b. Use of Estimates

The preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Estimates are used for, but not limited to, revenue recognition, incentives earned from vendors, allowance for credit losses, investment valuation, valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, and stock-based compensation. Actual results could differ from such estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

d. Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist primarily of cash on deposit, certificates of deposit, and money market accounts. Cash equivalents are all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less. The Company maintains its cash in bank deposits which, at times, may exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts. The Company believes it is not exposed to any significant credit risk of cash and cash equivalents. Amounts receivable from credit card processors are also considered cash equivalents as they are both short term and highly liquid in nature and are typically converted to cash within three business days. Amounts due to the Company from credit card processors that are classified as cash and cash equivalents totaled $13.0 million and $14.3 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Accounts Receivable

f. Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable consist primarily of vendor receivables, which do not bear interest, and represent amounts due for marketing development funds, cooperative advertising, price protection and other incentive programs offered to the Company by certain vendors. Accounts receivable also include receivables from business customers generally, on 30-day to 60-day credit terms. On January 1, 2020, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-13 (as amended through March 2020), Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The Company estimates the provision for credit losses based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Accounts receivables are written off when deemed uncollectible. Recoveries of accounts receivable previously written off are recorded when received. Amounts receivable from business customers were $19.4 million and $17.6 million, net of allowances of $1.0 million and $1.9 million, at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. See further discussion of amounts receivable related to vendor incentive programs under Incentives Earned from Vendors below.

Property and Equipment

h. Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated amortization and depreciation computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of each asset. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of the remaining lease term or the estimated useful life of the assets. Expenditures for repair and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred, and expenditures for major renewals and improvements are capitalized. Costs incurred during the application development stage of internal-use software and website development are capitalized and included in property and equipment. When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation or amortization are removed from the accounts, and any gain or loss is reflected in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. The useful lives for depreciable assets are as follows:

Buildings		20 – 39 years
Machinery and equipment		3 – 7 years
Computer and software		3 – 5 years
Leasehold improvements		Lesser of lease term or 10 years
Capitalized software		3 – 5 years
Furniture and fixtures		5– 7 years

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

j. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company evaluates the recoverability of long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The impairment test consists of two steps. The first step compares the carrying amount of the asset to the sum of expected undiscounted future cash flows. If the sum of expected undiscounted future cash flows exceeds the carrying amount of the asset, no impairment is taken. If the sum of expected undiscounted future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset, a second step is warranted and an impairment loss is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its fair value calculated using the present value of estimated net future cash flows. There have been no impairment losses recognized by the Company for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

l. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. To increase the comparability of fair value measures, a three-tier fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. These tiers include Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets; Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exist, therefore, requiring the Company to develop its own assumptions to determine the best estimate of fair value.

The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued and other liabilities approximate fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments. The carrying amounts of long-term debt and line of credit at December 31, 2022 and 2021 approximate fair value because the interest rate approximates the current market interest rate. The fair value of these financial instruments was determined using level 2 input.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

n. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Comprehensive income (loss) consists of net income (loss) and adjustments to stockholders’ equity for foreign currency translation adjustments. Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) consists entirely of foreign currency translation adjustments. The tax impact is not material to the consolidated financial statements.

Cost of Sales

p. Cost of Sales

The Company’s cost of sales represents the purchase price of the products it sells to its customers, offset by incentives earned from vendors, including marketing development funds and other vendor incentive programs. See further discussion of vendor payments under Incentives Earned from Vendors below. Cost of sales also includes freight-in and freight-out costs and charges related to refurbished, slow-moving, or obsolete inventory.

Incentives Earned from Vendors

r. Incentives Earned from Vendors

The Company participates in various vendor incentive programs that include, but are not limited to, purchasing-based volume discounts, sales-based volume incentives, marketing development funds, including for certain cooperative advertising, and price protection agreements. Vendor incentives are recognized in the consolidated statements of operations as an offset to marketing and promotional expenses to the extent that they represent reimbursement of advertising costs incurred by the Company on behalf of the vendors that are specific, incremental, and identifiable. Reimbursements that are in excess of such costs and all other vendor incentive programs are accounted for as a reduction of cost of sales, or if the related product inventory is still on hand at the reporting date, inventory is reduced in the consolidated balance sheets.

The Company reduced cost of sales by $224.3 million, $140.0 million and $135.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, for these vendor incentive programs. Reductions to advertising and promotional expenses related to direct reimbursements for costs incurred in advertising vendors’ products totaled $1.3 million, $1.5 million and $1.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Amounts receivable related to vendor incentive programs were $63.6 million and $41.5 million, net of allowances of $0.6 million and $0.6 million, at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Amounts due to the Company are included in accounts receivable in the consolidated balance sheets.

Advertising

t. Advertising

Advertising and promotional expenses are charged to operations when incurred and are included in selling, general, and administrative expenses. Advertising and promotional expenses for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 were $14.7 million, $32.8 million and $29.0 million, respectively.

Income Taxes

v. Income Taxes

The Company is subject to federal and state income taxes in the United States and taxes in foreign jurisdictions. In accordance with ASC Topic 740, the Company uses the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under the asset and liability method, deferred taxes are determined based on the temporary differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities, using tax rates expected to be in effect during the years in which the bases differences are expected to reverse. A valuation allowance is established against deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

The Company recognizes the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities based on the technical merits of the position. The Company measures the recognized tax benefit as the largest amount of tax benefit that has greater than a 50% likelihood of being realized upon the ultimate settlement with a taxing authority. The Company reverses a previously recognized tax benefit if it determines that the tax position no longer meets the more-likely-than-not threshold of being sustained. The Company accrues interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense.

Foreign Currency Translation

x. Foreign Currency Translation

The financial statements of foreign subsidiaries and affiliates where the local currency is the functional currency are translated into U.S. dollars using exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date for assets and liabilities and average exchange rates during the year for revenues and expenses. Any gain or loss on currency translation is included in stockholders’ equity as accumulated other comprehensive income.