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SUMMARY OF RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS (Policies)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
SUMMARY OF RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS  
Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates:   To prepare financial statements in conformity with GAAP, management makes estimates and assumptions based on available information. These estimates and assumptions affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and the disclosures provided, and actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash Flows

Cash Flows:   Cash and cash equivalents are defined as cash on hand and amounts due from banks and money market funds. Net cash flows are reported for customer loan and deposit transactions, and other investments.

Securities

Securities:   Debt securities are classified as held-to-maturity and carried at amortized cost when management has the positive intent and ability to hold them to maturity. Debt securities are classified as available-for-sale (“AFS”) when they might be sold before maturity. Securities available for sale are carried at fair value, with unrealized holding gains and losses reported in other comprehensive income, net of tax. Equity securities with readily determinable fair value are carried at fair value, with change in fair value reported in net income.

On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted a new accounting standard for Financial Instruments (ASU 2016-01), which required equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the investee) to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. Upon adoption, equity securities previously classified as available-for-sale are presented separately on the balance sheet as equity securities. The amount of unrealized gain (loss), net of tax, related to these securities was reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings as of January 1, 2019. Upon adoption, the amendments related equity securities without readily determinable fair values (including disclosure requirements) are being applied prospectively to equity investments that existed at January 1, 2019.

Interest income includes amortization of purchase premium or discount. Premiums and discounts on securities are amortized on the level yield method without anticipating prepayments, except for mortgage-backed securities where prepayments are anticipated. Gains and losses on sales are recorded on the trade date and determined using the specific identification method. Gains and losses on sales of securities are recognized in the consolidated statements of operations upon sale.

Management evaluates AFS securities for other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) on at least a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market conditions warrant such an evaluation. For securities in an unrealized loss position, management considers the extent and duration of the unrealized loss, and the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer. Management also assesses whether it intends to sell, or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell, a security in an unrealized loss position before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the entire difference between amortized cost and fair value is recognized as impairment through earnings. For securities that do not meet the aforementioned criteria, the amount of impairment is split into two components as follows: 1) OTTI related to credit loss, which must be recognized in the statement of operations and 2) OTTI related to other factors, which is recognized in other comprehensive income. The credit loss is defined as the difference between the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected and the amortized cost basis.

Accounts Receivable & Receivable from Prepaid Card Programs, Net

Accounts Receivable & Receivable from Prepaid Card Programs, Net: Accounts receivables, net, primarily consist of the Bank’s in-transit items, trade receivables from prepaid debit card programs and other receivables. Receivables from prepaid card programs are predominantly government scheduled payments including financial assistance programs and pensions.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition:  Most of the Company’s revenue is derived from interest income on loans. Any revenues from contracts with customers, which are not exempt from the accounting requirements under Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2014‑09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, are accounted for using the five-step method prescribed by the ASU. These revenue items are debit card income, service charges on deposit accounts and other service charges. In accordance with the ASU, revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised services. The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for these services. The Company applies the following five steps to properly recognize revenue: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (iii) determine the transaction price, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation.

Technology Costs

Technology Costs: Technology costs are primarily comprised of licensing fees on certain deposit accounts held by bankruptcy trustees.  These accounts require the use of a software interface provided by a third party. Licensing fees amounted to $8.5 million and $1.0 million for 2019 and 2018, respectively. Bankruptcy accounts subject to the licensing fees amounted to $865.8 million and $80.8 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Transfers of Financial Assets

Transfers of Financial Assets:   Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales, when control over the assets has been relinquished. Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when the assets have been isolated from the Company, the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets, and the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity. Transfers of financial assets that do not meet the criteria to be accounted for as sales are recorded as secured borrowings.

Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses

Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses:   Loans receivable that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff are reported at their outstanding principal balances, adjusted for any charge-offs, the allowance for loan losses, and any deferred fees or costs on originated loans. Loan origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, are deferred and recognized in interest income using the level-yield method without anticipating prepayments.

The allowance for loan losses is maintained at an amount management deems adequate to cover probable incurred credit losses. In determining the level to be maintained, management evaluates many factors, including current economic trends, industry experience, historical loss experience, loan concentrations, the borrower’s ability to repay and repayment performance and estimated collateral values. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectibility of a loan balance is confirmed. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. Allocations of the allowance may be made for specific loans, but the entire allowance is available for any loan that, in management’s judgment, should be charged off. The allowance consists of specific and general components. The specific component relates to loans that are individually classified as impaired.

A loan is considered to be impaired when it is probable that the Bank will be unable to collect all principal and interest amounts according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. If a loan is impaired, a portion of the allowance is allocated so that the loan is reported, net, at the present value of estimated future cash flows using the loan’s existing rate or at the fair value of collateral if repayment is expected solely from the collateral. All commercial and commercial real estate loans are individually evaluated for credit risk at least annually, and all classified loans are individually evaluated for impairment quarterly. Large groups of smaller balance homogenous loans such as residential real estate loans are collectively evaluated for impairment, and accordingly, are not separately evaluated for impairment disclosures unless the individual loan is classified.

Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value, and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record, and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed.

When a loan is modified and concessions have been made to the original contractual terms, such as reductions in interest rate or deferral of interest or principal payments, due to the borrower’s financial condition, the modification is known as a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”). TDRs are separately identified for impairment disclosures and are measured at the present value of estimated future cash flows using the loan’s effective rate at inception. If a TDR is considered to be a collateral dependent loan, the loan is reported, net, at the fair value of the collateral. For TDRs that subsequently default, the Bank determines the amount of reserve in accordance with the accounting policy for the allowance for loan losses.

The general component of the allowance covers non-impaired loans and is based on historical loss experience adjusted for current factors. The historical loss experience is determined by portfolio segment and is based on the actual loss history experienced by the Bank over a rolling two-year period. This actual loss experience is supplemented with other economic factors based on the risks present for each portfolio segment. These economic factors include consideration of the following: levels of and trends in delinquencies and impaired loans; levels of and trends in charge-offs and recoveries; trends in volume and terms of loans; effects on any changes in risk selection and underwriting standards; other changes in lending policies, procedures, and practices; experience, ability, and depth of lending management and other relevant staff; national and local economic trends and conditions; industry conditions; and effects of changes in credit concentrations. The following portfolio segments have been identified: Construction loans, Commercial Real Estate loans, Multi-Family loans, One-to-Four Family loans, Commercial & Industrial loans and Consumer loans.

The risk characteristics of each of the identified portfolio segments are as follows:

Construction — Construction financing is generally considered to involve a higher degree of risk of loss than long-term financing on improved, occupied real estate. Risk of loss on a construction loan depends largely upon the accuracy of the initial estimate of the property’s value at completion of construction and the estimated cost of construction. During the construction phase, a number of factors could result in delays and cost overruns. If the estimate of construction costs proves to be inaccurate, additional funds may be required to be advanced in excess of the amount originally committed to permit completion of the building.

If the estimate of value proves to be inaccurate, the value of the building may be insufficient to assure full repayment if liquidation is required. If foreclosure is required on a building before or at completion due to a default, there can be no assurance that all of the unpaid balance of, and accrued interest on, the loan as well as related foreclosure and holding costs will be recovered.

Commercial Real Estate — Commercial real estate loans are secured by nonresidential real estate and generally have larger balances and involve a greater degree of risk than residential real estate loans. Repayment of commercial real estate loans depends on the total cash flow analysis of the borrower and the net operating income of the property, the borrower’s expertise, credit history and profitability, and the value of the underlying property. Of primary concern in commercial real estate lending is the borrower’s creditworthiness and the cash flows from the property. Payments on loans secured by income properties often depend on successful operation and management of the properties. As a result, repayment of such loans may be subject, to a greater extent than residential real estate loans, to adverse conditions in the real estate market or the economy. Commercial real estate is also subject to adverse market conditions that cause a decrease in market value or lease rates, obsolescence in location or function and market conditions associated with oversupply of units in a specific region.

Multi-family — Multi-family real estate loans are secured by multi-family real estate and generally have larger balances and involve a greater degree of risk than residential real estate loans. Repayment of multi-family real estate loans depends on the cash flow analysis of the property, occupancy rates, and unemployment rates, combined with the net operating income of the property, the borrower’s expertise, credit history and profitability, and the value of the underlying property. Payments on these loans depend on successful operation and management of the properties, and repayment of such loans may be subject to adverse conditions in the real estate market or the economy.

One-to-Four Family — One-to-four family loans are generally made on the basis of the borrower’s ability to make repayment from his or her employment income or other income, and which are secured by real property whose value tends to be more easily ascertainable. Repayment of one-to-four family loans is subject to adverse employment conditions in the local economy leading to increased default rates and decreased market values from oversupply in a geographic area. In general, these loans depend on the borrower’s continuing financial stability and, therefore, are likely to be adversely affected by various factors, including job loss, divorce, illness, or personal bankruptcy. Furthermore, the application of various federal and state laws, including federal and state bankruptcy and insolvency laws, may limit the amount that can be recovered on such loans.

Commercial & Industrial — Commercial & Industrial loans are generally of higher risk and typically are made on the basis of the borrower’s ability to make repayment from the cash flows of the borrower’s business. As a result, the availability of funds for the repayment of commercial loans may depend substantially on the success of the business itself. Furthermore, any collateral securing such loans may depreciate over time, may be difficult to appraise, and may fluctuate in value.

Consumer — The Bank purchases loans made to licensed medical professionals on an unsecured basis. Consumer loans are comprised of these loans and student loans. As a result, repayment of such loans are subject, to a greater extent than loans secured by collateral, to the financial condition of the borrower.

While management uses available information to recognize losses on loans, future additions to the allowance may be necessary, based on changes in economic conditions or any other factors used in management’s determination. In addition, various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review the Bank’s allowance for loan losses. Such agencies may require the Bank to recognize additions to the allowance based on their judgments about information available to them at the time of their examination.

Interest income on loans is accrued and credited to operations based upon the principal amounts outstanding. Loans are placed on non-accrual when a loan is specifically determined to be impaired or when principal or interest is delinquent for 90 days or more. Delinquent status is based on the contractual terms of the loan. Any unpaid interest previously accrued on those loans is reversed from income. Interest payments received on such loans are applied as a reduction of the loan principal balance when the collectability of principal, wholly or partially, is in doubt. Interest payments received may be deferred on nonaccrual loans in which the principal balance is deemed to be collectible. Interest income is recognized when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and the loans are returned to accrual status.

Goodwill

Goodwill:   Goodwill and certain other intangibles generally arise from business combinations accounted for under the purchase method of accounting. Goodwill and other intangibles deemed to have indefinite lives generated from business combinations are not subject to amortization and are instead tested for impairment not less than annually or more frequently if events and circumstances exist that indicate that a goodwill impairment test should be performed. The Company has selected December 31 as the date to perform the annual impairment test.

The goodwill of $9.7 million is associated with a purchase of the prepaid third-party debit card business. The Company performed an impairment assessment and determined that no impairment of goodwill existed as of December 31, 2019 or 2018.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation:   Compensation cost is recognized for stock options, restricted stock awards and restricted stock units, based on the fair value of these awards at the date of grant. A Black-Scholes model is utilized to estimate the fair value of options. The market price of the Company’s common stock at the date of grant is used for restricted stock awards and restricted stock units. Compensation cost is recognized over the required service period, generally defined as the vesting period. For awards with graded vesting, compensation cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award.

The Company also awards performance-based restricted stock units (“PRSUs”) to employees. The PRSUs are classified as either equity or liability, depending on certain criteria provided in ASC 718, Stock Based Compensation. This classification affects whether the measurement of fair value is fixed (i.e., measured only once) on the grant date or whether fair value will be remeasured each reporting period until settled. On the grant date, the estimate of equity-classified awards’ fair value would be fixed, the cumulative amount of previously recognized compensation cost would be adjusted, and the Company would no longer have to remeasure the award. If the award is liability-classified, the awards would continue to be marked to fair value each reporting period until settlement. The Company recognizes compensation cost for awards with performance conditions if and when it concludes that it is probable that the performance conditions will be achieved. The Company assesses the probability of vesting (i.e. that the performance conditions will be met) at each reporting period and, if required, adjusts compensation cost based on its probability assessment.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

Concentrations of Credit Risk:   Financial instruments, which potentially subject the Bank to concentration of credit risk, consist primarily of temporary cash investments including due from banks, interest-bearing deposits with banks and real estate loans receivable. A significant portion of real estate loans are collateralized by property in the New York Metropolitan area. The ultimate collectability of these loans may be susceptible to changes in the real estate market in this area.

Premises and Equipment

Premises and Equipment:   Premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is computed over the estimated useful lives of the assets by the straight-line method with useful lives ranging from three to ten years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the terms of the respective leases or the estimated lives of the improvements.

Other Investments

Other Investments:   Other investments includes Federal Reserve Bank (“FRB”) stock, Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) stock and investments in the Solomon Hess SBA Loan Fund (“SBA Loan Fund”). Other investments also include a $500,000 investment in The Disability Opportunity Fund, which is an equity equivalent investment to a community development financial institution. The investment was made by the Bank in 2018.The Bank is a member of the FRB and the FHLB systems. Members are required to own a certain amount of stock based on the level of borrowings and other factors. FRB and FHLB stock are carried at cost, classified as a restricted security, and periodically evaluated for impairment based on ultimate recovery of par value. Both cash and stock dividends are reported as income. The investment in the SBA Fund is recorded at cost and periodically evaluated for impairment. The Company held FRB and FHLB stock of  $7.3 million and $8.1 million, respectively, and an SBA Loan Fund investment of  $5.0 million as of December 31, 2019. As of December 31, 2018, the Company held FRB and FHLB stock of $7.3 million and $9.5 million, respectively, and an SBA loan Fund investment of $5.0 million. 

Comprehensive Income

Comprehensive Income:   Comprehensive income consists of net income and other comprehensive income (loss). Other comprehensive income (loss) includes unrealized gains and losses on securities available for sale which are also recognized as separate components of equity.

Restrictions on Cash

Restrictions on Cash:  Cash on hand or on deposit with the FRB was required to meet regulatory reserve and clearing requirements. Also included in cash was $10.6 million and $9.4 million of cash held in escrow and collateral accounts for third-party debit card program managers as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Earnings per Common Share

Earnings per Common Share:   Basic earnings per common share is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the applicable period, excluding outstanding participating securities. Diluted earnings per common share is computed using the weighted average number shares determined for the basic computation plus the dilutive effect of potential common shares issuable under certain stock compensation plans. Unvested share-based awards that contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents (whether paid or unpaid) are participating securities and are included in the computation of earnings per share pursuant to the two-class method. The Company has determined that its outstanding non-vested stock awards are participating securities and that its outstanding non-vested restricted stock units and PRSUs are non-participating securities.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes:   Income tax expense is the total of the current year income tax due or refundable and the change in deferred tax assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities as measured by the enacted tax rates which will be in effect when these differences reverse. The primary temporary difference relates to the allowance for loan losses. A valuation allowance is recorded, as necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to an estimated amount expected to be realized.

A tax position is recognized as a benefit only if it is “more likely than not” that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax examination being presumed to occur. The amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized on examination. For tax positions not meeting the “more likely than not” test, no tax benefit is recorded.

The Company recognizes interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense.

Loan Commitments and Related Financial Instruments

Loan Commitments and Related Financial Instruments:   Financial instruments include off-balance sheet credit instruments, such as commitments to make loans and commercial letters of credit, issued to meet customer financing needs. The face amount for these items represents the exposure to loss, before considering customer collateral or ability to repay. Such financial instruments are recorded when they are funded.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair Value of Financial Instruments:   Fair values of financial instruments are estimated using relevant market information and other assumptions, as more fully disclosed in a separate note. Fair value estimates involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment regarding interest rates, credit risk, prepayments, and other factors, especially in the absence of broad markets for particular items. Changes in assumptions or in market conditions could significantly affect the estimates.

Loss Contingencies

Loss Contingencies:   Loss contingencies, including claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business, are recorded as liabilities when the likelihood of loss is probable and an amount or range of loss can be reasonably estimated. Management does not believe there now are such matters that will have a material effect on the financial statements.

Reclassifications

Reclassifications:   Some items in the prior year financial statements may have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation. Reclassification had no effect on prior year net income or stockholders’ equity.

Operating segments

Operating segments:   While department heads monitor the revenue streams of the various products and services, operations are managed and financial performance is evaluated on a Company-wide basis. Operating segments are aggregated into one as operating results for all segments are similar. Accordingly, all of the financial service operations are considered by management to be aggregated in one reportable operating segment.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Recently Issued Accounting Standards: Pursuant to the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (“JOBS Act”), an Emerging Growth Company (“EGC”) is permitted to elect to adopt new accounting guidance using adoption dates of nonpublic entities. The Company elected delayed effective dates of recently issued accounting standards.