, or continuing market consolidation. New startup companies that innovate, and large companies that are making significant investments in research and development, may invent similar or superior products and technologies that compete with our platform, including the addition of bottom-up adoption features. Some of our larger competitors use broader product offerings to compete, including by selling at zero or negative margins, by bundling their product, or by closing access to their technology platforms. Potential customers may prefer to purchase from their existing suppliers rather than a new supplier regardless of product performance or features. Furthermore, potential customers may be more willing to incrementally add solutions to their existing infrastructure from competitors than to replace their existing infrastructure with our platform. These competitive pressures in our market, or our failure to compete effectively, may
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result in price reductions, fewer new customers, lower revenue and loss of market share. Any failure to successfully and effectively compete with current or future competitors could cause us to lose business and harm our revenue growth, business, results of operations and financial condition.
An economic downturn or economic uncertainty could negatively impact our customers and materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our business depends on the economic health of our current and prospective customers and the overall state of the economy. Declining levels of economic activity may lead to declines or delays in business spending, declines in the number of paid monthly members of our platform and fewer transactions for which our platform may be used, which may result in decreased revenue for us. Uncertain and adverse economic conditions may cause customers to change their company policies to limit expense reimbursement and have led to increased requests for, and may lead to, increased refunds and chargebacks. Additionally, economic uncertainty and negative economic pressures may cause prospective or existing customers to defer investment or expansion in their business, and they may become more price-sensitive and perceive our platform as too costly. As of December 31, 2023, businesses with fewer than 1,000 employees accounted for approximately 95% of our customers by revenue, and we focus our product, marketing and sales efforts on these businesses, including SMBs. These customers may be more susceptible to general economic conditions than larger businesses, which may have greater liquidity and access to capital. Our competitors, many of whom are larger and more established than we are, may respond to market conditions by lowering their prices and attempting to lure away our customers. Many of our larger competitors currently focus their product offerings on larger customers who may be less susceptible to general economic conditions. As a result, our larger competitors may be better positioned than we are to increase their market share with businesses of all sizes. In addition, the increased pace of consolidation in certain industries may result in reduced overall spending on our platform offerings. We cannot predict the timing, strength or duration of any economic slowdown, instability or recovery, generally or within any particular industry. If the economic conditions of the general economy or markets in which we operate worsen from present levels, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.
Payments and other financial services-related laws and regulations and government oversight are material to our business. Our failure to comply with such laws and regulations could materially harm our business and can subject us to criminal and civil liability.
The local, state, and federal laws, rules, regulations, licensing and other authorization schemes, and industry standards that govern our business, including our payment services, include, or may in the future include, those relating to banking, invoicing, cross-border and domestic money transmission, foreign exchange, payments services (such as payment processing and settlement services), anti-money laundering, combating terrorist financing, escheatment, U.S. and international sanctions regimes, and compliance with the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard ("PCI-DSS"), a set of requirements designed to ensure that all companies that process, store, or transmit payment card information maintain a secure environment to protect cardholder data. These laws, rules, regulations, licensing and other authorization schemes, and industry standards are administered and enforced by multiple authorities and governing bodies in the United States, including but not limited to the U.S. Department of the Treasury, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Office of Foreign Assets Control, self-regulatory organizations, and numerous state and local governmental and regulatory authorities. Any failure or perceived failure to comply with existing or new laws and regulations, or orders of any governmental authority, including changes to or expansion of their interpretations, may subject us to significant fines, penalties, criminal and civil lawsuits, forfeiture of significant assets, enforcement actions in one or more jurisdictions, result in additional compliance and licensure requirements, and increased regulatory scrutiny of our business. In addition, we may be forced to restrict or change our operations or business practices, make product changes, or delay planned product launches or improvements. Any of the foregoing could materially adversely affect our brand, reputation, business, results of operations, and financial condition.
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Expensify Payments LLC (“Expensify Payments”) is a licensed money transmitter (or its equivalent) in various U.S. states and territories and is in the process of obtaining money transmission licenses in a number of additional states and territories. As a licensed money transmitter, Expensify Payments, its ultimate beneficial owners, and its control persons are subject to a range of restrictions and ongoing compliance obligations under the money transmitter statutes (or their equivalent) administered by the banking departments (or their equivalent) of the various U.S. states and territories where it is licensed, including requirements with respect to the investment of customer funds, financial recordkeeping and reporting, reconciliation of customer funds, bonding, minimum capital, minimum net worth, disclosure, and inspection by regulatory authorities concerning various aspects of its business. In a number of cases, evaluation of our compliance efforts, as well as questions of whether and to what extent our activities in connection with the provision of certain products and services (both current and historical) are considered money transmission, are matters of regulatory interpretation and could change over time. In the past, regulators have identified violations or alleged violations of certain statutory and regulatory requirements, and we have been subject to fines and other penalties by state regulatory authorities due to their interpretation and application of their respective state money transmitter regime to our activities. In the future, as a result of the laws and regulations applicable to us and our business, we could be subject to investigations, inspections, examinations, and supervision, and resulting liability, including governmental fines, restrictions on our business, or other similar enforcement actions, and we could be forced to cease conducting certain aspects of our business with residents of certain jurisdictions, be forced to change our business practices in certain jurisdictions, or be required to obtain additional licenses, regulatory approvals, or other similar authorizations. We cannot make any assurances that we will be able to obtain or maintain any such licenses, regulatory approvals, and other similar authorizations, and there could be substantial costs and potential product changes involved in obtaining and maintaining any such licenses, approvals, or other similar authorizations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business. In addition, there are substantial costs and potential product changes involved in maintaining and renewing any licenses, regulatory approvals, and other similar authorizations, and we could be subject to fines or other enforcement action if we are found to violate disclosure, reporting, anti-money laundering, capitalization, net worth, corporate governance, or other requirements applicable to us, including those required in connection with maintaining such licenses, approvals, or authorizations. These factors could impose substantial additional costs on us, involve considerable delay to the development or provision of our products or services to our customers, require significant and costly operational changes, or prevent us from providing our products or services in any given market.
Governmental and regulatory bodies and authorities may also impose new or additional requirements on our business or issue or promulgate new laws, regulations, or rules applicable to persons engaged in money transmission that adversely affect our business, including those that:
•prohibit, restrict, and/or impose taxes or fees on money transmission transactions in, to or from certain countries or with certain governments, individuals, or entities;
•impose additional customer identification and customer due diligence requirements;
•impose additional reporting or recordkeeping requirements, or require enhanced transaction monitoring;
•limit the types of entities capable of providing money transmission services, or impose additional licensing or registration requirements;
•impose minimum capital or other financial requirements;
•limit or restrict the revenue that may be generated from money transmission, including revenue from interest earned on customer funds, transaction fees, and revenue derived from foreign exchange;
•require enhanced disclosures to our money transmission customers;
•require the principal amount of money transmission originated in a country to be invested in that country or held in trust until paid;
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•limit the number or principal amount of money transmission transactions that may be sent to or from a jurisdiction, whether by an individual or in the aggregate;
•restrict or limit our ability to process transactions using centralized databases, for example, by requiring that transactions be processed using a database maintained in a particular country or region; or
•impose other requirements in furtherance of their missions.
The success of our business largely depends on our senior management team, and we depend on professional services firms for a portion of our finance function. The loss of any key employees or our outsourced finance team could adversely affect our business.
Our success depends largely upon the continued services of our key executive officers and employees, including our founder and CEO, David Barrett. We also rely on our leadership team in the areas of research and development, marketing, sales, services and general and administrative functions, and on mission-critical individual contributors in research and development. From time to time, there may be changes in our executive management team resulting from the hiring or departure of executives, which could disrupt our business. We do not have employment agreements with our executive officers or other key personnel that require them to continue to work for us for any specified period and, therefore, they could terminate their employment with us at any time. The loss of one or more of our executive officers or key employees could have a serious adverse effect on our business.
In addition, we depend on certain professional services firms for a portion of our finance function. If we lose the services of these outsourced finance teams for any reason, our ability to complete key accounting processes and reviews and provide timely and accurate financial reporting could be seriously harmed, and we could experience material weaknesses in our disclosure controls and procedures and our internal control over financial reporting. In addition, we may be unable to retain a new outside professional services firm or expand the size and expertise of our internal accounting team sufficiently and quickly enough to implement the processes and reviews necessary to ensure that material misstatements do not occur, which could seriously harm our business. Any failure to provide timely and accurate financial reporting or to maintain effective disclosure controls and internal control over financial reporting could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition, and could cause investors to lose confidence in our financial reports and our financial reporting generally, which could cause a decline in the trading price of our Class A common stock.
We cannot guarantee that our share repurchase program will be fully consummated or that it will enhance long-term stockholder value. Share repurchases could also increase the volatility of the trading price of our common stock and could diminish our cash reserves.
On May 10, 2022, the Executive Committee authorized a share repurchase program to repurchase up to $50 million of our outstanding Class A common stock. Although the Executive Committee has authorized this repurchase program, the program does not obligate us to repurchase any specific dollar amount or to acquire any specific number of shares. The actual timing, manner, price and total amount of future repurchases will depend on a variety of factors, including business, economic and market conditions, corporate and regulatory requirements, prevailing stock prices, restrictions under the terms of loan agreements and other considerations. The share repurchase program may be modified, suspended, or terminated at any time, and we cannot guarantee that the program will be fully consummated or that it will enhance long-term stockholder value. The program could affect the trading price of our stock and increase volatility, and any announcement of a termination of this program may result in a decrease in the trading price of our stock. In addition, this program could diminish our cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities.
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We rely on a single third-party vendor, issuing bank and card network for our Expensify Card, and if we lose any of these services, our business, results of operations, financial condition and growth prospects could be harmed.
The Expensify Card is an important element of our growth strategy, and we believe that, over time, the Expensify Card will be a prominent corporate card solution for SMBs in our core markets. For our Legacy Card Program, launched in 2020, we rely on a single third-party vendor, Marqeta, for the Expensify Card, who also manages the relationship with the card's issuing bank, Sutton Bank, and the card network, Visa. In the annual periods ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, consideration from this vendor representing monetized Expensify Card activities reduced our cost of revenue by $10.1 million, $6.2 million, and $2.9 million, respectively. Our agreement with Marqeta initially had a three year term that was renewed in June 2022 and now automatically renews annually thereafter unless either party provides 90 days’ notice prior to renewal.
Under our Updated Card Program, which had not yet launched to customers as of December 31, 2023 and thus has not yet resulted in any revenue, we rely on Marqeta as the payment processor, Bancorp as the card’s issuing bank, and Visa as the card network. Under the Updated Card Program, our agreement with Marqeta has an initial term of approximately four years, and will automatically renew annually thereafter. Our agreement with Bancorp has an initial five year term, and will automatically renew annually thereafter.
In addition to standard termination for cause provisions, either party can terminate without cause upon 180 days' notice, and under certain circumstances Marqeta may terminate with reduced or no notice, including if required to do so by the issuing bank or any regulator with jurisdiction over the issuing bank or Marqeta, or in the event of that we issue cards outside of approved use cases. In the event of termination or expiration of the agreement with Marqeta, we have the right to request Marqeta's assistance in transitioning to a new vendor, and during the transition period the agreement will continue on the same terms. If such transition is not successful, or if we otherwise lose our Expensify Card vendor, issuing bank or card network for any reason, we could experience service interruptions as well as delays and additional expenses, and we may be unable to replace these services on competitive terms, or at all, which could harm our business, results of operations, financial condition and growth prospects.
If we or our third party providers fail to protect our IT Systems against security incidents, or otherwise to protect our Confidential Information, there may be damage to our reputation and brand, material financial penalties, and legal liability, which could substantially harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
We rely on computer systems, hardware, software, technology infrastructure and online sites and networks for both internal and external operations that are critical to our business (collectively, “IT Systems”). We own and manage some of these IT Systems, but also rely on third parties for a range of IT Systems and related products and services. We and certain of our third-party providers collect, maintain, and process data our customers provide us, some of which is confidential information about them or their financial transactions. We also process personal information about our employees, vendors, and business partners, and those who purchase products or services from our customers – as well as proprietary information belonging to the business such as trade secrets (collectively, “Confidential Information”).
We face numerous and evolving cybersecurity risks that threaten the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of our IT Systems and Confidential Information, through diverse attack vectors, such as social engineering/phishing, malware (including ransomware), malfeasance by insiders, human or technological error, and as a result of malicious code embedded in open-source software, or misconfigurations, “bugs” or other vulnerabilities in commercial software that is integrated into our (or our suppliers’ or service providers’) IT systems, products, or services. Attacks upon information technology systems are increasing, and expected to continue increasing, in their frequency, levels of persistence, sophistication and intensity – including through the use of artificial intelligence – and are being conducted by diverse threat actors including sophisticated and organized groups and individuals with a wide range of motives and expertise. Furthermore, because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access to, or to sabotage, systems change frequently and often are not recognized until launched against a target, we may be unable to
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anticipate these techniques or implement adequate preventative measures. We may also be subject to vulnerabilities or experience security incidents that may remain undetected for an extended period as attacks may circumvent security controls, evade detection, and remove forensic evidence. As a result, we may be unable to detect, investigate, remediate or recover from future attacks or incidents, or to avoid a material adverse impact to our IT Systems, Confidential Information, or business.
There can be no assurance that our cybersecurity risk management program and processes, including our policies, controls, or procedures, will be fully implemented, complied with or effective in protecting our IT Systems and Confidential Information. Because we make extensive use of third party suppliers and service providers, successful cyberattacks that disrupt or result in unauthorized access to third party IT Systems can materially impact our operations and financial results. Additionally, many of our employees and service providers work remotely, in part due to a significant increase in remote work stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic that has been maintained. As a result, we may be more vulnerable to cybersecurity-related events such as phishing attacks and other security challenges. Many companies that provide cloud based services have reported a significant increase in cyberattack activity since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic and related increase in remote work.
We and certain of our third-party providers regularly experience cyberattacks and other incidents, and we expect such attacks and incidents to continue in varying degrees. While to date no incidents have had a material impact on our operations or financial results, we cannot guarantee that material incidents will not occur in the future. Any adverse impact to the availability, integrity, or confidentiality of our IT Systems or Confidential Information can result in intentional or accidental unauthorized access to our IT Systems or our customers’ or partners’ sites, networks, systems and accounts; unauthorized access to, and misappropriation or disclosure of Confidential Information; viruses, worms, spyware, ransomware, or other malware being served from our platform, mobile application, networks, or systems, including as a result of supply chain attacks; deletion or modification of content or the display of unauthorized content on our platform; interruption, disruption, or malfunction of operations; costs relating to remediation, deployment of additional personnel and protection technologies, and response to governmental investigations and media inquiries and coverage; engagement of third-party experts and consultants; or risk of loss, litigation, regulatory action and other potential liabilities. If any of these adverse impacts should occur, we cannot guarantee data loss can be prevented. Additionally, if any adverse impacts occur, our reputation and brand could be damaged, our business may suffer, and we could be required to expend significant capital and other resources to alleviate problems caused by such breaches. Actual or anticipated cyber security attacks may cause us to incur increasing costs, including costs to deploy additional personnel and protection technologies, train employees and engage third-party experts and consultants. Any computer malware, viruses, computer hacking, fraudulent use attempts, phishing attacks, or other data security incidents among other things, could harm our reputation and our ability to retain existing customers and attract new customers.
Any actual or perceived compromise of our IT Systems or Confidential Information, or those of our customers, partners, or third-party service providers, could also violate applicable privacy, data protection, data security, network and information systems security and other laws, and cause significant legal and financial exposure, adverse publicity, and a loss of confidence in our security measures, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition. In addition, any insurance we maintain may be insufficient to cover our losses resulting from disasters, cyber-attacks, or other business interruptions, and any incidents may result in loss of, or increased costs of, such insurance. We may need to devote significant resources in the future to address problems caused by cyber attacks, including notifying affected individuals and responding to any resulting litigation, which in turn, diverts resources from the growth and expansion of our business.
Moreover, we are subject to the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (“PCI-DSS”), issued by the Payment Card Industry Security Standards Council. PCI-DSS contains compliance guidelines with regard to our security surrounding the physical and electronic storage, processing and transmission of cardholder data. If we or our service providers are unable to comply with the security standards
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established by banks and the payment card industry, we may be subject to fines, restrictions and expulsion from card acceptance programs, which could materially and adversely affect our business.
Our business depends on a strong brand, and if we are not able to maintain and enhance our brand, our ability to expand our base of customers may be impaired, and our business and results of operations will be harmed.
We believe that the brand identity that we have developed has significantly contributed to the success of our business. We also believe that maintaining and enhancing the “Expensify” brand is critical to expanding our customer base and establishing and maintaining relationships with partners. Successful promotion of our brand will depend largely on the effectiveness of our marketing efforts, our ability to ensure that our platform remains high-quality, reliable, useful and competitively priced, the quality and perceived value of our platform, our ability to successfully differentiate our platform and features from those of our competitors and the ability of our customers to achieve successful results by using our platform and features. Maintaining and enhancing our brand may require us to make substantial investments not just in our core expense management service but also in newer features, such as our financial chat services, and to make substantial investments in foreign markets, and these investments may not be successful. We also plan to enhance our brand and drive interest in our overall platform by introducing certain consumer-focused features, which may not be successful. Substantial advertising expenditures may be required to maintain and enhance our brand, which may not prove successful. Advertising and other brand promotion activities may not generate customer awareness or increase revenue, and even if they do, any increase in revenue may not offset the expenses we incur in building our brand. For example, in 2023 we opened the Expensify Lounge in San Francisco, CA as a brand awareness campaign that ultimately did not yield the expected results and was shut down in late 2023. As another example, in 2023 we hosted our third ExpensiCon, an invite-only, all-expenses paid industry conference set in an exotic location that includes a full itinerary of events and excursions. The goal of this ExpensiCon was to increase our market consensus among our Approved! Accounting partners and increase adoption of our platform. We have spent significant resources on this initiative, and there can be no assurance that we will be successful in achieving those goals or that the nature of the event will not expose us to additional risks. Additionally, there could be a negative reaction to certain advertising campaigns and values-based activity and communications. If we fail to promote and maintain the “Expensify” brand, or if we incur excessive expenses in this effort, we may fail to attract or retain customers necessary to realize a sufficient return on our brand-building efforts or to achieve the widespread brand awareness that is critical for broad customer adoption of our platform and features. We anticipate that, as our market becomes increasingly competitive, maintaining and enhancing our brand may become more difficult and expensive.
We expect to continue to make substantial investments and expenditures related to the growth of our business.
To improve the scalability, security, efficiency and failover aspects of our features, and to support our ongoing efforts to expand and enhance our platform and our business, we are continually updating our software and content and investing in the development, introduction and customer acceptance of new features, enhancements, integrations, capabilities and versions of our existing features. Additionally, we will need to continue to make substantial investments and expenditures to, among other things:
•hire new and retain existing employees;
•maintain, expand, update and improve our infrastructure;
•expand our sales and marketing activities, including to obtain channel partners and to expand our SMB and consumer advertising;
•expand our operations across multiple geographies;
•operate as a public company; and
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•pay for increasing costs associated with our general and administrative organization.
We may also review or revise our software architecture as we grow, which may require significant resources and investments. For example, we recently released the first version of an open-source financial group chat optimized for financial conversations, designed to be used both in and outside of work, and maintained by a community of open source developers. We expect our open-source offering to be a complete rewrite of the Expensify front end, built on a new React Native platform that uses the same codebase across iOS, Android, web and desktop once it is completed. There can be no assurance that this direction will achieve customer acceptance or that we will realize the anticipated return on our investment even if and when the feature complete version is released.
If we experience increasing demand for our features, we may not be able to augment our infrastructure quickly enough to accommodate this demand, which may limit our growth or cause disruptions, outages and other performance problems that could lead to financial liabilities or affect our brand and reputation. If our subscription sales decrease, certain of our fixed costs, such as for capital equipment, may make it difficult for us to adjust our expenses downward quickly.
Our business is substantially dependent upon the continued development of the market for, and acceptance of, cloud based software features.
We have derived, and expect to continue to derive, substantially all of our revenue from the sale of subscriptions for our cloud based platform. The market for cloud based software is not as mature as the market for on premises software applications. We do not know whether the trend of adoption of cloud based software that we have experienced in the past will continue in the future, and the adoption rate of cloud based software may be slower at companies in industries with heightened data security interests or sensitivity to communication network slowdowns or outages. Additionally, international acceptance of cloud-based software varies by country, and is limited in certain countries where we may seek to expand. Our success will depend to a substantial extent on the widespread adoption of cloud based software products in general, and of cloud based preaccounting products in particular. Many businesses have invested substantial personnel and financial resources to integrate on premises software products into their businesses and have been reluctant or unwilling to migrate to cloud based software products. Furthermore, some businesses may be reluctant or unwilling to use cloud based products because they have concerns regarding the risks associated with the security of their data and the reliability of the technology and service delivery model associated with solutions like ours. Additionally, integration opportunities for our cloud-based platform may be limited without widespread adoption of other cloud-based software products, which may prevent a member from maximizing their experience with our platform. In addition, if we or other cloud based providers experience security incidents, loss of customer data, disruptions in delivery, or other problems, the market for cloud based software solutions as a whole, including for our solutions, may be negatively impacted. If the adoption of cloud based software solutions does not continue at the rate we anticipate, the market for these solutions may stop developing or may develop more slowly than we expect, either of which would harm our business.
If we fail to offer a high-quality customer experience, our business and reputation will suffer.
While we have designed our platform and features to be easy to adopt and use, once individuals and organizations begin using Expensify, they rely on our support services to resolve any related issues. High-quality member and customer education and customer experience have been key to the adoption of our platform and features and for the conversion of individuals and organizations using our free features and trial subscriptions into paying customers. The importance of high-quality customer experience will increase as we expand our business and pursue new customers. For instance, if we do not help organizations on our platform quickly resolve issues and provide effective ongoing member experience at the individual and organizational levels, our ability to convert organizations on our trial subscription into paying customers will suffer, and our reputation with existing or potential customers will be harmed. Further, the success of our bottom-up business model is highly dependent on our business reputation and on word-of-mouth positive recommendations from existing individuals and organizations using our platform and features. Any failure to maintain high-quality customer experience, or a market perception
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that we do not maintain high-quality customer experience, could harm our reputation, our ability to sell our platform to existing and prospective customers and our business, results of operations and financial condition.
In addition, as we continue to grow our operations and reach a larger and increasingly global customer and member base, we need to be able to provide efficient customer support that meets the needs of organizations using our platform and features globally at scale. The number of organizations using our platform and features has grown significantly, which puts additional pressure on our support organization. Our platform is designed to leverage our proprietary AI-powered customer support engine, Concierge. Our Concierge service is powered by AI and trained by customer support agents. As we continue to grow and add features, we will need to hire additional support personnel to be able to continue to provide efficient customer support globally at scale, and if we are unable to provide such support, our business, results of operations and financial condition would be harmed.
We must continue to attract and retain highly qualified personnel, including an on-demand workforce in certain jurisdictions and for certain aspects of our business, to continue to execute on our business strategy and growth plans.
In order to continue to execute on our business strategy and growth plans, including the development of new features, and to maintain and upgrade our existing features, we will need to attract a sufficient number of highly qualified personnel, especially software engineers. Competition for software engineers and other key personnel in our industry is intense, especially for engineers with high levels of experience in designing and developing software for Internet-related services. As we become a more mature company, we may find our recruiting efforts more challenging.
In addition, one of our business strategies is to supplement our small core team of generalists with a large number of specialist contractors, managed by third-party vendors, from around the world. For example, we rely on certain third-party vendors to provide a specialized on-demand workforce to provide 24/7 real-time chat support and free phone onboarding for every Expensify member. We also intend to use this strategy to pair our core group of engineering generalists with a global network of open source engineering specialists, such as for the development and maintenance of our open-source financial group chat. If we are unable attract a sufficient number of specialized on-demand workers, or if changes to applicable foreign, state and local laws governing the definition or classification of independent contractors make it difficult or impossible for us to hire a sufficient number of specialized on-demand workers in a cost-effective manner, our costs could increase and our business, results of operations and financial condition could be harmed.
Job candidates and existing employees often consider the value of the equity awards they receive in connection with their employment. The incentives to attract, retain and motivate employees provided by our equity awards or other compensation arrangements may not be as effective as in the past. If the perceived value of our stock declines, it may adversely affect our ability to recruit and retain highly skilled employees.
Many of the companies with which we compete for experienced personnel have greater resources than we have. If we hire employees from competitors or other companies, their former employers may attempt to assert that these employees or our company have breached their legal obligations, resulting in a diversion of our time and resources.
Our recruiting efforts may also be limited by laws and regulations, such as restrictive immigration laws, and restrictions on travel or availability of visas. If we do not succeed in attracting excellent personnel or retaining or motivating existing personnel, we may be unable to innovate quickly enough to support our business model or grow effectively.
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Our culture has contributed to our success, and if we cannot maintain this culture as we grow, we could lose the high employee engagement fostered by our culture, which could harm our business.
We believe that a critical component of our success has been our culture, which is deeply embedded in everything we do. Our culture is centered on a belief that a life well lived is one that enables you to achieve the following three goals: Live Rich, Have Fun and Save the World. We have invested substantial time and resources in building our team with an emphasis on collaboration and innovation, ensuring customer success and a commitment to diversity and inclusion. We invest in our culture to create fun, diverse and memorable experiences for our employees, including employee travel to company-wide meetings in the U.S. and abroad. As we continue to grow and develop the infrastructure associated with being a public company, we will need to maintain our culture among a larger number of employees dispersed in various geographic regions. Any failure to preserve our culture could negatively affect our future success, including our ability to retain and recruit personnel.
If we fail to effectively manage our growth, our business and results of operations could be harmed.
We experienced rapid growth and increased demand for our platform prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Our revenue grew from $53.9 million in 2018 to $80.5 million in 2019 to $88.1 million in 2020 to $142.8 million in 2021, but our headcount remained relatively consistent, with 131 employees as of December 31, 2018, 127 employees as of December 31, 2019, 133 employees as of December 31, 2020, and 144 employees as of December 31, 2021. From 2021 to 2022, our revenue grew to $169.5 million, but our headcount remained relatively consistent, with 144 employees as of December 31, 2021 and 138 employees as of December 31, 2022. In 2023, our revenue declined to $150.7 million, with 133 employees as of December 31, 2023. The growth and expansion of our business and platform may place a significant strain on our management and our administrative, operational and financial reporting resources. Our ability to accurately plan for and model future growth is limited and subject to a number of uncertainties, due in part to our global operations, customer preferences and mix of products and features. We have encountered, and will continue to encounter, risks and uncertainties frequently experienced by growing companies in rapidly changing industries. If our assumptions regarding these risks and uncertainties, which we use to plan our business strategies and operations, are incorrect or change due to industry or market developments, or if we do not address these risks successfully, our operating results could differ materially from our expectations and our business could suffer. For example, we are required to manage multiple relationships with various strategic, integration and channel partners, customers and other third parties. In the event of further growth of our operations or in the number of our third-party relationships, our computer systems, procedures, or internal controls may not be adequate to support our operations, and our management may not be able to manage such growth effectively. To effectively manage our growth, we must continue to implement and improve our operational, financial and management information and reporting systems and manage our employee base. In addition, as we seek to continue to expand internationally, we will likely encounter unexpected challenges and expenses due to unfamiliarity with local regulations, requirements, practices and markets.
Our payments services and our Expensify Card are targets for illegal or improper uses, and our risk management efforts may not be effective, which could expose us to losses and liability and otherwise harm our business.
We offer payments services and the Expensify Card to our customers, and we are responsible for vetting and monitoring these customers and determining whether the transactions we process for them are legitimate. When our features and services are used to process illegitimate transactions, and we settle those funds to sellers and are unable to recover them, we suffer losses and liability. These types of illegitimate transactions can also expose us to governmental and regulatory sanctions. The highly automated nature of, and liquidity offered by, our payments services make us a target for illegal or improper uses, including fraudulent or illegal sales of goods or services, money laundering and terrorist financing. Identity thieves and those committing fraud using stolen or fabricated credit card or bank account numbers, or other deceptive or malicious practices, can potentially steal significant amounts of money from our business. In configuring our payments services, we face an inherent trade-off between
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security and customer convenience. Our risk management policies, procedures, techniques and processes may not be sufficient to identify all of the risks to which we are exposed, to enable us to mitigate the risks we have identified, or to identify additional risks to which we may become subject in the future. In addition, when we introduce new services, focus on new business types, or begin to operate in markets where we have a limited history of fraud loss, we may be less equipped to forecast and reserve accurately for those losses. Furthermore, if our risk management policies and processes contain errors or are otherwise ineffective, we may suffer large financial losses, we may be subject to civil and criminal liability, and our business may be materially and adversely affected.
We are currently, and will continue to be, exposed to risks associated with chargebacks and refunds in connection with payment card fraud or relating to the goods or services provided by our sellers. In the event that a billing dispute between a cardholder and a seller is not resolved in favor of the seller, including in situations where the seller engaged in fraud, the transaction is typically “charged back” to the seller and the purchase price is credited or otherwise refunded to the cardholder. If we are unable to collect chargeback or refunds from the seller’s account, or if the seller refuses to or is unable to reimburse us for a chargeback or refunds due to closure, bankruptcy, or other reasons, we may bear the loss for the amounts paid to the cardholder. We do not collect and maintain reserves from our sellers to cover these potential losses. The risk of chargebacks is typically greater with those of our sellers that promise future delivery of goods and services, which we allow on our service. If we are unable to maintain our losses from chargebacks at acceptable levels, the payment card networks could fine us, increase our transaction fees, or terminate our ability to process payment cards. Any increase in our transaction fees could damage our business, and if we were unable to accept payment cards, our business would be materially and adversely affected.
If we experience excessive fraudulent activity, we could incur substantial costs and lose the right to accept credit cards for payment, which could cause our customer base to decline significantly.
A large portion of our paying customers authorize us to bill their credit card accounts through our third-party payment processing partners for our paid subscription plans. If customers pay for their subscription plans with stolen credit cards, we could incur substantial third-party vendor costs for which we may not be reimbursed. Further, our customers provide us with credit card billing information online, and we do not review the physical credit cards used in these transactions, which increases our risk of exposure to fraudulent activity. We also incur chargebacks from the credit card companies for claims that the customer did not authorize the credit card transaction for subscription plans, something that we have experienced in the past. If the number of claims of unauthorized credit card transactions becomes excessive, we could be assessed substantial fines for excess chargebacks, and we could lose the right to accept credit cards for payment. In addition, credit card issuers may change merchant standards, including data protection and documentation standards, required to utilize their services from time to time. Our third-party payment processing partners must also maintain compliance with current and future merchant standards to accept credit cards as payment for our paid subscription plans. Substantial losses due to fraud or our inability to accept credit card payments would cause our customer base to significantly decrease and would harm our business.
Sales to customers outside the United States and our international operations expose us to risks inherent in international sales and operations.
Our revenue generated from customers outside the United States was $13.3 million (9% of our revenue), $14.7 million (9% of our revenue), and $15.2 million (11% of our revenue) for the annual periods ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Our core geographies are the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada and Australia. We intend to pursue expansion of our international operations. Operating in international markets requires significant resources and management attention and subjects us to regulatory, economic and political risks that are different from those in the United States. In addition, we
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face risks in doing business internationally that could adversely affect our business and results of operations, including:
•the need to localize and adapt our platform and features for specific countries, including translation into foreign languages, tax and regulatory updates and associated expenses;
•data privacy laws that impose different and potentially conflicting obligations with respect to how personal data is processed or require that customer data be stored in a designated territory;
•more fragmented partner market which proves to be harder for our platform to integrate with;
•difficulties in staffing and managing foreign operations;
•regulatory and other delays and difficulties in setting up foreign operations;
•different pricing environments, longer accounts receivable payment cycles and collections issues;
•new and different sources of competition;
•weaker protection for intellectual property and other legal rights than in the United States and practical difficulties in enforcing intellectual property and other rights outside of the United States;
•laws and business practices favoring local competitors;
•compliance challenges related to the complexity of multiple, conflicting and changing governmental laws and regulations;
•exposure to liabilities under anti-corruption and anti-money laundering laws, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, U.S. bribery laws, the UK Bribery Act and similar laws and regulations in other jurisdictions;
•increased financial accounting and reporting burdens and complexities;
•declines in the values of foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar;
•restrictions on the transfer of funds;
•potentially adverse tax consequences;
•the cost of and potential outcomes of any claims or litigation;
•future accounting pronouncements and changes in accounting policies;
•changes in tax laws or tax regulations;
•health or similar issues, such as a pandemic or epidemic; and
•regional and local economic and political conditions.
As we continue to expand our business globally, our success will depend, in large part, on our ability to anticipate and effectively manage these risks. These factors and others could harm our ability to increase international revenue and, consequently, would materially impact our business and results of operations. The expansion of our existing international operations and entry into additional international markets will require significant management attention and financial resources. Our failure to successfully manage our international operations and the associated risks effectively could limit the future growth of our business.
We may be adversely affected by global economic and political instability.
As we seek to expand our business globally, our overall performance will depend in part on worldwide economic and geopolitical conditions. Economies domestically and internationally have been affected from time to time by falling demand for a variety of goods and services, restricted credit, poor liquidity,
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reduced corporate profitability, employment pressures in services sectors, volatility in credit, equity and foreign exchange markets, bankruptcies and health crises, including COVID-19, as well as war, terrorist activity, political unrest, civil strife and other geopolitical uncertainty, and the resulting impact on business continuity and travel, supply chain disruptions, inflation, security issues, and overall uncertainty with respect to the economy, including with respect to tariff and trade issues.
For example, the invasion of Ukraine by Russian military forces in February 2022 and Hamas's attack on Israel in October 2023 has resulted in sustained conflict and disruption in those regions and the surrounding areas. The length, impact and outcome of these conflicts are highly unpredictable; however, they could lead to significant market and other disruptions, some of which have already been experienced, including significant volatility in commodity prices and supply of energy resources, instability in financial markets, supply chain interruptions, political and social instability and changes in consumer or purchaser preferences, as well as an increase in cyberattacks and espionage. Additionally, sanctions or other measures implemented by other countries, as well as potential responses from other countries, could adversely affect the global economy and financial markets, which could in turn have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, political instability or adverse political developments and new or continued economic deterioration in any of the countries in which we operate could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We face exposure to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations.
While we have historically transacted in U.S. dollars with the majority of our customers and vendors, we have transacted in some foreign currencies with such parties and for our payroll in those foreign jurisdictions where we have operations, and expect to continue to transact in more foreign currencies in the future. Accordingly, declines in the value of foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar can adversely affect our revenue and results of operations due to remeasurement that is reflected in our earnings. Also, fluctuations in the values of foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar could make it more difficult to detect underlying trends in our business and results of operations.
We are subject to anti-corruption, anti-bribery, anti-money laundering and similar laws. Non-compliance with such laws can subject us to criminal and/or civil liability and harm our business.
We must comply with anti-corruption laws and regulations imposed by governments around the world with jurisdiction over our operations, which may include the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 (“FCPA”) and the U.K. Bribery Act 2010 (“Bribery Act”), as well as the laws of the countries where we do business. These laws and regulations apply to companies, individual directors, officers, employees and agents, and may restrict our operations, trade practices, investment decisions and partnering activities. Where they apply, the FCPA and the Bribery Act prohibit us and our officers, directors, employees and business partners acting on our behalf, including joint venture partners and agents, from corruptly offering, promising, authorizing or providing anything of value to public officials for the purposes of influencing official decisions or obtaining or retaining business or otherwise obtaining favorable treatment. The Bribery Act also prohibits non-governmental “commercial” bribery and accepting bribes. As part of our business, we may deal with governments and state-owned business enterprises, the employees and representatives of which may be considered public officials for purposes of the FCPA and the Bribery Act. We also are subject to the jurisdiction of various governments and regulatory agencies around the world, which may bring our personnel and agents into contact with public officials responsible for issuing or renewing permits, licenses or approvals or for enforcing other governmental regulations. In addition, some of the international locations in which we operate lack a developed legal system and have elevated levels of corruption.
Our wholly owned subsidiary, Expensify Payments LLC, is registered as a “Money Services Business” with the U.S. Department of Treasury’s Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (“FinCEN”), and subject to regulatory oversight and enforcement by FinCEN under the Bank Secrecy Act, as amended by the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001 (“BSA”). Among other things, the BSA requires money services businesses to develop and implement risk-based anti-money laundering programs, report large cash transactions and suspicious activity and maintain transaction records. The BSA prohibits, among other things, our
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involvement in transferring the proceeds of criminal activities. Regulators in the United States and globally may require us to further revise or expand our compliance program, including the procedures we use to verify the identity of our customers and to monitor international and domestic transactions. In addition, we are contemplating offering certain products in the future that may require us to obtain licenses to operate as a money transmitter (or its equivalent) in various states and territories where such licenses are required. We have already obtained such licenses in certain states and have pending license applications in others. If we are unable to obtain a license to operate as a money transmitter, our ability to grow certain of our services may be limited. As a licensed money transmitter, we would be subject to obligations and restrictions with respect to the handling and investment of customer funds, record keeping and reporting requirements, bonding requirements and inspection by state regulatory agencies.
There are substantial costs and potential changes to our offerings involved in obtaining, maintaining and renewing these licenses and registrations. We could be subject to significant fines or other enforcement actions if we are found to violate disclosure, reporting, anti-money laundering, economic and trade sanctions, corporate governance and internal controls, banking secrecy, or other laws and requirements. These factors could involve considerable delay to the development or provision of our offerings or services, require significant and costly operational changes, impose restrictions, limitations, or additional requirements on our business, or prevent us from providing our offerings or services in a given geography.
Our business also must be conducted in compliance with applicable economic and trade sanctions and export control laws and regulations, such as those administered and enforced by the U.S. Department of Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control, the U.S. Department of State, the U.S. Department of Commerce, the United Nations Security Council and other relevant sanctions authorities, which impose restrictions or prohibitions on the sale or supply of certain products or services to embargoed or sanctioned countries, governments, persons, and entities. Although we take precautions to prevent our platform from being provided in violation of such laws, our platform may have been in the past, and could in the future be, provided inadvertently in violation of such laws, despite the precautions we take. Our global operations expose us to the risk of violating, or being accused of violating, anti-corruption, anti-money laundering, export control and economic and trade sanctions laws and regulations. Our failure to comply with these laws and regulations may expose us to reputational harm as well as significant penalties, including criminal fines, imprisonment, civil fines, disgorgement of profits, injunctions and debarment from government contracts, as well as other remedial measures. Investigations of alleged violations can be expensive and disruptive. Despite our compliance efforts and activities we cannot assure compliance by our employees or representatives for which we may be held responsible, and any such violation could materially adversely affect our reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations.
We receive, process, store and use business and personal data, which subjects us to governmental regulation and other legal obligations related to data privacy, protection and security, and our actual or perceived failure to comply with such obligations could harm our business and expose us to liability.
We receive, process, store and use business and personal data relating to our employees, members and customers around the world, including the United States and the European Economic Area (“EEA”). As a result, our business is therefore subject to a number of federal, state, local and foreign laws, regulations, regulatory codes and guidelines governing data privacy, data protection and security, including with respect to the collection, storage, use, processing, transmission, sharing and protection of personal data. For instance, laws in all fifty U.S. states and outside the United States (and sometimes contractual and/or other obligations) and certain international laws and regulations require notification of certain incidents to a number of third parties, such as impacted customers, regulators, credit reporting agencies or others when certain information has been compromised as a result of a security breach. We seek to comply with applicable laws, regulations, policies, legal obligations and industry standards and have developed privacy policies, data processing addenda and internal privacy procedures to reflect our practices designed to achieve such compliance. However, such laws, regulations, regulatory codes and guidelines regulations are complex, may be inconsistent across jurisdictions or conflict with other rules and their interpretation is rapidly evolving, making implementation and enforcement, and thus compliance requirements,
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ambiguous, uncertain, and potentially inconsistent and therefore, there can be no assurance that our policies and process will be fully implemented, complied with, or effective. Compliance with such laws may require changes to our data collection, use, transfer, disclosure, other processing, and certain other related business practices and may thereby increase compliance costs or have other material adverse effects on our business. Further, any significant change in applicable laws, regulations, or industry practices regarding the use or disclosure of our members’ or customers’ data, or regarding the manner in which the express or implied consent of members or customers for the use and disclosure of such data is obtained, could require us to modify our platform, possibly in a material manner, and may limit our ability to develop new services and features that make use of the data that our members and customers voluntarily share.
A failure on our part to safeguard consumer data adequately or to destroy data securely or otherwise comply with legal obligations may subject us, depending on the personal data in question, to costs associated with notice and remediation, as well as potential regulatory investigations or enforcement actions, and possibly to civil liability, under federal, state, or foreign laws or regulation, industry standards, our internal privacy policies and procedures, or our contracts governing our processing of personal data claims by third parties, and damage to our reputation, any of which could have an adverse effect on our operations, financial performance and business. We could also incur significant costs investigating and defending such claims and, if we are found liable, significant damages.
For example, in the United States, the data protection landscape is also rapidly growing and evolving on both the state and federal level. As our operations and business grow, we may become subject to or affected by new or additional data protection laws and regulations and face increased scrutiny or attention from regulatory authorities. For example, a number of state-level general data privacy laws have or will soon go into effect that introduce new data privacy rights for consumers and new operational requirements for companies. For instance, the California Consumer Privacy Act (“CCPA”), provides data privacy rights for California residents and operational requirements for covered businesses. Among other things, companies covered by the CCPA must provide new disclosures to California residents and afford such residents certain privacy rights relating to their personal data. The CCPA also considers certain financial information to be “sensitive personal information” imposing additional requirements on businesses, such as public disclosures about how such data is being used and disclosed by the business. The CCPA also provides for civil penalties for violations, as well as a private right of action for certain data breaches that increases the potential exposure in relation to data breaches. We cannot fully predict the impact of these laws, or subsequent guidance, regulations or rules on our business or operations, including those that are still in draft form, but they may increase our compliance costs and potential liability, particularly in the event of a data breach, and could have a material adverse effect on our business, including how we use personal data, our financial condition, and the results of our operations or prospects. Further, if we become subject to other state-level privacy laws, guidelines or regulations, we may be required again to modify our data collection or processing practices and policies and to incur substantial costs and expenses in an effort to comply and increase our potential exposure to regulatory enforcement and/or litigation.
Furthermore, at the federal level, we are also subject to laws, regulations and standards covering marketing, advertising, cookies, tracking technologies, e-marketing, and other activities conducted by telephone, email, mobile devices and the internet, such as the Federal Wiretap Act, the Telephone Consumer Protection Act, the Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing Act, and similar state consumer protection and communication privacy laws. Additionally, the Federal Trade Commission ("FTC") and many state Attorneys General continue to enforce federal and state consumer protection laws against companies for online collection, use, dissemination and security practices that appear to be unfair or deceptive. For example, according to the FTC, failing to take appropriate steps to keep consumers’ personal data secure can constitute unfair acts or practices in or affecting commerce in violation of Section 5(a) of the Federal Trade Commission Act. The FTC expects a company’s data security measures to be reasonable and appropriate in light of the sensitivity and volume of consumer information it holds, the size and complexity of its business, and the cost of available tools to improve security and reduce vulnerabilities. There are a number of legislative proposals in the United States, at
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both the federal and state level, and in the E.U. and more globally, that could impose new obligations in areas such as e-commerce and other related legislation or liability for copyright infringement by third parties. We cannot yet determine the impact that these future laws, regulations and standards may have on our business.
In addition, the EU General Data Protection Regulation ("GDPR") imposes stringent data protection requirements for processing the personal data of individuals within the European Economic Area ("EEA"). The GDPR enhances data protection obligations for processors and controllers of personal data, including, for example, expanded disclosure requirements, limitations on retention of personal data, mandatory data breach notification requirements and additional obligations. Non-compliance with the GDPR can trigger fines of up to the greater of €20 million or 4% of our global revenue. Among other requirements, the GDPR regulates transfers of personal data subject to the GDPR to third countries that have not been found to provide adequate protection to such personal data, including the United States, and the efficacy and longevity of current transfer mechanisms between the E.U. and the United States remains uncertain. For example, in 2016, the E.U. and United States agreed to a transfer framework for data transferred from the E.U. to the United States, called the Privacy Shield, but the Privacy Shield was invalidated in July 2020 by the Court of Justice of the European Union ("CJEU"). The CJEU also raised questions about whether the European Commission’s Standard Contractual Clauses, one of the primary mechanisms used by companies to transfer personal data out of the EEA, complies with the GDPR. While the CJEU upheld the validity of the Standard Contractual Clauses, the CJEU ruled that the underlying data transfers must be assessed on a case-by-case basis by the data controller to determine whether the personal data will be adequately protected. At present, there are few if any viable alternatives to the Standard Contractual Clauses and, therefore, there is uncertainty regarding how to ensure that transfers of personal data from Europe to the United States comply with the GDPR. As such, any transfers by us of personal data from Europe may not comply with European data protection laws and may increase our exposure to the GDPR’s heightened sanctions for violations of its cross-border data transfer restrictions. Loss of our ability to transfer personal data from Europe may also require us to increase our data processing capabilities in those jurisdictions at significant expense.
Further, following the United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the E.U. and the end of the related transition period, as of January 1, 2021, companies may be subject to both GDPR and the United Kingdom GDPR, or UK GDPR, which, together with the amended UK Data Protection Act 2018, retains the GDPR in UK national law. The UK GDPR mirrors the fines under the GDPR, imposing fines up to the greater of €20 million (£17.5 million) or 4% of global turnover. The relationship between the United Kingdom and the E.U. in relation to certain aspects of data protection law remains unclear, and it is unclear how United Kingdom data protection laws and regulations will develop in the medium to longer term, and how data transfers to and from the United Kingdom will be regulated in the long term. These changes will lead to additional costs and increase our overall risk exposure. Currently there is a four to six-month grace period agreed in the E.U. and United Kingdom Trade and Cooperation Agreement, ending June 30, 2021 at the latest, while the parties discuss an adequacy decision. The European Commission published a draft adequacy decision on February 19, 2021. If adopted, the decision will enable data transfers from E.U. member states to the United Kingdom for a four-year period, subject to subsequent extensions. While we have instituted a GDPR compliance strategy and program that we continue to evaluate and improve as our platform changes and expands, we still do not know how E.U. regulators will interpret or enforce many aspects of the GDPR, and some regulators may do so in an inconsistent manner, making such a prediction even more difficult.
In addition to the E.U., a growing number of other global jurisdictions are considering or have passed legislation implementing data protection requirements or requiring local storage and processing of data or similar requirements that could increase the cost and complexity of delivering our platform, particularly as we expand our operations internationally. Some of these laws, such as the General Data Protection Law in Brazil, or the Act on the Protection of Personal Information in Japan, impose similar obligations as those under the GDPR. Others, such as those in Russia, India and China, could potentially impose more stringent obligations, including data localization requirements. If we are unable to develop and offer features that meet legal requirements or help our members and customers meet their obligations under
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the laws or regulations relating to privacy, data protection, or information security, or if we violate or are perceived to violate any laws, regulations, or other obligations relating to privacy, data protection, or information security, we may experience reduced demand for our platform, harm to our reputation and become subject to investigations, claims and other remedies, which would expose us to significant fines, penalties and other damages, all of which would harm our business. Further, given the breadth and depth of changes in global data protection obligations, compliance has caused us to expend significant resources, and such expenditures are likely to continue into the future as we continue our compliance efforts and respond to new interpretations and enforcement actions.
In addition to laws relating to data privacy and security, we are subject to self-regulatory standards and industry certifications that may legally or contractually apply to us. These include the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standards ("PCI-DSS") with which we are currently compliant. In the event that we fail to comply with the PCI-DSS, we could be in breach of our obligations under customer and other contracts, fines and other penalties could result, and we may suffer reputational harm and damage to our operations, financial performance, reputation and business. Further, our clients may expect us to comply with more stringent privacy and data security requirements than those imposed by laws, regulations, or self-regulatory requirements, and we may be obligated contractually to comply with additional or different standards relating to our handling or protection of data on or by our offerings.
If we fail to manage our technical operations infrastructure, or experience service outages, interruptions, or delays in the deployment of our platform, our results of operations may be harmed.
Because our operations involve delivering a suite of preaccounting features to our customers through a cloud-based software platform, our continued growth depends in part on the ability of our platform and related computer equipment, infrastructure and systems to continue to support our features. In the past, we have experienced temporary platform disruptions, outages in our features and degraded levels of performance due to human and software errors, file corruption and capacity constraints associated with the number of customers accessing our platform simultaneously. While our past experiences have not materially impacted us, in the future we may face more disruptions, outages, or performance problems. Factors that may cause such disruptions or problems include:
•human error;
•security breaches;
•telecommunications failures or outages from third-party providers;
•computer viruses, malware, vulnerability exploits, or cyber-attacks;
•software errors, failures, vulnerabilities or bugs in our features;
•acts of terrorism, sabotage or other intentional acts of vandalism;
•unforeseen interruption or damages;
•pandemics and epidemics;
•tornados, fires, earthquakes, floods and other natural disasters; and
•power loss.
In addition, continued growth in our customer base could place additional demands on our platform and features and could cause or exacerbate slowdowns or interrupt the availability of our platform. As we expand our platform capabilities to other features, like the Expensify Card, those new features may come with different technological demands, like real time transactions. If we are unable to plan or develop our platform accordingly, it could have a negative impact on our business. If there is a substantial increase in the volume of usage across our platform, we will be required to further expand and upgrade our technology and infrastructure. There can be no assurance that we will be able to accurately project the
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rate or timing of increases, if any, in the use of our platform or expand and upgrade our systems and infrastructure to accommodate such increases on a timely basis. In such cases, if our members are not able to access our platform and features or encounter slowdowns when doing so, we may lose customers or partners, which would adversely impact our reputation and revenue. Further, any changes in the service levels at our data centers or any errors, defects, disruptions or other performance problems with our network infrastructure may result in lengthy interruptions in the availability of our platform and features. In such cases, we may lose our customers’ trust and confidence in our platform, and customer and employee data from recent transactions may be permanently lost and we could be exposed to significant claims by clients, particularly if the access interruption is associated with problems in the timely delivery of funds due to employees. In order to remain competitive, we must continue to enhance and improve the responsiveness, functionality and features of our platform and products. Our disaster recovery plan may not be sufficient to address all aspects or any unanticipated consequence or incidents, and our insurance may not be sufficient to compensate us for the losses that could occur.
We lease the cloud computing infrastructure that we use to host our platform, mobile application and many of the internal tools we use to operate our business. Any significant disruption of, limitation of our access to, or other interference with our use of the cloud services would negatively impact our operations and could seriously harm our business. Our business relies on the availability of our platform for our members and customers, and we may lose members or customers if they are not able to access our platform or encounter difficulties in doing so.
In addition, we rely on third-party hosting services, hardware and infrastructure purchased or leased from third parties and software licensed from third parties to operate critical business functions. Our business would be disrupted if any of this third-party hardware, software and infrastructure becomes unavailable on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. Furthermore, delays or complications with respect to the transition of critical business functions from one third-party product to another, or any errors or defects in third-party hardware, software, or infrastructure could result in errors or a failure of our platform, which could harm our business and results of operations.
Moreover, our platform and features depend on our customers’ high speed broadband or wireless access to the Internet. Increasing numbers of customers and bandwidth requirements may degrade the performance of our features due to capacity constraints and other Internet infrastructure limitations, and additional network capacity to maintain adequate data transmission speeds may be unavailable or unacceptably expensive. If adequate capacity is not available to us, our features may be unable to achieve or maintain sufficient data transmission, reliability, or performance. In addition, if Internet service providers and other third parties providing Internet services, including incumbent phone companies, cable companies and wireless companies, have outages or suffer deterioration in their quality of service, our customers may not have access to or may experience a decrease in the quality of our platform and features. These providers may take measures that block, degrade, discriminate, disrupt, or increase the cost of customer access to our features. Any of these disruptions to data transmission could lead customers to switch to our competitors or avoid using our features, which could negatively impact our revenue or harm our opportunities for growth.
We rely upon data centers and other systems and technologies provided by third parties to operate our business, and interruptions or performance problems with these centers, systems and technologies may adversely affect our business and operating results.
We rely on data centers and other technologies and services provided by third parties in order to operate our business. If any of these services becomes unavailable or otherwise is unable to serve our requirements, there could be a delay in activating a mirrored data center or our disaster recovery system.
Our business depends on our ability to protect the growing amount of information stored in our data centers and related systems, offices and hosting facilities, against damage from earthquake, floods, fires, other extreme weather conditions, power loss, telecommunications failures, hardware failures, unauthorized intrusion, overload conditions and other events. If our data centers or related systems fail to operate properly or become disabled even for a brief period of time, we could suffer financial loss, a
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disruption of our business, liability to customers, or damage to our reputation. Our response to any type of disaster may not be successful in preventing the loss of customer data, service interruptions and disruptions to our operations, or damage to our important facilities.
Our data center providers have no obligations to renew their agreements with us on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, and it is possible that we will not be able to switch our operations to another provider in a timely and cost effective manner should the need arise. If we are unable to renew our agreements with these providers on commercially reasonable terms, or if in the future we add additional data center facility providers, we may face additional costs or expenses or downtime, which could harm our business.
Any unavailability of, or failure to meet our requirements by, third party data centers, technologies, or services, could impede our ability to provide services to our customers, harm our reputation, subject us to potential liabilities, result in contract terminations and adversely affect our customer relationships. Any of these circumstances could adversely affect our business and operating results.
If we are unable to ensure that our platform interoperates with a variety of software applications that are developed by others, including our integration partners, we may become less competitive and our business, results of operations and financial condition may be harmed.
Our platform must integrate with a variety of hardware and software platforms, and we need to continuously modify and enhance our platform to adapt to changes in hardware, software and browser technologies. In particular, we have developed our platform to be able to easily integrate with third-party applications, including the applications of software providers that compete with us as well as our partners, through the interaction of APIs and/or platforms. In general, we rely on the providers of such software systems to allow us access to their APIs to enable these integrations. We are typically subject to standard terms and conditions of such providers, which govern the distribution, operation and fees of such software systems, and which are subject to change by such providers from time to time. Our business will be harmed if any provider of such software systems:
•discontinues or limits our access to its software or APIs;
•modifies its terms of service or other policies, including fees charged to, or other restrictions on us, or other application developers;
•changes how information is accessed by us or our customers;
•establishes more favorable relationships with one or more of our competitors; or
•develops or otherwise favors its own competitive offerings over our platform.
Third-party services and products are constantly evolving, and we may not be able to modify our platform to assure its compatibility with that of other third parties. In addition, some of our competitors may be able to disrupt the operations or compatibility of our platform with their products or services, or exert strong business influence on our ability to, and terms on which we operate our platform. Should any of our competitors modify their products or standards in a manner that degrades the functionality of our platform or gives preferential treatment to competitive products or services, whether to enhance their competitive position or for any other reason, the interoperability of our platform with these products could decrease and our business, results of operations and financial condition would be harmed. If we are not permitted or able to integrate with these and other third-party applications in the future, our business, results of operations and financial condition would be harmed.
Further, our platform includes a mobile application to enable individuals and organizations to access our platform through their mobile devices. If our mobile application does not perform well, our business will suffer. In addition, our platform interoperates with servers, mobile devices and software applications predominantly through the use of protocols, many of which are created and maintained by third parties. We therefore depend on the interoperability of our platform with such third-party services, mobile devices
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and mobile operating systems, as well as cloud-enabled hardware, software, networking, browsers, database technologies and protocols that we do not control. The loss of interoperability, whether due to actions of third parties or otherwise, and any changes in technologies that degrade the functionality of our platform or give preferential treatment to competitive services could adversely affect adoption and usage of our platform. Also, we may not be successful in developing or maintaining relationships with key participants in the mobile industry or in ensuring that Expensify operates effectively with a range of operating systems, networks, devices, browsers, protocols and standards. If we are unable to effectively anticipate and manage these risks, or if it is difficult for customers to access and use our platform, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be harmed.
We rely on third parties maintaining open marketplaces to distribute our mobile application. If such third parties interfere with the distribution of our platform, our business would be adversely affected.
We rely on third parties maintaining open marketplaces, including the Apple App Store and Google Play, which make our mobile application available for download. We cannot assure you that the marketplaces through which we distribute our mobile application will maintain their current structures or that such marketplaces or any new marketplaces will not charge us additional fees to list our application for download. We are also dependent on these third-party marketplaces to enable us and our members to timely update our mobile application, and to incorporate new features, integrations and capabilities.
In addition, Apple Inc. and Google, among others, for competitive or other reasons, could stop allowing or supporting access to our mobile application through their products, could allow access for us only at an unsustainable cost, or could make changes to the terms of access in order to make our mobile application less desirable or harder to access.
We rely on traditional web search engines and prominence in mobile application marketplaces to drive interest in our platform. If our website fails to rank prominently in organic search results, or our mobile application is not featured prominently in marketplaces, the discoverability of our platform could decline and our business would be adversely affected.
Our success depends in part on our discoverability – our ability to attract new members through unpaid Internet search results on traditional web search engines such as Google and through the prominence of our mobile application in open marketplaces. The number of members we are able to attract through these platforms is due in large part to how our website ranks in organic search results and how our mobile application ranks against similar applications. These rankings can be affected by a number of factors, many of which are not in our direct control, and they may change frequently. For example, a search engine may change its ranking algorithms, methodologies, or design layouts. As a result, links to our website may not be prominent enough to drive traffic to our website, and we may not know how or otherwise be in a position to influence the results. Any reduction in our discoverability could reduce our revenue or require us to increase our sales and marketing expenditures.
Changes in laws and regulations related to the Internet or changes in the internet infrastructure itself may diminish the demand for our applications, and could have a negative impact on our business.
The future success of our business depends upon the continued use of the Internet as a primary medium for commerce, communication and business. Federal, state and foreign government bodies or agencies have in the past adopted, and may in the future adopt, laws or regulations affecting the use of the Internet as a commercial medium. Changes in these laws or regulations could require us to modify our applications in order to comply with these changes. In addition, government agencies or private organizations may impose taxes, fees or other charges for accessing the Internet or commerce conducted via the Internet. These laws or charges could limit the growth of Internet-related commerce or communications generally, or result in reductions in the demand for Internet-based applications such as ours.
In addition, the use of the Internet as a means of conducting business could be adversely affected due to delays in the development or adoption of new standards and protocols to handle increased demands of
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Internet activity, security, reliability, cost, ease of use, accessibility and quality of service. The performance of the Internet has been adversely affected by “viruses,” “worms” and similar malicious programs and the Internet has experienced a variety of outages and other delays as a result of damage to portions of its infrastructure. If the use of the Internet is adversely affected by these issues, demand for our applications could suffer.
Third parties may claim that our platform infringes their intellectual property rights and this may create liability for us or otherwise adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.
There is considerable patent and other intellectual property litigation in our industry. Our competitors, as well as a number of other entities, including non-practicing entities and individuals, may own or claim to own intellectual property relating to our industry. There may be third-party intellectual property rights, including issued or pending patents, that cover significant aspects of our technologies or business methods. As we face increasing competition and our public profile increases, the possibility of intellectual property rights claims against us may also increase. From time to time, our competitors or other third parties have claimed, and may in the future claim, that we are infringing upon, misappropriating, or violating their intellectual property rights, even if we are unaware of the intellectual property rights that such parties may claim cover our platform or some or all of the other technologies we use in our business.
Our success depends, in part, on our ability to develop and commercialize our solutions and services without infringing, misappropriating or otherwise violating the intellectual property rights of third parties. In a patent infringement claim against us, we may assert, as a defense, that we do not infringe the relevant patent claims, that the patent is invalid or both. The strength of our defenses will depend on the patents asserted, the interpretation of these patents, and our ability to invalidate the asserted patents. However, we could be unsuccessful in advancing non-infringement or invalidity arguments in our defense. In the United States, issued patents enjoy a presumption of validity, and the party challenging the validity of a patent claim must present clear and convincing evidence of invalidity, which is a high burden of proof. Conversely, the patent owner need only prove infringement by a preponderance of the evidence, which is a lower burden of proof. We may also be unaware of the intellectual property rights of others that may cover some or all of our technology. Because patent applications can take years to issue and are often afforded confidentiality for some period of time, there may currently be pending applications, unknown to us, that later result in issued patents that could cover one or more of our products and there is also a risk that we could adopt a technology without knowledge of a pending patent application, which technology would infringe a third-party patent once that patent is issued. Any litigation may also involve non-practicing entities or other adverse patent owners that have no relevant solution revenue, and therefore, our patent portfolio may provide little or no deterrence as we would not be able to assert our patents against such entities or individuals.
We may also face exposure to third party intellectual property infringement, misappropriation, or violation actions if we engage software engineers or other personnel who were previously engaged by competitors or other third parties and those personnel inadvertently or deliberately incorporate proprietary technology of third parties into our features. Any intellectual property claims, with or without merit, could be very time-consuming and expensive to settle or litigate, could cause us to incur significant expenses, pay substantial amounts in damages, ongoing royalty or license fees, or other payments, or could prevent us from offering all or aspects of our platform or using certain technologies, require us to re-engineer all or a portion of our platform or require that we comply with other unfavorable terms. The costs of litigation are considerable, and such litigation may divert management and key personnel’s attention and resources, which might seriously harm our business, results of operations and financial condition. We may be required to settle such litigation on terms that are unfavorable to us. For example, a settlement may require us to obtain a license to continue practices found to be in violation of a third party’s rights, which may not be available on reasonable terms and may significantly increase our operating expenses. A license to continue such practices may not be available to us at all. As a result, we may also be required to develop alternative non-infringing technology or practices or discontinue the practices. The development of alternative non-infringing technology or practices would require significant effort and expense. Similarly, if any litigation to which we may be a party fails to settle and we go to trial, we may be
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subject to an unfavorable judgment that may not be reversible upon appeal. For example, the terms of a judgment may require us to cease some or all of our operations or require the payment of substantial amounts to the other party. Any of these events would cause our business and results of operations to be materially and adversely affected as a result.
We are also frequently required to indemnify our reseller partners and customers in the event of any third-party infringement claims against our customers and third parties who offer our platform, and such indemnification obligations may be excluded from contractual limitation of liability provisions that limit our exposure. These claims may require us to initiate or defend protracted and costly litigation on behalf of our customers and reseller partners, regardless of the merits of these claims. If any of these claims succeed, we may be forced to pay damages on behalf of our customers and reseller partners, may be required to modify our allegedly infringing platform to make it non-infringing, or may be required to obtain licenses for the products used. If we cannot obtain all necessary licenses on commercially reasonable terms, our customers may be forced to stop using our platform, and our reseller partners may be forced to stop selling our platform.
If we are unable to protect our intellectual property rights, the value of our brand and other intangible assets may be diminished, and our business may be adversely affected.
Our success is dependent, in part, upon protecting our intellectual property rights and proprietary information. We rely and expect to continue to rely on a combination of trademark, copyright, patent and trade secret protection laws to protect our intellectual property rights and proprietary information. Our trademarks and service marks include EXPENSIFY, SMARTSCAN and various marketing slogans. Additionally, we maintain a policy requiring our employees, consultants, independent contractors and third parties who are engaged to develop any material intellectual property for us to enter into confidentiality and invention assignment agreements to control access to and use of our proprietary information and to ensure that any intellectual property developed by such employees, contractors, consultants and other third parties are assigned to us. However, we cannot guarantee that the confidentiality and proprietary agreements or other employee, consultant, or independent contractor agreements we enter into adequately protect our intellectual property rights and other proprietary information. In addition, we cannot guarantee that these agreements will not be breached, that we will have adequate remedies for any breach, or that the applicable counter-parties to such agreements will not assert rights to our intellectual property rights or other proprietary information arising out of these relationships. If we lose valuable personnel, our ability to develop, market and support potential features or enhancements could also be hampered, which could severely harm our business. Furthermore, the steps we have taken and may take in the future may not prevent misappropriation of our proprietary features or technologies, particularly with respect to officers and employees who are no longer employed by us.
Moreover, third parties may knowingly or unknowingly infringe or circumvent our intellectual property rights, and we may not be able to prevent infringement without incurring substantial expense. Litigation brought to protect and enforce our intellectual property rights may be costly, time-consuming and distracting to management and key personnel, and could result in the impairment or loss of portions of our intellectual property. Furthermore, our efforts to enforce our intellectual property rights may be met with defenses, counterclaims and countersuits attacking the validity and enforceability of our intellectual property rights. If the protection of our intellectual property rights is inadequate to prevent use or misappropriation by third parties, the value of our brand and other intangible assets may be diminished and competitors may be able to more effectively mimic our platform and methods of operations. Any of these events would have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Our proprietary rights may be difficult to enforce, which could enable others to copy or use aspects of our platform without compensating us and negatively affect our business.
Our future success and competitive position depends in part upon our ability to obtain or maintain certain intellectual property used in our platform. We rely primarily on patent, trademark, copyright and trade
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secrets laws and confidentiality procedures and contractual provisions to protect our technology. While we have been issued patents for certain aspects of our intellectual property in the United States and have additional patent applications pending in the United States, we have not applied for patent protection in foreign jurisdictions, and may be unable to obtain patent protection for the technology covered in our patent applications. In addition, we cannot ensure that any of the patent applications will issue or that the claims allowed on any issued patents will be sufficiently broad to protect our technology or platform and provide us with competitive advantages. Moreover, failure to comply with applicable procedural, documentary, fee payment and other similar requirements with the United States Patent and Trademark Office could result in abandonment or lapse of the affected patent, trademark or application. Furthermore, any issued patents may be challenged, invalidated, or circumvented by third parties.
Many patent applications in the United States may not be public for at least 18 months after they are filed, and since publication of discoveries in the scientific or patent literature tends to lag behind actual discoveries by several months, we cannot be certain that we will be the first creator of inventions covered by any patent application we make or that we will be the first to file patent applications on such inventions. In addition, recent changes to the patent laws in the United States may bring into question the validity of certain software patents and may make it more difficult and costly to prosecute patent applications. Such changes may lead to uncertainties or increased costs and risks surrounding the prosecution, validity, ownership, enforcement and defense of our issued patents and patent applications and other intellectual property, the outcome of third-party claims of infringement, misappropriation, or other violation of intellectual property brought against us and the actual or enhanced damages (including treble damages) that may be awarded in connection with any such current or future claims, and could have a material adverse effect on our business.
We also rely on unpatented proprietary technology. Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary rights, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy aspects of our technology or obtain and use information that we regard as proprietary. It is possible that others will independently develop the same or similar technology or otherwise obtain access to our unpatented technology. To protect our trade secrets and other proprietary information, we require employees, consultants and independent contractors to enter into confidentiality agreements. However, such agreements may not be enforceable in full or in part in all jurisdictions and any breach could have a negative effect on our business and our remedy for such breach may be limited. The contractual provisions that we enter into may not prevent unauthorized use or disclosure of our proprietary technology or intellectual property rights and may not provide an adequate remedy in the event of unauthorized use or disclosure of our proprietary technology or intellectual property rights. As such, we cannot guarantee that the steps taken by us will prevent misappropriation of our technology. We cannot assure you that these agreements will provide meaningful protection for our trade secrets, know-how, or other proprietary information in the event of any unauthorized use, misappropriation, or disclosure of such trade secrets, know-how, or other proprietary information. If we are unable to maintain the proprietary nature of our technologies, our business would be materially adversely affected.
We rely on our trademarks, trade names and brand names to distinguish our features from the products of our competitors, and have registered or applied to register many of these trademarks in the United States and certain countries outside the United States. However, occasionally third parties may have already registered identical or similar marks for products or features that also address the software market. As we rely in part on brand names and trademark protection to enforce our intellectual property rights, efforts by third parties to limit use of our brand names or trademarks and barriers to the registration of brand names and trademarks in various countries may restrict our ability to promote and maintain a cohesive brand throughout our key markets. Occasionally trademark offices have taken the view that certain of our trademarks, including SMARTSCAN, are merely descriptive or not inherently protectable. There can also be no assurance that pending or future U.S. or foreign trademark applications will be approved in a timely manner or at all, or that such registrations will effectively protect our brand names and trademarks. Third parties may also oppose our trademark applications, or otherwise challenge our use of the trademarks. For example, our applications to register KARMA POINTS as a trademark in the European Union and United Kingdom have been opposed by a third party. In the event that our trademarks are successfully
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challenged or we do not adequately protect our trademarks, we could be forced to rebrand our platform, which would result in loss of brand recognition and would require us to devote resources to advertising and marketing new brands.
Policing unauthorized use of our technology and trademarks is difficult. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect our proprietary rights to as great an extent as the laws of the United States, and many foreign countries do not enforce these laws as diligently as government agencies and private parties in the United States. For example, many foreign countries limit the enforceability of patents against certain third parties, including government agencies or government contractors. In these countries, any patents that we may obtain may provide limited or no benefit. Effective trade secret protection may also not be available in every country in which our features are available or where we have employees or independent contractors. The loss of trade secret protection could make it easier for third parties to compete with our features by copying functionality. In addition, any changes in, or unexpected interpretations of, the trade secret and employment laws in any country in which we operate may compromise our ability to enforce our trade secret and intellectual property rights. From time to time, legal action by us may be necessary to enforce our patents and other intellectual property rights, to protect our trade secrets, to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others or to defend against claims of infringement or invalidity. Such litigation could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and could negatively affect our business, operating results and financial condition. If we are unable to protect our proprietary rights (including aspects of our software and platform protected other than by patent rights), we will find ourselves at a competitive disadvantage to others who need not incur the additional expense, time and effort required to create our platform and other innovative features that have enabled us to be successful to date. Moreover, we may need to expend additional resources to defend our intellectual property rights in foreign countries, and our inability to do so could impair our business or adversely affect our international expansion.
Our use of “open source” and third-party software could impose unanticipated conditions or restrictions on our ability to commercialize our features and could subject us to possible litigation.
A portion of the technologies we use in our platform, database infrastructure (Bedrock), Expensify.com, new.expensify.com and mobile application incorporate “open source” software, and we may incorporate open source software in our platform and mobile application in the future. From time to time, companies that use third-party open source software have faced claims challenging the use of such open source software and their compliance with the terms of the applicable open source license. We may be subject to suits by parties claiming ownership of what we believe to be open source software, or claiming non-compliance with the applicable open source licensing terms. If we combine our proprietary software with open source software in a certain manner, we could, under certain open source licenses, be required to release the source code of our proprietary software to the public, including authorizing further modification and redistribution, or otherwise be limited in the licensing of our services, each of which could provide an advantage to our competitors or other entrants to the market, allow them to create similar products with lower development effort and time, and ultimately result in a loss of sales for us. While we employ practices designed to monitor our compliance with the licenses of third-party open source software and protect our valuable proprietary source code, we may inadvertently use third-party open source software in a manner that exposes us to claims of non-compliance with the applicable terms of such license, including claims for infringement of intellectual property rights or for breach of contract. Additionally, if a third-party software provider has incorporated open source software into software that we license from such provider, we could be required to disclose source code that incorporates or is a modification of such licensed software. Furthermore, there is an increasing number of open-source software license types, almost none of which have been tested in a court of law, resulting in a dearth of guidance regarding the proper legal interpretation of such license types. If an author or other third party that distributes open source software that we use or license were to allege that we had not complied with the conditions of the applicable open source license, we may also have to expend substantial time and resources to re-engineer some or all of our software, incur significant legal expenses defending against such allegations, be subject to significant damages, or be enjoined from the sale of our platform that contained the open source software.
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In addition, the use of third-party open source software typically exposes us to greater risks than the use of third-party commercial software because open-source licensors generally do not provide warranties or controls on the functionality or origin of the software. Use of open source software may also present additional security risks because the public availability of such software may make it easier for hackers and other third parties to determine how to compromise our platform. Any of the foregoing could be harmful to our business, results of operations, or financial condition.
We license technology from third parties, and our inability to maintain those licenses could harm our business.
We rely on software licensed from third parties to offer our platform. In addition, we may need to obtain future licenses from third parties to use intellectual property rights associated with the development of our platform, which might not be available on acceptable terms, or at all. Any loss of the right to use any third-party software required for the development and maintenance of our platform or mobile application could result in loss of functionality or availability of our platform or mobile application until equivalent technology is either developed by us, or, if available, is identified, obtained and integrated. Any errors or defects in third-party software could result in errors or a failure of our platform or mobile application. Licensing technologies from third parties also exposes us to increased risk of being the subject of intellectual property infringement due to, among other things, our lower level of visibility into the development process with respect to such technology and the care taken to safeguard against infringement risks. We cannot be certain that our licensors do not or will not infringe on the intellectual property rights of third parties or that our licensors have or will have sufficient rights to the licensed intellectual property in all jurisdictions in which we may sell our platform. Some of our agreements with our licensors may be terminated by them for convenience, or otherwise provide for a limited term. If we are unable to continue to license technology because of intellectual property infringement claims brought by third parties against our licensors or against us, or if we are unable to continue our license agreements or enter into new licenses on commercially reasonable terms, our ability to develop and sell features and services containing or dependent on that technology would be limited, and our business could be harmed. Additionally, if we are unable to license technology from third parties, we may be forced to acquire or develop alternative technology, which we may be unable to do in a commercially feasible manner or at all, and may require us to use alternative technology of lower quality or performance standards. This could limit or delay our ability to offer new or competitive features and increase our costs. Any of the foregoing would disrupt the distribution and sale of subscriptions to our platform and harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Any litigation against us could be costly and time-consuming to defend.
We have in the past and may in the future become subject to legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business. We could be subject to claims, lawsuits (including class actions and individual lawsuits), government investigations and other proceedings involving consumer protection, labor and employment, immigration, import and export practices, product labeling, competition, accessibility, securities, tax, marketing and communications practices, commercial disputes, defamation, civil rights infringement, negligence, intellectual property rights infringement, invasion of privacy, product liability, regulatory compliance, or other legal claims, including claims relating to information that is published or made available via our platform. For example, in November 2020, the Federal Election Commission ("FEC") notified us of a number of complaints filed against us in connection with David Barrett's email on October 23, 2020 urging customers to protect democracy. We responded to the complaints in November and December 2020, requesting dismissal of all complaints. On May 31, 2022 we received notice from the FEC clearing us of any wrongdoings in relation to these complaints. However, we cannot assure you that the matter will not result in further complaints, regulatory inquiries or future proceedings. See Part I, Item 3 "Legal Proceedings" for additional information regarding our legal proceedings.
The number and significance of our legal disputes and inquiries have increased as we have grown larger, as our business has expanded in scope and geographic reach, and as our features and services have
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increased in complexity, and we expect the potential for future legal proceedings, claims and disputes will continue to increase. Becoming a public company has raised our public profile, which may result in increased litigation.
Regardless of the outcome, legal proceedings might result in substantial costs and may divert management and key personnel’s attention and resources, which might seriously harm our business, results of operations and financial condition. Plaintiffs may seek, and we may become subject to, preliminary or provisional rulings in the course of litigation, including preliminary injunctions requiring us to cease some or all of our operations. We may decide to settle legal disputes on terms that are unfavorable to us; for example, we may be required to cease some or all of our operations or pay substantial amounts to the other party, which could materially and adversely affect our business. Furthermore, if any litigation to which we are a party is resolved adversely, we may be subject to an unfavorable judgment that we may not choose to appeal or that may not be reversed upon appeal. We may have to seek a license to continue practices found to be in violation of a third party’s rights. If we are required, or choose to enter into, royalty or licensing arrangements, such arrangements may not be available on reasonable terms or at all and may significantly increase our operating costs and expenses. As a result, we may also be required to develop or procure alternative non-infringing technology or discontinue use of technology, and doing so could require significant effort and expense or may not be feasible. In addition, insurance might not cover these claims, might not provide sufficient payments to cover all the costs to resolve one or more such claims, and might not continue to be available on terms acceptable to us. A claim brought against us that is uninsured or underinsured could result in unanticipated costs and could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Our employees, commercial partners and vendors may engage in misconduct or other improper activities, including noncompliance with regulatory standards and requirements.
We are exposed to the risk that our employees, commercial partners and vendors may engage in fraudulent or illegal activity. Misconduct by these parties could include intentional, reckless and/or negligent conduct or disclosure of unauthorized activities to us that violate: (i) the rules of the applicable regulatory bodies; (ii) data privacy laws or other similar non-United States laws; or (iii) laws that require the true, complete and accurate reporting of financial information or data. It is not always possible to identify and deter misconduct by our employees and other third parties, and the precautions we take to detect and prevent these activities may not be effective in controlling unknown or unmanaged risks or losses or in protecting us from governmental investigations or other actions or lawsuits stemming from a failure to be in compliance with such laws or regulations. In addition, we are subject to the risk that a person or government could allege such fraud or other misconduct, even if none occurred. If any such actions are instituted against us and we are not successful in defending ourselves or asserting our rights, those actions could result in the imposition of significant fines or other sanctions, including the imposition of civil, criminal and administrative penalties, additional integrity reporting and oversight obligations. Whether or not we are successful in defending against any such actions or investigations, we could incur substantial costs, including legal fees, and divert the attention of management in defending ourselves against any of these claims or investigations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We may need additional capital, and we cannot be sure that additional financing will be available.
In the future, we may raise additional capital through additional debt or equity financings to support our business growth, to respond to business opportunities, challenges, or unforeseen circumstances, or for other reasons. On an ongoing basis, we are evaluating sources of financing and may raise additional capital in the future. Our ability to obtain additional capital will depend on our development efforts, business plans, investor demand, operating performance, the condition of the capital markets, and other factors. We cannot assure you that additional financing will be available to us on favorable terms when required, or at all. If we raise additional funds through the issuance of equity or equity-linked securities, those securities may have rights, preferences, or privileges senior to the rights of existing stockholders,
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and existing stockholders may experience dilution. Debt financing, if available, may involve restrictive covenants relating to our capital raising activities and other financial and operational matters, which could reduce our operational flexibility or make it more difficult for us to obtain additional capital and to pursue business opportunities. In addition, subject to limited exceptions, our loan and security agreement with Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce ("CIBC”) restricts us from incurring indebtedness without the prior written consent of the lender. Further, if we are unable to obtain additional capital when required, or are unable to obtain additional capital on satisfactory terms, our ability to continue to support our business growth or to respond to business opportunities, challenges, or unforeseen circumstances would be adversely affected.
Our operating activities may be restricted as a result of covenants related to the indebtedness under our existing loan and security agreement and/or future indebtedness, and we may be required to repay the outstanding indebtedness in an event of default, which would have an adverse effect on our business.
Our loan and security agreement with CIBC, as amended and restated on February 21, 2024, consists of a $25.0 million revolving line of credit, which matures in September 2025. The loan and security agreement subjects us, and any future indebtedness would likely subject us, to various customary covenants, including requirements as to financial reporting, insurance and certain liquidity and leverage thresholds and restrictions on our ability to maintain cash deposits outside of CIBC above certain thresholds, dispose of our business or property, to change our line of business, to liquidate or dissolve, to enter into any change in control transaction, to merge or consolidate with any other entity or to acquire all or substantially all the capital stock or property of another entity, to incur additional indebtedness, to incur liens on our property, to pay any dividends or other distributions on capital stock other than dividends payable solely in capital stock, to redeem capital stock, to engage in transactions with affiliates, to encumber our intellectual property and certain other restrictions on our activities. Our business may be adversely affected by these restrictions on our ability to operate our business.
Additionally, our ability to meet our debt obligations and other expenses will depend on our future performance, which will be affected by financial, business, economic, regulatory and other factors, many of which we are unable to control. We may be required to repay the outstanding indebtedness under the loan facility if an event of default occurs under the loan and security agreement. Under the loan and security agreement and a credit agreement with CIBC that provides for a $8.3 million amortizing term mortgage, an event of default will occur if, among other things, we fail to make payments under such agreements; we breach certain of our covenants under such agreements, subject to specified cure periods with respect to certain breaches; we or our assets become subject to certain legal proceedings, such as bankruptcy proceedings; we are unable to pay our debts as they become due; or we default on contracts with third parties which would permit CIBC to accelerate the maturity of such indebtedness or that could have a material adverse change on us. We may not have enough available cash or be able to raise additional funds through equity or debt financings to repay such indebtedness at the time any such event of default occurs. CIBC could also exercise its rights as collateral agent to take possession of, and to dispose of, the collateral securing the loans, which collateral includes substantially all of our personal property (including intellectual property). Our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected as a result of any of these events. We may seek to enter into an extension of the loan and security agreement or enter into a new facility with another lender. We may not be able to extend the term or obtain other debt financing on terms that are favorable to us, if at all, and we could be subject to additional restrictions on our business operations. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on satisfactory terms when required, our ability to support our business growth and to respond to business challenges could be significantly impaired, and our business may be harmed.
As of December 31, 2023, we were not in compliance with all of our debt covenants then in effect pursuant to the 2021 Amended Term Loan (as defined below). Specifically, we were not in compliance with the minimum fixed charge coverage ratio covenant, the covenant related to the requirement to maintain all deposit, operating and collateral accounts with CIBC with certain exceptions during the period, the covenant related to investments in non loan subsidiaries where investments cannot exceed twenty percent of our free cash flow as defined in the 2021 Amended Term Loan for the twelve month period then
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ended with certain exceptions, the covenant related to maintaining cash and other assets where the aggregate value of all subsidiaries cannot be in excess of ten percent of consolidated assets or individually by subsidiary in excess of five percent of consolidated assets, and the covenant related to subsidiary revenue where the aggregate value of all subsidiary revenue cannot be in excess of ten percent of consolidated revenue or individually by subsidiary in excess of five percent of consolidated revenue. We obtained a waiver from CIBC for our non-compliance with these covenants.
On February 21, 2024 we amended and restated the 2021 Amended Term Loan to, among other things, revise the positive and negative covenants in a manner intended to better align with our operations. We expect to be in compliance with all debt covenants by the end of the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2024. However, if a waiver from CIBC is required in the future for potential non-compliance, CIBC may be unwilling to provide a waiver and could, as a result, call our outstanding debt obligations immediately which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition.
Interest rate fluctuations may affect our results of operations and financial condition.
Because a substantial portion of our debt is variable-rate debt, fluctuations in interest rates could have a material effect on our business. We incur higher interest costs if interest rates increase. We are currently experiencing a high interest rate environment, and there is no guarantee that there will not be any further increases in the future. Any such increase in interest costs could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and the levels of cash we maintain for working capital.
A failure to maintain an effective system of disclosure controls and internal control over financial reporting could adversely affect our ability to produce timely and accurate financial statements or comply with applicable regulations. Additionally, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, and the market price of our Class A common stock may be seriously harmed.
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the "Sarbanes-Oxley Act") requires, among other things, that we maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting. In order to develop, maintain and, if required, improve the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting, we have expended, and may continue to expend, significant resources, including accounting-related costs and investments to strengthen our accounting systems. If any of these new or improved controls and systems do not perform as expected, we may experience material weaknesses in our controls. For fiscal years 2019, 2020 and 2021, we identified a material weakness in our internal controls that we had insufficient technical skills to address accounting matters combined with insufficient accounting staff and internal control knowledge to design and implement processes and controls, including the review of the completeness and accuracy of reports used to record journal entries, necessary to ensure material misstatements did not occur. We took certain measures to remediate this material weakness, and it was remediated as of December 31, 2022. However, completion of remediation does not provide assurance that our remediated controls will continue to operate properly or that our financial statements will be free from error. Further, we can give no assurance that any additional material weaknesses or control deficiencies will not arise in the future.
If we are unable to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting or disclosure controls and procedures, our ability to record, process and report financial information accurately, and to prepare financial statements within required time periods, could be adversely affected, which could subject us to litigation or investigations requiring management resources and payment of legal and other expenses, negatively affect investor confidence in our financial statements and adversely impact our stock price. If we are unable to assert that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, or if our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to express an unqualified opinion as to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, the market price of our Class A common stock could be adversely affected. We could also become subject to litigation or investigations by the stock exchange on which our securities are listed, the SEC or other regulatory authorities, which could require additional financial and management resources.
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Additionally, our current controls and any new controls that we develop may become inadequate because of changes in conditions in our business, and weaknesses in our disclosure controls and internal control over financial reporting may be discovered in the future. Any failure to develop or maintain effective controls or any difficulties encountered in their implementation or improvement could harm our results of operations or cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations and may result in a restatement of our consolidated financial statements for prior periods. Such failure could also adversely affect the results of periodic management evaluations and annual independent registered public accounting firm attestation reports regarding the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting that we are required to include in our periodic reports that are filed with the SEC. Ineffective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting could also cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial and other information, which would likely have a negative effect on the trading price of our Class A common stock. In addition, if we are unable to continue to meet these requirements, we may not be able to remain listed on Nasdaq.
Pursuant to Sections 302 and 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, our independent registered public accounting firm has provided an attestation report regarding our internal control over financial reporting. We have incurred and expect to continue to incur significant expenses and devote substantial management effort toward ensuring compliance with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. As a result of the complexity involved in complying with the rules and regulations applicable to public companies, our management’s attention may be diverted from other business concerns, and we may need to expend additional significant resources, each of which could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
If our estimates or judgments relating to our critical accounting policies prove to be incorrect, our results of operations could be adversely affected.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, as provided in the section titled “Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations.” The results of these estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets, liabilities and equity, and the amount of revenue and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Significant assumptions and estimates used in preparing our consolidated financial statements include those related to the useful lives and recoverability of long-lived assets, the fair value of common stock prior to being a publicly traded company and stock-based compensation expense, as well as those used to allocate our employee and employee related expense, which consist of contractor costs, employee salary and wages, stock-based compensation and travel and other employee-related costs, to their appropriate financial statement line items due to our generalist model and organizational structure. Our results of operations may be adversely affected if our assumptions change or if actual circumstances differ from those in our assumptions, which could cause our results of operations to fall below the expectations of securities analysts and investors, resulting in a decline in the trading price of our Class A common stock.
Our business and financial performance may differ from any projections that we disclose or any information that may be attributed to us by third parties.
From time to time, we may provide guidance via public disclosures regarding our projected business or financial performance. However, any such projections involve risks, assumptions and uncertainties, and our actual results could differ materially from such projections. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those identified in these risk factors, some or all of which are not predictable or within our control. Other unknown or unpredictable factors also could adversely impact our performance, and we undertake no obligation to update or revise any projections, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise. In addition, various news sources, bloggers and other publishers often make statements regarding our historical or projected business or financial
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performance, and you should not rely on any such information even if it is attributed directly or indirectly to us. Moreover, we may choose not to provide guidance regarding our projected business or financial performance, which may have an adverse impact on our stock price.
Our international operations subject us to potentially adverse tax consequences.
We report our taxable income in various jurisdictions worldwide based upon our business operations in those jurisdictions. Our intercompany relationships are subject to complex transfer pricing regulations administered by taxing authorities in various jurisdictions. The relevant taxing authorities may disagree with our determinations as to the value of assets sold or acquired or income and expenses attributable to specific jurisdictions. If such a disagreement were to occur, and our position were not sustained, we could be required to pay additional taxes, interest and penalties, which could result in one-time tax charges, higher effective tax rates, reduced cash flows and lower overall profitability of our operations.
We could be required to collect additional sales, use, value-added and other indirect taxes, or be subject to other tax liabilities in various jurisdictions, which could adversely affect our results of operations.
The application of indirect taxes, such as sales and use, value-added tax, provincial, goods and services, business, digital services and gross receipts taxes, to businesses like ours is a complex and evolving issue. Significant judgment is required to evaluate applicable tax obligations and, as a result, amounts recorded are estimates and are subject to adjustments. In many cases, the ultimate tax determination is uncertain because it is not clear when and how new and existing statutes might apply to our business. If we are found to have not adequately addressed our tax obligations, our business could be adversely impacted.
The U.S. Supreme Court held in South Dakota v. Wayfair that a U.S. state may require an online retailer to collect sales taxes imposed by the state in which the buyer is located, even if the retailer has no physical presence in that state, thus permitting a wider enforcement of such sales tax collection requirements. If our calculation, collection and remittance of taxes in the jurisdictions in which we do business were determined to be deficient, our business and results of operations could be adversely impacted. A successful assertion by a taxing authority that we should collect additional sales, use or other taxes or remit such taxes directly to states could result in substantial tax liabilities for past sales and additional administrative expenses, which could seriously harm our business.
Changes in our effective tax rate or tax liability may adversely affect our operating results.
Our effective tax rate could increase due to several factors, including:
•changes in the relative amounts of income before taxes in the various jurisdictions in which we operate due to differing statutory tax rates in various jurisdictions;
•changes in tax laws, tax treaties and regulations or the interpretation of them;
•changes to our assessment about our ability to realize our deferred tax assets that are based on estimates of our future results, the prudence and feasibility of possible tax planning strategies and the economic and political environments in which we do business;
•the outcome of future tax audits, examinations, or administrative appeals; and
•limitations or adverse findings regarding our ability to do business in some jurisdictions.
Any of these developments could adversely affect our operating results.
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Risks Related to the Multiple Class Structure of Our Common Stock and the Voting Trust Agreement
The multiple class structure of our common stock and the ownership of all of our LT10 and LT50 common stock by Trust Beneficiaries through the Voting Trust have the effect of concentrating voting control with the Voting Trust for the foreseeable future, which will limit your ability to influence corporate matters, including a change in control. We are controlled by the Voting Trust, whose interests may differ from those of our public stockholders. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation also delegates significant authority to an Executive Committee.
Each share of our LT10 and LT50 common stock is entitled to 10 and 50 votes per share, respectively, and each share of our Class A common stock is entitled to one vote per share. All shares of LT10 and LT50 common stock are held directly by the Voting Trust established in connection with our initial public offering pursuant to a voting trust agreement (“Voting Trust Agreement”). As of December 31, 2023, the Voting Trust held 7,333,619 and 7,321,894 shares of LT10 and LT50 common stock, respectively, representing approximately 17.2% of the economic interest and 86.2% of the voting power of outstanding capital stock. All decisions with respect to the voting (but not the disposition) of shares held in the Voting Trust from time to time will be made by the trustees of the Voting Trust ("Trustees") in their sole and absolute discretion, and with no responsibility under the Voting Trust Agreement as stockholder, trustee or otherwise, except for his or her own individual malfeasance. The Voting Trust and its Trustees will, for the foreseeable future, have significant influence over our corporate management and affairs, and will be able to control virtually all matters requiring stockholder approval. The Voting Trust is able to, subject to applicable law, elect all of the members of our Board of Directors and control actions to be taken by us and our Board of Directors, including amendments to our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws, compensation matters and approval of significant corporate transactions, including mergers and sales of substantially all of our assets. The directors so elected will have the authority, subject to the terms of our indebtedness and applicable rules and regulations, to issue additional stock, implement stock repurchase programs, declare dividends and make other decisions. This concentrated control will limit your ability to influence corporate matters for the foreseeable future and may materially adversely affect the market price of our Class A common stock. It is possible that the interests of the Voting Trust may, in some circumstances, conflict with our interests and the interests of our other stockholders, including you. For example, the Voting Trust may have different tax positions or other differing incentives from other stockholders that could influence its decisions regarding whether and when to cause us to dispose of assets, incur new or refinance existing indebtedness, or take other actions. Additionally, the Voting Trust and the holders of our LT10 and LT50 common stock may cause us to make strategic decisions or pursue acquisitions that could involve risks to you or may not be aligned with your interests.
Additionally, for as long as the Voting Trust holds securities representing at least 50% of the voting power of our outstanding capital stock, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation delegates to the Executive Committee all of the power and authority of the Board of Directors in the management of our business and affairs, provided that the Executive Committee will not have power or authority in reference to (i) matters that must be approved by the Audit Committee of the board, (ii) matters that must be approved by a committee qualified to grant equity to persons subject to Section 16 of the Exchange Act for purposes of exempting transactions pursuant to Section 16b-3 thereunder, (iii) matters required under Delaware law to be approved by the full Board of Directors, or (iv) as otherwise required by SEC rules and the rules of Nasdaq. The members of the Executive Committee currently are, and their successors are generally expected to be, directors who are also our employees or service providers, and the Executive Committee currently consists of David Barrett, Ryan Schaffer, Anu Muralidharan, Jason Mills and Daniel Vidal.
The concentrated control is also likely to have the effect of limiting the likelihood of an unsolicited merger proposal, unsolicited tender offer, or proxy contest for the removal of directors. As a result, our governance structure and the Voting Trust may have the effect of depriving our stockholders of an
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opportunity to sell their shares at a premium over prevailing market prices and make it more difficult to replace our directors and management.
Delaware law could also require holders of our LT10 and LT50 common stock to vote separately as a single class in the event we seek to amend our amended and restated certificate of incorporation to increase or decrease the par value of a class of our common stock or in a manner that alters or changes the powers, preferences or special rights of LT10 or LT50 common stock in a manner that affects its holders adversely. Future transfers by holders of LT10 and LT50 common stock may result in those shares converting on a one-for-one basis to Class A common stock, which will have the effect, over time, of increasing the relative voting power of those holders of LT10 and LT50 common stock who retain their shares.
We are a “controlled company” within the meaning of Nasdaq listing standards and, as a result, will qualify for, and intend to rely on, exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements. You will not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of companies that are subject to such requirements.
The Voting Trust controls a majority of the voting power of our outstanding common stock. As a result, we qualify as a “controlled company” within the meaning of the corporate governance standards of Nasdaq. Under these rules, a listed company of which more than 50% of the voting power is held by an individual, group or another company is a “controlled company” and may elect not to comply with certain corporate governance requirements, including the requirement that a majority of the Board of Directors consist of independent directors, the requirement that we have a nominating and corporate governance committee that is composed entirely of independent directors, and the requirement that we have a compensation committee that is composed entirely of independent directors.
We intend to rely on some or all of these exceptions. As a result, we do not have a majority of independent directors, we do not have a nominating and corporate governance committee, and the members of our compensation committee are not independent directors. Accordingly, you do not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of companies that are subject to all of the corporate governance requirements of Nasdaq.
The multiple class structure of our common stock features certain provisions that are novel or uncommon among other corporations with multiple class structures.
A number of provisions relating to the multiple class structure of our common stock are novel or uncommon among other corporations with multiple class structures. For example, whenever a holder of LT10 or LT50 common stock desires to transfer or convert shares of his or her LT10 or LT50 common stock, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and the Voting Trust Agreement contain certain provisions that require, subject to certain exceptions, the trustees of the Voting Trust to attempt to find a holder of shares of Class A common stock to exchange such shares for such shares of LT10 or LT50 common stock, and such shares of LT10 or LT50 common stock will only convert into shares of Class A common stock if no such Class A stockholder is identified. As a result, shares of our LT10 and LT50 common stock may convert into shares of Class A common stock at a slower rate.
We cannot predict the impact our capital structure, governance structure, and the concentrated control by the Voting Trust may have on our stock price or business.
We cannot predict whether our multiple share class capital structure, combined with the concentrated control by the Voting Trust and other aspects of our governance structure, will result in a lower trading price or greater fluctuations in the trading price of our Class A common stock, or will result in adverse publicity or other adverse consequences. The holding of low-voting stock, such as our Class A common stock, may not be permitted by the investment policies of certain institutional investors or may be less attractive to the portfolio managers of certain institutional investors. For example, in July 2017, FTSE Russell, a provider of widely followed stock indexes, stated that it plans to require new constituents of its indexes to have at least five percent of their voting rights in the hands of public stockholders. In addition,
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in July 2017, S&P Dow Jones, another provider of widely followed stock indexes, stated that companies with multiple share classes will not be eligible for certain of their indexes. As a result, our Class A common stock will likely not be eligible for these stock indexes. We cannot assure you that other stock indexes will not take a similar approach to FTSE Russell or S&P Dow Jones in the future. Exclusion from indexes could make our Class A common stock less attractive to investors and, as a result, the market price of our Class A common stock could be adversely affected.
Risks Related to Ownership of Our Class A Common Stock
Our share price may be volatile.
The market price of our Class A common stock has been and may continue to be volatile and could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to the risk factors described in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and others beyond our control, including:
•actual or anticipated fluctuations in our results of operations;
•our actual or anticipated operating performance and the operating performance of our competitors;
•changes in the financial projections we provide to the public, our failure to meet these projections or our failure to provide such projections;
•failure of securities analysts to initiate or maintain coverage of us, changes in financial estimates by any securities analysts who follow our company, or our failure to meet the estimates or the expectations of investors;
•any major change in our Board of Directors, management, or key personnel;
•price and volume fluctuations in the overall stock market, including as a result of trends in the economy as a whole;
•the economy as a whole in the United States and internationally, and market conditions in our industry;
•rumors and market speculation involving us or other companies in our industry;
•announcements by us or our competitors of significant innovations, new products, services, features, integrations, or capabilities, acquisitions, strategic investments, partnerships, joint ventures, or capital commitments;
•the legal and regulatory landscape and changes in the application of existing laws or adoption of new laws that impact our business;
•legal and regulatory claims, litigation, or pre-litigation disputes and other proceedings;
•the economic, political, and social impact of, and uncertainty relating to, the outbreaks of pandemics, epidemics and other contagious diseases;
•changes in our capital structure;
•other events or factors, including those resulting from war, incidents of terrorism, or responses to these events; and
•sales or expected sales of our Class A common stock by us, our officers, directors, principal stockholders and employees.
Stock prices of many companies, including technology companies, have fluctuated in a manner often unrelated to the operating performance of those companies. In the past, stockholders have instituted securities class action litigation following periods of stock volatility. If we were to become involved in
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securities litigation, it could subject us to substantial costs, divert resources and the attention of management from our business, and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. See Part I, Item 3 "Legal Proceedings" for additional information regarding our legal proceedings.
Future sales of our Class A common stock in the public market could cause our share price to fall.
Sales of a substantial number of shares of our Class A common stock in the public market or the perception that these sales might occur in large quantities, could cause the market price of our Class A common stock to decline and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity securities. As of December 31, 2023, we had 70,569,815 shares of Class A common stock outstanding, 7,333,619 shares of LT10 common stock outstanding and 7,321,894 shares of LT50 common stock outstanding. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation imposes transfer restrictions on shares of our LT10 and LT50 common stock.
There were 5,821,461 shares of Class A common stock issuable upon the exercise of exercisable options outstanding as of December 31, 2023. We registered all of the shares of Class A common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding options, upon the settlement of restricted stock units ("RSUs") issued following our initial public offering ("IPO") or in connection with other equity incentives we may grant in the future, for public resale under the Securities Act. The shares of Class A common stock will become eligible for sale once issued, subject to compliance with applicable securities laws.
We may issue our shares of common stock or securities convertible into our common stock from time to time in connection with financings, acquisitions, investments, or otherwise. Any such issuance could result in substantial dilution to our existing stockholders and cause the trading price of our Class A common stock to decline.
Increases in interest rates may cause the market price of our Class A common stock to decline.
Increases in interest rates, like what has been experienced in 2022 and 2023, may cause a corresponding decline in demand for equity investments. Any such increase in interest rates or reduction in demand for our Class A common stock resulting from other relatively more attractive investment opportunities may cause the market price of our Class A common stock to decline.
We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.
We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our capital stock, and we do not intend to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Our current indebtedness, including our loan and security agreement with CIBC, contains, and our future indebtedness may contain, restrictions on our ability to pay cash dividends on our capital stock. Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be at the discretion of our Executive Committee, for as long as the Voting Trust controls a majority of the voting power of our outstanding common stock, and at the discretion of our Board of Directors thereafter. Accordingly, investors in our Class A common stock must rely on sales of their Class A common stock after price appreciation, which may never occur, as the only way to realize any future gains on their investments.
Future sales and issuances of our Class A common stock or rights to purchase our Class A common stock, including pursuant to our equity incentive plans, or other equity securities or securities convertible into our Class A common stock, could result in additional dilution of the percentage ownership of our stockholders and could cause the stock price of our Class A common stock to decline.
In the future, we may sell Class A common stock, convertible securities, or other equity securities, including preferred securities, in one or more transactions at prices and in a manner we determine from time to time. We also expect to issue Class A common stock to employees, consultants and directors pursuant to our equity incentive plans. If we sell Class A common stock, convertible securities, or other equity securities in subsequent transactions, or Class A common stock or LT10 or LT50 common stock is issued pursuant to equity incentive plans, investors may be materially diluted. New investors in
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subsequent transactions could gain rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of holders of our Class A common stock.
Anti-takeover provisions contained in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws, as well as provisions of Delaware law, could impair a takeover attempt and could also reduce the market price of our Class A common stock.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws, contain and Delaware law contains provisions which could have the effect of rendering more difficult, delaying or preventing an acquisition deemed undesirable by our Board of Directors. Our corporate governance documents include provisions:
•authorizing blank check preferred stock, which could be issued with voting, liquidation, dividend and other rights superior to our common stock;
•eliminating the ability of our stockholders to take action by consent in lieu of a meeting following the date on which the Voting Trust holds less than a majority of the voting power of our outstanding capital stock;
•requiring advance notice of stockholder proposals for business to be conducted at meetings of our stockholders and for nominations of candidates for election to our Board of Directors;
•providing to our Board of Directors the exclusive right to determine the size of the board, and providing that any vacancies or newly created seats on the board may only be filled by the Board of Directors, unless the board determines that such vacancies be filled by the stockholders;
•maintaining our current multi-class structure; and
•limiting the liability of, and providing indemnification to, our directors and officers.
These provisions, alone or together, could delay or prevent hostile takeovers and changes in control or changes in our management.
As a Delaware corporation, we are also subject to provisions of Delaware law, including Section 203 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “Delaware General Corporation Law”), which prevents some stockholders holding more than 15% of our outstanding common stock from engaging in certain business combinations without approval of the holders of substantially all of our outstanding common stock.
Any provision of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, amended and restated bylaws or Delaware law that has the effect of delaying or deterring a change in control could limit the opportunity for our stockholders to receive a premium for their shares of our common stock, and could also affect the price that some investors are willing to pay for our Class A common stock.
Claims for indemnification by our directors and officers may reduce our available funds to satisfy successful third-party claims against us and may reduce the amount of money available to us.
Our amended and restated bylaws provide that we will indemnify our directors and officers, in each case to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law.
In addition, as permitted by Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, our amended and restated bylaws and our indemnification agreements that we have entered or intend to enter into with our directors and officers provide that:
•we will indemnify our directors and officers for serving us in those capacities or for serving other business enterprises at our request, to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law. Delaware law provides that a corporation may indemnify such person if such person acted in good faith and in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the registrant
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and, with respect to any criminal proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe such person’s conduct was unlawful;
•we may, in our discretion, indemnify employees and agents in those circumstances where indemnification is permitted by applicable law;
•we are required to advance expenses, as incurred, to our directors and officers in connection with defending a proceeding, except that such directors or officers shall undertake to repay such advances if it is ultimately determined that such person is not entitled to indemnification;
•the rights conferred in our amended and restated bylaws are not exclusive, and we are authorized to enter into indemnification agreements with our directors, officers, employees and agents and to obtain insurance to indemnify such persons; and
•we may not retroactively amend our amended and restated bylaw provisions to reduce our indemnification obligations to directors, officers, employees and agents.
While we have procured directors’ and officers’ liability insurance policies, such insurance policies may not be available to us in the future at a reasonable rate, may not cover all potential claims for indemnification, and may not be adequate to indemnify us for all liability that may be imposed.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides for an exclusive forum in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware for certain disputes between us and our stockholders, and that the federal district courts of the United States of America will be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action under the Securities Act, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers, or employees.
Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (or, if such court does not have subject matter jurisdiction thereof, the federal district court of the State of Delaware) is the exclusive forum for any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, any action asserting a breach of fiduciary duty owed by any of our current or former directors, officers, other employees, agents or stockholders to us or our stockholders, any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the Delaware General Corporation Law, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or our amended and restated bylaws (as either may be amended or restated) or as to which the Delaware General Corporation Law confers jurisdiction on the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, or any action asserting a claim against us that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine of the State of Delaware; provided that the exclusive forum provision will not apply to suits brought to enforce any liability or duty created by the Exchange Act to the extent that the Exchange Act confers exclusive federal jurisdiction over such claims, subject to applicable law. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation will also provide that the federal district courts of the United States of America will be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action against us or any of our directors, officers, or employees arising under the Securities Act.
We believe these provisions may benefit us by providing increased consistency in the application of Delaware law and federal securities laws by chancellors and judges, as applicable, particularly experienced in resolving corporate disputes, efficient administration of cases on a more expedited schedule relative to other forums and protection against the burdens of multi-forum litigation. This choice of forum provision may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or any of our directors, officers, other employees or stockholders, which may discourage lawsuits with respect to such claims. If a court were to find the choice of forum provision that will be contained in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
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General Risk Factors
Pandemics, epidemics or other health crises may have a negative effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, and liquidity.
Our business could be materially and adversely affected by the risks, or the public perception of the risks, related to a pandemic, epidemic, or other health crises, like the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted our business and impacted our employees, partners, third-party service providers and customers. In particular, effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, such as economic instability, remote work and travel restrictions negatively affected demand for our platform as employees incurred fewer work- and travel-related expenses and submitted fewer expense reimbursement requests to their employers, and as SMBs downsized or went out of business. Many very small businesses (“VSBs”) and SMBs experienced substantial revenue and cash liquidity declines in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, and there were high observed rates of small business failures. The COVID-19 pandemic also negatively impacted the amount of expenses incurred by our paid members, our annual gross logo retention, our net seat retention, the launch of our Expensify Card and the roll-out of our co-working spaces.
The degree to which pandemics, epidemics and other public health crises will affect our business in the future will depend on developments that are highly uncertain and cannot currently be predicted. These developments include, but are not limited to, the duration, extent and severity of any such crisis; actions taken to contain any such crisis; the ultimate societal impact of any such crisis and any lasting changes in business and consumer behavior, including with respect to remote work, business travel and business expense spending and reimbursement; the duration and nature of related restrictions on economic activity and domestic and international trade; and the extent of the impact of these and other factors on our employees, partners, third-party service providers and customers. The effects of future pandemics, epidemics or other public health crises could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations, financial condition and growth prospects.
Our reported financial results may be adversely affected by changes in accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.
Generally accepted accounting principles in the United States are subject to interpretation by the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB"), the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, the SEC and various bodies formed to promulgate and interpret appropriate accounting principles. A change in these principles or interpretations could have a significant effect on our reported financial results, and could affect the reporting of transactions completed before the announcement of a change.
If securities or industry analysts do not continue to publish research or publish unfavorable research about our business, our stock price and trading volume could decline.
The trading market for our Class A common stock is influenced by the research and reports that industry or securities analysts publish about us or our business. If one or more of these analysts ceases coverage of our company or fails to publish reports on us regularly, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline. Moreover, if our operating results do not meet the expectations of the investor community, one or more of the analysts who cover our company may change their recommendations regarding our company, and our stock price could decline.
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Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
Item 1C. Cybersecurity
Cybersecurity Risk Management and Strategy
We have developed and implemented a cybersecurity risk management program intended to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of our critical systems and information.
We design and assess our program based on applicable laws and regulations, and informed by industry standards and industry-recognized practices. This does not imply that we meet any particular technical standards, specifications, or requirements, only that we use such laws and regulations and industry standards and practices as a guide to help us identify, assess, and manage cybersecurity risks relevant to our business.
Our cybersecurity risk management program is integrated into our overall enterprise risk management program, and shares common methodologies, reporting channels and governance processes that apply across the enterprise risk management program to other legal, compliance, strategic, operational, and financial risk areas.
Our cybersecurity risk management program includes:
•risk assessments designed to help identify material cybersecurity risks to our critical systems, information, products, services, and our broader enterprise IT environment;
•a security team principally responsible for managing (1) our cybersecurity risk assessment processes, (2) our security controls, and (3) our response to cybersecurity incidents;
•the use of external service providers, where appropriate, to assess, test or otherwise assist with aspects of our security controls;
•cybersecurity awareness training of our employees, incident response personnel, and senior management;
•a cybersecurity incident response plan that includes procedures for responding to cybersecurity incidents; and
•a third-party risk management process for service providers, suppliers, and vendors.
We have not identified risks from known cybersecurity threats, including as a result of any prior cybersecurity incidents, that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect us, including our operations, business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition. We face certain ongoing risks from cybersecurity threats that, if realized, are reasonably likely to materially affect us, including our operations, business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition. See Risk Factor If we or our third party providers fail to protect our IT Systems against security incidents, or otherwise to protect our Confidential Information, there may be damage to our reputation and brand, material financial penalties, and legal liability, which could substantially harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Cybersecurity Governance
Our Board considers cybersecurity risk as part of its risk oversight function, including oversight of cybersecurity and other information technology risks. The Board oversees management’s implementation of our cybersecurity risk management program.
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The Board receives periodic reports from management on our cybersecurity risks. In addition, management updates the Board, as necessary, regarding any material cybersecurity incidents, as well as any incidents with lesser impact potential.
Our management team, including our Chief Compliance Officer and Director of Engineering, is responsible for assessing and managing our material risks from cybersecurity threats. The team has primary responsibility for our overall cybersecurity risk management program and supervises both our internal cybersecurity personnel and external cybersecurity consultants. Our management team’s experience includes a combined two decades of experience in various software development, cybersecurity, product management, and other technology-related roles. Our Chief Compliance Officer and Director of Engineering have each served in a number of significant leadership roles at our company since 2017 and 2013, respectively, including oversight of security, safety, and integrity initiatives
Our management team supervises efforts to prevent, detect, mitigate, and remediate cybersecurity risks and incidents through various means, which may include threat intelligence and other information obtained from governmental, public or private sources, including external consultants engaged by us; and alerts and reports produced by security tools deployed in the IT environment.
Item 2. Properties
In the United States, our company has offices in Portland, Oregon, San Francisco, California, and Ironwood, Michigan. We own our office space in Portland, which consists of approximately 38,500 square feet. Our office space in San Francisco, consisting of approximately 10,500 square feet, is leased through May 31, 2034. Our office space in Ironwood, consisting of approximately 2,700 square feet, is leased through April 30, 2026. Our Company leases a lot adjacent to our Portland office space which is leased through April 30, 2030.
We also lease co-working spaces in Phoenix, Arizona, New York, New York and London, United Kingdom. We give all employees the ability to rent a co-working space if we do not provide one.
We intend to procure additional space or expand existing facilities in the future as we continue to add employees and expand geographically. We believe our facilities are adequate and suitable for our current needs and that, should it be needed, suitable additional or alternative space on commercially reasonable terms will be available to accommodate our operations.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
On November 29, 2023, a putative securities class action (the “Putative Class Action”) was filed in the United States District Court for the District of Oregon captioned Wilhite v. Expensify, Inc., et al., Case No. 3:23-cv-01784-JR, naming us, two of our executive officers and two of our former directors as defendants. The lawsuit is purportedly brought on behalf of all those who purchase or acquired our stock pursuant or traceable to our initial public offering (“IPO”). The complaint alleges claims under Sections 11 and 15 of the Securities Act of 1933 based on allegedly false or misleading statements in the offering documents filed in connection with our IPO. The lawsuit seeks unspecified damages and other relief. On January 29, 2024, three shareholders moved to be appointed lead plaintiff in the Putative Class Action. The court has not yet ruled on those motions. The defendants intend to deny the allegations of wrongdoing and vigorously defend against the claims in the Putative Class Action.
In addition to the matter described above, from time to time, we are involved in various legal proceedings arising from the normal course of business activities. We are not presently a party to any litigation the outcome of which, we believe, if determined adversely to us, would individually or taken together have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, cash flows or financial condition. We have received, and may in the future continue to receive, claims from third parties asserting, among other things, infringement of their intellectual property rights. Defending such proceedings is costly and can impose a significant burden on management and employees. We may receive unfavorable preliminary or
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interim rulings in the course of litigation, and there can be no assurances that favorable final outcomes will be obtained. The results of any current or future litigation cannot be predicted with certainty. Regardless of the outcome, any litigation can have an adverse impact on our company as a result of defense and settlement costs, the diversion of management resources, and other factors.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
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Part II
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
MARKET INFORMATION FOR CLASS A COMMON STOCK
Our Class A Common Stock has been listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol "EXFY" since November 10, 2021. Our LT10 and LT50 common stock are neither listed nor publicly traded.
HOLDERS OF OUR COMMON STOCK
As of February 21, 2024 there were 21 stockholders of record of our Class A common stock. This number does not include beneficial owners whose shares are held by nominees in street name.
As of February 21, 2024 the Expensify Voting Trust held all of the outstanding shares of our LT10 common stock and LT50 common stock.
DIVIDEND POLICY
We currently intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings to fund the development and growth of our business, and therefore we do not anticipate declaring or paying any cash dividends on any class of our common stock in the foreseeable future. Any future determination as to the declaration and payment of dividends, if any, will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors (or duly authorized committee thereof, including our Executive Committee), subject to compliance with contractual restrictions and covenants in the agreements governing our current and future indebtedness, including our loan and security agreement with CIBC. Any such determination will also depend upon our business prospects, results of operations, financial condition, cash requirements and availability, and other factors that our Executive Committee or our Board of Directors may deem relevant. The holders of our Class A, LT10 and LT50 common stock are entitled to receive dividends if, as and when declared from time to time by our Board of Directors out of legally available funds.
RECENT SALES OF UNREGISTERED SECURITIES
None.
ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
The following table sets forth information regarding our purchases of shares of Class A common stock during the three months ended December 31, 2023:
| Total number of shares purchased | Weighted-average price paid per share | Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced programs | Maximum number (or approximate dollar value) of shares that may yet be purchased under the program(1) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| October 1 - 31, 2023 | — | $ | — | — | $ | 41,000,003 | |||||||||||||||||
| November 1 - 30, 2023 | — | $ | — | — | $ | 41,000,003 | |||||||||||||||||
| December 1 - 31, 2023 | — | $ | — | — | $ | 41,000,003 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||
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(1)On May 12, 2022, we announced the approval of a share repurchase program with authorization to purchase up to $50.0 million of our Class A common stock at management’s discretion. The repurchase program does not have an expiration date, does not obligate us to repurchase any specific number of shares and may be modified, suspended or terminated at any time at our discretion.
PERFORMANCE GRAPH
This performance graph shall not be deemed “filed” with the SEC for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act or incorporated by reference into any filing of Expensify, Inc. under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act.
The graph below compares the cumulative total stockholder return on our Class A common stock with the cumulative total return on the Nasdaq Composite Index (“NASDAQ”), S&P 500 Index (“S&P 500”), and the S&P 500 Information Technology Index (“S&P 500 IT”). The graph assumes $100 was invested at the market close on November 10, 2021, which was the first day our Class A common stock began trading. Data for the Nasdaq, S&P 500 and S&P 500 IT indexes assumes reinvestment of dividends. The graph uses the closing market price on November 10, 2021 of $41.06 per share as the initial value of our Class A common stock. The comparisons in the graph below are based upon historical data and are not indicative of, nor intended to forecast, future performance of our Class A common stock.
Item 6. [Reserved.]
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Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This discussion contains forward-looking statements based upon current plans, expectations and beliefs involving risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” and in other parts of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations generally discusses 2023 and 2022 items and year-to-year comparisons between 2023 and 2022. A discussion of 2021 items and year-to-year comparisons between 2022 and 2021 can be found in "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on March 8, 2023.
OVERVIEW
Expensify is a cloud-based expense management software platform that helps the smallest to the largest businesses simplify the way they manage money. Every day, people from all walks of life in organizations around the world use Expensify to scan and reimburse receipts from flights, hotels, coffee shops, office supplies and ride shares. Since our founding in 2008, we have added over 15 million members to our community and processed and automated over 1.5 billion expense transactions on our platform as of December 31, 2023, freeing people to spend less time managing expenses and more time doing the things they love. For the year ended December 31, 2023, an average of 719,000 paid members across an average of 47,000 companies and over 200 countries and territories used Expensify to make money easy.
OUR BUSINESS MODEL
Our employee-centric product strategy, viral and bottom-up business model, word-of-mouth adoption and unique company culture come together to drive value for our members and a competitive advantage for us. We believe that if we remain hyper-focused on our end-user members, and build great products, our members will continue to drive adoption.
We primarily generate revenue from annual subscriptions to our cloud-based platform, driven by the number of paid members active on a monthly basis. Individuals or companies pay for subscriptions on behalf of themselves, their employees and contractors, who we collectively refer to as members. We define a customer as any member who pays for themselves and zero or more other members, grouped into one or more "expense policies." This might be an individual, an entire company, or a department of a larger company. The definition of customer inherently excludes sole proprietors on Track or Submit plans.
We monetize transactions from the Expensify Card by receiving a percentage of the interchange for all spend on the card. As we expand our platform, we intend to increase the number of integrations and to more actively promote the Expensify Card with complementary use cases beyond expense management to both new and existing customers to drive increased adoption.
Key Factors Affecting Our Performance
Our performance depends on many factors, including the following:
INVESTING IN PRODUCT-LED GROWTH
We are focused on growing the number of paid members on our platform. Relative to other software companies, we invest more in product development and less in sales. This investment in product allows us to develop easy-to-use but powerful features that encourage adoption of our platform. Our ability to grow our paid members depends on our viral, bottom-up adoption cycle that starts with an individual
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employee. After downloading our free app to submit expenses and realizing the benefits of Expensify, our enthusiastic members champion our platform internally, spread it via word-of-mouth or invites to other employees and often convince decision makers to adopt Expensify company-wide. In order to continue to grow, we believe we must continue prioritizing investments in our platform to delight our members and drive viral expansion.
CONVERTING FREE MEMBERS
Our success depends on converting users who try the free aspects of the Expensify platform into paid members. While our viral model means that employees or contractors often introduce Expensify into small and medium-sized businesses (“SMBs"), companies subscribe and pay for the majority of our paid members.
INVESTING TO MAINTAIN MARKET CONSENSUS
Our viral and word-of-mouth adoption model is effective in part because we have established ourselves as a recognized leader in expense management for SMBs. We deploy large scale brand advertising to promote our platform strength and create market consensus that Expensify is a category leader for expense management software. Additionally, in 2023 we hosted our third ExpensiCon, an invite-only, all-expenses paid industry conference, with the goal of increasing our market consensus among our Approved! Accounting partners and increasing adoption of our platform. We believe investing in market consensus enables us to focus on creating great viral features for our members rather than relying on low-margin, unscalable activities of traditional sales and marketing to drive customer acquisition.
RETAINING EXISTING CUSTOMERS
Expense management touches many functions across a company. To provide a seamless experience for our customers, we integrate with accounting, ERP and travel software used by SMBs and their employees every day. We also have frictionless integrations with many of the technology providers that generate the most receipts for our members, such as Uber and Lyft. Expensify delivers an expense management platform that we believe customers like, and that embeds us within organizations. Because of these two factors, we have historically enjoyed high customer retention rates that often outperform enterprise retention rates. We believe an additional factor that drives our retention rates is that SMBs generally re-evaluate their technology solutions less frequently, and as such, there is rarely a conscious choice around whether to choose to continue using Expensify for another year.
Gross logo retention and net seat retention are important indicators of customer satisfaction and usage of our platform. We calculate our gross logo retention rate as of the end of a period by using (a) the number of distinct companies who have ever had five or more paid members paying for a subscription during the period ending one year prior as the denominator and (b) the number of those same companies that are still paying for at least one subscription during the more recent period as the numerator. In 2023 and 2022, our annual gross logo retention was 74% and 83%, respectively. We calculate our net seat retention rate as of the end of a period by using (a) the number of paid member seats from companies who have ever had five or more paid members paying for a subscription during the period ending one year prior as the denominator and (b) the number of paid member seats at those same companies during the more recent period as the numerator. In 2023 and 2022, our net seat retention was 99% and 108%, respectively. Our growth will depend on our ability to retain existing customers.
INTRODUCING FEATURES TO EXPAND OUR RELATIONSHIP WITH EXISTING CUSTOMERS
We fully launched the Expensify Card in 2020 and, despite pullback in corporate expenses with the COVID-19 pandemic, customers began adopting the card. Going forward, we intend to more actively promote the Expensify Card to both new and existing customers to drive increased adoption. Outside of the Expensify Card, we have invested, and will continue to invest, in developing features complementary and adjacent to expense management. At most companies, not every employee generates expenses that would be submitted via an expense report on a monthly basis. As we add additional features that are used
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by all employers, we have the potential to monetize the segment of our customers’ employees that are not submitting expense reports.
MACROECONOMIC TRENDS
Our business and the operations of our customers, the majority of which are SMBs, were disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting economic downturn, which yielded inflationary pressures, rising interest rates, foreign currency fluctuations, supply chain issues and a softening in capital markets. See the section titled "Risk Factors" in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further discussion of the possible impact of such macroeconomic trends on our business. Additionally, other potential challenging macroeconomic conditions, and the resulting impact on business continuity and travel, could negatively impact our business.
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Components of Results of Operations
Revenue
We generate revenue from subscription fees based on the usage of our cloud-based expense management software platform under arrangements paid monthly in arrears that are either (i) month-to-month and can be terminated by either party without penalty at any time or (ii) annual arrangements based on a minimum number of monthly members. Annual subscription customers who wish to terminate their contracts before the end of the term are required to pay the remaining obligation in full plus any fees or penalties set forth in the agreement. We charge our customers subscription fees for access to our platform based on the number of monthly active members and level of service. The contractual price is based on either negotiated fees or rates published on our website. We generate most of our revenue from customers who have a credit card or debit card on file with us that is automatically charged each month. Virtually all of our customers have a standard terms of service contract, with the few exceptions for customers on bespoke service contracts.
Our contracts with our customers include two performance obligations: access to the hosted software service, inclusive of all features available within the platform, and the related customer support. We account for the platform access and the support as a combined performance obligation because they have the same pattern of transfer over the same period and are therefore delivered concurrently. We satisfy our performance obligation over time each month as we provide platform access and support services to customers and as such recognize revenue over time. We recognize revenue net of applicable taxes imposed on the related transaction.
We offer a cashback rewards program to all customers based on volume of Expensify Card transactions and software as a service ("SaaS") subscription tier. Cashback rewards are earned on a monthly basis and are applied against outstanding customer receivables or are paid out the following month. We consider our cashback rewards as consideration payable to a customer, and it is recorded as contra revenue within Revenue on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Cashback rewards applied against outstanding customer receivables are reflected as a reduction to Accounts receivable, net on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Cashback rewards liability is recorded within Accrued expenses and other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The cashback rewards fluctuate over time as customers meet eligibility requirements in conjunction with the applicable SaaS subscription tier of each customer and the timing of payments made to customers.
Cost of Revenue, Net
Cost of revenue, net primarily consists of expenses related to hosting our service, including the costs of data center capacity, credit card processing fees, third-party software license fees, outsourcing costs to support customer service and outsourcing costs to support our patented scanning technology SmartScan, net of consideration from a vendor. Additional costs include amortization of finance right-of-use assets, amortization expense on capitalized software development costs and personnel-related expenses, including stock-based compensation and employee costs attributable to supporting our customers and maintenance of our platform.
Consideration from a vendor is related to the Expensify Card. We use a third-party vendor to issue Expensify Cards and process the related transactions. The vendor is contractually entitled to the interchange through its relationships with the card network and card issuing bank. The vendor keeps a portion of the interchange for their services, and our agreement with the vendor results in us receiving the remainder of the interchange (our remainder portion, "Expensify interchange amount"). The vendor also charges us fees ("vendor fees") for the services it provides to us. Due to the nature of the vendor agreement, we do not record the Expensify interchange amount as revenue. Instead, the net of the Expensify interchange amount and vendor fees are paid to us, which we record as "Consideration from a
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vendor, net," a contra expense in Cost of revenue, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The following summarizes these various amounts for each of the periods presented:
| Year ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||
| Expensify interchange amount | $ | 11,144 | $ | 6,832 | |||||||
| Vendor fees | (1,009) | (616) | |||||||||
| Consideration from a vendor, net | $ | 10,135 | $ | 6,216 | |||||||
OPERATING EXPENSES
Research and Development
Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel-related expenses, including stock-based compensation, and external contributor costs incurred related to the planning and preliminary project stage and post-implementation stage of new products or enhancing existing products or services. We capitalize certain software development costs that are attributable to developing or adding significant functionality to our internal-use software during the application development stage of the projects. All research and development expenses, excluding capitalized software development costs, are expensed as incurred.
We believe delivering new functionality is critical to attract new customers and expand our relationships with existing customers. We expect to continue to make investments in and expand our product and service offerings to enhance our customers’ experience and satisfaction and to attract new customers. We expect research and development expenses will increase as we expand our research and development team to develop new products and product enhancements.
General and Administrative
General and administrative expenses primarily consist of personnel-related expenses, including stock-based compensation, for any employee time allocated to administrative functions, including finance and accounting, legal and compliance, and human resources. In addition to personnel-related expenses, general and administrative expenses consist of rent, utilities, depreciation on property and equipment, amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets, information technology and external professional services, including finance and accounting, audit, tax, legal and compliance, and human resources. We expect that general and administrative expenses will remain consistent as it relates to costs associated with being a publicly traded company, including legal, audit, business insurance and consulting fees.
Sales and Marketing
Sales and marketing expenses primarily consist of personnel-related expenses, including stock-based compensation, advertising expenses, depreciation on property and equipment, outsourcing costs for sales and product demos, branding and public relations expenses, referral fees for strategic partners and other benefits that we provide to our referral and affiliate partners. We expect sales and marketing expenses will decrease as we reduce our outsourced activities as it relates to sales and product demos.
Interest and Other Expenses, Net
Interest and other expenses, net, consist primarily of interest paid under our credit facilities with Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce ("CIBC"). It also includes the results of operations of our Fifth & Harvey, LLC subsidiary, which holds title to and manages operations of the operating lease for lots in Portland, Oregon that are currently used to host multiple portable food vendors open to the general public, realized gains
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and losses on foreign currency transactions and foreign currency remeasurement. We expect interest and other expenses, net will decrease as we reduce our interest expense by paying down outstanding debt.
(Provision for) Benefit from Income Taxes
Income taxes primarily consist of income taxes in the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Netherlands and Canada, as well as states in the United States in which we do business.
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Results of Operations
The results of operations presented below should be reviewed in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The following table sets forth our results of operations for the periods presented:
| Year ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| (in thousands, except per share data) | |||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | 150,687 | $ | 169,495 | |||||||
| Cost of revenue, net(1) | 66,888 | 62,669 | |||||||||
| Gross margin | 83,799 | 106,826 | |||||||||
| Operating expenses: | |||||||||||
| Research and development(1) | 23,368 | 13,692 | |||||||||
| General and administrative(1) | 49,228 | 58,490 | |||||||||
| Sales and marketing(1) | 44,352 | 49,876 | |||||||||
| Total operating expenses | 116,948 | 122,058 | |||||||||
| Loss from operations | (33,149) | (15,232) | |||||||||
| Interest and other expenses, net | (5,327) | (5,411) | |||||||||
| Loss before income taxes | (38,476) | (20,643) | |||||||||
| (Provision for) benefit from income taxes | (2,980) | (6,366) | |||||||||
| Net loss | $ | (41,456) | $ | (27,009) | |||||||
| Net loss per share: | |||||||||||
| Basic and diluted | $ | (0.50) | $ | (0.33) | |||||||
| Weighted average shares of common stock used to compute net loss per share: | |||||||||||
| Basic and diluted | 82,493,226 | 80,786,725 | |||||||||
| Net loss margin | (28) | % | (16) | % | |||||||
(1)Includes stock-based compensation expense as follows:
| Year ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||
| Cost of revenue, net | $ | 13,868 | $ | 18,403 | |||||||
| Research and development | 10,870 | 7,875 | |||||||||
| General and administrative | 9,842 | 17,850 | |||||||||
| Sales and marketing | 6,632 | 8,204 | |||||||||
| Total stock-based compensation expense | $ | 41,212 | $ | 52,332 | |||||||
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COMPARISON OF THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023 AND 2022
Revenue
| Year ended December 31, | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | Amount | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except percentages) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | 150,687 | $ | 169,495 | $ | (18,808) | (11) | % | |||||||||||||||
Revenue decreased $18.8 million, or 11%, for the year ended December, 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022, primarily due to (i) a decrease in billable activity across our user base, including a decrease in pay-per-use billable activity which has a higher average fee per member than our annual members, and (ii) an increase in contra revenue related to cashback payments driven by the increased adoption and spend captured from members using the Expensify Card.
Cost of Revenue, Net and Gross Margin
| Year ended December 31, | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | Amount | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except percentages) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenue, net | $ | 66,888 | $ | 62,669 | $ | 4,219 | 7 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Gross margin | $ | 83,799 | $ | 106,826 | $ | (23,027) | (22) | % | |||||||||||||||
| Gross margin % | 56 | % | 63 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Cost of revenue, net increased by $4.2 million, or 7%, for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022. Cost of revenue, net increased primarily due to increased outsourcing activities related to maintaining our platform. These increases were partially offset by an increase in Consideration from a vendor, net, driven primarily by the increased adoption and spend captured from members using the Expensify Card, which reduced Cost of revenue, net by $10.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to $6.2 million for the year ended December, 31 2022.
Gross margin decreased to 56% in 2023 compared to 63% in the same period in 2022 due to the factors described in the preceding paragraphs for Revenue and Cost of revenue, net.
Research and Development
| Year ended December 31, | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | Amount | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except percentages) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | $ | 23,368 | $ | 13,692 | $ | 9,676 | 71 | % | |||||||||||||||
Research and development expenses increased by $9.7 million, or 71%, for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022, primarily due to an increase in employee and external contributor time spent on project initiatives and new product features.
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General and Administrative
| Year ended December 31, | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | Amount | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except percentages) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | $ | 49,228 | $ | 58,490 | $ | (9,262) | (16) | % | |||||||||||||||
General and administrative expenses decreased $9.3 million, or 16%, for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022, primarily related to a decrease in employee time allocated to administrative functions resulting from one-time planning and implementation activities incurred in 2022 for first year compliance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and other new public company requirements.
Sales and Marketing
| Year ended December 31, | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | Amount | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except percentages) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing | $ | 44,352 | $ | 49,876 | $ | (5,524) | (11) | % | |||||||||||||||
Sales and marketing expenses decreased $5.5 million, or 11%, for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022, primarily due to a decrease in advertising spend partially offset by (i) an increase in outsourcing activities related to sales and product demos, and (ii) increased marketing event spend to gain further brand awareness.
Interest and Other Expenses, Net
| Year ended December 31, | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | Amount | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except percentages) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest and other expenses, net | $ | (5,327) | $ | (5,411) | $ | 84 | (2) | % | |||||||||||||||
Interest and other expenses, net decreased by $0.1 million, or 2%, for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022 primarily due to a reduction in foreign currency losses partially offset by an increase in interest expense incurred under the 2021 Amended Term Loan (as defined below) due to increases in CIBC's reference rate.
Provision for Income Taxes
| Year ended December 31, | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | Amount | % | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except percentages) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Provision for income taxes | $ | (2,980) | $ | (6,366) | $ | 3,386 | (53) | % | |||||||||||||||
We recorded a provision for income taxes of $3.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to a $6.4 million provision for income taxes for the year ended December 31, 2022. We follow the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes, whereby we recognize deferred income taxes for the tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax
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basis of the assets and liabilities. Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, we recorded an incremental valuation allowance of $3.7 million and $2.8 million, respectively. The provision for income taxes reflects taxable income earned and taxed in U.S. federal and state, and non-U.S. jurisdictions.
Our effective income tax rate was (7.7)% and (30.8)%, for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The effective income tax rate differs from the statutory rate in 2023 primarily due to nondeductible stock-based compensation, the change in the valuation allowance, and the compensation limitations imposed by Internal Revenue Code ("IRC") Section 162(m). The effective income tax rate differs from the statutory rate in 2022 primarily due to nondeductible stock-based compensation, the compensation limitations imposed by IRC Section 162(m), and the change in the valuation allowance.
Key Business Metrics and Non-GAAP Financial Measures
We supplement the reporting of our financial information determined under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") with certain business metrics and non-GAAP financial measures which we regularly review to evaluate our business, measure our performance, identify trends affecting our business, formulate business plans and make strategic decisions. Accordingly, we believe that these key business metrics and non-GAAP financial measures provide useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our results of operations in the same manner as our management team. These key business metrics and non-GAAP financial measures are presented for supplemental informational purposes only, should not be considered a substitute for our financial information presented in accordance with GAAP and may be different from similarly titled metrics or measures presented by other companies.
KEY BUSINESS METRICS
Paid Members
We believe that our ability to increase the number of paid members on our platform will drive our success as a business. Our customers pay for subscriptions on behalf of employees and contractors who use the platform, whom we refer to as paid members. We define paid members as the average number of users (employees, contractors, volunteers, team members, etc.) who are billed on Collect or Control plans during any particular quarter. For SMBs or sole proprietors with only one employee, the business owner may also be the only paid member.
The following table sets forth the average number of paid members for the quarters ended March 31, 2022 through December 31, 2023 (in thousands):
| Quarter ended | Paid members | |||||||
| March 31, 2022 | 706 | |||||||
| June 30, 2022 | 754 | |||||||
| September 30, 2022 | 761 | |||||||
| December 31, 2022 | 779 | |||||||
| March 31, 2023 | 747 | |||||||
| June 30, 2023 | 742 | |||||||
| September 30, 2023 | 719 | |||||||
| December 31, 2023 | 719 | |||||||
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NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
Limitations of Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Non-GAAP financial measures have limitations as analytical tools and should not be considered in isolation or as substitutes for financial information presented under GAAP. There are a number of limitations related to the use of non-GAAP financial measures versus comparable financial measures determined under GAAP. For example, other companies in our industry may calculate these non-GAAP financial measures differently or may use other measures to evaluate their performance. All of these limitations could reduce the usefulness of these non-GAAP financial measures as analytical tools. Investors are encouraged to review the related GAAP financial measures and the reconciliations of these non-GAAP financial measures to their most directly comparable GAAP financial measures and to not rely on any single financial measure to evaluate our business.
Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin
We define adjusted EBITDA as net loss from operations excluding provision for income taxes, interest and other expenses, net, depreciation and amortization and stock-based compensation. We define adjusted EBITDA margin as adjusted EBITDA divided by total revenue for the same period. We are focused on profitable growth and we consider adjusted EBITDA to be an important measure because it helps illustrate underlying trends in our business that could otherwise be masked by the effect of the income or expenses that are not indicative of the core operating performance of our business.
| Year ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| (in thousands, except percentages) | |||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 13,174 | $ | 42,488 | |||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA margin | 9 | % | 25 | % | |||||||
Non-GAAP Net Income and Non-GAAP Net Income Margin
We define non-GAAP net income as net loss from operations in accordance with GAAP excluding stock-based compensation. We define non-GAAP net income margin as non-GAAP net income divided by total revenue for the same period. We are focused on profitable growth and we consider non-GAAP net income to be an important measure because it helps illustrate underlying trends in our business that could otherwise be masked by the effect of stock-based compensation. This expense is not considered indicative of the core operating performance of our business.
| Year ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| (in thousands, except percentages) | |||||||||||
Non-GAAP net (loss) income | $ | (244) | $ | 25,323 | |||||||
Non-GAAP net (loss) income margin | — | % | 15 | % | |||||||
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Reconciliations of Non-GAAP Financial Measures
The following tables reconcile the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure to each of these non-GAAP financial measures.
Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin
| Year ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| (in thousands, except percentages) | |||||||||||
| Net loss | $ | (41,456) | $ | (27,009) | |||||||
| Net loss margin | (28) | % | (16) | % | |||||||
| Add: | |||||||||||
Provision for income taxes | 2,980 | 6,366 | |||||||||
| Interest and other expenses, net | 5,327 | 5,411 | |||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 5,111 | 5,388 | |||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | 41,212 | 52,332 | |||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 13,174 | $ | 42,488 | |||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA margin | 9 | % | 25 | % | |||||||
Non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP net income margin
| Year ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| (in thousands, except percentages) | |||||||||||
| Net loss | $ | (41,456) | $ | (27,009) | |||||||
| Net loss margin | (28) | % | (16) | % | |||||||
| Add: | |||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | 41,212 | 52,332 | |||||||||
Non-GAAP net (loss) income | $ | (244) | $ | 25,323 | |||||||
Non-GAAP net (loss) income margin | — | % | 15 | % | |||||||
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Since our inception, we have financed our operations primarily through our cash flow from operations, sales of our equity securities and borrowings under our credit facilities. In November 2021, upon completion of our IPO, we received aggregate net proceeds of approximately $57.5 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions of approximately $4.9 million and offering costs of approximately $8.0 million. As of December 31, 2023, we had $47.5 million in cash and cash equivalents. As of December 31, 2023, we had $22.7 million in outstanding indebtedness.
Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including revenue growth and costs incurred to support growth in our business and our need to respond to business opportunities, challenges or
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unforeseen circumstances. We believe that our existing cash resources will be sufficient to finance our continued operations and growth strategy for the next 12 months and the foreseeable future.
CASH FLOWS
The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods indicated:
| Year ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 1,559 | $ | 32,876 | |||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | (7,294) | (2,199) | |||||||||
| Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities | (45,317) | (8,282) | |||||||||
| Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | (51,052) | $ | 22,395 | |||||||
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net cash provided by operating activities was $1.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 as compared to $32.9 million for the same period in 2022. The decrease is primarily due to a reduction in funds held for customers due to the timing of expense reimbursement activity, a decrease in revenue, increased outsourcing activities related to maintaining our platform along with design work for new project initiatives, partially offset by a decrease in insurance, advertising and professional service costs incurred for accounting, auditing and legal service as a result of cost saving measures.
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
During the year ended December 31, 2023, net cash used in investing activities was $7.3 million, primarily consisting of software development costs and the purchase of property and equipment.
Net cash used in investing activities increased for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022, primarily due to an increase in employee and external contributor software development costs.
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
During the year ended December 31, 2023, net cash used in financing activities was $45.3 million, primarily consisting of principal payments on the 2021 Amended Term Loan, the repurchase and retirement of common stock, and payment for employees taxes withheld from stock-based awards, which was partially offset by proceeds from common stock purchased under the Company's 2021 Stock Purchase and Matching Plan ("Matching Plan").
Net cash used in financing activities increased for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022, primarily due to an increase principal payments on the 2021 Amended Term Loan as the outstanding balance on the term loan was repaid in full on October 12, 2023, partially offset by a decrease in the repurchase and retirement of common stock.
Share Repurchase Program
On May 10, 2022, the Executive Committee approved a share repurchase program with authorization to purchase up to $50.0 million of shares of Class A common stock ("2022 Share Repurchase Program"). The Company may repurchase shares from time to time through open market purchases, in privately negotiated transactions or by other means, including the use of trading plans intended to qualify under Rule 10b5-1 of the Exchange Act, in accordance with applicable securities laws and other restrictions. The actual timing, manner, price and total amount of future repurchases will depend on a variety of factors,
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including business, economic and market conditions, corporate and regulatory requirements, prevailing stock prices, restrictions under the terms of loan agreements and other considerations. The 2022 Share Repurchase Program does not obligate the Company to acquire any particular amount of Class A common stock, and the program may be suspended or terminated at any time by the Company at any time at its discretion without prior notice.
CREDIT FACILITIES
Amortizing Term Mortgage
In August 2019, we entered into an $8.3 million amortizing term mortgage agreement with CIBC for our commercial building in Portland, Oregon. The agreement requires interest and principal payments to be made each month over a five-year period. Interest accrues at a fixed rate of 5.00% per year until August 2024, at which point the remaining outstanding principal balance on the amortizing term mortgage is due in full. The borrowings are secured by the building. The outstanding balance of the amortizing term mortgage was $7.7 million as of December 31, 2023.
Loan and Security Agreement
In September 2021, we amended and restated our loan and security agreement with CIBC (the "2021 Amended Term Loan") to refinance the existing non-amortizing and amortizing term loans, establish a single term loan of up to $75.0 million, consisting of a $45.0 million initial term loan effective immediately with an option to enter into an additional $30.0 million delayed term loan, and increase the monthly revolving line of credit to $25.0 million. The option for the delayed term loan expired in March 2023. The term loan and revolving line of credit mature in September 2026 and September 2024, respectively. Approximately $23.5 million of the loan proceeds were used to immediately repay the remaining balances under the amortizing and non-amortizing term loans at the time of the amendment, as well as commitment fees and other debt issuance costs associated with the amendment. The remaining proceeds from the initial term loan were utilized to fund our normal business operations. The outstanding balance of $36.0 million and $0.1 million of accrued interest on the term loan were repaid in full on October 12, 2023.
Under the 2021 Amended Term Loan, the initial term loan of $45.0 million was payable over a 60-month period with principal and accrued interest payments due each quarter thereafter, which commenced with the first payment due on September 30, 2021. Quarterly principal payments were fixed and escalate throughout the term. The amounts borrowed beared interest at the bank’s reference rate plus 2.25% and were to continue on a quarterly basis through the maturity of the term loan. The line of credit agreement, as amended with the 2021 Amended Term Loan, provides borrowings up to $25.0 million. Borrowings under the line of credit bear interest at CIBC’s reference rate plus 1.00%. The borrowings are secured by substantially all of the Company’s assets. The outstanding balances of the 2021 Amended Term Loan and revolving line of credit were $0.0 million and $15.0 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2023.
On February 21, 2024 we further amended and restated our loan and security agreement with CIBC (the “2024 Amended Term Loan”) to, among other things, extend the maturity of the revolving line of credit by one year, to September 2025, and revise the positive and negative covenants in a manner intended to better align with our operations. The 2024 Amended Term Loan consists solely of the $25.0 million revolving line of credit and does not contain a term loan component.
See Note 7 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information.
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Certain Covenants
As of December 31, 2023, we were subject to customary covenants under the 2021 Amended Term Loan, which unless waived by CIBC, restrict our and our subsidiaries' ability to, among other things incur additional indebtedness, create or incur liens, permit a change of control, merge or consolidate with other companies, sell or transfer assets, pay dividends or make distributions, make acquisitions, investments or loans, or payments and prepayments of subordinated indebtedness, subject to certain exceptions. We must also maintain certain financial covenants: a total EBITDA net leverage ratio, as defined in the loan and security agreement, tested each quarter, of not less than 5.00 to 1.00 from the quarters ending September 30, 2022 through and including June 30, 2023, not less than 4.00 to 1.00 from the quarters ending September 30, 2023 through and including June 30, 2024, and not less than 3.00 to 1.00 from the quarters ending September 30, 2024 and each quarter thereafter, and a fixed charge coverage ratio of not less than 1.10 to 1.00, tested on the last day of each calendar quarter.
As of February 21, 2024, pursuant to the 2024 Amended Term Loan we are subject to customary covenants similar to those under the 2021 Term Loan but with revised exceptions which, unless waived by CIBC, restrict our and our subsidiaries ability to take certain actions. Pursuant to the 2024 Amended Term Loan, we must also maintain certain financial covenants: a total liquidity ratio, as defined in the loan and security agreement, tested each quarter, of not less than 1.10 to 1.00 from the quarter ending March 31, 2024 through and including June 29, 2024, not less than 1.20 to 1.00 from the quarter ending June 30, 2024 and each quarter thereafter, a total EBITDA net leverage ratio, as defined in the loan and security agreement, tested each quarter, of not less than 2.50 to 1.00 from the quarters ending March 31, 2025 and each quarter thereafter.
If we fail to perform our obligations under these and other covenants, CIBC’s credit commitments could be terminated and any outstanding borrowings, together with accrued interest, under the credit or loan agreements could be declared immediately due and payable.
As of December 31, 2023, we were not in compliance with all debt covenants, then in effect pursuant to the 2021 Amended Term Loan, specifically the minimum fixed charge coverage ratio covenant, the covenant related to the requirement to maintain all deposit, operating and collateral accounts with CIBC with certain exceptions during the period, the covenant related to investments in non loan subsidiaries where investments cannot exceed twenty percent of our free cash flow as defined in the 2021 Amended Term Loan for the twelve month period then ended with certain exceptions, the covenant related to maintaining cash and other assets where the aggregate value of all subsidiaries cannot be in excess of ten percent of consolidated assets or individually by subsidiary in excess of five percent of consolidated assets, and the covenant related to subsidiary revenue where the aggregate value of all subsidiary revenue cannot be in excess of ten percent of consolidated revenue or individually by subsidiary in excess of five percent of consolidated revenue. We obtained a waiver from CIBC for our non-compliance with these covenants. We do not believe non-compliance with these covenants had any material impact on us or our operations. We expect to be in compliance with all debt covenants pursuant to the 2024 Amended Term Loan by the end of the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2024.
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Contractual Obligations and Commitments
The following table summarizes our contractual obligations and commitments as of December 31, 2023:
| Payments due by period | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less than 1 year | 1-3 years | More than 3 years | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Principal payments on debt | $ | 22,671 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 22,671 | |||||||||||||||
| Interest payments on debt | $ | 1,677 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 1,677 | |||||||||||||||
| Finance lease commitments | $ | 153 | $ | 255 | $ | — | $ | 408 | |||||||||||||||
| Operating lease commitments | $ | 838 | $ | 3,130 | $ | 5,562 | $ | 9,530 | |||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 25,339 | $ | 3,385 | $ | 5,562 | $ | 34,286 | |||||||||||||||
Indemnification Agreements
In the ordinary course of business, we enter into agreements of varying scope and terms whereby we agree to indemnify customers, issuing banks, card networks, vendors and other parties with respect to certain matters, including, but not limited to, losses arising out of the breach of such agreements, services to be provided by us or from intellectual property infringement claims made by third parties. In addition, we have entered into indemnification agreements with our directors and certain officers and employees that will require us, among other things, to indemnify them against certain liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors, officers or employees. No demands have been made upon us to provide indemnification under such agreements and there are no claims that we are aware of that could have a material effect on our Consolidated Balance Sheets, Consolidated Statements of Operations, Consolidated Statements of Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity (Deficit), or Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
During the periods presented, we did not have, and we do not currently have, any off-balance sheet financing arrangements or any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, including entities sometimes referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities, that were established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere herein have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of our financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect our reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. For our accounting policies, see Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements contained elsewhere herein for a description of our significant accounting policies.
EMPLOYEE AND EMPLOYEE-RELATED EXPENSES
Allocating our employee and employee-related expenses, which consist of contractor costs, employee salary and wages, stock-based compensation and travel and other employee-related costs, to their appropriate financial statement line items on the Consolidated Statements of Operations, requires us to
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make estimates and judgments as a result of our generalist model and organizational structure. We base our estimates for allocating employee and employee related expenses on our internal productivity and team management tools. Management reviews the estimates each reporting period to evaluate the amounts allocated to Cost of revenue, net, Research and development, General and administrative, and Sales and marketing on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
REVENUE RECOGNITION
We generate revenue from subscription fees paid by our customers to access and use our hosted software services, as well as standard customer support.
Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services.
Our contracts are either month-to-month arrangements billed monthly in arrears based on a specified number of members or annual arrangements billed monthly in arrears based on a minimum number of monthly members. Month-to-month contracts can be terminated by either party at any time without penalty. Annual subscription customers who wish to terminate their contracts before the end of the term are required to pay the remaining obligation in full plus any fees or penalties set forth in the agreement.
We charge customers subscription fees for access to our platform based on the number of monthly members and level of service. The contractual price per member is based on either negotiated fees or rates published on our website. Our contracts with customers include two performance obligations: access to the hosted software service ("SaaS"), inclusive of all features available within the platform and related customer support. The SaaS and the support are accounted for as a combined performance obligation because they have the same pattern of transfer over the same period and, therefore, are delivered concurrently. We satisfy our performance obligation over time each month as it provides the SaaS and support services to customers and as such generally recognizes revenue monthly based on the number of monthly members and contractual rate per member.
Certain annual contracts provide the customer the option to increase the minimum number of members and extend the contract term on a prospective basis or to purchase members beyond the minimum contracted number of members at a higher rate for a particular month. These options are accounted for when the customer exercises the option as they do not represent a material right and are accounted for as a contract modification.
Revenue is recognized net of applicable taxes imposed on the related transaction. We charge customers on a monthly basis, in arrears, with typical payment terms being 30 days. A contract asset is the right to consideration for transferred goods or services and arises when the amount of revenue recognized exceeds amounts billed to a customer. Since our performance obligation is satisfied monthly, at any reporting period, we have no unsatisfied, or partially unsatisfied, performance obligations.
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
We account for stock-based compensation under the fair value recognition and measurement provisions of GAAP. Those provisions require all stock-based awards granted to employees, including stock options and RSUs, to be measured based on fair value at the date of grant, with the resulting expense generally recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations over the period during which the employee is required to perform service in exchange for the award.
We utilize the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the estimated fair value of stock options.
The Black-Scholes option pricing model requires management to make a number of assumptions, including the fair value and expected volatility of our underlying common stock, expected life of the award, risk-free interest rate and expected dividend yield. Prior to the IPO, the fair value of common stock was determined by the Board of Directors based on a number of factors, including independent third-party valuations of our common stock, which considered estimates of our future performance and valuations of
84
comparable companies. We also considered prices at which others have purchased our stock, and the likelihood and timing of achieving a liquidity event. When awards were granted or revalued between the dates of valuation reports, we considered the change in common stock fair value and the amount of time that lapsed between the two reports to determine whether to use the latest common stock valuation or an interpolation between two valuation dates for purposes of valuing stock-based awards. Subsequent to the completion of the IPO, the fair value of our underlying common stock is determined by the closing price, on the date of grant, of our Class A common stock, which is traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market.
All RSUs granted to employees before the effectiveness of the IPO Registration Statement were measured based on the fair value of the underlying common stock on the grant date, which was consistent with the factors described within the Black-Scholes option pricing model. All RSUs granted to employees after the effectiveness of the IPO Registration Statement are measured based on the fair value of the underlying common stock on the grant date, which is determined by the closing price, on the date of the grant, of our Class A common stock, which is traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market.
Refer to Note 9 to our consolidated financial statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further detail over stock-based compensation and our stock incentive plans.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for recently issued accounting pronouncements.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
FOREIGN CURRENCY EXCHANGE RISK
We report our results in U.S. dollars, which is our reporting currency. For our foreign operations, the majority of our revenues and expenses are denominated in other currencies, such as the British pound and the Australian dollar. Foreign currency assets and liabilities are remeasured into the U.S. dollar at end-of-period exchange rates except for prepaid expenses, property and equipment and related depreciation and amortization and lease right-of-use assets and related amortization, which are remeasured at historical exchange rates. Revenues and expenses are remeasured at average exchange rates in effect during each period. Gains or losses from foreign currency transactions are included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
If the value of the U.S. dollar weakens relative to foreign currencies, this may have an unfavorable impact on our cash flows and operating results. We do not believe that a 10% change in the relative value of the U.S. dollar to other foreign currencies would have a material effect on our cash flows and operating results.
INTEREST RATE RISK
We are subject to interest rate risk in connection with borrowings under our amortizing term mortgage, our monthly revolving line of credit and our amortizing term loan. Interest rate changes generally impact the amount of our interest payments and, therefore, our future profitability and cash flows. Assuming the amounts outstanding under these borrowing facilities are fully drawn, a hypothetical 10% change in interest rates would not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
INFLATION RISK
We do not believe that inflation has had a material impact on our business, results of operations or financial condition. Nonetheless, if our costs were to become subject to significant inflationary pressures, we may not be able to fully offset such higher costs through price increases. Our inability or failure to do so could harm our business, results of operations or financial condition.
85
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
| Index to Consolidated Financial Statements | |||||
Consolidated Financial Statements | |||||
86
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of Expensify, Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Expensify, Inc. (the Company) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of operations, convertible preferred stock and stockholders’ equity (deficit) and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) and our report dated February 26, 2024 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
87
| Employee and Employee-Related Expenses | ||||||||
| Description of the Matter | As described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company estimates the allocation of employee and employee-related expenses to the Cost of revenue, net, Research and development, General and administrative, and Sales and marketing financial statement line items on the Consolidated Statements of Operations as a result of their generalist model and organizational structure. This allocation requires estimation and judgments by management based on internal productivity and team management tools. Auditing the Company’s allocation of employee and employee-related expenses was challenging because it involved subjective management judgments and a high degree of subjective auditor judgment due to the nature of audit evidence obtained. | |||||||
| How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit | We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of controls over the Company’s employee and employee-related expense allocation process. This included, among others, controls over the data used in the allocation process, management’s review of the allocation output, and the allocation of costs to the related financial statement line items. Our audit procedures included, among others, obtaining an understanding of management’s process and methodology, testing the completeness and accuracy of the internal productivity and team management data, and evaluating management judgments applied to the data for consistency with prior periods and the Company’s methodology. For a selection of employees, we validated the employee’s team assignments and productivity metrics and independently evaluated management’s judgments and the allocation output by inspecting documentation of the basis for management judgments and the allocation output. We also interviewed a selection of employees to obtain an understanding of their team assignments and responsibilities as well as members of management responsible for reviewing the productivity and team management data and related allocation output for the selected employees to evaluate the documentation provided to support the allocation output. In addition, we performed analytical procedures to assess trends in allocations over time for a selection of employees and in aggregate for all employees and evaluated any significant deviations from expectations. Further, we recalculated the allocation of costs to the financial statement line items using the underlying data. | |||||||
/s/ | ||
| We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2020. | ||
| February 26, 2024 | ||
88
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of Expensify, Inc.
Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
We have audited Expensify, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, Expensify, Inc. (the Company) maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on the COSO criteria.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the 2023 consolidated financial statements of the Company and our report dated February 26, 2024 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management's Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
89
/s/ | ||
| San Francisco, California | ||
| February 26, 2024 | ||
90
Expensify, Inc.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
| As of December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Accounts receivable, net | |||||||||||
| Settlement assets, net | |||||||||||
| Prepaid expenses | |||||||||||
| Other current assets | |||||||||||
| Total current assets | |||||||||||
| Capitalized software, net | |||||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | |||||||||||
| Lease right-of-use assets | |||||||||||
| Deferred tax assets, net | |||||||||||
| Other assets | |||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Liabilities and stockholders' equity | |||||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Accrued expenses and other liabilities | |||||||||||
| Borrowings under line of credit | |||||||||||
| Current portion of long-term debt, net of original issue discount and debt issuance costs | |||||||||||
| Lease liabilities, current | |||||||||||
| Settlement liabilities | |||||||||||
| Total current liabilities | |||||||||||
| Lease liabilities, non-current | |||||||||||
| Other liabilities | |||||||||||
| Long-term debt, net of original issue discount and debt issuance costs | |||||||||||
| Total liabilities | |||||||||||
Commitments and contingencies (Note 12) | |||||||||||
| Stockholders' equity: | |||||||||||
Preferred stock, par value $ | |||||||||||
Common stock, par value $ | |||||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | |||||||||||
| Accumulated deficit | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Total stockholders' equity | |||||||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ | $ | |||||||||
91 | ||||||||
| The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. | ||||||||
Expensify, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
| Year ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenue, net | |||||||||||||||||
| Gross margin | |||||||||||||||||
| Operating expenses: | |||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | |||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | |||||||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing | |||||||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | |||||||||||||||||
| Loss from operations | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Interest and other expenses, net | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Loss before income taxes | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| (Provision for) benefit from income taxes | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||
| Net loss per share: | |||||||||||||||||
| Basic and diluted | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||
| Weighted-average shares of common stock used to compute net loss per share: | |||||||||||||||||
| Basic and diluted | |||||||||||||||||
92 | ||||||||
| The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. | ||||||||
Expensify, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
| Convertible preferred stock | Common stock | Additional paid-in capital | Accumulated deficit | Total stockholders' equity (deficit) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2020 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Conversion of convertible preferred stock to common stock | ( | ( | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock upon exercise of warrants | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock upon initial public offering | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vesting of early exercised stock options | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2021 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vesting of early exercised stock options | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of restricted stock units | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchases of early exercised stock options | — | — | ( | — | ( | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stuck under Matching Plan | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock in connection with restricted stock units vesting | — | — | ( | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares withheld from common stock issued to pay employee payroll taxes | — | — | ( | — | ( | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchase and retirement of common stock | — | — | ( | — | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2022 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
93 | ||||||||
| The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. | ||||||||
| Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vesting of early exercised stock options | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of restricted stock units | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchases of early exercised stock options | — | — | ( | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock under Matching Plan | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock in connection with restricted stock units vesting | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares withheld from common stock issued to pay employee payroll taxes | — | — | ( | — | ( | — | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchase and retirement of common stock | — | — | ( | — | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | — | — | — | — | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at December 31, 2023 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
94 | ||||||||
| The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. | ||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash provided by operating activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | |||||||||||||||||
| Reduction of operating lease right-of-use assets | |||||||||||||||||
| Loss on impairment, receivables and sale or disposal of equipment | |||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | |||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of original issue discount and debt issuance costs | |||||||||||||||||
| Deferred tax assets | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Deferred tax liabilities | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Changes in assets and liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Accounts receivable, net | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Settlement assets, net | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Prepaid expenses | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Related party loan receivable | |||||||||||||||||
| Other current assets | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Other assets | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Accounts payable | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Accrued expenses and other liabilities | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Settlement liabilities | |||||||||||||||||
| Other liabilities | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash flows from investing activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Purchase of property and equipment | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from sale or disposal of property and equipment | |||||||||||||||||
| Software development costs | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Cash flows from financing activities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Principal payments of finance leases | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Principal payments of outstanding debt | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from term loan | |||||||||||||||||
| Vesting of restricted common stock | |||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from initial public offering, net of underwriters' discounts, commissions and offering costs | |||||||||||||||||
| Repurchases of early exercises of common stock | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from common stock purchased under Matching Plan | |||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of common stock on exercise of stock options | |||||||||||||||||
| Payments for employee taxes withheld from stock-based awards | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Repurchase and retirement of common stock | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
95 | ||||||||
| The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. | ||||||||
| Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash paid for interest | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Cash paid for income taxes | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Noncash investing and financing items: | |||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation capitalized as software development costs | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Purchases of property and equipment and capitalized software in accounts payable and accrued expenses | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Right-of-use assets acquired through operating leases | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Right-of-use assets acquired through finance leases | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash to the Consolidated Balance Sheets: | |||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Restricted cash included in other current assets | |||||||||||||||||
| Restricted cash included in other assets | |||||||||||||||||
| Restricted cash included in settlement assets, net | |||||||||||||||||
| Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
96 | ||||||||
| The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. | ||||||||
NOTE 1 – DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION
Description of the Business
Expensify, Inc. ("Expensify") was incorporated in Delaware on April 29, 2009. Expensify offers a comprehensive expense management platform that integrates with a variety of third-party accounting applications, including QuickBooks Desktop, QuickBooks Online, Xero, NetSuite, Intacct, Sage, Microsoft Dynamics, MYOB and others. Expensify's product simplifies the way that employees and vendors manage and submit expense receipts and bills and provides efficiencies to companies for the payment of those bills. Expensify delivers its services over the internet to corporations and individuals under a license arrangement and offers unique pricing options for small and midsized businesses and enterprises on a per-active-member basis.
Expensify also offers an Expensify charge card ("Expensify Card"), which is primarily distributed to corporate customers in the United States ("U.S.") that subsequently distribute the card to their employees for business use. The Expensify Card allows customers to have real-time control over their employees' spending and compliance with spending limits in addition to eReceipt reporting on purchases.
Information regarding the subsidiaries of Expensify is as follows:
•Expensify established a wholly-owned subsidiary in the United Kingdom ("UK"), Expensify LTD., in 2015 that primarily serves to promote and market Expensify's services to customers and potential customers of Expensify in the UK.
•Expensify established a wholly-owned subsidiary in Australia, Expensify Australia PTY LTD., in 2017 that primarily serves to promote and market Expensify's services to customers and potential customers of Expensify in Australia.
•Expensify established a wholly-owned subsidiary, 401 SW 5th Ave LLC, in 2019 with the subsidiary’s primary purpose being to hold title to the commercial building purchased in Portland, Oregon.
•Expensify established a standalone entity, Expensify.org, in 2019 which is a nonprofit benefit organization. Expensify.org is included within the consolidated financial statements of Expensify as Expensify has both a majority voting interest in the board of Expensify.org and an economic interest in the organization. Any contributions from Expensify.org to a charitable organization are recorded as an expense within General and administrative expenses on the consolidated financial statements upon payment.
•Expensify established wholly-owned subsidiaries, Expensify Canada Inc. and Expensify Netherlands B.V., in 2020 that primarily serve to promote and market Expensify's services to customers and potential customers of the Company in Canada and the Netherlands, respectively.
•Expensify established a wholly-owned subsidiary, Expensify Payments LLC, in 2020 that primarily serves as the licensed provider of money transmission services for Expensify with its expense management program.
•Expensify established a wholly-owned subsidiary, Expensify Lounge LLC, in 2021 that primarily serves to manage, promote and market Expensify's lounge operations in the United States.
•Expensify established a wholly-owned subsidiary, Fifth & Harvey, LLC, in 2023 that primarily serves to hold title to and manage operations of the operating lease for lots in Portland, Oregon that are currently used to host multiple portable food vendors open to the general public.
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation
97
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Expensify and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (the "Company") and have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"). All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
Initial Public Offering
The Company’s registration statement on Form S-1 (the "IPO Registration Statement") related to its initial public offering ("IPO") was declared effective on November 9, 2021 and the Company’s Class A common stock began trading on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on November 10, 2021. On November 15, 2021, the Company closed its IPO of 11,190,392 shares of the Company's Class A common stock at $0.0001 par value per share (the "Class A common stock"), in which the Company sold 2,608,696 shares of Class A common stock, and the selling stockholders sold 8,581,696 shares of Class A common stock at an IPO price of $27.00 per share. This total sale of 11,190,392 shares of Class A common stock in the IPO includes the full exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase an additional 1,459,616 shares of Class A common stock from certain selling stockholders at an IPO price of $27.00 per share. The Company did not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares of Class A common stock in the offering by the selling stockholders. The Company received aggregate net proceeds of approximately $57.5 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions of approximately $4.9 million and offering costs of approximately $8.0 million.
Immediately prior to the effectiveness of the IPO Registration Statement, the Company filed an Amendment to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation to create three classes of authorized common stock: Class A, LT10, and LT50 common stock. All shares of common stock then outstanding were reclassified as Class A common stock except for shares under the Company's exchange offer, which provided employees and other service providers the opportunity to exchange, on a one -for-one basis, their Class A common stock into LT10 or LT50 shares. Under this exchange offer, 13,556,800 shares of Class A common stock were exchanged for 7,332,640 shares of LT10 common stock and 6,224,160 shares of LT50 common stock. Upon closing of the IPO, all convertible preferred stock then outstanding, was converted into 42,031,390 shares of common stock on a 10 -for-one basis and reclassified into Class A common stock. In addition, 430,080 shares of common stock warrants were converted to an equivalent number of shares of Class A common stock warrants.
Immediately prior to the closing of the IPO, the Company filed its Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation authorizing a total of 1,000,000,000 shares of Class A common stock which entitles holders to one vote per share; 25,000,000 shares of LT10 common stock, which entitles holders to 10 votes per share; and 25,000,000 shares of LT50 common stock, which entitles holders to 50 votes per share. In addition, the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation authorized a total of 10,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock.
Stock Split
On October 27, 2021, the Company effected a 10 -for-one stock split of its common stock. All share and per share information has been retroactively adjusted to reflect the stock split for all periods presented.
NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Use of Estimates
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Estimates and judgments are based on historical experience, forecasted events and
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various other assumptions that the Company believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Estimates and judgments may differ under different assumptions or conditions. Estimates and judgments are evaluated on an ongoing basis. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Changes in estimates are recorded in the period in which they become known.
Estimates and assumptions by management affect the Company’s classification of employee and employee-related expenses, the useful lives and recoverability of long-lived assets and deferred contract acquisition costs, income taxes, capitalization of internal-use software costs, stock-based compensation and the Company's incremental borrowing rate utilized to measure its lease right-of-use ("ROU") assets and lease liabilities.
Foreign Currency
The Company uses the U.S. dollar as its functional currency. Foreign currency assets and liabilities are remeasured into the U.S. dollar at the end-of-period exchange rates except for prepaid expenses, property and equipment and related depreciation and amortization, and lease ROU assets and related amortization, which are remeasured at the historical exchange rates. Revenues and expenses are remeasured at average exchange rates in effect during each period. Gains or losses from foreign currency transactions are included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations within Interest and other expenses, net.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash consists of funds deposited with banks. The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. The recorded carrying amount of cash equivalents, which is cost plus accrued interest, if any, approximates fair value. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had no cash equivalents.
Restricted Cash
Restricted cash primarily includes cash in transit for funds held for customers to the Company's payment processor, Expensify Card collateral for funds held for customers, and cash held by Expensify.org for social justice and equity efforts of Expensify.org. Refer to Note 6 for the breakout of these amounts within Other current assets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.
Restricted cash also includes amounts within Settlement assets, net for funds held for customers that are deposited into a commercial bank account held by the Company for the benefit of the customers until remitted to the customer's members. Refer to the Settlement assets, net and liabilities policy note below for further detail.
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Expected Credit Losses
Concentrations of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. Cash and cash equivalents are deposited with federally insured commercial banks in the United States that may at times exceed federally insured limits. Management believes that these financial institutions are financially sound, and the Company has not experienced material losses to date. The Company generally does not require collateral or other security in support of
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Settlement Assets, Net and Liabilities and Allowance for Expected Credit Losses
Upon an approved request for expense reimbursement from customers, the Company initiates a transaction facilitated by a third-party vendor to collect funds from customers that are deposited into a commercial bank account held by the Company for the benefit of the customers until remitted to the customer’s members after a clearing period of up to three business days, including the day of the transaction. The Company records a settlement receivable upon approval of the expense reimbursement until funds are cleared in the Company’s commercial bank account. A corresponding liability is recorded upon approval of the expense reimbursement until funds are remitted from the Company’s commercial bank account to the customer’s members.
For customer transactions incurred through the Expensify Card, the Company initiates a transaction facilitated by a third-party vendor to collect funds from customers that are deposited into a commercial bank account held by the Company until remitted to the issuing bank the next business day. The majority of customers settle Expensify Card transactions on a daily basis while certain customers settle Expensify Card transactions on a monthly basis. The Company records a settlement receivable for Expensify Card transactions until funds are cleared in the Company’s commercial bank account. A corresponding liability is recorded until funds are remitted from the Company’s commercial bank account to the issuing bank.
Leases
The Company determines if an arrangement is or contains a lease at inception by evaluating whether there is an identified asset and whether the Company controls the use of the identified asset throughout the period of use. The Company determines the classification of the lease, whether operating or financing, at the lease commencement date, which is the date the leased assets are made available for use.
Operating and finance leases are included in lease ROU assets and lease liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating and finance lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of future minimum lease payments over the lease term. The Company uses rates implicit in the lease, or if not readily available, its incremental borrowing rate, to calculate its ROU assets and liabilities. The operating and finance lease ROU assets also include any lease payments made before commencement and exclude lease incentives.
The Company’s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease, and the Company includes those options in the lease terms when it is reasonably certain it will exercise them. Lease expense for operating lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Lease expense for finance lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lesser of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the asset. The Company made the policy election to account for short-term leases by recognizing the lease payments in the Consolidated Statements of Operations on a straight-line
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basis over the lease term rather than recognizing these leases on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. Variable lease payments are recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations in the period in which the obligation for those payments is incurred. The Company has real estate and data center equipment lease agreements with lease and non-lease components for which the Company has made the accounting policy election to account for these agreements as a single lease component. Modifications are assessed to determine whether incremental differences result in new contract terms to be accounted for as a new lease or whether the additional right-of-use should be included in the original lease and continue to be accounted with the remaining ROU asset.
Property and Equipment, Net
Property and equipment, net are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, typically three years for computer equipment, five years for furniture and fixtures and thirty years for buildings. Land has an indefinite useful life and is not depreciated. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the asset. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred. Upon disposal, the cost and related accumulated depreciation and amortization are removed from the Consolidated Balance Sheets and the resulting gain or loss is reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Gains or losses from disposition of property and equipment for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 have been immaterial.
Construction in progress is stated at cost, which includes the cost of construction and other direct costs attributable to the construction. No depreciation is recorded for construction in progress until the relevant assets are completed and put into use. Construction in progress as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 represents leasehold improvements under installation.
Capitalized Software Development Costs, Net
Long-Lived Assets
Long-lived assets, primarily capitalized software development costs, property and equipment and lease right-of-use assets, are evaluated for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. When indications of impairment are present and the estimated undiscounted future cash flows from the use of the asset are less than the asset's carrying value, the related asset will be written down to fair value. Any impairment losses are included in the same financial statement caption as the related depreciation and amortization for the respective asset class on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Impairment losses on long-lived assets were immaterial for each of the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.
Deferred Offering Costs
Deferred offering costs consist primarily of accounting, legal and other fees related to the IPO. Upon completion of the IPO, deferred offering costs of $8.0 million were reclassified to stockholders’ equity and
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recorded net against the IPO proceeds. The Company had no
Revenue Recognition
The Company generates revenue from subscription fees paid by its customers to access and use the Company’s hosted software services, as well as standard customer support. Revenue is recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for those goods or services. Revenue is recognized net of applicable taxes imposed on the related transaction.
The Company’s contracts are either month-to-month arrangements billed monthly in arrears based on a specified number of members or annual arrangements billed monthly in arrears based on a minimum number of monthly members, with typical payment terms being 30 days. Month-to-month contracts can be terminated by either party at any time without penalty. Annual subscription customers who wish to terminate their contracts before the end of the term are required to pay the remaining obligation in full plus any fees or penalties set forth in the agreement.
The Company charges its customers subscription fees for access to its platform based on the number of monthly members and level of service. The contractual price per member is based on either negotiated fees or rates published on the Company’s website. The Company’s contracts with customers include two performance obligations: access to the hosted software service ("SaaS"), inclusive of all features available within the platform, and related customer support. The SaaS and the support are accounted for as a combined performance obligation because they have the same pattern of transfer over the same period and, therefore, are delivered concurrently. The Company satisfies its performance obligation over time each month as it provides the SaaS and support services to customers and, as such, generally recognizes revenue monthly based on the number of monthly members and contractual rate per member.
Certain annual contracts provide the customer the option to increase the minimum number of members and extend the contract term on a prospective basis or to purchase members beyond the minimum contracted number of members at a higher rate for a particular month. These options are accounted for when the customer exercises the option as they do not represent a material right and are accounted for as a contract modification.
A contract asset is the right to consideration for transferred goods or services and arises when the amount of revenue recognized exceeds amounts billed to a customer. The Company has no unsatisfied, or partially unsatisfied, performance obligations as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 as performance obligations are satisfied monthly.
Deferred Contract Acquisition Costs
Sales commissions that are incremental costs of the acquisition of contracts with customers are capitalized. These costs are recorded as deferred contract acquisition costs on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company determines whether costs should be deferred when the costs are incremental and would not have occurred if the customer contract had not been obtained. The deferred commission amounts are recoverable through the future revenue streams from our customer contracts, all of which are non-cancelable. The Company did not pay any sales commissions during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.
Commissions paid upon the acquisition of an initial contract are amortized over an estimated period of benefit which has been determined to be three years based on historical analysis of average customer life, industry benchmarks, and useful life of our product offerings. Amortization is recognized on a straight-line basis and included within Sales and marketing expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company periodically reviews these deferred costs to determine whether events or changes in
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The following table presents the change in deferred contract acquisition costs (in thousands):
| 2023 | |||||
| Balance as of January 1 | $ | ||||
| Added during the year | |||||
| Amortized during the year | ( | ||||
| Balance as of December 31 | $ | ||||
Cashback Rewards
In August 2021, the Company began offering a cashback rewards program to all customers based on volume of Expensify Card transactions and SaaS subscription tier. Cashback rewards are earned on a monthly basis and are applied against outstanding customer receivables or are paid out the following month. The Company considers cashback rewards as consideration payable to a customer and it is recorded as contra revenue within Revenue on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Cashback rewards are impacted over time by customers meeting eligibility requirements in conjunction with the SaaS subscription tier of the customer and the timing of payments to customers. Cashback rewards liability was $0.9 million and $0.2 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and is recorded within Accrued expenses and other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Cashback rewards offset against outstanding customer receivables were $0.2 million as of December 31, 2023 and are reflected as a reduction to Accounts receivable, net on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Cashback rewards were not offset against outstanding customer receivables as of December 31, 2022. The cashback rewards cost was $7.0 million, $2.8 million and $1.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company accounts for stock-based compensation under the fair value recognition and measurement provisions of GAAP. Those provisions require all stock-based awards granted to employees, including stock options and restricted stock units, to be measured based on fair value at the date of grant, with the resulting expense generally recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations over the period during which the employee is required to perform service in exchange for the award.
The Company utilizes the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the estimated fair value of stock options. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation costs on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award, which is generally the option vesting term of four years . Forfeitures are recorded as they occur.
The Black-Scholes option pricing model requires management to make a number of assumptions, including the fair value and expected volatility of the Company’s underlying common stock, expected life of the award, risk-free interest rate and expected dividend yield. Prior to the IPO, the fair value of common stock was determined by the Board of Directors based on a number of factors, including independent third-party valuations of our common stock, which considered estimates of our future performance and valuations of comparable companies. The Company also considered prices at which others have purchased our stock, and the likelihood and timing of achieving a liquidity event. When awards were granted or revalued between the dates of valuation reports, the Company considered the change in common stock fair value and the amount of time that lapsed between the two reports to determine whether to use the latest common stock valuation or an interpolation between two valuation dates for purposes of valuing stock-based awards. Subsequent to the completion of the IPO, the fair value of the
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Company’s underlying common stock is determined by the closing price, on the date of grant, of its Class A common stock, which is traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market.
The Company granted employees, consultants and directors (collectively, "Service Providers") restricted stock units ("RSUs") that settle in shares of Class A and LT50 common stock, effective immediately prior to the effectiveness of the IPO Registration Statement. All RSUs granted to Service Providers after the effectiveness of the IPO Registration Statement have a service condition only and are recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award, which is generally the RSU vesting term of eight years . The Company measures these RSUs granted based on the fair value of the underlying common stock on the grant date, which is determined by the closing price, on the date of the grant, of its Class A common stock, which is traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market.
All RSUs granted to Service Providers before the effectiveness of the IPO Registration Statement were considered RSUs with both a service and performance condition for accounting purposes. The Company measures these RSUs based on the fair value of the underlying common stock on the grant date, which was consistent with the factors described within the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Once the performance condition was satisfied for these RSUs on November 9, 2021, the Company recognized a cumulative one-time stock-based compensation expense for the service period satisfied prior to this date. All remaining stock-based compensation for these awards will be recognized over the remaining service period using the accelerated graded method. The service period of these awards is the RSU vesting term of eight years .
The Company granted RSUs in November 2021 to its Non-Employee Directors, which is comprised solely of the Company's Audit Committee members, in connection with each member's initial appointment to the Board of Directors and consummation of the IPO. All RSUs granted to Non-Employee Directors settle in shares of Class A common stock and are recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award, which is generally the initial RSU grant vesting term of three years . Additionally, the Company will grant RSUs to Non-Employee Directors on an annual basis at each annual stockholders' meeting that will vest upon the earlier of the satisfaction of a service condition or a performance condition, which is considered a change in control event. These annual RSU grants will be recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award, which is one year . Furthermore, RSUs will be granted to Non-Employee Directors on a quarterly basis as a retainer for their services, which vest only upon the satisfaction of a service condition. These quarterly RSU grants will be recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award, which is three months . The Company measures all RSUs granted to Non-Employee Directors based on the fair value of the underlying common stock on the grant date, which is determined by the closing price, on the date of the grant, of its Class A common stock, which is traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market.
Forfeitures are recorded as they occur for all RSUs. Refer to Note 9 for further detail over stock-based compensation and the stock incentive plans of the Company.
Employee Stock Option Exercise Cash Bonus
In June 2021 for the Company's named executive officers and in July 2021 for all other employees, the Company determined it would pay a cash bonus to each of its employees in a value that approximated the cost of each employee exercising 45 % of their total stock options issued, limited by the total stock options outstanding as of June 15, 2021, including the tax withholding applicable to each employee. The Company included both vested and unvested stock options outstanding and held by each existing employee as of June 15, 2021 in determining the cash bonus paid to each employee.
In addition to using the exercise cost of the stock options through June 15, 2021, the Company relied on an estimate to determine the tax withholding that could be applicable to each employee based on if they were to exercise the stock options. In order to determine this estimate, the Company relied on third-party tax consultants that reviewed a number of assumptions provided by management, including the
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applicable taxable income to the employee as a result of the cash bonus in 2021 and the spread of the fair value of the options based on the latest independent third-party common stock valuation as of June 15, 2021 and the exercise price of the same options applicable to each employee. No employee was obligated to use the cash bonus to exercise their outstanding stock options.
During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, there were no 48.4 million. All bonuses were fully paid to employees during the year ended December 31, 2021. Of the total bonus expenses related to the employee stock option exercise cash bonus during the year ended December 31, 2021, the bonus expense for the Company's named executive officers was $7.9 million.
Employee stock option exercise cash bonus is included in the following components of expenses on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations (in thousands):
| Year ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2021 | ||||||||
| Cost of revenue, net | $ | |||||||
| Research and development | ||||||||
| General and administrative | ||||||||
| Sales and marketing | ||||||||
| Total | $ | |||||||
Employee cash bonuses capitalized as internally developed software costs were $1.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Employee and Employee-Related Expenses
Allocating employee and employee-related expenses, which consist of contractor costs, employee salary and wages, stock-based compensation and travel and other employee-related costs, to their appropriate financial statement line items on the Consolidated Statements of Operations, requires the Company to make estimates and judgments as a result of a generalist model and organizational structure. The Company bases the estimates for allocating employee and employee related expenses on internal productivity and team management tools. Management reviews the estimates each reporting period to evaluate the amounts allocated to Cost of revenue, net, Research and development, General and administrative, and Sales and marketing on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Cost of Revenue, Net
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Research and Development
Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel-related expenses, including stock-based compensation, and external contributor expenses incurred in the planning and preliminary project stage and post-implementation stage of new products or enhancing existing products or services. We capitalize certain software development costs that are attributable to developing or adding significant functionality to our internal-use software during the application development stage of the projects. All research and development expenses, excluding capitalized software development costs, are expensed as incurred.
General and Administrative
General and administrative expenses primarily consist of personnel-related expenses, including stock-based compensation, for any employee time allocated to administrative functions, including finance and accounting, legal and compliance, and human resources. In addition to personnel-related expenses, general and administrative expenses consist of rent, utilities, depreciation on property and equipment, amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets and external professional services, including finance and accounting, audit, tax, legal and compliance, human resources and information technology. General and administrative expenses are expensed as incurred.
Sales and Marketing
Sales and marketing primarily consist of personnel-related expenses, including stock-based compensation, advertising expenses, depreciation on property and equipment, outsourcing costs for sales and product demos, branding and public relations expenses, referral fees for strategic partners and other benefits that the Company provides to its referral and affiliate partners. In general, the Company expenses the costs of sales and marketing, including promotional expenses, as incurred. For media advertising arrangements, the Company expenses the costs related to producing advertisements as incurred, and the costs related to communicating the advertisement when the advertisement first takes place or is released.
Interest and Other Expenses, net
Interest and other expenses, net, primarily consist of interest paid under our credit facilities with Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce ("CIBC"). It also includes the results of operations of our Fifth & Harvey, LLC subsidiary, realized gains and losses on foreign currency transactions and foreign currency remeasurement
Income Taxes
The Company is subject to income taxes in the U.S. and several foreign jurisdictions. The Company records a (provision for) benefit from income taxes utilizing the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between financial statement carrying amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities, as well as net operating losses ("NOL") and tax credit carryforwards. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts more likely than not expected to be realized.
The Company accounts for uncertainty in income taxes using a two-step approach to recognizing and measuring uncertain tax positions. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely of being realized upon settlement. The Company classifies any liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits as current to the
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extent that the Company anticipates payment (or receipt) of cash within one year. Interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions are recognized in the provision for income taxes.
The Company is subject to the global intangible low-taxed income ("GILTI") provisions of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ("TCJA") due to its foreign operations. The Company's accounting policy with respect to GILTI is to account for it as a period cost.
The Company's provision for income taxes does not include provisions for foreign withholding taxes associated with the repatriation of undistributed earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries that the Company intends to reinvest indefinitely in its foreign subsidiaries.
Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders
The Company computes net loss per share attributable to common stockholders using the two-class method required for participating securities. All series of the Company's previously outstanding convertible preferred stock were participating securities as the holders of such stock were entitled to receive stated noncumulative dividends when and if declared and then they could participate on a pari passu basis in the event that a dividend was paid on common stock. The holders of previously outstanding convertible preferred stock did not have a contractual obligation to share in the Company’s losses. The undistributed earnings were allocated between common stock and participating securities as if all earnings had been distributed during the period presented.
Basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing net loss for the period by the weighted-average number of outstanding shares of common stock during the period, less weighted-average shares subject to repurchase. Diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing net loss for the period by the weighted-average number of outstanding shares of common stock and, when dilutive, potential shares of common stock outstanding during the period using the more dilutive of the treasury stock method or if-converted method, as applicable. The dilutive effect of previously outstanding participating securities is calculated using the more dilutive of the treasury method or the two-class method. For periods in which the Company reports net losses, diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is the same as basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, because potentially dilutive common shares are anti-dilutive.
Share Repurchases
Segment Reporting
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The table below provides the Company’s total revenue by geographic region based on the currency of the subscription (in thousands). No other individual country outside of the United States accounted for more than 10% of total revenue.
| Year ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| Revenue by Customers' Geographic Locations | |||||||||||||||||
| United States | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| All other locations | |||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In October 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-06, Disclosure Improvements - Codification Amendments in Responses to the SEC's Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative. The amendments clarify or improve disclosure and presentation requirements on various disclosure areas, including the statement of cash flows, earnings per share, debt, and equity. The amendments will align the requirements in the FASB ASC with the SEC's regulations. The amendments in this ASU will be effective on the date the related disclosures are removed from Regulation S-X or Regulation S-K by the SEC, and will not be effective if the SEC has not removed the applicable disclosure requirement by June 30, 2027. Early adoption is prohibited. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this update on its consolidated financial statement disclosures.
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting - Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which provides improvement primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023 and quarterly periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The ASU allows for adoption on a retrospective basis for all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the effect of this update on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires disclosure of disaggregated income taxes paid, prescribes standard categories for the components of the effective tax rate reconciliation, and modifies other income tax-related disclosures. The ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024 and allows for adoption on a prospective basis, with a retrospective option. The Company is currently evaluating the effect of this update on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
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NOTE 3 – CAPITALIZED SOFTWARE, NET
Capitalized software, net consisted of the following (in thousands):
| As of December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| Capitalized software development costs | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Less: accumulated amortization | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Capitalized software, net | $ | $ | |||||||||
NOTE 4 – PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET
Property and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands):
| As of December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| Computers and equipment | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Furniture and fixtures | |||||||||||
| Leasehold improvements | |||||||||||
| Commercial building | |||||||||||
| Land | |||||||||||
| Construction in progress | |||||||||||
| Total property and equipment | |||||||||||
| Less: accumulated depreciation | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | $ | $ | |||||||||
Depreciation expense related to property and equipment is recorded in General and administrative, Sales and marketing, and Interest and other expenses, net on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Depreciation expense related to property and equipment for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $1.4 million, $2.0 million and $2.1 million, respectively.
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NOTE 5 – LEASES
The Company has operating leases for real estate and a finance lease for data center equipment. The operating and finance leases contain options to extend or terminate the leases. However, these were not included in the original accounting treatment of the leases as the Company is not reasonably certain to exercise these options.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company entered into four operating lease agreements and renewed its finance lease. There were no new operating or finance lease agreements entered into during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.
The components of lease cost reflected on the Consolidated Statements of Operations were as follows (in thousands):
| Year ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| Finance lease cost: | |||||||||||||||||
| Amortization of ROU assets | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Interest on lease liabilities | |||||||||||||||||
| Total finance lease cost | |||||||||||||||||
| Operating lease cost | |||||||||||||||||
| Short-term lease cost | |||||||||||||||||
| Total lease cost | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
Other information related to leases was as follows (in thousands, except as noted within):
| As of December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| $ | $ | ||||||||||
| $ | $ | ||||||||||
| Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years): | |||||||||||
| Finance leases | |||||||||||
| Operating leases | |||||||||||
| Weighted-average discount rate: | |||||||||||
| Finance leases | % | % | |||||||||
| Operating leases | % | % | |||||||||
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Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows (in thousands):
| Year ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||
| Operating cash flows from operating leases | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||
| Operating cash flows from finance leases | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||
| Financing cash flows from finance leases | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||
| ROU assets obtained in exchange for finance lease liabilities | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| ROU assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
To calculate the ROU assets and liabilities, the Company uses the discount rate implicit in lease agreements when available. When the implicit discount rates are not readily determinable, the Company uses the incremental borrowing rate. For lease agreements entered into or renewed during the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company determined the incremental borrowing rate from a corporate yield curve corresponding with the lease term using information available on the commencement date.
Maturities of lease liabilities as of December 31, 2023 were as follows (in thousands):
| Finance leases | Operating leases | ||||||||||
| For the year ending: | |||||||||||
| 2024 | $ | $ | |||||||||
| 2025 | |||||||||||
| 2026 | |||||||||||
| 2027 | |||||||||||
| 2028 | |||||||||||
| Thereafter | |||||||||||
| Total future lease payments | |||||||||||
| Less: imputed interest | ( | ( | |||||||||
| ( | ( | ||||||||||
| $ | $ | ||||||||||
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NOTE 6 – SIGNIFICANT BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS
Other Current Assets
Other current assets consisted of the following (in thousands):
| As of December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| Expensify Card posted collateral for funds held for customers | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Expensify.org restricted cash | |||||||||||
| Cash in transit for funds held for customers | |||||||||||
| Income tax receivable | |||||||||||
| Deferred contract acquisition costs | |||||||||||
| Expensify Payments LLC restricted cash | |||||||||||
| Matching Plan escrow and other restricted cash | |||||||||||
| Other | |||||||||||
| Other current assets | $ | $ | |||||||||
Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities
Accrued expenses and other liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):
| As of December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| Sales, payroll and other taxes payable | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Partner payouts and advertising fees | |||||||||||
| Professional fees | |||||||||||
| Restricted common stock liability for early stock option exercises | |||||||||||
| Interest payable | |||||||||||
| Cashback rewards | |||||||||||
Matching plan payroll liability | |||||||||||
| Accrued expense reports | |||||||||||
| Commissions payable | |||||||||||
| Hosting and license fees | |||||||||||
| Credit card processing fees | |||||||||||
| Other | |||||||||||
| Accrued expenses and other liabilities | $ | $ | |||||||||
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NOTE 7 – FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS
Amortizing Term Mortgage
In August 2019, the Company entered into an $8.3 million amortizing term mortgage agreement with Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce ("CIBC") for the Company's commercial building located in Portland, Oregon. The agreement requires principal and interest payments to be made each month over a five-year period. Interest accrues at a fixed rate of 5.00 % per year until August 2024, at which point the remaining outstanding principal balance on the amortizing term mortgage is due in full. The borrowings are secured by the building. The outstanding balance of the amortizing term mortgage was $7.7 million and $7.8 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
2021 Amended Term Loan
In September 2021, the Company amended and restated its loan and security agreement with CIBC ("2021 Amended Term Loan") to refinance the existing non-amortizing and amortizing term loans, establish a single term loan of up to $75.0 million, consisting of a $45.0 million initial term loan effective immediately with an option at a later date to enter into an additional $30.0 million delayed term loan, and increase the monthly revolving line of credit to $25.0 million. Approximately $23.5 million of the loan proceeds were used to immediately repay the remaining balances under the amortizing and non-amortizing term loans at the time of the amendment as well as the commitment fees and any other debt issuance costs associated with the amendment. The remaining proceeds from the initial term loan were utilized to fund the Company's normal business operations.
Under the 2021 Amended Term Loan, the initial term loan of $45.0 million was payable over a 60 -month period with principal and accrued interest payments due each quarter, commencing on September 30, 2021. The 2021 Amended Term Loan amortized in equal quarterly installments of $0.1 million through September 30, 2024, $0.2 million beginning October 1, 2024 and $0.6 million beginning October 1, 2025, with any remaining principal balance due and payable on maturity. The amounts borrowed beared interest at the bank’s reference rate plus 2.25 % (9.75 % as of December 31, 2022) beginning on September 30, 2021 and continuing on a quarterly basis through maturity of the term loan. The borrowings were secured by substantially all the Company’s assets. As of December 31, 2022, the outstanding balance of the 2021 Amended Term Loan was $44.5 million. The outstanding balance of $36.0 million and $0.1 million of accrued interest on the term loan were repaid in full on October 12, 2023.
Upon completion of the IPO in November 2021, the Company became obligated to pay a $2.5 million success fee as part of the Company's 2021 Amended Term Loan. This amount was paid to CIBC in November 2021.
Monthly Revolving Line of Credit
The line of credit agreement, as amended with the 2021 Amended Term Loan, provides borrowings up to $25.0 million. Borrowings under the line of credit bear interest at CIBC’s reference rate plus 1.00 9.50 % and 8.50 % as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively) and are secured by substantially all of the Company’s assets. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, there were $15.0 10.0
In connection with the amortizing term mortgage and the 2021 Amended Term Loan, the Company recorded an immaterial amount of debt issuance costs and the 2021 Amended Term Loan was subject to an original issue discount. These amounts are amortized to interest expense over the term of the respective agreements using the effective interest method. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, unamortized original issue discount and debt issuance costs remaining were immaterial and $0.3 million, respectively. Interest expense included within Interest and other expense, net on the Consolidated
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Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $5.2 million, $4.5 million and $3.1 million, respectively.
Future aggregate annual principal payments on long-term debt as of December 31, 2023 is expected to be as follows (in thousands):
| For the years ending: | ||||||||
| 2024 | $ | |||||||
| 2025 | ||||||||
| 2026 | ||||||||
| 2027 | ||||||||
| 2028 | ||||||||
| Thereafter | ||||||||
| Total principal payments | ||||||||
| Less: unamortized original issue discount and debt issuance costs | ( | |||||||
| Less: current portion, net of unamortized original issue discount and debt issuance costs | ( | |||||||
| Long-term debt, net of unamortized original issue discount and debt issuance costs | $ | |||||||
Additionally, $15.0 million of outstanding borrowings under the line of credit are due in September 2024 upon maturity of the facility.
The Company is subject to customary covenants under the 2021 Amended Term Loan agreement, which unless waived by CIBC, restrict its and its subsidiaries' ability to, among other things, incur additional indebtedness, create or incur liens, permit a change of control or merge or consolidate with other companies, sell or transfer assets, pay dividends or make distributions, make acquisitions, investments or loans, or payments and prepayments of subordinated indebtedness, subject to certain exceptions. If the Company fails to perform its obligations under these and other covenants, CIBC’s credit commitments could be terminated and any outstanding borrowings, together with accrued interest, under the credit or loan agreements could be declared immediately due and payable.
As of December 31, 2023, the Company was not in compliance with all debt covenants, specifically the minimum fixed charge coverage ratio covenant, the covenant related to the requirement to maintain all deposit, operating and collateral accounts with CIBC with certain exceptions during the period, the covenant related to investments in non loan subsidiaries where investments cannot exceed twenty percent of the Company's free cash flow as defined within the 2021 Amended Term Loan for the twelve month period then ended with certain exceptions, the covenant related to maintaining cash and other assets where the aggregate value of all subsidiaries cannot be in excess of ten percent of consolidated assets or individually by subsidiary in excess of five percent of consolidated assets, and the covenant related to subsidiary revenue where the aggregate value of all subsidiary revenue cannot be in excess of ten percent of consolidated revenue or individually by subsidiary in excess of five percent of consolidated revenue. A waiver was obtained from CIBC for the Company's non-compliance with these covenants. The Company does not believe non-compliance with these covenants had any material impact on the Company or its operations.
On February 21, 2024, the Company entered into a Second Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement (the "2024 Amended Term Loan") with CIBC. The 2024 Amended Term Loan amends and restates the 2021 Amended Term Loan, to extend the maturity date of the revolving line of credit to
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September 21, 2025, remove certain provisions related to the term loan that was repaid in full in October 2023, and make certain changes to the positive and negative covenants intended to better align with the operations of the Company. The 2024 Amended Term Loan continues to provide for a $25.0 million revolving credit facility, and interest on borrowings continues to accrue at CIBC's reference rate plus 1.00 %. As of February 21, 2024, $15.0 million was outstanding under the Loan and Security Agreement.
NOTE 8 – CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
Share Repurchase Program
On May 10, 2022, the Executive Committee of our Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program with authorization to purchase up to $50.0 million of shares of Class A common stock ("2022 Share Repurchase Program"). The Company may repurchase shares from time to time through open market purchases, in privately negotiated transactions or by other means, including the use of trading plans intended to qualify under Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 ("Exchange Act"), in accordance with applicable securities laws and other restrictions. The actual timing, manner, price and total amount of future repurchases will depend on a variety of factors, including business, economic and market conditions, corporate and regulatory requirements, prevailing stock prices, restrictions under the terms of loan agreements and other considerations. The 2022 Share Repurchase Program does not obligate the Company to acquire any particular amount of Class A common stock, and the program may be suspended or terminated at any time by the Company at any time at its discretion without prior notice.
During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company repurchased 504,493 shares of Class A common stock at a total cost of $3.0 million and 599,080 shares of Class A common stock at a total cost of $6.0 million, respectively.
Convertible Preferred Stock
Upon closing of the IPO, all convertible preferred stock then outstanding, was converted into 42,031,390 shares of common stock on a 10 -for-one basis and reclassified into Class A common stock. As such, there is no convertible preferred stock outstanding as of December 31, 2023 or 2022. As of December 31, 2020, convertible preferred stock consisted of the following:
| (in thousands, except share and per share data) | Shares authorized | Shares issued and outstanding | Original issuance price per share | Liquidation amount | Carrying value | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Series A | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Series B | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Series B-1 | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Series C | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Warrants
The Company issued warrants during various dates in 2013 and December 2016 to purchase 430,080
Although the credit agreement was terminated in 2018, the common stock warrants remained outstanding until exercised or expired. The warrants issued in 2013 and 2016 were exercisable immediately at $0.07
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and $0.53 per share, respectively, with expiration dates 10
Following the completion of the IPO, Silicon Valley Bank net exercised all common stock warrants then outstanding for 428,067 shares of Class A common stock. As such, there are no The following table discloses information regarding common stock warrants issued and outstanding at December 31, 2020:
| Date issued | Number of warrant shares | Fair value on issuance date (in thousands) | Exercisable through | |||||||||||||||||
| September 2013 | $ | September 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||
| October 2013 | October 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||
December 2016 | December 2026 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
NOTE 9 – STOCK INCENTIVE PLANS
2009 and 2019 Stock Plans
In 2009, the Board of Directors approved the 2009 Stock Plan ("2009 Stock Plan"). As amended in 2015, the 2009 Stock Plan permitted the Company to grant up to 16,495,150 shares of common stock. In January 2018, the Company increased the number of shares of common stock reserved under the 2009 Stock Plan by 535,130 shares to 17,030,280 shares. In April 2019, the Board of Directors approved the adoption of the 2019 Stock Plan ("2019 Stock Plan", and together with the 2009 Stock Plan, "Stock Plans"). The 2019 Stock Plan permitted the Company to grant up to 8,173,970 additional shares, increasing the overall common stock reserved for grant under the Stock Plans to 25,204,250 shares. In September 2021, under the 2019 Stock Plan, the Board of Directors approved the grant of 8,679,380 restricted stock units under the 2019 Stock Plan, which consisted of an aggregate of 4,339,690 16,856,770
Following the completion of the IPO, the Company did not and does not intend to make any further grants under the Stock Plans. However, the Stock Plans will continue to govern the terms and conditions of the outstanding awards granted under the Stock Plans. Upon the expiration, forfeiture, cancellation, withholding of shares upon exercise or settlement of an award to satisfy the exercise price or tax withholding, or repurchase of any shares of Class A common stock underlying outstanding stock-based awards granted under the 2009 Stock Plan or of Class A or LT50 common stock underlying outstanding stock-based awards granted under the 2019 Stock Plan, an equal number of shares of Class A common stock will become available for grant under the 2021 Incentive Award Plan ("2021 Plan") and the Company's Stock Purchase and Matching Plan ("Matching Plan" and together with the 2021 Plan, "2021 Incentive Plans").
2021 Incentive Plans
In November 2021, the Company's Board of Directors adopted, and its stockholders approved, the 2021 Incentive Plans, which both became effective immediately before the effectiveness of the IPO Registration Statement and use a combined share reserve. Under the 2021 Incentive Plans, 11,676,932 shares of Class A common stock were initially reserved for issuance pursuant to a variety of stock-based awards,
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including incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units ("RSUs") and other forms of equity and cash compensation under the 2021 Plan and purchase rights and matching awards under the Matching Plan. The number of shares initially reserved for issuance or transfer pursuant to awards under the 2021 Incentive Plans will be increased upon the expiration, forfeiture, cancellation, withholding of shares upon exercise or settlement of an award to satisfy the exercise price or tax withholding, or repurchase of any shares of Class A common stock underlying outstanding stock-based awards granted under the 2009 Stock Plan or of Class A or LT50 common stock underlying outstanding stock-based awards granted under the 2019 Stock Plan. The number of shares of Class A common stock reserved for issuance under the 2021 Incentive Plans as of December 31, 2023 was 22,282,735 shares. The number of shares reserved for issuance under the 2021 Incentive Plans will automatically increase each subsequent January 1 through January 1, 2031, by the lesser of (A) 6 % of the aggregate number of shares of all classes of common stock outstanding on the immediately preceding calendar year, or (B) such lesser number of shares as determined by the Company’s Board of Directors or compensation committee; provided, however, that no more than 87,576,990 shares of Class A common stock may be issued upon the exercise of incentive stock options.
Stock Purchase and Matching Plan
The Matching Plan operates using consecutive three month offering periods that commenced on March 15, 2022. Service Providers of the Company can participate in the Matching Plan by electing to contribute compensation through payroll deductions or from fee payments or may be granted discretionary awards under the Matching Plan. On the last day of the offering period the contributions made during the offering period are used to purchase shares of Class A common stock.
The price at which Class A common stock is purchased under the Matching Plan equals the average of the high and low trading price of a share of Class A common stock as of the last trading day of the offering period. At the end of each offering period, the Company may provide a discretionary match up to 1/10 of a share of Class A common stock for each share of Class A common stock purchased by or issued to a service provider under the Matching Plan that is retained through the end of the applicable offering period. No fractional shares will be issued by the Company. The Company will round to the nearest full share for shares purchased by a Service Provider as well as any matched shares issued to a Service Provider under the Matching Plan. The match rate applicable to each offering period shall be limited to 1.50 % of the shares of any class of capital stock outstanding as of the exercise date applicable to such offering period. The Company estimates the fair value of matched shares provided under the Matching Plan using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model on the date of grant. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense related to the matched shares pursuant to its Matching Plan on a straight-line basis over the applicable three month offering period.
Service Providers who participated in the Matching Plan during 2023 purchased a total of 1,010,412 in Class A common shares, based on an average purchase price of $4.21 , resulting in gross cash proceeds to the Company of $4.3 million.
Service Providers who participated in the Matching Plan during 2022 purchased a total of 272,196 in Class A common shares, based on an average purchase price of $13.49 , resulting in gross cash proceeds to the Company of $3.7 million.
The Company elected to match each share of Class A common stock purchased by or issued under the Matching Plan with 1/20 of a share of Class A common stock. During 2023, the Company granted a total of 147,109 shares of Class A common stock under the Matching Plan, net of a total of 15,871 shares withheld for taxes. During 2022, the Company granted 22,201 shares of Class A common stock under the Matching Plan.
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The fair value of awards granted as a result of this Company match within the Matching Plan was estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions:
| Year ended December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| Fair value of common stock per share | $ | $ | |||||||||
Expected dividend yield (1) | % | % | |||||||||
Risk-free interest rate (2) | % | % | |||||||||
Expected volatility (3) | % | % | |||||||||
Expected life (in years) (4) | |||||||||||
(1)The Company has no history or expectation of paying cash dividends on its common stock.
(2)The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield for a term consistent with the expected life of the awards in effect at the time of grant.
(3)The Company estimates volatility of its common stock at the date of the grant based on the expected weighted-average volatility of its Class A common stock.
(4)The expected life of awards granted as a Company match within the Matching Plan represents the duration of each offering period under the terms of the Matching Plan.
The Company has made discretionary contributions under the Matching Plan to eligible Service Providers. During 2023, the Company granted a total of 1,050,969 shares of Class A common stock as discretionary contributions under the Matching Plan, net of a total of 64,411 shares withheld for taxes. There were no discretionary contributions under the Matching Plan during the year ended December 31, 2022.
Restricted Stock Units
The 2019 Stock Plan and the 2021 Plan authorize the grant of RSUs. In September 2021, under the 2019 Stock Plan, the Company's Board of Directors approved and authorized 8,679,380 restricted stock units to be granted, which consisted of an aggregate of 4,339,690 2,980,260 RSUs, comprised of 1,490,130 shares of each of Class A and LT50 common stock were considered granted for accounting purposes in September 2021 to the Company's named executive officers and certain members of management as the Company and these certain Service Providers had a mutual understanding of the key terms and conditions of the award on the board approval date, which occurred on September 24, 2021. RSUs granted to Service Providers in September 2021 vest upon the satisfaction of both a performance and service condition. The performance condition was satisfied immediately prior to the effectiveness of the IPO Registration Statement. The service condition for these awards is satisfied over eight years with a cliff vest for 1/8 of the grant on September 15, 2022 and quarterly vesting of 1/32 of the grant every December 15, March 15, June 15 and September 15 thereafter until fully vested.
In November 2021, the Company granted 5,666,260 RSUs, comprised of 2,833,130
On March 28, 2022, the Company granted a Service Provider 43,060 RSUs, comprised of 21,530 18.93 per share. These RSUs only have a service condition, which is satisfied over approximately eight years with a cliff vest for 1/8 of the grant on September 15, 2022 and quarterly vesting of 1/32 of the grant every December 15, March 15, June 15 and September 15 thereafter until fully vested.
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Pursuant to the Company's Non-Employee Director Compensation Program, which was adopted under the 2021 Incentive Plans, the Company granted 55,731 Class A common stock RSUs during the year ended December 31, 2023. A total of 29,421 Class A common stock RSUs vested during the year ended December 31, 2023 related to previously-granted RSU awards as the quarterly service conditions were satisfied.
The Company granted 27,780 Class A common stock RSUs to members of the Company's Audit Committee during November 2021 in connection with each member's initial appointment to the Board of Directors and consummation of the IPO. For accounting purposes, the grant date was considered to be November 12, 2021 as this was the date the Company filed its IPO price pursuant to Rule 424(b)(4). The IPO price was a key determination of the number of RSUs awarded to members of the Audit Committee and therefore on this date the Company and each Audit Committee member had a mutual understanding of the key terms and conditions of the awards granted. The RSUs granted vest upon the earlier of the satisfaction of a service condition or a performance condition, which is considered a change in control event. The service condition for these awards is satisfied over three years with quarterly vesting of the grant until fully vested.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, RSU activity was as follows:
| Class A Common Stock | LT50 Common Stock | Weighted average grant date fair value per share | |||||||||||||||
Outstanding at December 31, 2022 | $ | ||||||||||||||||
| RSUs granted | $ | ||||||||||||||||
| RSUs vested | ( | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||
| RSUs cancelled/forfeited/expired | ( | ( | $ | ||||||||||||||
Outstanding at December 31, 2023 | $ | ||||||||||||||||
As of December 31, 2023, there was $153.4 million of unamortized stock-based compensation cost related to unvested RSUs, which is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted average life of 5.37 years. As of December 31, 2022, there was $204.2 million of unamortized stock-based compensation cost related to unvested RSUs, which was expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted average life of 6.23 years.
Stock Options
The Stock Plans and the 2021 Plan provide for the grant of incentive and nonstatutory stock options to employees, non-employee directors and consultants of the Company. Under the Stock Plans and the 2021 Plan, the exercise price of incentive stock options must be equal to at least 110 % of the fair market value of the common stock on the grant date for a “10-percent holder” or 100 % of the fair market value of the common stock on the grant date for any other participant. The exercise price of nonstatutory options granted must be equal to at least 100 % of the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant.
The Company has only granted options under the Stock Plans. Options typically vest over four years
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recorded as a liability. These repurchase terms are considered to be a forfeiture provision and do not result in variable accounting. During each of the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company repurchased an immaterial amount of exercised restricted common stock. There were no repurchases of exercised restricted common stock during the year ended December 31, 2021.
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, there were 393,251 and 813,311 shares subject to repurchase, respectively, related to unvested stock options that had been early exercised. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded a liability related to shares subject to repurchase of $0.6 million and $1.3 million, respectively, which is included within Accrued expenses and other liabilities in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. These amounts are reclassified to common stock and additional paid in capital as the underlying shares vest.
A summary of the Company's stock option activity was as follows:
| Shares | Weighted average exercise price per share | Weighted average remaining contractual life (in years) | |||||||||||||||
Outstanding at December 31, 2022 | $ | ||||||||||||||||
| Options granted | $ | ||||||||||||||||
| Options exercised | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Options cancelled/forfeited/expired | ( | $ | |||||||||||||||
Outstanding at December 31, 2023 | $ | ||||||||||||||||
Exercisable at December 31, 2023 | $ | ||||||||||||||||
The total pretax intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $1.3 million, $10.9 million and $80.7 million, respectively. The total pretax intrinsic value of options outstanding at December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $8.9 million, $46.0 million and $302.8 million, respectively. The intrinsic value is the difference between the estimated fair market value of the Company’s common stock at the date of exercise and the exercise price for in-the-money options. No options were granted during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. The weighted average grant date fair value of options granted during the year ended December 31, 2021 was $6.87 .
The total grant date fair value of options vested during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, was $3.4 million, $3.9 million, and $3.4 million, respectively.
As of December 31, 2023, there was $4.1 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation cost related to unvested stock options, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 0.75 years. As of December 31, 2022, there was $8.1 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation cost related to unvested stock options, which was expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.21 years. As of December 31, 2021, there was $13.2 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation cost related to unvested stock options, which was expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.70 years.
Cash received from option exercises and purchases of shares under the Stock Plans for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $0.3 million, $0.8 million and $3.5 million, respectively.
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Prior to the IPO, the fair value of option grants was estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions:
Year ended December 31, | |||||
| 2021 | |||||
| Fair value of common stock per share | $ | ||||
| Exercise price per share | $ | ||||
Expected dividend yield (1) | % | ||||
Risk-free interest rate (2) | % | ||||
Expected volatility (3) | % | ||||
Expected life (in years) (4) | |||||
(1)The Company has no history or expectation of paying cash dividends on its common stock.
(2)The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield for a term consistent with the expected life of the awards in effect at the time of grant.
(3)The Company estimates the volatility of its common stock at the date of grant based on the expected weighted-average volatility for a group of publicly traded companies in a similar industry or with similar service offerings, with a term of one year or greater. There have been no grants of stock options after the completion of the IPO.
(4)The expected life of stock options granted under the option plans is determined using the simplified method, which deems the expected life to be the average of the time-to-vesting and the contractual life of the stock-based awards. The expected life represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding.
Stock-Based Compensation
The following table summarizes the stock-based compensation expense recognized for options granted under the 2009 Stock Plan, options and RSUs granted under the 2019 Stock Plan, RSUs granted under the 2021 Plan and matching shares issued under the Matching Plan (in thousands):
| Year ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| Stock options | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Matching shares | |||||||||||||||||
| Restricted stock units | |||||||||||||||||
| Total stock-based compensation | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
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Stock-based compensation expense is allocated based on the cost center to which the award holder spent time during the reported periods. Stock-based compensation is included in the following components of expenses on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations (in thousands):
| Year ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenue, net | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Research and development | |||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | |||||||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing | |||||||||||||||||
| Total stock-based compensation expense | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation capitalized as internally developed software costs was $3.1 million, $1.8 million and $0.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
For RSUs granted in September 2021, the Company recorded cumulative stock-based compensation expense of approximately $2.9 million upon the date of the performance condition being satisfied on November 9, 2021. The remaining stock-based compensation expense is recognized over the vesting period using an accelerated graded method.
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NOTE 10 – INCOME TAXES
The components of the Company's loss before taxes consisted of the following (in thousands):
| Year ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| Domestic | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||
| Foreign | |||||||||||||||||
| Total loss before taxes | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||
The components of the Company’s (provision for) benefit from income taxes are as follows (in thousands):
| Year ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| Current: | |||||||||||||||||
| Federal | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||
| State | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Foreign | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Deferred: | |||||||||||||||||
| Federal | |||||||||||||||||
| State | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Foreign | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| ( | |||||||||||||||||
| Total (provision for) benefit from income taxes | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ||||||||||||
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A reconciliation of the U.S. statutory federal income tax rate to the Company's effective income tax rate is as follows:
| Year ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| Statutory rate | % | % | % | ||||||||||||||
| State tax | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Research and development credit | |||||||||||||||||
| GILTI | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Foreign tax credit | |||||||||||||||||
| Rate differentials for controlled foreign corporations and charitable organizations | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Permanent items and others | ( | ||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Change in valuation allowance | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| 162(m) limitation | ( | ( | ( | ||||||||||||||
| Effective income tax rate | ( | % | ( | % | % | ||||||||||||
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Significant components of the Company's deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows (in thousands):
| As December 31, | |||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | ||||||||||
| Deferred tax assets: | |||||||||||
| Net operating loss carryforwards | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Tax credit carryforwards | |||||||||||
| Accruals and reserves | |||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | |||||||||||
| Interest expense limitation | |||||||||||
| Lease liabilities | |||||||||||
| Charitable contributions | |||||||||||
| Property and equipment | |||||||||||
| Capitalized research and development | |||||||||||
| Total deferred tax assets | |||||||||||
| Less: valuation allowance | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Deferred tax assets net of valuation allowance | |||||||||||
| Deferred tax liabilities: | |||||||||||
| Capitalized software development costs | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use assets | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Capitalized commissions | ( | ||||||||||
| Total deferred tax liabilities | ( | ( | |||||||||
| Deferred tax assets, net | $ | $ | |||||||||
The TCJA requires taxpayers to capitalize and amortize research and experimental ("R&D") expenditures under Internal Revenue Code Section 174 for tax years beginning after December 31, 2021. This rule became effective for the Company during the year ended December 31, 2022 and resulted in the capitalization of R&D costs of $21.3 million and $16.5 million during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and are offset by a valuation allowance as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. The Company will amortize these costs for tax purposes over five years for R&D performed in the U.S. and over 15 years for R&D performed outside of the U.S.
Under the provisions of ASC 740, Income Taxes, the Company assessed its ability to realize the benefits of its deferred tax assets by evaluating all available positive and negative evidence, objective and subjective in nature, including cumulative results of operations in recent years, sources of recent pre-tax income, projected reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, and estimates of future taxable income. As of December 31, 2023, the Company concluded it is more likely than not that the Company will not have the ability to realize the benefits of its domestic deferred tax assets in excess of existing taxable temporary differences and therefore recorded a valuation allowance on the remaining domestic deferred tax assets.
As of December 31, 2023, the Company had $1.3 million available NOL carryforwards for state tax purposes of which expires in 2043. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had utilized all available NOL
125
carryforwards for U.S. federal and state tax purposes. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had state research and development tax credit carryforwards of $1.1 million. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had state research and development tax credit carryforwards of $0.9 million. The state tax credits do not expire and will carry forward indefinitely until utilized.
The Company follows the provisions of ASC 740-10, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes. ASC 740-10 prescribes a comprehensive model for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure in financial statements of uncertain tax positions that have been taken or expected to be taken on a tax return. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded an uncertain tax position liability of $1.5 million and $1.2 million respectively, within Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
As of December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company had $2.1 million, $1.8 million and $1.7 million of unrecognized tax benefits, respectively. Approximately $1.5 million and $1.2 million of the unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate. A reconciliation of the amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows (in thousands):
| Year ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| Balance as of January 1 | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Additions based on tax positions related to current year | |||||||||||||||||
| Additions based on tax positions of prior year | ( | ( | |||||||||||||||
| Balance as of December 31 | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
The Company recognizes penalties and interest expense related to income taxes as a component of tax expense. There are immaterial amounts of interest and penalties recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 and in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. The Company anticipates that it is reasonably possible its unrecognized benefits will decrease by $0.3 million, exclusive of interest and penalties, within 2024 mainly due to the expiration of statute of limitations.
The Company's federal and state returns for the tax years ended from December 2018 to December 2023 remain open to examination.
NOTE 11 – NET LOSS PER SHARE
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share (in thousands, except share and per share data):
| Year ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| Numerator | |||||||||||||||||
| Net loss, basic and diluted | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||
| Denominator | |||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average shares of common stock used to compute net loss per share, basic and diluted | |||||||||||||||||
| Net loss per share, basic and diluted | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||||||
126
The rights, including the liquidation and dividend rights, of the holders of Class A, LT10 and LT50 common stock are identical, except with respect to voting, conversion and transfer rights. Each share of Class A common stock is entitled to one vote per share, each share of LT10 common stock is entitled to 10 votes per share and each share of LT50 common stock is entitled to 50 votes per share. Each share of LT10 and LT50 common stock is convertible into one share of Class A common stock voluntarily at the option of the holder after the satisfaction of certain requirements, which includes a 10 -month notice period for LT10 common stock and a 50 -month notice period for LT50 common stock to convert to Class A common stock, or automatically upon certain events. The Class A common stock has no conversion rights. As the liquidation and dividend rights are identical for Class A, LT10 and LT50 common stock, the undistributed earnings are allocated on a proportional basis based on the number of weighted-average shares within each class of common stock during the period and the resulting net loss per share attributable to common stockholders will be the same for the Class A, LT10 and LT50 common stock on an individual or combined basis.
The following potentially dilutive shares were not included in the calculation of diluted shares outstanding as the effect would have been anti-dilutive:
| Year ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| Warrants | |||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average stock options | |||||||||||||||||
| Matching shares | |||||||||||||||||
| Convertible preferred stock | |||||||||||||||||
| Total | |||||||||||||||||
NOTE 12 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Litigation
From time to time in the normal course of business, the Company may be involved in claims, proceedings and litigation. In the case of any litigation, the Company records a provision for a liability when management believes that it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company reviews these provisions at least quarterly and adjusts provisions to reflect the impact of negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel and other information and events pertaining to a particular case.
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, there were no legal contingency matters, either individually or in aggregate, that would have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Indemnification Agreements
In the ordinary course of business, we enter into agreements of varying scope and terms whereby we agree to indemnify customers, issuing banks, card networks, vendors and other parties with respect to certain matters, including, but not limited to, losses arising out of the breach of such agreements, services to be provided by us or from intellectual property infringement claims made by third parties. In addition, we have entered into indemnification agreements with our directors and certain officers and employees that will require us, among other things, to indemnify them against certain liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors, officers or employees. No demands have been made upon us to provide indemnification under such agreements and there are no claims that we are aware of that could
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have a material effect on our Consolidated Balance Sheets, Consolidated Statements of Operations, Consolidated Statements of Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity (Deficit), or Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
NOTE 13 – EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
401(k) Plan
In fiscal 2009, the Company sponsored a U.S. 401(k) defined contribution plan covering eligible employees who elect to participate. The Company is allowed to make discretionary profit sharing and 401(k) matching contributions as defined in the plan and as approved by the Board of Directors. Effective January 1, 2018, the Company matches up to 4.50 % of each participant’s eligible compensation. No 0.9 million, $0.8 million and $0.7 million, respectively.
NOTE 14 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 Expensify, Inc. contributed $0.3 million, $2.4 million and $3.1 million, respectively, to its established standalone entity, Expensify.org. There were no commitments from Expensify, Inc. that remained open for contribution as of December 31, 2023 and an immaterial amount as of December 31, 2022.
During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company incurred sales and marketing expenses of $0.4 million, related to partner payouts and advertising fees paid to CPA.com. CPA.com is considered a related party to the Company as Timothy L. Christen, the Chairman of the Company's Audit Committee in addition to being a Director on the Company's Board of Directors, also serves as a Director on CPA.com's Board of Directors.
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Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
EVALUATION OF DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act), as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information we are required to disclose in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures, and is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Based on such evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer have concluded that as of December 31, 2023, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level.
MANAGEMENT'S ANNUAL REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act). Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP.
Our management, under the supervision of our chief executive officer and our chief financial officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023 based on the framework in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013), issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this evaluation, management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2023.
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023 has been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in its report included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
CHANGES IN INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rules 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act that occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2023 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
LIMITATIONS OF EFFECTIVENESS OF CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.
Item 9B. Other Information
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Insider Trading Arrangements
Trading Arrangement | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Action | Date | Rule 10b5-1(1) | Non-Rule 10b5-1(2) | Total Shares to be Sold | Expiration Date | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
X | October 10, 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
X | September 15, 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Intended to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5-1(c).
(2)Not intended to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5-1(c).
(3)Trading arrangement was originally adopted June 10, 2022 .
(4)The actual number of shares sold under the trading plan will depend on the current share price when sales occur, this estimation is based on the closing share price on February 8, 2024.
Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections
Not applicable.
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Part III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
The following information with respect to our board of directors and executive officers is presented as of February 26, 2024:
Name | Age | Position at Expensify | Principal Employment | |||||||||||||||||
| David Barrett | 47 | Chief Executive Officer and Director | Chief Executive Officer of Expensify | |||||||||||||||||
| Ryan Schaffer | 37 | Chief Financial Officer and Director | Chief Financial Officer of Expensify | |||||||||||||||||
| Anuradha Muralidharan | 40 | Chief Operating Officer and Director | Chief Operating Officer of Expensify | |||||||||||||||||
| Jason Mills | 42 | Chief Product Officer and Director | Chief Product Officer of Expensify | |||||||||||||||||
| Daniel Vidal | 35 | Chief Strategy Officer and Director | Chief Strategy Officer of Expensify | |||||||||||||||||
| Timothy Christen | 65 | Director | Chairman of the Board at Mayville Engineering Company, a value-added manufacturer providing prototyping and tooling, production fabrication, coating, assembly, and aftermarket services across diverse industries | |||||||||||||||||
| Ellen Pao | 54 | Director | Cofounder and Chief Executive Officer of Project Include, a nonprofit advocating for diversity, equity and inclusion in technology companies | |||||||||||||||||
| Ying (Vivian) Liu | 48 | Director | Chief Operating Officer and Chief Financial Officer of ContextLogic, Inc. (d/b/a Wish), a mobile e-commerce platform | |||||||||||||||||
The other information required by this Item will be set forth in, and is incorporated by reference to, our 2024 Proxy Statement (the “2024 Proxy Statement”) to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after December 31, 2023.
151
Item 11. Executive Compensation
The information required by this Item will be set forth in, and is incorporated by reference to, the 2024 Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after December 31, 2023.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
The information required by this Item will be set forth in, and is incorporated by reference to, the 2024 Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after December 31, 2023.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
The information required by this Item will be set forth in, and is incorporated by reference to, the 2024 Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after December 31, 2023.
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
The information required by this Item will be set forth in, and is incorporated by reference to, the 2024 Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after December 31, 2023.
152
Part IV
Item 15. Exhibit and Financial Statement Schedules
(a) The following documents are refiled as part of this report:
1.Financial Statements
See Index to Financial Statements in Item 8 of this report.
2.Financial Statement Schedules
All financial statement schedules have been omitted as the information is not required under the related instructions or is not applicable or because the information required is already included in the financial statements or the notes to those financial statements.
3.Exhibits
The documents set forth below are filed herewith or incorporated herein by reference to the location indicated.
| Incorporated by Reference | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exhibit No. | Name | Form | File No. | Exhibit | Filing Date | ||||||||||||||||||
| 3.1* | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3.2 | 8-K | 001-41043 | 3.2 | November 15, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 4.1 | S-1/A | 333-260297 | 4.1 | November 01, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 4.2 | S-1/A | 333-260297 | 4.2 | October 18, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||
4.3* | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 9.1 | 10-K | 001-41043 | 9.1 | March 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 10.1 | S-1/A | 333-260297 | 10.1 | October 18, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||
10.2 | 8-K | 001-41043 | 10.1 | February 22, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||
10.3 | S-1/A | 333-260297 | 10.2 | October 18, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||
153
10.4† | S-1/A | 333-260297 | 10.3 | October 18, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||
10.5† | S-1/A | 333-260297 | 10.4 | October 18, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||
10.6† | S-1/A | 333-260297 | 10.5 | October 18, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||
10.7† | S-1/A | 333-260297 | 10.6 | November 01, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||
10.8† | S-1/A | 333-260297 | 10.7 | November 01, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||
10.9† | S-1/A | 333-260297 | 10.8 | November 01, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||
10.10† | S-1/A | 333-260297 | 10.9 | November 01, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||
10.11† | S-1/A | 333-260297 | 10.10 | November 01, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||
10.12† | S-1/A | 333-260297 | 10.11 | November 01, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||
10.13† | S-1/A | 333-260297 | 10.12 | November 01, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||
10.14† | S-1/A | 333-260297 | 10.13 | November 01, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||
10.15† | S-1/A | 333-260297 | 10.14 | November 01, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||
10.16† | S-1/A | 333-260297 | 10.15 | November 01, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||
10.17† | S-1/A | 333-260297 | 10.16 | November 01, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||
10.18† | S-1/A | 333-260297 | 10.17 | November 01, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||
10.19† | S-1/A | 333-260297 | 10.18 | November 01, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||
10.20† | 10-K | 001-41043 | 10.19 | March 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||
10.21† | S-1/A | 333-260297 | 10.20 | November 01, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||
10.22† | S-1/A | 333-260297 | 10.21 | November 01, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||
10.23† | S-1/A | 333-260297 | 10.22 | November 01, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||
10.24† | S-1/A | 333-260297 | 10.23 | November 01, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||
21.1* | |||||||||||||||||||||||
23.1* | |||||||||||||||||||||||
154
31.1* | |||||||||||||||||||||||
31.2* | |||||||||||||||||||||||
32.1** | |||||||||||||||||||||||
32.2** | |||||||||||||||||||||||
97.1* | |||||||||||||||||||||||
101.INS* | Inline XBRL Instance Document. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
101.SCH* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
101.CAL* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
101.DEF* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
101.PRE* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkable Document. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
104* | Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document). | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| * | Filed herewith. | ||||
| † | Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement. | ||||
| ** | Furnished herewith. The certifications attached as Exhibits 32.1 and 32.2 that accompany this Annual Report on Form 10-K are deemed furnished and not filed with the SEC and are not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Company under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, whether made before or after the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing. | ||||
Item 16. Form 10-K Summary
None.
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Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
EXPENSIFY, INC. | |||||||||||
By: | /s/ David Barrett | ||||||||||
David Barrett | |||||||||||
Chief Executive Officer | |||||||||||
Date: February 26, 2024 | |||||||||||
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signature | Title | Date | ||||||||||||
| /s/ David Barrett | Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer) | February 26, 2024 | ||||||||||||
David Barrett | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ Ryan Schaffer | Chief Financial Officer and Director (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) | February 26, 2024 | ||||||||||||
Ryan Schaffer | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ Anuradha Muralidharan | Director | February 26, 2024 | ||||||||||||
Anuradha Muralidharan | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ Daniel Vidal | Director | February 26, 2024 | ||||||||||||
Daniel Vidal | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ Jason Mills | Director | February 26, 2024 | ||||||||||||
Jason Mills | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ Tim Christen | Director | February 26, 2024 | ||||||||||||
Tim Christen | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ Ellen Pao | Director | February 26, 2024 | ||||||||||||
Ellen Pao | ||||||||||||||
| /s/ Ying (Vivian) Liu | Director | February 26, 2024 | ||||||||||||
Ying (Vivian) Liu | ||||||||||||||