(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: Promptly after the effective date of this registration statement.

† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.

The Registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to such Section 8(a), may determine.

The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell the securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and we are not soliciting any offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where such offer or sale is not permitted.

This prospectus relates to a public offering (the “Offering”) of [●] shares of Common Shares of Lianluo Smart Limited (which will be changed to Newegg Commerce, Inc. upon completion of this offering) in connection with simultaneous restructure transactions consisting of a proposed merger, which is a business combination under common control, (the “Merger”) and a proposed disposition (the “Disposition”, together with the Merger, the “Restructure”). Pursuant to the terms of the Merger, our wholly owned subsidiary, Lightning Delaware Sub, Inc., a Delaware company (the “Merger Sub”) will merge into Newegg Inc. (“Newegg”), a company incorporated under the laws of Delaware. Upon consummation of the Merger, Newegg will be the surviving entity and our wholly owned subsidiary. At the same time, pursuant to the terms of Disposition, we will sell all of the business, assets and liabilities of our wholly owned subsidiary, Lianluo Connection Medical Wearable Device Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (“Lianluo Connection”), a PRC company, to Beijing Fenjin Times Technology Development Co., Ltd. (“Fenjin Times”). The closing of the Restructure and this Offering is contingent on the closing of each other transaction. In connection with the Restructure and the Offering, we will amend our Memorandum and Articles of Associations to reflect, among other things, the share redesignation, the share combination, the share increase, certain rights of certain of our principal shareholders, and the name change upon the consummation of this Offering and Restructure (the Memorandum and Articles of Associations as amended, “Fifth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association”). We anticipate that the public offering price of our Common Shares will be $[●].

Upon the completion of the Restructure and this Offering, we will be a “controlled company” as defined under the NASDAQ Listing Rules because Mr. Zhitao He, the chairman of the board of directors of the post-closing issuer, will beneficially own [●] of our Common Shares and will be able to exercise [●]% of our total voting power assuming the underwriters do not exercise their over-allotment option, or [●]% of our total voting power if the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in full. For so long as we remain a controlled company under that definition, we are permitted to elect to rely, and may rely, on certain exemptions from corporate governance rules, including an exemption from the rule that a majority of our board of directors must be independent directors or that we have to establish a nominating committee and a compensation committee composed entirely of independent directors. As a result, you will not have the same protection afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to these corporate governance requirements.

In addition, upon closing of the Restructure and immediately prior to the Offering, Mr. Zhitao He and Mr. Fred Chang will own approximately 61.16% and 36.11%, respectively, of the voting power of our issued and outstanding common shares, and 97.26%, collectively. Moreover, Mr. Zhitao He and Mr. Fred Chang, both of whom will both serve as our directors upon closing, will be able to exercise substantial influence over our business and operations. They may also have a conflict of interests with the minority shareholders. Where those conflicts exist, the minority shareholders will be dependent upon Mr. He, Mr. Chang, and other directors exercising, in a manner fair to all of our shareholders, their fiduciary duties. Also, Mr. He and Mr. Chang will have the ability to control the outcome of most corporate actions requiring shareholder approval, including the sale of all or substantially all of our assets and amendments to our Memorandum and Articles of Association. Moreover, such concentration of voting power could have the effect of delaying, deterring, or preventing a change of control or other business combination, which may, in turn, have an adverse effect on the market price of our shares or prevent our minority shareholders from realizing a premium over the then-prevailing market price for their shares.

Furthermore, upon the completion of the Restructure and this Offering, the board of post-closing issuer shall consist of up to seven directors. Initially, four of the directors shall be appointed by Digital Grid (Hong Kong) Technology Co., Limited, which will own approximately [●]% of our total voting power upon completion of this Offering, and three of the directors shall be appointed by a “Minority Representative” which is selected by a majority of Newegg’s stockholders other than Digital Grid (the “Legacy Shareholders”). The Legacy Shareholders will collectively own approximately [●]% of our total voting power upon completion of this Offering. The initial Minority Representative is Fred Chang. The number of directors that Digital Grid and the Minority Representative are entitled to appoint will decrease proportionately with the decrease of the respective voting power of Digital Grid and the Legacy Shareholders pursuant to our Fifth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association. Any director positions which neither Digital Grid nor the Legacy Shareholders are entitled to appoint shall be appointed by the remaining directors, or by any other means allowed under the Fifth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association. Immediately upon closing of the Offering, you will have no right to appoint any director to our board.

On October 21, 2020, we filed the Fourth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association (the “Fourth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association”) to effectuate an one-for-eight reverse stock split of its authorized share capital, effective on October 21, 2020. Pursuant to the Fourth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association, we are authorized to 6,250,000 common shares of par value of $0.021848 each, of which 4,736,111 would be designated as Class A Common Shares of par value of $0.002731 each, and 1,513,889 be designated as Class B Common Shares of par value of $0.021848 each. In this registration statement, unless explicitly stated, such one-for-eight reverse stock split has been reflected in the shares numbers.

Our Class A Common Shares are listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “LLIT”. We are applying to change our symbol of our Common Shares to “NEGG”, effective upon the closing of this Offering. On December 8, 2020, the closing price of our Class A Common Shares was $4.46 per share.

Investing in our Common Shares involves a high degree of risk, including the risk of losing your entire investment. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 13 to read about factors you should consider before buying our Common Shares.

The underwriters are selling our Common Shares in this Offering on a firm commitment basis.

We do not intend to close this Offering unless the Restructure closes and the Common Shares is qualified for listing on NASDAQ.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission nor any other regulatory body has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

We and the underwriters have not authorized anyone to provide any information or to make any representations other than those contained in this prospectus or in any free writing prospectuses prepared by us or on our behalf or to which we have referred you. We take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. This prospectus is an offer to sell only the Common Shares offered hereby, but only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is lawful to do so. We are not making an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted or where the person making the offer or sale is not qualified to do so or to any person to whom it is not permitted to make such offer or sale. For the avoidance of doubt, no offer or invitation to subscribe for Common Shares is made to the public in the British Virgin Islands. The information contained in this prospectus is current only as of the date on the front cover of the prospectus. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since that date.

Unless otherwise indicated or the context requires otherwise, references in this prospectus to:

This prospectus contains forward-looking statements. A forward-looking statement is a projection about a future event or result, and whether the statement comes true is subject to many risks and uncertainties. These statements often can be identified by the use of terms such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “approximate” or “continue,” or the negative thereof. The actual results or activities of the Company will likely differ from projected results or activities of the Company as described in this prospectus, and such differences could be material.

Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause the actual results and performance of the Company to be different from any future results, performance and achievements expressed or implied by these statements. In other words, our performance might be quite different from what the forward-looking statements imply. You should review carefully all information included in this prospectus.

You should rely only on the forward-looking statements that reflect management’s view as of the date of this prospectus. We undertake no obligation to publicly revise or update these forward-looking statements to reflect subsequent events or circumstances. You should also carefully review the risk factors described in other documents we file from time to time with the SEC. The Private Securities Reform Act of 1995 contains a safe harbor for forward-looking statements on which the Company relies in making such disclosures. In connection with the “safe harbor,” we are hereby identifying important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements made by us or on our behalf. Factors that might cause such a difference include, but are not limited to, those discussed in the section entitled “Risk Factors.”

PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

This summary highlights certain information that appears elsewhere in this prospectus or in documents incorporated by reference herein, and this summary is qualified in its entirety by that more detailed information. This summary may not contain all of the information that may be important to you. We urge you to carefully read this entire prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein. As an investor or prospective investor, you should also review carefully the sections entitled “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors” in this prospectus.

Overview

The Restructure

Description of the Proposed Merger

Effective as of October 23, 2020, LLIT, Merger Sub, and Newegg entered into a merger agreement (the “Merger Agreement”). If the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement (“Merger”) are completed, Merger Sub will merge into Newegg and Newegg will be the surviving entity. LLIT will become the 100% owner of the surviving entity. Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, LLIT will issue an aggregate of approximately 363,325,542 Common Shares of the Company (the “Exchange Shares”) to the stockholders of Newegg. Each issued and outstanding shares of Newegg (excluding any shares owned by any stockholder of Newegg who has validly exercised its appraisal rights pursuant to Section 262 of the Delaware General Corporation Law) will be exchanged for a certain number of the Exchange Shares based on the LLIT Conversion Ratio. The “LLIT Conversion Ratio” shall equal to a calculated “Newegg Per Share Value” divided by a calculated “LLIT Per Share Value”. The “Newegg Per Share Value” shall equal $880,000,000 divided by the number of outstanding Newegg Shares on the date hereof. The “LLIT Per Share Value” shall equal (i) the volume-weighted average trading price of Class A Common Shares for the consecutive twenty (20) Trading Days immediately preceding October 16, 2020 minus (ii) (A) $3,500,000 (which shall be deposited into an escrow account) divided by (B) the number of Class A Common Shares and Class B Common Shares issued and outstanding on the execution date of the Merger Agreement.

In addition, as an inducement and a condition to the willingness of LLIT, Merger Sub and Newegg to enter into the Merger Agreement, and in consideration of the substantial expenses incurred and to be incurred by them in connection therewith, Two entities controlled by Zhitao He, Hangzhou Lianluo and Hyperfinite Galaxy Holding Limited, agreed to enter into certain support agreement with LLIT and Newegg to vote in the LLIT’s special shareholder meeting all their shares of LLIT, which represents 86.64% of total voting power as of the date of this registration statement, in favor of the Merger, the Disposition, and several amendments to LLIT’s current Memorandum and Articles of Association including the Share Redesignation, the Share Increase, the Share Combination, the Name Change and certain rights of the Principal Shareholders as discussed below. Ping Chen, who holds 11.75% of our Class A Common Shares and has 1.25% voting power in total as of date of this registration statement, also agreed to enter into the same support agreement separately with LLIT and Newegg.

The Company has placed $3,500,000 into a U.S. bank account designated by a third-party escrow agent mutually selected by the Company and Newegg. The escrow amount will be used solely to (i) defend, indemnify and hold harmless the parties to the merger agreement and each of their respective affiliates and representatives against, and satisfy any liabilities relating to, any actions relating to the securities purchase agreements dated February 12, 2020, February 21, 2020 and February 27, 2020 between the Company and certain investors or the Class A common share purchase warrants issued on February 12, 2020, February 25, 2020, and March 2, 2020, in each case as amended or restated and (ii) pay the amount of any fee that is payable from the Company to Newegg for termination of the merger agreement.

Prior to the Merger, Hangzhou Lianluo, through its wholly owned subsidiary Digital Grid (Hong Kong) Technology Co., Ltd. (“Digital Grid”), owns 61.33% of the equity interests of Newegg. In addition, prior to the Merger, Hangzhou Lianluo also holds 1,388,888 of our Class B Common Shares issued and outstanding, representing approximately 86.3% of the voting power of our Common Shares, as well as warrants exercisable for 125,000 Class B Common Shares. Hangzhou Lianluo is controlled by Mr. Zhitao He, our former Chairman and CEO, who currently serves as a director of Newegg and will be the chairman of the board of directors of the post-closing issuer.

Description of the Proposed Disposition

Lianluo Smart Limited, through its wholly owned PRC subsidiaries, has been engaged in the medical device business, currently focusing on the development, production and marketing of sleep respiratory analysis systems and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) devices in China (the “Medical Device Business”). As previously disclosed in the Form 6-K filed on August 14, 2020, on August 13, 2020, Lianluo Connection entered into that certain agreement with China Mine United Investment Group Co., Ltd. (“China Mine”), pursuant to which Lianluo Connection agreed to transfer its 100% equity interests in its wholly-owned PRC subsidiary, Beijing Dehaier, to China Mine for cash consideration of RMB 0. As of the date of this registration statement, Lianluo Connection, Lianluo Technology, and Merger Sub are the only subsidiaries of LLIT.

Effective as of October 23, 2020, the Company entered into an equity transfer agreement (the “Disposition Agreement”) with Beijing Fenjin Times Technology Development Co., Ltd. If the transactions contemplated by the Disposition Agreement are completed, the Company will sell all of the business, assets and liabilities of Lianluo Connection to Beijing Fenjin Times Technology Development Co., Ltd. (“Fenjin Times”) for cash consideration of $0. Fenjin Times also agreed to make contribution of RMB87.784 million to Lianluo Connection’s registered capital by September 23, 2023 and the Company agreed to convert the debt owed by Lianluo Connection to in an aggregate amount of $11,255,188.47 into additional paid-in capital of Lianluo Connection. Upon completion of this Disposition, Lianluo Connection will be 100% owned by Fenjin Times. The Disposition will be completed and become effective immediately following completion of the Merger. The Disposition will close upon satisfaction of the closing conditions of the Disposition Agreement, including but not limited to the closing of the Merger and this Offering, approval by the Company’s shareholders of the Disposition Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereunder and receipt of a fairness opinion in respect of the fairness of the Disposition to the Company’s shareholders from a financial point of view.

Share Ownership upon Consummation of the Proposed Merger and Proposed Disposition

Immediately after consummation of the Merger and Disposition, we will own 100% of Newegg. The stockholders of Newegg who receive Common Shares in the Merger will own approximately 99.02% of the Company and our existing shareholders will own approximately 0.98% of the Company.

We estimate that we may issue approximately 363,325,542 common shares to Newegg stockholders upon completion of the merger, based on the number of shares of Newegg issued and outstanding as of October 23, 2020, the execution date of the Merger Agreement. Based on the number of our common shares and Newegg stock outstanding as of such date, immediately following the completion of merger, our shareholders immediately prior to the merger are expected to own approximately 0.98% of our outstanding common shares and former Newegg stockholders are expected to own approximately 99.02% of our outstanding common shares (on a fully-diluted basis

In addition, Mr. Zhitao He and Mr. Fred Faching Chang will own approximately 61.16% and 36.11%, respectively, of the voting power of our issued and outstanding common shares, and 97.26%, collectively. Moreover, Mr. Zhitao He and Mr. Fred Chang, both of whom will serve as our directors upon closing, will be able to exercise substantial influence over our business and operations. They may also have a conflict of interests with the minority shareholders. Where those conflicts exist, the minority shareholders will be dependent upon Mr. He, Mr. Chang, and other directors exercising, in a manner fair to all of our shareholders, their fiduciary duties. Also, Mr. He and Mr. Chang will have the ability to control the outcome of most corporate actions requiring shareholder approval, including the sale of all or substantially all of our assets and amendments to our Memorandum and Articles of Association. Moreover, such concentration of voting power could have the effect of delaying, deterring, or preventing a change of control or other business combination, which may, in turn, have an adverse effect on the market price of our shares or prevent our minority shareholders from realizing a premium over the then-prevailing market price for their shares.

Simultaneous Closing of the Restructure and Offering and Our Business upon Consummation of the Restructure

The closing of the Restructure and the Offering are closing conditions to each other. Upon consummation of the Merger and Disposition and the simultaneous closing of the Offering, our business will solely be the business of Newegg.

Newegg’s Business Overview

Newegg is a tech-focused e-commerce company in North America, and ranked second after Best Buy as the global top electronics online marketplace according to Web Retailer’s report, as measured by 32.4 million visits per month in 2019. Through Newegg.com, the company’s flagship business-to-consumer (“B2C”) B2C platform, business-to-business (“B2B”) operations, and other online platforms, it operates direct sales and marketplace model for IT computer components, consumer electronics (“CE”), entertainment, smart home and gaming products and provides certain third party logistics services globally. Newegg has received numerous awards and accolades for its services since its inception, among which, the company was ranked No. 5 on Newsweek’s 2020 List of Best Online Shops – Consumer Electronics.

Newegg’s Competitive Strengths

Newegg believes that it maintains its market leading position through the following continual refinement of key competitive advantages.

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Excellence in supply chain management. Newegg has adopted cost-effective, automated solutions which provide accuracy and speed. Newegg Logistics’ third-party logistics (“3PL”) service leverages technologies including the Bastian’s OPEX Perfect Pick and the Pick to Light systems which are the warehouse solutions that sort, retrieve, and ship products quickly. These warehouse automation systems allow Newegg to achieve 99+ percent same-day e-commerce fulfillment (defined in this prospectus as the processing of an order for shipment) and inventory accuracy rates.

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Growing third-party logistics portfolio. With a global reach into 38 countries, Newegg Logistics partners with new and established online sellers to serve their customers as efficiently and cost-effectively as possible. In early 2020, Newegg added a turnkey customer service outsourcing solution to its portfolio of 3PL solutions. Newegg Bridge is provided by Newegg Logistics, the company’s in-house fulfillment network. The service offers outsourced dedicated customer service capabilities and complements Newegg’s ecosystem of service offerings, connecting multiple channels including email, phone, chat, text, and social media across multiple languages.

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Industry leading customer service. Newegg’s customer service is well known, consistently earning industry accolades. Its proven track record of delivering excellent customer service for nearly two decades particularly qualifies Newegg to serve as the customer service gateway for its 3PL clients via its new Newegg Bridge service.

Newegg’s Growth Strategies

Newegg’s goal is to enhance its position as a leading tech-focused e-commerce company and to continue to expand globally and into new related business. Newegg plans to achieve this through the following:

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Further strengthen its position as a leading tech-focused e-commerce company. Newegg has cultivated a strong and loyal customer base. Newegg intends to further expand and engage with its customer base by increasing the efficiency of its platforms and implementing new features to augment its platforms’ mobile functionality. Newegg also plans to continue enhancing its award-winning customer service function. Newegg intends to engage in brand promotion campaigns and other marketing activities across online and offline channels to further drive its growth and enhance its brand recognition worldwide. Newegg plans to continue engaging its existing customers and reaching out to new customers utilizing social media, customer interactions on its platforms and offline marketing events in both domestic and overseas markets.

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Increase Newegg’s product assortment and introduce new product categories. Newegg will continue to grow its direct sales and Marketplace business by increasing its product assortment and introducing new product categories. Newegg is confident that its suppliers and Marketplace sellers will increase their offerings on its platforms if it continues to offer a compelling value proposition and further develop its data-led insights, real-time visibility of customer preference shifts and improved fulfillment and logistics capabilities. Newegg also intends to attract new third-party sellers to its Marketplace by providing them with access to its growing customer base, majority of whom are tech-savvy, and its ancillary e-commerce solutions. This will enable us to further enhance its sourcing capabilities, expand the diversity and availability of its merchandise and penetrate into additional information technology/consumer electronics (“IT/CE”) related categories, such as lifestyle electronics, health tech, tech toys, maker components and kits and Internet of Things (“IoT”) products.

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Expand private label business. Newegg intends to further expand its Rosewill and ABS private labels assortment by continuing to offer high quality, feature rich, value priced products. As of June 30, 2020, private label products (consisting of Rosewill and ABS products) across all Newegg platforms (Newegg.com, Newegg.ca and NeweggBusiness.com) constituted collectively about 0.003% of Newegg’s total active SKU count, while products offered by Newegg’s Marketplace sellers constituted 99.596% of Newegg’s total active SKU count. Newegg plans to further expand its offerings under its Rosewill brand in targeted categories which it believes provide strong growth potential and higher margins, including DIY components, gaming accessories, gaming chairs, headsets, home automation and IoT connected devices. Under its ABS brand, its goal is to continue to drive significant growth in its line of gaming and business grade PCs’ by leveraging its large audience of gamers and business customers who seek a high quality, high powered PC. Both brands are offered globally through its cross border initiative and will be included in all future cross border expansion.

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Grow its small and medium sized business and public sector segments. Newegg seeks to expand its B2B business by further penetrating into small- and mid-sized businesses and public sector institutions and continuously enhancing its value proposition tailored to meet the needs of its target verticals. Newegg plans to provide enhanced access to its staff of account executives dedicated to helping B2B customers tackle industry-specific challenges, as well as to offer additional electronic tools and content that allow B2B customers to troubleshoot issues on their own before without having to wait for a customer representative. Newegg is also expanding its broad assortment of business class products from top brands at competitive prices, which it offers with rapid delivery options and seamless customer and technical services. Newegg aims to continue to attract new customers and increase existing customers’ retention and repeat purchase rates by emphasizing its personal touch in customer relationships and focusing on comprehensive online and offline marketing campaigns, effective customer engagement via social media and referrals, deals and promotions and efficient conversion of high-value accounts from Newegg.com.

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Further develop its IT infrastructure and expand globally and into new businesses. Newegg plans to capitalize on its leading technology and infrastructure to enter into new markets and new businesses. Newegg expects to further develop its IT infrastructure, and mobile e-commerce platform to include big data applications, supply chain management systems and AI-driven analytical capabilities by integrating commercial software packages and open-source components into its software and systems. Newegg also aims to build on its success in selective countries, such as Canada, and apply its model to expand into fast-growing markets where there are attractive opportunities.

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Pursue selective strategic partnership, investments and acquisition opportunities. Newegg intends to selectively pursue strategic alliances and strategic partnership that are complementary to its business and operations, including opportunities that can help us further promote its brand to new customers, increase its product offerings, improve its technology and fulfillment infrastructure, and expand its presence to more markets.

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Increase Service Offerings. Newegg aims to expand its offering of a variety of value-added Direct to Consumer (“D2C”) platform services and solutions. It believes by providing these services, Newegg creates additional value for its business partners and customers and ultimately benefit the Newegg ecosystem and all its participants. Currently, Newegg offers 3PL, including Shipped by Newegg® Service, Newegg Logistics, Newegg Staffing, Pure Facility Solutions, Inc., Newegg Bridge, a PC Builder tool, and expects to launch a Newegg personal computer assembly service in the near future.

Proposed Amendment to the M&A

In connection with the Restructure, the Board of the Company has recommended the shareholders to approve the several proposals to reclassify our authorized share capital to eliminate the dual class structure, to effectuate a share combination of the issued and outstanding common shares, to increase the number of authorized shares following the share combination, to change the Company’s name, to give certain shareholders rights to appoint and remove certain number of the post-Restructure entity’s directors in proportion to such shareholders’ voting percentage in the post-Restructure entity (subject to the compliance with applicable laws and NASDAQ’s rules), and to adopt an amended and restated Memorandum and Articles of Association of the Company (the “Fifth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association”) to reflect the share combination, the removal of automatic conversion, the share increase and the change of Company’s name.

Description of the Share Redesignation

Immediately prior to the closing of the Restructure, each Class B Common Share issued and outstanding will be converted into one Class A Common Share and the outstanding warrant to purchase 125,000 Class B Common Shares will be converted to a warrant to acquire 125,000 Class A Common Shares. As a result, there will be no outstanding Class B Common Shares or any other outstanding securities that are convertible into Class B Common Shares upon the closing of the Restructure.

In connection with the Restructure and the Offering, we are seeking our shareholders’ approval to redesignate all of our issued and unissued Class A Common Shares of par value of $0.021848 each and Class B Common Shares of par value of $0.021848 each into common shares of par value of $0.021848 each on a one to one basis (the common shares of LLIT after the Share Redesignation, “Common Shares”) thus eliminating the Company’s dual class structure (the “Share Redesignation”);

Description of Share Combination

NASDAQ rules require the post-Merger entity to comply with the initial listing standards of the applicable NASDAQ market to continue to be listed on such market following a change of control transaction. The NASDAQ Capital Market’s initial listing standards require a company to have, among other things, a $4.00 per share minimum bid price or a lower minimum per share closing price if additional financial requirements are met. As the Company’s current share price is far less than $4.00, the share combination is necessary to meet the minimum bid price listing requirement. The Board of the Company recommends the shareholders to approve a share combination by a ratio of not less than one-for-two and not more than one-for-fifty, on or prior to June 30, 2021 (the “Share Combination”), with the exact ratio to be set at a whole number within this range, as determined by the Company’s board of directors in its sole discretion. At the time the share combination is effective, our authorized Common Shares will be consolidated at the same combination ratio.

Description of the Share Increase

The Board believes that it is necessary and advisable to increase the number of Common Shares that the Company is authorized to issue to allow for adequate shares to be issued to the stockholders of Newegg for the consummation of the Merger and adequate shares to be offered in this concurrent Offering. In addition, the Board considers that the increase of the numbers of the Common Shares that the Company is authorized to issue will provide the Company with flexibility for other potential acquisitions and capital raising activities in the future, if any. As a result, the Board of the Company is seeking its shareholders’ approval for the increase of the number of Common Shares that the Company is authorized to issue unlimited Common Shares (the “Share Increase”) following the Share Combination and the Share Redesignation.

Description of Certain Principal Shareholders’ Rights (the “Rights of Principal Shareholders”)

The Fifth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association, effective upon the closing of the Restructure and this Offering and subject to compliance with applicable laws and NASDAQ rules, provides, among other things, Digital Grid and Newegg’s stockholders other than Digital Grid (the “Legacy Shareholder”, collectively with Digital Grid “Principal Shareholders”) with the rights to appoint certain number of directors of the post-closing issuer. The Legacy Shareholders holding a majority of Exchange Shares issued to all the Legacy Shareholders in the Merger shall select a representative (“Minority Representative” which initially is Fred Chang) and have the power to remove and reselect a different Minority Representative from time to time.

Pursuant to Article 8.1(i) of the Fifth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association and subject to compliance with applicable laws and NASDAQ rules, the board of post-closing issuer shall consist of up to seven directors. Initially, four of the directors shall be appointed by Digital Grid, and three of the directors shall be appointed by the Minority Representative.

If the number of Common Shares or other Equity Interests (as defined in the Fifth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association) of the post-closing issuer held by the Legacy Shareholders represents (i) more than two sevenths (2/7) of the total voting power of all outstanding Shares or other Equity Interests of the post-closing issuer, then the Minority Representative shall be entitled to appoint and replace three directors, (ii) less than or equal to two sevenths (2/7) and more than one seventh (1/7) of the total voting power of all outstanding Common Shares or Equity Interests of the post-closing issuer, then, then the Minority Representative shall be entitled to appoint and replace two directors, and (iii) less than or equal to one seventh (1/7) and more than five percent (5%) of the total voting power of all outstanding Common Shares or other Equity Interests of the post-closing issuer, then the Minority Representative shall be entitled to appoint and replace one director; and (iv) less than or equal to five percent (5%) of the total voting power of all outstanding Common Shares or other Equity Interests of the post-closing issuer, then the Minority Representative shall no longer be entitled to appoint any directors under the Article 8.1(i) of the Fifth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association.

If the number of Common Shares or other Equity Interests held by Digital Grid or its affiliates represents (i) (i) more than fifty percent (50%) of total voting power of all outstanding Common Shares or other Equity Interests of the post-closing issuer, then Digital Grid shall be entitled to appoint and remove four directors, (ii) less than or equal to fifty percent (50%) and more than two sevenths (2/7) the total voting power of all outstanding Common Shares or other Equity Interests of the post-closing issuer, then Digital Grid shall be entitled to appoint and remove three directors, (iii) less than or equal to two sevenths (2/7) and more than one seventh (1/7) of the total voting power of all outstanding Common Shares or other Equity Interests of the post-closing issuer, then Digital Grid shall be entitled to appoint and replace two directors (iv) less than or equal to one seventh (1/7) and more than five percent (5%) of the total voting power of all outstanding Common Shares or other Equity Interests of the post-closing issuer, then Digital Grid shall be entitled to appoint and replace one director, and (v) less than or equal to five percent (5%) of the total voting power of all outstanding Common Shares or other Equity Interests of the Company, then Digital Grid shall no longer be entitled to appoint any directors under the Article 8.1(i) of the Fifth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association.

Of the directors appointed by the Minority Representative, one shall be designated by the Minority Representative to be the “Primary Minority Board Appointee” from time to time by delivering written notice thereof to the board. The initial Primary Minority Board Appointee shall be Fred Chang.

Any director positions which neither Digital nor the Minority Representative are entitled to appoint under the Fifth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association shall be appointed by a majority of the remaining directors, or by any other means allowed under the Fifth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association and the BVI Business Companies Act, 2004.

In addition, the Fifth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association also provides that, if Legacy Shareholders hold more than ten percent (10%) of the Equity Interest of the post-closing issuer, then neither the post-closing issuer, nor any officer or agent of the post-closing issuer can take, or permit our subsidiaries to take, certain actions, without the approval of the affirmative vote of not less than a majority (50%) of the number of votes represented by the directors (excluding vacancies), which majority must include the Primary Minority Board Appointee, including but not limited to, initiating any liquidation, dissolution, bankruptcy filing or similar action, recapitalization, restructuring or reorganization, purchasing or otherwise acquiring all or any part of the assets or business of, or equity interest or other evidences of beneficial ownership of, invest in or participate in any joint venture, partnership or similar arrangement with, any person (other than the post-closing issuer or any of its subsidiaries), in each case in any transaction or series of related transactions involving a commitment in excess of $10,000,000, entering into any related-party transactions, and appointing or removing the chief executive officer of the post-closing issuer.

Description of the Name Change

Immediately prior to the closing of the Restructure and this Offering, and subject to shareholders’ approval, the Company will change its name to “Newegg Commerce, Inc.” (the “Name Change”). The Company also plans to change its trading symbol to “NEGG” to better reflect the Company’s business following the consummation of the Restructure.

Based on the foregoing, to effectuate and reflect the Share Redesignation, the Share Combination, the Share Increase, the Rights of Principal Shareholders, and the Name Change, the Company will adopt the Fifth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association upon obtaining shareholders’ approval.

Implication of Being a Foreign Private Issuer and a Controlled Company

We are a foreign private issuer within the meaning of the rules under the Exchange Act, and as such we are exempt from certain provisions of the securities rules and regulations in the United States that are applicable to U.S. domestic issuers. Moreover, the information we are required to file with or furnish to the SEC will be less extensive and less timely compared to that required to be filed with the SEC by U.S. domestic issuers. In addition, as a company incorporated in the Cayman Islands, we are permitted to adopt certain home country practices in relation to corporate governance matters that differ significantly from the NASDAQ listing standards. Following this offering, we intend to rely on home country practice to be exempted from the corporate governance requirement that we have a majority of independent directors on our board of directors. As a result, we will not have a majority of independent directors. These practices may afford less protection to shareholders than they would enjoy if we complied fully with the NASDAQ listing standards.

Upon the completion of the Restructure and this Offering, we will be a “controlled company” as defined under the NASDAQ Listing Rules because Mr. Zhitao He, who will be the chairman of the board of directors of the post-closing issuer, will beneficially own [●] of our Common Shares and will be able to exercise [●]% of our total voting power assuming the underwriters do not exercise their over-allotment option, or [●]% of our total voting power if the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in full. For so long as we remain a controlled company under that definition, we are permitted to elect to rely, and may rely, on certain exemptions from corporate governance rules, including an exemption from the rule that a majority of our board of directors must be independent directors or that we have to establish a nominating committee and a compensation committee composed entirely of independent directors. As a result, you will not have the same protection afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to these corporate governance requirements.

Summary of Risk Factors

Investing in our Common Shares involves significant risks. You should carefully consider all of the information in this prospectus before making an investment in our Common Shares. Below please find a summary of the principal risks we face, organized under relevant headings. These risks are discussed more fully in the section titled “Risk factors.”

Risks Relating to the Proposed Restructure

Risks and uncertainties related to the proposed Restructure include, but are not limited to, the following:

●

The proposed Merger is subject to a number of conditions, including, among others, the approval of our shareholders, and the simultaneous completion of the Disposition and the consummation of this Offering, which may not be accomplished, or on a timely basis.

●

Upon consummation of the merger, Mr. Zhitao He and Mr. Fred Chang will beneficially own approximately 61.16% and 36.11%, respectively, of the voting power of our issued and outstanding common shares, and 97.26%, collectively, of the voting power of our issued and outstanding common shares. They will exert significant influence on our business and operations and may have a conflict of interest with the minority shareholders.

●

We will be a “controlled company” within the meaning of the NASDAQ Capital Market rules and, as a result, will qualify for, and intend to rely on, exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements. You will not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to such requirements.

●

The Fifth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association which provides certain rights to the Principal Shareholders of the post-closing issuer will limit your ability to appoint director and influence corporate matters and could discourage others from pursuing any change of control transactions that minority holders of Common Shares may view as beneficial.

●

Following the Restructure, the Company’s business may suffer as a result of the lack of public company operating experience of new management.

●

Newegg is not a publicly traded company, making it difficult to determine the fair market value of Newegg. Also, we may fail to uncover all liabilities of Newegg’s business through the due diligence process prior to the proposed Merger, exposing us to potentially large, unanticipated costs.

●

Our future results following the proposed Restructure may differ materially from the unaudited pro forma financial information included in this registration statement.

●

Certain provisions of Newegg’s Amended Shareholders Agreement may delay or prevent us from raising funding in the future and may have an adverse impact on us and the liquidity and market price of our Common Shares.

Risks Relating to Newegg’s Business

We are also subject to risks and uncertainties related to Newegg’s business, including, but not limited to, the following:

●

Newegg faces risks related to system interruption, including failures caused or experienced by third-party service providers, and lack of redundancy and timely upgrades.

●

Newegg’s business faces intense domestic and international competition.

●

A decline in demand for IT and CE products could adversely affect Newegg’s operating results.

●

The loss of key employees or the failure to attract qualified personnel could have a material adverse effect on Newegg’s ability to run its business.

●

If Newegg is unable to provide a satisfactory customer experience, its reputation would be harmed and it could lose customers.

●

Newegg depends on its vendors to source sufficient quantities of merchandise on favorable terms. If Newegg fails to maintain strong vendor relationships or if its vendors are otherwise unable to supply products that meet its standards in a timely manner, its net sales and net income could suffer.

●

Newegg’s international sales and operations require access to international markets and are subject to applicable laws relating to trade, export and import controls and economic sanctions, the violation of which could adversely affect its operations.

●

Newegg has incurred net loss in the past and may continue to experience losses in the future.

●

The successful operation of Newegg’s business depends upon the performance, reliability and security of the internet infrastructure in the countries where it operates.

●

Because many of the products that Newegg sells are manufactured abroad, Newegg may face delays, increased cost or quality control deficiencies in the importation of these products, which could reduce its net sales and profitability.

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Assertions, claims and allegations, even if not true, that Newegg has infringed or violated intellectual property rights could harm Newegg’s business and reputation. Also, Newegg may be subject to product liability claims, which could be costly and time-consuming to defend.

●

Newegg may incur additional costs due to tax assessments resulting from ongoing and future audits by tax authorities.

●

Significant developments stemming from recent U.S. government actions and proposals concerning tariffs and other economic proposals could have a material adverse effect on us.

●

Newegg and certain of its subsidiaries are parties to a revolving credit agreement, which contain a number of covenants that may restrict Newegg’s current and future operations and could adversely affect Newegg’s ability to execute business needs.

Risks Relating to the Common Shares and this Offering

In addition to the risks described above, we are subject to general risks and uncertainties related to our Common Shares and this offering, including, but not limited to, the following:

●

If we fail to maintain compliance with NASDAQ Listing Rules, we may be delisted from the NASDAQ Capital Market, which would result in a limited public market for trading our shares and make obtaining future debt or equity financing more difficult for us.

●

The trading price of the Common Shares is likely to be volatile and could fluctuate widely due to multiple factors, some of which are beyond our control.

●

Our directors, officers and we may be involved in investigations or other forms of regulatory or governmental inquiry which may cause reputational harm to the Company, incur additional expenses, and distract our management from our day-to-day operations.

●

Because our offering price is substantially higher than our net tangible book value per share, you will experience immediate and substantial dilution.

●

Certain types of class or derivative actions generally available under U.S. law may not be available as a result of the fact that we are incorporated in the BVI. As a result, the rights of shareholders may be limited.

●

As a company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands, we are permitted to adopt certain home country practices in relation to corporate governance matters that differ significantly from NASDAQ’S corporate governance listing standards. These practices may afford less protection to shareholders than they would enjoy if we complied fully with NASDAQ’s corporate governance listing standards.

THE OFFERING

Common Shares offered by us		[●] Common Shares.

Price per Common Shares		We currently estimate that the public offering price will be $[●] per Common Shares.

Over-allotment		We have granted the underwriters an option for a period of up to [●] days to purchase up to additional Common Shares.

Number of the Common Shares issued and outstanding prior to completion of this Offering (assuming that the Share Redesignation is completed and the Exchange Shares for the Merger have not been issued)		3,599,571 Common Shares

Number of the Common Shares outstanding immediately after this Offering (assuming that the Share Redesignation is completed and the Exchange Shares for the Merger have been issued)		[●] Common Shares

Listing		Our common shares currently trade on the NASDAQ under the symbol “LLIT” and we have applied change of the trading symbol to be “NEGG” upon closing of this Offering.

Use of proceeds		We intend to use the net proceeds from this Offering for working capital, to fund incremental growth and other general corporate purposes, including possible acquisitions. However, we do not currently have any definitive or preliminary plans with respect to the use of proceeds for such purposes. We may also use a portion of the net proceeds to acquire or invest in complementary businesses, products, websites or technologies or to enter into strategic relationships with third parties. We have no present understandings, commitments or agreements to enter into any acquisitions or investments. The amount actually expended for the purposes listed above will depend upon a number of factors, including the growth of our sales and customer base, competitive developments in e-commerce, the actual cost of capital expenditures and our cash flow from operations and the growth of our business. The amount of what, and timing of when, we actually spend for these purposes may vary significantly and will depend on a number of factors, including our future revenue and cash generated by operations and the other factors described in “Risk Factors.”

Risk factors		The Common Shares offered hereby involve a high degree of risk. You should read “Risk Factors,” beginning on page 13 for a discussion of factors to consider before deciding to invest in our Common Shares.

Lock-Up Agreements		Subject to certain exceptions, we, all of our executive officers and directors and affiliates that own [●]% or more of our outstanding common shares, as of the effective date of the registration statement have agreed not to offer, issue, sell, contract to sell, encumber, grant any option for the sale of any common shares, or otherwise dispose of or transfer any of our common shares or other securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for our common shares for a period of [●] days after this Offering is completed without the prior written consent of the underwriters.

Summary Financial Data

The following summary financial data for the year ended December 31, 2019 are derived from our unaudited pro forma combined financial statements included elsewhere in this registration statement. The following summary financial data for the six months ended June 30, 2020 are derived from our unaudited pro forma combined financial statements included elsewhere in this registration statement. Our historical results for period ended June 30, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for any future period. You should read the following summary financial information in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes and the information under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included elsewhere in this registration statement.

	Six Months ended June 30, 2020
	(In thousands) (Unaudited)
	Newegg			LLIT			Pro Forma Adjustments			Pro Forma Combined
Net sales	$	862,700		$	339		$	(339	)	$	862,700
Cost of sales		738,122			580			(580	)		738,122
Gross profit (loss)		124,578			(241	)		241			124,578
Other operating income		264			—			—			264
Selling, general, and administrative expenses		107,138			1,273			(836	)		107,575
Income (loss) from operations		17,704			(1,514	)		1,077			17,267
Interest income		590			—			1			591
Interest expense		(378	)		(1	)		(1	)		(380	)
Other income (expense), net		2,790			(24	)		24			2,790
Unrealized loss on securities		—			143			—			143
Change in fair value of warrants liabilities		—			(300	)		—			(300)
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes		20,706			(1,696	)		1,101			20,111
Provision for income taxes		1,767			—			—			1,767
Net income (loss)	$	18,939		$	(1,696	)	$	1,101		$	18,344

	June 30, 2020
	(In thousands) (Unaudited)
	Newegg		LLIT		Pro Forma Adjustments			Pro Forma Combined

Cash and cash equivalents	$	141,855	$	6,396	$	(6	)	$	148,245
Other assets		331,152		1,787		(1,480	)		331,459
Total assets		473,007		8,183		(1,486	)		479,704
Total liabilities		348,276		3,959		(3,132	)		349,103
Total temporary equity		187,801		—		(187,801	)		—
Total shareholders’ equity	$	(63,070)	$	4,224	$	189,447		$	130,601

In addition to the other information contained or incorporated by reference in this registration statement, including those risk factors related to our business set forth in our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed on May 15, 2020, you should carefully consider the following risk factors:

Completion of the proposed Merger is conditioned upon, among other matters, the approval of our shareholders, the simultaneous closing of the Disposition of Lianluo Connection and this Offering. There can be no assurance that any of these conditions will be satisfied, or that all of them will be satisfied on a timely basis. Any failure to meet these conditions on a timely basis may result in the delay or abandonment of the proposed Restructure.

Certain of our director, executive officer and major shareholders have interests in the proposed Merger that are different from, and may potentially conflict with, our interests and the interests of our unaffiliated shareholders.

Certain of our directors, executive officers and major shareholders have interests in the proposed Merger that may be different from, or in addition to, the interests of our unaffiliated shareholders and that may create potential conflicts of interest. Ms. Yingmei Yang, our Chief Financial Officer and a director, also serves on the board of Newegg. In addition, Mr. Zhitao He, our former Chairman and former Chief Executive Officer, controls approximately 86.6% of our total voting power, consisting of 58,937 Class A Common Shares held by Hyperfinite Galaxy Holding Limited and 1,388,888 Class B Common Shares held by Hangzhou Lianluo. Through Digital Grid, Mr. He also holds 490,706 shares of Newegg’s Class A Common Stock and 24,870,027 shares of Newegg’s Series AA Preferred Stock and 12,782,546 shares of Newegg’s Series A Preferred Stock, which collectively represents 61.33% of all issued and outstanding shares of Newegg. The beneficial ownership of our major shareholders and directorship of our officer in Newegg may create additional conflicts of interest in respect of the proposed Merger described in this registration statement.

Upon the consummation of merger, Mr. Zhitao He and Mr. Fred Chang will own approximately 61.16% and 36.11%, respectively, of the voting power of our issued and outstanding common shares, and 97.26%, collectively. Additionally, Mr. Zhitao He and Mr. Fred Chang, both of whom will serve as our directors upon closing, will be able to exercise substantial influence over our business and operations. They may also have a conflict of interests with the minority shareholders. Where those conflicts exist, the minority shareholders will be dependent upon Mr. He, Mr. Chang, and other directors exercising, in a manner fair to all of our shareholders, their fiduciary duties. Also, Mr. He and Mr. Chang will have the ability to control the outcome of most corporate actions requiring shareholder approval, including the sale of all or substantially all of our assets and amendments to our Memorandum and Articles of Association. Moreover, such concentration of voting power could have the effect of delaying, deterring, or preventing a change of control or other business combination, which may, in turn, have an adverse effect on the market price of our shares or prevent our minority shareholders from realizing a premium over the then-prevailing market price for their shares.

After completion of this Offering, Mr. Zhitao He, through Hangzhou Lianluo, Hyperfinite Galaxy Holding Limited, and Digital Grid will continue to control a majority of the voting power of our outstanding Common Shares. As a result, we will be a “controlled company” within the meaning of NASDAQ’s corporate governance standards. Under these rules, a company of which more than 50% of the voting power is held by an individual, group or another company is a “controlled company.” For so long as we remain a controlled company under this definition, we are permitted to elect to rely on certain exemptions from corporate governance rules, including:

As a result, you will not have the same protection afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to these corporate governance requirements.

Upon the completion of the Restructure and this Offering, the board of post-closing issuer shall consist of up to seven directors. Initially, four of the directors shall be appointed by Digital Grid (Hong Kong) Technology Co., Limited, which will own approximately [●]% of our total voting power upon completion of this Offering, and three of the directors shall be appointed by a “Minority Representative” which is selected by a majority of the Legacy Shareholders, who collectively will own approximately [●]% of our total voting power upon completion of this Offering. The number of directors that Digital Grid and the Minority Representative are entitled to appoint will decrease proportionately with the decrease of the respective voting power of Digital Grid and the Legacy Shareholders. Any director positions which neither Digital Grid nor the Minority Representative are entitled to appoint shall be appointed by the remaining directors, or by any other means allowed under the Fifth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association.

Immediately upon Closing of the Offering you will have no right to appoint any director to our board. The Fifth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association will limit your ability to appoint persons for service on the post-closing entity’s board of directors and may discourage proxy contests for the election of directors and purchases of substantial blocks of shares by making it more difficult for a potential acquirer to gain control of post-closing entity’s board of directors.

In February and March 2020, we sold warrants exercisable for an aggregate of 1,373,750 shares of our Class A Common Shares to certain investors in private placements in conjunction with a number of registered direct offerings. The warrants are exercisable for five and one-half years from the date of issuance. On June 8, 2020, the registration statement on Form F-1 registering for the resale of the Class A Common Shares issuable upon the exercise of such warrants went effective.

Under certain circumstances, if a fundamental transaction (as defined in the warrants) is consummated, holders of the warrants may require us to repurchase the remaining unexercised portion of such warrants for an amount of cash equal to the value of the warrant as determined in accordance with the Black Scholes option pricing model and the terms of the warrants. The Black Scholes model requires multiple input variables, such as the then effective exercise price of the warrants, the then current market price of our Class A common shares, the time to expiration of the warrants, the risk-free rate, and the volatility. While it is difficult for us to estimate the cash amount that we may need to pay warrant holders upon the repurchase, we currently expect that the cash amount required to repurchase the warrants under the Black Scholes option pricing model will be approximately $4.5 million, based on the closing price of $4.49 as of December 4, 2020, assumed exercise price of $5.60, 5-year T-bill rate of 0.42%, implied volatility/HVT function of 109.6%, and assuming these are the prevailing values on the redemption date, which is assumed to be March 1, 2021.

Our ability to repurchase the warrants depends on our available cash resources at such time. We cannot assure you that upon closing of the Restructure, we will maintain sufficient cash reserves or that our post-Restructure business will generate cash flow from operations at levels sufficient to permit us to repurchase the warrants.

Failure to complete the proposed Restructure could negatively impact our business, financial condition, results of operations or share price.

Completion of the proposed Restructure is conditioned upon the satisfaction of certain closing conditions, including those discussed above, and other closing conditions customary for a transaction of this size and type. The required conditions to closing may not be satisfied in a timely manner, if at all. If the proposed Restructure is not consummated for these or any other reasons, we may be subject to a number of adverse effects, including:

Furthermore, if the Restructure is not completed, there can be no assurance that we will be able to find another target business on terms as favorable as those of the Merger Agreement.

There can be no assurances that Newegg stockholders will not be required to recognize gain for U.S. federal income tax purposes upon the exchange of Newegg stock for common shares of the Company stock in the merger.

The Company and Newegg have structured the Merger with the intent that it will qualify as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code, specifically as a “reverse triangular merger” under Section 368(a)(2)(E) of the Code. However, the qualification of the Merger as a reorganization depends on compliance with numerous technical requirements. The Company and Newegg have not sought and will not seek any ruling from the IRS regarding any matter affecting the merger or any of the United States federal income tax consequences discussed herein, and have not sought and will not seek any tax opinion from their respective legal counsel regarding the qualification of the Merger as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code. Thus, there can be no assurance that the IRS will ultimately conclude that the Merger does meet all of the requirements for qualification as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of the Code, and there can be no assurance that any of the other statements made herein would not be challenged by the IRS and, if so challenged, would be sustained upon review in a court. A successful challenge by the IRS could result in taxable income to Newegg and its stockholders.

Following the Restructure, the Company’s business may suffer as a result of the lack of public company operating experience of new management.

Prior to the completion of the Restructure, Newegg has been a privately-held company. Most members of Newegg’s management will become members of the Company’s management after the Restructure but have limited experience managing a publicly-traded company and complying with reporting and other obligations under securities law. The new management may not successfully manage Newegg’s transition into a public company which will be subject to significant regulatory oversight, reporting obligations under the federal securities laws and the continuous scrutiny of securities analysts and investors. These new responsibilities may require significant attention from Newegg’s management and could divert their attention and resources from the management of Newegg’s business, which could negatively affect the new management’s ability to achieve the anticipated benefits of the proposed Restructure.

The transition to becoming the subsidiary of a public company will require changes in the way that Newegg operates its business and incur additional expenses pertaining to SEC reporting obligations and SEC compliance matters, and the post-closing issuer’s disclosure controls and procedures may not prevent or detect all errors or acts of fraud.

Private companies often have less regulated methods of operation than public companies. This results in less transparency and presents greater risks of noncompliance with rules and regulations. In anticipation of the proposed transactions, Newegg’s management has begun to implement a variety of measures to ensure that the company follows the rules applicable to public companies in the United States. To the extent these new procedures and policies could not change historical behaviors that might be inconsistent with the rules regulating U.S. public company, Newegg could be at risk of violation or poor reporting as a public company following this transaction. In the event Newegg’s directors or executive officers inadvertently fail to identify, review or disclose a new relationship or arrangement causing the post-closing issuer to fail to properly disclose any related party transaction disclosures or in the event that it fails to comply with SEC reporting and internal controls and procedures, the post-closing issuer may be subject to securities laws violations that may result in additional compliance costs or costs associated with SEC judgments or fines, both of which will increase our costs and negatively affect our potential profitability and our ability to conduct our business. The public reporting requirements and controls are new for the management of the post-closing issuer, and may require the post-closing issuer to obtain outside assistance from legal, accounting or other professionals that will increase the costs of doing business.

Newegg is not a publicly traded company, making it difficult to determine the fair market value of Newegg.

The outstanding capital stock of Newegg is privately held and is not traded on any public market, which makes it difficult to determine the fair market value of Newegg. There can be no assurance that the Merger consideration to be issued to Newegg stockholders will not exceed the actual value of Newegg.

We may fail to uncover all liabilities of Newegg’s business through the due diligence process prior to the proposed Merger, exposing us to potentially large, unanticipated costs.

Prior to completing the proposed Merger, we have and expect to continue to perform, certain due diligence reviews of the Newegg’s business. In view of timing and other considerations relevant to our successfully achieving the closing of the proposed Merger, our due diligence reviews will necessarily be limited in nature and may not adequately uncover all of the contingent or undisclosed liabilities we may incur as a consequence of the proposed Merger. Any such liabilities could cause us to potentially experience significant losses, which could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We have incurred and expect to continue to incur substantial transaction-related costs in connection with the proposed Restructure.

We have incurred, and expect to continue to incur, a number of non-recurring transaction-related costs associated with completing the Restructure. These fees and costs have been, and will continue to be, substantial. Non-recurring transaction costs include, but are not limited to, fees paid to legal, financial and accounting advisors, filing fees and printing costs. Additional unanticipated costs may be incurred, which may be higher than expected and could have a material adverse effect on the new business’s financial condition and operating results.

The market price of our Common Shares may decline as a result of the proposed Restructure.

We could encounter larger than anticipated transaction-related costs, may fail to realize some or all of the benefits anticipated from the proposed Restructure or be subject to other factors that may adversely affect preliminary estimates of the results of the proposed Restructure. Any of these factors could delay the expected accretive effect of the proposed Restructure and contribute to a decrease in the price of our Common Shares.

In addition, we are unable to predict the potential effects of the issuance of Common Shares as the purchase price for the Merger of Newegg and in the concurrent Offering on the trading activity and market price of our Common Shares. The Common Shares issued in connection with the concurrent Offering can be freely traded on NASDAQ Capital Market following the lapse of applicable lock-up periods. Sales of a substantial number of our Common Shares in the public market, or the perception that such sales might occur, could have a material adverse effect on the price of our Common Shares.

Certain of our current shareholders will have reduced ownership and voting power after the proposed Restructure.

As consideration for the proposed Merger, we will issue to the stockholders of Newegg in aggregate of approximately 363,325,542 Common Shares, which will entitle the holder thereof to one votes per share on any matter submitted to a vote of the post-closing issuer’s shareholders. Upon consummation of the Restructure and immediately prior to the closing of Offering, these shares would represent approximately 99.08% of the total voting power. Our current shareholders will, therefore, have proportionately less ownership and voting power in us following the proposed Merger than they have now.

Our future results following the proposed Restructure may differ materially from the unaudited pro forma financial information included in this registration statement.

The unaudited pro forma financial information contained in this prospectus is presented for purposes of presenting our historical consolidated financial statements with the historical financial statements of Newegg, as adjusted to give effect to the proposed Restructure, and is not necessarily indicative of the financial condition or results of operations of the business following the proposed Restructure. The assumptions used in preparing the pro forma financial information may not prove to be accurate, and other factors may affect our financial condition and results of operations following the Proposed Restructure. Any change in our financial condition or results of operations may cause significant variations in the price of our Common Shares. See the section of this registration statement captioned “Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Information” for more information.

NASDAQ may not list our Common Shares on its exchange, which could prevent consummation of the Restructure or limit investors’ ability to make transactions in our shares. Consequently, we may be subject to additional trading restrictions.

It is a closing condition to the Merger that our Common Shares are listed on NASDAQ. The post-Merger entity will be required to meet the initial listing standards of NASDAQ. We may not be able to meet those initial listing requirements. Even if our securities are so listed, we may be unable to maintain the listing of our securities in the future. If we fail to meet the initial listing requirements, neither we nor Newegg would be required to consummate the Merger. In the event that we and Newegg elected to waive this condition, our Company and the shareholders could face significant material adverse consequences, including:

Newegg expects that it will realize growth opportunities and other financial and operating benefits as a result of the Restructure. Newegg cannot predict with certainty if or when these growth opportunities and benefits will occur, or the extent to which they actually will be achieved. For example, the benefits from the Restructure may be offset by costs incurred as a result of being a public company. See “Risks Relating to Newegg’s Business” below for more discussion of the risks relating to Newegg following the Restructure.

Prior to the Restructure and this Offering, Newegg’s shareholders have entered into certain shareholders agreement, dated March 30, 2017 (the “Shareholders Agreement”). In connection with the Merger Agreement, Newegg, Digital Grid, the Principal Shareholders and we agreed to enter into certain amendment to the Shareholders Agreement, dated October 23, 2020 (such amendment, the “Amended Shareholders Agreement”), pursuant to which we agreed to assume all of the rights and obligations of Newegg under the Shareholders Agreement upon the closing of the Restructure.

Under the Amended Shareholders Agreement, the Principal Shareholders will have pre-emptive rights to acquire additional shares when the post-closing issuer issues or sells additional securities in the future, except for the “excluded issuance” as defined in the Amended Shareholders Agreement or Common Shares offered pursuant to a registration statement filed with the SEC.

In addition, the post-closing issuer and the Principal Shareholders also has rights of first refusal pursuant to the Amended Shareholders Agreement and subject to compliance with applicable laws and NASDAQ’s rules. If any Principal Shareholders receives a bona fide offer from any person other than its affiliate for any of the Common Shares such Principal Shareholders received in connection with the Merger (the “ROFR Shares”), then the post-closing issuer has a right of first refusal, but not the obligation, to elect to purchase all (and not less than all) of the ROFR Shares, at the same price, and on the same terms and conditions offered by the purchaser (the “ROFR Terms”). In the event the post-closing issuer does not decide to purchase such ROFR Shares or decides to purchase for less than all of the ROFR Shares, then each of the Principal Stockholders other than the selling Principal Shareholders shall have a right of first refusal to elect to purchase all (and not less than all) of its Pro Rata Share of the ROFR Shares on the ROFR Terms. For the purpose of this Amended Shareholders Agreement, “Pro Rata Share” means the percentage which corresponds to the ratio which each selling Principal Stockholder’s “Percentage Interest” (which is calculated by dividing (i) the number of the Common Shares owned by such Principal Stockholder, by (ii) total number of the then outstanding shares of the Common Shares held by all Principal Stockholders) bears to the total Percentage Interests of all Principal Stockholders exercising their right of first refusal. In the event that the ROFR Shares are in exchange for non-cash consideration, then such right of first refusal shall be exercisable based on the fair market value determined in good faith by the board of such non-cash consideration.

Such right of first refusal and pre-emptive rights may delay or prevent us from raising funding in the future and may have an adverse impact on the liquidity and market price of our Common Shares.

The impact of COVID-19 may adversely affect Newegg’s business and financial results.

The spread of the novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”), which was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020, has caused different countries and cities to mandate curfews, including “shelter-in-place” and closures of most non-essential businesses as well as other measures to mitigate the spread of the virus.

Newegg’s online business and warehouse operations have remained active to serve its customers during the COVID-19 outbreak, and to-date the Newegg has seen increased demand for its products and services during the outbreak. By contrast, some of the Newegg’s brick-and-mortar competitors have been forced to close down at least some of their retail locations temporarily, while some competitors have de-emphasized certain lines of business, such as computers and electronics, which represent the Newegg’s core business. Both of these industry trends have contributed to increased sales and market share for Newegg. However, the course of the outbreak remains uncertain, and a prolonged global economic slowdown and increased unemployment could have a material adverse impact on economic conditions, which in turn could lead to a reduced demand for Newegg’s products and services.

As a consequence of the COVID-19 outbreak, Newegg has experienced occasional supply constraints, primarily in the form of delays in shipment of inventory. Newegg has also experienced some increases in the cost of certain products, as well as a drop in promotions by some manufacturers. While it considers such events to be relatively minor and temporary, continued supply chain disruptions could lead to delayed receipt of, or shortages in, inventory and higher costs, and negatively impact sales in fiscal year 2020 and beyond.

COVID-19 impacted the supply chain of Newegg’s brand partners and Marketplace sellers, and Newegg’s ability to timely fulfill orders and deliver such orders to its customers, particularly as a result of mandatory shutdowns in different countries and cities to mitigate the spread of the virus.

Although Newegg cannot estimate the length or gravity of the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak at this time, if the pandemic continues, it may have an adverse effect on the results of future operations of Newegg. The potential negative impact of COVID-19 on Newegg’s operations remains uncertain and potentially wide-spread, including:

The COVID-19 pandemic remains highly volatile and continues to evolve on a daily basis and therefore, there can be no assurance that these potential negative impacts will not materialize, and these and other impacts of COVID-19 may adversely affect Newegg’s future business, financial condition, cash flow, liquidity and results of operations.

Newegg faces risks related to system interruption, including failures caused or experienced by third-party service providers, and lack of redundancy and timely upgrades.

Newegg’s success depends on its ability to successfully receive and fulfill orders and to promptly deliver such orders to its customers. It could lose existing customers or fail to attract new customers, potentially resulting in a decline in net sales, if its online platforms are inaccessible or if its transaction processing systems, order fulfillment processes or network infrastructure are not operational or performing to its customers’ satisfaction.

Any internet network interruptions, latency or problems with its online platforms’ availability could prevent customers from accessing, browsing and placing orders on its online platforms, and impact its ability to fulfill orders or bill customers, which may cause customer dissatisfaction and damage its reputation and brand. Newegg has experienced brief computer system interruptions in the past, and it believes that others will occur from time to time in the future. Its systems and operations potentially are vulnerable to damage or interruption from a number of sources, including the following:

Newegg has not yet created sufficient redundancy for its information technology systems and data, and it does not presently maintain backup copies of all of its data. Newegg has a limited disaster recovery plan in effect and may not have sufficient insurance for losses that may occur from natural disasters, catastrophic events or the resulting business interruption. Newegg is generally self-insured outside the United States. Any substantial damage to, or disruption of, its technology infrastructure could cause interruptions or delays, loss of data, or reduced system availability, which could have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition and results of operations.

Newegg may be unable to accurately project the rate or timing of traffic flow, including any traffic increases, or successfully and cost-effectively upgrade its systems and infrastructure in a timely manner to accommodate higher traffic levels on its online platforms. If the volume of traffic on its online platforms or the number of purchases made by its customers increases substantially, it may experience unanticipated system disruptions, slower response times, reduced levels of customer service and impaired quality and delays in reporting accurate financial information. For example, it experiences surges in online traffic and orders associated with promotional activities and holiday seasons, especially during the Christmas season, which can put additional demands on its technology platform at specific times.

Additionally, Newegg must continue to upgrade and improve its technology and infrastructure to support its business growth, and failure to do so could impede its growth. However, Newegg cannot assure you that it will be successful in executing these system upgrades and improvement strategies. Any such upgrades to its systems and infrastructure could require substantial investments. In particular, its systems may experience interruptions during upgrades, and the new technologies or infrastructures may not be fully integrated with the existing systems on a timely basis, or at all. If its existing or future technology and infrastructure do not function properly, it could cause system disruptions and slow response times, affecting data transmission, which in turn could materially and adversely affect its business, financial condition and results of operations.

Newegg relies on third-party payment processors to process deposits and withdrawals made by users of its marketplace, and if Newegg cannot manage its relationships with such third parties and other payment-related risks, its business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Newegg relies on a limited number of third-party payment solutions to process deposits and withdrawals made by users of its marketplace. If any third-party payment solution terminates its relationship with Newegg or refuses to renew its agreement with Newegg on commercially reasonable terms, Newegg would need to find an alternate payment solution, and may not be able to secure similar terms or replace such payment solution in an acceptable time frame. Further, the software and services provided by Newegg’s third-party payment solutions may not meet its expectations, contain errors or vulnerabilities, be compromised or experience outages. Any of these risks could cause Newegg to lose its ability to accept online payments or other payment transactions or make timely payments to users of its marketplace, any of which could make Newegg’s marketplace less trustworthy and convenient and adversely affect its ability to attract and retain its users.

Nearly all of Newegg’s users’ payments are made by credit card, debit card or through other third-party payment services, which subjects Newegg to certain regulations and to the risk of fraud. Newegg may in the future offer new payment options to users that may be subject to additional regulations and risks. Newegg is also subject to a number of other laws and regulations relating to the payments Newegg accepts from its users, including with respect to money laundering, money transfers, privacy and information security. If it fails to comply with applicable rules and regulations, Newegg may be subject to civil or criminal penalties, fines and/or higher transaction fees and may lose its ability to accept online payments or other payment card transactions, which could make its marketplace less convenient and attractive to the users. If any of these events were to occur, Newegg’s business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Additionally, Card Organizations, including Visa, require Newegg to comply with payment card network operating rules, which are set and interpreted by the payment card networks. The payment card networks could adopt new operating rules or interpret or reinterpret existing rules in ways that might prohibit Newegg from providing certain offerings to some users, be costly to implement or difficult to follow. Newegg have agreed to reimburse its payment processors for fines, penalties or assessments they are assessed by Card Organizations, if Newegg or the users on its marketplace violate these rules. Any of the foregoing risks could adversely affect its business, financial condition and results of operations.

The e-commerce market is intensely competitive with limited barriers to entry. Newegg’s current and potential competitors include retailers, manufacturers and distributors that offer a wide range of similar product categories and companies that provide D2C platform services, fulfillment and logistics services and other e-commerce related services. It is expected that the competition in this market will intensify in the future as companies develop new business models and enhanced technologies, new competitors enter the market, competitors forge new business combinations or alliances, and established companies in other market segments expand to become competitive with the business of Newegg.

Many of Newegg’s current and potential online and brick-and-mortar competitors have larger bases of customers and marketplace sellers, better brand recognition and greater financial, marketing, technical, management and other resources than it does. In addition, some of its competitors have used and may continue to use aggressive pricing or promotional strategies, may have stronger supplier relationships with more favorable terms and inventory allocation and may devote substantially greater resources to their online platforms and system development than it does. Increased competition may result in reduced operating margins, reduced profitability, loss of market share and diminished brand recognition for Newegg.

Newegg competes with online retailers such as Amazon and traditional retailers like Best Buy and Walmart, who sell through brick-and mortar stores and their online websites. In addition, Newegg also faces competition in the international markets it participates in or may enter in the future. Certain other competitors in countries where it operates are subsidiaries of e-commerce competitors in the United States with established local operations and brands and with greater experience and resources than Newegg has. In other countries that Newegg may enter, there may be incumbent online and multi-channel online or brick-and-mortar competitors presently selling IT and CE products. These incumbents may have advantages that could impede Newegg’s expansion and growth in these markets.

Newegg could also experience significant competitive pressure if any of its manufacturers or distributors were to initiate or expand their own online retail operations. Because Newegg’s manufacturers and distributors have access to merchandise at a lower cost than it, they could sell products at lower prices and maintain a higher gross margin on their product sales than Newegg can, and they may have the ability to directly connect with buyers at relatively low cost. This could result in Newegg’s current and potential buyers deciding to purchase directly from these manufacturers and distributors instead of from Newegg. Increased competition from any manufacturer or distributor capable of maintaining high sales volumes and acquiring products at lower prices than Newegg could significantly reduce Newegg’s market share and adversely impact Newegg’s operating results.

There is no assurance that Newegg will be able to compete successfully against current and future competitors. Competitive pressures may materially and adversely affect Newegg’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

A decline in demand for IT and CE products could adversely affect Newegg’s operating results.

Newegg and its Marketplace sellers primarily sell IT and CE products that are often discretionary purchases rather than necessities for consumers. Consequently, Newegg’s results of operations tend to be sensitive to changes in macroeconomic conditions and their impact on consumer spending. Factors including customer confidence, employment levels, conditions in the residential real estate and mortgage markets, access to credit, interest rates, tax rates, customer debt levels and fuel and energy costs could reduce customer spending or change customer purchasing habits in ways that materially and adversely affect demand for the products that Newegg and its Marketplace sellers offer.

There could be declines in the sales of the products offered by Newegg and its Marketplace sellers due to several factors, including:

Additionally, it is expected that some of Newegg’s future growth should be driven by product releases or upgrades that may occur in the near future. If such product releases do not occur or do not drive sales of IT products to the extent expected, Newegg’s future sales may be less than predicted, negatively impacting Newegg’s net sales and net income.

The loss of key employees or the failure to attract qualified personnel could have a material adverse effect on Newegg’s ability to run its business.

The loss of any of Newegg’s current executives, key employees or key advisors, or the failure to attract, integrate, motivate and retain additional key employees, could have a material adverse effect on Newegg’s business. Although Newegg has employment agreements with its executive officers, all of its executive officers are employed “at-will” and could terminate their employment at any time. If Newegg loses one or more of its executive officers or other key employees, its ability to implement its business strategy successfully could be seriously harmed. Furthermore, replacing executive officers or other key employees with other highly skilled and qualified candidates may be difficult and may take an extended period of time. Recruiting skilled personnel is highly competitive. Although to date Newegg has been successful in recruiting and retaining qualified personnel, there can be no assurance that it will continue to attract and retain the personnel needed for its business. The failure to attract or retain qualified personnel could have a material adverse effect on Newegg’s business.

If Newegg is unable to provide a satisfactory customer experience, its reputation would be harmed and it could lose customers.

The success of Newegg’s business depends largely on its ability to provide a superior customer experience to maintain and grow its customer base and keep its customers highly engaged on its online platforms, which in turn depends on a variety of factors. These include Newegg’s ability to continue to maintain a wide range of product offerings with attractive pricing, provide timely and reliable order fulfillment and provide high-quality customer support and service. If Newegg’s customers are not satisfied with its platforms, products or services, or its online platforms are severely interrupted or otherwise fail to meet its customers’ requests, Newegg’s reputation could be adversely affected.

As an e-commerce company, Newegg has limited ability to allow buyers to touch, test and feel products, personally interact with sales and customer service representatives, and receive or return products without waiting or paying for the products to be shipped, like brick-and-mortar retailers or online retailers that have brick-and-mortar operations do. Therefore, it is important that Newegg continues to improve its online platforms, including efforts to encourage the creation of more high-quality and useful user-generated content, such as reviews and commentary, on the products Newegg and its Marketplace sellers offer. If Newegg does not continue to make investments in the development of its online platforms and customer service operations and, as a result, or due to other reasons, fails to provide a high-quality customer experience, Newegg may lose customers, which could adversely impact its operating results.

Newegg currently operates customer service centers in California and Texas and has customer service representatives working remotely in Indiana, Nevada and New Jersey, focusing on serving North American buyers. To enhance its service capabilities and maintain increased access, Newegg operates an Asia-based multilingual customer service center that is available 24 hours a day, seven days a week via e-mail and instant messaging. Any material disruption or slowdown in its customer support services resulting from telephone or internet failures, power or service outages, natural disasters, labor disputes or other events could make it difficult or impossible for Newegg to provide adequate customer support. In addition, the future volume of customer complaints and inquiries may exceed Newegg’s present system capacities. If this occurs, Newegg could experience delays in responding to customer inquiries and addressing customer complaints and concerns. Newegg’s current level of customer support may also fail to meet the expectations of customers. Failure to provide satisfactory levels of customer service may harm Newegg’s reputation, causing potential loss of existing customers and difficulty in acquiring new customers.

Newegg may not succeed in promoting and strengthening its Newegg brand, which may materially and adversely affect its business and results of operations.

Brand recognition is a primary competitive factor in the e-commerce market and will be a key factor in maintaining and expanding Newegg’s customer base, market position and bargaining power with vendors. Any loss of trust in Newegg’s brand could harm its reputation and result in consumers, sellers, brands, vendors and other participants reducing their activity level in Newegg’s business, which could materially reduce its profitability.

If Newegg does not, or is unable to continue to, promote and strengthen the Newegg brand, or if the brand fails to continue to be viewed favorably, Newegg may not be successful in attracting new customers and Marketplace sellers, which could have a material adverse effect on its financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, Newegg competes not only for customers and Marketplace sellers, but also for favorable product allocations and cooperative advertising support from its vendors. If Newegg fails to maintain favorable recognition of its brand, it may not be successful in maintaining and strengthening its relationships with vendors in existing and new product categories or in maintaining existing offerings and sourcing new products at competitive prices and with adequate levels of inventory.

Adverse publicity about Newegg may arise from time to time. Negative comments about its online platforms, the products and services offered by it and its Marketplace sellers or its management may appear in internet postings and other media sources from time to time, and there is no assurance that other types of negative publicity of a more serious nature will not arise in the future. For example, if Newegg’s customer service representatives fail to satisfy the individual needs of the customers, the customers may become disgruntled and disseminate negative comments about Newegg’s customer service. In addition, Newegg’s Marketplace sellers and brand partners may also be subject to negative publicity for various reasons, such as customers’ complaints about the quality of their products and related services or other public relations incidents, which may adversely affect the sales of their products through Newegg and indirectly affect Newegg’s reputation. Moreover, negative publicity about other online retailers or the e-commerce industry in general may arise from time to time and cause customers to lose confidence in the products and services Newegg offers. Any such negative publicity, regardless of veracity, may have a material adverse effect on its business, reputation and financial condition.

Newegg is, or may become, subject to risks associated with its international operations, principally in Canada, which may harm its business.

Newegg began operations on its Canadian retail website, www.newegg.ca, in October 2008. Newegg also has a physical presence in China, Taiwan and the UK. While Newegg is investing in building its business in other markets, it may not be able to successfully manage the challenges associated with its current and future international operations due to risks, such as:

Any one of the foregoing factors could cause Newegg’s business, financial condition and results of operations to suffer.

Newegg’s expansion into new product categories, services, technologies and geographic regions subjects it to additional business, legal, financial and competitive risks.

An important element of Newegg’s business strategy is to expand into new product categories, services, technologies and regions, such as its expansion into Canada and other countries, and its plans to offer various D2C platform services for third parties. In directing its focus into these new areas, Newegg faces numerous risks and challenges, including alienating its core customer base, facing new competitors, having the increased need to develop new strategic relationships and straining its management, personnel, operations, systems, technical performance, financial resources, and internal financial control and reporting functions. There is no assurance that Newegg’s strategy will result in increased net sales or net income. Furthermore, growth into new business areas may require changes to its existing business model and cost structure, modifications to its infrastructure, and exposure to new regulatory and legal risks related to operating in new jurisdictions, any of which may require expertise in areas in which it has little or no experience. These risks may pose a material adverse risk to Newegg’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

Any interruption in Newegg’s fulfillment operations may have an adverse impact on its business.

Newegg’s ability to process and fulfill orders accurately and provide high-quality customer service depends on the smooth operation of its fulfillment infrastructure, including its warehouses and order processing centers. If it does not optimize and operate its fulfillment infrastructure successfully and efficiently, it could result in excess or insufficient fulfillment capacity, an increase in costs or impairment charges and a reduction in its gross profit margin, or harm its business in other ways. If Newegg does not have sufficient fulfillment capacity or experiences a problem fulfilling orders in a timely manner or if certain products are out of stock, its customers may experience delays in receiving their orders, which could harm its reputation and its relationship with its customers.

Newegg’s fulfillment infrastructure may be vulnerable to damage caused by fire, floods, power outages, telecommunications failures, break-ins, earthquakes, human error and other events. For example, its warehouse located in Indianapolis experienced a significant fire in January 2019, causing damage to its inventory. Its fulfillment infrastructure and processes may also contain undetected errors or design flaws that may cause its fulfillment operations to fail and materially impact its business and results of operations. If, for example, any of its warehouses were rendered incapable of operations, Newegg may be unable to fulfill any orders in areas that rely on that warehouse. The occurrence of any of the foregoing risks could have a material adverse effect on Newegg’s business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.

Newegg’s contracts or arrangements with vendors generally do not guarantee the availability of merchandise or provide for the continuation of particular pricing or other practices. Newegg’s vendors may not continue to sell their inventory to it on current terms or at all, and, if the terms are changed, Newegg may not be able to establish new supply relationships on similar or better terms. In most cases, Newegg’s relationships with its vendors do not restrict them from selling their products through its competitors. Newegg competes with other retailers for favorable product allocations and vendor incentives from product manufacturers and distributors, including marketing dollars and volume-based sales incentive programs. Some of Newegg’s competitors could enter into exclusive or favorable distribution arrangements for certain products with its vendors, which would deny Newegg complete or partial access to those products and marketing and promotional resources. In addition, some vendors whose products are offered on Newegg’s online platforms also sell their products directly to customers. If Newegg is unable to develop and maintain relationships with vendors that permit it to obtain sufficient quantities of desirable merchandise on favorable terms, Newegg’s business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely impacted.

Newegg’s relationship with any particular vendor is dependent on its sales of products manufactured or distributed by that vendor. For certain products, Newegg does not currently, and in the future may not be able to, meet the sales volumes or other requirements necessary to receive favorable treatment from the manufacturer of that product. As a result, Newegg may not receive favorable pricing, vendor incentives or other considerations from those vendors. During times of short supply for highly desirable products, Newegg may not receive adequate, or any, allocation of a popular product, leading to lost sales and customer dissatisfaction.

Certain products help create and maintain customer loyalty to the Newegg brand. Failing to maintain an adequate supply of these products could damage its ability to retain customers. Newegg currently does not carry the full product portfolio of, and in some cases does not carry any products of, certain well-known brands. As a result, consumers who are searching for those brands may not be able to purchase products from Newegg or purchase them at the most favorable prices, leading to potentially reduced net sales and net income.

Certain vendors provide a significant portion of Newegg’s merchandise. In the United States and Canada, for the six months ended June 30, 2020, ASI Corporation, an IT and CE product distributor, and Newegg’s 10 largest suppliers (including ASI Corporation) accounted for approximately 12.4% and 70.9% of the merchandise Newegg purchased, respectively. Failure to maintain a positive relationship with these key suppliers could impact Newegg’s ability to sell to customers the products they want.

Newegg’s vendors’ financial performance, liquidity and access to capital may be materially adversely affected by many factors, including but not limited to general economic factors, such as a continued slowdown in the U.S. or global economy or an uncertain economic outlook; political or financial instability; merchandise quality issues; product safety concerns; trade restrictions; work stoppages; tariffs; international trade war; foreign currency exchange rates; transportation capacity and costs; inflation; or outbreak of pandemics. These and other issues may affect their ability to maintain their inventories, production levels and/or product quality and could cause them to raise prices, lower production levels or cease their operations, all of which may in turn materially adversely affect Newegg’s net sales and net income.

If Newegg fails to attract, retain and engage appropriately skilled personnel, including senior management and technology and fulfillment professionals, Newegg’s business may be harmed.

Newegg’s future success depends on its retention of executives. Competition for well-qualified and skilled employees is intense globally, and Newegg’s future success also depends on its continuing ability to attract, develop, motivate and retain highly qualified and skilled employees, including, in particular, software engineers, data scientists and technology and fulfillment professionals. Newegg’s continued ability to compete effectively depends on its ability to attract new employees and to retain and motivate existing employees. All of its senior management and key personnel are employees at will and, as a result, any of these employees could leave with little or no prior notice. If any member of its senior management team or other key employees leave Newegg, its ability to successfully operate its business and execute its business strategy could be adversely affected. Newegg may also have to incur significant costs in identifying, hiring, training and retaining replacements of departing employees.

Newegg must comply with all applicable U.S. export and import laws and regulations. Such laws and regulations include, but are not limited to, the Export Administration Act and the Export Administration Regulations. Newegg must also comply with U.S. sanctions laws and regulations, which are primarily administered by the U.S. Department of Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control, as well as other U.S. government agencies. U.S. sanctions generally prohibit transactions by U.S. persons, including us, involving sanctioned countries, entities and persons, without U.S. government authorization (which will rarely be granted). Non-U.S. subsidiaries of U.S. companies are required to comply with U.S. sanctions against Cuba and Iran.

Violations of U.S. laws and regulations relating to trade, export and import controls and economic sanctions could result in significant civil and/or criminal penalties on Newegg or on its foreign subsidiaries, including fines, prohibitions on exporting and importing, prohibitions on receiving government contracts or other government assistance and other trade-related restrictions. U.S. enforcement of such laws and regulations continues to increase.

Newegg must also comply with applicable foreign laws relating to trade, export and import controls and economic sanctions. Newegg may not be aware of all of such laws applicable in the markets in which it does business, which subjects it to the risk of potential violations.

Newegg conducts marketing activities to help attract visitors to its online platforms, and if it is unable to attract these visitors or convert them into customers in a cost-effective manner, Newegg’s business and results of operations could be harmed.

Newegg’s success depends on its ability to attract visitors to its online platforms and convert them into customers in a cost-effective manner. Newegg relies on search engines, social media, shopping comparison sites and other affiliate networks to provide content, advertising banners and other links that direct visitors to its online platforms. As of June 30, 2020, approximately 36% of its website and mobile app visitors were referred to it through paid and unpaid search engine listings, shopping comparison sites and other affiliate networks that provide links to its online platforms. In particular, Newegg relies on search engines, such as Google, Microsoft Bing and Yahoo!, as important marketing channels. If search engines change their search engine algorithms periodically or penalize Newegg for non-compliance with their guidelines while using their algorithms, terms of service, or display and featuring of search results, or if competition increases for advertisements, Newegg may be unable to cost-effectively drive visitors to its websites and mobile apps. Newegg also sometimes pays these third parties to include or highlight its websites in their search results. If such third parties modify or terminate their relationship with Newegg or increase the price they charge to Newegg, if Newegg’s competitors offer them greater fees for traffic, or if any free third-party platforms on which Newegg relies begin charging fees for listing or placement, Newegg’s expenses could rise and traffic to its websites could decrease, resulting in harm to its operations.

Newegg’s success also depends on its ability to convert its visitors to its websites and mobile apps into paying customers, a process which is partially reliant upon its ability to identify and purchase relevant keyword search terms, provide relevant content on its online platforms and effectively target its other marketing programs, such as internet portal referrals, e-mail campaigns and affiliate programs. If Newegg is unable to attract visitors to its websites and mobile apps and convert them into customers cost-effectively, its business and financial results may be harmed.

Newegg is partially dependent on third parties to perform a number of its e-commerce functions. If such third parties are unwilling or unable to continue providing these services, Newegg’s business could be harmed.

As of June 30, 2020, approximately 29.3% of Newegg’s Gross Merchandise Value (“GMV”) were generated by the sale of products fulfilled through third parties. These third parties provide various services on Newegg’s behalf, including inventory maintenance and order processing. Newegg has no effective means to ensure that these third parties will continue to perform these services to its satisfaction, in a manner satisfactory to its customers or on commercially reasonable terms. Newegg’s customers may become dissatisfied and cancel their orders or decline to make future purchases if these third parties fail to deliver products on a timely basis. If Newegg’s customers become dissatisfied with the services provided by these third parties, Newegg’s reputation and brand could suffer.

If Newegg fails to manage its inventory effectively, its financial condition, results of operations and liquidity may be materially and adversely affected.

Newegg’s scale and business model require it to manage a large volume of inventory effectively. As Newegg may continue expanding its product offerings, Newegg expects to include more SKUs in its inventory, which could make it more challenging for Newegg to manage its inventory effectively and put more pressure on its warehousing system.

Newegg purchases most of the merchandise that it sells directly to customers on its online platforms from manufacturers or distributors. Newegg assumes inventory damage, theft, obsolescence, and price erosion risks for its inventory. These risks are especially significant as most of the merchandise sold on its online platforms is characterized by rapid technological change, obsolescence and price erosion. For the six months ended June 30, 2020, Newegg recorded inventory write-offs or write-downs totaling $1.5 million, or 0.2% of its cost of goods sold. Newegg may sell obsolete or dated merchandise at a discount or loss. If there were unforeseen product developments or if vendors were to change their terms and conditions, Newegg’s inventory risks could increase. Newegg also periodically takes advantage of cost savings associated with certain opportunistic bulk inventory purchases offered by its vendors. These bulk purchases increase Newegg’s exposure to inventory obsolescence. Newegg’s success depends on its ability to sell its inventory rapidly, purchase inventory at attractive prices relative to its resale value and manage customer returns and the shrinkage resulting from theft, loss and misrecording of inventory. If Newegg is unsuccessful in any of these areas, it may be forced to write down or write off substantial amounts of inventory, or sell it at a discount or loss, which could materially and adversely impact Newegg’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

Newegg depends on its demand forecasts for various kinds of products to make purchase decisions and to manage its inventory. Newegg is exposed to inventory risks as a result of seasonality, new product launches, rapid changes in product cycles and pricing, defective merchandise, changes in consumer demand, tastes and spending patterns, and other factors. While Newegg endeavors to accurately predict these trends and avoid overstocking or understocking products it sells, the demand for products can change significantly between the time inventory is ordered and the date of sale, and Newegg may be unable to sell products in sufficient quantities as it expects. Furthermore, Newegg may in the future open additional warehouses and duplicate part of the inventory for its direct sales business that is stored at its current warehouses to increase its overall fulfillment efficiency as it grows its business, which will also increase the inventory risks its direct sales business faces. Failure to effectively manage its inventory risk could have a material adverse effect on Newegg’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

Newegg has incurred net loss in the past and may continue to experience losses in the future.

Newegg incurred a net loss of $17.0 million and $33.6 million in 2019 and 2018, respectively. We cannot assure you that Newegg will be able to generate net profits or positive cash flow from operating activities in the future. Newegg’s ability to achieve and maintain profitability will depend in large part on its ability to, among other things, source and sell more high margin products, grow and diversify its supplier base, and optimize its cost structure. Newegg may not be able to achieve any of the above. As Newegg continues to grow and expand its business, its operating expenses may increase further. As a result of the foregoing, we believe that Newegg may incur net losses for in the future.

If Newegg fails to adopt new technologies or adapt its websites, mobile apps and systems to changing customer requirements or emerging industry standards, its business may be materially and adversely affected.

To remain competitive, Newegg must continue to enhance and improve the responsiveness, functionality and features of its online platforms, including its websites and mobile apps. The internet and the e-commerce industry are characterized by rapid technological evolution, frequent introductions of new products and services embodying new technologies and the emergence of new industry standards and practices, and changes in customer requirements and preferences, any of which could render Newegg’s existing technologies and systems obsolete. Newegg may be required to devote substantial resources to developing proprietary technologies or license technologies, enhancing its existing websites and mobile apps, developing new services and technology that address the increasingly sophisticated and varied needs of its current and prospective customers and adapting to technological advances and emerging industry and regulatory standards and practices in a cost-effective and timely manner. The development of proprietary technology entails significant technical and business risks. There can be no assurance that Newegg’s efforts to develop proprietary technologies will succeed or that any technology licenses will be available on commercially reasonable terms. Substantial investments will be required to remain technologically competitive, and Newegg’s failure to do so may harm its business and results of operations.

The seasonality of Newegg’s business places increased strain on its operations.

Newegg historically experiences higher sales in the fourth quarter due to the holiday season. If Newegg does not stock or restock popular products in sufficient amounts such that it fails to meet customer demand, it could significantly affect its revenue and future growth. If Newegg overstocks products, Newegg may be required to take significant inventory markdowns or write-offs and incur commitment costs, which could reduce profitability. Newegg may experience an increase in its net shipping cost due to complimentary upgrades, split-shipments and additional long-zone shipments necessary to ensure timely delivery for the holiday season. If too many customers access its online platforms within a short period of time due to increased holiday demand, Newegg may experience system interruptions that make its online platforms unavailable or prevent it from efficiently fulfilling orders, which may reduce the volume of goods sold through its online platforms and the attractiveness of its products and services. In addition, Newegg may be unable to adequately staff its fulfillment and customer service capability during these peak periods.

As Newegg tends to experience higher sales in the fourth quarter, Newegg experiences an increase in its cash position at year-end, as compared to the first, second and third quarters when sales are lower. As of December 31 of each year, Newegg’s cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities balances typically reach their highest level (other than as a result of cash flows provided by or used in investing and financing activities). In anticipation of higher sales during the holiday season, Newegg typically begins building up inventory levels in the later part of the third quarter. As a result of this inventory build-up and faster inventory turnover during the fourth quarter, Newegg’s accounts payable are typically at their highest levels at year-end. As sales begin to slow in the first and second quarters, inventory levels decrease, inventory turnover lengthens, and accounts payable and cash balances decrease as Newegg pays its vendors. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in increased cash and accounts payable balances at June 30, 2020 due to an increased demand for Newegg’s products. Inventory levels increased and turned faster than normal as a result of increased sales.

The successful operation of Newegg’s business depends upon the performance, reliability and security of the internet infrastructure in the countries where it operates.

Newegg’s business depends on the performance, reliability and security of the telecommunications and internet infrastructure in the countries where it operates. Newegg has several servers located in China providing development, testing and quality control services. Almost all access to the internet in China is maintained through state-owned telecommunication operators under the administrative control and regulatory supervision of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People’s Republic of China, or the MIIT. In addition, the national networks in China are connected to the internet through state-owned international gateways, which are the only channels through which a domestic user can connect to the internet outside China. Newegg may face similar or other limitations in other countries in which it operates. Newegg may not have access to alternative networks in the event of disruptions, failures or other problems with the internet infrastructure in China or elsewhere. In addition, the internet infrastructure in the countries in which it operates may not support the demands associated with continued growth in internet usage.

The failure of telecommunications network operators to provide Newegg with the requisite bandwidth could also interfere with the speed and availability of Newegg’s websites and mobile apps. If the prices that Newegg pays for telecommunications and internet services rise significantly, Newegg’s gross margins could be adversely affected. In addition, if internet access fees or other charges to internet users increase, Newegg’s user traffic may decrease, which in turn may significantly decrease its revenues.

If Newegg is unable to manage its growth or execute its strategies effectively, Newegg’s business and prospects may be materially and adversely affected.

Newegg’s success depends upon its ability to manage the growth of its operations effectively. Newegg anticipates expanding further as it pursues its growth strategies. Newegg’s expansion increases the complexity of its business and places a significant strain on its management, operations, technical systems, financial resources and internal control over financial reporting functions. Newegg’s current and planned personnel, systems, procedures and controls may not be adequate to support and effectively manage its future operations, especially as it employs personnel in several geographic locations. In addition, Newegg’s growth will require it to improve its operational and financial systems, procedures and controls, successfully manage international operations and hire additional personnel. These efforts may not be successful, and Newegg may be unable to improve its systems, procedures and controls in a timely manner. Delays or problems associated with any of these initiatives could harm its business and operating results. These initiatives will also cause its operating expenses to increase. If Newegg fails to accurately estimate and assess its growth or fails to increase net sales to match its increased operating expenses, Newegg’s financial condition and results of operations could suffer.

An adverse change in the vendor payment terms and conditions may have a material adverse effect on Newegg’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

Newegg purchases its inventory from vendors on trade accounts typically requiring payment between 15 and 45 days after the date the inventory is shipped to Newegg. As of June 30, 2020, its accounts payable balance was approximately $221.9 million with 55 days of payables outstanding. Newegg’s accounts payable balances as of June 30, 2020 represented 46.3% of its liabilities, temporary equity and stockholders’ equity. An adverse change in its vendors’ payment terms and conditions would significantly increase its working capital requirements and have a material adverse effect on Newegg’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

Many of the products that Newegg purchases for direct sale on its online platforms are manufactured in countries outside the United States. These imported products subject Newegg to the risk of changes in import duties or quotas, new restrictions on imports, work stoppages, delays in shipment, freight cost increases, product cost increases due to foreign currency fluctuations or revaluations and economic uncertainties (including the imposition of antidumping or countervailing duty orders, safeguards, remedies or compensation and retaliation due to illegal foreign trade practices) and instability in the political and economic environments of the countries in which the manufacturers of these products operate. If any of these or other factors were to cause a disruption of trade from these countries, Newegg may be unable to obtain sufficient quantities of these imported products to satisfy its requirements or its cost of obtaining such products may increase. Historically, instability in the political and economic environments of the countries in which Newegg’s suppliers operate has not had a material adverse effect on its operations. However, the effect that future changes in economic or political conditions in the foreign countries where Newegg’s supplying manufacturers are located may have on its operations cannot be predicted. Potential disruptions or delays in supply due to economic or political conditions in foreign countries could adversely affect Newegg’s results of operations unless and until alternative supply arrangements are made.

Newegg relies on trademark and copyright law, trade secret protection and confidentiality or licensing agreements with employees, buyers, third-party sellers, brand partners and others to protect its proprietary rights. These steps may be inadequate, agreements may be violated or there may be inadequate remedies for a violation of such agreements. Newegg’s competitors may independently develop equivalent proprietary information and rights or may otherwise gain access to Newegg’s trade secrets or proprietary information, which could affect Newegg’s ability to compete in the market. There is no assurance that the steps that Newegg has taken will adequately protect its proprietary rights, especially in countries where the laws or enforcement of the laws may not protect its rights to the same extent or in the same way as in the United States.

In addition, third parties may infringe or misappropriate Newegg’s proprietary rights, and Newegg could be required to enforce its intellectual property rights, which could require expenditure of significant financial and managerial resources. Newegg has registered and common law trademark rights in the United States and certain foreign jurisdictions, as well as pending trademark applications for a number of marks and associated domain names. Even if it obtains approval for such pending applications, the resulting registrations may not adequately cover its trademarks or protect it against infringement or dilution by others. Effective trademark, service mark, copyright, patent and trade secret protection may not be available in every country or jurisdiction in which Newegg’s products may be made available online, which may cause Newegg’s business and operating results to suffer. In addition, Newegg may be unable to acquire or protect relevant domain names in the United States and in other countries. If Newegg is not able to acquire or protect its trademarks, domain names or other intellectual property, it may experience difficulties in achieving and maintaining brand recognition and customer loyalty.

Assertions, claims and allegations, even if not true, that Newegg has infringed or violated intellectual property rights could harm Newegg’s business and reputation.

Third parties have, and likely will in the future, assert allegations and claims of intellectual property infringement against Newegg on the items or their descriptions listed on Newegg’s websites and mobile apps. Any such claims, disputes or litigation, even if resolved in Newegg’s favor or not true, could be time-consuming and costly to defend, and could divert its management’s efforts from growing its business. Newegg has intellectual property complaint and take-down procedures in place to address communications alleging that items listed on online platforms, including the Newegg Marketplace, infringe third-party copyrights, trademarks or other intellectual property rights. Newegg follows these procedures to review complaints and relevant facts to determine the appropriate action, which may include removal of the item from its online platforms and, in certain cases, discontinuing its relationship with a Marketplace seller or brand partner who violates Newegg’s policies. However, these rules and procedures may not effectively reduce or eliminate Newegg’s liability. In particular, Newegg may be subject to civil or criminal liability for activities carried out, including products listed, by sellers or brands on its online platforms.

If any third parties prevail in their intellectual property rights claims against Newegg, Newegg may be required to pay significant licensing fees, damages and attorney’s fees, and may even be liable for punitive damages if Newegg is found to have willfully infringed third parties’ proprietary rights. Newegg may have to stop using certain technology or solutions and need to develop or acquire alternative, non-infringing technology or solutions, which could require significant time and resources. Newegg could even be required to obtain a license to use certain technologies, although such licenses may not be available on reasonable terms or at all, which may result in substantial payments and royalties and significantly increase its operating expenses. If Newegg cannot develop non-infringing technology or license the appropriate technology at commercially reasonable rates, an intellectual property claim successfully asserted against it could cause significant business interruptions in Newegg’s operations, which could restrict Newegg’s ability to compete effectively and have a material adverse effect on its financial condition and results of operations.

Newegg may be subject to product liability claims, which could be costly and time-consuming to defend.

The majority of the products sold on Newegg’s online platforms are manufactured by third parties, and some of them may be defectively designed or manufactured. If any product Newegg sells were to cause physical injury or injury to property, an injured party could bring claims against Newegg as the retailer of the product. Furthermore, Newegg also offers IT components and peripherals under its private labels on its platforms or through other e-commerce platforms, such as eBay, which could potentially create more exposure for Newegg with respect to product liability than if Newegg simply acted as a retailer of third-party products. Newegg’s insurance coverage may not be adequate against such product liability claims. If a successful claim were brought against Newegg in excess of its insurance coverage, it could adversely affect Newegg’s financial condition and results of operations. Even unsuccessful claims could result in the expenditure of significant funds and management time in defending them and could have a negative impact on Newegg’s reputation and business.

Some of Newegg’s software and systems contain open source software, which may pose particular risks to Newegg’s proprietary software and solutions.

Newegg has incorporated open source software code into some of its internal software and systems and expects to continue to use this open source software in the future. The licenses applicable to open source software typically require that the source code subject to the license be made available to the public and that any modifications or derivative works to open source software continue to be licensed under open source licenses. From time to time, Newegg may face intellectual property infringement claims from third parties, demands for the release or license of the open source software or derivative works that Newegg developed using such software (which could include Newegg’s proprietary source code) or claims that otherwise seek to enforce the terms of the applicable open source license. These claims could result in litigation and could require Newegg to purchase a costly license, publicly release the affected portions of Newegg’s source code, be limited in the licensing of Newegg’s technologies or cease offering the implicated solutions unless and until Newegg can re-engineer them to avoid infringement or change the use of the implicated open source software. In addition to risks related to license requirements, use of certain open source software can lead to greater risks than use of third-party commercial software, as open source licensors generally do not provide warranties, indemnities or other contractual protections with respect to the software (for example, non-infringement or functionality). Newegg’s use of open source software may also present additional security risks because the source code for open source software is publicly available, which may make it easier for hackers and other third parties to determine how to breach Newegg’s websites, mobile apps and systems that rely on open source software. Any of these risks could be difficult to eliminate or manage and, if not addressed, could have a material adverse effect on Newegg’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

Newegg and its Marketplace sellers’ pricing strategy may not meet customers’ price expectations or result in net income.

Demand for Newegg’s products is generally highly sensitive to price. Its pricing strategies have had, and may continue to have, a significant impact on its net sales and net income. Newegg often offers discounted prices, free or discounted shipping or bundled products as a means of attracting customers and encouraging repeat purchases. Such offers and discounts may reduce its margins. Moreover, Newegg’s competitors’ pricing and marketing strategies are beyond its control and can significantly impact the results of its pricing strategies. If Newegg fails to meet its customers’ price expectations in any given period, or if its competitors decide to engage in aggressive pricing strategies, its business and results of operations would suffer.

In addition, under applicable federal and state unfair competition laws, including the California Consumer Legal Remedies Act, and U.S. Federal Trade Commission regulations, Newegg is required to accurately identify product offerings, not make misleading claims on its platforms, and use qualifying disclosures where and when appropriate. Newegg is particularly subject to the risks associated with its discounting pricing practices as a result of the aggressive judicial interpretations of deceptive pricing laws, particularly in California, which has led to numerous class action settlements by online and brick-mortar retailers over the past few years. For example, Newegg was named as the defendant in a putative class action accusing it of violating the False Advertising Law, the Unfair Competition Law and the Consumer Legal Remedies Act by using allegedly deceptive list prices with allegedly overstated discounts for its electronic products. While the trial court had sustained without leave to amend Newegg’s demurrer to such lawsuit, in July 2018, a California appellate panel reversed the trial court’s judgment and reinstated the action against it. This matter is still pending as of the date of this registration statement. There can be no assurance that Newegg will be able to prevail in the foregoing action or that we will be able to settle the dispute on terms favorable to us. Any adverse outcome of the foregoing class action or other lawsuits challenging deceptive pricing against it could have a material adverse effect on Newegg’s reputation, business and financial condition.

Newegg does not control the pricing strategies of its Marketplace sellers, which could affect its net income and its ability to effectively compete on price with other e-commerce retailers and brick-and-mortar stores. Its Marketplace sellers may determine that they can more competitively price their products through other distribution channels and may choose such other channels instead of listing products on Newegg’s Marketplace, which could adversely affect its business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. Additionally, retailers and brands often employ different pricing based on the geographical location of consumers, which is accomplished online through geo-blocking that blocks a consumer’s ability to access certain websites based on geography. Legislation in the European Union removed certain types of geo-blocking in the European Union. This could allow Newegg’s consumers registered in the European Union to access and make purchases through its Marketplace at the prices listed in different European geographies irrespective of their country of residence in Europe. This could adversely affect Newegg’s business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Newegg may incur additional costs due to tax assessments resulting from ongoing and future audits by tax authorities.

In the ordinary course of business, Newegg is subject to tax examinations by various governmental tax authorities. The global and diverse nature of its business means that there could be additional examinations by governmental tax authorities and the resolution of ongoing and other probable audits which could impose a future risk to the results of Newegg’s business. For example, in February 2018, Newegg received from the Commonwealth of Massachusetts Department of Revenue a notice of intent to assess sales and use taxes relating to a prior tax period, which subsequently resulted in an assessment of $295,910.68, including penalties and interest. In May 2020, Newegg received from the Commonwealth of Massachusetts Department of Revenue another notice of assessment for sales and use taxes for additional prior tax periods in the amount of a total assessment of $2,721,369.77, including penalties and interest. Newegg has appealed these assessments and Newegg intends to vigorously protest the assessments. The outcome of the matter or the timing of such payment, if any, cannot be predicted at this time. However, the ultimate results, if unfavorable, could have a material impact on Newegg’s consolidated financial position, cash flows, and results of operations.

Significant developments stemming from recent U.S. government actions and proposals concerning tariffs and other economic proposals could have a material adverse effect on us.

As of June 30, 2020, approximately 59% of Newegg’s products that were sold through its platforms were manufactured in China. Recent U.S. government actions are imposing greater restrictions and economic disincentives on international trade impacting imports and exports. The U.S. government has adopted changes, and intends to adopt further changes, to trade policy and in some cases, to renegotiate, or potentially terminate, certain existing bilateral or multi-lateral trade agreements. It has initiated the imposition of additional tariffs on certain foreign goods, including steel and aluminum, semiconductor manufacturing equipment and spare parts thereof. The government has amended export regulations regarding sales to companies on the U.S. Entity List. These changes prevent sales of foreign produced direct product of the U.S. that is manufactured using controlled U.S.-origin equipment, technology, and software located outside the United States to companies on the U.S. Entity List.

Examples of recent actions are tariffs on steel and aluminum product imports announced by the U.S. Department of Commerce in March 2018, the scope of which increased on February 8, 2020, and a 25% tariff on certain products that originate in China announced by the United States Trade Representative (“USTR”) in June 2018. The USTR also announced in June and July 2018 two additional supplemental lists of products that are subject to tariffs if the goods imported into the United States originate in China, which would increase the cost of imported products. These supplemental lists issued by the USTR added an additional 25% tariff on certain semiconductor equipment and parts originating in China that are sold by it or used in its business in the United States. In August 2018, the second list was made effective with a 25% tariff and in September 2018 the third list was made effective with a 10% tariff, increasing to 25% in May 2019. A fourth list was proposed by USTR in May 2019 for all remaining items originating in China. A portion of the fourth list (“4a”), was made effective September 1, 2019, with an additional tariff of 15%, reduced to 7.5% on February 14, 2020. The remainder of the fourth list (“4b”) was scheduled to have an additional tariff of 15% go into effect on December 15, 2019; however on December 13, 2019, the tariffs for list 4b were suspended after the U.S. announced it would enter into a trade agreement with China (the “Phase 1 Agreement”). Although the Phase 1 Agreement was signed January 15, 2020, implementation has been delayed due to COVID-19; however, Phase 1 will have no impact on the tariffs imposed on Company products. A Phase 2 Agreement could be announced after the U.S. elections in November of 2020. Any increase in the cost of importing such goods and parts could decrease its margins, reduce the competitiveness of its products, or inhibit its ability to sell products or purchase necessary parts, which could have a material adverse effect on Newegg’s business results, results of operations, or financial condition.

On April 28, 2020 the U.S. Department of Commerce issued new rules that (1) expand the definition of military end use and (2) eliminate the applicability of certain license exceptions for exports to countries on Country Group D of Supplement No. 1 to part 740 of the Export Administration Regulations. These changes expand export license requirements for U.S. companies to sell certain items to companies in China that have operations that could support military end uses, even if the items sold by the U.S. companies are for civilian end use and they reduce the applicability of license exceptions for exports to those countries listed on Country Group D, including China. Additionally, amendments to General Prohibition Three (Foreign-Produced Direct Product Rule) and the Entity List were effective May 15, 2020. These amendments expand the restrictions on the sale of foreign-made goods that are based on U.S. technology, and software located outside the United States to companies on the U.S. Entity List, and regulate the use of U.S. origin semiconductor manufacturing equipment that produces semiconductor devices for companies on the U.S. Entity List. The rule changes for export controls may reduce or impair Newegg’s customers’ ability to sell products internationally, which could in turn decrease the demand for its products and have a material adverse effect on Newegg’s revenues and profitability. At this time, the additional proposed rule changes are not anticipated to impact the Company’s sales of non-U.S. products; however, any unpredicted rule changes could adversely affect Newegg’s business results, operations, or financial condition.

Changes in U.S. trade policy could result in one or more U.S. trading partners adopting responsive trade policy making it more difficult or costly for Newegg to export its products to those countries. As indicated above, these measures could also result in increased costs for goods imported into the U.S. This in turn could require Newegg to increase prices to its customers which may reduce demand, or, if Newegg is unable to increase prices, result in lowering its margin on goods and services sold. To the extent that trade tariffs and other restrictions imposed by the U.S. increase the price of semiconductor equipment and related parts imported into the U.S., the cost of its materials may be adversely affected and the demand from customers for products and services may be diminished, which could adversely affect Newegg’s revenues and profitability.

We cannot predict future trade policy, the terms of any renegotiated trade agreements or additional imposed tariffs and their impact on Newegg’s business. The adoption and expansion of trade restrictions, the occurrence of a trade war, or other governmental action related to tariffs or trade agreements or policies has the potential to adversely impact demand for its products, its costs, its customers, its suppliers, and the U.S. economy, which in turn could adversely impact Newegg’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

Changes in U.S. social, political, regulatory and economic conditions or in laws and policies governing foreign trade, manufacturing, development and investment in the territories and countries where it currently develops and sells products, and any negative sentiments towards the United States as a result of such changes, could adversely affect Newegg’s business. In addition, negative sentiments towards the United States among non-U.S. customers and among non-U.S. employees or prospective employees could adversely affect sales or hiring and retention, respectively.

Employment laws in some of the countries in which Newegg operates are relatively stringent.

As of June 30, 2020, Newegg had 1,508 full-time employees, of whom approximately 52% were located in the United States, 38% in China, 8% in Taiwan, 2% in Canada and 0% in other countries and regions. In some of the countries in which it operates, employment laws may grant significant job protection to employees, including rights on termination of employment and setting maximum number of hours and days per week that a particular employee is permitted to work. In addition, in certain countries in which it operates, Newegg is or may be required to consult and seek the advice of employee representatives and/or unions. These laws, coupled with the requirement to consult with any relevant employee representatives and unions, could impact its ability to react to market changes and the needs of its business.

Newegg and certain of its subsidiaries have entered into a credit agreement with financial institutions which contain a number of covenants that limit its ability and its subsidiaries’ ability to, among other things, incur indebtedness, create liens, make investments, merge with other companies, dispose of its assets, prepay other indebtedness and make dividends and other distributions. The obligations under the credit agreements are also guaranteed by assets of Newegg or those of Newegg’s subsidiaries. The terms of the credit agreements may restrict Newegg’s current and future operations and could adversely affect Newegg’s ability to finance its future operations or capital needs or to execute business strategies in the means or manner desired. In addition, complying with these covenants may make it more difficult for it to successfully execute its business strategy, invest in its growth strategy and compete against companies who are not subject to such restrictions. The credit agreements also contain financial covenants that require Newegg to maintain certain minimum financial ratios and maintain an operating banking relationship with the financial institutions. Although Newegg has been in compliance with the financial covenants, it cannot guarantee that it will continue to be able to generate sufficient cash flow or sales to meet the financial covenants or pay the principal or interest under the credit agreements.

If Newegg is unable to comply with its payment requirements, the financial institutions may accelerate Newegg’s obligations under the credit agreement and foreclose upon the collateral, or it may be forced to sell assets, restructure its indebtedness or seek additional equity capital, which would dilute shareholders’ interests. If Newegg fails to comply with any covenant it could result in an event of default under the agreement and the lenders could make the entire debt immediately due and payable. If this occurs, Newegg might not be able to repay the debt or borrow sufficient funds to refinance it. Even if new financing is available, it may not be on terms that are acceptable to Newegg.

Our Class A common shares are traded and listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol of “LLIT.” On September 11, 2019, we received a notification letter from the NASDAQ Listing Qualifications Staff of NASDAQ notifying us that the minimum bid price per share for our Class A common shares had been below $1.00 for a period of 30 consecutive business days and we therefore no longer met the minimum bid price requirements set forth in NASDAQ Listing Rule 5550(a)(2). We were granted a compliance period of 180 days, or until March 9, 2020 to regain the compliance.

On January 2, 2020, we received another notification letter from the NASDAQ Listing Qualifications Staff notifying us that we no longer complied with the minimum of $2.5 million in stockholders’ equity for continued listing on NASDAQ under NASDAQ’s Listing Rule 5550(b)(1) and that we also did not comply with either of the two alternative standards of Listing Rule 5550(b), the market value standard and the net income standard. We thereafter submitted a plan to regain compliance with NASDAQ’s applicable listing standards. On March 10, 2020, in consideration of our recent three financings, from which we received gross proceeds of approximately $8.08 million, the NASDAQ Listing Qualifications Staff determined that we comply with the stockholders’ equity requirement set forth in Listing Rule 5550(b)(1). On the same date, given that except the minimum bid price requirement, we met all other applicable requirements for initial listing on NASDAQ, the NASDAQ Listing Qualifications Staff recognized our intention of curing the bid price deficiency by effecting a reverse stock split, and granted a second compliance period of 180 days, or until September 8, 2020, to regain compliance. The second compliance period was thereafter extended to November 20, 2020 by NASDAQ per SR-NASDAQ-2020-021. On October 21, 2020, we effectuated a share combination of our common shares at a ratio of one-for-eight in order to increase the per share trading price of our Class A common shares to satisfy the $1.00 minimum bid price requirement. We regained compliance with the minimum bid price rule on November 10, 2020.

However, there is no assurance that we will be able to continue to maintain our compliance with NASDAQ continued listing requirements. If we fail to do so, our Class A common shares may lose their status on Nasdaq Capital Market and they would likely be traded on the over-the-counter market, including the Pink Sheets market. As a result, selling our common shares could be more difficult because smaller quantities of shares would likely be bought and sold, transactions could be delayed, and security analysts’ coverage of us may be reduced. In addition, in the event our common shares are delisted, broker dealers would bear certain regulatory burdens which may discourage broker dealers from effecting transactions in our common shares and further limit the liquidity of our shares. These factors could result in lower prices and larger spreads in the bid and ask prices for our common shares. Such delisting from NASDAQ and continued or further declines in our common share price could also greatly impair our ability to raise additional necessary capital through equity or debt financing and could significantly increase the ownership dilution to shareholders caused by our issuing equity in financing or other transactions.

An active trading market for our Common Shares may not develop and the trading price for the Common Shares may fluctuate significantly.

Prior to the completion of this Offering, our Class A Common Shares are trading on NASDAQ. We have also applied to NASDAQ to list our Common Shares upon the consummation of the Restructure and this Offering when our dual class structure is eliminated, but we cannot assure you that a liquid public market for our Common Shares will develop, especially given the our Principal Shareholders will own approximately [●]% of the Company’s Common Share assuming gross proceeds of $30 million from this Offering. If an active public market for our common shares does not develop following the completion of this Offering, the market price and liquidity of our common shares may be materially and adversely affected. The offering price for our common shares shall be determined by negotiation between us and the underwriters based upon several factors, and we can provide no assurance that the trading price of our common shares after this Offering will not decline below the initial public offering price. As a result, investors in our securities may experience a significant decrease in the value of their common shares.

The trading price of the Common Shares is likely to be volatile and could fluctuate widely due to multiple factors, some of which are beyond our control.

This may happen because of broad market and industry factors. In addition to market and industry factors, the price and trading volume for the Common Shares may be highly volatile due to other factors, including the following:

From time to time, our directors, officers and we may be involved in investigations or other forms of regulatory or governmental inquiry covering a range of possible issues including but not limited to securities laws compliance. These inquiries or investigations could lead to administrative, civil or criminal proceedings involving us and could result in fines, penalties, restitution, other types of sanctions, or the need for us to undertake remedial actions, or to alter its business, financial or accounting practices. Our practice is to cooperate fully with regulatory and governmental inquiries and investigations.

For example, on August 6, 2020, Hangzhou Lianluo and Mr. Zhitao He received an investigation notice from China Securities Regulatory Commission (“CSRC”) for alleged violation of laws and regulations regarding information disclosures of Hangzhou Lianluo. Hangzhou Lianluo is a PRC company with shares listed on Shenzhen Stock Exchange. Mr. He is the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Hangzhou Lianluo. Hangzhou Lianluo is also the largest shareholder of the Company and Mr. He was the former Chairman and the former Chief Executive Officer of LLIT and will be appointed as the chairman of the board of the post-closing issuer immediately prior to the completion of this Offering. Hangzhou Lianluo has announced this investigation on August 7, 2020 and stated that it will fully cooperate with CSRC in the investigation. As the investigation is still at a relatively early stage, the Company is currently unable to assess the likely outcomes of such proceedings. On October 19, 2020, Hangzhou Lianluo announced that it has received a notice of administrative punishment from Zhejiang Regulatory Bureau of CSRC, which provides, among others, that (i) Hangzhou Lianluo is receiving a warning and required to correct its unlawful acts and pay a fine of RMB 300,000, and (ii) Mr. Zhitao He is receiving a warning and required to pay a fine of RMB 400,000. The unfavorable ultimate outcome regarding this investigation could cause reputational harm to us.

Legal proceedings, inquiries and regulatory investigations are often unpredictable, and it is possible that the ultimate resolution of any such matters, if unfavorable, may be material to the our results of operations in any future period, depending, in part, upon the size of the loss or liability imposed and the operating results for the period, and could have a material adverse effect on the our business. In addition, regardless of the ultimate outcome of any such legal proceeding, inquiry or investigation, any such matter could cause us to incur additional expenses, which could be significant, and possibly material, to our results of operations in any future period.

Any of these factors may result in large and sudden changes in the volume and price at which the Common Shares will trade.

In the past, shareholders of a public company often brought securities class action suits against the company following periods of instability in the market price of that company’s securities. If we were involved in a class action suit, it could divert a significant amount of our management’s attention and other resources from our business and operations, which could harm our results of operations and require us to incur significant expenses to defend the suit. Any such class action suit, whether or not successful, could harm our reputation and restrict our ability to raise capital in the future. In addition, if a claim is successfully made against us, we may be required to pay significant damages, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Because our offering price is substantially higher than our net tangible book value per share, you will experience immediate and substantial dilution.

If you purchase Common Shares in this Offering, you will pay more for the Common Shares than the amount paid by our existing shareholders for their Common Shares on a per-Common Share basis. As a result, you will experience immediate and substantial dilution of approximately $[●] per Common Share, based on an assumed offering price of $[●] per Common Share, being the midpoint of the estimated range of the offering price shown on the cover of this prospectus. See “Dilution” for a more complete description of how the value of your investment in the Common Shares will be diluted upon the completion of this Offering.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or reports about our business, or if they adversely change their recommendations regarding the Common Shares, the market price for the Common Shares and trading volume could decline.

The trading market for the Common Shares will be influenced by research or reports that industry or securities analysts publish about our business. If one or more analysts who cover us downgrade the Common Shares, the market price for the Common Shares would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease to cover us or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause the market price or trading volume for the Common Shares to decline.

Investors may have difficulty enforcing judgments against us, our directors and management.

We are incorporated under the laws of the BVI and many of our directors and some of our officers reside outside the United States. Moreover, many of these persons do not have significant assets in the United States. As a result, it may be difficult or impossible to effect service of process within the United States upon these persons, or to recover against us or them on judgments of U.S. courts, including judgments predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws.

The courts of the BVI would not automatically enforce judgments of U.S. courts obtained in actions against us or our directors and officers, or some of the experts named herein, predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws, or entertain actions brought in the BVI against us or such persons predicated solely upon U.S. federal securities laws. Further, there is no treaty in effect between the United States and the BVI providing for the enforcement of judgments of U.S. courts in civil and commercial matters, and there are grounds upon which BVI courts may decline to enforce the judgments of U.S. courts. Some remedies available under the laws of U.S. jurisdictions, including remedies available under the U.S. federal securities laws, may not be allowed in the BVI courts if contrary to public policy in the BVI. Because judgments of U.S. courts are not automatically enforceable in the BVI, it may be difficult for you to recover against us or our directors and officers based upon such judgments.

Shareholders of BVI companies may not have standing to initiate a shareholder derivative action in a court of the United States. The BVI courts are also unlikely to recognize or enforce against us judgments of courts in the United States based on certain liability provisions of U.S. securities law or to impose liabilities against us, in original actions brought in the BVI, based on certain liability provisions of U.S. securities laws that are penal in nature.

You may have more difficulty protecting your interests than you would as a shareholder of a U.S. corporation.

Our corporate affairs will be governed by the provisions of our memorandum and articles of association, as amended and restated from time to time, and by the provisions of applicable BVI law. The rights of shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors and officers under BVI law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes or judicial precedents in some jurisdictions in the United States, and some states (such as Delaware) have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law.

These rights and responsibilities are to a large extent governed by the British Virgin Island Business Companies Act, 2004 as amended from time to time (the “BVI Act”) and the common law of the BVI. The common law of the BVI is derived in part from judicial precedent in the BVI as well as from English common law, which has persuasive, but not binding, authority on a court in the BVI. In addition, BVI law does not make a distinction between public and private companies and some of the protections and safeguards (such as statutory pre-emption rights, save to the extent expressly provided for in the memorandum and articles of association) that investors may expect to find in relation to a public company are not provided for under BVI law.

There may be less publicly available information about us than is regularly published by or about U.S. issuers. Also, the BVI regulations governing the securities of BVI companies may not be as extensive as those in effect in the United States, and the BVI law and regulations regarding corporate governance matters may not be as protective of minority shareholders as state corporation laws in the United States. Therefore, you may have more difficulty protecting your interests in connection with actions taken by our directors and officers or our Principal Shareholders than you would as a shareholder of a corporation incorporated in the United States.

The laws of BVI provide limited protections for minority shareholders, so minority shareholders will not have the same options as to recourse in comparison to the United States if the shareholders are dissatisfied with the conduct of our affairs.

Under the laws of the BVI there is limited statutory protection of minority shareholders other than the provisions of the BVI Act dealing with shareholder remedies. The principal protections under BVI statutory law are derivative actions, actions brought by one or more shareholders for relief from unfair prejudice, oppression and unfair discrimination and/or to enforce the BVI Act or the memorandum and articles of association. Shareholders are entitled to have the affairs of the company conducted in accordance with the BVI Act and the memorandum and articles of association, and are entitled to payment of the fair value of their respective shares upon dissenting from certain enumerated corporate transactions.

There are common law rights for the protection of shareholders that may be invoked, largely dependent on English company law, since the common law of the BVI is limited. Under the general rule pursuant to English company law known as the rule in Foss v. Harbottle, a court will generally refuse to interfere with the management of a company at the insistence of a minority of its shareholders who express dissatisfaction with the conduct of the company’s affairs by the majority or the board of directors. However, every shareholder is entitled to seek to have the affairs of the company conducted properly according to law and the constitutional documents of the company. As such, if those who control the company have persistently disregarded the requirements of company law or the provisions of the company’s memorandum and articles of association, then the courts may grant relief. Generally, the areas in which the courts will intervene are the following: (i) a company is acting or proposing to act illegally or beyond the scope of its authority; (ii) the act complained of, although not beyond the scope of the authority, could only be effected if duly authorized by more than the number of votes which have actually been obtained; (iii) the individual rights of the plaintiff shareholder have been infringed or are about to be infringed; or (iv) those who control the company are perpetrating a “fraud on the minority.”

These rights may be more limited than the rights afforded to minority shareholders under the laws of states in the United States.

Shareholders of British Virgin Islands exempted companies like us have no general rights under British Virgin Islands law to inspect corporate records or to obtain copies of lists of shareholders of these companies. Our directors have discretion under our articles of association that will become effective immediately prior to completion of this Offering to determine whether or not, and under what conditions, our corporate records may be inspected by our shareholders, but are not obliged to make them available to our shareholders. This may make it more difficult for you to obtain the information needed to establish any facts necessary for a shareholder motion or to solicit proxies from other shareholders in connection with a proxy contest.

As a result of all of the above, our public shareholders may have more difficulty in protecting their interests in the face of actions taken by our management, members of the board of directors or controlling shareholders than they would as public shareholders of a company incorporated in the United States. For a discussion of significant differences between the provisions of the BVI Act and the laws applicable to companies incorporated in the United States and their shareholders, see “Description of Share Capital—Differences in Corporate Law.”

Techniques employed by short sellers may drive down the market price of the Common Shares.

Short selling is the practice of selling securities that the seller does not own but rather has borrowed from a third party with the intention of buying identical securities back at a later date to return to the lender. The short seller hopes to profit from a decline in the value of the securities between the sale of the borrowed securities and the purchase of the replacement shares, as the short seller expects to pay less in that purchase than it received in the sale. As it is in the short seller’s interest for the price of the security to decline, many short sellers publish, or arrange for the publication of, negative opinions and allegations regarding the relevant issuer and its business prospects in order to create negative market momentum and generate profits for themselves after selling a security short. These short attacks have, in the past, led to selling of shares in the market. If we were to become the subject of any unfavorable allegations, whether such allegations are proven to be true or untrue, we could have to expend a significant amount of resources to investigate such allegations and/or defend ourselves. While we would strongly defend against any such short seller attacks, we may be constrained in the manner in which we can proceed against the relevant short seller by principles of freedom of speech, applicable state law or issues of commercial confidentiality.

Because we do not expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future after this Offering, you must rely on a price appreciation of the Common Shares for a return on your investment.

We currently intend to retain most, if not all, of our funds and any future earnings after this Offering to fund the development and growth of our business. As a result, we do not expect to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Therefore, you should not rely on an investment in the Common Shares as a source for any future dividend income.

Our board of directors has complete discretion as to whether to distribute dividends, subject to certain requirements of British Virgin Islands law. In addition, our shareholders may by ordinary resolution declare a dividend, but no dividend may exceed the amount recommended by our directors. Under British Virgin Islands law, a British Virgin Islands company may pay a dividend out of either profit or share premium account, provided that in no circumstances may a dividend be paid if this would result in the company being unable to pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business. Even if our board of directors decides to declare and pay dividends, the timing, amount and form of future dividends, if any, will depend on our future results of operations and cash flow, our capital requirements and surplus, the amount of distributions, if any, received by us from our subsidiaries, our financial condition, contractual restrictions, and other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors. Accordingly, the return on your investment in the Common Shares will likely depend entirely upon any future price appreciation of the Common Shares. There is no guarantee that the Common Shares will appreciate in value after this Offering or even maintain the price at which you purchased the Common Shares. You may not realize a return on your investment in the Common Shares and you may even lose your entire investment in the Common Shares.

You may experience dilution of your holdings due to the inability to participate in rights offerings.

We may, from time to time, distribute rights to our shareholders, including rights to acquire securities. Under the deposit agreement, the depositary will not distribute rights to holders of Common Shares unless the distribution and sale of rights and the securities to which these rights relate are either exempt from registration under the Securities Act with respect to all holders of Common Shares, or are registered under the provisions of the Securities Act. The depositary may, but is not required to, attempt to sell these undistributed rights to third parties, and may allow the rights to lapse. We may be unable to establish an exemption from registration under the Securities Act, and we are under no obligation to file a registration statement with respect to these rights or underlying securities or to endeavor to have a registration statement declared effective. Accordingly, holders of Common Shares may be unable to participate in our rights offerings and may experience dilution of their holdings as a result.

As a British Virgin Islands company listed on NASDAQ Capital Market, we are subject to NASDAQ’s Capital Market corporate governance listing standards. However, NASDAQ Capital Market rules permit a foreign private issuer like us to follow the corporate governance practices of its home country. Certain corporate governance practices in the British Virgin Islands, which is our home country, may differ significantly from NASDAQ’s corporate governance listing standards. We intend to follow British Virgin Islands corporate governance practices in lieu of the following corporate governance requirements of NASDAQ that listed companies must have for as long as we qualify as a foreign private issuer: (i) a majority of independent directors; (ii) a nominating/corporate governance committee composed entirely of independent directors; and (iii) a compensation committee composed entirely of independent directors. To the extent we choose to follow home country practice in the future, our shareholders may be afforded less protection than they otherwise would enjoy under NASDAQ’s corporate governance listing standards applicable to U.S. domestic issuers.

We are a foreign private issuer within the meaning of the rules under the Exchange Act, and as such we are exempt from certain provisions applicable to U.S. domestic public companies.

Because we qualify as a foreign private issuer under the Exchange Act, we are exempt from certain provisions of the securities rules and regulations in the United States that are applicable to U.S. domestic issuers, including:

We will be required to file an annual report on Form 20-F within four months of the end of each fiscal year. In addition, we intend to publish our results on a quarterly basis as press releases, distributed pursuant to the rules and regulations of NASDAQ. Press releases relating to financial results and material events will also be furnished to the SEC on Form 6-K. However, the information we are required to file with or furnish to the SEC will be less extensive and less timely compared to that required to be filed with the SEC by U.S. domestic issuers. As a result, you may not be afforded the same protections or information that would be made available to you were you investing in a U.S. domestic issuer.

There can be no assurance that we will not be a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, for any taxable year, which could result in adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences to U.S. investors in the Common Shares.

In general, a non-U.S. corporation is a PFIC for any taxable year in which (i) 75% or more of its gross income consists of passive income; or (ii) 50% or more of the average quarterly value of its assets consists of assets that produce, or are held for the production of, passive income. For purposes of the above calculations, a non-U.S. corporation that owns, directly or indirectly, at least 25% by value of the shares of another corporation is treated as if it held its proportionate share of the assets of the other corporation and received directly its proportionate share of the income of the other corporation. Cash is a passive asset for these purposes. Based on the expected composition of our income and assets and the value of our assets, including goodwill, which is based on the expected price of the Common Shares in this Offering, we do not expect to be a PFIC for our current taxable year. Because we will hold a substantial amount of cash following this Offering, and because our PFIC status for any taxable year will depend on the composition of our income and assets and the value of our assets from time to time (which may be determined, in part, by reference to the market price of the Common Shares, which could be volatile), there can be no assurance that we will not be a PFIC for our current or any future taxable year. If we were a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. taxpayer holds Common Shares, certain adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences could apply to such U.S. taxpayer. See “Taxation—U.S. Federal Income Taxation—Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules.”

This prospectus contains forward-looking statements that reflect our current expectations and views of future events, all of which are subject to risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements give our current expectations or forecasts of future events. You can identify these statements by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. You can find many (but not all) of these statements by the use of words such as “approximates,” “believes,” “hopes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “projects,” “intends,” “plans,” “will,” “would,” “should,” “could,” “may” or other similar expressions in this prospectus. These statements are likely to address our growth strategy, financial results and product and development programs. You must carefully consider any such statements and should understand that many factors could cause actual results to differ from our forward-looking statements. These factors may include inaccurate assumptions and a broad variety of other risks and uncertainties, including some that are known and some that are not. No forward-looking statement can be guaranteed and actual future results may vary materially. Factors that could cause actual results to differ from those discussed in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:

We describe material risks, uncertainties and assumptions that could affect our business, including our financial condition and results of operations, under “Risk Factors.” We base our forward-looking statements on our management’s beliefs and assumptions based on information available to our management at the time the statements are made. We caution you that actual outcomes and results may, and are likely to, differ materially from what is expressed, implied or forecast by our forward-looking statements. Accordingly, you should be careful about relying on any forward-looking statements. Except as required under the federal securities laws, we do not have any intention or obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements after the distribution of this prospectus, whether as a result of new information, future events, changes in assumptions, or otherwise.

Upon the closing of this Offering and the Restructure, our sole business will be the business of Newegg. Therefore, this section analyzes the e-commerce industry and the IT/CE segments of such industry, in which Newegg operates. All the information and data presented in this section have been derived from Frost & Sullivan (“Frost & Sullivan”)’s industry report commissioned by Newegg in September 2020 titled “The E-Commerce Industry Landscape” (the “Frost & Sullivan Report”) unless otherwise noted. Frost & Sullivan has advised Newegg that the statistical and graphical information contained herein is drawn from its database and other sources. The following discussion contains projections for future growth, which may not occur at the rates that are projected or at all.

E-commerce’s share of retail spend has steadily been on the rise, growing from 10.5% in 2016 to 16% in 2019. We expect this steady growth to continue and that the market size of the global retail e-commerce market will be able to generate $8.56 trillion in revenue in 2025.

In addition, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has simultaneously forced millions of retailers to accelerate their digital transformation and invest in e-commerce in order to survive and caused a significant change in consumer behavior towards online marketplaces for groceries, home goods etc. Even as brick and mortar retail re-opens around the world, we expect e-commerce to be an integral and increasing portion of retail in the years to come.

The global B2B e-commerce industry accounted for $12.2 trillion in 2019, driven by the increased adoption of digital technology by businesses worldwide with the goal of saving costs and improving efficiencies. COVID-19 has also accelerated the B2B transformation to e-commerce in an unprecedented way. 80% of business leaders are expected to retain their new, digital selling models, even after the pandemic ends.

North America formed 12% of the global market, as greater numbers of businesses relied on e-commerce for their procurement needs. North American B2B e-commerce will grow at a compound annual growth rate of 20.7% from $1.77 trillion in 2020 to $4.53 trillion in 2025.

As global lockdowns were announced during the COVID-19 pandemic, there were significant jumps reported across the world for B2C and B2B IT/CE sales.

There have been significant spikes in e-commerce activity for IT/CE since March with peaking in April/May. A large chunk of the growth in consumer electronics was led by the new “normal” whereby millions of people adjusted to working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic.

North American households are expected to significantly contribute to the increase in e-commerce spend for IT/CE products, resulting from the need to work from home and enable distance learning for students. Apart from IT/CE products for learning and work productivity, in-home entertainment CE products (such as for gaming and video streaming) have also gained significantly during the pandemic as US parents tried to keep children occupied through the summer.

Companies use experience in B2C e-commerce to drive sales in B2B market. E-commerce solutions provide intuitive, self-service platforms that enable easy price comparisons as well as better relationship management with buyers. B2B companies are increasingly being run by millennials who are also B2C consumers. A higher affinity to shopping online, supported by the convenience and best-offer prices, is expected to drive a similar trend in enterprise procurement. B2B sellers can significantly increase conversion rates and drive up overall sales through effective engagement and serving the needs of enterprise customers.

Increasing office automation and newer technology offerings driving IT/CE purchases in businesses. Release of newer products and technology upgrades such as 5G and AI/ML accelerates the office automation trend, spurring the need to upgrade existing enterprise IT/CE equipment. 5G networks for instance will enable IoT office environments, boosting the demand for smarter conference rooms with real-time communications, AR/VR devices and AI-integrated office automation products. B2B IT/CE e-commerce will benefit as a result. In the COVID-19 era, technologies that support employees as they work from home are the biggest priority in the short and medium term as we await a rebound in 2021.

COVID-19 induced shift to digital in B2B enterprises. Digital channels have taken center stage as a must-have for B2B companies during COVID-19 with more than 90% of B2Bs having transitioned to a virtual sales model during the pandemic. According to B2B research from McKinsey, customers are showing a strong preference for digitally enabled sales interactions with suppliers’ mobile app downloads and social media apps seeing a strong spike since the pandemic began. Buyers also strongly preferred self-service options.

The COVID-19 pandemic has shifted buying habits around the world, driving many to shop online for the first time ever. In order to survive, most brick and mortar stores have taken their businesses online, accelerating the growth of an already booming e-commerce industry. Increased industry competition and continually evolving online shopping behavior translates into a need for differentiation to remain relevant and maximize success during an unprecedented time.

The IT/CE retail e-commerce marketplace in North America is dominated by a handful of companies, including but not limited to: Amazon, BestBuy, Wal-Mart, eBay, Newegg, Costco, AliExpress, and Wish. Apart from these retailers, there are many other IT/CE companies such as Apple, Samsung, and Dell that have a significant portion of their sales coming from selling direct to consumers online.

According to Frost & Sullivan’s survey among 515 consumers in the US and Canada, Amazon leads in the e-commerce retailer selection process and is the first choice for over half of the consumers. Newegg comes fifth, after other key players, yet is considered by almost half of consumers, and its rejection rate is very low. Newegg is also perceived as a trusted retailer that evokes a positive purchasing experience. The products offered are of attractive pricing and variety.

We believe the following are the key success factors in the e-commerce industry:

Data-driven personalization. Data-driven personalization serves as a key factor of success, providing consumers with a customized experience. Online transactions by nature lack traditional retail’s benefits of human touch points. E-commerce vendors can mimic this behavior by personalizing the customer’s online journey through targeted recommendations based on browsing and purchasing history, and personal preferences and other demographic data.

Interactive product visualization. In-person retail offers an interactive, intuitive experience and enables customers to touch, see, listen to, and test merchandise before making a purchasing decision. E-commerce can closely replicate this experience through interactive product visualization, allowing customers to fully interact with and visually customize products, and learn product feature and specification details. Positive pre-purchase interaction in a digital setting can increase brand loyalty and consumer mindshare. Interactive product visualization can be achieved through ever evolving 3-D, virtual reality, and augmented reality technologies.

Excellent user experience. A user friendly interface and ease of navigation provide the foundation for a simple, enjoyable, and successful purchasing experience. User experience is influenced by a combination of factors, namely the look and feel of the online storefront; the ease of finding the desired item or obtaining recommendations for alternate/additional products; the ability to access product details, specifications, and peer reviews; and buyer confidence in a secure checkout experience. Increasingly, e-commerce vendors have been offering free/low-cost and fast shipping, providing customers near instantaneous gratification as if purchasing from a physical store.

We are incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands as an exempted company with limited liability. We changed our domicile to the British Virgin Islands because of certain benefits associated with being a British Virgin Islands corporation, such as political and economic stability, an effective judicial system, a favorable tax system, the absence of foreign exchange control or currency restrictions and the availability of professional and support services. However, the British Virgin Islands have a less developed body of securities laws that provides significantly less protection to investors as compared to the securities laws of the United States. In addition, British Virgin Islands companies may not have standing to sue before the federal courts of the United States.

According to our local British Virgin Islands counsel, there is uncertainty as to whether the courts of the British Virgin Islands would recognize as a valid judgment, a final and conclusive judgment in personam obtained in a competent federal or state court of the United States of America against the Company under which a sum of money is payable (other than a sum of money payable in respect of multiple damages, taxes or other charges of a like nature or in respect of a fine or other penalty) and would give a judgment based thereon provided that (a) such courts had proper jurisdiction over the parties subject to such judgment; (b) such courts did not contravene the rules of natural justice of the British Virgin Islands; (c) such judgment was not obtained by fraud; (d) the enforcement of the judgment would not be contrary to the public policy of the British Virgin Islands; (e) no new admissible evidence relevant to the action is submitted prior to the rendering of the judgment by the courts of the British Virgin Islands; and (f) there is due compliance with the correct procedures under the laws of the British Virgin Islands

British Virgin Islands counsel further advised that, although there is no statutory enforcement in the British Virgin Islands of final and conclusive monetary judgments obtained in a competent federal or state court of the United States for a definite sum (and the British Virgin Islands are not a party to any treaties for the reciprocal enforcement or recognition of such judgments), such a judgment obtained in such jurisdiction can be expected to be recognized and enforced in the courts of the British Virgin Islands at common law, without any re-examination of the merits of the underlying dispute, by an action commenced on the foreign judgment debt in the Grand Court of the British Virgin Islands, provided such judgment (i) is given by a foreign court of competent jurisdiction; (ii) imposes on the judgment debtor a liability to pay a liquidated sum for which the judgment has been given; (iii) is final; (iv) is not in respect of taxes, a fine or a penalty; (v) is not inconsistent with a British Virgin Islands judgment of the same matter; (vi) was not obtained on grounds of fraud; and (vii) was not obtained in a manner and is not of a kind the enforcement of which is contrary to natural justice or the public policy of the British Virgin Islands. However, the British Virgin Islands courts are unlikely to enforce a judgment obtained from the U.S. courts under civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities law if such judgment is determined by the courts of the British Virgin Islands to give rise to obligations to make payments that are penal or punitive in nature.

We estimate that the net proceeds from this Offering will be approximately $[●], or $[●] if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional common shares in full, after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

The principal purposes of this Offering are to satisfy the listing requirements of NASDAQ, facilitate access to the public equity markets, increase our visibility in the marketplace, as well as to obtain additional capital.

We plan to use the net proceeds of this offering to expand our business operations as follows:

Pending any use described above, we may also use a portion of the net proceeds to acquire or invest in complementary businesses, products, websites or technologies or to enter into strategic relationships with third parties. We have no present understandings, commitments or agreements to enter into any acquisitions or investments. The amount actually expended for the purposes listed above will depend upon a number of factors, including the growth of our sales and customer base, competitive developments in e-commerce, the actual cost of capital expenditures and our cash flow from operations and the growth of our business. The amount of what, and timing of when, we actually spend for these purposes may vary significantly and will depend on a number of factors, including our future revenue and cash generated by operations and the other factors described in “Risk Factors.” Accordingly, we will have broad discretion in deploying the net proceeds of this Offering.

The foregoing represents our current intentions based upon our present plans and business conditions to use and allocate the net proceeds of this Offering. Our management, however, will have significant flexibility and discretion to apply the net proceeds of this Offering. If an unforeseen event occurs or business conditions change, we may use the proceeds of this Offering differently than as described in this prospectus. To the extent that the net proceeds we receive from this Offering are not immediately used for the above purposes, we intend to invest our net proceeds in short-term, interest-bearing bank deposits or debt instruments.

To date, we have not paid any cash dividends on our shares. As a BVI company, we may only declare and pay dividends if our directors are satisfied, on reasonable grounds, that immediately after the distribution (i) the value of our assets will exceed our liabilities and (ii) we will be able to pay our debts as they fall due. We currently anticipate that we will retain any available funds to finance the growth and operation of our business and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Additionally, our cash held in foreign countries may be subject to certain control limitations or repatriation requirements, limiting our ability to use this cash to pay dividends.

You should read this capitalization table in conjunction with “Use of Proceeds,” “Selected Consolidated Financial and Operating Data,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the consolidated financial statements and the related notes appearing elsewhere in this prospectus.

If you invest in our Common Shares, your interest will be diluted for each Common Shares you purchase to the extent of the difference between the offering price per Common Shares and our net tangible book value per Common Shares after this Offering. Dilution results from the fact that the offering price per Common Shares is substantially in excess of the net tangible book value per Common Shares attributable to the existing shareholders for our presently outstanding Common Shares.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with the section entitled “Selected Consolidated Financial Data” and our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that are subject to known and unknown risks and uncertainties. The additional or unforeseen effects from the COVID-19 pandemic amplify many of these risks. Actual results and the timing of events may differ significantly from those expressed or implied in such forward-looking statements due to a number of factors, including those set forth in the sections entitled “Risk Factors” and “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and elsewhere in this prospectus. We have prepared our financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

Pursuant to the Merger Agreement and the Disposition Agreement, upon consummation of the Restructure, Merger Sub will merge into Newegg and LLIT will dispose of Lianluo Connection. Upon closing of the Merger, Newegg will then be the wholly owned Subsidiary of the Company. Pursuant to the Merger Agreement the Company will issue a certain number of Common Shares to Newegg Stockholders based on the LLIT Conversion Ratio. As a result, Newegg Stockholders will become the controlling shareholder of the Company. The Merger is accounted for as a reverse merger under common control effected by a share exchange, wherein Newegg is considered the acquirer for accounting and financial reporting purposes.

Headquartered in California, Newegg’s reach is global. Leveraging its extensive fulfillment and warehousing network and the global footprint of its suppliers and sellers, Newegg is able to offer merchandise sourced from over 35 countries and regions to customers located in over 20 countries and regions, and deliver customer services in multiple languages.

Newegg has built a massive base of loyal and highly engaged customers. As of June 30, 2020, Newegg had 3.7 million active customers (defined as unique email addresses with at least one item purchased on its platforms in the past 12 months), with a 32.5% repeat purchase rate, as measured by the percentage of customers who made at least two purchases in the preceding year, and an average order value of $296, as calculated by dividing sales by transactions during the relevant 12-month measurement period. Newegg achieves this through its deep understanding of its customers’ needs, preferences and tastes and its ability to offer an extensive product assortment, superior customer services, flexible payment options, and speedy, reliable and efficient shipping and fulfilment. As of June 30, 2020, Newegg offered 32.6 million SKUs across over 1,730 categories, which Newegg believes makes it one of the top online shopping destinations for tech consumers. Newegg also maintains a global fulfilment network that ensures speedy and reliable delivery, supported by its six strategically located warehouses in the United States and Canada. Newegg has the capacity to deliver goods to essentially 100% of the population in the United States and to approximately 84% of the population in Canada within just two business days using multiple service level offerings.

Newegg maintains longstanding and extensive relationships with its suppliers, sellers and business partners to source merchandise at competitive pricing with early or preferential access to the latest, highly sought-after tech products, fulfilling its promise to provide its customers with all things tech. Newegg is a trusted partner and the go-to channel for many leading tech product brands and is increasingly establishing relationships with brands in a growing number of other product categories. As of June 30, 2020, Newegg sourced merchandise from at least 2,117 brand partners for its direct sales business, and Newegg featured the official online stores of various brand partners, including some of the most well-known IT/CE brands, such as Intel, AMD, HP, Asus, Acer, Lenovo, MSI, Nvidia, and Samsung.

Newegg strategically employs a dynamic mix of its established direct sales business and a scalable marketplace model. Built upon its success in direct sales, Newegg Marketplace has grown in recent years and significantly complemented its direct sales business. As the number of sellers and brands on its Marketplace continues to grow, the choices available to customers should also increase, generating a strong momentum for its continued growth. As of June 30, 2020, the Newegg Marketplace connected its customers to over 13,897 third-party sellers from 35 countries and regions offering approximately 32.5 million SKUs.

For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018, 2019, and for the six months ended June 30, 2020, Newegg recorded net sales of $2.2 billion, $2.0 billion, $1.5 billion, and $0.9 billion, respectively. For the same periods, its total GMV was approximately $2.5 billion, $2.4 billion, $1.9 billion, and $1.1 billion, respectively. Newegg recorded net loss of $12.0 million, $33.6 million, and $17.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018, and 2019, and net income of $18.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020. For the same periods, its adjusted EBITDA was $2 million, $(17.8) million, $1.4 million, and $25 million, respectively. See “—Non-GAAP Financial Measures.”

The spread of COVID-19, which was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020, has caused different countries and cities to mandate curfews, including “shelter-in-place” and closures of most non-essential businesses as well as other measures to mitigate the spread of the virus.

Newegg’s online business and warehouse operations have remained active to serve its customers during the COVID-19 outbreak, and to-date, the Company has seen increased demand for its products and services during the outbreak. By contrast, some of the Company’s brick-and-mortar competitors have been forced to close down at least some of their retail locations temporarily, while some competitors have de-emphasized certain lines of business, such as computers and electronics, which represent the Company’s core business. However, the course of the outbreak remains uncertain, and a prolonged global economic slowdown and increased unemployment could have a material adverse impact on economic conditions, which in turn could lead to a reduced demand for its products and services.

As a consequence of the COVID-19 outbreak, Newegg has experienced occasional supply constraints, primarily in the form of delays in shipment of inventory. The Company has also experienced some increases in the cost of certain products, as well as a drop in promotions by some manufacturers. While the Company considers such events to be relatively minor and temporary, continued supply chain disruptions could lead to delayed receipt of, or shortages in, inventory and higher costs, and negatively impact sales in fiscal year 2020.

COVID-19 impacted the supply chain of Newegg’s brand partners and Marketplace sellers, and its ability to timely fulfill orders and deliver such orders to its customers, particularly as a result of mandatory shutdowns in different countries and cities to mitigate the spread of the virus.

Although Newegg cannot estimate the length or gravity of the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak at this time, if the pandemic continues, it may have an adverse effect on the Company’s results of future operations. The potential impact of COVID-19 on its operations remain uncertain and potentially wide-spread.

GMV is the primary driver of Newegg’s net sales, as it derives a significant majority of net sales from the GMV transacted on its online platforms, net of cancellations and returns. Newegg defines GMV as the total dollar value of products sold on Newegg’s websites, directly to customers and by its Marketplace sellers through Newegg Marketplace, net of returns, discounts, taxes, and cancellations. Newegg generates GMV and net sales primarily from the following sources:

Newegg’s financial condition and results of operations have been, and will continue to be, affected by a number of important factors, including the following:

Newegg’s ability to grow its customer base and increase their engagement level

Newegg believes the principal factors necessary to maintain and grow its GMV and net sales include the number of visits to its online platforms, its ability to convert those visits to orders, and the level of its customers’ engagement with its platforms.

Newegg monitors the following key operating metrics to evaluate its user traffic, its ability to convert visits into orders, and the size and engagement of its customer base:

Newegg uses conversion rates to measure its ability to convert visits to orders. Newegg’s conversion rates have varied from time to time, and there are a number of factors that may affect conversion rates, including overall economic trends, product mix, new product releases, the level of competition Newegg faces, its merchandise sourcing ability and the purchasing patterns of consumers. The numbers of customers and active customers and repeat purchase rates are indicators of the size and engagement of its customer base. Total active customers have been relatively stable over the last two years.

While Newegg is a tech-focused e-retailer, Newegg also offers merchandise in a broad and increasing number of product categories, including apparel and accessories, home furnishings, personal goods and certain other products of IT– adjacent categories. As of June 30, 2020, Newegg offered a total of 32.6 million SKUs across over 1,730 categories. Products are offered on its online platforms across a range of types, brands and price points. Newegg believes that customers are attracted to its online platforms primarily by the breadth and depth of its product offerings, a critical component of its ability to increase sales and drive long-term profitability.

Newegg’s results of operations are affected by its merchandise mix, as products of different categories, brands and price points have a range of margin and profitability profiles. For example, categories where the company holds lower market share and the company strives to grow at an accelerated rate over market may offer relatively lower margins. Newegg’s merchandise mix may shift over time due to the combination of a variety of factors, including consumer demands and preferences, average selling prices, its ability to maintain and expand its supplier relationships, its ability to forecast market trends, and its marketing and promotional efforts. Newegg continuously monitors the GMV and margin mix of its product offerings and Newegg seeks to increase the percentage of GMV and net sales from categories and brands with attractive margin profiles.

A key component of Newegg’s long-term strategy is to continue to grow its Newegg Marketplace, which Newegg believes is an important driver of future profitable growth.

Newegg Marketplace has grown in recent years with an increasing contribution to Newegg’s total sales. In 2017, 2018, 2019, and for the six months ended June 30, 2020, its Newegg Marketplace generated GMV of $412.8 million, $472.1 million, $495.2 million, and $335.0 million, respectively, representing a CAGR of 6%, for the years 2017 to 2019, and accounted for approximately 16.7%, 19.6%, 25.6%, and 29.3%, respectively, of its total GMV. During the same periods, its Newegg Marketplace generated net sales of $37.2 million, $43.2 million, $46.0 million, and $33.5 million, respectively, representing a CAGR of 7% for the years 2017 to 2019, and accounted for 1.8%, 2.2%, 3.0%, and 3.9%, respectively, of its total net sales. Over time, Newegg expects its Marketplace GMV, both in absolute amount and as a percentage of total GMV, to continue to grow.

Newegg believes the Marketplace model provides it with a number of benefits. As compared with direct sales, the use of the marketplace model contributes to its working capital and cash flow as there is no need to maintain inventory. Additionally, as the number of sellers and brands on the Newegg Marketplace continues to expand, the choices available to customers also should grow, generating strong momentum for its continued growth. Newegg believes that the integration of its direct sales and Marketplace operations has created a virtuous, self-reinforcing cycle.

Newegg’s results of operations have been, and will continue to be, influenced by shifts over time in the GMV mix between direct sales and Marketplace. This is primarily due to the difference in revenue recognition - Newegg recognizes revenues from direct sales on a gross basis, while Newegg recognizes revenues from the Newegg Marketplace on a net basis. See “—Key Components of Results of Operations” for details. Accordingly, for the same amount of GMV, direct sales generates more net sales than Marketplace and, therefore, an increase in the GMV contribution of Marketplace as a portion of the total GMV would have a negative impact on its net sales.

The IT/CE e-commerce market in North America and globally is characterized by rapidly evolving technologies, fast-changing consumer requirements and preferences and frequent releases of new products and introductions of updated industry standards and practices. Newegg must effectively respond to these changes to remain competitive. Newegg may have difficulty anticipating consumer demand and preferences, and the goods offered on its online platforms may not be accepted by the market or may be rendered obsolete or uneconomical. Newegg’s inability to adapt to these developments may lead to excessive or deficient inventories or a failure to attract new customers and retain existing customers, which could materially and adversely affect its financial condition and results of operations.

Newegg’s ability to source products from key suppliers on favorable terms

As of June 30, 2020, Newegg offered over 131,763 direct sales SKUs sourced from at least 365 suppliers globally. Newegg maintains extensive, long-standing and mutually beneficial relationships with many of the biggest tech product brands and distributors globally. However, its contracts or arrangements with such suppliers generally do not guarantee the availability of merchandise, or provide for the continuation of particular pricing or other practices. Newegg’s suppliers may not continue to sell their inventory to it on current terms or at all, and, if the terms are changed, Newegg may not be able to establish new supply relationships on similar or better terms.

Newegg competes with other retailers and direct marketers for favorable product allocations and vendor incentive programs from product manufacturers and distributors. Some of its competitors could enter into exclusive or favorable distribution arrangements for certain products with its vendors, which would deny it complete or partial access to those products and marketing and promotional resources. In addition, some vendors whose products are offered on its online platforms also sell their products directly to customers. If Newegg is unable to develop and maintain relationships with suppliers that permit it to obtain sufficient quantities of desirable merchandise on favorable terms, its results of operations could be adversely impacted.

Newegg’s chief operating decision maker (i.e. chief executive officer) reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis, accompanied by disaggregated information about revenue by countries or regions for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. There are no segment managers who are held accountable for operations, operating results and plans for levels or components below the consolidated unit level. Based on qualitative and quantitative criteria established by Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 280, “Segment Reporting”, Newegg considers ourselves to be operating within one reportable segment.

Newegg’s net sales consist of direct sales revenues, Marketplace revenues and services revenues. See “—Newegg’s Business Model” for more information about these sources of net sales.

Newegg’s net sales are reported net of anticipated discounts, returns, allowances, sales tax and credit card chargebacks, which are all estimated from historical experience. Newegg also offers customer promotional programs, which Newegg records as reductions in sales based on anticipated redemption rates estimated from historical experience.

The following table sets forth the components of its net sales in absolute amounts and as percentages of total net sales, for the periods indicated.

The largest component of its cost of sales is the purchase price of goods that Newegg directly sells to customers. Cost of sales also includes (i) costs relating to its service revenues, which include personnel expenses and other costs relating to its third-party logistics services; (ii) inbound and outbound freight costs; and (iii) inventory write-offs relating to refurbished, slow-moving and obsolete inventories and adjustments for vendor incentives related to inventory still on hand at the reporting date.

Cost of sales is partially offset by payments Newegg earns under vendor incentive programs, or VIPs, such as purchase rebates, marketing development funds that vendors give it to advertise their products, cooperative marketing programs jointly funded with vendors, and price protection refunds to offset reductions in the manufacturer’s suggested retail price. These VIPs are sometimes tied to the volume of its purchases or sales and represent a reduction of the selling price of the suppliers’ products. Therefore, Newegg treats these program payments as reductions to cost of sales.

The following table sets forth the components of its cost of sales, in absolute amounts and as percentages of total net sales, for the periods indicated.

During 2019, Newegg entered into a sale leaseback transaction for one of its real estate properties in the United States. Newegg sold the property for a gross proceed of $38.5 million, and recognized a gain of $28.8 million from the transaction, which is included as other operating income in its consolidated statement of operations.

The largest component of its selling, general and administrative expenses, or SG&A expenses, is salary and other compensation costs, consisting of expenses relating to the employment of its employees, as well as temporary personnel to meet its needs in areas such as customer service and fulfillment during seasonal peaks in orders.

Other significant components of SG&A expenses include advertising and marketing expenses, payment and credit card processing fees, depreciation, rent expenses, warehouse costs, office expenses, legal expenses and other general corporate costs.

The following table sets forth the components of its SG&A expenses, in absolute amounts and as percentages of net sales, for the periods indicated.

Interest income is earned on (i) its loans to affiliates; and (ii) cash invested in money market accounts or certificates of deposit. See “Related Party Transactions—Other Related Party Transactions” for more information about its loans to affiliates. Interest expense represents the interest Newegg is charged on its borrowings, including term loan, line of credit and capital leases.

Newegg recorded Other income, net of $2.8 million, $4.2 million, $1.6 million, and $1.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2019, Other income, net, primarily consisted of insurance proceeds from the fire loss in one of the warehouses in the U.S., and vendor incentives, and property rental income in China. In 2019, its Other income mainly consisted of insurance proceeds primarily related to the fire loss in one of Newegg’s warehouses in the U.S., and property rental income in China. Other income, net of $1.6 million in 2018 primarily consisted of property rental income in China while Newegg recorded Other income, net of $1.2 million in 2017 primarily from business interruption insurance recovery in connection with several instances of distributed denial-of-service attacks that Newegg experienced in November 2015.

Newegg accounts for investment under the equity method for investees over which Newegg has the ability to exercise significant influence but does not have a controlling interest. Newegg recorded a gain on equity method investment of $0.2 million, $9.6 million and $21.8 million, respectively, in 2017, 2018 and 2019. Newegg’s gain on equity method investment in 2018 was attributed to the equity income from its equity method investment in Mountain Capital Fund L.P. (“Mountain Capital”). The gain in 2019 primarily included gains from the partial sale of its investment in Mountain Capital. Mountain Capital sold a portion of its investment in One97 Communication Limited (“One97”), a leading Indian e-wallet provider and one of Mountain Capital’s portfolio companies, to various third-party buyers. Newegg’s ownership percentage in Mountain Capital was approximately 8.0% as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

The following table summarizes its consolidated results of operations in absolute amounts and as percentages of its net sales for the periods indicated. Period-to-period comparisons of historical results of operations should not be relied upon as indicative of future performance.

Net sales increased by 8.2% for the six months ended June 30, 2020 compared to the comparable prior year period from $797.4 million in 2019 to $862.7 million in 2020, which was mainly due to the increase in GMV from its U.S.-focused direct sales platforms from $888.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, to $1,043.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020.

Such increase in GMV was primarily due to (i) a change in buying behavior of consumers from brick-and-mortar stores to online retailers due to the COVID-19 pandemic; and (ii) strong demand in computer components as a result of working and schooling from home.

For the six months ended June 30, 2020, its cost of sales increased by 2.7% compared to the comparable prior year period from $718.8 million in 2019 to $738.1 million in 2020, generally reflective of the increase in its net sales. During the same period, its gross profit increased by 58.5% from $78.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 to $124.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020.

Newegg’s profit margin increased from 9.9% for the six months ended June 30, 2019 to 14.4% for the six months ended June 30, 2020, primarily due to a strategy change where the company focused on selling high margin products such as desktop PCs and gaming notebooks. Newegg also moved over its low margin products, such as TVs, from its direct sale business to marketplace, where the company can receive a higher commission. Newegg also ceased selling low margin video game console categories and applied a minimum margin policy to components, storage, and memory products.

As of June 30, 2020, SG&A expenses decreased from $115.5 million in 2019 to $107.1 million in 2020, which mainly resulted from (i) a decrease in personnel expenses from $53.4 million in 2019 to $47.1 million in 2020, and (ii) a decrease in advertising and marketing expenses from $15.3 million in 2019 to $11.7 million in 2020, which was due to more effective control over marketing and branding efforts. These decreases were partially offset by (i) an increase in credit card charges from $19.1 million in 2019 to $22.0 million in 2020, which is directly related to the increase in net sales in 2020.

For the six months ended June 30, 2020, interest income increased from $0.2 million in 2019 to $0.6 million in 2020. This increase was primarily driven by an increase of $0.4 million in interest income on its loan to an affiliate.

Interest expense decreased from $2.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 to $0.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020, which was generally due to a decrease in the average outstanding debt balance in 2020, as compared to that of 2019.

For the six months ended June 30, 2020, Newegg recorded other income, net of $2.8 million, compared to other income, net of $3.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019. This decrease was mainly due to the insurance proceeds of $0.9 million received in 2019 from the fire loss in one of Newegg’s warehouses in the U.S.

Newegg did not record an equity income from equity method investments for the six months ended June 30, 2020. For the six months ended June 30, 2019, Newegg recorded a gain on equity method investment of $24.1 million. This gain was mainly due to a gain on the sale of equity method investment in Mountain Capital.

Newegg’s provision for income taxes decreased from $4.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, to $1.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020. The decrease in its provision for income taxes was mainly due to the expense of withholding tax in first half of 2019 associated with the sale of its investment in One97 through Mountain Capital.

As of June 30, 2020, Newegg recorded a net income of $18.9 million in 2020, as compared to a net loss of $15.5 million for the same period in 2019. The increase in net income is primarily driven by a growth in its net sales, improvement in gross margin, and improvement in selling, general, and administrative expenses in 2020 compared to 2019.

Net sales decreased by 24.2%, from $2,022.4 million in 2018 to $1,533.9 million in 2019, which was mainly due to a decline in the GMV from its U.S.-focused direct sales platforms from $1,745.3 million in 2018 to $1,293.5 million in 2019. Such decline in GMV was also due to the reduced price competitiveness of its product offerings as Newegg expanded the collection of sales tax in an increasing number of U.S. states in 2019. As of December 31, 2019, Newegg collected sales tax in 42 states whereas as of December 31, 2018 Newegg collected sales tax in 25 states.

The decline in the GMV from its U.S.-focused platforms was primarily due to (i) softening demand in computer components; (ii) increased import tariffs that resulted in price increases; and (iii) shortages in supply, particularly in CPU and VGA graphic cards.

The increase in the GMV contribution by the Newegg Marketplace to the total GMV was mainly due to (i) an increase in the amount of GMV from the Newegg Marketplace on its U.S.-focused platforms from $441.4 million in 2018 to $460.5 million in 2019, reflective of its strategic focus in growing its Marketplace operations and adding new sellers to expand the total product offerings on its platforms; and (ii) a partial shift in orders from the direct sales model to the Newegg Marketplace model.

From 2018 to 2019, Newegg’s cost of sales decreased by 24.6% from $1,816.8 million to $1,369.1 million, generally reflective of the decline in its net sales. During the same period, its gross profit decreased by 19.8% from $205.6 million to $164.9 million.

Newegg’s profit margin increased from 10.2% in 2018 to 10.7% in 2019, primarily due to a strategy change where the company focused on selling high margin products such as desktop PCs and gaming notebooks. Newegg also moved over its low margin products, such as TVs, from its direct sale business to marketplace, where the company can receive a higher commission. Newegg also ceased selling low margin video game console categories and applied a minimum margin policy to components, storage, and memory products.

SG&A expenses decreased from $247.2 million in 2018 to $229.2 million in 2019, which mainly resulted from (i) a decrease in advertising and marketing expenses from $34.8 million in 2018 to $25.8 million in 2019, which was due to more effective control over marketing and branding efforts; (ii) a decrease in credit card fees from $44.2 million in 2018 to $37.6 million in 2019, which are directly related to the decrease in sales; and (iii) a decrease in stock-based compensation from $3.9 million to $0.7 million due to an adjustment made in 2018 as part of a repurchase of shares. These decreases were partially offset by an increase in bonus from $1.6 million in 2018 to $5.6 million in 2019, primarily due to the profit sharing and bonus related to the sale of its equity investment in Mountain Capital in 2019.

During 2019, Newegg entered into a sale leaseback transaction for one of its real estate properties in United Sates. Newegg sold the property for a gross proceed of $38.5 million, and recognized a gain of $28.8 million from the transaction, which is included as other operating income in its consolidated statement of operations. The Company concurrently leased back the property from the buyer under a lease agreement for ten years, resulting in ROU lease asset of $14.1 million and a lease liability of $13.9 million as of the lease commencement date.

Interest income decreased from $1.5 million in 2018 to $0.6 million in 2019. This decrease was primarily driven by a decrease of $0.9 million in interest income on its loans to affiliates, resulting from significant amounts paid by such affiliate to it under these loans in 2019;

Interest expense increased from $1.6 million in 2018 to $2.9 million in 2019, which was generally due to an increase in the average outstanding debt balance in 2019, as compared to that of 2018. In 2018, Newegg entered into a number of credit agreements and a long-term revolving loan agreement with certain financial institutions; see “—Liquidity and Capital Resources —Cash flows and working capital” and “Contractual Obligation” for more details of these agreements.

Other income, net was $4.2 million in 2019, compared to Other income, net of $1.6 million in 2018. In 2019, its Other income mainly consisted of insurance proceeds of approximately $2.0 million primarily related to the fire loss in one of Newegg’s warehouses in the U.S., property rental income of $1.2 million from one of its idle warehouses in China, and government subsidies of an insignificant amount, while Newegg recorded Other income, net of $1.6 million in 2018 mainly from property rental income of $1.0 million from one of its idle warehouses in China, and government subsidies of an insignificant amount partially offset by other expense of $0.5 million.

Newegg recorded a gain on equity method investment of $21.8 million in 2019, as compared to $9.6 million in 2018. This increase was mainly due to a gain on the sale of equity method investment in Mountain Capital of $21.8 million. Mountain Capital sold a portion of its investment in One97 to various third-party buyers, which resulted in disposal of all of Newegg’s investment in One97. The proceeds from the sale of the investment were distributed to Newegg in 2019. In 2018, Newegg accounted for the Mountain Capital investment under the equity method, and recognized a gain on this equity method investment of $9.6 million.

Newegg’s provision for income taxes increased significantly from $1.6 million in 2018 to $4.6 million in 2019. The increase in its provision for income taxes was mainly due to the expense of withholding tax since Newegg was generating losses and may not be able to use the tax credit. The tax withholding is for the gain from the sale of its investment in One 97 through Mountain Capital and equity income from equity method investments.

As a result of the foregoing, Newegg recorded a net loss of $17.0 million in 2019, as compared to a net loss of $33.6 million in 2018.

Net sales decreased by 6.3% from $2,158.1 million in 2017 to $2,022.4 million in 2018, which was mainly due to (i) a decline in the GMV from its U.S.-focused direct sales platforms from $1,900.1 million in 2017 to $1,745.3 million in 2018; (ii) partially offset by an increase in the contribution by the Newegg Marketplace to the total United States GMV from 17.2% in 2017 to 20.2% in 2018 that provided an increase of $5.7 million in Net Sales; and (iii) partially offset by an increase in GMV generated from its internationally-focused platforms from $183.1 million in 2017 to $216.4 million in 2018.

As discussed in “—Factors Affecting Newegg’s Results of Operations—Expansion of Newegg Marketplace,” due to the difference in revenue recognition model, an increase in the GMV contribution from Newegg Marketplace versus direct sales tends to have a negative impact on its net sales. Such decline in GMV was also due to the reduced price competitiveness of its product offerings as Newegg began to collect sales tax in an increasing number of states in 2018. As of December 31, 2018, Newegg collected sales tax in 25 states whereas as of December 31, 2017 Newegg collected sales tax in only five states.

The decline in the GMV from its U.S.-focused direct sales platforms was primarily due to (i) a softening of demand for graphic cards and a shortage in CPUs that resulted in a $51.6 million decline in GMV for these two categories, which historically accounted for a significant portion of its sales.

The increase in the GMV contribution by the Newegg Marketplace to the total GMV was mainly due to (i) an increase in the amount of GMV from the Newegg Marketplace on its U.S.-focused platforms from $393.5 million in 2017 to $441.4 million in 2018 or an increase of $5.7 million in Net Sales, reflective of its strategic focus in growing its Marketplace operations and adding new sellers to expand the total product offerings in its platforms; and (ii) a partial shift in orders from the direct sales model to the Newegg Marketplace model.

The increase in GMV generated from its internationally-focused platforms was driven by its increased international marketing and branding initiatives. In November 2017, Newegg launched its Global 50 initiative, a sales and marketing campaign designed to increase its shipment destinations to up to 50 countries and regions globally and to increase its brand awareness and its ability to offer dedicated local currency pricing in those markets. The Global 50 initiative had its first full year of operations in 2018, expanding from 46 countries to 50 by the end of 2018, which significantly boosted the growth in the GMV from internationally-focused platforms. In 2018, Newegg achieved GMV of $38.0 million attributable to its Global 50 initiative, as compared to $13.9 million in 2017. The remaining increase in international net sales is driven by growth in Canada, with GMV from Canada growing from $169.2 million in 2017 to $178.4 million in 2018, as the company continued growing market share in the country.

From 2017 to 2018, Newegg’s cost of sales decreased by 5.7% from $1,926.0 million to $1,816.8 million, generally reflective of the decline in its net sales. During the same period, its gross profit decreased by 11.4% from $232.1 million to $205.6 million.

Newegg’s profit margin decreased from 10.8% in 2017 to 10.2% in 2018, primarily due to a decrease in the sales of high-margin products in 2018 as compared to 2017. In 2017, driven by price spikes of crypto currencies, Newegg had a significant increase in the sales of high-margin crypto miners and other crypto related products, including graphic cards, motherboards and CPUs, in the fourth quarter of 2017, which significantly improved its profit margin on a full year basis. The decrease in its profit margin between 2017 and 2018 was also due to its increased sales with promotional pricing to offset the impact of the softening demand for IT/CE products in 2018 and increased competition for market share from competitors. In addition, freight margin declined, as Newegg moved towards more free shipping and faster delivery to customers to match its competition. Freight margin contributed 30 basis points to the decrease in margins, with product mix contributing 60 basis points, partially offset by 30 basis points of improvement from increased proportion of marketplace sales.

SG&A expenses increased slightly from $246.1 million in 2017 to $247.2 million 2018, which mainly came from (i) an increase in salary and other compensation costs from $96.6 million in 2017 to $103.5 million in 2018, mainly driven by increased headcount to support Newegg’s initiatives to grow its B2B business and marketplace operations; and (ii) an increase in other expenses from $55.5 million in 2017 to $54.5 million in 2018, primarily due to a $2.2 million lease closure liability recorded as a result of the closure of one of its warehouses. The number of Newegg’s employees increased from 2,308 as of December 31, 2017 to 2,476 as of December 31, 2018. These increases were partially offset by (i) a decrease in advertising and marketing expenses from $38.0 million in 2017 to $34.8 million in 2018, which was due to more effective control over marketing and branding efforts; and (ii) a decrease in credit card fees from $45.4 million in 2017 to $44.2 million in 2018 primarily due to realized cost savings from negotiations with payment service providers and a decrease in GMV.

Although SG&A expenses remained generally flat between 2017 and 2018, Newegg’s SG&A expense as a percentage of net sales increased from 11.4% in 2017 to 12.2% in 2018, primarily due to the decrease in net sales and the fixed nature of the majority of its SG&A expenses.

Interest income decreased from $1.8 million in 2017 to $1.5 million in 2018. This decrease was primarily driven by (i) a decrease in the interest income on Newegg’s loans to affiliates, resulting from significant amounts paid by such affiliates to it under these loans in 2018; and, (ii) to a lesser extent, a decrease in the interest income generated from cash and cash equivalents invested in money market accounts.

Interest expense increased from $1.1 million in 2017 to $1.6 million in 2018, which was generally due to (i) an increase in the average outstanding debt balance in 2018, as compared to that of 2017; and (ii) an increase in its weighted average interest rate during the same period. In 2018, Newegg entered into a number of credit agreements and a long-term revolving loan agreement with certain financial institutions; see “—Liquidity and Capital Resources —Cash flows and working capital” and “Contractual Obligation” for more details of these agreements.

Other income, net was $1.6 million in 2018, compared to $1.2 million in 2017. In 2018, its Other income mainly consisted of property rental income of $1.0 million from one of its idle warehouses in China, and government subsidies of an insignificant amount partially offset by other expenses, totaling $1.6 million, while Newegg recorded Other income, net of $1.3 million in 2017 from business interruption insurance recovery in connection with several instances of distributed denial-of-service attacks that Newegg experienced in November 2015.

Newegg recorded a gain on equity method investment of U$9.6 million in 2018, as compared to $0.2 million in 2017. This increase was mainly due to an increase in the value of its investment in Mountain Capital, which in turn was driven by the performance of One97 in 2018.

Newegg’s provision for income taxes increased from $0.2 million in 2017 to $1.6 million in 2018. The increase in its provision for income taxes was mainly due to the change of the valuation allowance Newegg recorded against the net deferred tax assets.

As a result of the foregoing, Newegg recorded a net loss of $33.6 million in 2018, as compared to a net loss of $12.0 million in 2017.

Newegg has included GMV and Adjusted EBITDA, non-GAAP financial measures, in this prospectus. Newegg believes that these are key measures used by its management and board of directors to evaluate its operating performance, generate future operating plans, and make strategic decisions regarding the allocation of capital.

GMV is the total dollar value of products sold on Newegg’s websites, directly to customers and by its Marketplace sellers through Newegg Marketplace, net of returns, discounts, taxes, and cancellations, and excluding the following: (i) sales by Newegg’s Asia subsidiaries, (ii) service revenues, and (iii) sales of Rosewill and Nutrend products made through third party platforms. It helps Newegg assess and analyze changes in revenues, and if reviewed in conjunction with net sales and other GAAP financial measures, it can provide more information in evaluating Newegg’s current performance and in assessing its future performance. See “Newegg’s Business Model.”

Adjusted EBITDA is a financial measure that includes the removal of various one-time, irregular, and non-recurring items from EBITDA. Newegg believes that exclusion of certain expenses in calculating Adjusted EBITDA facilitates operating performance comparisons on a period-to-period basis and excludes items that Newegg does not consider to be indicative of its core operating performance. Accordingly, Newegg believes that Adjusted EBITDA provides useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating its operating results in the same manner as its management and board of directors.

Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool, and you should not consider it in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of its results as reported under GAAP. Some of these limitations are:

Because of these limitations, you should consider Adjusted EBITDA alongside other financial performance measures, including various cash flow metrics, operating profit and its other GAAP results.

The following table reflects the reconciliation of net loss to Adjusted EBITDA for each of the periods indicated.

Newegg has historically funded its operations through existing working capital, credit facilities, bank loans, return from investing activities, and equity financings. See Note 7 and 8 to its consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus for more information about the line of credit and long-term debt that Newegg obtains from financial institutions and Notes 11 and 12 to its consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus for more information about its equity financings.

Newegg’s cash and cash equivalents consist primarily of cash on deposit, certificates of deposit, and money market accounts. Cash equivalents are all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less. Amounts receivable from credit card processors are also considered cash equivalents as they are both short term and highly liquid in nature, and are typically converted to cash within three business days. Amounts due to it from credit card processors that are classified as cash and cash equivalents totaled 13.2 million and $9.2 million at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Newegg anticipates that its existing cash and funds generated from operations will be sufficient to meet its working capital needs and expected capital expenditures for at least 12 months from the date of the filing of this prospectus. Newegg’s cash and cash equivalents are primarily denominated in U.S. dollars.

Newegg historically experiences higher sales in the fourth quarter due to the holiday season. In anticipation of such higher sales, Newegg typically begins building up its inventory levels in the late third quarter. Such inventory build-up may require it to expend cash faster than Newegg generates by its operations during these periods. Also as a result of this inventory build-up and faster inventory turnover during the fourth quarter, its accounts payable are typically at their highest levels at year-end, as compared to the first, second and third quarters when sales are lower. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a higher accounts payable balance at June 30, 2020 than expected, due to an increased purchase volume to meet its increased sales demand.

Newegg intends to finance its future working capital requirements and capital expenditures from cash generated from operating activities and funds raised from financing activities, including the net proceeds Newegg will receive from this Offering, and return from investing activities. Newegg’s future capital requirements may, however, vary materially from those now planned or anticipated. Changes in its operating plans, lower than anticipated net sales, increased expenses or other events, including those described in “Risk Factors,” may cause it to seek additional debt or equity financing in the future. If its existing cash is insufficient to meet its requirements, Newegg may seek to issue debt or equity securities or obtain additional credit facilities. Financing may not be available on acceptable terms, on a timely basis, or at all, and its failure to raise adequate capital when needed could negatively impact its growth plans and its financial condition and results of operations. Issuance of additional equity securities, including convertible debt securities, would dilute its earnings per share. The incurrence of debt would divert cash for working capital and capital expenditures to service debt obligations and could result in operating and financial covenants that restrict its operations and its ability to pay dividends to its shareholders. If Newegg is unable to obtain additional equity or debt financing as required, its business operations and prospects may suffer.

The following table sets forth its selected consolidated cash flow data for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, and the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019.

Net cash provided by operating activities was $64.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020. The adjustments for non-cash expenses are primarily comprised of (i) $4.5 million of depreciation and amortization that was associated with property and equipment; and (ii) $1.0 million of provision for obsolete and excess inventory. The changes in operating assets and liabilities represented a $39.3 million increase in cash provided by (i) a decrease in accounts receivable of $15.5 million; (ii) an increase in accounts payable of $56.0 million; (iii) a decrease in accrued liabilities and other liabilities of $2.9 million; and (iv) an increase in deferred revenue of $11.1 million, partially offset by (i) an increase in inventory of $33.9 million; and (ii) an increase in prepaid expenses and other assets of $6.4 million.

Net cash used in operating activities was $10.1 million in 2019. Net loss was $17.0 million in 2019. The adjustments for non-cash expenses are primarily comprised of (i) $10.7 million of depreciation and amortization that was associated with property and equipment; (ii) $4.3 million of provision for obsolete and excess inventory; and (iii) $21.8 million of gain on equity method investment. The changes in operating assets and liabilities represented a $42.8 million cash provided by (i) a decrease in accounts receivable and inventory of $33.1 million and $110.1 million, respectively; and (ii) an increase in accrued liabilities and other liabilities of $8.0 million, partially offset by (i) a decrease in accounts payable of $100.7 million, and (ii) a decrease in deferred revenue of $11.2 million.

Net cash used in operating activities was $62.9 million in 2018. Net cash used in operating activities consists of net loss as adjusted for non-cash expenses and changes in operating assets and liabilities. Net loss was $33.6 million in 2018. The adjustments for non-cash expenses are primarily comprised of (i) $10.2 million of depreciation and amortization associated with property and equipment; (ii) $9.6 million of gain on equity method investment; and (iii) $3.9 million of stock-based compensation. Changes in operating assets and liabilities represented a $39.2 million use of cash, primarily comprised of (i) a decrease in accounts payable of $18.5 million; (ii) an increase in inventories of $6.3 million; and (iii) a decrease in the accrued liabilities and other liabilities of $5.9 million, partially offset by a decrease in prepaid expenses and other assets of $2.2 million.

Net cash used in operating activities was $21.2 million in 2017. Net loss was $12.0 million in 2017. The adjustments for non-cash expenses are primarily comprised of (i) $10.6 million of depreciation and amortization that was associated with property and equipment; (ii) $4.0 million of stock-based compensation; and (iii) $3.6 million of provision for obsolete and excess inventory. Changes in operating assets and liabilities represented a $28.5 million use of cash, primarily comprised of (i) a decrease in accounts payable of $25.9 million; and (ii) an increase in inventories of $16.9 million, partially offset by (i) an increase in deferred revenue of $10.1 million; and (ii) an increase in accrued liabilities and other liabilities of $4.9 million.

Net cash used in investing activities was $2.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020, which was primarily attributable to the payments made to acquire property and equipment of $2.6 million.

Net cash provided by investing activities was $84.7 million in 2019, which was mainly due to (i) proceeds on disposal of a warehouse of $38.6 million, and (ii) proceeds on sales of equity method investment of $77.5 million, partially offset by (i) payments of $10.3 million made to acquire property and equipment; (ii) equity investments of $7 million; and (iii) loans to an affiliate of $15 million. See “Related Party Transactions-Other Related Party Transactions.”

Net cash used in investing activities was $16.0 million in 2018, which was mainly attributable to (i) equity investments of $58.0 million in connection with its investment in Mountain Capital and Bitmain (ii) loans to an affiliate of $20.0 million; and (iii) payments of $8.0 million made to acquire property and equipment, primarily for ongoing maintenance and upkeep of technology infrastructure, partially offset by loan repayments from an affiliate of $70.0 million. Newegg entered into several term loan agreements with one of its affiliates; as of December 31, 2018, there was no outstanding principal balance receivable from affiliate. See “Related Party Transactions—Other Related Party Transactions.”

Net cash used in investing activities was $55.1 million in 2017, which was primarily attributable to (i) loans to an affiliate of $62.6 million; and (ii) payments made to acquire property and equipment of $5.4 million, partially offset by loan repayments from an affiliate of $12.0 million. In April 2017, Newegg loaned $12.0 million to one of its affiliates under a term loan agreement with a maturity date of April 18, 2017. In June 2017, Newegg loaned $50.0 million to such affiliate under a term loan agreement with a maturity date of June 15, 2018. See “Related Party Transactions—Other Related Party Transactions.”

Net cash used in financing activities was $0.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020, due to the repayment of its long-term debt.

Net cash used in financing activities was $49.7 million in 2019, which was mainly due to (i) net repayment under its line of credit of $36.4 million; and (ii) repayment of its long-term debt of $13.3 million.

Net cash provided by financing activities was $2.0 million in 2018, which was mainly due to (i) borrowings under its line of credit of $123.3 million; and (ii) borrowings of long-term debt of $13.0 million, partially offset by (i) repayments under its line of credit of $88.7 million; and (ii) payment for share repurchases of $45.1 million.

Net cash provided by financing activities was $144.0 million in 2017, which was mainly attributable to (i) net proceeds from issuance of preferred stock of $168.6 million; and (ii) borrowings under its line of credit of $63.3 million, partially offset by (i) repayments under its line of credit of $67.5 million; and (ii) repayments of long-term debt of $17.7 million.

Newegg’s capital expenditures are incurred primarily in connection with purchases of property and equipment and leasehold improvements. Newegg’s capital expenditures were $5.4 million, $8.0 million, $10.3 million, and $2.6 million in 2017, 2018, 2019, and for the six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively. Newegg intends to fund its future capital expenditures with its existing cash balance and proceeds from this Offering.

In July 2018, Newegg entered into a credit agreement with East West Bank and PCN Bank that provided a revolving credit facility of up to $100.0 million with a maturity date of July 27, 2021. Prior to July 27, 2020 and subject to certain terms and conditions, the Maximum Revolving Advance Amount, as defined in the loan agreement, could be increased up to $140.0 million. The revolving credit facility includes a letter of credit sublimit of $25.0 million, which can be used to issue standby and trade letters of credit, and a $10.0 million sublimit for swingline loans. Advances from this line of credit will be subject to interest at LIBOR plus the Applicable Margin, as defined in the loan agreement, or the Alternate Base Rate (to be defined as the highest of the financial institution’s prime rate, the Overnight Bank Funding Rate plus 0.50%, or the daily LIBOR plus 1.0%) plus the Applicable Margin. For LIBOR loans, Newegg may select interest periods of one, two, or three months. Interest on LIBOR loans shall be payable at the end of the selected interest period. Interest on Alternate Base Rate loans is payable monthly. The line of credit is guaranteed by certain of Newegg’s U.S. subsidiaries and is collateralized by certain of the assets of Newegg. Such assets include all Receivables, equipment and fixtures, general intangibles, Inventory, Subsidiary Stock, securities, investment property, and financial assets, contract rights, and ledger sheets, as defined in the loan agreement. To maintain availability of funds under the loan agreement, Newegg will pay on a quarterly basis, an unused commitment fee of either 0.25% of the difference between the amount available and the amount outstanding under the facility if the difference is less than one-third of the Maximum Revolving Advance Amount or 0.40% of the difference between the amount available and the amount outstanding under the facility if the difference is equal to or greater than one-third of the Maximum Revolving Advance Amount. As of December 31, 2019, there was no balance outstanding under this line of credit. The credit facility contains customary covenants, including covenants that limit or restrict Newegg’s ability to incur capital expenditures and lease payments, make certain investments, enter into certain related-party transactions, and pay dividends. The credit facility also requires Newegg to maintain certain minimum financial ratios and maintain an operation banking relationship with the financial institutions. As of December 31, 2019, Newegg was in compliance with all financial covenants related to the line of credit.

The following table sets forth its contractual obligations and commitments as of June 30, 2020.

Newegg does not have any off-balance sheet financing arrangements or liabilities, guarantee contracts, retained or contingent interests in transferred assets, or any obligation arising out of a material variable interest in an unconsolidated entity. Newegg does not have any majority-owned subsidiaries that are not included in its consolidated financial statements.

Newegg does not use financial instruments for speculative trading purposes, and does not hold any derivative financial instruments that could expose it to significant market risk. Newegg’s primary market risk exposures are changes in interest rates and foreign currency fluctuations.

Newegg’s main interest rate exposure relates to long-term borrowings that Newegg obtains from banks and financial institutions to meet its working capital expenditure requirements. Newegg also has interest-bearing assets, including cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and loans to affiliates. Newegg manages its interest rate exposure with a focus on reducing its overall cost of debt and exposure to changes in interest rates. As of June 30, 2020 and as of December 31, 2019, Newegg had outstanding long-term borrowings in the aggregate amount of $2.4 million and $2.5 million, respectively, with the majority of its long-term borrowings having floating interest rates.

Newegg has not used derivative financial instruments to hedge the interest rate risk. Newegg has not been exposed to material risks due to changes in market interest rates. However, Newegg cannot provide assurance that Newegg will not be exposed to material risks due to changes in market interest rate in the future.

Newegg has currency fluctuation exposure arising from both sales and purchases denominated in foreign currencies. Significant changes in exchange rates between foreign currencies in which Newegg transacts business and the U.S. dollar may adversely affect its results of operations and financial condition. Historically, Newegg has not entered into any hedging activities, and, to the extent that Newegg continues not to do so in the future, Newegg may be vulnerable to the effects of currency exchange-rate fluctuations.

Newegg expects its exposure to foreign currency risk will increase as Newegg increases its operations and sales in Canada and other countries and regions. Although the effect of currency fluctuations on its financial statements has not been material in the past, there can be no assurance that the effect of currency fluctuations will not be material in the future. For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018, 2019, and for the six months ended June 30, 2020, Newegg recorded foreign exchange gain of $0.2 million, loss of $1.6 million, loss of $0.5 million, and gain of $0.3 million, respectively. Based on the balance of its foreign-denominated cash and cash equivalents, as of December 31, 2017, 2018, 2019, and June 30, 2020, an assumed 10% negative currency movement would not have a material impact.

To date, Newegg has not entered into any hedging transactions in an effort to reduce its exposure to foreign currency exchange risk.

Newegg does not believe that inflation has had a material effect on its business, financial condition or results of operations. Although Newegg does not expect it to have such an impact in the near future, Newegg cannot assure you that its business will not be affected by inflation in the future.

For a description of its related party transactions, see “Related Party Transactions” as discussed in the notes to the consolidated financial statements within this registration statement.

Newegg’s consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of its financial statements requires it to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, net sales, costs and expenses, as well as the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and other related disclosures. Newegg bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that Newegg believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about carrying values of its assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. In many instances, Newegg could have reasonably used different accounting estimates. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and Newegg includes any revisions to its estimates in its results for the period in which the actual amounts become known.

Newegg believes the critical accounting policies described below affect the more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of its consolidated financial statements. Accordingly, these are the policies Newegg believes are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating its historical consolidated financial condition and results of operations:

Newegg adopted Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09 Revenue From Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) as of January 1, 2018. Revenue recognition is evaluated through the following five step process:

Revenue is recognized when control of a promised product or service transfers to a customer, in an amount that reflects the consideration to which Newegg expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring those products or services. Revenue is recognized net of sales taxes and discounts. Newegg primarily generates revenue through product sales on its platforms and through fees earned for facilitating marketplace transactions and extended warranty sales on its platforms.

Newegg recognizes revenue on product sales at a point in time to customers when control of the product passes to the customer upon delivery to the customer or when service is provided. Newegg fulfills orders with its own inventory or with inventory sourced through its suppliers. The vast majority of the Company’s product sales are fulfilled from its own inventory. The amount recognized in revenue represents the expected consideration to be received in exchange for such goods or services. For orders fulfilled with inventory sourced through its suppliers, and where the products are shipped directly by the supplier to its customer, Newegg evaluates the criteria outlined in ASC 606-10-55, Principal versus Agent Considerations, in determining whether revenue should be recognized on a gross or net basis. Newegg determined that it is the principal in these transactions as it controls the specific good before it is transferred to the customer. Newegg is the entity responsible for fulfilling the promise to provide the specified good to the customer and takes responsibility for the acceptability of the goods, assumes inventory risk before the specified good has been transferred to the customer, has discretion in establishing the price, and selects the suppliers of products sold. Newegg accounts for product sales under these arrangements on a gross basis upon receipt of the product by the customer. Product sales exceeded 95% of consolidated net sales in each of the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019. Product sales for the six months ended June 30, 2020 decreased to 94% of consolidated sales as Newegg expands its D2C platform services.

Newegg generally requires payment by credit card upon placement of an order, and to a limited extent, grants credit to business customers typically on a 30-day term. Shipping and handling is considered a fulfillment activity, as it takes place before the customer obtains control of the goods. Amounts billed to customers for shipping and handling are included in net sales upon completion of the performance obligation.

Newegg’s product sales contracts include terms that could cause variability in the transaction price such as sales returns and credit card chargebacks. As such, the transaction price for product sales includes estimates of variable consideration to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of revenue recognized will not occur. Sales are reported net of estimated returns and allowances and credit card chargebacks, based on historical experience.

Newegg also earns fees for facilitating marketplace transactions and extended warranty sales on its platforms. For marketplace transactions, its websites host third-party sellers and the Company also provides the payment processing function. Newegg recognizes revenue upon sale of products made available through its marketplace store. Newegg is not the principal in this arrangement and does not control the specific goods sold to the customer. Newegg reports the net amount earned as commissions, which are determined using a fixed percentage of the sales price or fixed reimbursement amount. Newegg also offers extended warranty programs for various products on behalf of an unrelated third party. Newegg reports the net amount earned as revenue at the time of sale, as it is not the principal in this arrangement and does not control the specific goods sold to the customer.

Newegg offers its customers the opportunity to purchase goods and services on its website using deferred financing promotional programs provided by a third-party financing company. These programs include an option to make no payments for a period of six, twelve, eighteen or twenty-four months. The third-party financing company makes all decisions to extend credit to the customer under a separate agreement with the customer, owns all such receivables from the customer, assumes all risk of collection, and has no recourse to it in the event the customer does not pay. The third-party financing company pays Newegg for the purchase price on behalf of the customer, less certain transaction fees. Accordingly, sales generated through these programs are not reflected in Newegg’s receivables once payment is received from the third-party financing company. The transaction fee paid by it to the third-party financing company is recognized as a reduction of revenue. These transaction fees for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, and for the six months ended June 30, 2020 were immaterial.

To the extent that Newegg sells its products on third-party platforms, Newegg incurs incremental contract acquisition costs in the form of sales commissions paid to the platforms. The commissions are generally determined based on the sales price and an agreed-upon commission rate. Newegg elects the practical expedient under Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09 Revenue From Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) to recognize sales commission as an expense as incurred, as the amortization period of the asset that Newegg otherwise would have recognized is less than one year.

Newegg has three types of contractual liabilities: (1) amounts collected, or amounts invoiced and due, related to product sales where receipt of the product by the customer has not yet occurred or revenue cannot be recognized. Such amounts are recorded in the consolidated balance sheets as deferred revenue and are recognized when the applicable revenue recognition criteria have been satisfied. For all of the product sales, Newegg ships a large volume of packages through multiple carriers. Actual delivery dates may not always be available and as such, Newegg estimates delivery dates as needed based on historical data. (2) amounts collected for its now discontinued Premier membership services, which were typically paid upfront for membership benefits over a 3-month, 6-month, or 12-month period, including free 3-day shipping, free return, rush processing and dedicated customers services. Such amounts were initially recorded as deferred revenue and were recognized as revenue ratably over the subscription period. Newegg discontinued its Premier membership services in 2019, resulting in no balance of deferred revenue related to this program as of December 31, 2019. The amount of deferred revenue related to the Premier membership services was immaterial as of December 31, 2018. (3) unredeemed gift cards, which are initially recorded as deferred revenue and are recognized in the period they are redeemed. Subject to governmental agencies’ escheat requirements, certain gift cards not expected to be redeemed, also known as “breakage”, are recognized as revenue based on the historical redemption pattern. These gift cards breakage revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 were immaterial.

Newegg participates in various vendor incentive programs that include, but are not limited to, purchasing-based volume discounts, sales-based volume incentives, marketing development funds, including for certain cooperative advertising, and price protection agreements. Vendor incentives are recognized in the consolidated statements of operations as an offset to marketing and promotional expenses to the extent that they represent reimbursement of advertising costs incurred by it on behalf of the vendors that are specific, incremental, and identifiable. Reimbursements that are in excess of such costs and all other vendor incentive programs are accounted for as a reduction of cost of sales, or if the related product inventory is still on hand at the reporting date, inventory is reduced in the consolidated balance sheets.

Investments are accounted for using the equity method if the investment provides Newegg with the ability to exercise significant influence, but not control, over an investee. Significant influence is generally deemed to exist if Newegg has an ownership interest in the voting stock of the investee between 20% and 50%, although other factors are considered in determining whether the equity method is appropriate. Also, investment in limited partnerships of more than 3% to 5% are generally viewed as more than minor and are accounted for using the equity method.

The investments for which Newegg is not able to exercise significant influence over the investee and which do not have readily determinable fair values were accounted for under the cost method prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-01 Financial Instruments-Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. Subsequent to the adoption of this standard as of January 1, 2018, Newegg has elected the measurement alternative to measure such investments at cost, less any impairment, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer.

Stock-based Compensation Expense and Valuation of Shares of its Common Stock

The measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all stock-based payment awards made to employees, consultants and directors, including employee stock options and restricted stock, is based on estimated fair value of the awards on the date of grant. The value of awards that are ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense on a straight line basis over the requisite service periods in the consolidated statements of operations.

Stock-based compensation includes stock option awards issued under Newegg’s 2005 Incentive Award Plan and restricted stock issued under a Significant Shareholder Incentive Plan, which was adopted in 2016. See “Management” for a summary of the key terms and conditions of the Newegg’s 2005 Incentive Award Plan and the Significant Shareholder Incentive Plan.

The exercise prices of stock options granted were determined contemporaneously by Newegg’s Board of Directors, in conjunction with an independent valuation firm, based on its best estimated fair value of the underlying Class A Common Stock as of the date of each option grant, including but not limited to, the following factors: (i) the rights, preferences and privileges of its preferred stock relative to the common stock; (ii) its performance and stage of development; (iii) the prices paid for its preferred stock in recent issuances of its preferred stock; and (iv) the likelihood of achieving a liquidity event for the shares of common stock underlying these stock options.

Valuations of the Class A Common Stock were based on a combination of the income approach and the market approach, which were used to estimate its total enterprise value. The income approach quantifies the present value of the future cash flows that management expects to achieve from continuing operations. These future cash flows are discounted to their present values using a rate corresponding to its estimated weighted average cost of capital. Newegg’s weighted average cost of capital is calculated by weighting the required return on interest-bearing debt and common equity capital in proportion to their estimated percentages in its capital structure. The market approach considers multiples of financial metrics based on acquisition values or quoted trading prices of comparable public companies. An implied multiple of key financial metrics based on the trading and transaction values of publicly traded peers is applied to its similar metrics in order to derive an indication of value. A marketability discount is then applied to reflect the fact that its Class A Common Stock is not traded on a public exchange. The amount of the discount varies based on its management’s expectation of effecting a public offering of its Class A Common Stock within the ensuing 12 months. The enterprise value indications from the income approach and market approach were used to estimate the fair value of Newegg’s Class A Common Stock in the context of its capital structure as of each valuation date. Each valuation was based on certain estimates and assumptions. If different estimates and assumptions had been used, these valuations could have been different.

Valuations of Newegg’s Series A preferred stock and Series AA preferred stock were based on a combination of the income approach and market approach, which were used to estimate its total enterprise value. The income approach quantifies the present value of the future cash flows that management expects to achieve from continuing operations. These future cash flows are discounted to their present values using a rate corresponding to its estimated weighted average cost of capital. Newegg’s weighted average cost of capital is calculated by weighting the required return on interest-bearing debt and common equity capital in proportion to their estimated percentages in its capital structure. The market approach considers multiples of financial metrics based on acquisition values or quoted trading prices of comparable public companies. An implied multiple of key financial metrics based on the trading and transaction values of publicly traded peers is applied to its similar metrics in order to derive an indication of value. A marketability discount is then applied to reflect the fact that Newegg’s Series A preferred stock and Series AA preferred stock are not traded on a public exchange. The enterprise value indications from the income approach and market approach were used to estimate the fair value of its Series A preferred stock and Series AA preferred stock in the context of its capital structure as of each valuation date. Each valuation was based on certain estimates and assumptions. If different estimates and assumptions had been used, these valuations could have been different.

For detailed discussion on recent accounting pronouncements, see Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements of Newegg Inc. included elsewhere in this prospectus.

Pursuant to the Merger Agreement and the Disposition Agreement, upon consummation of the Restructure, LLIT will dispose its wholly owned subsidiary, Lianluo Connection, and the Merger Sub will merge into Newegg, which will then be the wholly owned Subsidiary of the Company. As a result, LLIT will no longer be engaged in the Medical Device Business. Instead, the business of Newegg will become the post-Restructure issuer’s business. Below is the description of Newegg’s business, which will be the business of the post-Restructure entity.

Newegg is a tech-focused e-commerce company in North America, and ranked second after Best Buy as the global top electronics online marketplace according to Web Retailer’s report, as measured by 32.4 million visits per month in 2019. Through Newegg.com, the company’s flagship B2C platform, and other online platforms, it operates direct sales and marketplace models for IT computer components, consumer electronics (“CE”), entertainment, smart home and gaming products and provides certain third party logistics services globally. Newegg has received numerous awards and accolades for its services since its inception, among which the company was ranked No. 5 on Newsweek’s 2020 List of Best Online Shops – Consumer Electronics.

Newegg takes pride in connecting customers to a wide and increasing selection of tech products and a massive pool of brands, sellers, suppliers, manufacturers, distributors and third-party service providers. Founded in 2001, Newegg has developed a tech-focused e-commerce ecosystem that enables all of its participants to discover, engage and transact with each other.

At the nexus of this e-commerce ecosystem, Newegg takes stewardship in continuously growing it and delivering compelling value propositions to its participants in the long run. On one hand, Newegg provides customers with access to vast, yet curated tech products sourced globally; on the other hand, Newegg creates value for Newegg’s brand partners, Marketplace sellers and suppliers by connecting them to a wide audience with life-time value. Additionally, Newegg’s platforms offer a comprehensive suite of e-commerce solutions, including product listing, fulfillment, marketing, customer service and other value-added tools and services.

There are three key participants of Newegg’s ecosystem: the customers, the Marketplace sellers, and the brand partners.

Newegg has built a large, highly engaged and loyal customer base. As of June 2020, Newegg had 3.8 million active customers (defined as customers who purchased at least one item on Newegg’s platform in the past 12 months).

Newegg’s core customers include both its business-to-consumer, or B2C, customers and Newegg’s business-to-business, or B2B, customers. See “Business —Newegg’s Business Models” for more information about Newegg’s B2C and B2B businesses.

Newegg believes that it offers the following compelling value propositions to Newegg’s customers:

On the Newegg Marketplace, third-party sellers offer their products to Newegg’s customers through its platforms and pay it commissions on their sales. See “—Newegg’s Business Models—How Newegg Deliver Newegg’s Business Model—Marketplace” for more details. The Newegg Marketplace had 13,897 (both active and inactive) sellers, approximately 32.5 million SKUs and 1,663 categories as of June 30, 2020.

Newegg is a business enabler for the Newegg Marketplace sellers in many ways. Newegg believes the Marketplace sellers choose its platforms not just because Newegg offers a forum for them to build online presence, but also because Newegg delivers the following additional values:

Newegg is a trusted partner and the go-to channel for many leading tech product brands and is increasingly establishing relationships with brands in a growing number of other product categories. As of June 30, 2020, Newegg sourced merchandise from over 2,000 brand partners, and featured the official online stores of a number of brand partners, including some of the most well-known brands.

Newegg believes it provides the following benefits for Newegg’s brand partners:

Newegg believes that it maintains its market leading position through the following continual refinement of key competitive advantages.

Newegg has adopted cost-effective, automated solutions which provide accuracy and speed. Newegg Logistics’ third-party logistics (3PL) service leverages technologies including Bastian’s OPEX Perfect Pick and Pick to Light systems which are the warehouse solutions that sort, retrieve, and ship products quickly. These warehouse automation systems allow Newegg to achieve 99+ percent same-day e-commerce fulfillment and inventory accuracy rates.

With a global reach into 20 countries as of June 30, 2020, Newegg Logistics partners with new and established online sellers to serve their customers as efficiently and cost-effectively as possible. In early 2020, Newegg added a turnkey customer service outsourcing solution to its portfolio of 3PL solutions. Newegg Bridge is provided by Newegg Logistics, the company’s in-house fulfillment network. The service offers outsourced dedicated customer service capabilities and complements Newegg’s ecosystem of service offerings, connecting multiple channels including email, phone, chat, text, and social media across multiple languages.

Newegg’s customer service is well known, consistently earning industry accolades. Its proven track record of delivering excellent customer service for nearly two decades particularly qualifies Newegg to serve as the customer service gateway for its 3PL clients via its new Newegg Bridge service.

Further strengthen its position as a leading tech-focused e-commerce company

Newegg has cultivated a strong and loyal customer base. Newegg intends to further expand and engage with its customer base by increasing the efficiency of its platforms and implementing new features to augment its platforms’ mobile functionality. Newegg also plans to continue enhancing its award-winning customer service function.

Newegg intends to engage in brand promotion campaigns and other marketing activities across online and offline channels to further drive its growth and enhance its brand recognition worldwide. Newegg plans to continue engaging its existing customers and reaching out to new customers utilizing social media, customer interactions on its platforms and offline marketing events in both domestic and overseas markets.

Increase Newegg’s product assortment and introduce new product categories

Newegg will continue to grow its direct sales and Marketplace business by increasing its product assortment and introducing new product categories.

Newegg is confident that its suppliers and Marketplace sellers will increase their offerings on its platforms if it continues to offer a compelling value proposition and further develop its data-led insights, real-time visibility of customer preference shifts and fulfillment and logistics capabilities. Newegg also intends to attract new third-party sellers to its Marketplace by providing them with access to its growing customer base, the majority of whom are tech-savvy, and its ancillary e-commerce solutions. This will enable Newegg to further enhance its sourcing capabilities, expand the diversity and availability of its merchandise and penetrate into additional IT/CE related categories, such as lifestyle electronics, health tech, tech toys, maker components and kits and Internet of Things (IoT) products.

Newegg intends to further expand its Rosewill and ABS private label assortment by continuing to offer high quality, feature rich, value priced products. As of June 30, 2020, private label products (consisting of Rosewill and ABS products) across all Newegg platforms (Newegg.com, Newegg.ca and NeweggBusiness.com) constituted collectively about 0.003% of Newegg’s total active SKU count, while products offered by Newegg’s Marketplace sellers constituted 99.596% of Newegg’s total active SKU count.

Newegg plans to further expand its offerings under its Rosewill brand in targeted categories which it believes provide strong growth potential and higher margins, including DIY components, gaming accessories, gaming chairs, headsets, home automation and IoT connected devices. Under its ABS brand, its goal is to continue to drive significant growth in its line of gaming and business grade PCs’ by leveraging its large audience of gamers and business customers who seek a high quality, high powered PC. Both brands are offered globally through its cross border initiative and are expected to be included in future cross border expansion.

Newegg seeks to expand its B2B business by further penetrating into small- and mid-sized businesses and public sector institutions and continuously enhancing its value proposition tailored to meet the needs of its target verticals. Newegg plans to offer additional electronic tools and content that allow B2B customers to troubleshoot issues on their own without having to wait for a customer representative. Newegg is also expanding its broad assortment of business class products from top brands at competitive prices, which it offers with rapid delivery options and seamless customer and technical services.

Newegg aims to continue to attract new customers and increase existing customers’ retention and repeat purchase rates by emphasizing its personal touch in customer relationships and focusing on comprehensive online and offline marketing campaigns, effective customer engagement via social media and referrals, deals and promotions and efficient conversion of high-value accounts from Newegg.com.

Further develop its IT infrastructure and expand globally and into new businesses

Newegg plans to capitalize on its leading technology and infrastructure to enter into new markets and new businesses. Newegg expects to further develop its IT infrastructure and mobile e-commerce platform to include big data applications, supply chain management systems and AI-driven analytical capabilities by integrating commercial software packages and open-source components into its software and systems. Newegg also aims to build on its success in select countries, such as Canada, and apply its model to expand into fast-growing markets where there are attractive opportunities.

Pursue selective strategic partnership, investments and acquisition opportunities

Newegg intends to selectively pursue strategic alliances and strategic partnerships that are complementary to its business and operations, including opportunities that can help Newegg further promote its brand to new customers, increase its product offerings, improve its technology and fulfillment infrastructure, and expand its presence to more markets.

Newegg aims to expand its offering of a variety of value-added D2C platform services and solutions. It believes by providing these services, Newegg creates additional value for its business partners and customers and ultimately benefits the Newegg ecosystem and all its participants. Currently, Newegg offers the third-party logistics (3PL), including Shipped by Newegg® Service, Newegg Logistic, Newegg Staffing, Pure Facility Solutions, Inc., Newegg Bridge, a PC Builder tool, and expects to launch a Newegg personal computer assembly service in the near future.

Newegg’s primary business model is to help customers find and purchase their desired products through its platforms. From a customer base and target audience perspective, Newegg categorizes its business model into B2C and B2B operations. Newegg strives to offer a compelling online shopping experience, reliable and timely order fulfilment and superior customer service across its B2C and B2B operations through its direct sales, market place and D2C platform services.

Newegg’s B2C business model features selling products directly to consumers. Newegg started as a B2C business since launching Newegg’s e-commerce platform in 2001. As of June 30, 2020, Newegg had approximately 35 million registered B2C customers.

With a focus on selling IT/CE products, Newegg’s B2C business has expanded to include an increasingly wide range of products, including small home appliances, health & fitness, home living, sports, personal grooming, drones, auto electronics & parts, etc.

Newegg’s B2C customers consist primarily of sophisticated IT professionals, gamers, do-it-yourself tech enthusiasts and early tech adopters who generally occupy a well-educated, affluent, and IT trendsetting demographic with relatively high purchase frequency and strong willingness to embrace tech trends and try new products. Newegg believes its success is built upon its ability to cater to the preferences, tastes and habits of this demographic. As of June 30, 2020, through Newegg’s three major platforms, namely Newegg.com, Newegg.ca and Newegg Global, Newegg served customers in over 20 countries and regions, mostly in Asia and the Middle East region. For details of these platforms, see “Business—The Newegg Platforms—B2C Platforms.” Newegg’s B2C operations recorded approximately $1.5 billion for the year ended December 31, 2019 and approximately $1.0 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2020.

Although business customers have been able to shop on its Newegg.com platform since its launching in 2001, Newegg did not begin focusing on building its B2B operations until 2009 when Newegg launched NeweggBusiness.com, a dedicated B2B e-commerce platform, to tap into the burgeoning B2B opportunity. With a focus on providing office and IT equipment, NeweggBusiness.com offers an increasingly extensive assortment, including access to account executives with expertise in sourcing technology for business and processing industry specific requirements. Newegg’s B2B operations recorded approximately $409.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, and approximately $141.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020.

Newegg’s B2B customers span across a range of verticals, including healthcare providers, K12 and educational institutions, government agencies, and businesses of all sizes, and its B2B operations have been focused on providing specialized support for their industry- and business-specific needs. As a major business development strategy, Newegg focuses its B2B efforts on serving small office / home office, or SOHO, small- and medium-sized businesses, or SMBs, and private and public sector markets which Newegg believes are underserved by other B2B retailers. As of June 30, 2020, Newegg had over 550,000 registered accounts on NeweggBusiness.com.

Currently, while Newegg positions NeweggBusiness.com as its dedicated B2B website, a significant number of its B2B customers also shop via Newegg’s account managers, or on its flagship retail platform, Newegg.com. See “Business—The Newegg Platforms—B2B Platforms” for more information about these platforms.

Newegg sells products to its B2C and B2B businesses through direct sales and Marketplace.

For years since it commenced operations, Newegg operated primarily as a direct sales e-commerce platform and built a well-recognized brand, a massive, loyal tech-focused customer base, a reliable logistics network and strong supplier relationships. Leveraging these existing competitive advantages, the know-how and expertise from its direct sales business, in 2010 Newegg launched Newegg Marketplace to complement its direct sales operations. Newegg Marketplace has allowed Newegg to significantly expand its global reach and product assortment that it otherwise couldn’t offer efficiently, while incurring minimal inventory risk and costs associated with building additional supplier relationships. The products sourced by it, together with those offered on the Marketplace, provide Newegg’s customers access to an unparalleled product assortment. Newegg’s online platforms (direct and Marketplace) offered approximately 32.6 million SKUs as of June 30, 2020.

Newegg believes that the integration of its direct sales and Marketplace operations have created a virtuous, self-reinforcing cycle. The Newegg Marketplace is built on the success of its direct sales business, and Newegg believes that many sellers are attracted to the Newegg Marketplace by its direct sales credentials. On the other hand, as the number of sellers and brands on the Newegg Marketplace continues to grow, the choices available to customers also should increase, generating a strong momentum for Newegg’s continued growth. Newegg believes that this self-reinforcement, coupled with its reliable logistics network, has made it a strong player in the e-commerce industry.

Newegg acquires products directly from its partners that consist of manufacturers, distributors and wholesalers, and sells them directly to its B2C and B2B customers. For its direct sales, Newegg sources the products, takes inventory risk, processes customer payments, prepares packages for shipment and delivery, and provides customer service and support. Newegg stocks and ships from its own warehouses, and also drop ships directly to customers from its partners’ warehouses.

The success of Newegg’s direct sales business depends largely upon its ability to secure a broad selection of products from suppliers at competitive costs. Since the commencement of its operations, Newegg has sought and cultivated deep, longstanding relationships with some of the biggest IT brands in the world and many of the largest, most important IT distributors. Newegg continuously seeks to build similar relationships with suppliers in new and emerging categories and in new geographies. Due to Newegg’s strong supplier relationships and Newegg’s purchasing volume, Newegg is able to obtain favorable pricing, early allocation of new products, preferential allocation of products in shortage, and funding for product promotion and cooperative marketing. Newegg also enjoys exclusive arrangements with certain suppliers where it is able to offer highly demanded products exclusively on Newegg’s platforms. For more information about merchandise sourced for direct sales, see “—Merchandise Sourcing.”

Direct sales is the basis of Newegg’s business, generating approximately 71% of its GMV as of June 30, 2020. Newegg leverages the traffic, customers, infrastructure, brand promise and overall goodwill generated by its direct sales relationships to enable entry into new models, businesses and geographies. This has allowed Newegg to continuously improve its value proposition to its customers and reach new customers and geographies, while improving its relationships with its partners.

The Newegg Marketplace operations enable customers to discover and purchase products from qualified third-party sellers from 35 countries and regions globally as of June 30, 2020. The Newegg Marketplace operations consist of the Newegg Marketplace launched in 2010, the Newegg B2B Marketplace, the Newegg Canada Marketplace launched in 2014 and the International Seller Program launched in 2011, a cross-border selling program designed to allow qualified international sellers to list products on Newegg’s platforms for sale across at least 20 countries and regions. As of June 30, 2020, the Newegg Marketplace connected B2C and B2B customers to 13,897 third-party sellers offering approximately 32.5 million SKUs. The Newegg Marketplace offers a wide and increasing portfolio of categories, including emerging smart home automation, VR, and lifestyle electronics, health and beauty technology products, and houses online stores of some of the most well-known brands in the tech industry, such as HP, Dyson, and Lenovo.

The Newegg Marketplace sellers can use the Newegg Marketplace Seller Portal, a unified application programming interface enabled system, which enables sellers to manage items, orders, accounts and reports, for the day-to-day operations of their online stores, including product listings, inventory management, order fulfillment, customer service, promotional content and service reviews and returns. Newegg also offers the following additional features and tools to help Marketplace sellers drive traffic and maximize sales:

While Newegg encourages Marketplace sellers to offer the most attractive prices, they have the flexibility to price the products sold through the Newegg Marketplace. Due to Newegg’s scale and large visitor traffic, some of the Marketplace sellers also set aside exclusive product supplies for it and offer the most competitive pricing for its customers.

Newegg has a rigorous process in place to assess the Newegg Marketplace sellers. Newegg selects Marketplace sellers based on a number of factors, including service level, logistics capability, operation efficiency, category focus, sales volume, brand assortment, customer rating and market reputation. Newegg also requires third-party sellers to meet its strict standards and protocols in terms of product authenticity, customer services, and delivery and fulfillment so that customers are confident that they receive the same level of buying experience and customer service that they expect when buying directly from Newegg. See also “Customer Service and Support—Marketplace monitoring.” Only those sellers that meet its criteria are selected, and any that fall below its standards will not continue to sell on the Newegg Marketplace.

The Newegg Marketplace sellers pay Newegg commissions on their sales, with published commission rates varying according to the product category from 8% to 15%. Newegg also charges membership fees for the additional value-added services and tools that it provides to sellers based on their enrollment.

As of June 30, 2020, Newegg offered over 32.6 million SKUs, consisting of 131,763 direct sales SKUs sourced from at least 365 suppliers globally and 32.5 million SKUs on the Newegg Marketplace from 13,897 third-party sellers globally. As of June 30, 2020, approximately 37.4% of Newegg’s direct sales inventory was purchased from distributors, 60.3% directly from manufacturers and 2.3% from other sources. As of June 30, 2020, the 10 largest suppliers accounted for 70.9% of the merchandise Newegg purchased for direct sales.

The table below shows Newegg’s product categories offered through its platforms and their selected featured brands and the number of SKUs in each category:

To ensure a steady supply of products and optimized pricing and allocation, Newegg maintains multiple sourcing arrangements for most of its products. Newegg deploys a flexible sourcing model, utilizing different distribution channels when economically and logistically beneficial while maintaining its reseller authorizations and relationships with its brand partners. As Newegg increases in scale in new or emerging product categories, it endeavors to increase its purchases directly from manufacturers and, where appropriate, to become an authorized reseller, which Newegg believes provides improved product pricing and better access to preferred product allocation.

Newegg’s tech savvy customer base, its online marketing and merchandising expertise and its ability to quickly and efficiently launch new products make it the go-to channel for many manufacturers and distributors. Newegg is particularly strong in the components categories where Newegg is one of the largest channels online or offline and it continues to gain significant traction with suppliers in other categories, such as desktop PCs, laptops, and input/output devices.

Newegg maintains extensive and longstanding relationships with many of the biggest tech product brands and distributors globally. Newegg employs a team of merchandising professionals consisting of 51 employees as of June 30, 2020, specifically trained to cultivate and manage relationships with large international IT brands, such as Gigabyte, MSI, Asus, G.Skill, Acer, Corsair, Coolermaster, AMD, Intel, WD, Seagate, Samsung, Nvidia, HP, Lenovo, Microsoft and EVGA. Its merchandising professionals review Newegg’s product categories and brands on a regular basis to assess demand and trends so that Newegg offers its customers access to the most current and desirable products. Newegg purchases its inventory from vendors on trade accounts typically requiring payment between 15 and 45 days after the date the inventory is shipped to us.

Leveraging its scale, brand and global footprint, Newegg seeks to enter into exclusive agreements with selected suppliers and third-party distributors for some or all of their products with favorable terms. Newegg has created a manufacturer portal where its suppliers can access reports regarding inventory and purchase history of the manufacturers’ products, view Newegg’s vast record of customer reviews, and analyze information about its customer purchases of their products. Newegg’s suppliers can access this information to assist in their marketing and product development efforts.

In 2004, Newegg began to offer its private label products by launching Rosewill, its first private label brand on Newegg.com. The private label assortment is primarily focused around categories where Newegg believes that it can compete at higher than average margins while delivering lower cost, high quality options to its customers. Newegg offers its private label products both across its platforms and on other e-commerce platforms, such as Walmart, Amazon, and eBay.

Newegg’s major private labels currently include Rosewill which is focused on offering feature rich computer components, gaming peripherals and home electronics, and ABS, a private label launched in 2014 that offers high-end gaming PCs for consumers and custom configured computers for business applications requiring the performance of a gaming GPU.

In addition to online retail sales, Newegg also generates revenues from a range of ancillary value-added D2C platform services and solutions. Newegg believes by providing these services, Newegg creates additional value for its business partners and customers and ultimately benefits the Newegg ecosystem and all its participants.

Newegg offers flexible marketing packages consisting of advertising sales, event organization and other marketing campaigns to its brand partners. Newegg helps brands reach a potential audience by leveraging its online portals, marketing affiliates and promotional emails. Newegg has a global professional marketing team consisting of 62 people as of June 30, 2020, who help its brand partners and marketplace sellers design marketing activities with highly effective cost of sales. In addition, Newegg also utilizes social media to market its brand partners to over three million social fans across various internet platforms, including Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and Instagram, by offering promotions, sweepstakes, and reviews in order to maximize Newegg’s brand partners’ exposure.

Newegg’s websites and mobile applications, which it refers to as the “Newegg platforms,” are the foundation of the Newegg ecosystem. While each Newegg platform is strategically focused on differential market segments, customers and/or product categories, the platforms share a common Newegg brand and are supported by its integrated logistics and fulfillment capability, operational expertise and technology infrastructure, and Newegg offers the same level of customer service and dedication across all these platforms.

In 2009, Newegg launched NeweggBusiness.com, a site that currently supports substantially all of its B2B operations. Over the years, Newegg has built NeweggBusiness.com into a dedicated B2B e-commerce platform offering a full range of IT, office and industrial products and solutions with a wide customer base ranging from government agencies, healthcare institutions, and education institutions to other businesses of all sizes. NeweggBusiness.com supports both direct sales and a B2B marketplace that connects its B2B customers with over 2,000 third-party sellers globally.

In addition to the major Newegg platforms discussed above, Newegg also operates Newegglogistics.com, a platform dedicated to providing reliable logistics and supply chain solutions through 3PL operations. For details of Newegg’s 3PL services, see “Business—Newegg’s Business Models—Other Services—Third-party Logistics (3PL) Services.”

Newegg has a reliable logistics network and infrastructure designed to ensure timely and accurate shipment of a massive amount of orders. This has allowed it to handle seamless delivery of over 22,885 parcels per day on average, with an average accuracy rate of over 99.9%, an over 97.4% 1-business day fulfillment rate in the United States and Canada if ordered prior to Newegg’s 3PM local time order cut-off and a 99.5% 2-business day fulfillment rate in the United States and Canada, as of June 30, 2020.

Newegg stocks and ships the vast majority of its direct sales products. Fulfillment of orders from the Newegg Marketplace is executed by the sellers except for orders shipped through its Shipped by Newegg (SBN) services, where the items will be shipped from one of Newegg’s warehouses.

Its logistics and fulfillment focus on reliable, efficient and flexible delivery.

Newegg has built its brand on the principle of superior customer service. Newegg provides high-quality customer service and support throughout its customers’ entire engagement with us, from purchase to returns.

From a customer service perspective, in addition to customers, Newegg broadly defines its customers to also include the Newegg Marketplace sellers, from whom Newegg earns commissions, and purchasers of its 3PL services and other ancillary e-commerce solutions and services. See “—The Newegg Ecosystem—Key Ecosystem Participants and How Newegg Creates Value for Them—Marketplace Sellers” and “—Newegg’s Business Models—Other Services—Third-party logistics (3PL) services” for more information about Newegg’s engagement with these customers.

Newegg provides its customers with the flexibility to choose from a number of traditional online payment options, along with certain creative payment solutions that are popular with tech enthusiasts.

Newegg’s marketing strategy includes generating customer traffic, increasing its brand recognition, acquiring customers cost-efficiently, building customer loyalty and maximizing repeat purchases. Newegg’s integrated marketing framework represents a core competency that it regards as essential to the success of its platform. Newegg is focused on continuing to enhance Newegg’s brand awareness through a variety of online and offline marketing and brand promotion activities, meanwhile leveraging technology to drive scalability and sustainability and eventually achieve optimal return on investment and highly effective cost of traffic as well as sales.

Newegg benefits significantly from word-of-mouth referrals and positive product reviews, and Newegg believes its reputation as a one-stop-tech-shop has led to strong word-of-mouth promotion, especially among the tech-savvy. Newegg also provides live-streaming product reviews on its platforms, through which its customers could see other people’s thoughts on the product in a more straightforward way. As of June 30, 2020, Newegg attracted 54% of its visitors without incurring a referral, click-through or advertising fee.

Newegg conducts the majority of its marketing efforts online through targeted marketing via affiliates, search engines, promotional emails, social media traffic, targeting and personalization and online promotion campaigns.

Newegg also devotes marketing resources in various offline formats, including displaying offline advertisement through multiple channels and sponsoring or organizing offline events.

Newegg’s technology systems are a critical component of its success and are designed to enhance efficiency and scalability. Newegg’s research and development team, coupled with its proprietary technology infrastructure and the large volume of data generated and collected on its platforms, have created opportunities for continuous improvements in Newegg’s technology capabilities, empowering reliability, scalability and flexibility. Newegg’s technology strategy is to develop Newegg’s own proprietary software and license technologies from third parties as appropriate in order to simplify and improve the shopping experience, as well as facilitate Newegg’s fulfillment, financial and customer service operations.

Newegg has built its technology platform relying primarily on software and systems that Newegg has developed in-house and to a lesser extent on third-party software. Its global research and development team consists of more than 450 IT professionals and engineers as of June 30, 2020, working to design and maintain Newegg’s IT infrastructure to support its growth. Newegg’s technology infrastructure is designed for scalability and reliability to support business growth. It utilizes high-availability clusters comprising groups of servers to provide sufficient redundancy and ensure continued service in the event of single point server failure due to hostile attacks, systematic errors or other reasons. Newegg’s high-availability data system ensures that back-up servers are connected to its network instantly once master servers experience technical difficulties.

Newegg currently has two self-owned data centers in City of Industry, California and two co-located data centers at facilities in Los Angeles, California, and New Jersey to provide redundancy for its e-commerce data. Newegg maintains over 1,500 servers stored in its data centers and 300 network devices. Newegg’s IT infrastructure enables it to support 54 million page views and with the capability to process up to 0.75 million orders per day. Newegg’s platform obtained PCI Level 1 certification in 2010.

Newegg is committed to protecting information security across all Newegg platforms. Newegg uses a variety of techniques to protect the integrity of its networks and the confidential data it collects and stores. Confidential information concerning Newegg’s customers, sellers and suppliers is encrypted and is protected using SSL encryption software. In addition, Newegg uses multiple layers of network segregation and hierarchical levels of firewall technology to protect against attacks or unauthorized access to its networks, servers and databases. Newegg also continues to build new procedural safeguards as part of its comprehensive privacy program. Newegg operates in a secured and locked facility that requires all of its employees to check in and wear valid ID badges.

Newegg has adopted a detailed privacy policy that describes in plain language its data use practices and how privacy is protected at Newegg, including the extent to which other Newegg users may have access to this information. Newegg requires users to acknowledge and expressly agree to this policy when registering with its platforms. For more information, see “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Newegg’s Business and Industry—Failure to protect confidential information of Newegg’s customers and network against security breaches could damage its reputation and brand and substantially harm its business and results of operations.”

Newegg relies on a combination of trademark, trade secret and other intellectual property laws as well as confidentiality agreements with its employees and suppliers for the purpose of protecting the proprietary rights associated with the products branded under Newegg’s private labels. Newegg controls access to use and distribution of its intellectual property through license agreements, confidentiality procedures, non-disclosure agreements with third parties and its employment and contractor agreements.

Newegg’s intellectual property portfolio includes numerous domain names for websites that it uses in its business. Newegg has registered the domain names newegg.com, newegg.ca and neweggbusiness.com and their variations. Newegg’s “Newegg” trademark and logo have also been registered with the relevant authorities in the United States, Canada and China (as well as in other regions, such as the European Union and Brazil. Furthermore, Newegg has also registered the trademarks and logos of its major private labels, such as Rosewill and ABS Computer.

In addition to the protection of its intellectual property, Newegg is focusing on ensuring that its product offerings (especially its private label products) do not infringe on the intellectual property of others. Generally, its agreements with suppliers contain provisions to safeguard it against potential intellectual property infringement by its suppliers and impose penalties in the event of any infringement. Newegg reserves the right to refuse to work with or terminate its relationship with suppliers where it comes to its attention that they are violating the intellectual property rights of a third party.

The worldwide market in which Newegg competes is evolving rapidly and intensely competitive, and Newegg faces a broad array of competitors from many different industry sectors around the world. Newegg’s current and potential competitors include: (i) online, offline and multichannel retailers, publishers, vendors, distributors, manufacturers, and producers of the products Newegg offers and sells to customers; (ii) companies that provide ancillary D2C platform services and solutions, including website development, advertising, customer service and payment processing; (iii) companies that provide fulfillment and logistics services for themselves or for third parties, whether online or offline; and (iv) companies that design, manufacture, market, or sell consumer electronics, telecommunication, and electronic devices.

Some of Newegg’s current and potential competitors have greater resources, longer histories, more customers, greater brand recognition, and greater control over inputs critical to Newegg’s various businesses. They may secure better terms from suppliers, adopt more aggressive pricing, pursue restrictive distribution agreements that restrict Newegg’s access to supply, direct consumers to their own offerings instead of ours, lock-in potential customers with restrictive terms, and devote more resources to technology, infrastructure, fulfillment, and marketing. Each of Newegg’s businesses is also subject to rapid change and the development of new business models and the entry of new and well-funded competitors. Other companies also may enter into business combinations or alliances that strengthen their competitive positions.

In the United States, Newegg competes with retail stores and resellers, including superstores such as Best Buy, Costco and Walmart, hardware and software vendors that sell directly to end users, online retailers such as Amazon, and other marketers and resellers of IT and CE products. Newegg also faces competition in the international markets Newegg participates in, such as Mongkok Computer Centre (HK), Umart (Australia) Best Bargain Computer (Singapore), Noon in the Middle East, or may enter in the future.

See also “Risk Factors - Risks Relating to Newegg’s Business and Newegg’s Industry - Newegg face intense domestic and international competition.”

Since Newegg first launched its business, its customers have submitted a large number of positive reviews relating to their shopping experiences with us, many of which are posted on popular consumer review sites such as ResellerRatings. Newegg has also been rated a number of times as a top e-commerce site for IT and electronics products. For example, Newegg’s overall customer satisfaction rating is 9.3 out of 10 on Internet retail rating site www.ResellerRatings.com. Newegg’s success in pleasing its customers has also been validated in third-party surveys-sources. Newegg have been recognized as a “Google Trusted Store” with a rating of 4.5 out of 5. Newegg also became a Better Business Bureau Accredited business since September 2011 with a rating of A+.

In 2019 and as of June 30, 2020, Newegg received a number of national awards and ratings for its excellent customer service, including:

As of December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, Newegg employed a total of 2,138, 2,081 and 1,561 full-time employees. As of June 30, 2020, Newegg employed a total of 1,508 full-time employees. The following tables give breakdowns of its full-time employees as of June 30, 2020 by function and by region.

During the holiday season, Newegg have historically added temporary workers to augment its full-time work force.

Newegg’s corporate headquarters is located in City of Industry, California. Newegg also leases additional corporate office facilities and fulfillment and warehouse operations throughout North America, principally in California, Indiana and New Jersey in the United States, and Toronto in Canada. Outside of North America, Newegg also owns or leases corporate office facilities and fulfillment and warehouse operations, principally in China, Taiwan and the United Kingdom. Newegg’s Asia headquarters is in Shanghai. Newegg periodically evaluates its facility requirements as necessary and believes its existing and planned facilities will be sufficient for its needs for at least the next twelve months.

Newegg’s business performance is subject to seasonal fluctuations. It has undergone and expects to continue to undergo an increase in activity during the year-end holiday period. These seasonal effects cause differences in revenues and expenses among the various quarters of any financial year, which means that the individual quarters should not be directly compared with each other or be used to predict annual financial results. This intra-year seasonal fluctuation in demand is in accord with historic experience in the retail and e-commerce industries, with increased volumes during the fourth calendar quarter of the year.

Newegg is subject to U.S. federal and state consumer protection laws, including laws protecting the privacy of customer non-public information and regulations prohibiting unfair and deceptive trade practices. Other existing and future laws cover issues such as user privacy, spyware and the tracking of consumer activities, marketing e-mails and communications, other advertising and promotional practices, money transfers, pricing, content and quality of products and services, taxation, electronic contracts and other communications and information security.

Particularly, under applicable federal and state laws and regulations addressing privacy and data security, Newegg must provide notice to consumers of its policies with respect to the collection and use of personal information, and its sharing of personal information with third parties, and notice of any changes to its data handling practices. In some instances, Newegg may be obligated to give customers the right to prevent sharing of their personal information with third parties. Under applicable federal and state laws, Newegg also is required to comply with a number of requirements when sending commercial email to consumers, including identifying advertising and promotional emails as such, ensuring that subject lines are not deceptive, giving consumers an opportunity to opt-out of further communications and clearly disclosing its name and physical address in each commercial email. Regulation of privacy and data security matters is an evolving area, with new laws and regulations enacted frequently. For example, California recently enacted legislation that, among other things, requires new disclosures to California consumers, and affords such consumers new abilities to opt out of certain sales of personal information, effective January 1, 2020. In addition, under applicable federal and state unfair competition laws, including the California Consumer Legal Remedies Act, and U.S. Federal Trade Commission, or FTC, regulations, Newegg must accurately identify product offerings, not make misleading claims on its platforms, and use qualifying disclosures where and when appropriate.

There is also great uncertainty over whether or how existing laws governing issues such as property ownership, sales and other taxes, auctions, libel and personal privacy apply to the Internet and commercial online services. For example, tax authorities in a number of states are currently reviewing the appropriate tax treatment of companies engaged in online commerce, and new state tax regulations may subject the Company to additional state sales and income taxes. Additionally, new state legislation may also subject it to other types of taxes. New legislation or regulation, the application of laws and regulations from jurisdictions whose laws do not currently apply to its business or the application of existing laws and regulations to the Internet and commercial online services could result in significant additional taxes or regulatory restrictions on its business or may necessitate changes to its business practices. These obligations or changes could have an adverse effect on Newegg’s financial position and results of operations.

Newegg’s international operations are subject to foreign laws and regulations addressing topics such as customs duties and taxes, advertising and marketing practices, privacy, data protection and information security and consumer rights, as well as additional laws and regulations, including restrictions on imports from, exports to, and services provided to persons located in certain countries and territories, any of which might apply by virtue of Newegg’s operations in foreign countries and territories or its contacts with consumers in such foreign countries and territories. For example, in Canada, Newegg is subject to labor and employment laws, laws governing advertising, privacy and data security laws, safety regulations and other laws, including consumer protection regulations that apply to online retailers and/or the promotion and sale of merchandise and the operation of stores and warehouse facilities. Newegg monitors changes in these laws, regulations, treaties and agreements, and believes that Newegg is in material compliance with applicable laws.

From time to time, Newegg may be involved in legal proceedings in the ordinary course of its business. Except as disclosed below, Newegg is currently not a party to any material legal or administrative proceedings.

In February 2018, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts Department of Revenue issued a notice of intent to assess (“NIA”) sales/use taxes on Newegg for the period from October 1, 2017 through October 31, 2017 for a total assessment of $652,254.68 including penalties and interest. The Department of Revenue subsequently reduced this amount to $295,910.68. In May 2020, Newegg received from the Commonwealth of Massachusetts Department of Revenue another notice of assessment for sales and use taxes for the months of November 2017 through September 2018 in the amount of $2,721,369.77, including penalties and interest. Newegg has appealed these assessments and Newegg intends to vigorously protest them. The outcome of this matter or the timing of such payments, if any, cannot be predicted at this time.

In 2017, Newegg, along with two of its subsidiaries and various third parties, were named as defendants in a case brought by four South Korean banks in U.S. District Court for the Central District of California. The complaint alleged claims for intentional and negligent misrepresentation, negligent supervision and unfair competition, and sought damages against, among other entities, Newegg and two of its subsidiaries. In April 2018, the Court dismissed all claims against Newegg Trading Limited without prejudice. In October 2018, the court granted Newegg’s motion to dismiss all claims against Newegg and its remaining subsidiary without leave to amend.

In December 2014, an individual plaintiff sued Newegg’s subsidiary, Newegg.com Americas Inc. (“Newegg.com Americas”), in Superior Court in Los Angeles County, California, alleging that Newegg.com Americas had engaged in deceptive advertising practices and seeking to certify a class action. In 2016, the trial court sustained Newegg.com Americas’ demurrer to the plaintiff’s claims without leave to amend. The plaintiff appealed, and in July 2018 an appellate court reversed the decision of the trial court, thus allowing the case to proceed. The matter is now pending in the trial court, with Newegg Inc. having been added as a defendant. Newegg does not believe that a loss is probable and intends to vigorously defend itself and its subsidiaries. Depending on the amount and timing, an unfavorable result could materially affect Newegg’s business, consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

Set forth below is information concerning our directors, executive officers and other key employees as of this the date of this prospectus and upon consummation of the Restructure and this Offering.

Mr. Bin Lin. Mr. Lin became the our chairman of the board and chief executive officer on August 25, 2020, to fill in the vacancy created by the resignation of Mr. Zhitao He. Mr. Lin has been acting as the chairman of the board of Beijing Huitu Information Technology Co., Ltd. (“Huitu”) since December 2013. Huitu, a company based in Beijing, China, develops and sells water resources application software and related products. From January 2006 to December 2013, he was the chief executive officer of China Fire & Security Group, a company engaged in the design, development, manufacturing and sale of industrial fire protection products and services, whose common stock was listed on The NASDAQ Stock Market from 2007 to 2011. From January 2000 to December 2005, he was the general manager of Beijing Linkehaide Technology Co., Ltd, a provider of software and hardware development platforms and solutions for telecom equipment manufacturers and value-added service operators. Mr. Lin received a master’s degree in Electrical Engineering from University of Toronto in 1989, a master’s degree in Management Science from Huazhong University of Science and Technology in 1987 and a bachelor’s degree in Electrical Engineering from Huazhong University of Science and Technology in 1986. Mr. Lin is a Canadian national and currently lives in Beijing, China.

Ms. Yingmei Yang. Immediately prior to the closing of the Offering, Mr. Wu will resign from her position of Interim Chief Financial Officer and will be appointed to be the director of the post-closing issuer. Ms. Yang has served as our interim Chief Financial Officer since March 15, 2018 and on our board of directors since April 1, 2020. Ms. Yang has served as the director of Newegg since July 2018. In addition, she has acted as the Vice President of Hangzhou Lianluo Interactive Information Technology Co., Ltd., a major shareholder of the Company since February, 2018. From January, 2015 to February, 2018, Ms. Yang has served as Chief Financial Officer and Vice President of Lianluo Interactive. From February, 2013 to January, 2015, Ms. Yang was the Chief Financial Officer and Secretary of Board of Beijing Digit Horizon Technology Limited, the predecessor of Lianluo Interactive. Ms. Yang currently also serves on the board of directors of Newegg Inc.

Mr. Richard Zhiqiang Chang. Mr. Chang has served as our independent director since 2016. Mr. Richard Chang has been CEO of Beijing Zhineng Technology Co., Ltd. in Beijing China since October 2015. Prior to that position, he served as a Key Account Manager and Business VP at AREVA Inc. in Beijing, China from 2013 through October 2015 and Chief Representative and Regional VP at Ventyx Inc. in Atlanta, Georgia from July 2009 to July 2013. Mr. Chang earned a master’s degree in computer science in 1997 from the University of Texas as Dallas, a master’s degree in automation in 1990 from Shanghai Jiaotong University and a bachelor’s degree in automation in 1985 from the same school.

Mr. Bin Pan. Mr. Pan has served as our independent director since October 2016. Mr. Bin Pan is the Chairman of Shanghai Hubo Investment Management Co., Ltd. He is also the independent director of Hangzhou Lianluo Interactive Information Technology Co. Ltd., Shanghai Yaoji Playing Card Co., Ltd, Shenzhen Prolto Supply Chain Management Co., Ltd and Shanghai Zhixin Electric Co., Ltd. Mr. Pan has been a partner in Shanghai Capital Law & Partners law firm since June 2004. He used to be the vice-president at the investment banking division of China Southern Securities Co., Ltd. from March 1997 to June 2004. Mr. Pan earned his master’s degree in International Economic Law from Shanghai University of International Business and Economics in 1997 and his bachelor’s degree in 1994 from Huazhong University of Science and Technology University.

Mr. Fuya Zheng. Mr. Zheng was appointed as an independent director to the board of the Company, effective April 24, 2020. Mr. Zheng has extensive experience in corporate finance and investment management. He was a consultant of Yingde Gases Group Company (“Yingde Gases”), a leading industrial gas supplier in China, from September 2017 to March 2020. Mr. Zheng was an independent director of Yingde Gases from September 2009 to September 2017. From February 2018 until May 2019, Mr. Zheng was also an independent director of ChinaCache International Holdings Ltd. (CCIHY). From January 2008 to November 2012, Mr. Zheng was Chief Financial Officer of Cogo Group, Inc., a then NASDAQ listed company that provided customized module design solutions and manufactured electronic products in China. Mr. Zheng was also a director of the same company from January 2005 to November 2012. Prior to that, Mr. Zheng was vice president of travel service at eLong, Inc., one of the leading online travel service companies in China and listed on NASDAQ, where he was responsible for the overall operation of eLong Inc.’s travel services. Mr. Zheng received a Bachelor of Business Administration majoring in accounting from City University of New York in 1994.

Mr. Ping Chen. Mr. Chen served as a director of the Company from 2003 to April 1, 2020 and our Chief Executive Officer from 2000 to April 1, 2020. From 1993 to 2000, Mr. Chen served as the CEO of Beijing Chengcheng Medical Electronic Equipment Co. Prior to 1993, Mr. Chen was an engineer at the No. 2 Academy, Ministry of Aeronautics and Astronautics from 1987 to 1991 and moved up to the Head of the Civilian Products Division there from 1991 to 1993. Mr. Chen founded BTL in 2001 and has served as CEO since that time. Mr. Chen received his bachelor’s degree in 1984 from the National University of Defense Technology and his master’s degree in 1987 from the Ministry of Aeronautics and Astronautics. After his resignation as a director and Chief Executive Officer of the Company on April 1, 2020, Mr. Chen continues to serve as the president and legal representative of Lianluo Connection and Beijing Dehaier. His service is essential to our business and operations.

Mr. Zhitao He. Immediately prior to the closing of the Offering, Mr. He will be appointed to be the chairman of the board and director of the post-closing issuer. Mr. He has served as the director of Newegg since March 2017 and the chairman of Newegg’s board of directors since March 2018. In addition, Mr. He was the former chairman of the Company’s board of directors from October 2016 to August 2020, and the Company’s former Chief Executive Officer since April 1, 2020 to August 2020. Mr. Zhitao He is also the Chairman of the Board of Lianluo Interactive, a China-listed company and a major shareholder of the Company. Mr. Zhitao He successfully led Lianluo Interactive to list on China’s A share market (ticker: 002280). Mr. Zhitao He was named one of the “10 Top Entrepreneurs of Post-1980s” by Hurun Report and “Top Ten Entrepreneurial Leader of Listed Companies” by Securities Times. In the past two years, under his leadership, Lianluo Interactive has moved into the field of smart hardware, including the purchase of Newegg (http://www.newegg.com), investments in American virtual reality (“VR”) device manufacturer Avegant (www.avegant.com) and hardware corporation Razer (http://www.razerzone.com), and promotion of the world’s biggest VR Operating System OSVR in China together with Razer. This investment plan has allowed Lianluo Interactive to become a closed loop of “Software and Hardware + Platform + Channels”. Mr. He currently serves on the board of directors of Lianluo Interactive, Newegg Inc., Avegant Light Field Technology, Beijing Digital Grid Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Ailianluo Investment Co., Ltd., Hangzhou Lianluo Holding CO., Ltd., Beijing Lianluo Youjia Technology Co., Ltd. and Shenyang Zhitongrong Networking Technology Co., Ltd. Mr. He received his master’s degree from Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications. Mr. He founded Lianluo Interactive in 2007 which was known as Beijing Digital Grid Technology Co.

Mr. Fred Faching Chang (or Mr. Fred Chang). Immediately prior to the closing of the Offering, Mr. Chang will be appointed to be a director of the post-closing issuer. Mr. Chang has been a member of Newegg’s board from September 2019 to present. He currently serves as the Vice Chairman of Newegg’s board of directors and the chairman of strategy committee. He was previously a director of Newegg from 2005 to August 2018, and was a member of Newegg’s board’s compensation committee from 2017 to August 2018. During the periods of 2005 to 2008, January 2013 to January 2015, and October 2019 to March 2020, Mr. Chang had also been Newegg’s Chief Executive Officer.

Mr. Gregory Moore. Immediately prior to the closing of the Offering, Mr. Moore will be appointed to be a director of the post-closing issuer. Mr. Moore has been a member of Newegg’s board of directors since 2011. He currently serves as the chair of Newegg’s audit and nominating & governance committees and as a member of its compensation committee. He previously served as chair of the compensation committee. Mr. Moore previously served as the Senior Vice President and Controller of Yum! Brands, Inc. until he retired in 2005. Yum! Brands is the world-wide parent company of Taco Bell, KFC and Pizza Hut. Prior to becoming Yum! Brands’ Controller, Mr. Moore was the Vice President and General Auditor of Yum! Brands. Before that, he was with PepsiCo, Inc. and held the position of Vice President, Controller of Taco Bell and Controller of PepsiCo Wines & Spirits International, a division of PepsiCola International. Before joining PepsiCo he was an Audit Manager at Arthur Young & Company in its New York, New York and Stamford, Connecticut offices. Mr. Moore also serves on the board of EF&TRH Restaurants (HK) Holding Limited, a Texas Roadhouse, Inc. joint-venture in China.

Mr. Paul Wu. Immediately prior to the closing of the Offering, Mr. Wu will be appointed to be a director of the post-closing issuer. Mr. Paul Wu joined Newegg’s board of directors in February 2020. He currently serves as the chair of Newegg’s compensation committee and as a member of its audit and nominating & governance committees. Mr. Wu is the founder and CEO of Carota, a supplier of connected car services. Mr. Wu is also the co-founder of the MOX mobile accelerator. He previously served as the CEO of Pocketnet Tech, a mobile content provider, and has also served in various roles with MediaTek, Hon Hai Foxconn Technology Group and Hong Kong Hutchison Wampoa’s TOM Group. Mr. Wu obtained his degree from the Department of Agricultural Economics at Taiwan University, and obtained an MBA from RSM Rotterdam Business School in the Netherlands.

Mr. Anthony Chow. Immediately prior to the closing of the Offering, Mr. Chow will be appointed to be a director of the post-closing issuer. His employment at the post-closing issuer as the Chief Executive Officer will be effective at the same time. Mr. Chow is the Global Chief Executive Officer of Newegg. He sets the company’s strategic direction and works closely with Newegg’s executives to ensure consistent execution across the organization. In addition to Mr. Chow’s role as Global CEO, he also serves on the company’s board of directors. Mr. Chow’s leadership has guided Newegg through some of the company’s most transformative years. He first served as Vice President of Newegg’s North American business from 2006 until 2008, before moving to Shanghai to oversee Newegg’s China operation, as well as OZZO Logistics, a Newegg subsidiary providing third-party logistics (3PL) support for other e-commerce companies based in China. In 2011, Mr. Chow left Newegg to become CEO of OTTO Group China, the Chinese subsidiary of Germany’s largest online retailer of fashion and lifestyle products. In this role, he helped the company extend its reach beyond Europe and into key parts of Asia. Then in 2015, he was appointed Vice President of Haier China, a global home appliance and consumer electronics manufacturer based in Qingdao, China. Upon rejoining Newegg in 2019, Mr. Chow made sweeping changes to position the company for continued success in the rapidly expanding e-commerce space. Consequently, Newegg remains one of the leading tech e-commerce companies with strong market share in consumer sales, and a growing portfolio of services for the company’s vendor partners, marketplace sellers and 3PL clients. Mr. Chow holds a Bachelor’s degree in Electrical & Electronics Engineering from the University of Toledo, and a Master of Business Administration from the UCLA Anderson School of Management.

Mr. Robert Chang. Immediately prior to the closing of the Offering, Mr. Chang will be employed to serve as the Chief Financial Officer of the post-closing issuer. Mr. Chang is the Chief Financial Officer of Newegg. In this role, he is responsible for overseeing all aspects of the company’s financial performance, including forecasting, evaluation and reporting. Mr. Chang has served the company in various finance-related roles for more than two decades, first joining the company in 1999 and later being appointed to the CFO role in 2015. Prior to Newegg, Mr. Chang spent five years as an Operational Analyst at Taiwan YFY Paper Manufacturers. Mr. Chang holds a Bachelor’s degree in Economics from Soochow University, and a Master’s degree in Finance from University of La Verne.

Mr. Jamie Spannos. Immediately prior to the closing of the Offering, Mr. Spannos will be employed to serve as the Chief Operating Officer of the post-closing issuer. Mr. Spannos is the Global Chief Operating Officer of Newegg. In this role, he is responsible for the strategic direction and operational development of Newegg’s supply chain operations, managing end-to-end operations for the company’s 32M+ SKUs in more than 1,665 product categories sold into 20 countries across the globe. Mr. Spannos also oversees Newegg Logistics, a separate Newegg business unit that provides third-party logistics (3PL) services to other e-commerce companies. Prior to joining Newegg in 2018, Mr. Spannos was Senior Vice President of North America Fulfillment and Logistics at FTD.com, where he oversaw all FTD.com and sub-brand operations across 103 drop-ship and internal distribution centers. Before his time at FTD.com, Mr. Spannos spent five years heading up distribution for Kraft Heinz Company, managing the company’s robust network of 26,500 3PL and Kraft Heinz employees across 128 distribution locations. In that role, he also played an instrumental part in providing strategic and executional direction in optimizing the company’s warehousing infrastructure, in turn unifying several distribution partnership models related to a multitude of company mergers and divestitures. And before Kraft Heinz, he served as GM/VP/Managing Director of Home Depot’s Import and Domestic Distribution Field Operations, helping to build the foundation of Home Depot’s supply chain during his 12-year tenure with the company. He holds the distinction of being the youngest at Home Depot to ascend to the GM role at the time. His experience of more than 20 years across a broad range of business functions uniquely qualifies Mr. Spannos to continue and expand Newegg’s operational excellence, positively impacting Newegg’s customers and the many businesses that rely on Newegg’s 3PL support.

Mr. Montaque Hou. Immediately prior to the closing of the Offering, Mr. Hou will be employed to serve as the Chief Technical Officer of the post-closing issuer. Mr. Hou serves as the Chief Technical Officer of Newegg since 2016. In this role, he is responsible for all technical aspects of the Newegg shopping experience, including the website, mobile app and other touchpoints including SMS and email interaction. Mr. Hou’s global technology team of more than 500 engineers designs, develops and deploys the technology that underpins site design, customer service, Newegg’s marketplace, resource planning, logistics and inventory management of more than 100M unique SKUs. The technical development under Mr. Hou’s direction infuses the latest data science, machine learning and artificial intelligence to enhance the shopping experience with search personalization and product recommendations, as well as safeguards that deter fraudulent activity and eliminate counterfeit product listings on Newegg’s marketplace. Under Mr. Hou’s stewardship, Newegg built and maintains its reputation of pioneering new e-commerce user experiences through customer-driven innovations, personalizing the shopping experience to deliver an intuitive, rewarding shopping experience. Newegg recently became the first major e-commerce company to offer a native Dark Mode, further cementing the company’s position as a leading e-commerce innovator. Prior to Mr. Hou’s tenure as CTO, he held various technical positions at Newegg, including Solutions Architect, Director of Technology Strategy and Chief Architecture Engineer. Mr. Hou holds a Master of Science in analytical chemistry from Tongji University in Shanghai.

Mr. Matt Strathman. Immediately prior to the closing of the Offering, Mr. Strathman will be employed to serve as the General Counsel of the post-closing issuer. Mr. Strathman is the General Counsel of Newegg. In this role, he is responsible for overseeing all aspects of the company’s legal matters, including compliance and litigation. Mr. Strathman has served the company in various legal roles for more than ten years, first joining the company in 2008. Prior to Newegg, Mr. Strathman worked as Sr. Counsel for Empire Companies, and prior to that worked as a business attorney in private practice. Mr. Strathman holds bachelor’s degrees in Economics and History from the University of California, Riverside, and a Juris Doctor from Loyola Law School.

Our board of directors currently consists of 5 directors, and will consist of 7 directors upon the closing of this Offering.

A director may vote in respect of any contract or transaction in which he is interested, provided, however that the nature of the interest of any director in any such contract or transaction shall be disclosed by him at or prior to its consideration and any vote on that matter. A general notice or disclosure to the directors or otherwise contained in the minutes of a meeting or a written resolution of the directors or any committee thereof of the nature of a director’s interest shall be sufficient disclosure and after such general notice it shall not be necessary to give special notice relating to any particular transaction. A director may be counted for a quorum upon a motion in respect of any contract or arrangement which he shall make with our company, or in which he is so interested and may vote on such motion. There are no membership qualifications for directors. Further, there are no share ownership qualifications for directors unless so fixed by us in a general meeting.

The Listing Rules of NASDAQ generally require that a majority of an issuer’s board of directors must consist of independent directors. However, the Listing Rules of NASDAQ permit foreign private issuers like us to follow “home country practice” in certain corporate governance matters. We rely on this “home country practice” exception and do not have a majority of independent directors serving on our board of directors. Mr. Gregory Moor, Mr. Paul Wu, and [●] will be the independent directors of post-closing issuer.

We do not have a lead independent director because we believe our independent directors are encouraged to freely voice their opinions on a relatively small company board. We believe this leadership structure is appropriate because we are a smaller reporting company.

Pursuant to the Fifth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association, subject to compliance with applicable laws and NASDAQ rules, provides that Digital Grid and Mr. Fred Faching Chang, acting as the “Minority Representative”, shall be entitled to designate nominees to our board of directors in a number that is proportionate to the voting power of Digital Grid and its affiliate, and Legacy Shareholders in the post-closing issuer, respectively.

Digital Grid has nominated Mr. Zhitao He, Ms. Yingmei Yang, and Mr. Paul Wu, and Mr. Fred Chang has nominated Mr. Fred Faching Chang, Mr. Greg Moore and Mr. Anthony Chow to serve as the directors of the post-closing issuer. Digital Grid is currently looking for a candidate to nominate as an independent director.

Under British Virgin Islands law, our directors have duties to act honestly, in good faith and with a view to our best interests. Our directors also have a duty to exercise the care, diligence and skills that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. In fulfilling their duty of care to us, our directors must ensure compliance with our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association. We have the right to seek damages if a duty owed by our directors is breached. The functions and powers of our board of directors include, among others:

Under our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, we may indemnify our directors, officers and liquidators against all expenses, including legal fees, and against all judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and reasonably incurred in connection with civil, criminal, administrative or investigative proceedings to which they are party or are threatened to be made a party by reason of their acting as our director, officer or liquidator. To be entitled to indemnification, these persons must have acted honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interest of the company and, in the case of criminal proceedings, they must have had no reasonable cause to believe their conduct was unlawful.

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted for our directors or officers under the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable as a matter of United States law.

On August 6, 2020, Hangzhou Lianluo and Mr. Zhitao He received an investigation notice from China Securities Regulatory Commission (“CSRC”) for alleged violation of laws and regulations regarding information disclosures of Hangzhou Lianluo. Hangzhou Lianluo is a PRC company with shares listed on Shenzhen Stock Exchange. Mr. He is the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Hangzhou Lianluo. Hangzhou Lianluo is also the largest shareholder of the Company and Mr. He was the former Chairman and the former Chief Executive Officer of the Company.

Hangzhou Lianluo has announced this investigation on August 7, 2020 and stated that it will fully cooperate with CSRC in the investigation.

On September 28, 2020, Hangzhou Lianluo announced that it has received a letter of advance notice of administrative punishment from Zhejiang Regulatory Bureau of CSRC, which provides, among others, that (i) Hangzhou Lianluo is receiving a warning and required to correct its unlawful acts and pay a fine of RMB 300,000, and (ii) Mr. Zhitao He is receiving a warning and required to pay a fine of RMB 400,000.

To the best of our knowledge, except as disclosed herein, none of our directors or executive officers has been convicted in a criminal proceeding, excluding traffic violations or similar misdemeanors, or has been a party to any judicial or administrative proceeding during the past ten years that resulted in a judgment, decree or final order enjoining the person from future violations of, or prohibiting activities subject to, federal or state securities laws, or a finding of any violation of federal or state securities or commodities laws, any laws respecting financial institutions or insurance companies, any law or regulation prohibiting mail or wire fraud in connection with any business entity or been subject to any disciplinary sanctions or orders imposed by a stock, commodities or derivatives exchange or other self-regulatory organization, except for matters that were dismissed without sanction or settlement.

There are no other arrangements or understandings pursuant to which our directors are selected or nominated.

There are no family relationships among any of the persons named above, and there are no arrangements or understandings with major shareholders, customers, suppliers or others, pursuant to which any such person was selected as a director or member of senior management.

Each of our directors holds office until a successor has been duly elected and qualified unless the director was appointed by the board of directors, in which case such director holds office until the next following annual meeting of shareholders at which time such director is eligible for re-election. All of our executive officers are appointed by and serve at the discretion of our board of directors.

There is currently no shareholding qualification for directors, although a shareholding qualification for directors may be fixed by our shareholders by ordinary resolution.

Currently, three committees have been established under the board: the audit committee, the compensation committee and the nominating committee. Our nominating committee consists of Bin Pan, Richard Zhiqiang Chang and Fuya Zheng. Bin Pan is the chairman of our nominating committee. The nominating committee is responsible for the assessment of the performance of the board, considering and making recommendations to the board with respect to the nominations or elections of directors and other governance issues. The nominating committee considers diversity of opinion and experience when nominating directors. Each committee’s members and functions are described below.

Our audit committee currently consist of Fuya Zheng, Richard Zhiqiang Chang and Bin Pan. Fuya Zheng is the chairman of our audit committee. Upon the closing of this Offering, Mr. Gregory Moore, Mr. Paul Wu, and [●] will become the members of our audit committee. Mr. Moore will be the chairman of our audit committee. We have determined that Mr. Moore, Mr. Wu, and [●] satisfy the “independence” requirements of Section 5605(a)(2) of the NASDAQ Listing Rules and Rule 10A-3 under the Securities Exchange Act. Our board also has determined that Mr. Moore qualifies as an audit committee financial expert within the meaning of the SEC rules or possesses financial sophistication within the meaning of the NASDAQ Listing Rules. The audit committee oversees our accounting and financial reporting processes and the audits of the financial statements of our company. The audit committee is responsible for, among other things:

Our compensation committee currently consists of Mr. Richard Zhiqiang Chang, Mr. Fuya Zheng and Mr. Bin Pan. Mr. Richard Zhiqiang Chang is the chairman of the compensation committee. Upon the closing of this Offering, Mr. Gregory Moore, Mr. Paul Wu, and [●] will become the members of our compensation committee. Mr. Wu will be the chairman of our compensation committee. The compensation committee assists the board in reviewing and approving the compensation structure, including all forms of compensation, relating to our directors and executive officers. Our chief executive officer may not be present at any committee meeting during which his compensation is deliberated. The compensation committee is responsible for, among other things:

Our nominating and corporate governance committee currently consists of Mr. Bin Pan, Mr. Richard Zhiqiang Chang and Mr. Fuya Zheng. Mr. Bin Pan is the chairman of our nominating committee. Upon the closing of this Offering, Mr. Gregory Moore, Mr. Paul Wu, and [●] will become the members of our nominating and corporate governance committee. [●] will be the chairperson of our nominating and corporate governance committee. The nominating and corporate governance committee assists the board of directors in selecting individuals qualified to become our directors and in determining the composition of the board and its committees. The nominating and corporate governance committee is responsible for, among other things:

Our code of conduct and business ethics conforms to the rules and regulations of NASDAQ. The code of conduct and business ethics applies to all of our directors, officers and employees, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer, and addresses, among other things, honesty and ethical conduct, conflicts of interest, compliance with laws, regulations and policies, including disclosure requirements under the federal securities laws, confidentiality, trading on inside information, and reporting of violations of the code. A copy of conduct and business ethics has been filed as an exhibit to our Registration Statement on Form S-1, File no. 333-163041, filed on November 12, 2009, as amended. The Company will provide any person a copy of its code of ethics, without charge, upon request. Such request should be addressed to the Company at Room 611, 6th Floor, BeiKong Technology Building, No. 10 Baifuquan Road, Changping District, Beijing 102200, People’s Republic of China.

In 2019, we paid an aggregate of $27,765 in cash compensation to our directors and senior management as a group. We do not separately set aside any amounts for pensions, retirement or other benefits for our executive officers, other than pursuant to relevant statutory requirements. Employee directors do not receive any compensation for their services as directors. Non-employee directors are entitled to receive payment for serving as directors and may receive option grants from our company. As of the date of the prospectus, we have not paid the $20,000 cash compensation to our non-employee directors that has accrued for fiscal 2019, which is comprised of $4,000 due to Mr. Xiaogang Tong, $8,000 due to Mr. Richard Zhiqiang Chang and $8,000 due to Mr. Bin Pan. Mr. Xiaogang Tong served as an independent director and chair of the audit committee of the Board of the Company for the fiscal year 2019 and resigned on April 24, 2020.

Under our employee stock option plans, our stock options generally expire after ten years from the date of grant.

In 2009, in connection with our initial public offering, we established a pool for share options for our employees (the “2009 Share Incentive Plan”). This pool contains options to purchase up to 450,000 of our common shares. The options will vest at a rate of 20% per year for five years and have an exercise price of the market price of our shares on the date the options are granted. We issued all 450,000 options pursuant to our 2009 Share Incentive Plan on December 29, 2011 at an exercise price of $1.45 per share, which vest over five years until December 28, 2016 and will expire on December 29, 2021. As of October 7, 2013, 1,000 options issued under this plan had been exercised for common shares, and the Board of the Company decided to grant Mr. Ping Chen 94,000 options recovered from former employees who received options under this plan and thereafter left the Company. These 94,000 options were awarded to Mr. Chen on October 7, 2013, at an exercise price of $2.30 per share, which vest over five years until October 6, 2018 and will expire on October 7, 2023. As of the date of this prospectus, there are an aggregate of 199,000 options issued and outstanding under this 2009 Share Incentive Plan.

In 2013, we established our 2013 Share Incentive Plan. This pool allows us to issue options, common shares and other securities exercisable or convertible into, in the aggregate, 462,000 of our common shares. We issued 131,000 options pursuant to our 2013 Share Incentive Plan on August 20, 2014 at an exercise price of $5.31 per share which vest over five years until August 19, 2019. As of the date of this prospectus, there are 131,000 options issued and outstanding under this plan which will expire on August 20, 2024.

On July 28, 2014, the shareholders of the Company approved the “2014 Share Incentive Plan” which provides that the maximum number of shares authorized for issuance under this plan shall not exceed ten percent of the number of issued and outstanding shares of company stock as of December 31 of the immediately preceding fiscal year, and an additional number of shares may be added automatically annually to the shares issuable under the Plan on and after January 1 of each year, from January 1, 2015 through January 1, 2024. The “2014 Share Incentive Plan” shall terminate on the tenth anniversary of its effective date of July 28, 2014.

Accordingly, our share incentive plan for fiscal 2014 allows us to issue options, common shares and other securities exercisable or convertible into, in the aggregate, 466,800 of our common shares. We issued 349,000 options under this share option pool on August 7, 2015, at an exercise price of $1.64 per share, which vest over two years until August 6, 2017. As of the date of this prospectus, there are 119,000 options issued and outstanding under this plan which will expire on August 7, 2025.

In 2015, our 2014 Share Incentive Plan (2015 Tranche) allows us to issue options, common shares and other securities exercisable or convertible into, in the aggregate, 580,867 of our common shares. We issued 580,867 options pursuant to our 2015 Tranche on March 21, 2016 at an exercise price of $1.88 per share which vest over two years until March 20, 2018. As of the date of this prospectus, there are 345,867 options issued and outstanding under this plan which will expire on March 21, 2026.

On June 8, 2017, we held the Annual General Meeting to approve the Company’s amended and restated Memorandum and Articles of Association in order that the Company’s authorized share capital be re-classified and re-designated into 50,000,000 common shares of par value of $0.002731 each, of which 37,888,889 would be designated as Class A Common Shares of par value of $0.002731 each, and 12,111,111 be designated as Class B Common Shares of par value of $0.002731 each. After this recapitalization event, shares issuable under the “2014 Share Incentive Plan,” either directly or upon exercise of options issued under this Plan, are limited to Class A Common Shares.

On January 12, 2018, the Company registered on Form S-8 1,150,391 shares representing Class A Common Shares (prior to the one-for-eight reverse stock split) issuable pursuant to the 2014 Share Incentive Plan (2018 Tranche), either directly or upon exercise of options issued under the 2018 Tranche. We did not issue options under this Tranche.

Upon closing of the Restructure and this Offering, the post-closing issuer will assume the Newegg 2005 Incentive Award Plan (prior to the closing, the incentive award plan of Newegg is referred to as “Newegg 2005 Incentive Award Plan”; the post-closing incentive award plan is referred to as “Incentive Award Plan”). The outstanding options under the Newegg 2005 Incentive Award Plan granted by Newegg will be exchanged for options to acquire a certain number of Common Shares under the Incentive Award Plan upon completion of the Merger, based on the LLIT Conversion Ratio and subject to adjustment for the Share Combination.

On September 22, 2005, the Newegg 2005 Incentive Award Plan was approved and was later amended in January 2008, October 2009, December 2011 and September 2015. Under the Newegg 2005 Incentive Award Plan, Newegg may grant equity incentive awards to employees, directors, and consultants based on Newegg’s Class A Common Stock. A committee of Newegg’s Board of Directors determines the eligibility, types of equity awards, vesting schedules, and exercise prices for equity awards granted. Subject to certain adjustments in the event of a change in capitalization or similar transaction, Newegg may issue a maximum of 14,200,000 shares of its Class A Common Stock under the Newegg 2005 Incentive Award Plan. Newegg issues new shares of Class A Common Stock from its authorized share pool to settle stock-based compensation awards. The exercise price of options granted under the plan shall not be less than the fair value of Newegg’s Class A Common Stock as of the date of grant. Options typically vest over a term of four years, and are typically exercisable for a period of 10 years after the date of grant, except when granted to a holder who, at the time the option is granted, owns stock representing more than 10% of the voting power of all classes of stock of Newegg or any subsidiaries, in which case, the term of the option shall be no more than five years from the date of grant. In September 2015, the Newegg 2005 Incentive Award Plan was amended to permit additional awards to be made after the tenth anniversary of the original adoption of said plan.

In 2016, Fred Chang established the Newegg Significant Shareholder Incentive Plan, pursuant to which he caused to be transferred a total of 5,198,458 shares of Newegg’s Series A Preferred Stock from Tekhill USA LLC, a limited liability company fully owned by Fred Chang, into the Fred Chang Partners Trust (the “Trust”). In March and May 2016, the Trust entered into restricted share award agreements (the “Award Agreements”) with several key executives of Newegg, under which the Trust granted a total of 5,090,157 restricted shares of Newegg’s Series A Preferred Stock to those executives to be vested over a 15-year period in equal annual installments on each anniversary date of the grant date. As of December 31, 2016, the Award Agreements were terminated with a concurrent offer from the significant shareholder to re-establish the Significant Shareholder Incentive Program. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the re-established incentive program (the “Re-established Significant Shareholder Incentive Program”) granted a total of 3,898,843 restricted shares of Newegg’s Series A Preferred Stock to a subset of the same recipients with substantially the same terms as those under the Significant Shareholder Incentive Program. The Re-established Significant Shareholder Incentive Program subsequently modified the vesting period from 15 years to 10 years during the year ended December 31, 2017, which did not have a significant impact on the consolidated financial statements.

As of the date of this prospectus, the restricted stock awards granted under the Newegg Significant Shareholder Incentive Plan were all vested. The unvested amount of such restricted stock awards had been forfeited according to certain amendment to the restricted stock award agreement by and between the Trust and recipient on March 31, 2020.

We have entered into standard three-year employment contracts, or where required by law, open-term employment contracts, with all of our officers and managers and other key personnel, and three-year employment contracts, or where required by law, open-term employment contracts with our other employees. These contracts prohibit our employees from engaging in any conduct or activity that would be competitive with our business during the term of their employment. Loss of any of our key personnel could severely disrupt our business. We may not be able to find suitable or qualified replacements and will likely incur additional expenses in order to recruit and train any new personnel.

Upon closing of the Offering, we will enter into employment agreements with our named executive officers. Pursuant to employment agreements, the form of which is filed as Exhibit 10.5 to this registration statement, the employment with each of our named executive officers is for no fixed term and is “at will”, which can be terminated by us or each named executive officer at any time and for any reason, with or without notice, with or without cause. Each named executive officer shall only use or disclose any confidential information for the benefit of us, and as is necessary to carry out his or her responsibilities for us. Following the end of the employment, each named executive officer shall return all confidential information and neither directly or indirectly, use or disclose any such confidential information, except as expressly and specifically authorized in writing by us, and will hold, in strict confidence and not to use or disclose to any person, corporation or other entity without written consent, any confidential information.

The following table sets forth information with respect to the beneficial ownership, within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act, of our Common Shares as of the date of this prospectus, and as adjusted to reflect the sale of the Common Shares offered in this Offering for

Beneficial ownership includes voting or investment power with respect to the securities. Except as indicated below, and subject to applicable community property laws, the persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all Common Shares shown as beneficially owned by them. In computing the number of Common Shares beneficially owned by a person listed below and the percentage ownership of such person, Common Shares underlying options, warrants or convertible securities held by each such person that are exercisable or convertible within 60 days of the date of this prospectus are deemed outstanding, but are not deemed outstanding for computing the percentage ownership of any other person. Except as otherwise indicated in the footnotes to this table, or as required by applicable community property laws, all persons listed have sole voting and investment power for all Common Shares shown as beneficially owned by them.

Percentage of beneficial ownership of each listed person prior to this Offering is based on 2,210,683 Class A Common Shares and 1,388,888 Class B Common Shares issued and as of the date of this prospectus.

Immediately prior to completion of this offering, all outstanding Class B Common Shares and all holders of derivative securities exercisable or convertible into Class B Common Shares shall receive certain number of Common Shares pursuant to the Fifth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association, while our dual class restructure will be eliminated. Therefore, percentage of beneficial ownership of each listed person after this Offering includes Common Shares outstanding immediately after the completion of this Offering. Immediately prior to completion of this offering, based on the Fifth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association, our authorized share capital will be unlimited Common Shares with a par value of $[ ] each. The number and percentage of Class Shares beneficially owned before the offering are based on 2,210,683 Class A Common Shares and 1,388,888 Class B Common Shares issued and outstanding as of the date of this prospectus. Information with respect to beneficial ownership has been furnished by each director and officer nominee or beneficial owner of more than 5% of our Common Shares upon completion of this Offering.

If the number of Common Shares or other Equity Interests (as defined in the Fifth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association) of the post-closing issuer held by the Legacy Shareholders represents (i) more than two sevenths (2/7) of the total voting power of all outstanding Shares or other Equity Interests of the post-closing issuer, then the Minority Representative shall be entitled to appoint and replace three directors, (ii) less than or equal to two sevenths (2/7) and more than one seventh (1/7) of the total voting power of all outstanding Common Shares or Equity Interests of the post-closing issuer, then the Minority Representative shall be entitled to appoint and replace two directors, and (iii) less than or equal to one seventh (1/7) and more than five percent (5%) of the total voting power of all outstanding Common Shares or other Equity Interests of the post-closing issuer, then the Minority Representative shall be entitled to appoint and replace one director; and (iv) less than or equal to five percent (5%) of the total voting power of all outstanding Common Shares or other Equity Interests of the post-closing issuer, then the Minority Representative shall no longer be entitled to appoint any directors under the Article 8.1(i) of the Fifth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association.

If the number of Common Shares or other Equity Interests held by Digital Grid or its affiliates represents (i) (i) more than fifty percent (50%) of total voting power of all outstanding Common Shares or other Equity Interests of the post-closing issuer, then Digital Grid shall be entitled to appoint and remove four directors, (ii) less than or equal to fifty percent (50%) and more than two sevenths (2/7) the total voting power of all outstanding Common Shares or other Equity Interests of the post-closing issuer, then Digital Grid shall be entitled to appoint and remove three directors, (iii) less than or equal to two sevenths (2/7) and more than one seventh (1/7) of the total voting power of all outstanding Common Shares or other Equity Interests of the post-closing issuer, then Digital Grid shall be entitled to appoint and replace two directors, (iv) less than or equal to one seventh (1/7) and more than five percent (5%) of the total voting power of all outstanding Common Shares or other Equity Interests of the post-closing issuer, then Digital Grid shall be entitled to appoint and replace one director, and (v) less than or equal to five percent (5%) of the total voting power of all outstanding Common Shares or other Equity Interests of the Company, then Digital Grid shall no longer be entitled to appoint any directors under the Article 8.1(i) of the Fifth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association.

A director or member of a committee of the Board or the board of a subsidiary may be removed from his or her position, with cause, by the majority of the shareholders or the majority of the Board; provided that

(i) Any director or member of a committee of the Board or the board of a subsidiary that is appointed or nominated by the Minority Representative shall be removed from their position upon and only upon, the written request of the Minority Representative; and

(ii) Any director or member of a committee of the Board or the board of a subsidiary that is appointed or nominated by Digital Grid shall be removed from their position upon and only upon, the written request of Liaison.

(i) initiate any liquidation, dissolution, bankruptcy filing or similar action, recapitalization, restructuring or reorganization of the Company or any of its subsidiaries;

(ii) other than to the post-closing entity or a wholly-owned subsidiary thereof, sell, license, transfer or otherwise dispose of (including through merger or consolidation) all or substantially all of the assets or properties of the post-closing entity or any of its subsidiaries in any transaction or series of related transactions;

(iii) agree to any merger, consolidation or combination of the post-closing entity or any of its subsidiaries, or to a sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the post-closing entity in connection with a Company Sale (as defined in the Fifth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association);

(iv) commence or undertake any Reorganization (as defined in the Fifth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association);

(v) issue, directly or indirectly, any equity interest of the post-closing entity or permit any of the subsidiaries to issue any equity interest other than, in each case, any Excluded Issuance (as defined in the Fifth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association);

(vi) materially alter or fundamentally change the nature of the business of the post-closing entity and its Subsidiaries;

(vii) amend, change, or waive any provision of, the memorandum and articles of association of the post-closing entity;

(viii) purchase or otherwise acquire all or any part of the assets or business of, or equity interests or other evidences of beneficial ownership of, invest in or participate in any joint venture, partnership or similar arrangement with, any Person (other than the post-closing entity or any of its subsidiaries), in each case in any transaction or series of related transactions involving a commitment in excess of $10,000,000;

(ix) other than to the post-closing entity or a wholly-owned subsidiary thereof, sell, license, transfer or otherwise dispose of (including through merger or consolidation) any assets or properties of the post-closing entity or any of its subsidiaries, in each case in any transaction or series of related transactions involving a commitment in excess of $10,000,000;

(x) other than loans to wholly-owned subsidiaries, (A) extend any credit or make any loans to any Person, (B) incur, assume, guarantee, endorse or otherwise become responsible for indebtedness, or (C) amend, modify or supplement in any material respect the agreements governing (or otherwise extend or refinance) existing indebtedness;

(xii) enter into any Affiliate Transactions (as defined in the Fifth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association);

(xiii) amend, change or waive any of the actions of the post-closing entity described in the Fifth Amended and Restated Articles of Association or the required voting threshold specified herein; and

(xiv) agree or commit to do any of the foregoing, or delegate any of the foregoing to the post-closing entity or any of its subsidiaries or any officer or agent of the post-closing entity or subsidiary thereof.

The rights granted to the Principal Shareholders are additive to and not intended to limit in any way the rights that the Principal Shareholders or any of their affiliates may have to appoint, elect or remove our directors under our memorandum and articles of association or laws of the British Virgin Islands.

Under the Amended Shareholders Agreement, the Principal Shareholders have pre-emptive rights to acquire additional shares when the post-closing issuer issue or sell additional securities in the future, except for the “excluded issuance” as defined in the Amended Shareholders Agreement or Common Shares offered pursuant to a registration statement filed with the SEC.

For the purpose of the Amended Shareholders Agreement, the “excluded issuance” means any equity interests issued as share dividends, or pursuant to share splits, recapitalization or other similar events that do not adversely affect the proportionate amount of the Common Shares held by the Principal Shareholders, and (ii) Common Shares issuable pursuant to any stock option or any similar equity incentive plan of the post-closing issuer approved by the Board; and (iii) equity interests issued pursuant to acquisitions or strategic transactions approved by a majority of the disinterested directors of the post-closing issuer provided that any such issuance shall only be to an entity (or to the equity holders of an entity) which is, itself or through its subsidiaries, an operating company or an owner of an asset in a business synergistic with the business of the post-closing issuer and shall provide to the post-closing issuer additional benefits in addition to the investment of funds, but shall not include a transaction in which the post-closing issuer is issuing equity interests primarily for the purpose of raising capital or to an entity whose primary business is investing in securities.

The post-closing issuer is required to give Principal Shareholders a notice stating the price range (or formula by which the price will be determined, which may refer to a future contingent event) and terms of issuance of new securities and to remain the offer to issue the Principal Shareholders their Pro Rata Shares of such new securities (as defined below) open until the 15^th calendar day following the receipt of such notice. The Principal Shareholders shall deliver an exercise notice along with payment to exercise their pre-emptive rights.

In the event that the Principal Shareholder fails to give an exercise notice timely, or elects to purchase fewer than all of its Pro Rata Share of such new securities, then the post-closing issuer shall sent written notice to any Principal Shareholder who has elected to purchase all of its Pro Rata Share of such new securities, who will then have the right, by giving written notice to the post-closing issuer within two business days upon receiving notice from the post-closing issuer, to purchase its Pro Rata Share of such unsubscribed portion, and such right shall continue to apply repeatedly and iteratively until all of such new securities have been allocated to the Principal Shareholders or none of the Principal Shareholders have elected to participate in such further purchase. If, at the end of such process, there are new securities that have not been subscribed for by the Principal Shareholders, the post-closing issuer may, for a period of time not to exceed 60 days, sell such unsubscribed new securities, on the same times to a third party purchaser. If, however, at the end of such 60-day period, the post-closing issuer has not consummated a sale of any of such unsubscribed new securities, the post-closing issuer shall no longer be permitted to sell such new securities without again complying with these provisions of pre-emptive rights in the Amended Shareholders Agreement

Right of First Refusal of the Post-Closing Issuer and Principal Shareholders

Pursuant to the Amended Shareholders Agreement, subject to compliance with applicable laws and NASDAQ’s rules, if any Principal Shareholders, receives a bona fide offer from any person other than its affiliate for any of the Common Shares such Principal Shareholders received in connection with the Merger (the “ROFR Shares”), then the post-closing issuer has a right of first refusal, but not the obligation, to elect to purchase all (and not less than all) of the ROFR Shares, at the same price, and on the same terms and conditions offered by the purchaser (the “ROFR Terms”). In the event the post-closing issuer does not decide to purchase such ROFR Shares or decides to purchase for less than all of the ROFR Shares, then each of the Principal Stockholders other than the selling Principal Shareholders shall have a right of first refusal to elect to purchase all (and not less than all) of its Pro Rata Share of the ROFR Shares on the ROFR Terms. For the purpose of this Amended Shareholders Agreement, “Pro Rata Share” means the percentage which corresponds to the ratio which each selling Principal Stockholder’s “Percentage Interest” (which is calculated by dividing (i) the number of the Common Shares owned by such Principal Stockholder, by (ii) total number of the then outstanding shares of the Common Shares held by all Principal Stockholders) bears to the total Percentage Interests of all Principal Stockholders exercising their right of first refusal. In the event that the ROFR Shares are in exchange for non-cash consideration, then such right of first refusal shall be exercisable based on the fair market value determined in good faith by the board of such non-cash consideration. Such right of first refusal may delay or prevent us from raising funding in the future and may have an adverse impact on the liquidity and market price of our Common Shares.

The following discussion is a brief summary of certain material arrangements, agreements and transactions LLIT have had with related parties since January 1, 2017, other than the compensation arrangements we describe in “Compensation of Executive Officers and Directors.” We believe the terms obtained or consideration that we paid or received, as applicable, in connection with the transactions described below were comparable to terms available or the amounts that would be paid or received, as applicable, in arm’s-length transactions.

As of December 31, 2019, the loan balance consists of the following from Hangzhou Lianluo:

During the fiscal year 2019, the Company borrowed $942,500 from Hangzhou Lianluo and repaid $0; the loans are non-interest bearing. As of June 30, 2020, the loan balances were $918,450. The loans due at July 18, July 21, and August 6, 2020, totaling $211,950, were extended, interest-free and without specific repayment date, which is based upon both parties’ agreement.

As of December 31, 2018, the loan balance was zero. During 2018, the Company borrowed $3,682,592 carrying an annual interest rate of 5%-8% and was fully settled through a debt offset agreement among the Company, Hangzhou Lianluo and DGHKT. Regarding the Debt offset agreement, refer to below iv) Borrowings to DGHKT.

As of December 31, 2019, the loan balance consists of the following from DGHKT, an affiliate of Hangzhou Lianluo:

During 2019, DGHKT borrowed from the Company loans of principal amounts of $85,000 for a term of 12 months and the Company borrowed $118,000 from DGHKT for a term of 12 months. As of June 30, 2020, the loan balance between DGHKT and the Company was a net principal of $33,000 owed to DGHKT. On July 14, 2020, the Company repaid the net principal of $33,000 to DGHKT.

During 2019, the Company borrowed funds from Mr. Ping Chen, its previous CEO, free of interest to fund its operation. During 2019, the borrowings amounted to $387,182, and Mr. Ping Chen forgave $143,301 of the borrowings. The balance was $243,881 as of December 31, 2019. During the six months of 2020, the Company borrowed $842,609 from Mr. Ping Chen, free of interest to fund its operation. The balance was $1,077,753 as of June 30, 2020.

On March 15, 2018, the Company entered into a $6 million loan agreement with DGHKT (an affiliate of Hangzhou Lianluo) for a term of 12 months. As of December 27, 2018, the Company owed RMB34.34 million in loan principal and RMB1.23 million in accrued interest to Hangzhou Lianluo, its principal shareholder.

Pursuant to an agreement dated December 27, 2018, the Company, DGHKT and Hangzhou Lianluo agreed that the outstanding amount owed by DGHKT to us of RMB35.6 million be repaid by Hangzhou Lianluo on behalf of DGHKT, to the Company. This repayment is agreed to be settled in the form of offset against the amount owed by the Company to Hangzhou Lianluo of RMB35.6 million (approximately $5.2 million) as of December 27, 2018. As a result, the Company no longer owed or was owed by Hangzhou Lianluo or DGHKT any amount as of December 31, 2018.

The following discussion is a brief summary of certain material arrangements, agreements and transactions Newegg have had with related parties since January 1, 2017, other than the compensation arrangements we describe in “Compensation of Executive Officers and Directors.”

On April 17, 2018, Newegg acquired an equity interest in Mountain Capital Fund L.P. from Pegasus. The sole owner of Pegasus is the spouse of a member of the Newegg’s Board of Directors.

On April 13, 2017, Newegg loaned $12.0 million to Digital Grid under a term loan agreement with a maturity date of April 18, 2017 and an interest rate equal to the Prime Rate, as defined in the loan agreement (the “$12.0 Million Loan”). The $12.0 Million Loan was collateralized by a security interest in 2,000,000 Series AA convertible Preferred Stock of Newegg held by Digital Grid.

On June 16, 2017, Newegg loaned $50.0 million to Digital Grid under a term loan agreement with a maturity date of June 15, 2018 and an interest rate of 4% per annum (the “$50.0 Million Loan”). The $50.0 Million Loan was collateralized by a security interest in 43,167 Series C Shares of Razer Inc., a company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands (“Razer”), held by Digital Grid.

On March 20, 2018, Newegg loaned $20.0 million to Digital Grid under a term loan agreement with a maturity date of June 15, 2018 and an interest rate equal to 4% per annum (the “$20.0 Million Loan”). The $20.0 Million Loan was collateralized by a security interest in 362,732,301 Ordinary Shares of Razer held by Digital Grid.

On May 11, 2018, Newegg and Digital Grid entered into an amended and restated loan agreement which combined all of the remaining unpaid principal and interest on the $50.0 Million Loan and the $20.0 Million Loan into an amended and restated secured promissory note of approximately $23.3M (the “$23.3 Million Loan”). The $23.3 Million Loan replaces, amends, and restates in their respective entirety the $50.0 Million Loan and the $20.0 Million Loan. The $23.3 Million Loan had a maturity date of June 15, 2018 and carried an interest rate equal to 4% per annum. This loan was collateralized by a security interest in certain convertible bonds of China Digital Culture (Group) Limited, a company incorporated in the Cayman Islands, in the amount of HK$412,500,000 held by Digital Grid.

On June 15, 2018, Newegg and Digital Grid entered into the First Amendment to the $23.3 Million Loan, pursuant to which the interest rate was amended to 5% per annum and the maturity date was extended to September 30, 2018. As of December 31, 2018, there was no outstanding principal balance receivable from affiliate.

On December 17, 2019, Newegg loaned $15.0 million to Digital Grid under a term loan agreement with a maturity date of April 30, 2020 and a fixed interest rate of 5.0% (the “$15.0 Million Loan”). The $15.0 Million Loan was subsequently extended to December 31, 2020.

During the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, Newegg recorded interest income of $0.9 million and $1.1 million, respectively, from loans to affiliate in interest income in the consolidated statement of operations. During the year ended December 31, 2019, Newegg interest income from loans to affiliate included in interest income in the consolidated statement of operations was immaterial. For the six months ended June 30, 2020, Newegg recorded interest income from loans to affiliate of $0.4 million. As of June 30, 2020, the amount of interest receivable on the $15.0 million loan outstanding as a component of “Due from related parties” in the consolidated balance sheet was $0.3 million. As of December 31, 2019, the amount of interest receivable on the $15.0 million loan outstanding as a component of “Due from related parties” in the consolidated balance sheets was immaterial. As of December 31, 2018, there was no outstanding interest receivable from loans to affiliate.

On January 14, 2019, Newegg entered into three loan agreements with BARD Company Limited, an entity affiliated with Anthony Chow, Newegg’s Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to which Newegg borrowed a total of $15.0 million. For all of the three loans, the maturity date was March 31, 2019 unless extended to April 30, 2019 in accordance with the terms of the loan agreements, and the interest rate is 6% per annum. Newegg repaid the three loans in their entirety as of March 8, 2019.

Due from related parties and net sales to related parties primarily reflect sales of finished goods and services with the exception of loans to affiliate as discussed above.

As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, due from related parties represent amounts receivable of $1.5 million and $1.5 million, respectively, due from Digital Grid (Hong Kong) Technology (“Digital Grid”). Digital Grid is determined to be a related party by virtue of common control. Sales during the year ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 to this related party were $0, $0, and $1.5 million, respectively.

As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, due from related parties represent amounts receivable of $4.3 million and $3.5 million, respectively, due from Connect Technova Inc. (“Connect Technova”). Connect Technova is determined to be a related party by virtue of common control. Sales during the year ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 to this related party were $0.8 million, $2.9 million and $0.6 million, respectively.

As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, amount due to related parties was immaterial.

Except as otherwise indicated herein, there have been no other related party transactions, or any other transactions or relationships required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 404 and Item 407(a) of Regulation S-K.

We are a British Virgin Islands exempted company with limited liability and our affairs are governed by our Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association, the BVI Act, the common law of the British Virgin Islands, our corporate governance documents and rules and regulations of the stock exchange on which our Class A Common Shares (after the completion of this Offering, our Common Shares) are traded.

Prior to the consummation of this Offering and the completion of the Share Redesignation, our authorized capital is $136,550, consisting of 6,250,000 common shares, $0.021848 par value per share, of which 4,736,111 shares are designated as Class A Common Shares and 1,513,889 shares are designated as Class B Common Shares. The Board of Directors has the right, in its absolute discretion and without approval of the existing shareholders, to issue shares, grant rights over existing shares or issue other securities in one or more series as it deems necessary and appropriate and to determine designations, powers, preferences, privileges and other rights, including dividend rights, conversion rights, terms of redemption and liquidation preferences, any or all of which may be greater than the powers and rights associated with the shares held by existing shareholders, at such times and on such other terms as it deems proper. No preferred shares have been issued.

As of the date of this prospectus, there are 2,210,683 of our Class A Common Shares issued and outstanding and 1,388,888 of our Class B Common Shares issued and outstanding. All shares are fully paid. We do not have any preferred shares outstanding.

We are seeking shareholders’ approval of a proposal to adopt the Fifth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association to effect the Share Redesignation, the Share Combination, the Share Increase, the Rights of Principal Shareholders, and the Name Change. As a result, upon the consummation of the Restructure and the Offering, we will only have one class of security, which is our Common Share.

Voting Rights. Holders of Common Shares shall at all times vote together as one class on all resolutions submitted to a vote by the shareholders. Each Common Share is entitled to one (1) vote on all matters subject to vote at general meetings of the Company.

Dividends. The holders of shares are entitled to such dividends as may be declared by the directors of the Company at such time and of such an amount as the directors think fit if they are satisfied, on reasonable grounds, that immediately after the distribution, the value of Company assets exceeds the Company’s liabilities and the Company will be able to pay its debts as they fall due.

Pre-emptive rights. Except as set forth in the Amended Shareholders Agreement, there are no pre-emptive rights applicable to the issue by the Company of new shares under either the Act or the Company’s memorandum and articles of association.

As a result of the private placements that closed on February 14, 2020, February 25, 2020, and March 2, 2020, we have outstanding warrants issued to several investors to purchase 1,373,750 of our Class A Common Shares. The features of these investor warrants are discussed below:

Exercise Price. The investor warrants issued on February 14, 2020, or the February 14^th warrants, for the purchase of up to 323,750 Class A Common Shares have an initial exercise price of $0.85 per share and were thereafter adjusted to $0.6239, subject to full ratchet anti-dilution protection. Both of the investor warrants issued on February 25, 2020, or the February 25^thwarrants, for the purchase of up to 437,500 Class A Common Shares and the investor warrants issued on March 2, 2020, or the March 2^nd warrants, for the purchase of up to 612,500 Class A Common Shares have an initial exercise price of $0.70 per share.

Exercisability. The investor warrants are exercisable for a period of five and one-half years commencing on February 14, 2020 and expiring on August 14, 2025, for the February 14^th warrants, on February 25, 2020 and expiring on August 25, 2025, for the February 25^th warrants, and on March 2, 2020 and expiring on September 2, 2025, for the March 2^nd warrants. The investor warrants will be exercisable, at the option of each holder, in whole or in part by delivering to us a duly executed exercise notice and, at any time a registration statement registering the issuance of Class A Common Shares underlying the investor warrants under the Securities Act is effective and available for the issuance of such shares, or an exemption from registration under the Securities Act is available for the issuance of such shares, by payment in full in immediately available funds for the number of Class A Common Shares purchased upon such exercise. If a registration statement registering the issuance of the Class A Common Shares underlying the investor warrants under the Securities Act is not effective or available, at any time after the six-month anniversary of the warrant issue date, the holder may, in its sole discretion, elect to exercise the investor warrants through a cashless exercise, in which case the holder would receive upon such exercise the net number of Class A Common Shares determined according to the formula set forth in the warrant.

Exercise Limitation. A holder will not have the right to exercise any portion of the investor warrants if the holder (together with its affiliates) would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% (or, upon election of the holder, 9.99%) of the number of our Class A Common Shares outstanding immediately after giving effect to the exercise, as such percentage ownership is determined in accordance with the terms of the warrants. Any holder may increase or decrease such percentage, but in no event may such percentage be increased to more than 9.99%, provided that any increase will not be effective until the 61st day after such election.

Exercise Price Adjustment. The exercise price of the investor warrants is subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of certain stock dividends and distributions, stock splits, stock combinations, reclassifications or similar events affecting our Class A Common Shares and also upon any distributions of assets, including cash, stock or other property to our shareholder. The investor warrants also contain full ratchet anti-dilution protection upon the issuance of any Class A Common Shares, securities convertible into Class A Common Shares or certain other issuances at a price below the then-existing exercise price of the investor warrants, with certain exceptions, and, with respect to the February 25^th warrants, subject to the exercise price never being adjusted to a price less than $0.1701, and with respect to the March 2^nd warrants, subject to the exercise price never being adjusted to a price less than $0.18, the “Floor Price.” The terms of the investor warrants, including these anti-dilution protections, may make it difficult for us to raise additional capital at prevailing market terms in the future.

Exchange Listing. There is no established trading market for the investor warrants and we do not expect a market to develop. In addition, we do not intend to apply for the listing of the investor warrants on any national securities exchange or other trading market.

Participation Rights. If at any time we grant, issue or sell any Class A Common Shares or Class A Common Share equivalents or rights, that is, the Purchase Rights, to purchase stock, warrants, securities or other property pro rata to the record holders of any Class A Common Shares, the holder of the investor warrants will be entitled to acquire, upon the terms applicable to such Purchase Rights, subject to the beneficial ownership limitations, the aggregate amount of securities which the holder of the investor warrants could have acquired if the Holder had held the number of Class A Common Shares acquirable upon complete exercise of the investor warrants.

Fundamental Transactions. If (i) we, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effect any merger or consolidation of the Company with or into another person, (ii) we, directly or indirectly, effect any sale, lease, license, assignment, transfer, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of our assets in one or a series of related transactions, (iii) any, direct or indirect, purchase offer, tender offer or exchange offer (whether by us or another person) is completed pursuant to which holders of Class A Common Shares are permitted to sell, tender or exchange their shares for other securities, cash or property and has been accepted by the holders of 50% or more of the outstanding Class A Common Shares, (iv) we, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effect any reclassification, reorganization or recapitalization of the Class A Common Shares or any compulsory share exchange pursuant to which the Class A Common Shares are effectively converted into or exchanged for other securities, cash or property, or (v) we, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions consummates a stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination (including, without limitation, a reorganization, recapitalization, spin-off, merger or scheme of arrangement) with another person or group of persons whereby such other person or group acquires more than 50% of the outstanding Class A Common Shares (not including any Class A Common Shares held by the other person or other persons making or party to, or associated or affiliated with the other persons making or party to, such stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination), each a “Fundamental Transaction,” then the successor entity will succeed to, and be substituted for us, and may exercise every right and power that we may exercise and will assume all of our obligations under the investor warrants with the same effect as if such successor entity had been named in the investor warrant itself. If holders of our Class A Common Shares are given a choice as to the securities, cash or property to be received in a fundamental transaction, then the holder of investor warrants shall be given the same choice as to the consideration it receives upon any exercise of the investor warrants following such fundamental transaction. In addition, the successor entity, at the request of the holders of investor warrants, will be obligated to purchase any unexercised portion of the investor warrants in accordance with the terms of such warrants.

Dividends. If, at any time while the investor warrants are outstanding, we declare or make any dividend or other distribution of our assets (or rights to acquire our assets) to holders of our Class A Common Shares, by way of return of capital or otherwise, then each holder of investor warrants shall be entitled to participate in such distribution, subject to the beneficial ownership limitations, to the same extent that the holder would have participated therein if the holder had held the number of Class A Common Shares acquirable upon complete exercise of the investor warrants immediately prior to the record date for such distribution.

Rights as a Shareholder. Except as otherwise provided in the investor warrants or by virtue of such holder’s ownership of our Class A Common Shares, the holder of investor warrants will not have the rights or privileges of a holder of our Class A Common Shares, including any voting rights, until the holder exercises the warrant.

Resale/Registration Rights. We are required within 45 days of the closing of the offering in which we issued the February 14^th warrants to file a registration statement providing for the resale of the Class A Common Shares issued and issuable upon the exercise of such warrants. We are obligated under similar requirements with respect to the February 25^th warrants and the March 2^nd warrants. The registration statement in which this prospectus is included was filed to meet these registration requirements. We are required to use commercially reasonable efforts to cause this registration to become effective within 181 days of the closing of the offering in which we issued the February 14^th warrants and to keep this registration statement effective at all times until no investor owns any investor warrants or shares issuable upon exercise thereof.

Upon Closing of the Restructure and this Offering, the outstanding warrants to purchase any Class A Common Share will be automatically converted to warrants to purchase such number of Common Shares.

On August 18, 2016, the Company closed the sale of warrants to purchase 125,000 of our Class B Common Shares to Hangzhou Lianluo pursuant to the terms of a certain securities purchase agreement. These warrants are exercisable at any time for an exercise price of $17.60 per share, with no expiration date.

Upon Closing of the Restructure and this Offering, the outstanding warrants to purchase 125,000Class B Common Share will be automatically converted to warrants to purchase 125,000Common Shares pursuant to the terms of Merger Agreement.

We are registered in the British Virgin Islands and have been assigned company number 553525 in the register of companies. Our registered office is at the offices of Offshore Incorporations Limited, of P. O. Box 957, Offshore Incorporations Center, Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin Islands. The objects for which the Company was established are unrestricted and the Company has full power and authority to carry out any object that is not prohibited under British Virgin Islands law as set forth in Paragraph 5 of our Fifth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association, effective upon closing of the Restructure and the Offering.

Under our Fifth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association, the objects of our Company are unrestricted and we have the full power and authority to carry out any object not prohibited by the law of the British Virgin Islands.

Section 12.1 of our Fifth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association provides that the Company may amend the Memorandum or the Articles by Resolution of Shareholders or by Resolution of Directors, provided that no amendment may be made by Resolution of Directors: (a) to restrict the rights or powers of the Shareholders to amend the Memorandum or the Articles; (b) to change the percentage of Shareholders required to pass a Resolution of Shareholders to amend the Memorandum or the Articles; (c) in circumstances where the Memorandum or the Articles cannot be amended by the Shareholders; and provided that the Directors may not amend certain sections of the Fifth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association that would negatively affect existing stockholders.

Pursuant to the Fifth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association and subject to compliance with applicable laws and NASDAQ rules, the board of post-closing issuer shall consist of up to seven directors. Initially, four of the directors shall be appointed by Digital Grid, and three of the directors shall be appointed by the Minority Representative.

If the number of Common Shares or other Equity Interests (as defined in the Fifth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association) of the post-closing issuer held by the Legacy Shareholders represents (i) more than two sevenths (2/7) and less than three sevenths (3/7) of the total voting power of all outstanding Equity Interests of the post-closing issuer, then the number of directors that the Minority Representative shall be entitled to appoint shall decrease from three directors to two directors, (ii) more than one seventh (1/7) and less than two sevenths (2/7) of the total voting power of all outstanding Equity Interests of the post-closing issuer, then the number of directors that the Minority Representative shall be entitled to appoint shall decrease from two directors to one director, and (iii) less than five percent (5%) of the total voting power of all outstanding Equity Interests of the post-closing issuer, then the Minority Representative shall no longer be entitled to appoint any directors.

If the number of Common Shares or other Equity Interests held by Digital Grid or its affiliates represents (i) more than three sevenths (3/7) and less than fifty percent (50%) of the total voting power of all outstanding Equity Interests of the post-closing issuer, then the number of directors that Digital Grid shall be entitled to appoint shall decrease from four directors to three directors, (ii) more than two sevenths (2/7) and less than three sevenths (3/7) of the total voting power of all outstanding Equity Interests of the post-closing issuer, then the number of directors that Digital Grid shall be entitled to appoint shall decrease from three directors to two directors, (iii) more than one seventh (1/7) and less than two sevenths (2/7) of the total voting power of all outstanding Equity Interests of the post-closing issuer, then the number of directors that Digital Grid shall be entitled to appoint shall decrease from two directors to one director, and (iv) less than five percent (5%) of the total voting power of all outstanding Equity Interests of the post-closing issuer, then Digital Grid shall no longer be entitled to appoint any directors.

In addition, the Fifth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association also provides that, as long as the number of Common Shares held by Legacy Shareholders represents more than ten percent (10%) of the total voting power of all outstanding Common Shares of the post-closing issuer, the post-closing issuer agrees not to take, or permit our subsidiaries to take, certain actions, without the approval of the affirmative vote of not less than a majority of the number of votes represented by the directors, which majority must include Primary Minority Board Appointee. Such actions include the following:

(i) initiate any liquidation, dissolution, bankruptcy filing or similar action, recapitalization, restructuring or reorganization of the Company or any of its subsidiaries;

(iv) commence or undertake any Reorganization (as defined in the Fifth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association);

(vi) materially alter or fundamentally change the nature of the business of the post-closing entity and its Subsidiaries;

(vii) amend, change, or waive any provision of, the memorandum and articles of association of the post-closing entity;

(xii) enter into any Affiliate Transactions (as defined in the Fifth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association);

(xiii) amend, change or waive any of the actions of the post-closing entity described in the Fifth Amended and Restated Articles of Association or the required voting threshold specified herein; and

British Virgin Islands law and our Fifth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association impose no limitations on the right of nonresident or foreign owners to hold or vote our securities. There are no provisions in the Fifth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association governing the ownership threshold above which shareholder ownership must be disclosed.

Some provisions of our Articles may discourage, delay or prevent a change of control of our Company or management that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that:

However, under British Virgin Islands law, our directors may only exercise the rights and powers granted to them under our Fifth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association for a proper purpose and for what they believe in good faith to be in the best interests of our Company.

The Company is required to keep a register of members containing (i) the names and addresses of the shareholders, (ii) the number of each class and series of shares held by each shareholder, (iii) the date on which the name of each shareholder was entered in the register of members, and (iv) the date on which any person ceased to be a shareholder. A share is deemed to be issued when the name of the shareholder is entered in the register of members and the entry of the name of a person in the register of members as a holder of a share is prima facie evidence that legal title in the share vests in that person.

If at any time the shares are divided into different classes, the rights attached to any class may only be varied, whether or not the Company is in liquidation, by a resolution passed at a meeting by a majority of the votes cast by those entitled to vote at a meeting of the holders of the issued shares in that class.

Any action required or permitted to be taken by the shareholders may be effected at a duly called annual or special meeting of the shareholders entitled to vote on such action. An action that may be taken by the shareholders at a meeting (other than the election of Directors) may also be taken by a resolution of shareholders consented to in writing, without the need for any notice, but if any resolution of shareholders is adopted otherwise than by the unanimous written consent of all shareholders, a copy of such resolution shall forthwith be sent to all shareholders not consenting to such resolution. All meetings of shareholders (whether annual or special) will be held on such dates and at such places as may be fixed from time to time by the directors. The Company is not required to hold an annual general meeting in any calendar year. However, where so determined by the directors of the Company, an annual general meeting shall be held once in each calendar year at such date and time as may be determined by the directors of the Company.

At any meeting of shareholders, a quorum will be present if there are one or more shareholders present in person or by proxy representing not less than one third (33.3%) of the issued shares entitled to vote on the resolutions to be considered at the meeting. The shareholders present at a duly called or held meeting of shareholders at which a quorum is present may continue to transact business until adjournment notwithstanding the withdrawal of enough shareholders to leave less than a quorum, if any action (other than adjournment) is approved by at least a majority of the shares required to constitute a quorum.

A shareholder may be represented at a meeting of shareholders by a proxy who may speak and vote on behalf of the shareholder. A shareholder will be deemed to be present at the meeting if he participates by telephone or other electronic means and all shareholders participating in the meeting are able to hear each other.

Subject to the restrictions and conditions in the Company’s memorandum and articles of association, as amended, any shareholder may transfer all or any of his or her shares by written instrument of transfer signed by the transferor and containing the name and address of the transferee. The transfer of a share is effective when the name of the transferee is entered on the register of members of the Company.

The Company may purchase, redeem or otherwise acquire any of its own shares for such consideration as the directors of the Company may determine if the directors are satisfied, on reasonable grounds, that immediately after the acquisition the value of the Company’s assets will exceed its liabilities and the Company will be able to pay its debts as they fall due. Shares that the Company purchases, redeems or otherwise acquires may be cancelled or held as treasury shares except to the extent that such shares are in excess of 50% of the issued shares in which case they shall be cancelled to the extent of such excess but they shall be available for reissue.

A copy of our current Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association was filed with the SEC as Exhibit 99.1 to the Report of Foreign Private Issuer on Form 6-K furnished by the Company on April 21, 2020. A copy of the proposed Fifth Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association is filed herewithin as Exhibit 3.2.

We were incorporated under, and are governed by, the laws of the BVI. Set forth below is a summary of some of the differences between provisions of the BVI Act applicable to us and the laws application to companies incorporated in Delaware and their shareholders.

Under Delaware corporate law, a director of a Delaware corporation has a fiduciary duty to the corporation and its stockholders. This duty has two components: the duty of care and the duty of loyalty. The duty of care requires that a director act in good faith, with the care that an ordinarily prudent person would exercise under similar circumstances. Under this duty, a director must inform himself of, and disclose to stockholders, all material information reasonably available regarding a significant transaction. The duty of loyalty requires that a director act in a manner he reasonably believes to be in the best interests of the corporation. He must not use his corporate position for personal gain or advantage. This duty prohibits self-dealing by a director and mandates that the best interest of the corporation and its stockholders take precedence over any interest possessed by a director, officer or controlling stockholder and not shared by the stockholders generally. In general, actions of a director are presumed to have been made on an informed basis, in good faith and in the honest belief that the action taken was in the best interests of the corporation. However, this presumption may be rebutted by evidence of a breach of one of the fiduciary duties. Should such evidence be presented concerning a transaction by a director, a director must prove the procedural fairness of the transaction, and that the transaction was of fair value to the corporation.

BVI law provides that every director of a BVI company in exercising his powers or performing his duties shall act honestly and in good faith and in what the director believes to be in the best interests of the company. Additionally, the director shall exercise the care, diligence and skill that a reasonable director would exercise in the same circumstances taking into account the nature of the company, the nature of the decision and the position of the director and his responsibilities. In addition, BVI law provides that a director shall exercise his powers as a director for a proper purpose and shall not act, or agree to the company acting, in a manner that contravenes the BVI Act or the memorandum of association or articles of association of the company.

Under Delaware corporate law, with very limited exceptions, a vote of the stockholders is required to amend the certificate of incorporation. Under BVI law and our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, we may amend the memorandum of association or articles of association by resolution of shareholders or by resolution of directors, provided that no amendment may be made by resolution of directors: (a) to restrict the rights or powers of the shareholders to amend the memorandum of association or the articles of association; (b) to change the percentage of shareholders required to pass a resolution of shareholders to amend the memorandum of association or the articles of association; (c) in circumstances where the memorandum of association or the articles of association cannot be amended by the shareholders; and (d) provided that the directors may not amend certain sections of the amended and restated memorandum and articles of association that would negatively affect existing shareholders.

Under Delaware corporate law, directors may act by written consent only on the basis of a unanimous vote. Under BVI law, directors’ consents need only a majority of directors signing to take effect. Under our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, directors may act by written consents of all directors.

Under Delaware corporate law, unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation, any action to be taken at any annual or special meeting of stockholders of a corporation, may be taken by written consent of the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to take such action at a meeting. As permitted by BVI law, shareholders’ consents need only a majority of shareholders signing to take effect. Our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association provide that an action that may be taken by the shareholders at a meeting (other than the election of directors) may also be taken by a resolution of shareholders consented to in writing, without the need for any notice, but if any resolution of shareholders is adopted otherwise than by the unanimous written consent of all shareholders, a copy of such resolution shall forthwith be sent to all shareholders not consenting to such resolution

Under Delaware corporate law, a shareholder has the right to put any proposal before the annual meeting of shareholders, provided it complies with the notice provisions in the governing documents. A special meeting may be called by the board of directors or any other person authorized to do so in the governing documents, but shareholders may be precluded from calling special meetings. BVI law and our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association provide that our directors shall call a meeting of the shareholders if requested in writing to do so by shareholders entitled to exercise 30% or more of the voting rights in respect of the matter for which the meeting is requested.

Under Delaware corporate law, a vote of the stockholders is required to approve the sale of assets only when all or substantially all assets are being sold. In the BVI, shareholder approval is required when more than 50% of a company’s total assets by value are being disposed of or sold.

Under Delaware corporate law, unless the board of directors approves the proposal to dissolve, dissolution must be approved by shareholders holding 100% of the total voting power of the corporation. Only if the dissolution is initiated by the board of directors may it be approved by a simple majority of the corporation’s outstanding shares. Delaware corporate law allows a Delaware corporation to include in its certificate of incorporation a supermajority voting requirement in connection with dissolutions initiated by the board. As permitted by BVI law and our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, we may by a resolution of shareholders or by resolution of directors appoint a voluntary liquidator to undertake the liquidation of the Company.

Under Delaware corporate law, any stock may be made subject to redemption by the corporation at its option or at the option of the holders of such stock provided there remains outstanding shares with full voting power. Such stock may be made redeemable for cash, property or rights, as specified in the certificate of incorporation or in the resolution of the board of directors providing for the issue of such stock. As permitted by BVI law and our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, we may purchase, redeem or otherwise acquire any of our own shares for such consideration as our directors may determine if the directors are satisfied, on reasonable grounds, that immediately after the acquisition the value of our assets will exceed our liabilities and we will be able to pay our debts as they fall due. Shares that the Company purchases, redeems or otherwise acquires may be cancelled or held as treasury shares except to the extent that such shares are in excess of 50% of the issued shares in which case they shall be cancelled to the extent of such excess but they shall be available for reissue.

Under Delaware corporate law, a corporation may vary the rights of a class of shares with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares of such class, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. As permitted by BVI law and our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, if at any time the shares are divided into different classes, the rights attached to any class may only be varied, whether or not the Company is in liquidation, by a resolution passed at a meeting by a majority of the votes cast by those entitled to vote at a meeting of the holders of the issued shares in that class.

Under Delaware corporate law, a director of a corporation with a classified board may be removed only for cause with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate provides otherwise. As permitted by BVI law and our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, a director or member of a committee of the board or the board of a subsidiary may be removed from his or her position, with cause, by the majority of the shareholders or the majority of the board; provided that (i) any director or member of a committee of the board or the board of a subsidiary that is appointed or nominated by the minority representative shall be removed from their position upon and only upon, the written request of the minority representative; and (ii) any director or member of a committee of the board or the board of a subsidiary that is appointed or nominated by Digital Grid shall be removed from their position upon and only upon, the written request of Digital Grid.

Under Delaware corporate law, one or more constituent corporations may merge into and become part of another constituent corporation in a process known as a merger. A Delaware corporation may merge with a foreign corporation as long as the law of the foreign jurisdiction permits such a merger. To effect a merger under Delaware General Corporation Law §251, an agreement of merger must be properly adopted and the agreement of merger or a certificate of merger must be filed with the Delaware Secretary of State. In order to be properly adopted, the agreement of merger must be adopted by the board of directors of each constituent corporation by a resolution or unanimous written consent. In addition, the agreement of merger generally must be approved at a meeting of stockholders of each constituent corporation by a majority of the outstanding stock of the corporation entitled to vote, unless the certificate of incorporation provides for a supermajority vote. In general, the surviving corporation assumes all of the assets and liabilities of the disappearing corporation or corporations as a result of the merger.

Under the BVI Act, two or more companies may merge or consolidate in accordance with the statutory provisions. A merger means the merging of two or more constituent companies into one of the constituent companies, and a consolidation means the uniting of two or more constituent companies into a new company. In order to merger or consolidate, the directors of each constituent company must approve a written plan of merger or consolidation which must be authorized by a resolution of shareholders.

Shareholders not otherwise entitled to vote on the merger or consolidation may still acquire the right to vote if the plan of merger or consolidation contains any provision which, if proposed as an amendment to the memorandum association or articles of association, would entitle them to vote as a class or series on the proposed amendment. In any event, all shareholders must be given a copy of the plan of merger or consolidation irrespective of whether they are entitled to vote at the meeting or consent to the written resolution to approve the plan of merger or consolidation.

Under Delaware corporate law, any shareholder of a corporation may for any proper purpose inspect or make copies of the corporation’s stock ledger, list of shareholders and other books and records. Holders of our shares have no general right under BVI law to inspect or obtain copies of our list of shareholders or our corporate records.

Delaware corporate law contains a business combination statute applicable to Delaware public corporations whereby, unless the corporation has specifically elected not to be governed by such statute by amendment to its certificate of incorporation, it is prohibited from engaging in certain business combinations with an “interested shareholder” for three years following the date that such person becomes an interested shareholder. An interested shareholder generally is a person or group who or that owns or owned 15% or more of the target’s outstanding voting stock within the past three years. This has the effect of limiting the ability of a potential acquirer to make a two-tiered bid for the target in which all shareholders would not be treated equally. The statute does not apply if, among other things, prior to the date on which such shareholder becomes an interested shareholder, the board of directors approves either the business combination or the transaction that resulted in the person becoming an interested shareholder. This encourages any potential acquirer of a Delaware public corporation to negotiate the terms of any acquisition transaction with the target’s board of directors.

BVI law has no comparable provision. However, our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association provide that the Company shall not engage in any business combination with any interested shareholder for a period of 3 years following the time that such shareholder became an interested shareholder unless: (a) prior to such time the board of directors of the Company approved either the business combination or the transaction which resulted in the shareholder becoming an interested shareholder; (b) upon consummation of the transaction which resulted in the shareholder becoming an interested shareholder, the interested shareholder owned at least 85% of the voting shares of the Company outstanding at the time the transaction commenced, excluding for the purposes of determining the voting shares outstanding (but not the outstanding voting shares owned by the interested shareholder) those shares owned (i) by persons who are directors and also officers and (ii) employee share plans in which employee participants do not have the right to determine confidentially whether shares held subject to the plan will be tendered in a tender or exchange offer; or (c) at or subsequent to such time the business combination is approved by the board of directors and authorized at any annual or special meeting of the shareholders by the affirmative vote of at least 66⅔% of the outstanding voting shares which are not owned by the interested shareholder.

Under Delaware corporate law, cumulative voting for elections of directors is not permitted unless the company’s certificate of incorporation specifically provides for it. Cumulative voting potentially facilitates the representation of minority shareholders on a board of directors since it permits the minority shareholder to cast all the votes to which the shareholder is entitled on a single director, which increases the shareholder’s voting power with respect to electing such director. There are no prohibitions to cumulative voting under the laws of the BVI, but our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association do not provide for cumulative voting.

The rights of our shareholders are currently governed by our Fourth Amended And Restated Memorandum And Articles Of Association, the BVI Act and the common law of the BVI. The rights of Newegg stockholders are currently governed by Newegg’s certificate of incorporation and bylaws and Delaware law. As a result of the merger, Newegg stockholders will be entitled to receive merger consideration in our Common Shares. Following completion of the merger, the rights of Newegg stockholders who become holders of our Common Shares in the merger will be governed by our Fifth Amended And Restated Memorandum And Articles Of Association, the BVI Act and the common law of the BVI.

The following discussion summarizes the material differences between the current rights of our shareholders and the current rights of Newegg stockholders. These differences arise from differences between Delaware law and the laws of the BVI, the governing instruments of the two companies, and the securities laws and regulations governing the two companies.

Although it is impracticable to compare all of the aspects in which Delaware law and the laws of the BVI, and each company’s governing instruments, differ with respect to shareholder rights, the following discussion summarizes certain material differences between them. This summary is not intended to be complete, and it is qualified in its entirety by reference to Delaware law, the laws of the BVI, our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association and Newegg’s certificate of incorporation and bylaws. In addition, the identification of some of the differences in the rights of shareholders as material is not intended to indicate that other differences that are equally important do not exist. We urge you to carefully read this entire proxy statement/prospectus, the relevant provisions of Delaware law and BVI law and the other documents to which we refer in this proxy statement/prospectus for a more complete understanding of the differences between the rights of our shareholders and the rights of Newegg stockholders. For a description of the rights of holders of our Common Shares, see “Description of Share Capital.”

There are no material exchange controls restrictions on payment of dividends, interest or other payments to the holders of our Common Shares or on the conduct of our operations in the BVI, where we were incorporated. There are no material BVI laws that impose any material exchange controls on us or that affect the payment of dividends, interest or other payments to nonresident holders of our Common Shares. BVI law and our Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association do not impose any material limitations on the right of non-residents or foreign owners to hold or vote our Common Shares.

For a discussion of PRC Exchange Controls, see “Our Business—Regulations on China Applicable to our Business - Regulation on Foreign Currency Exchange” above.

The following is a general summary of certain material BVI, PRC and U.S. federal income tax considerations. The discussion is not intended to be, nor should it be construed as, legal or tax advice to any particular shareholder or prospective shareholder. The discussion is based on laws and relevant interpretations thereof in effect as of the date hereof, all of which are subject to change or different interpretations, possibly with retroactive effect.

The BVI does not impose a withholding tax on dividends paid to holders of our Common Shares, nor does the BVI levy any capital gains or income taxes on us. Further, a holder of our Common Shares who is not a resident of the BVI is exempt from the BVI income tax on dividends paid with respect to the Common Shares. Holders of Common Shares are not subject to the BVI income tax on gains realized on the sale or disposition of the Common Shares.

Our Common Shares are not subject to transfer taxes, stamp duties or similar charges in the BVI. However, as a company incorporated under the BVI Act, we are required to pay the BVI government an annual license fee based on the number of shares we are authorized to issue.

There is no income tax treaty or convention currently in effect between the United States and the BVI.

We are a holding company incorporated in the BVI, which directly holds our equity interests in our PRC operating subsidiaries. The EIT Law and its implementation rules, both of which became effective as of January 1, 2008, as amended on February 24, 2017, provide that a PRC enterprise is subject to a standard income tax rate of 25% and China-sourced income of foreign enterprises, such as dividends paid by a PRC subsidiaries to its overseas parent, will normally be subject to PRC withholding tax at a rate of 10%, unless there are applicable treaties between the overseas parent’s jurisdiction of incorporation and China to reduce such rate.

The EIT Law also provides that enterprises organized under the laws of jurisdictions outside China with their “de facto management bodies” located within China may be considered PRC resident enterprises and therefore subject to PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on their worldwide income. Its implementation rules further define the term “de facto management body” as the management body that exercises substantial and overall management and control over the business, personnel, accounts and properties of an enterprise. While we do not currently consider our company or any of our overseas subsidiaries to be a PRC resident enterprise, there is a risk that the PRC tax authorities may deem our company or any of our overseas subsidiaries as a PRC resident enterprise since a substantial majority of the members of our management team as well as the management team of our overseas subsidiaries are located in China, in which case we or the overseas subsidiaries, as the case may be, would be subject to the PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on worldwide income. If the PRC tax authorities determine that our BVI holding company is a “resident enterprise” for PRC enterprise income tax purposes, a number of unfavorable PRC tax consequences could follow. Under the EIT Law and its implementation regulations issued by the State Council, a 10% PRC withholding tax is applicable to dividends paid to investors that are non-resident enterprises, which do not have an establishment or place of business in the PRC or which have such establishment or place of business but the dividends are not effectively connected with such establishment or place of business, to the extent such dividends are derived from sources within the PRC. In addition, any gain realized on the transfer of shares by such investors is also subject to PRC tax at a rate of 10%, if such gain is regarded as income derived from sources within the PRC. If we are deemed a PRC resident enterprise, dividends paid on our Common Shares, and any gain realized from the transfer of our Common Shares, may be treated as income derived from sources within the PRC and may as a result be subject to PRC taxation. Furthermore, if we are deemed a PRC resident enterprise, dividends paid to individual investors who are non-PRC residents and any gain realized on the transfer of Common Shares by such investors may be subject to PRC tax at a current rate of 20% (which in the case of dividends may be withheld at source). Any PRC tax liability may be reduced under applicable tax treaties or tax arrangements between China and other jurisdictions. If we or any of our subsidiaries established outside China are considered a PRC resident enterprise, it is unclear whether holders of our Common Shares would be able to claim the benefit of income tax treaties or agreements entered into between China and other countries or areas.

The following is a discussion of certain material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our Common Shares. It does not purport to be a comprehensive description of all of the tax considerations that may be relevant to a particular person’s situation. The discussion applies only to holders that hold their Common Shares as capital assets (generally property held for investment) within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code. This discussion is based on the Code, income tax regulations promulgated thereunder, judicial positions, published positions of the Internal Revenue Service, or the IRS, and other applicable authorities, all as in effect as of the date hereof and all of which are subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect. This discussion is general in nature and is not exhaustive of all possible tax considerations, nor does the discussion address any state, local or foreign tax considerations or any U.S. tax considerations (e.g., estate or gift tax) other than U.S. federal income tax considerations, that may be applicable to particular holders.

This discussion does not address all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be relevant in light of particular circumstances, nor does it address the U.S. federal income tax consequences to persons who are subject to special rules under U.S. federal income tax law, including:

For purposes of this discussion, a U.S. holder is (i) an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States for U.S. federal income tax purposes; (ii) a corporation, or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States (or treated as such under applicable U.S. tax laws), any State thereof, or the District of Columbia; (iii) an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source; or (iv) a trust if (a) a U.S. court is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (b) it has a valid election in effect under applicable law and regulations to be treated as a U.S. person for U.S. federal income tax purposes. A non-U.S. holder is a holder that is neither a U.S. holder nor a partnership or other entity classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

In the case of a partnership or entity classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner generally will depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partners of partnerships should consult their tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences to them of the merger or of the ownership and disposition of our Common Shares.

We do not currently anticipate paying distributions on our Common Shares. In the event that distributions are paid, however, the gross amount of such distributions will be included in the gross income of the U.S. holder as dividend income on the date of receipt to the extent that the distribution is paid out of current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles. Such dividends will not generally be eligible for the dividends received deduction allowed to corporations in respect of dividends received from U.S. corporations. Dividends received by non-corporate U.S. holders, including individuals, may be subject to reduced rates of taxation under current law. A U.S. holder may be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to any PRC withholding tax imposed on dividends paid by us. However, the foreign tax credit rules are complex, and U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any benefits they may be entitled to under the foreign tax credit rules.

To the extent that dividends paid on our Common Shares exceed current and accumulated earnings and profits, the distributions will be treated first as a tax-free return of tax basis on our Common Shares, and to the extent that the amount of the distribution exceeds tax basis, the excess will be treated as gain from the disposition of those Common Shares.

U.S. holders of our Common Shares will recognize taxable gain or loss on any sale, exchange, or other taxable disposition of Common Shares equal to the difference between the amounts realized for the Common Shares and the U.S. holder’s tax basis in the Common Shares. This gain or loss generally will be capital gain or loss. Under current law, non-corporate U.S. holders, including individuals, are eligible for reduced tax rates if the Common Shares have been held for more than one year. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations. A U.S. holder may be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to any PRC withholding tax imposed on gain from the sale or other disposition of Common Shares. However, the foreign tax credit rules are complex, and U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors with respect to any benefits they may be entitled to under the foreign tax credit rules.

Certain U.S. holders who are individuals, trusts or estates are required to pay an additional 3.8% Medicare tax on, among other things, dividends on and capital gains from the sale or other disposition of shares of stock. U.S. holders should consult their own advisors regarding the effect, if any, of this rule on their ownership and disposition of our Common Shares.

The rules applicable to non-U.S. holders for determining the extent to which distributions on our Common Shares, if any, constitute dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes are the same as for U.S. holders. See “–U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences for U.S. Holders– Distributions.”

If, at any time after the merger, the Company pays dividends to its non-U.S. holders, the Company will be required to impose U.S. withholding taxes on such dividends at the statutory rate of 30%. That rate may be reduced under an applicable income tax treaty between the United States and the holder’s country of residence. Non-U.S. holders must satisfy the eligibility requirements under the applicable income tax treaty and provide the appropriate IRS Form W-8 or other withholding certificate to the Company as the withholding agent. Under the prevailing U.S. – China income tax treaty, the rate of U.S. withholding tax on dividends paid to PRC residents who meet the relevant eligibility requirements is reduced to 10%.

Dividends received by a non-U.S. holder that are effectively connected with such holder’s conduct of a U.S. trade or business (and, if an income tax treaty applies, are attributable to a permanent establishment maintained by the non-U.S. holder in the U.S.) will be subject to U.S. federal income tax, net of certain deductions, at the rates applicable to U.S. persons. In addition, corporate non-U.S. holders may be subject to an additional branch profits tax equal to 30% or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable tax treaty on dividends received that are effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States.

Except as described below for a reduced rate of U.S. withholding tax pursuant to an applicable income tax treaty, any gain realized by a non-U.S. holder upon the sale or other disposition of our Common Shares generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax unless:

Non-U.S. holders whose gain is described in the first bullet point above will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the gain derived from the sale, net of certain deductions, at the rates applicable to U.S. persons. Corporate non-U.S. holders whose gain is described in the first bullet point above may also be subject to the branch profits tax described above at a 30% rate or lower rate provided by an applicable income tax treaty. Individual non-U.S. holders described in the second bullet point above will be subject to a flat 30% U.S. federal income tax rate on the gain derived from the sale, which may be offset by U.S.-source capital losses, even though such non-U.S. holders are not considered to be residents of the United States.

A corporation will be a USRPHC if the fair market value of its U.S. real property interests equals or exceeds 50 percent of the aggregate of its real property interests (U.S. and non-U.S.) and its assets used or held for use in a trade or business. Because we do not currently own significant U.S. real property, we believe that we are not currently and will not become a USRPHC. However, because the determination of whether we are a USRPHC depends on the fair market value of our U.S. real property relative to the fair market value of our other business assets, there can be no assurance that we will not become a USRPHC in the future. Even if we become a USRPHC, however, as long as our Common Shares are regularly traded on an established securities market, such Common Shares will be treated as U.S. real property interests only if a non-U.S. holder actually or constructively holds more than 5% of such regularly traded Common Shares at any time during the applicable period that is specified in the Code.

The Foreign Account Tax Compliance provisions of the Hiring Incentives to Restore Employment Act (generally referred to as “FATCA”), when applicable, will impose a U.S. federal withholding tax of 30% on payments of dividends on, and gross proceeds from dispositions of, our Common Shares that are held through “foreign financial institutions” (which is broadly defined for this purpose and in general includes investment vehicles) and certain other non-U.S. entities unless various U.S. information reporting and due diligence requirements (generally relating to ownership by U.S. persons of certain interests in or accounts with those entities) have been satisfied or an exemption applies. An intergovernmental agreement between the United States and an applicable foreign country may modify these requirements. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisers regarding the effect, if any, of the FATCA provisions on their particular circumstances.

Payments of proceeds on the disposition of stock made to a holder of our Common Shares may be subject to information reporting and backup withholding at a current rate of 24% unless such holder provides a correct taxpayer identification number on IRS Form W-9 (or other appropriate withholding form) or establishes an exemption from backup withholding, for example by properly certifying the holder’s non-U.S. status on a Form W-8BEN, Form W-8BEN-E or another appropriate version of IRS Form W-8.

Backup withholding is not an additional tax; rather, the U.S. income tax liability of persons subject to backup withholding will be reduced by the amount of tax withheld. If withholding results in an overpayment of taxes, a refund or credit may generally be obtained from the IRS, provided that the required information is furnished to the IRS in a timely manner.

Maxim Group LLC (who we refer to herein as the Representative) is acting as representative of the underwriters of this Offering. Subject to the terms and conditions of an underwriting agreement between us and the Representative, we have agreed to sell to each underwriter named below, and each underwriter named below has severally agreed to purchase, at the public offering price less the underwriting discounts set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, the number of common shares and the pre-funded warrants listed next to its name in the following table:

The underwriting agreement provides that the obligation of the underwriters to purchase all of the Common Shares being offered to the public is subject to specific conditions, including the absence of any material adverse change in our business or in the financial markets and the receipt of certain legal opinions, certificates and letters from us, our counsel and the independent auditors. Subject to the terms of the underwriting agreement, the underwriters will purchase all of the shares being offered to the public, other than those covered by the over-allotment option described below, if any of these shares are purchased.

Offers and sales for this offering will be conducted both inside and outside the United States through the underwriters and their respective selling agents. All offers or sales in the United States will be conducted by broker-dealers registered with the SEC and a member of FINRA.

We have granted to the underwriters an option, exercisable not later than 45 days after the date of this prospectus, to purchase up to additional Common Shares at the public offering price, less the underwriting discounts and commissions. The underwriters may exercise this option only to cover over-allotments made in connection with the sale of the shares offered by this prospectus. To the extent that the underwriters exercise this option, the underwriters will become obligated, subject to conditions, to purchase, and we will be obligated to sell, the additional shares. If any additional shares are purchased, the underwriters will offer the additional shares on the same terms as those on which the other shares are being offered hereunder.

The underwriting discounts and commissions are 7% of the public offering price. We have agreed to pay the underwriters the discounts and commissions set forth below, assuming either no exercise or full exercise by the underwriters of the underwriters’ over-allotment option. We have been advised by the underwriters that the underwriters propose to offer the shares to the public at the public offering price set forth on the cover of this prospectus and to dealers at a price that represents a concession not in excess of $ per share under the offering price. The underwriters may allow, and these dealers may re-allow, a concession of not more than $ per share to other dealers. After the offering, the underwriters may change the offering price and other selling terms.

The following table shows the underwriting discounts and commissions payable to the underwriters by us in connection with this offering.

In addition, we have agreed to pay Maxim a corporate finance fee equal to 0.75% of the gross proceeds raised in this offering. We have also agreed to reimburse the underwriters up to a maximum allowance of $100,000 for certain out-of-pocket expenses they incur in connection with this offering, including, but not limited to, filing offering materials with the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, or FINRA, background checks, “road show” expenses, costs of book-building, prospectus tracking and compliance software and the fees and disbursements of its counsel, accountants and other agents and representatives.

We estimate that expenses payable by us in connection with the offering of our Common Shares, other than the underwriting discounts and commissions and the counsel fees and disbursement reimbursement provisions referred to above, will be approximately $[ ].

Upon the closing of this offering, for a period of nine (9) months from such closing, we have granted Maxim the right of first refusal to act as lead left book runner and lead left manager and/or lead left placement agent, with at least 75.0% of the economics for a two handed deal and 50% of the economics for a three handed deal, for any and all future public and private equity, convertible or debt offerings (excluding commercial bank debt) of our securities. Maxim is entitled to such right of first refusal only if we engage a broker-dealer, a finder and/or an investment bank for any financing transaction during such period.

We have agreed to indemnify the underwriters against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act and liabilities arising from breaches of representations and warranties contained in the underwriting agreement, or to contribute to payments that the underwriters may be required to make in respect of those liabilities.

We, all of our directors, executive officers and holders of 5% or greater of our outstanding Common Shares have agreed that, subject to certain exceptions, they will not, without the prior written consent of the underwriters, for a period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus: (i) offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, grant, lend or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any Common Shares or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Shares; (ii) enter into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of Common Shares; or (iii) make any demand for or exercise any right with respect to the registration of any Common Shares or any security convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable Common Shares, whether any such transaction described above is to be settled by delivery of Common Shares or such other securities, in cash or otherwise.

Our Class A Common Shares are currently listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “LLIT”. We have applied to change the trading symbol of our Common Shares to “NEGG”. We make no representation that such application will be approved or that the Common Shares will trade on such market at any time in the future.

A prospectus in electronic format may be made available on the internet sites or through other online services maintained by the underwriters, or by their affiliates. In those cases, prospective investors may view offering terms online and prospective investors may be allowed to place orders online. Other than the prospectus in electronic format, the information on the underwriters’ websites is not part of this prospectus or the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, has not been approved and/or endorsed by us or the underwriters in their capacity as underwriters and should not be relied upon by investors.

In connection with the offering the underwriters may engage in stabilizing transactions, over-allotment transactions, syndicate covering transactions and penalty bids in accordance with Regulation M under the Exchange Act:

These stabilizing transactions, syndicate covering transactions and penalty bids may have the effect of raising or maintaining the market price of Common Shares or preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of Common Shares. As a result, the price of our Common Shares may be higher than the price that might otherwise exist in the open market. Neither we nor the underwriters make any representation or prediction as to the direction or magnitude of any effect that the transactions described above may have on the price of our Common Shares. In addition, neither we nor the underwriters make any representations that the underwriters will engage in these stabilizing transactions or that any transaction, once commenced, will not be discontinued without notice.

The underwriters and their respective affiliates are full service financial institutions engaged in various activities, which may include the sales and trading of securities, commercial and investment banking, advisory, investment management, investment research, principal investment, hedging, market making, financing, brokerage and other financial and non-financial activities and services. Certain of the underwriters and their respective affiliates may have, from time to time, performed, and may in the future perform, a variety of such activities and services for us and for persons or entities with relationships with us for which they received or will receive customary fees, commissions and expenses.

In the ordinary course of their various business activities, the underwriters and their respective affiliates, directors, officers and employees may at any time purchase, sell or hold a broad array of investments, and actively traded securities, derivatives, loans, commodities, currencies, credit default swaps and other financial instruments for their own account and for the accounts of their customers. Such investment and trading activities may involve or relate to the assets, securities and/or instruments of us (directly, as collateral securing other obligations or otherwise) and/or persons and entities with relationships with us. The underwriters and their respective affiliates may also communicate independent investment recommendations, market color or trading ideas and/or publish or express independent research views in respect of such assets, securities or instruments. In addition, the underwriters and their respective affiliates may at any time hold, or recommend to clients that they should acquire, long and short positions in such assets, securities and instruments.

Other than in the United States, no action has been taken by us or the underwriters that would permit a public offering of the shares offered by this prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required. The shares offered by this prospectus may not be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, nor may this prospectus or any other offering material or advertisements in connection with the offer and sale of any such shares be distributed or published in any jurisdiction, except under circumstances that will result in compliance with the applicable rules and regulations of that jurisdiction. Persons into whose possession this prospectus comes are advised to inform themselves about and to observe any restrictions relating to the offering and the distribution of this prospectus. This prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any Common Shares offered by this prospectus in any jurisdiction in which such an offer or a solicitation is unlawful.

The underwriters are expected to make offers and sales both in and outside the United States through their selling agents. Any offers and sales in the United States will be conducted by broker-dealers registered with the SEC.

No placement document, prospectus, product disclosure statement or other disclosure document has been lodged with the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (“ASIC”), in relation to the offering. This prospectus does not constitute a prospectus, product disclosure statement or other disclosure document under the Corporations Act 2001 (the “Corporations Act”), and does not purport to include the information required for a prospectus, product disclosure statement or other disclosure document under the Corporations Act. Any offer in Australia of the Common Shares may only be made to persons (the “Exempt Investors”) who are “sophisticated investors” (within the meaning of section 708(8) of the Corporations Act), “professional investors” (within the meaning of section 708(11) of the Corporations Act) or otherwise pursuant to one or more exemptions contained in section 708 of the Corporations Act so that it is lawful to offer the Common Shares without disclosure to investors under Chapter 6D of the Corporations Act. The Common Shares applied for by Exempt Investors in Australia must not be offered for sale in Australia in the period of 12 months after the date of allotment under the offering, except in circumstances where disclosure to investors under Chapter 6D of the Corporations Act would not be required pursuant to an exemption under section 708 of the Corporations Act or otherwise or where the offer is pursuant to a disclosure document which complies with Chapter 6D of the Corporations Act. Any person acquiring Common Shares must observe such Australian on-sale restrictions. This prospectus contains general information only and does not take account of the investment objectives, financial situation or particular needs of any particular person. It does not contain any Common Shares recommendations or financial product advice. Before making an investment decision, investors need to consider whether the information in this prospectus is appropriate to their needs, objectives and circumstances, and, if necessary, seek expert advice on those matters.

The Common Shares may be offered or sold in Bermuda only in compliance with the provisions of the Investment Business Act of 2003 of Bermuda which regulates the sale of securities in Bermuda. Additionally, non-Bermudian persons (including companies) may not carry on or engage in any trade or business in Bermuda unless such persons are permitted to do so under applicable Bermuda legislation.

The Common Shares are not being, and may not be offered to the public or to any person in the British Virgin Islands for purchase or subscription by us or on our behalf. The Common Shares may be offered to companies incorporated under the BVI Business Companies Act, 2004 (British Virgin Islands) (each a BVI Company), but only where the offer will be made to, and received by, the relevant BVI Company entirely outside of the British Virgin Islands.

This prospectus has not been, and will not be, registered with the Financial Services Commission of the British Virgin Islands. No registered prospectus has been or will be prepared in respect of the Common Shares for the purposes of the Securities and Investment Business Act, 2010, or SIBA or the Public Issuers Code of the British Virgin Islands.

The Common Shares may be offered to persons located in the British Virgin Islands who are “qualified investors” for the purposes of SIBA. Qualified investors include (i) certain entities which are regulated by the Financial Services Commission in the British Virgin Islands, including banks, insurance companies, licensees under SIBA and public, professional and private mutual funds; (ii) a company, any securities of which are listed on a recognized exchange; and (iii) persons defined as “professional investors” under SIBA, which is any person (a) whose ordinary business involves, whether for that person’s own account or the account of others, the acquisition or disposal of property of the same kind as the property, or a substantial part of our property; or (b) who has signed a declaration that he, whether individually or jointly with his spouse, has a net worth in excess of $1,000,000 and that he consents to being treated as a professional investor. The ordinary shares are not being, and may not be offered to the public or to any person in the British Virgin Islands for purchase or subscription by or on behalf of the Company. The ordinary shares may be offered to companies incorporated under the BVI Business Companies Act, 2004 (British Virgin Islands), but only where the offer will be made to, and received by, the relevant BVI company entirely outside of the British Virgin Islands.

The distribution of Common Shares in Canada is being made only in the provinces of Ontario, Quebec, Alberta and British Columbia on a private placement basis exempt from the requirement that we prepare and file a prospectus with the securities regulatory authorities in each province where trades of these securities are made. Any resale of the Common Shares in Canada must be made under applicable securities laws which may vary depending on the relevant jurisdiction, and which may require resales to be made under available statutory exemptions or under a discretionary exemption granted by the applicable Canadian securities regulatory authority. Purchasers are advised to seek legal advice prior to any resale of the Common Shares.

By purchasing the Common Shares in Canada and accepting delivery of a purchase confirmation, a purchaser is representing to us and the dealer from whom the purchase confirmation is received that:

Canadian purchasers are hereby notified that the underwriters are relying on the exemption set out in section 3A.3 or 3A.4, if applicable, of National Instrument 33-105 — Underwriting Conflicts from having to provide certain conflict of interest disclosure in this document.

Securities legislation in certain provinces or territories of Canada may provide a purchaser with remedies for rescission or damages if the offering memorandum (including any amendment thereto) such as this document contains a misrepresentation, provided that the remedies for rescission or damages are exercised by the purchaser within the time limit prescribed by the securities legislation of the purchaser’s province or territory. The purchaser of these securities in Canada should refer to any applicable provisions of the securities legislation of the purchaser’s province or territory for particulars of these rights or consult with a legal advisor.

All of our directors and officers as well as the experts named herein may be located outside of Canada and, as a result, it may not be possible for Canadian purchasers to effect service of process within Canada upon us or those persons. All or a substantial portion of our assets and the assets of those persons may be located outside of Canada and, as a result, it may not be possible to satisfy a judgment against us or those persons in Canada or to enforce a judgment obtained in Canadian courts against us or those persons outside of Canada.

Canadian purchasers of the Common Shares should consult their own legal and tax advisors with respect to the tax consequences of an investment in the Common Shares in their particular circumstances and about the eligibility of the Common Shares for investment by the purchaser under relevant Canadian legislation.

In relation to each Member State of the European Economic Area which has implemented the Prospectus Directive (each, a Relevant Member State), each underwriter represents and agrees that with effect from and including the date on which the Prospectus Directive is implemented in that Relevant Member State, it has not made and will not make an offer of Common Shares which are the subject of the offering contemplated by this prospectus to the public in that Relevant Member State other than:

For the purposes of this provision, the expression an “offer to the public” in relation to any Common Shares in any Relevant Member State means the communication in any form and by any means of sufficient information on the terms of the offer and the Common Shares to be offered so as to enable an investor to decide to purchase or subscribe the Common Shares, as the same may be varied in that Member State by any measure implementing the Prospectus Directive in that Member State, the expression Prospectus Directive means Directive 2003/71/EC (and amendments thereto, including the 2010 PD Amending Directive, to the extent implemented in the Relevant Member State), and includes any relevant implementing measure in the Relevant Member State and the expression “2010 PD Amending Directive” means Directive 2010/73/EU.

Neither this prospectus nor any other offering material relating to the Common Shares described in this prospectus has been submitted to the clearance procedures of the Autorité des Marchés Financiers or of the competent authority of another member state of the European Economic Area and notified to the Autorité des Marchés Financiers. The Common Shares have not been offered or sold and will not be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, to the public in France. Neither this prospectus nor any other offering material relating to the Common Shares has been or will be:

The Common Shares may be resold directly or indirectly, only in compliance with articles L.411-1, L.411-2, L.412-1 and L.621-8 through L.621-8-3 of the French Code monétaire et financier.

This prospectus does not constitute a Prospectus Directive-compliant prospectus in accordance with the German Securities Prospectus Act (Wertpapierprospektgesetz) and does therefore not allow any public offering in the Federal Republic of Germany (“Germany”) or any other Relevant Member State pursuant to § 17 and § 18 of the German Securities Prospectus Act. No action has been or will be taken in Germany that would permit a public offering of the Common Shares, or distribution of a prospectus or any other offering material relating to the Common Shares. In particular, no securities prospectus (Wertpapierprospekt) within the meaning of the German Securities Prospectus Act or any other applicable laws of Germany, has been or will be published within Germany, nor has this prospectus been filed with or approved by the German Federal Financial Supervisory Authority (Bundesanstalt für Finanzdienstleistungsaufsicht) for publication within Germany.

Each underwriter will represent, agree and undertake, (i) that it has not offered, sold or delivered and will not offer, sell or deliver the Common Shares within Germany other than in accordance with the German Securities Prospectus Act (Wertpapierprospektgesetz) and any other applicable laws in Germany governing the issue, sale and offering of Common Shares, and (ii) that it will distribute in Germany any offering material relating to the Common Shares only under circumstances that will result in compliance with the applicable rules and regulations of Germany.

This prospectus is strictly for use of the person who has received it. It may not be forwarded to other persons or published in Germany.

The Common Shares may not be offered or sold in Hong Kong by means of any document other than (i) to “professional investors” as defined in the Securities and Futures Ordinance (Cap. 571) of Hong Kong and any rules made under that Ordinance, or (ii) in other circumstances which do not result in the document being a “prospectus” as defined in the Companies Ordinance (Cap. 32) of Hong Kong or which do not constitute an offer to the public within the meaning of that Ordinance. No advertisement, invitation or document relating to the Common Shares may be issued or may be in the possession of any person for the purpose of issue, whether in Hong Kong or elsewhere, which is directed at, or the contents of which are likely to be accessed or read by, the public of Hong Kong (except if permitted to do so under the securities laws of Hong Kong) other than with respect to Common Shares which are or are intended to be disposed of only to persons outside Hong Kong or only to “professional investors” as defined in the Securities and Futures Ordinance and any rules made under that Ordinance.

This prospectus does not constitute a prospectus under the Israeli Securities Law, 5728-1968, and has not been filed with or approved by the Israel Securities Authority. In Israel, this prospectus is being distributed only to, and is directed only at, investors listed in the first addendum, or the Addendum, to the Israeli Securities Law, consisting primarily of joint investment in trust funds, provident funds, insurance companies, banks, portfolio managers, investment advisors, members of the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange, underwriters purchasing for their own account, venture capital funds, entities with equity in excess of NIS 50 million and qualified individuals, each as defined in the Addendum (as it may be amended from time to time), collectively referred to as qualified investors. Qualified investors may be required to submit written confirmation that they meet the criteria for one of the categories of investors set forth in the prospectus.

The offering of Common Shares has not been registered with the Commissione Nazionale per le Società e la Borsa(“CONSOB”) pursuant to Italian securities legislation and, accordingly, no Common Shares may be offered, sold or delivered, nor copies of this prospectus or any other documents relating to the Common Shares may not be distributed in Italy except:

Any offer, sale or delivery of the Common Shares or distribution of copies of this prospectus or any other documents relating to the Common Shares in the Republic of Italy must be:

Please note that, in accordance with Article 100-bis of Decree No. 58, where no exemption from the rules on public offerings applies, the subsequent distribution of the Common Shares on the secondary market in Italy must be made in compliance with the public offer and the prospectus requirement rules provided under Decree No. 58 and Regulation No. 11971.

Furthermore, the Common Shares which are initially offered and placed in Italy or abroad to qualified investors only but in the following year are regularly (“sistematicamente”) distributed on the secondary market in Italy to non-qualified investors become subject to the public offer and the prospectus requirement rules provided under Decree No. 58 and Regulation No. 11971. Failure to comply with such rules may result in the sale of the Common Shares being declared null and void and in the liability of the intermediary transferring the Common Shares for any damages suffered by such non-qualified investors.

The Common Shares have not been and will not be registered under the Financial Instruments and Exchange Law of Japan (Law No. 25 of 1948, as amended) and accordingly, will not be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, in Japan, or for the benefit of any Japanese Person or to others for re-offering or resale, directly or indirectly, in Japan or to any Japanese Person, except in compliance with all applicable laws, regulations and ministerial guidelines promulgated by relevant Japanese governmental or regulatory authorities in effect at the relevant time. For the purposes of this paragraph, “Japanese Person” shall mean any person resident in Japan, including any corporation or other entity organized under the laws of Japan.

This prospectus has not been and will not be circulated or distributed in the PRC, and the Common Shares may not be offered or sold, and will not be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, to any resident of the PRC or to persons for re-offering or resale, directly or indirectly, to any resident of the PRC except pursuant to applicable laws and regulations of the PRC. For the purpose of this paragraph, the PRC does not include Taiwan and the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macao.

This prospectus has not been registered as a prospectus with the Monetary Authority of Singapore. Accordingly, this prospectus and any other document or material in connection with the offer or sale, or invitation for subscription or purchase, of Common Shares may not be circulated or distributed, nor may the Common Shares be offered or sold, or be made the subject of an invitation for subscription or purchase, whether directly or indirectly, to persons in Singapore other than

Where the Common Shares are subscribed or purchased under Section 275 of the SFA by a relevant person which is:

This document is not intended to constitute an offer or solicitation to purchase or invest in the Common Shares described herein. The Common Shares may not be publicly offered, sold or advertised, directly or indirectly, in, into or from Switzerland and will not be listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange or on any other exchange or regulated trading facility in Switzerland. Neither this document nor any other offering or marketing material relating to the Common Shares constitutes a prospectus as such term is understood pursuant to article 652a or article 1156 of the Swiss Code of Obligations or a listing prospectus within the meaning of the listing rules of the SIX Swiss Exchange or any other regulated trading facility in Switzerland, and neither this document nor any other offering or marketing material relating to the Common Shares may be publicly distributed or otherwise made publicly available in Switzerland.

Neither this document nor any other offering or marketing material relating to the offering, nor the Company nor the Common Shares have been or will be filed with or approved by any Swiss regulatory authority. The Common Shares are not subject to the supervision by any Swiss regulatory authority, e.g., the Swiss Financial Markets Supervisory Authority FINMA (FINMA), and investors in the Common Shares will not benefit from protection or supervision by such authority.

The Common Shares have not been and will not be registered or filed with, or approved by, the Financial Supervisory Commission of Taiwan pursuant to relevant securities laws and regulations and may not be offered or sold in Taiwan through a public offering or in circumstances which constitute an offer within the meaning of the Securities and Exchange Act of Taiwan or relevant laws and regulations that require a registration, filing or approval of the Financial Supervisory Commission of Taiwan. No person or entity in Taiwan has been authorized to offer or sell the Common Shares in Taiwan.

Set forth below is an itemization of the total expenses, excluding placement discounts and commissions, that we expect to incur in connection with this Offering. With the exception of the SEC registration fee, the FINRA filing fee, and the NASDAQ listing fee, all amounts are estimates.

These expenses will be borne by us. Underwriting discounts and commissions will be borne by us in proportion to the numbers of Common Shares sold in the Offering.

Certain legal matters as to United States Federal and New York State law in connection with this Offering will be passed upon for us by Bevilacqua PLLC. The validity of the Common Shares offered in this Offering and certain other legal matters as to British Virgin Island’s law will be passed upon for us by Conyers Dill & Pearman. Legal matters as to PRC law will be passed upon for us by Beijing Zaixian Law Firm. Bevilacqua PLLC may rely upon Conyers Dill & Pearman with respect to matters governed by British Virgin Islands law and Beijing Zaixian Law Firm with respect to matters governed by PRC law. Ellenoff Grossman & Schole LLP is acting as counsel to the Underwriter.

CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

The consolidated financial statements of the Company included in this prospectus as of and for the year ended December 31, 2019 have been audited by BDO China Shu Lun Pan Certified Public Accountants LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their report thereon appearing elsewhere herein, and are included in reliance upon such report given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.

The financial statements of the Company included in this prospectus as of December 31, 2018 and for the two years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 have been audited by Centurion ZD CPA & Co., an independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their report thereon appearing elsewhere herein, and are included in reliance upon such report given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.

The consolidated financial statements of Newegg included in this prospectus as of and for the year ended December 31, 2019 have been audited by BDO USA, LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their report thereon appearing elsewhere herein, and are included in reliance upon such report given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.

The consolidated financial statements of Newegg as of December 31, 2018, and for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2018, have been included herein and in the registration statement, include the effects of the adjustment to retrospectively apply the change in the classification of Newegg’s Series A convertible Preferred Stock and Series AA convertible Preferred Stock to temporary equity as described in Note 2(y) to the consolidated financial statements. KPMG LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, audited the consolidated financial statements of Newegg as of December 31, 2018, and for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2018, before the effects of the retrospective adjustment, which financial statements are not included herein. BDO USA, LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, audited the retrospective adjustment. The consolidated financial statements of Newegg as of December 31, 2018, and for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2018, have been included herein and in the registration statements in reliance upon the reports of (1) KPMG LLP, solely with respect to the consolidated financial statements of Newegg before the effects of the retrospective adjustment, and (2) BDO USA, LLP, solely with respect to the retrospective adjustment, included herein, and upon the authority of said firms as experts in accounting and auditing.

No expert or counsel named in this prospectus as having prepared or certified any part of this prospectus or having given an opinion upon the validity of the securities being registered or upon other legal matters in connection with the registration or offering of the Common Shares was employed on a contingency basis, or had, or is to receive, in connection with the Offering, a substantial interest, direct or indirect, in the registrant. Nor was any such person connected with the registrant as a promoter, managing or principal underwriter, voting trustee, director, officer, or employee.

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act, may be permitted to our directors, officers or persons controlling us, we have been advised that it is the SEC’s opinion that such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in such act and is, therefore, unenforceable.

This prospectus summarizes material provisions of contracts and other documents that we refer you to. Since the prospectus may not contain all the information that you may find important, you should review the full text of these documents.

Immediately upon the completion of this Offering, we will be subject to periodic reporting and other informational requirements of the Exchange Act, as applicable to foreign private issuers. Accordingly, we will be required to file reports, including annual reports on Form 20-F, and other information with the SEC. As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the rules of the Exchange Act prescribing the furnishing and content of proxy statements to shareholders under the federal proxy rules contained in Sections 14(a), (b) and (c) of the Exchange Act, and our executive officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act.

The registration statements, reports and other information so filed can be inspected and copied at the public reference facilities maintained by the SEC at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. You can request copies of these documents upon payment of a duplicating fee, by writing to the SEC. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the operation of the public reference rooms. The SEC also maintains a website that contains reports, proxy statements and other information about issuers, such as us, who file electronically with the SEC. The address of that website is http://www.sec.gov. The information on that website is not a part of this prospectus.

No dealers, salesperson or other person is authorized to give any information or to represent anything not contained in this prospectus. You must not rely on any unauthorized information or representations. This prospectus is an offer to sell only the securities offered hereby, but only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is lawful to do so. The information contained in this prospectus is current only as of its date.

See accompanying notes to unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements

See accompanying notes to Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Statements.

See accompanying notes to unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements

On October 23, 2020, the Company, Merger Sub, and Newegg entered into the merger agreement. If the transactions contemplated by the merger agreement are completed, Merger Sub will merge into the Newegg and Newegg will be the surviving entity. The Company will become the 100% owner of the surviving entity. As the consideration of the merger, the Company will issue to all the stockholders of Newegg an aggregate of approximately 363,325,542 common shares. Each issued and outstanding share of Newegg will be exchanged to 5.8417 common shares.

On October 23, 2020, the Company entered into the disposition agreement with the Purchaser and Lianluo Connection. If the transactions contemplated by the disposition agreement are completed, the Company will sell of all of its equity interests in Lianluo Connection, a wholly owned subsidiary, to the Purchaser immediately following completion of the merger for a purchase price of RMB 0.

Immediately after consummation of the merger and disposition, the Company will own 100% of Newegg. The Newegg stockholders will own approximately 99.02% of the Company and existing Company shareholders will own approximately 0.98% of the Company.

The merger will be accounted for as a reverse merger in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Under this method of accounting, the Company will be treated as the “acquired” company for financial reporting purposes. This determination was primarily based on Newegg comprising the ongoing operations of the combined company, Newegg’s senior management comprising the senior management of the combined company and Newegg shareholder having a majority of the voting power of the combined company. For accounting purposes, Newegg will be deemed to be the accounting acquirer in the transaction and, consequently, the transaction will be treated as a recapitalization of Newegg (i.e., a capital transaction involving the issuance of shares by the Company for the stock of Newegg). Accordingly, the consolidated assets, liabilities and results of operations of Newegg will become the historical financial statements of the combined company, and the Company’s assets, liabilities and results of operations will be consolidated with Newegg beginning on the acquisition date.

The unaudited pro forma combined balance sheet as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was derived from Newegg’s consolidated balance sheet and the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The unaudited pro forma combined balance sheet as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 assumes that the merger and disposition were completed on June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

The unaudited pro forma combined statement of operations information for the year ended December 31, 2019 was derived from Newegg’s consolidated statement of operations and the Company’s consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2019. The unaudited pro forma combined statement of operations information for the year ended December 31, 2019assumes that the merger and disposition were completed on January 1, 2019.

The unaudited pro forma combined statement of operations information for the six months ended June 30, 2020 was derived from Newegg’s consolidated statement of operations and the Company’s consolidated statements of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2020. The unaudited pro forma combined statement of operations information for the six months ended June 30, 2020 assumes that the merger and disposition were completed on January 1, 2020.

The pro forma adjustments included in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements are as follows:

The unaudited pro forma combined basic and diluted earnings per share calculations are based on the historical LLIT’s weighted average number of shares outstanding at each periods ended June 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, adjusted by 363,325,542 shares estimated to be issued in connection with the Merger.

This share combination also decreased the Company’s authorized shares to 6,250,000 common shares of par value of $0.021848 each, of which 4,736,111 are designated as Class A common shares and 1,513,889 are designated as Class B common shares.

All outstanding options, warrants and other rights to purchase the Company’s common shares are adjusted proportionately as a result of the share combination. The number of shares authorized for issuance under the Company’s option plans are also proportionately reduced to reflect the share combination.

All share and per share information contained in these unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements has been restated to retroactively show the effect of this share combination.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Lianluo Smart Limited (“Lianluo Smart” or the “Company”) (previously known as “Dehaier Medical Systems Limited”) was incorporated as an international business company under the International Business Companies Act, 1984, in the British Virgin Islands on July 22, 2003. On November 21, 2016, the Company changed its name from Dehaier Medical Systems Limited to Lianluo Smart Limited, and its NASDAQ stock ticker from DHRM to LLIT.

Lianluo Smart distributed and provided after-sale services for medical equipment in China mainly through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Beijing Dehaier Medical Technology Co., Limited (“BDL”).

On February 1, 2016, Lianluo Connection Medical Wearable Device Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (“LCL”) was formed in Beijing, the PRC, for the business development in the portable health device market.

During the late 2015, BDL intended to discontinue part of its product lines among the traditional medical device business, which has been approved by the Board of Resolution on February 22, 2016.

As of June 30, 2020, Lianluo Smart owns 100% of LCL and LCL owns 100% of BDL. As of August 13, 2020, LCL sold BDL to China Mine United Investment Group Co., Ltd. for cash consideration of RMB0.

Lianluo Smart, through its subsidiaries, distributes branded, proprietary medical equipment, such as sleep apnea machines and CPR instruments. Standard product registration, product certification and quality management system have been established; ISO13485 industry standard has also already been passed. Starting from fiscal 2018, the Company has been providing examination service to hospitals and medical centers through its developed medical wearable device. Doctors could refer to examination results provided by such device in making diagnosis regarding Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (“OSAS”).

“Lianluo Smart” or the “Company” collectively refer to Lianluo Smart, a BVI registered company, and its subsidiaries, BDL and LCL as of the date hereof.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”).

In the opinion of the Company, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments, consisting of only normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of its financial position, results of operations and comprehensive loss, cash flows and changes in shareholders’ equity for the interim periods. The financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2019. The unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2019 was derived from the audited annual financial statements, but does not contain all of the footnote disclosures from the annual financial statements.

The interim results for the six months ended June 30, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full fiscal year.

On October 21, 2020, the Company completed a share combination of its common shares at a ratio of one-for-eight, which decreased the Company’s outstanding Class A common shares from 17,685,475 shares to 2,210,683 shares and the Company’s outstanding Class B common shares from 11,111,111 shares to 1,388,888 shares. This share combination also decreased the Company’s authorized shares to 6,250,000 common shares of par value of $0.021848 each, of which 4,736,111 are designated as Class A common shares and 1,513,889 are designated as Class B common shares.

Accordingly, all share and per share information has been restated to retroactively show the effect of this share combination.

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the settlement of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business.

The Company has suffered recurring losses from operations, this condition has raised substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The company recorded a working capital of $4.64 million as of June 30, 2020. In February and March 2020, the Company obtained approximately $7.2 million equity financing. Considering equity financing and the cost cutting activities, the Company believes that the current cash and cash equivalents and the anticipated cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet the anticipated working capital requirements and expenditures for the next 12 months. However, the ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon the Company’s profit generating operations in the future and/or obtaining the necessary financing to meet its obligations and repay its liabilities arising from normal business operations when they become due.

The Company’s principal sources of liquidity have been proceeds from issuances of equity securities and loans from related parties. No assurance can be given that any future financing, if needed, will be available or, if available, that it will be on terms that are satisfactory to the Company. Even if the Company is able to obtain additional financing, if needed, it may contain undue restrictions on its operations, in the case of debt financing, or cause substantial dilution for its stock holders, in the case of equity financing.

These consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts and classification of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as going concern.

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Lianluo Smart and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”). All inter-company transactions and balances are eliminated in consolidation. The results of subsidiaries are recorded in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

A subsidiary is an entity in which (i) the Company directly or indirectly controls more than 50% of the voting power; or (ii) the Company has the power to appoint or remove the majority of the members of the board of directors or to cast a majority of votes at the meeting of the board of directors or to govern the financial and operating policies of the investee pursuant to a statute or under an agreement among the shareholders or equity holders.

The preparation of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Estimates are adjusted to reflect actual experience when necessary. Significant accounting estimates reflected in the Company’s consolidated financial statements include revenue recognition, reserve for doubtful accounts, valuation of inventories, impairment testing of long term assets, warranty obligation, warrants liability, stock-based compensation, useful lives of intangible assets and property and equipment, realization of deferred tax assets and the discount rate used to determine the present value of lease payments. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Leases where substantially all the rewards and risk of assets remain with the leasing company are accounted for as operating leases. Payments made under operating leases are charged to the consolidated statement of operations on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term or estimated economic life of the leased property. The majority of the Company’s leases were short term (less than 12 months) and the Company elected the practical expedient not to record right of use of assets for short term leases.

The Company’s equity securities represent equity investments in Guardion Health Sciences, Inc. (“GHSI”) made in November 2017. The Company holds less than 5% of the GHSI’s total shares. The equity securities were accounted for as non-marketable securities in 2018 on the balance sheets and as marketable securities in 2019 when GHSI went public in April 5, 2019.

As of June 30, 2020, the investment was accounted at fair value with changes recorded through earnings.

ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” requires disclosure of the fair value of financial instruments held by the Company. ASC Topic 825, “Financial Instruments,” defines fair value and establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosures of fair value measurement that enhances disclosure requirements for fair value measures. The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets for receivables and current liabilities each qualify as financial instruments and are a reasonable estimate of their fair values because of the short period of time between the origination of such instruments and their expected realization and their current market rate of interest. The three levels of valuation hierarchy are defined as follows:

Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements for current assets and current liabilities approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these financial instruments.

Investments in listed equity securities were re-measured on a recurring basis, and are categorized within Level 1 under the fair value hierarchy.

The fair value of warrants was determined using the Black Scholes Model, with Level 3 inputs. Investments in a privately held company for which the Company elected to record using the measurement alternative were re-measured on a non-recurring basis, and are categorized within Level 3 under the fair value hierarchy.

Accounts receivable as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 consist of the following:

During the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, bad debts were $29,122 and $4,509 respectively.

Other receivables and prepayments as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 consist of the following:

During the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, bad debts on other receivables and prepayments were deficit $159 and $39,364 respectively.

During the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, write-downs of inventories to lower of cost or net realizable value was $0 and $114, respectively, which were charged as cost of revenues.

Property and equipment as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 consist of the following:

Depreciation were $377,731 and $414,224 for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Company did not record any impairment on its property and equipment for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019.

The lease commitments are for office premises which are classified as operating leases. These non-cancelable leases have lease terms expiring through November 2020.

Lease expense for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 was $45,298 and $177,464 respectively. The lease commitment is $17,753 with a contract maturity date at March 19, 2021. All of Company’s leases were short term (less than 12 months) and the Company elected the practical expedient not to record right of use of assets related to short term leases.

Under the PRC labor law, all employees have signed employment contracts with the Company. Management employees have employment contracts with terms up to three years and non-management employees have either a three-year employment contract renewable on an annual basis or non-fixed term employment contract.

The Company is periodically the subject of various pending or threatened legal actions and claims arising out of its operations in the normal course of business. In the opinion of management of the Company, adequate provision has been made in the Company’s financial statements at June 30, 2020.

From time to time, the Company may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings, which arise, in the ordinary course of business. However, litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, and an adverse result in these, or other matters, may arise from time to time that may harm our business. Other than the legal proceeding set forth below, the Company is currently not aware of any such legal proceedings or claims that the Company believe will have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or operating results.

In 2019, Beijing Dehaier and Lianluo Connection terminated employment of over 50 employees due to business restructuring. As of December 31, 2019, 34 of these laid-off employees filed complaints with Beijing Changping District Employment Dispute Arbitration Commission and Beijing Shijingshan District Employment Dispute Arbitration Commission, claiming that Beijing Dehaier and Lianluo Connection failed to pay them, among others, certain salaries, overtime fees and compensations. As of December 31, 2019, the Arbitration Commissions issued arbitral awards with respect to 30 of the 34 employees; Beijing Dehaier and Lianluo Connection had paid off 23 of the 30 employees who had applied for enforcement of the arbitral awards and intend to pay the additional seven employees an aggregate of approximately RMB 310,000 (approximately $44,423) according to entered arbitral awards. As regards the total expenses pertaining to this lay-off, the Company recorded liabilities of RMB979,716 (approximately $140,393) in employment termination compensations and RMB2.99 million (approximately $428,467) in unpaid salaries in 2019, of which the Company had paid off RMB3,346,453 (approximately $475,866) as of June 30, 2020.

In 2020, Beijing Dehaier and Lianluo Connection have terminated the employment of additional 25 employees due to the business downturn. Most of these former employees filed complaints with Beijing Changping District Employment Dispute Arbitration Commission and Beijing Shijingshan District Employment Dispute Arbitration Commission, respectively, claiming that Beijing Dehaier and Lianluo Connection failed to pay them, among others, certain salaries, overtime fees and compensations upon terminations. As of June 30, 2020, Beijing Dehaier and Lianluo Connection have entered into settlement agreements with 15 of these former employees and settled disputes through negotiations with the rest of these employees. The total settlement amount for the 25 employees was RMB3,332,405 (approximately $473,868) and about RMB1,493,225 (approximately $212,337) has been paid off.

On May 9, 2019, Tianjin Wuqing Bohai Printing Co., Ltd., or Wuqing Bohai, filed an arbitration application with Beijing Arbitration Commission against Beijing Dehaier, claiming that Beijing Dehaier failed to pay for goods in accordance with purchase contracts entered into with Wuqing Bohai in 2017 and 2018 and requested Beijing Dehaier to pay Wuqing Bohai an amount of RMB119,770 (approximately $17,450), plus RMB10,000 (approximately $1,457) to cover the expenses of keeping goods that Beijing Dehaier failed to accept. On June 5, 2019, Beijing Dehaier submitted an answer to compliant, noting that it had not received some of the goods under the contracts and Wuqing Bohai failed to provide invoices for some of the goods allegedly received by Beijing Dehaier. Beijing Dehaier submitted that it should only be responsible for the purchase value of RMB48,450 (approximately $7,059). On March 6, 2020, the Beijing Arbitration Commission entered an award, ordering that Beijing Dehaier pay Wuqing Bohai the disputed amount of RMB119,770 (approximately $17,203) and an arbitration fee of RMB10,443 (approximately $1,500) by March 24, 2020 and dismissed other claims of Wuqing Bohai. In May 2020, Beijing Dehaier paid off the disputed amount and the arbitration fee under the case.

The following is a reconciliation of the basic and diluted loss per share computation for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019:

For the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, all the outstanding warrants and options were anti-dilutive.

In addition to the transactions and balances disclosed elsewhere in these financial statements, the Company had the following material related party transactions:

On May 20, 2019 the Company borrowed $90,000 from Digital Grid for a term of 12 months.

As of June 30, 2019, the Company owed a net principal of $4,345 to Digital Grid.

From November to December 2019, the Company borrowed $28,000 from Digital Grid, for a term of 12 months.

As of June 30, 2020, the Company owed a net principal of $33,000 to Digital Grid.

For the six months ended June 30, 2020, one customer accounted for approximately 87% of the Company’s revenues. For the six months ended June 30, 2019, two customers each accounted for approximately 33% and 24%, respectively, of the Company’s revenues.

No other customer accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019.

For the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, the sole supplier accounted for 100% of the Company’s purchases.

Under the employee stock option plan, the Company’s stock options generally expire ten years from the date of grant.

As of June 30, 2020, all outstanding options have been vested. For the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company recognized $0 and $69,177 respectively, as compensation expense under its stock option plan.

On April 28, 2016, the Company signed Share Purchase Agreement (“SPA”) with HLI. In this SPA, HLI received warrants to acquire from the Company 125,000 Class B common shares at exercise price of $17.60 per share and exercisable by HLI at any time.

There was a total of 125,000 warrants to purchase Class B common shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

The fair value of the outstanding warrants was calculated using the Black Scholes Model with the following assumptions:

The following is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of warrants liability measured at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs:

From February to March 2020, the Company consummated three registered direct offerings of 1,373,750 Class A Common Shares and concurrent private placements of warrants to purchase up to 1,373,750 Class A Common Shares with three investors.

As of the date hereof, there are outstanding warrants to purchase an aggregate of 1,373,750 Class A common shares, exercisable for five and one-half years since the respective date of issuance and subject to full ratchet anti-dilution protection. The table below shows the exercise price, floor price, issuance date and expiration date for these warrants.

In accordance with ASC 815-40, the Company accounted for the Warrants as equity instruments.

The Company has a borrowing of $918,450 due to HLI as of June 30, 2020. The loans due at July 18, July 21, and August 6, 2020, totaling $211,950, were extended, interest-free and without specific repayment date, which is based upon both parties’ agreement as of the date of this report.

During 2019, DGHKT borrowed from the Company loans of principal amounts of $85,000 for a term of 12 months, and the Company borrowed $118,000 from DGHKT for a term of 12 months. On July 14, 2020, the Company repaid a net principal of $33,000 to DGHKT.

On August 17, 2020, the outstanding amount of $42,000 in service charge payable to HLI’s subsidiary was repaid by the Company.

On August 12, 2020, Mr. Zhitao He resigned from his positions as Chief Executive Officer and director of the Company. Mr. He’s resignation was not a result of any disagreement with the Company on any matter relating to the Company’s operations, policies or practices. On August 25, 2020, Mr. Bin Lin was appointed as Chief Executive Officer, a director and Chairman of the Company.

On August 13, 2020, Lianluo Connection entered into a Share Transfer Agreement (the “Agreement”) with China Mine United Investment Group Co., Ltd. (“China Mine”), pursuant to which Lianluo Connection transfers its 100% equity interests in its wholly-owned PRC subsidiary Beijing Dehaier to China Mine for cash consideration of RMB 0. In exchange for all of the equity interests in Beijing Dehaier, China Mine agrees to assume all liabilities of Beijing Dehaier.

Newegg Inc. (“Newegg” or the “Company”) is an electronics-focused e-retailer that offers customers a comprehensive selection of the latest consumer electronics products, detailed product descriptions and images, “how-to” information, and customer reviews via its websites. The Company’s strategic focus is based on three key areas: (1) providing a differentiated and superior online shopping experience, (2) offering reliable and timely product fulfillment, and (3) delivering superior customer service.

The Company was incorporated as Newegg Computers in the state of California on February 4, 2000. In June 2005, Newegg Inc. was incorporated in the state of Delaware. On September 29, 2005, Newegg Computers was merged into Newegg Inc. under Delaware law with Newegg Inc. being the surviving company.

In August 2016, the Company entered into a share purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with Hangzhou Liaison Interactive Information Technology Co., Ltd, (“Liaison”), a publicly traded company in China. The transaction was completed on March 30, 2017. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, Liaison purchased 490,706 shares of Class A Common Stock and 12,782,546 shares of Series A convertible Preferred Stock from existing shareholders for a total consideration of $91.9 million. Additionally, the Company issued, and Liaison purchased, 24,870,027 shares of Series AA Convertible Preferred Stock for a total consideration of $172.2 million. Upon the close of this transaction, Liaison, through Digital Grid (Hong Kong) Technology Co., Limited (“Digital Grid”), a fully-owned subsidiary of Liaison, became the majority owner of the Company. See Note 12 –Convertible Preferred Stock for further discussion about the Company’s accounting treatment for this transaction.

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and include the accounts of all consolidated subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Estimates are used for, but not limited to, revenue recognition, incentives earned from vendors, investment valuation, and stock-based compensation. Actual results could differ from such estimates.

As of June 30, 2020, the effects of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic on our business, results of operations, and financial condition continue to evolve. As a result, many of our estimates and assumptions required increased judgment and carry a higher degree of variabilities and volatility. As additional information become available, our estimates may change materially in future periods.

Effective January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), as amended (“ASU 2016-02”), which requires lessees to recognize a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and lease liabilities on the balance sheet for most lease arrangements and expands disclosures about leasing agreements, among other items. The Company adopted ASU 2016-02 using the modified retrospective transition approach through a cumulative-effect adjustment, which after completing the implementation analysis, resulted in no adjustment to the Company’s January 1, 2019 beginning retained earnings balance. On January 1, 2019, the Company recognized $26.4 million of ROU operating lease assets and $28.7 million of operating lease liabilities, including noncurrent operating lease liabilities of $21.0 million, as a result of the adoption. The difference between the ROU operating lease assets and the operating lease liabilities was primarily due to previously accrued rent expense relating to periods prior to January 1, 2019, and the remaining prepaid rent balance as of December 31, 2018. The adoption of ASU 2016-02 did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations or cash flows.

As part of the adoption, the Company elected the package of practical expedients, which among other things, permits the Company to not reassess whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, the lease classification for any expired or existing leases, and the initial direct costs for any existing leases. The Company also elected the practical expedient to not assess whether existing land easements that were not previously accounted for as lease are or contain a lease under the new guidance. The Company did not elect the hindsight practice expedient to use hindsight when determining lease term and assessing impairment of ROU lease assets. See Note 9 – Lease Obligations.

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform with the current period presentation.

Cash and cash equivalents consist primarily of cash on deposit, certificates of deposit, and money market accounts. Cash equivalents are all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less. Amounts receivable from credit card processors are also considered cash equivalents as they are both short term and highly liquid in nature, and are typically converted to cash within three business days. Amounts due to the Company from credit card processors that are classified as cash and cash equivalents totaled $13.2 million and $9.2 million at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

Restricted cash includes amounts deposited in commercial bank time deposits and money market accounts to collateralize the Company’s deposit obligations. The Company considers restricted cash related to obligations classified as current liabilities to be current assets and restricted cash related to obligations classified as long-term liabilities as noncurrent assets. At June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had $0.8 million and $0.8 million, respectively, in restricted cash, primarily related to collateralization required pursuant to a lease agreement and the restricted cash account required under the Company’s health insurance plan. The restricted cash balance is classified as a current asset in the consolidated balance sheets.

The following is a reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported within the consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total of the same such amounts shown in the consolidated statements of cash flows (in thousands):

Accounts receivable consist primarily of vendor receivables, which do not bear interest, and represent amounts due for marketing development funds, cooperative advertising, price protection and other incentive programs offered to the Company by certain vendors. Accounts receivable also include receivables from business customers on 30- to 60-day credit terms. The Company estimates an allowance for doubtful accounts based on historical experience and other factors. Accounts receivable are written off when deemed uncollectible. Recoveries of accounts receivable previously written off are recorded when received. Amounts receivable from business customers were $15.6 million and $14.6 million, net of allowances of $0.1 million and $0.1 million, at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. See further discussion of amounts receivable related to vendor incentive programs under Incentives Earned from Vendors below.

Inventories, consisting of products available for sale, are accounted for using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method and are valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value. In-bound freight-related costs are included as part of the cost of merchandise held for resale. In addition, certain vendor payments are deducted from the cost of merchandise held for resale. The Company records an inventory provision for refurbished, slow-moving, or obsolete inventories based on historical experience and assumptions of future demand for product. These allowances are released when the related inventory is sold or disposed of. Amounts of inventory allowances were $4.1 million and $3.7 million, as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

Property and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated amortization and depreciation computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of each asset. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of the remaining lease term or the estimated useful life of the assets. Expenditures for repair and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred, and expenditures for major renewals and improvements are capitalized. Costs incurred during the application development stage of internal-use software and website development are capitalized and included in property and equipment. When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation or amortization are removed from the accounts, and any gain or loss is reflected in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. The useful lives for depreciable assets are as follows:

The Company defines lease agreements at their inception as either operating or finance leases depending on certain defined criteria. Certain lease agreements may entitle the Company to receive rent holidays, other incentives, or periodic payment increases over the lease term. Accordingly, rent expense under operating leases is recognized on the straight-line basis over the original lease term, inclusive of predetermined minimum rent escalations or modifications and rent holidays.

The Company evaluates the recoverability of long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The impairment test comprises two steps. The first step compares the carrying amount of the asset to the sum of expected undiscounted future cash flows. If the sum of expected undiscounted future cash flows exceeds the carrying amount of the asset, no impairment is taken. If the sum of expected undiscounted future cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset, a second step is warranted and an impairment loss is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its fair value calculated using the present value of estimated net future cash flows. There have been no impairment losses recognized by the Company for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Investments are accounted for using the equity method if the investment provides the Company has the ability to exercise significant influence, but not control, over an investee. Significant influence is generally deemed to exist if the Company has an ownership interest in the voting stock of the investee between 20% and 50%, although other factors are considered in determining whether the equity method is appropriate. Also, investments in limited partnerships of more than 3% to 5% are generally viewed as more than minor and are accounted for using the equity method.

The investments for which the Company is not able to exercise significant influence over the investee and which do not have readily determinable fair values were accounted for under the cost method prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-01 Financial Instruments-Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. Subsequent to the adoption of this standard as of January 1, 2018, the Company has elected the measurement alternative to measure such investments at cost, less any impairment, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer.

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. To increase the comparability of fair value measures, a three-tier fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. These tiers include Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets; Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exist, therefore, requiring the Company to develop its own assumptions to determine the best estimate of fair value.

The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued and other liabilities approximate fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments. The carrying amounts of long-term debt and line of credit at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 approximates fair value because the interest rate approximates the current market interest rate. The fair value of these financial instruments was determined using level 2 input.

Comprehensive loss consists of net loss and adjustments to stockholders’ equity for foreign currency translation adjustments. Accumulated other comprehensive loss consists entirely of foreign currency translation adjustments. The tax impact is not material to the consolidated financial statements.

The Company adopted Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09 Revenue From Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) as of January 1, 2018. Revenue recognition is evaluated through the following five step process:

4. Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and

Revenue is recognized when control of a promised product or service transfers to a customer, in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring those products or services. Revenue is recognized net of sales taxes and discounts. The Company primarily generates revenue through product sales on its platforms and through fees earned for facilitating marketplace transactions and extended warranty sales on its platforms.

The Company recognizes revenue on product sales at a point in time to customers when control of the product passes to the customer upon delivery to the customer or when service is provided. The Company fulfills orders with its owned inventory or with inventory sourced through its suppliers. The vast majority of the Company’s product sales are fulfilled from its owned inventory. The amount recognized in revenue represents the expected consideration to be received in exchange for such goods or services. For orders fulfilled with inventory sourced through the Company’s suppliers, and where the products are shipped directly by the Company’s supplier to the Company’s customer, the Company evaluates the criteria outlined in ASC 606-10-55, Principal versus Agent Considerations, in determining whether revenue should be recognized on a gross or net basis. The Company determined that it is the principal in these transactions as it controls the specific good before it is transferred to the customer. The Company is the entity responsible for fulfilling the promise to provide the specified good to the customer and takes responsibility for the acceptability of the goods, assumes inventory risk before the specified good has been transferred to the customer or after transfer of control to the customer, has discretion in establishing the price, and selects the suppliers of products sold. The Company accounts for product sales under these arrangements on a gross basis upon receipt of the product by the customer. Product sales exceeded 95% of consolidated net sales for six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019.

The Company generally requires payment by credit card upon placement of an order, and to a limited extent, grants credit to business customers on 30- to 60-day terms. Shipping and handling is considered a fulfillment activity, as it takes place before the customer obtains controls of the good. Amounts billed to customers for shipping and handling are included in net sales upon completion of the performance obligation.

The Company’s product sales contracts include terms that could cause variability in the transaction price such as sales returns and credit card chargebacks. As such, the transaction price for product sales includes estimates of variable consideration to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of revenue recognized will not occur. Sales are reported net of estimated returns and allowances and credit card chargebacks, based on historical experience.

The Company also earns fees for facilitating marketplace transactions and extended warranty sales on its platforms. For marketplace transactions, the Company’s websites host third-party sellers and the Company also provides the payment processing function. The Company recognizes revenue upon sale of products made available through its marketplace store. The Company is not the principal in this arrangement and does not control the specific goods sold to the customer. The Company reports the net amount earned as commissions, which are determined using a fixed percentage of the sales price or fixed reimbursement amount. The Company also offers extended warranty programs for various products on behalf of an unrelated third party. The Company reports the net amount earned as revenue at the time of sale, as it is not the principal in this arrangement and does not control the specific goods sold to the customer.

The Company offers its customers the opportunity to purchase goods and services on its website using deferred financing promotional programs provided by a third-party financing company. These programs include an option to make no payments for a period of six, twelve, eighteen or twenty-four months. The third-party financing company makes all decisions to extend credit to the customer under a separate agreement with the customer, owns all such receivables from the customer, assumes all risk of collection, and has no recourse to the Company in the event the customer does not pay. The third-party financing company pays the Company for the purchase price on behalf of the customer, less certain transaction fees. Accordingly, sales generated through these programs are not reflected in the Company’s receivables once payment is received from the third-party financing company. The transaction fee paid by the Company to the third-party financing company is recognized as a reduction of revenue. These transaction fees for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 were immaterial.

To the extent that the Company sells its products on third-party platforms, the Company incurs incremental contract acquisition costs in the form of sales commissions paid to the platforms. The commissions are generally determined based on the sales price and an agreed-upon commission rate. The Company elects the practical expedient under Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09 Revenue From Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) to recognize sales commission as an expense as incurred, as the amortization period of the asset that the Company otherwise would have recognized is less than one year.

The Company has three types of contractual liabilities: (1) amounts collected, or amounts invoiced and due, related to product sales where receipt of the product by the customer has not yet occurred or revenue cannot be recognized. Such amounts are recorded in the consolidated balance sheets as deferred revenue and are recognized when the applicable revenue recognition criteria have been satisfied. For all of the product sales, the Company ships a large volume of packages through multiple carriers. Actual delivery dates may not always be available and as such, the Company estimates delivery dates as needed based on historical data. (2) amounts collected for the Company’s Premier membership services, which are typically paid upfront for membership benefits over a 3-month, 6-month, or 12-month period, including free 3-day shipping, free return, rush processing and dedicated customers services. Such amounts were initially recorded as deferred revenue and were recognized as revenue ratably over the subscription period. The Company discontinued its Premier membership services in 2019, resulting in no balance of deferred revenue related to this program as of December 31, 2019. The amount of deferred revenue related to the Premier membership services was immaterial as of December 31, 2018. (3) unredeemed gift cards, which are initially recorded as deferred revenue and are recognized in the period they are redeemed. Subject to governmental agencies escheat requirements, certain gift cards not expected to be redeemed, also known as “breakage”, are recognized as revenue based on the historical redemption pattern. These gift cards breakage revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 were immaterial.

Deferred revenue totaled $37.0 million and $25.9 million at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company recognized $23.1 million of net revenue included in deferred revenue at December 31, 2019. During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company recognized $31.6 million of net revenue included in deferred revenue at December 31, 2018.

The Company’s cost of sales represents the purchase price of the products it sells to its customers, offset by incentives earned from vendors, including marketing development funds and other vendor incentive programs. See further discussion of vendor payments under Incentives Earned from Vendors below. Cost of sales also includes freight-in and freight-out costs and charges related to refurbished, slow-moving, or obsolete inventory.

The Company records revenue for shipping and handling billed to its customers. Shipping and handling revenue totaled approximately $15.7 million and $8.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

The related shipping and handling costs are included in cost of sales. Shipping and handling costs totaled approximately $35.6 million and $30.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

The Company participates in various vendor incentive programs that include, but are not limited to, purchasing-based volume discounts, sales-based volume incentives, marketing development funds, including for certain cooperative advertising, and price protection agreements. Vendor incentives are recognized in the consolidated statements of operations as an offset to marketing and promotional expenses to the extent that they represent reimbursement of advertising costs incurred by the Company on behalf of the vendors that are specific, incremental, and identifiable. Reimbursements that are in excess of such costs and all other vendor incentive programs are accounted for as a reduction of cost of sales, or if the related product inventory is still on hand at the reporting date, inventory is reduced in the consolidated balance sheets.

The Company reduced cost of sales by $53.7 million and $72.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, for these vendor incentive programs. Reductions to advertising and promotional expenses related to direct reimbursements for costs incurred in advertising vendors’ products totaled $0.6 million and $0.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Amounts receivable related to vendor incentive programs were $19.4 million and $34.8 million, net of allowances of $0.2 million and $0.5 million, at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Amounts due to the Company are included in accounts receivable in the consolidated balance sheets.

Selling, general, and administrative expenses primarily consist of marketing and advertising expenses, sales commission, credit card processing fees, payroll and related benefits, depreciation and amortization, professional fees, litigation costs, rent expense, information technology expenses, warehouse costs, office expenses, and other general corporate costs.

Advertising and promotional expenses are charged to operations when incurred and are included in selling, general, and administrative expenses. Advertising and promotional expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 were $11.7 million and $15.3 million, respectively.

The measurement and recognition of compensation expense for all stock-based payment awards made to employees and directors, including employee stock options and restricted stock, is based on estimated fair value of the awards on the date of grant. The value of awards that are ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service periods in the consolidated statements of operations. See Note 13 – Stock-Based Compensation for further information about the Company’s stock compensation plans.

The Company is subject to federal and state income taxes in the United States and taxes in foreign jurisdictions. In accordance with ASC Topic 740, the Company uses the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under the asset and liability method, deferred taxes are determined based on the temporary differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities, using tax rates expected to be in effect during the years in which the bases differences are expected to reverse. A valuation allowance is established against deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

The Company recognizes the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained upon examination by the taxing authorities based on the technical merits of the position. The Company measures the recognized tax benefit as the largest amount of tax benefit that has greater than a 50% likelihood of being realized upon the ultimate settlement with a taxing authority. The Company reverses a previously recognized tax benefit if it determines that the tax position no longer meets the more-likely-than-not threshold of being sustained. The Company accrues interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense.

The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalents in bank deposit accounts which, at times, may exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and does not believe it is exposed to any significant credit risk from cash and cash equivalents.

For the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company had no individual customers that accounted for greater than 10% of net sales.

The Company purchases its products on credit terms from vendors located primarily in the United States. For both the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company’s cumulative annual purchases from one vendor was 12.5% and 12.1% of total purchases, respectively. The majority of products that the Company sells are available through multiple channels.

The Company has receivables due from vendors related to its advertising and promotional programs and receivables due from business customers with credit terms. As of June 30, 2020, the Company’s receivables from three vendors were 19.4%, 14.6%, and 14.1% of net receivables, and no receivables from business customers with credit terms exceeded 10% of net receivables. As of December 31, 2019, the Company’s receivables from one vendor was 22.1% of net receivables, and no receivable from business customers with credit terms exceeded 10% of net receivables.

The financial statements of foreign subsidiaries and affiliates where the local currency is the functional currency are translated into U.S. dollars using exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date for assets and liabilities and average exchange rates during the year for revenues and expenses. Any gain or loss on currency translation is included in stockholders’ equity as accumulated other comprehensive income.

Under the Company’s current certificate of incorporation, Series A convertible Preferred Stock is convertible at the holder’s option into Class A Common Stock by dividing the Series A Original Issue Price by the Series A Conversion Price in effect at the time of conversion. Similarly, each share of Series AA convertible Preferred Stock is convertible at the holder’s option into Class A Common Stock by dividing the sum of the Series AA Original Issue Price plus any dividends declared but unpaid thereon by the Series AA Conversion Price in effect at the time of conversion. Further, upon the date of an IPO, all outstanding shares of Series A convertible Preferred Stock and Series AA convertible Preferred Stock shall automatically be converted into shares of Class B Common Stock at the then-effective conversion rate. Finally, upon a date (prior to the date of an IPO) specified by vote or written consent of at least a majority of the then outstanding shares of Series A convertible Preferred Stock, all outstanding shares of Series A convertible Preferred Stock shall automatically be converted into shares of Class A Common Stock at the then effective conversation rate. Upon a date (prior to the date of an IPO) specified by vote or written consent of at least a majority of the then outstanding shares of Series AA convertible Preferred Stock, all outstanding shares of Series AA convertible Preferred Stock shall automatically be converted into shares of Class A Common Stock at the then effective conversation rate. The Company’s current certificate of incorporation also allows the Series A convertible Preferred Stock and Series AA convertible Preferred Stock to be redeemed upon certain defined deemed liquidation events. As the possible redemption of these shares was outside of the control of the Company, the carrying amount of the Series A and AA convertible preferred stocks were classified as temporary equity. The transactions and the carrying amount of the Series A and AA convertible preferred stocks were reclassified to temporary equity retrospectively for year 2018 to conform with year 2019 presentation. The Series A and Series AA convertible Preferred Stocks were initially recorded at their original issuance amounts, net of direct third-party costs incurred in connection with issuance.

The Company’s financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis include cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash. The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash approximate their fair value.

The Company’s financial assets that are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis when impairment is identified include equity method investment and investment in equity securities without readily determinable fair value not accounted for under the equity method. The fair values of these investments are determined based on valuation techniques using the best information available, and may include quoted market prices, market comparable, and discounted cash flow projections. An impairment charge is recorded when the cost of the investment exceeds its fair value. This is considered a Level 3 fair value measurement. See Note 5 – Investment for further information regarding the fair value measurement of these investments.

The fair value of accounts receivables approximates carrying value due to the short-term maturities.

The Company’s loans to affiliate, loans from affiliate, line of credit and long-term debt are carried at cost with fair value disclosed, if required. The fair value of the amounts outstanding under the line of credit and long-term debt with a floating interest rate approximates the carrying value due primarily to the variable nature of the interest rate of the instruments, which is considered a Level 2 fair value measurement. The fair value of the amounts outstanding under loans to affiliate, and line of credit with a fixed interest rate is estimated based on the discounted amount of the contractual future cash flows using an appropriate discount rate. This is considered a Level 3 fair value measurement. The following is a summary of the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of these financial instruments as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (in thousands):

Depreciation and amortization expense associated with property and equipment was $4.5 million and $5.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

In September 2019, the Company entered into a sale leaseback transaction for one of its real estate properties in the United States. The Company sold the property for gross proceeds of $38.5 million, and recognized a gain of $28.8 million from the transaction, which is included as other operating income in its consolidated statements of operations. The Company concurrently leased back the property from the buyer under a lease agreement for ten years, resulting in ROU lease asset of $14.1 million and a lease liability of $13.9 million as of the lease commencement date.

On April 17, 2018, the Company acquired an equity interest in Mountain Capital Fund L.P. (“Mountain”) from Pegasus View Global Ltd., an international business company incorporated in the Republic of Seychelles (“Pegasus”), which is a related party. Mountain is an exempted limited partnership registered under the partnership law in the Cayman Islands and primarily engages in investing. The Company’s equity interest in Mountain was limited to 50% of Mountain’s investment in One97 Communications Limited and PayTM E-Commerce Private Limited (collectively, the “Mountain Investment”). In addition to the $43.0 million initial investment made during 2018, the purchase price in this transaction included a contingent consideration of up to $7.0 million upon satisfaction of certain conditions described in the purchase agreement. The Company evaluated the Mountain Investment under the variable interest model and the voting interest model and concluded that Mountain Capital Fund L.P. is not a variable interest entity and no consolidation is needed under either the variable interest model or the voting interest model. The Company recorded an estimate of contingent consideration payable of $7.0 million as of the acquisition date.

Mountain sold a portion of its investment in One97 Communications Limited (“One97”) to various third-party buyers during the six months ended June 30, 2019, and sold the rest of its investment in One97 in the six months ended December 31, 2019, which resulted in the Company’s disposal of all of its investment in One97. The Company recorded a gain on the equity method investment in Mountain of $24.1million for the six months ended June 30, 2019. As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the carrying value of the Company’s investment in Mountain was $6.5 million, and the Company’s ownership percentage in Mountain was approximately 8.0%. As Mountain is a limited partnership, the Company continues accounting for the Mountain Investment under the equity method as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 and for the periods then ended.

See Note 17 – Related Party Transactions for further information regarding this transaction.

In August 2018, the Company purchased 11,506,695 Series B+ Preferred shares in Bitmain Technologies Holding Company, a privately-held company incorporated in the Cayman Islands, for a total consideration of $15.0 million. Bitmain Technologies Holding Company and its subsidiaries (together “Bitmain”) primarily designs and sells cryptocurrency mining hardware, operate cryptocurrency mining pools, and provide mining farm services. As this represents an investment in equity securities without readily determinable fair values, the Company elected the measurement alternative under ASU 2016-01 to measure this investment at cost, less any impairment, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer.

The Company reviewed the investment in Bitmain for impairment as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, by evaluating if events or circumstances have occurred that may have a significant adverse effect on the fair value of the investment. The Company concluded there were no impairment indicators as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. In the absence of observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, the carrying value of the investment remained at $15.0 million as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

There was no impairment loss on cost method investments for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019.

In July 2018, the Company entered into a credit agreement with several financial institutions that provided a revolving credit facility of up to $100.0 million with a maturity date of July 27, 2021. Prior to July 27, 2020 and subject to certain terms and conditions, the Maximum Revolving Advance Amount, as defined in the loan agreement, could be increased up to $140.0 million. The revolving credit facility includes a letter of credit sublimit of $25.0 million, which can be used to issue standby and trade letters of credit, and a $10.0 million sublimit for swingline loans. Advances from this line of credit will be subject to interest at LIBOR plus the Applicable Margin, as defined in the loan agreement, or the Alternate Base Rate (to be defined as the highest of the financial institution’s prime rate, the Overnight Bank Funding Rate plus 0.50%, or the daily LIBOR plus 1.0%) plus the Applicable Margin. For LIBOR loans, the Company may select interest periods of one, two, or three months. Interest on LIBOR loans shall be payable at the end of the selected interest period. Interest on Alternate Base Rate loans is payable monthly. The line of credit is guaranteed by certain of the Company’s U.S. subsidiaries and is collateralized by certain of the assets of the Company. Such assets include all receivables, equipment and fixtures, general intangibles, inventory, subsidiary stock, securities, investment property, and financial assets, contract rights, and ledger sheets, as defined in the loan agreement. To maintain availability of funds under the loan agreement, the Company will pay on a quarterly basis, an unused commitment fee of either 0.25% of the difference between the amount available and the amount outstanding under the facility if the difference is less than one-third of the Maximum Revolving Advance Amount or 0.40% of the difference between the amount available and the amount outstanding under the facility if the difference is equal to or greater than one-third of the Maximum Revolving Advance Amount. As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there was no balance outstanding under this line of credit. The credit facility contains customary covenants, including covenants that limit or restrict the Company’s ability to incur capital expenditures and lease payments, make certain investments, enter into certain related-party transactions, and pay dividends. The credit facility also requires the Company to maintain certain minimum financial ratios and maintain operation banking relationship with the financial institutions. As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company was in compliance with all financial covenants related to the line of credit.

In July 2015, the Company entered into a credit agreement with a financial institution that provided for a revolving credit facility of up to $5.0 million with a maturity date of no later than August 26, 2016. The Company extended the maturity date of this credit agreement to October 24, 2020. Advances from this line of credit are subject to interest at a floating interest rate of the one-year savings account plus 0.63% not to be lower than 1.62% per annum. The interest rate was equivalent to 1.72% as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. The line of credit is guaranteed by one of the Company’s China subsidiaries and is collateralized by a real estate asset of that subsidiary. As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there was $5.1 million and $4.9 million, respectively, outstanding under this line of credit.

In May 2018, the Company entered into a credit agreement with a financial institution that provided for a revolving credit facility of up to $3.6 million with a maturity date of May 14, 2019. Advances from this line of credit are subject to a fixed interest rate of 5.22% per annum. The line of credit is guaranteed by one of the Company’s China subsidiaries and is collateralized by the foreign bank deposit assets of the same subsidiary. This credit agreement expired in May 2019.

In March 2019, the Company entered into a credit agreement with a financial institution that provided for a revolving credit facility of $3.6 million with a maturity date of September 19, 2019. Advances from this line of credit were subject to interest at a floating interest rate of the Loan Prime Rate, as defined in the credit agreement, times 142%. This credit facility is collateralized by all of the assets of one of the Company’s subsidiaries in China. This credit agreement expired in September 2019.

In December 2019, the Company entered into a credit agreement with a financial institution that provided for a revolving credit facility of $1.4 million. Advances from this line of credit were subject to a fixed interest rate of 6.09% per annum. The line of credit is collateralized by a real estate asset of that subsidiary. As of both June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there was $1.4 million outstanding under this line of credit.

The Company has entered into various loans with financial institutions. Long-term debt consisted of the following (in thousands):

In March 2018, the Company entered into a long-term revolving loan agreement with a financial institution that provided a revolving credit facility of up to $13.0 million with a maturity date of March 8, 2020 (the “Credit Facility”). For each calendar quarter during the term of this credit agreement, advances from the Credit Facility are subject to an interest rate of either the Wall Street Journal Prime Rate or LIBOR-Based Rate, as defined in the loan agreement, at the Company’s option. The LIBOR-Based Rate may be calculated as either LIBOR plus 2.75% if the Compensating Deposits, as defined in the credit agreement, are less than $15.0 million as a daily average for the previous calendar quarter or LIBOR plus 2.5% if the Compensating Deposits equal at least $15.0 million as a daily average for the previous calendar quarter. The Credit Facility was collateralized by a real estate asset of the Company, and contained customary covenants, including covenants that limit or restrict the Company’s ability to incur indebtedness, capital expenditures and lease payments, make certain investments and enter into certain related-party transactions. Additionally, there was a requirement to maintain minimum liquidity (to be defined as cash or cash equivalents and securities that are readily marketable and are not subject to any lien, claim, encumbrance, charge or any other restriction) of $35.0 million during the term of the Credit Facility. The Company paid off the loan in full during 2019.

In 2013, the Company entered into a term loan agreement with a financial institution for $4.1 million with a maturity date of November 26, 2028 (the “Term Loan”). The Term Loan bears a floating interest rate of the one-year savings account plus 0.43% per annum in the first two years and a floating interest rate of the one-year savings account plus 0.61% per annum for the remaining of the term, not to be lower than 1.8% during the entire term. The interest rate was equivalent to 1.98% as of June 30, 2020. The Term Loan is collateralized by a first position security interest in a floor of an office building owned by the Company in Taiwan.

Aggregate maturities of long-term debt, excluding unamortized debt issuance costs, were as follows (in thousands) as of June 30, 2020:

The Company leases certain office and warehouse facilities and warehouse equipment under various noncancelable operating leases. The Company is also committed under the terms of certain of these operating lease agreements to pay property taxes, insurance, utilities, and maintenance costs. See Note 4 – Property and Equipment, net for disclosure for sales and leaseback transaction.

Most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate that can be readily determined. Therefore, the Company uses a discount rate based on its incremental borrowing rate, which is determined using its credit rating and information available as of the commencement date. The Company’s operating lease agreements may include options to extend the lease term. The Company made an accounting policy election to exclude options that are not reasonably certain of exercise when determining the term of the borrowing in the assessment of the incremental borrowing rate. Additionally, the Company also made an accounting policy election to not separate lease and non-lease components of a contract, and to recognize the lease payments under short-term leases as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term without recognizing the lease liability and the ROU lease asset.

The Company evaluates whether its contractual arrangements contain leases at the inception of such arrangements. Specially, the Company considers whether it can control the underlying asset and have the right to obtain substantially all of the economic benefits or outputs from the assets. Substantially all of its leases are long-term operating leases with fixed payment terms. The Company does not have significant financing leases. Its ROU operating lease assets represent the right to use an underlying asset for the lease term, and its operating lease liabilities represent the obligation to make lease payments. ROU operating lease assets are recorded in other noncurrent assets in the consolidated balance sheet. Operating lease liabilities are recorded in other current liabilities or other noncurrent liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets based on their contractual due dates.

The Company’s operating lease liability is recognized as of the lease commencement date at the present value of the lease payments over the lease term. The Company’s ROU operating lease asset is recognized as of the lease commencement date at the amount of the corresponding lease liability, adjusted for prepaid lease payments, lease incentives received, and initial direct costs incurred. The Company evaluates its ROU lease assets for impairment consistent with its impairment of long-lived assets policy. See Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.

Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term, and is included in selling, general, and administrative expenses in the consolidated statement of operations. Operating lease expense totaled $8.0 million and $5.8 million, respectively, for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019. Cash payments made for operating leases totaled $7.3 million during the six months ended June 30, 2020, which were included in cash flows from operating activities in the consolidated statement of cash flows. As of June 30, 2020, the Company’s ROU operating lease assets were $31.5 million, and its operating lease liabilities were $33.0 million, of which $24.6 million was classified as non-current. As of December 31, 2019, the Company’s ROU operating lease assets were $38.1 million, and its operating lease liabilities were $39.2 million, of which $30.6 million was classified as non-current. New ROU operating lease assets and liabilities entered into during 2019 were $21.3 million and $20.9 million, respectively. No new ROU operating lease assets and liabilities entered into during the six months ended June 30, 2020. The Company’s weighted average remaining lease term and the discount rate for its operating leases were approximately 5.9 years and 5.04% at June 30, 2020, and 6.06 years and 5.06% at December 31, 2019.

The Company has certain sublease arrangements for some of the leased office and warehouse facilities. Sublease rental income for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 was immaterial.

The following table summarizes the future minimum rental payments under noncancelable operating lease arrangements in effect at June 30, 2020 (in thousands):

The Company’s income tax provision for interim periods is determined using an estimate of the annual effective tax rate adjusted for discrete items, if any, for relevant interim periods. The Company updates the estimate of the annual effective tax rate each six months and makes cumulative adjustments if the estimated annual effective tax rate changes. The quarterly tax provision and the quarterly estimate of the annual effective tax rate are subject to significant variations due to several factors including variability in predicting the pre-tax and taxable income and the mix of jurisdictions to which those items relate, relative changes in expenses or losses for which tax benefits are not recognized, how the Company does business, and changes in laws, regulations, and administrative practices. The effective tax rate can be volatile based on the amount of pre-tax income. For example, the impact of discrete items on the effective tax rate is greater when pre-tax income is lower.

The expense or (benefit) for income taxes for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 was $1.4 million and $4.0 million, respectively. The effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 was 6.9% and (35.9)%, respectively. The low effective tax rate is primarily attributable to the valuation allowance the Company maintains on the net deferred tax assets related to U.S. operations and certain withholding tax in 2019.

As of June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2019, the Company’s uncertain tax positions were approximately $0.6 million and $0.6 million respectively. Changes in tax laws, regulations, administrative practices, principles, and interpretations may impact the tax contingencies. The Company does not anticipate the uncertain tax positions to materially change within the next twelve months.

The Company is subject to both direct and indirect taxation in the U.S. and various states and foreign jurisdictions. The Company is under examination by certain tax authorities for the 2010 to 2019 tax years. The Company believes that adequate amounts have been reserved for any adjustments that may ultimately result from these or other examinations. The material jurisdictions where the Company is subject to potential examination by tax authorities for tax years after 2010 include, among others, the U.S. (Federal and California), Canada and China.

The Company’s Common Stock consists of Class A and Class B Common Stock (collectively, “Common Stock”). The holders of outstanding shares of Common Stock vote as one class on all matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders of the Company. Each holder of shares of Class A Common Stock is entitled to one vote per share, whereas each holder of shares of Class B Common Stock is entitled to 10 votes per share. No shares of Class B Common Stock are issuable until the Company completes an underwritten public offering of its Class A Common Stock pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, in which the Class A Common Stock is designated for trading on the New York Stock Exchange or the NASDAQ Global Market (an “IPO”).

The holders of Common Stock are entitled to share equally, on a per share basis, in any dividends or other distributions declared by the Board of Directors with respect to the Common Stock. Each share of Class B Common Stock is convertible into one share of Class A Common Stock at the option of the holder. Each share of Class B Common Stock will automatically convert into one share of Class A Common Stock upon the written consent of a majority of the Class B stockholders, subject to the consent of one of the Company’s significant shareholders.

No Common Stock dividend was declared by the Company’s Board of Directors for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019.

The Company’s convertible Preferred Stock currently consists of Series AA convertible Preferred Stock and Series A convertible Preferred Stock.

The Series AA convertible Preferred Stock and Series A convertible Preferred Stock are entitled to noncumulative dividends of at least $0.0016 per share before any dividends may be paid on Common Stock. In addition to the dividend preferences discussed above, the holders of the Series AA convertible Preferred Stock and Series A convertible Preferred Stock are entitled to share in any dividends paid to holders of the Common Stock on an equal basis as if the Series AA convertible Preferred Stock and the Series A convertible Preferred Stock had been converted to Common Stock. Such dividends are payable when and as declared by the Company’s Board of Directors. No Series AA convertible Preferred Stock or Series A convertible Preferred Stock dividends were declared by the Company’s Board of Directors for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019.

The holders of the Series AA convertible Preferred Stock and Series A convertible Preferred Stock are entitled to vote on all matters presented to the stockholders of the Company for their action or consideration. The holders of the Series AA convertible Preferred Stock and Series A convertible Preferred Stock are entitled to 10 votes per “as converted” share of Class A Common Stock.

Each share of Series AA convertible Preferred Stock and Series A convertible Preferred Stock is convertible at the option of the holder at any time into Class A Common Stock. The conversion ratio is subject to adjustment for certain dilutive events, including certain types of stock dividends, stock splits, stock issuances, stock option grants, or a combination of these. As of both June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, approximately 24.9 million shares of Class A Common Stock could be issued based upon conversion ratios of 1:1 upon optional conversion of all outstanding shares of Series AA convertible Preferred Stock. As of both June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, approximately 36.5 million shares of Class A Common Stock could be issued, respectively, based upon conversion ratios of 1:1 upon optional conversion of all outstanding shares of Series A convertible Preferred Stock.

Each share of Series AA convertible Preferred Stock and Series A convertible Preferred Stock will automatically convert at the then effective conversion rate into shares of Class B Common Stock upon the closing of an IPO. Upon a vote or written consent of holders of at least a majority of Series AA convertible Preferred Stock, all outstanding shares of Series AA convertible Preferred Stock shall automatically be converted into shares of Class A Common Stock at the then effective conversion rate. Upon a vote or written consent of holders of at least a majority of Series A convertible Preferred Stock (which must include the consent of a certain significant shareholder or his designee, as long as such significant shareholder or such designee has Voting Power (as defined in the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, the “Charter”) with respect to at least 20% of the outstanding Series A convertible Preferred Stock), all outstanding shares of Series A convertible Preferred Stock shall automatically be converted into shares of Class A Common Stock at the then effective conversion rate. The conversion ratio is subject to adjustment for certain dilutive events, including certain types of stock dividends, stock splits, or a combination of these. As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, each share of Series AA convertible Preferred Stock and Series A convertible Preferred Stock could be converted, as described above, into one share of Class B Common Stock or one share of Class A Common Stock.

Upon the occurrence of a Qualified Liquidation Event, as defined in the Charter, each share of Series AA convertible Preferred Stock is entitled to receive, before any payment may be made to the holders of any other capital stock of the Company (including all other series of Preferred Stock of the Company outstanding), an amount equal to the greater of (i) the original issuance price of each share of Series AA convertible Preferred Stock, plus an amount equal to the amount of compounded annual interest that such original purchase price would yield had it been deposited from the Series AA Preferred Issue Date, as defined in the Charter, to the date of payment of such liquidation preference, inclusive, at the Three Month London Interbank Offered Rate (in U.S. dollars) in effect from time to time during such period, plus 50 basis points (subject to a maximum compounded interest rate per annum of 5%) (as adjusted for dividends in cash or in kind, share subdivisions, combinations, reclassifications, conversions and consolidations involving the Company’s capital stock and any restructuring, recapitalization, merger and combination involving the Company), plus all declared but unpaid dividends on such share of Series AA convertible Preferred Stock, and (ii) the amount to which the holder thereof would have received if such holder had converted all of its shares of Series AA convertible Preferred Stock into shares of Class A Common Stock immediately prior to such Qualified Liquidation Event. Following the payment in full of the Series AA Liquidation Amount, as defined in the Charter, the holders of the Series A convertible Preferred Stock are entitled to receive, before any distributions are made to the holders of the Common Stock, an amount equal to the original issuance price of each share of Series A convertible Preferred Stock plus any declared but unpaid dividends thereon. After the payment of all preferential amounts required to be paid to the holders of Series AA convertible Preferred Stock and Series A convertible Preferred Stock, the remaining assets available will be distributed pro rata among the holders of Series AA convertible Preferred Stock, Series A convertible Preferred Stock and Common Stock as if all the shares had been converted to Common Stock immediately prior to such Qualified Liquidation Event.

The Company has a right of first refusal in the event that the holders of Series AA convertible Preferred Stock and Series A convertible Preferred Stock attempt to sell their shares.

Certain holders of Series AA convertible Preferred Stock, Series A convertible Preferred Stock and Common Stock have pre-emptive rights to purchase any shares of Series AA convertible Preferred Stock, Series A convertible Preferred Stock or Common Stock that the Company proposes to issue other than in connection with an IPO and certain excluded issuances specified in the Stockholders Agreement.

Stock-based compensation includes stock option awards issued under the Company’s employee incentive plan and restricted stock issued under a significant shareholder’s incentive plan, as further discussed in (a) below. There was no income tax benefit recognized in the consolidated statements of operations for stock-based compensation arrangements in any of the periods presented.

On September 22, 2005, the Board of Directors approved the Company’s 2005 Equity Incentive Plan, which was amended in January 2008, October 2009, December 2011 and September 2015 (the “Incentive Award Plan”). Under the Incentive Award Plan, the Company may grant equity incentive awards to employees, directors, and consultants based on the Company’s Class A Common Stock. A committee of the Board of Directors of the Company determines the eligibility, types of equity awards, vesting schedules, and exercise prices for equity awards granted. Subject to certain adjustments in the event of a change in capitalization or similar transaction, the Company may issue a maximum of 14,200,000 shares of its Class A Common Stock under the Incentive Award Plan. The Company issues new shares of Class A Common Stock from its authorized share pool to settle stock-based compensation awards. The exercise price of options granted under the plan shall not be less than the fair value of the Company’s Class A Common Stock as of the date of grant. Options typically vest over the term of four years, and are typically exercisable for a period of 10 years after the date of grant, except when granted to a holder who, at the time the option is granted, owns stock representing more than 10% of the voting power of all classes of stock of the Company or any subsidiaries, in which case, the term of the option shall be no more than five years from the date of grant. In September 2015, the Incentive Award Plan was amended to permit additional awards to be made after the tenth anniversary of the original adoption of said plan.

In 2016, a significant shareholder established an incentive program (the “Significant Shareholder Incentive Program”) where he caused to be transferred a total of 5,198,458 shares of the Company’s Series A Preferred Stock from Tekhill USA LLC, a limited liability company fully owned by the significant shareholder, into the Fred Chang Partners Trust (the “Trust”). In March and May 2016, the Trust entered into restricted share award agreements (the “Award Agreements”) with several key executives of the Company, under which the Trust granted a total of 5,090,157 restricted shares of the Company’s Series A Preferred Stock to those executives to be vested over a 15-year period in equal annual installments on each anniversary date of the grant date. As of December 31, 2016, the Award Agreements were terminated with a concurrent offer from the significant shareholder to re-establish the Significant Shareholder Incentive Program. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the re-established incentive program (the “Re-established Significant Shareholder Incentive Program”) granted a total of 3,898,843 restricted shares of the Company’s Series A Preferred Stock to a subset of the same recipients with substantially the same terms as those under the Significant Shareholder Incentive Program. The Re-established Significant Shareholder Incentive Program subsequently modified the vesting period from 15 years to 10 years during the year ended December 31, 2017, which did not have a significant impact on the consolidated financial statements.

The fair value of each option award granted under the Incentive Award Plan is estimated using the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model on the date of grant. This model requires the input of highly complex and subjective variables. These variables include, but are not limited to, the expected stock price volatility over the expected life of the awards and actual and projected employee stock option exercise behavior with the following inputs: risk-free interest rate, expected stock price volatility, forfeiture rate, expected term, dividend yield and weighted average grant date fair value.

The risk-free interest rate is based on the currently available rate on a U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issue with a remaining term equal to the expected term of the option converted into a continuously compounded rate. The expected volatility of stock options is based on a review of the historical volatility and the implied volatility of a peer group of publicly traded companies comparable to the Company. In evaluating comparability, the Company considered factors such as industry, stage of life cycle, and size. After the adoption of Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-09 Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting as of January 1, 2017, the Company elected to continue to estimate the total number of awards for which the requisite service period will not be rendered based on historical data. The expected term assumption used by the Company reflects the application of the simplified method set out in Securities and Exchange Commission Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 110, Shared-Based Payment. The simplified method defines the expected term of an option as the average of the contractual term of the options and the weighted average vesting period for all option tranches. The dividend yield reflects the Company’s dividend rate on the date of grant. The Company did not grant any stock options during the six months ended June 30, 2019. For the six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company granted stock options representing the right to purchase a total of 8,888,000 shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock.

The cost of the restricted shares is determined using the fair value of the Company’s Series A Convertible Preferred Stock on the date of the grant. Compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. There was no grant of the restricted shares under the Re-established Significant Shareholder Incentive Program during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019.

During the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, the total intrinsic value of stock options exercised was both $0, and the compensation expense for stock options granted included in “Selling, general and administrative expenses” in the consolidated statements of operations totaled $0.2 million and $0.1 million, respectively.

As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there were $8.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively, of unrecognized compensation costs related to nonvested options. The weighted average remaining vesting term of the stock option was 3.96 years as of June 30, 2020.

The following table summarizes the activity for restricted stock issued from the Fred Chang Partners Trust under the Re-established Significant Shareholder Incentive Program:

During the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, the compensation expense for restricted shares granted included in “Selling, general and administrative expenses” in the consolidated statement of operations were immaterial.

At March 31, 2020, all unvested restricted stocks were cancelled. As of June 30, 2020, the Company had no unrecognized compensation costs related to restricted stock. As of December 31, 2019, there were $3.4 million of unrecognized compensation costs related to restricted stock.

The exercise prices of stock options and restricted stock granted were determined contemporaneously by the Company’s Board of Directors based on the estimated fair value of the underlying Class A Common Stock and Series A convertible Preferred Stock. The Class A Common Stock and Series A convertible Preferred Stock valuations were based on a combination of the income approach and two market approaches, which were used to estimate the total enterprise value of the Company. The income approach quantifies the present value of the future cash flows that management expects to achieve from continuing operations. These future cash flows are discounted to their present values using a rate corresponding to the Company’s estimated weighted average cost of capital. The Company’s weighted average cost of capital is calculated by weighting the required return on interest-bearing debt and common equity capital in proportion to their estimated percentages in the Company’s capital structure. The market approach considers multiples of financial metrics based on acquisition values or quoted trading prices of comparable public companies. An implied multiple of key financial metrics based on the trading and transaction values of publicly traded peers is applied to the Company’s similar metrics in order to derive an indication of value. A marketability discount is then applied to reflect the fact that the Company’s Class A Common Stock and Series A convertible Preferred Stock are not traded on a public exchange. The amount of the discount varies based on management’s expectation of effecting a public offering of the Company’s Class A Common Stock within the ensuing 12 months. The enterprise value indications from the income approach and market approaches were used to estimate the fair value of the Company’s Class A Common Stock and Series A convertible Preferred Stock in the context of the Company’s capital structure as of each valuation date. Each valuation was based on certain estimates and assumptions. If different estimates and assumptions had been used, these valuations could have been different.

Basic earnings per share of Common Stock is calculated by dividing net income available to holders of Common stock by the weighted average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding for the period. Under the two-class method, undistributed net income is allocated between shares of Common Stock and participating securities based on their participating rights. The diluted earnings per share of Common Stock calculation assumes the issuance of all dilutive potential common shares outstanding. Dilutive potential Common Stock consists of incremental shares of Class A Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of the stock options and upon conversion of all Preferred Stock.

In calculating the numerator of diluted earnings per share under the two-class method, undistributed net income is re-allocated to the common shares and participating securities that are assumed to be outstanding for diluted earnings per share purposes. In doing so, the undistributed net income allocated to common shares and participating securities for purposes of basic earnings per share is re-allocated in accordance with the sequencing rules of the FASB authoritative guidance to give effect to the potential common shares and participating securities that are assumed to be outstanding for purpose of computing diluted earnings per share.

Basic and diluted net loss per share is presented using the two-class method required for participating securities: Series AA convertible Preferred Stock, Series A convertible Preferred Stock and Class A Common Stock. Basic net loss per share is computed using the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed using the weighted-average number of shares of common stock and, if dilutive, common stock equivalents outstanding during the period. The Company’s common stock equivalents consist of shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of stock options and the conversion of Series AA convertible Preferred Stock and Series A convertible Preferred Stock. For the periods in which the Company has generated net loss, the basic and diluted net loss per share are the same because common stock equivalents are excluded from diluted net loss per share due to their antidilutive impact.

The following table summarizes the calculation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per common share (in thousands, except per share data):

The following shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share calculation as their effect would have been anti-dilutive (in thousands):

From time to time, the Company is a party to various lawsuits, claims, and other legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. The Company discloses contingencies deemed to be reasonably possible and accrues loss contingencies when, in consultation with legal advisors, it is concluded that a loss is probable and reasonably estimable.

In February 2018, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts Department of Revenue issued a notice of intent to assess sales/use taxes on the Company for the period from October 1, 2017 through October 31, 2017 for a total assessment of $652,255 including penalties and interest. The Department of Revenue subsequently reduced this amount to $295,911. In May 2020, the Company received from the Commonwealth of Massachusetts Department of Revenue another notice of assessment for sales and use taxes for the months of November 2017 through September 2018 in the amount of $2,721,370, including penalties and interest. The Company has appealed these assessments and the Company intends to vigorously protest them. The outcome of this matter or the timing of such payments, if any, cannot be predicted at this time.

In December 2014, an individual plaintiff sued Newegg.com Americas Inc. (“Newegg.com Americas”) in Superior Court in Los Angeles County, California, alleging that Newegg.com Americas had engaged in deceptive advertising practices and seeking to certify a class action. In 2016, the Court sustained Newegg.com Americas’ demurrer to the plaintiff’s claims without leave to amend. The plaintiff appealed, and in July 2018 the Court of Appeal reversed the decision of the trial court, thus allowing the case to proceed. The matter is now pending in the trial court. The Company does not believe that a loss is probable and intends to vigorously defend itself and its subsidiaries. Depending on the amount and timing, an unfavorable result could materially affect the Company’s business, consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

In addition to the legal proceedings mentioned above, from time to time, the Company may become involved in legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. There can be no assurance with respect to the outcome of any legal proceeding. The outcome of the litigation described above, the other pending lawsuits filed against the Company and other claims, including those that may be made in the future, may be adverse to the Company, and the monetary liability and other negative operational or financial impact may be material to the Company’s consolidated results of operations, financial position, and cash flows.

The Company maintains a 401(k) defined-contribution plan for the benefit of its eligible employees. All full-time domestic employees who have completed at least six months of service and are at least 18 years of age are eligible to participate in the plan. Eligible employees may elect to contribute up to 100% of their eligible compensation. The Company’s matching contributions are made at the discretion of the Company’s Board of Directors. In addition, the Company may make a profit-sharing contribution at the sole discretion of the Board of Directors. Total contributions by the Company for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 were $1.0 million and $0.9 million, respectively. Contributions made by the Company are immediately 100% vested.

On April 17, 2018, the Company acquired an equity interest in Mountain Capital Fund L.P. from Pegasus. The sole owner of Pegasus is the spouse of a member of the Company’s Board of Directors.

On December 17, 2019, the Company loaned $15.0 million to Digital Grid under a term loan agreement with a maturity date of April 30, 2020 and a fixed interest rate of 5.0% (the “$15.0 Million Loan”). The $15.0 Million Loan was subsequently extended to December 31, 2020.

During the six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company recorded interest income of $0.4 million from loans to affiliate in interest income in the consolidated statement of operations. As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the amount of interest receivable as a component of “Dues from related parties” in the consolidated balance sheets was immaterial.

On January 14, 2019, the Company entered into three loan agreements with BARD Company Limited, an entity affiliated with our Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to which the Company borrowed a total of $15.0 million. For all of the three loans, the maturity date was March 31, 2019 unless extended to April 30, 2019 in accordance with the terms of the loan agreements, and the interest rate is 6% per annum. The Company repaid the three loans in their entirety as of March 8, 2019.

Due from related parties and net sales to related parties primarily reflect sales of finished goods and services with the exception of loans to affiliate as discussed above.

As of both June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, due from related parties represent amounts receivable of $1.5 million, due from Digital Grid. Digital Grid is determined to be a related party by virtue of common control. There were no sales to this related party during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019.

As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, due from related parties represent amounts receivable of $4.3 million and $4.3 million, respectively, due from Connect Technova Inc. (“Connect Technova”). Connect Technova is determined to be a related party by virtue of common control. Sales during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 to this related party were immaterial.

As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, amount due to related parties was immaterial.

The Company’s Chief Executive Officer, who is the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis. There are no segment managers who are held accountable for operations, operating results and plans for levels or components below the consolidated unit level. The Company considers itself to be operating within one reportable segment.

The following table summarizes net property, plant and equipment by country (in thousands):

Although the Company cannot estimate the length or gravity of the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak at this time, if the pandemic continues, it may have an adverse effect on the Company’s results of future operations, financial position and liquidity in fiscal year 2020.

The Company has evaluated subsequent events from the balance sheet date through October 23, 2020, the date the consolidated financial statements were issued.

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Newegg Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2019, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss, temporary equity and equity (deficit), and cash flows for the year then ended, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We have also audited the retrospective adjustments to the 2018 and 2017 consolidated financial statements to reclassify the Series A and AA convertible preferred stock to temporary equity as described in Note 2(y) to the consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, such retrospective adjustments are appropriate and have been properly applied. We were not engaged to audit, review, or apply any procedures to the 2018 and 2017 consolidated financial statements of the Company other than with respect to the retrospective adjustments, and accordingly, we do not express an opinion or any other form of assurance on the 2018 and 2017 consolidated financial statements taken as a whole.

As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has changed its method of accounting for leases during the year ended December 31, 2019, due to the adoption of Accounting Standards Codification 842, “Leases.”

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audit we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

October 23, 2020, except for the retrospective adjustments to the classification of the Series A and AA convertible preferred stock to temporary equity for the 2018 and 2017 consolidated financial statements, as to which the date is December 9, 2020.

We have audited, before the effects of the adjustment to retrospectively apply the change in the classification of the Series A convertible Preferred Stock and Series AA convertible Preferred Stock to temporary equity as described in Note 2(y), the consolidated balance sheet of Newegg Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2018, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive loss, temporary equity and equity (deficit), and cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). The 2018 and 2017 consolidated financial statements before the effects of the adjustment described in Note 2(y) are not presented herein. In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements, before the effects of the adjustments to retrospectively apply the change in the classification of the Series A convertible Preferred Stock and Series AA convertible Preferred Stock to temporary equity as described in Note 2(y), present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2018, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We were not engaged to audit, review, or apply any procedures to the adjustments to retrospectively apply the change in the classification of the Series A convertible Preferred Stock and Series AA convertible Preferred Stock to temporary equity as described in Note 2(y) and, accordingly, we do not express an opinion or any other form of assurance about whether such adjustments are appropriate and have been properly applied. Those adjustments were audited by other auditors.

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In August 2016, the Company entered into a share purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with Hangzhou Liaison Interactive Information Technology Co., Ltd, (“Liaison”), a publicly traded company in China. The transaction was completed on March 30, 2017. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, Liaison purchased 490,706 shares of Class A Common Stock and 12,782,546 shares of Series A convertible Preferred Stock from existing shareholders for a total consideration of $91.9 million. Additionally, the Company issued, and Liaison purchased, 24,870,027 shares of Series AA Convertible Preferred Stock for a total consideration of $172.2 million. Upon the close of this transaction, Liaison, through Digital Grid (Hong Kong) Technology Co., Limited (“Digital Grid”), a fully-owned subsidiary of Liaison, became the majority owner of the Company. See Note 12 – Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and Convertible Preferred Stock for further discussion about the Company’s accounting treatment for this transaction.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and include the accounts of all consolidated subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.

Cash and cash equivalents consist primarily of cash on deposit, certificates of deposit, and money market accounts. Cash equivalents are all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less. Amounts receivable from credit card processors are also considered cash equivalents as they are both short term and highly liquid in nature, and are typically converted to cash within three business days. Amounts due to the Company from credit card processors that are classified as cash and cash equivalents totaled $9.2 million and $11.0 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Restricted cash includes amounts deposited in commercial bank time deposits and money market accounts to collateralize the Company’s deposit obligations. The Company considers restricted cash related to obligations classified as current liabilities to be current assets and restricted cash related to obligations classified as long-term liabilities as noncurrent assets. At December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company had $0.8 million and $0.2 million, respectively, in restricted cash, primarily related to collateralization required pursuant to a lease agreement and the restricted cash account required under the Company’s health insurance plan. The restricted cash balance is classified as a current asset in the consolidated balance sheets.

Accounts receivable consist primarily of vendor receivables, which do not bear interest, and represent amounts due for marketing development funds, cooperative advertising, price protection and other incentive programs offered to the Company by certain vendors. Accounts receivable also include receivables from business customers on 30- to 60-day credit terms. The Company estimates an allowance for doubtful accounts based on historical experience and other factors. Accounts receivable are written off when deemed uncollectible. Recoveries of accounts receivable previously written off are recorded when received. Amounts receivable from business customers were $14.6 million and $25.9 million, net of allowances of $0.1 million and $0.4 million, at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. See further discussion of amounts receivable related to vendor incentive programs under Incentives Earned from Vendors below.

Inventories, consisting of products available for sale, are accounted for using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method and are valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value. In-bound freight-related costs are included as part of the cost of merchandise held for resale. In addition, certain vendor payments are deducted from the cost of merchandise held for resale. The Company records an inventory provision for refurbished, slow-moving, or obsolete inventories based on historical experience and assumptions of future demand for product. These allowances are released when the related inventory is sold or disposed of. Amounts of inventory allowances were $3.7 million and $8.8 million, as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued and other liabilities approximate fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments. The carrying amounts of long-term debt and line of credit at December 31, 2019 and 2018 approximates fair value because the interest rate approximates the current market interest rate. The fair value of these financial instruments was determined using level 2 input.

4. Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and

The Company recognizes revenue on product sales at a point in time to customers when control of the product passes to the customer upon delivery to the customer or when service is provided. The Company fulfill orders with its owned inventory or with inventory sourced through its suppliers. The vast majority of the Company’s product sales are fulfilled from its owned inventory. The amount recognized in revenue represents the expected consideration to be received in exchange for such goods or services. For orders fulfilled with inventory sourced through the Company’s suppliers, and where the products are shipped directly by the Company’s supplier to the Company’s customer, the Company evaluates the criteria outlined in ASC 606-10-55, Principal versus Agent Considerations, in determining whether revenue should be recognized on a gross or net basis. The Company determined that it is the principal in these transactions as it controls the specific good before it is transferred to the customer. The Company is the entity responsible for fulfilling the promise to provide the specified good to the customer and takes responsibility for the acceptability of the goods, assumes inventory risk before the specified good has been transferred to the customer or after transfer of control to the customer, has discretion in establishing the price, and selects the suppliers of products sold. The Company accounts for product sales under these arrangements on a gross basis upon receipt of the product by the customer. Product sales exceeded 95% of consolidated net sales in each of the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017.

The Company offers its customers the opportunity to purchase goods and services on its website using deferred financing promotional programs provided by a third-party financing company. These programs include an option to make no payments for a period of six, twelve, eighteen or twenty-four months. The third-party financing company makes all decisions to extend credit to the customer under a separate agreement with the customer, owns all such receivables from the customer, assumes all risk of collection, and has no recourse to the Company in the event the customer does not pay. The third-party financing company pays the Company for the purchase price on behalf of the customer, less certain transaction fees. Accordingly, sales generated through these programs are not reflected in the Company’s receivables once payment is received from the third-party financing company. The transaction fee paid by the Company to the third-party financing company is recognized as a reduction of revenue. These transaction fees for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 were immaterial.

The Company has three types of contractual liabilities: (1) amounts collected, or amounts invoiced and due, related to product sales where receipt of the product by the customer has not yet occurred or revenue cannot be recognized. Such amounts are recorded in the consolidated balance sheets as deferred revenue and are recognized when the applicable revenue recognition criteria have been satisfied. For all of the product sales, the Company ships a large volume of packages through multiple carriers. Actual delivery dates may not always be available and as such, the Company estimates delivery dates as needed based on historical data. (2) amounts collected for the Company’s Premier membership services, which are typically paid upfront for membership benefits over a 3-month, 6-month, or 12-month period, including free 3-day shipping, free return, rush processing and dedicated customers services. Such amounts were initially recorded as deferred revenue and were recognized as revenue ratably over the subscription period. The Company discontinued its Premier membership services in 2019, resulting in no balance of deferred revenue related to this program as of December 31, 2019. The amount of deferred revenue related to the Premier membership services was immaterial as of December 31, 2018. (3) unredeemed gift cards, which are initially recorded as deferred revenue and are recognized in the period they are redeemed. Subject to governmental agencies escheat requirements, certain gift cards not expected to be redeemed, also known as “breakage”, are recognized as revenue based on the historical redemption pattern. These gift cards breakage revenue for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 were immaterial.

Deferred revenue totaled $25.9 million and $37.1 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company recognized $31.6 million of net revenue included in deferred revenue at December 31, 2018.

The Company records revenue for shipping and handling billed to its customers. Shipping and handling revenue totaled approximately $17.1 million, $21.9 million and $27.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

The related shipping and handling costs are included in cost of sales. Shipping and handling costs totaled approximately $62.1 million, $67.6 million and $68.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

The Company reduced cost of sales by $143.1 million, $181.7 million and $160.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively, for these vendor incentive programs. Reductions to advertising and promotional expenses related to direct reimbursements for costs incurred in advertising vendors’ products totaled $0.7 million, $0.7 million and $0.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Amounts receivable related to vendor incentive programs were $34.8 million and $58.4 million, net of allowances of $0.5 million and $1.0 million, at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Amounts due to the Company are included in accounts receivable in the consolidated balance sheets.

Advertising and promotional expenses are charged to operations when incurred and are included in selling, general, and administrative expenses. Advertising and promotional expenses for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 were $25.8 million, $34.8 million and $38.0 million, respectively.

For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, the Company had no individual customers that accounted for greater than 10% of net sales.

The Company purchases its products on credit terms from vendors located primarily in the United States. For the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company’s cumulative annual purchases from two vendors exceeded 10% of total purchases. For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company’s cumulative annual purchases from one vendor exceeded 10% of total purchases. The majority of products that the Company sells are available through multiple channels.

The Company has receivables due from vendors related to its advertising and promotional programs and receivables due from business customers with credit terms. As of December 31, 2019, the Company’s receivables from one vendor exceeded 10% of net receivables, and no receivables from business customers with credit terms exceeded 10% of net receivables. As of December 31, 2018, no vendor or business customers accounted for greater than 10% of net receivables.

As discussed more fully in Note 12 – Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and Convertible Preferred Stock, the Company’s Single Vote Series B-1, Series B-1, and Series B-2 redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock was subject to redemption. As the possible redemption of these shares was outside of the control of the Company, the carrying amounts of the Single Vote Series B-1, Series B-1, and Series B-2 redeemable convertible Preferred Stock were classified as temporary equity. The Single Vote Series B-1, Series B-1, and Series B-2 redeemable convertible Preferred Stock was initially recorded at their original issuance amounts, net of direct third-party costs incurred in connection with issuance.

Single Vote Series B-1, Series B-1, and Series B-2 redeemable convertible Preferred Stock were redeemable at two times their original issue price. The Company accreted the carrying value of the redeemable convertible Preferred Stock to the respective redemption amount on the effective interest method basis over the period from the original issuance date to the date eligible for redemption.

Under the Company’s current certificate of incorporation, Series A convertible Preferred Stock is convertible at the holder’s option into Class A Common Stock by dividing the Series A Original Issue Price by the Series A Conversion Price in effect at the time of conversion. Similar, each share of Series AA convertible Preferred Stock is convertible at the holder’s option into to Class A Common Stock by dividing the sum of the Series AA Original Issue Price plus any dividends declared but unpaid thereon by the Series AA Conversion Price in effect at the time of conversion. Further, upon the date of an IPO, all outstanding shares of Series A convertible Preferred Stock and Series AA convertible Preferred Stock shall automatically be converted into shares of Class B Common Stock at the then-effective conversion rate. Finally, upon a date (prior to the date of an IPO) specified by vote or written consent of at least a majority of the then outstanding shares of Series A convertible Preferred Stock, all outstanding shares of Series A convertible Preferred Stock shall automatically be converted into shares of Class A Common Stock at the then effective conversation rate. Upon a date (prior to the date of an IPO) specified by vote or written consent of at least a majority of the then outstanding shares of Series AA convertible Preferred Stock, all outstanding shares of Series AA convertible Preferred Stock shall automatically be converted into shares of Class A Common Stock at the then effective conversation rate. The Company’s current certificate of incorporation also allows the Series A convertible Preferred Stock and Series AA convertible Preferred Stock to be redeemed upon certain defined deemed liquidation events. As the possible redemption of these shares was outside of the control of the Company, the carrying amount of the Series A and AA convertible preferred stocks were classified as temporary equity. The transactions and the carrying amount of the Series A and AA convertible preferred stocks were reclassified to temporary equity retrospectively for years 2018 and 2017 to conform with year 2019 presentation. The Series A and Series AA convertible Preferred Stocks were initially recorded at their original issuance amounts, net of direct third-party costs incurred in connection with issuance.

The Company’s financial assets that are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis when impairment is identified include equity method investment and investment in equity securities without readily determinable fair value not accounted for under the equity method. The fair values of these investments are determined based on valuation techniques using the best information available, and may include quoted market prices, market comparables, and discounted cash flow projections. An impairment charge is recorded when the cost of the investment exceeds its fair value. This is considered a Level 3 fair value measurement. See Note 5 – Investment for further information regarding the fair value measurement of these investments.

The fair value of accounts receivables approximates carrying value due to the short-term maturities.

The Company’s loans to affiliate, loans from affiliate, line of credit and long-term debt are carried at cost with fair value disclosed, if required. The fair value of the amounts outstanding under the line of credit and long-term debt with a floating interest rate approximates the carrying value due primarily to the variable nature of the interest rate of the instruments, which is considered a Level 2 fair value measurement. The fair value of the amounts outstanding under loans to affiliate, loans from affiliate, and line of credit with a fixed interest rate is estimated based on the discounted amount of the contractual future cash flows using an appropriate discount rate. This is considered a Level 3 fair value measurement. The following is a summary of the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of these financial instruments as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):

Depreciation and amortization expense associated with property and equipment was $10.7 million, $10.2 million and $10.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

During 2019, the Company entered into a sale leaseback transaction for one of its real estate properties in the United States. The Company sold the property for gross proceeds of $38.5 million, and recognized a gain of $28.8 million from the transaction, which is included as other operating income in its consolidated statements of operations. The Company concurrently leased back the property from the buyer under a lease agreement for ten years, resulting in ROU lease asset of $14.1 million and a lease liability of $13.9 million as of the lease commencement date.

During the year ended December 31, 2019, Mountain sold a portion of its investment in One97 Communications Limited (“One97”) to various third-party buyers, which resulted in the Company’s disposal of all of its investment in One97. The Company recorded a gain on the equity method investment in Mountain of $21.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 and continues to account for its remaining interest in Mountain under the equity method. As of December 31, 2019, the carrying value of the Company’s investment in Mountain was $6.5 million, and the Company’s ownership percentage in Mountain was approximately 8.0%. As Mountain is a limited partnership, the Company continues accounting for the Mountain Investment under the equity method as of December 31, 2019 and for the year then ended.

See Note 18 – Related Party Transactions for further information regarding this transaction.

In August 2018, the Company purchased 11,506,695 Series B+ Preferred shares in Bitmain Technologies Holding Company, a privately-held company incorporated in the Cayman Islands, for a total consideration of $15.0 million. Bitmain Technologies Holding Company and its subsidiaries (together “Bitmain”) primarily design and sell cryptocurrency mining hardware, operate cryptocurrency mining pools, and provide mining farm services. As this represents an investment in equity securities without readily determinable fair values, the Company elected the measurement alternative under ASU 2016-01 to measure this investment at cost, less any impairment, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer.

The Company reviewed the investment in Bitmain for impairment as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, by evaluating if events or circumstances have occurred that may have a significant adverse effect on the fair value of the investment. The Company concluded there were no impairment indicators as of December 31, 2019 and 2018. In the absence of observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the carrying value of the investment remained at $15.0 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018.

There was no impairment loss on cost method investment for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017.

In July 2018, the Company entered into a credit agreement with several financial institutions that provided a revolving credit facility of up to $100.0 million with a maturity date of July 27, 2021. Prior to July 27, 2020 and subject to certain terms and conditions, the Maximum Revolving Advance Amount, as defined in the loan agreement, could be increased up to $140.0 million. The revolving credit facility includes a letter of credit sublimit of $25.0 million, which can be used to issue standby and trade letters of credit, and a $10.0 million sublimit for swingline loans. Advances from this line of credit will be subject to interest at LIBOR plus the Applicable Margin, as defined in the loan agreement, or the Alternate Base Rate (to be defined as the highest of the financial institution’s prime rate, the Overnight Bank Funding Rate plus 0.50%, or the daily LIBOR plus 1.0%) plus the Applicable Margin. For LIBOR loans, the Company may select interest periods of one, two, or three months. Interest on LIBOR loans shall be payable at the end of the selected interest period. Interest on Alternate Base Rate loans is payable monthly. The line of credit is guaranteed by certain of the Company’s U.S. subsidiaries and is collateralized by certain of the assets of the Company. Such assets include all Receivables, equipment and fixtures, general intangibles, Inventory, Subsidiary Stock, securities, investment property, and financial assets, contract rights, and ledger sheets, as defined in the loan agreement. To maintain availability of funds under the loan agreement, the Company will pay on a quarterly basis, an unused commitment fee of either 0.25% of the difference between the amount available and the amount outstanding under the facility if the difference is less than one-third of the Maximum Revolving Advance Amount or 0.40% of the difference between the amount available and the amount outstanding under the facility if the difference is equal to or greater than one-third of the Maximum Revolving Advance Amount. As of December 31, 2019, there was no balance outstanding under this line of credit. The credit facility contains customary covenants, including covenants that limit or restrict the Company’s ability to incur capital expenditures and lease payments, make certain investments, enter into certain related-party transactions, and pay dividends. The credit facility also requires the Company to maintain certain minimum financial ratios and maintain operation banking relationship with the financial institutions. As of December 31, 2019, the Company was in compliance with all financial covenants related to the line of credit.

In March 2018, the Company entered into a credit agreement with a financial institution that provided for a revolving credit facility of up to $7.0 million with a maturity date no later than July 31, 2018. For each calendar quarter during the term of this credit agreement, advances from this line of credit were subject to an interest rate of either the Wall Street Journal Prime Rate or LIBOR-Based Rate, as defined in the loan agreement, at the Company’s option. The LIBOR-Based Rate may be calculated as either LIBOR plus 2.75% if the Compensating Deposits, as defined in the credit agreement, were less than $15.0 million as a daily average for the previous calendar quarter or LIBOR plus 2.5% if the Compensating Deposits equaled at least $15.0 million as a daily average for the previous calendar quarter. The line of credit was collateralized by a real estate asset of the Company, and contained customary covenants, including covenants that limit or restrict the Company’s ability to incur indebtedness, capital expenditures and lease payments, make certain investments and enter into certain related-party transactions. Additionally, there was a requirement to maintain minimum liquidity (to be defined as cash or cash equivalents and securities that are readily marketable and are not subject to any lien, claim, encumbrance, charge or any other restriction) of $35.0 million during the term of this credit agreement, and to maintain a deposit account with the financial institution with a minimum balance of $5.0 million at all times during the term of this credit agreement. The Company was in compliance with all financial covenants during the term of this credit agreement.

In July 2013, the Company entered into a credit agreement with several financial institutions that provided a revolving credit facility of up to $100.0 million with a maturity date of July 31, 2018. The revolving credit facility included a letter of credit sublimit of $25.0 million, which could be used to issue standby and trade letters of credit, and a $10.0 million sublimit for swingline loans. Advances from this line of credit were subject to interest at LIBOR plus the Applicable Margin, as defined in the loan agreement, or the Alternate Base Rate (to be defined as the higher of the financial institution’s prime rate, the Federal Funds Open Rate plus 0.50%, or the daily LIBOR plus 1.0%) plus the Applicable Margin. For LIBOR loans, the Company may select interest periods of one, two, or three months. Interest on LIBOR loans was to be payable at the end of the selected interest period. Interest on Alternate Base Rate loans was to be payable monthly. The line of credit was guaranteed by the Company’s U.S. subsidiaries and was collateralized by certain of the assets of the Company, as defined in the loan agreement. To maintain availability of funds under the loan agreement, the Company paid on a quarterly basis, an unused commitment fee of either 0.20% of the difference between the amount available and the amount outstanding under the facility if the difference exceeded $20 million or 0.35% of the difference between the amount available and the amount outstanding under the facility if the difference was $20 million or less. The credit facility contained customary covenants, including covenants that limit or restrict the Company’s ability to incur capital expenditures and lease payments, make certain investments and pay dividends. The credit facility also required the Company to maintain certain minimum financial ratios and maintain operation banking relationship with the financial institutions. The Company terminated this credit agreement with the financial institutions during 2018.

In July 2015, the Company entered into a credit agreement with a financial institution that provided for a revolving credit facility of up to $5.0 million with a maturity date of no later than August 26, 2016. The Company extended the maturity date of this credit agreement to October 24, 2020. Advances from this line of credit are subject to interest at a floating interest rate of the one-year savings account plus 0.63% not to be lower than 1.62% per annum. The interest rate was equivalent to 1.72% as of December 31, 2019. The line of credit is guaranteed by one of the Company’s China subsidiaries and is collateralized by a real estate asset of that subsidiary. As of both December 31, 2019 and 2018, there was $4.9 million outstanding under this line of credit.

In December 2016, the Company entered into a credit agreement with a financial institution that provided for a revolving credit facility of $3.8 million. Advances from this line of credit were subject to interest at a floating interest rate of the one year savings account. The line of credit was guaranteed by one of the Company’s China subsidiaries and was collateralized by the foreign bank deposit assets of the same subsidiary. This credit agreement expired in 2018.

In May 2018, the Company entered into a credit agreement with a financial institution that provided for a revolving credit facility of up to $3.6 million with a maturity date of May 14, 2019 (the “3.6 Million LOC”). Advances from this line of credit are subject to a fixed interest rate of 5.22% per annum. The line of credit is guaranteed by one of the Company’s China subsidiaries and is collateralized by the foreign bank deposit assets of the same subsidiary. As of December 31, 2018, there was $3.0 million outstanding under this line of credit. This credit agreement expired in 2019.

In December 2019, the Company entered into a credit agreement with a financial institution that provided for a revolving credit facility of $1.4 million. Advances from this line of credit were subject to a fixed interest rate of 6.09% per annum. The line of credit is collateralized by a real estate asset of that subsidiary. As of December 31, 2019, there was $1.4 million outstanding under this line of credit.

The Company has entered into various loans with financial institutions. Long-term debt consisted of the following (in thousands):

In 2013, the Company entered into a term loan agreement with a financial institution for $4.1 million with a maturity date of November 26, 2028 (the “Term Loan”). The Term Loan bears a floating interest rate of the one-year savings account plus 0.43% per annum in the first two years and a floating interest rate of the one-year savings account plus 0.61% per annum for the remaining of the term, not to be lower than 1.8% during the entire term. The interest rate was equivalent to 1.8% as of December 31, 2019. The Term Loan is collateralized by a first position security interest in a floor of an office building owned by the Company in Taiwan.

Aggregate maturities of long-term debt, excluding unamortized debt issuance costs, were as follows (in thousands) as of December 31, 2019:

Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term, and is included in selling, general, and administrative expenses in the consolidated statement of operations. Operating lease expense totaled $13.0 million, $13.2 million and $14.1 million, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017. Cash payments made for operating leases totaled $12.1 million during 2019, which were included in cash flows from operating activities in the consolidated statement of cash flows. As of December 31, 2019, the Company’s ROU operating lease assets were $38.1 million, and its operating lease liabilities were $39.2 million, of which $30.6 million was classified as non-current. New ROU operating lease assets and liabilities entered into during 2019 were $21.3 million and $20.9 million, respectively. The Company’s weighted average remaining lease term and the discount rate for its operating leases were approximately 6.06 years and 5.06% at December 31, 2019.

The Company has certain sublease arrangements for some of the leased office and warehouse facilities. Sublease rental income for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 was immaterial.

The following table summarizes the future minimum rental payments under noncancelable operating lease arrangements in effect at December 31, 2019 (in thousands):

The components of the Company’s income tax provision expense are as follows (in thousands):

Loss before provision for income taxes consisted of the following (in thousands):

Deferred income taxes reflect the tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. The Company’s deferred income tax assets and liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):

In accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes, the Company evaluates whether a valuation allowance should be established against the net deferred tax assets based upon the consideration of all available evidence and using a “more-likely than-not” standard. Significant weight is given to evidence that can be objectively verified. The determination to record a valuation allowance is based on the recent history of cumulative losses and losses expected in the near future.

The Company’s U.S. federal consolidated filing group includes certain international entities. Based upon results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, and estimated future trends in the Company’s business, it is determined that it is more likely than not that the Company will not realize any benefit from the U.S. federal net deferred tax assets. As a result of the analysis, the Company recorded a $19.5 million valuation allowance against the U. S. federal net deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2019. The Company also maintains valuation allowances against certain non-US loss corporations. Total valuation allowance against U.S and non-US deferred tax asset were $25.1 million as of December 31, 2019.

At December 31, 2019, the Company had $40.7 million of federal net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards and $17.6 million of apportioned state NOL carryforwards available to reduce future taxable income. The federal NOLs that were generated prior to January 1, 2018 will expire starting in 2031 and the federal NOLs that were generated in 2018 or forward will carryforward indefinite to offset 80% of future taxable income. The state NOL carryforwards began to expire in 2029. The Company has $7.3 million of NOL carryforwards in China as of December 31, 2019. The Company has $10.6 million of NOL carryforwards in Taiwan, which will begin to expire in 2024. The Company has $2.2 million NOLs in Hong Kong with indefinite carryforward. A valuation allowance was recorded on the NOLs in China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong. The Company has not provided for deferred income taxes on a cumulative total of $40.8 million of undistributed earnings of its foreign subsidiaries, as these amounts are considered indefinitely reinvested outside the United States. It is not practicable to determine the estimated income tax liability that might apply if these earnings were to be repatriated.

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Act”) was enacted in December 2017. The Act reduced the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 34 percent to 21 percent, required companies to pay a one-time transition tax on earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries that were previously tax deferred, and created new taxes on certain foreign earnings. As of December 31, 2019, the Company has completed its accounting for the tax effects of enactment of the Act.

A reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory tax rate to the Company’s effective tax rate is as follows:

The significant item that caused the effective tax rate change related to the change of valuation allowance and foreign withholding tax. In addition, the Company has material permanent differences, including Subpart F income and stock based compensation. In 2017, the Company remeasured its federal deferred tax balances by the new tax rate of 21%, which generated the impact on effective tax rate by 35.0% and fully offset by the change of valuation allowance. This event had no impact in 2019 or 2018.

As of the end of fiscal year 2019, the total liability for income tax associated with unrecognized tax benefits was $0.6 million. Our effective tax rate will be affected by any portion of this liability we may recognize. We do not believe it is reasonably possible that any of the uncertain tax benefits will be recognized in the next 12 months. As such, all uncertain tax positions, including accrued interest, have been classified as long-term taxes payable on the consolidated balance sheets.

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of uncertain tax positions is as follows (in thousands):

Our continuing practice is to recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as tax expense. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions were not material.

The Company files a consolidated federal income tax return in the United States, as well as combined and separate U.S. state income tax returns. Certain subsidiaries of the Company are subject to income tax in China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Canada. The Company is still subject to examination for federal income tax returns for the years 2012 through 2018, for certain U.S. state income tax returns for the years 2008 through 2018, and for certain foreign income tax returns for the years 2010 through 2018. The Company is currently under examination by the Internal Revenue Service for the years 2012 through 2014 and by the California Franchise Tax Board for the years 2012 through 2014. The California Franchise Tax Board examination is related to amended tax returns filed for the years under exam. No additional reserve was accrued in 2019 based on the current audit status.

No Common Stock dividend was declared by the Company’s Board of Directors for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017.

Prior to March 30, 2017, the Company’s redeemable convertible Preferred Stock consisted of Single Vote Series B-1, Series B-1, and Series B-2 (collectively, “Series B”) redeemable convertible Preferred Stock. All issued and outstanding Series B redeemable convertible Preferred Stock were redeemed prior to January 1, 2017. The remaining installment payments to the holders of Series B-1 redeemable convertible Preferred Stock of $2.6 million was paid out by March 30, 2017.

The Company’s convertible Preferred Stock currently consists of Series AA convertible Preferred Stock and Series A convertible Preferred Stock.

Prior to March 30, 2017, Series B redeemable convertible Preferred Stock was entitled to noncumulative dividends in an amount at least equal to $0.49 per share before any dividends may be paid on the Common Stock or Series A convertible Preferred Stock. The Series AA convertible Preferred Stock and Series A convertible Preferred Stock are entitled to noncumulative dividends of at least $0.0016 per share before any dividends may be paid on Common Stock. In addition to the dividend preferences discussed above, the holders of the Series AA convertible Preferred Stock and Series A convertible Preferred Stock are entitled to share in any dividends paid to holders of the Common Stock on an equal basis as if the Series AA convertible Preferred Stock and the Series A convertible Preferred Stock had been converted to Common Stock. Such dividends are payable when and as declared by the Company’s Board of Directors. No Series AA convertible Preferred Stock or Series A convertible Preferred Stock dividends were declared by the Company’s Board of Directors for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017.

Each share of Series AA convertible Preferred Stock and Series A convertible Preferred Stock is convertible at the option of the holder at any time into Class A Common Stock. The conversion ratio is subject to adjustment for certain dilutive events, including certain types of stock dividends, stock splits, stock issuances, stock option grants, or a combination of these. As of both December 31, 2019 and 2018, approximately 24.9 million shares of Class A Common Stock could be issued based upon conversion ratios of 1:1 upon optional conversion of all outstanding shares of Series AA convertible Preferred Stock. As of both December 31, 2019 and 2018, approximately 36.5 million shares of Class A Common Stock could be issued, respectively, based upon conversion ratios of 1:1 upon optional conversion of all outstanding shares of Series A convertible Preferred Stock. There are no shares of Single Vote Series B-1 and Series B-1 redeemable convertible Preferred Stock authorized or outstanding as of December 31, 2019 and 2018.

Each share of Series B-2 redeemable convertible Preferred Stock was convertible into either Series A convertible Preferred Stock, Class B Common Stock, or Class A Common Stock, depending upon when the holder would have elected conversion. There are no shares of Series B-2 redeemable convertible Preferred Stock authorized or outstanding as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, as all shares of Series B-2 redeemable convertible Preferred Stock were redeemed by March 30, 2017.

Each share of Series AA convertible Preferred Stock and Series A convertible Preferred Stock will automatically convert at its then effective conversion rate into shares of Class B Common Stock upon the closing of an IPO. Upon a vote or written consent of holders of at least a majority of Series AA convertible Preferred Stock, all outstanding shares of Series AA convertible Preferred Stock shall automatically be converted into shares of Class A Common Stock at the then effective conversion rate. Upon a vote or written consent of holders of at least a majority of Series A convertible Preferred Stock (which must include the consent of a certain significant shareholder or his designee, as long as such significant shareholder or such designee has Voting Power (as defined in the Company’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, the “Charter”) with respect to at least 20% of the outstanding Series A convertible Preferred Stock), all outstanding shares of Series A convertible Preferred Stock shall automatically be converted into shares of Class A Common Stock at the then effective conversion rate. The conversion ratio is subject to adjustment for certain dilutive events, including certain types of stock dividends, stock splits, or a combination of these. As of December 31, 2019, each share of Series AA convertible Preferred Stock and Series A convertible Preferred Stock could be converted, as described above, into one share of Class B Common Stock or one share of Class A Common Stock.

The Series B-1 and Series B-2 redeemable convertible Preferred Stock was redeemable at any time on or after September 29, 2009 upon the receipt by the Company of written notice requesting redemption from the holders representing at least 70% of the voting power of the then-outstanding shares of (i) the Series B-1 and Series B-2 redeemable convertible Preferred Stock or (ii) the Series B-2 redeemable convertible Preferred Stock. Individual holders of the Series B-1 and Series B-2 redeemable convertible Preferred Stock were entitled to elect to be excluded from the mandatory redemption transaction. The initial redemption price for the Series B-1 redeemable convertible Preferred Stock was equal to the original issue price per share ($6.18 per share) of Series B-1 redeemable convertible Preferred Stock plus any declared but unpaid dividends thereon. The initial, and only, redemption price for the Series B-2 redeemable convertible Preferred Stock was equal to two times the original issue price per share ($6.18 per share) of Series B-2 redeemable convertible Preferred Stock plus any declared but unpaid dividends thereon. The mandatory redemption amounts were payable in three equal annual installments, distributed on a pro rata basis to the holders of then-outstanding Series B-1 and Series B-2 redeemable convertible Preferred Stock. Following the payment of all initial redemption amounts, the holders of then-outstanding Series B-1 redeemable convertible Preferred Stock that were redeemed were then entitled to receive a secondary, additional redemption amount equal to one times the original issue price per share ($6.18 per share) of Series B-1 redeemable convertible Preferred Stock. The secondary redemption payments to the holders of then-outstanding Series B-1 redeemable convertible Preferred Stock that were redeemed began 60 days after final payment of all initial redemption amounts.

On November 16, 2012, the Company received a written notice from the holders of 100% of the outstanding shares of the Series B-2 redeemable convertible Preferred Stock, requesting redemption of all of the outstanding shares of Series B Preferred Stock. The Company subsequently informed the holders of the Series B-1 redeemable convertible Preferred Stock that their shares would be redeemed unless they elected to be excluded from the mandatory redemption transaction. One holder of the Series B-1 redeemable convertible Preferred Stock elected to be excluded from the mandatory redemption transaction. The first installment payment was required to take place no later than 60 days subsequent to receipt of the written notice from the holders of the Series B-2 redeemable convertible Preferred Stock. However, the Company exercised its right to accelerate redemption payments and, accordingly, the first installment payment to the holders of the Series B-2 redeemable convertible Preferred Stock was distributed in December 2012 in the amount of $13.3 million, and the second and final installment payments were distributed in July 2013 in the amount of $26.7 million.

The first installment payment to the holders of the Series B-1 redeemable convertible Preferred Stock was distributed in 2013 in the amount of $3.3 million. In the fourth quarter of 2013, two holders of the Series B-1 redeemable convertible Preferred Stock received $1.4 million as payment in full for the redemption of all of their remaining outstanding shares. By accepting this $1.4 million payment, the two holders of the Series B-1 redeemable convertible Preferred Stock elected to forego secondary redemption payments totaling $2.0 million. The second and third installment payments to the other redeeming holders of the Series B-1 redeemable convertible Preferred Stock were distributed in 2014 and 2015 for $2.6 million each. The first and second installment payments under the secondary redemption were paid out in 2015 and 2016 in the amount of $2.6 million each. The third and final installment payment under the secondary redemption to the remaining holders of Series B-1 redeemable convertible Preferred Stock of $2.6 million was paid out in fiscal year 2017.

The Company has a right of first refusal in the event that the holders of Series AA convertible Preferred Stock and Series A convertible Preferred Stock attempt to sell their shares.

In March 2017, Liaison purchased 490,706 shares of Class A Common Stock and 12,782,546 shares of Series A convertible Preferred Stock from existing shareholders for $91.9 million, and 24,870,027 shares of newly-issued Series AA Convertible Preferred Stock from the Company for $172.2 million. These were deemed to be a bundled transaction for accounting purposes. Separate fair value estimates were developed for the Class A Common Stock, Series A convertible Preferred Stock, and Series AA Convertible Preferred Stock as of March 2017. Considerations that Liaison paid to existing shareholders for their Class A Common Stock and Series A convertible Preferred Stock in excess of the estimated fair value was recorded as either additional stock-based compensation expense if the shares sold were originally acquired through stock compensation programs, or as deemed dividend if otherwise. This resulted in stock-based compensation expense of $2.5 million and a deemed dividend of $19.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2017.

Additionally, the Company’s share repurchase transaction in 2018 resulted in $20 million deemed dividend during the year ended December 31, 2018. See Note 14 – Share Repurchase for further discussion about this transaction.

During the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, the total intrinsic value of stock options exercised was $0, $0.8 million and $0, respectively, and the compensation expense for stock options granted included in “Selling, general and administrative expenses” in the consolidated statements of operations totaled $0.2 million, $0.4 million and $0.7 million, respectively.

As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, there were $0.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively, of unrecognized compensation costs related to nonvested options. The weighted average remaining vesting term of the stock option was 0.39 years as of December 31, 2019.

The following table summarizes the activity for restricted stock issued from the Fred Chang Partners Trust under the Re-established Significant Shareholder Incentive Program:

During the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, the compensation expense for restricted shares granted included in “Selling, general and administrative expenses” in the consolidated statement of operations totaled $0.5 million, $0.4 million and $0.8 million, respectively.

As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, there were $3.4 million and $3.9 million, respectively, of unrecognized compensation costs related to restricted stock. The weighted average remaining vesting term of the restricted stock was 6.33 years as of December 31, 2019.

On March 16, 2018, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program authorizing the repurchase of 6,640,447 shares of Series A convertible Preferred Stock and Class A Common Stock. The following table identifies shares of the Company’s Series A convertible Preferred Stock and Class A Common Stock that were repurchased during 2018:

The repurchase price of $6.93 per share for the Class A Common Stock and Series A convertible Preferred Stock in excess over the fair value was recorded as additional stock-based compensation expense if the shares repurchased were originally acquired through stock compensation programs. If the shares were not originally acquired through stock compensation programs, the repurchase price in excess of the carrying value of the preferred shares was recorded as a deemed dividend. This resulted in a $3.1 million stock-based compensation expense and a $20 million deemed dividend during the year ended December 31, 2018. The Company did not repurchase any shares for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2017. The excess of the repurchase price over the par value of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock and Class A Common Stock was recorded in additional paid-in capital.

The following table summarizes the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per common share (in thousands, except per share data):

The following shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share calculation as their effect would have been anti-dilutive (in thousands):

In 2017, the Company, along with two of its subsidiaries and various third parties, were named as defendants in a case brought by four South Korean banks in U.S. District Court for the Central District of California. The complaint alleged claims for intentional and negligent misrepresentation, negligent supervision and unfair competition, and sought damages against the Company and two subsidiaries. In April 2018, the Court dismissed all claims against Newegg Trading Limited without prejudice. In October 2018, the court granted the Company’s motion to dismiss all claims against the Company and its remaining subsidiary without leave to amend.

The Company maintains a 401(k) defined-contribution plan for the benefit of its eligible employees. All full-time domestic employees who have completed at least six months of service and are at least 18 years of age are eligible to participate in the plan. Eligible employees may elect to contribute up to 100% of their eligible compensation. The Company’s matching contributions are made at the discretion of the Company’s Board of Directors. In addition, the Company may make a profit-sharing contribution at the sole discretion of the Board of Directors. Total contributions by the Company for each of the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 were $1.8 million. Contributions made by the Company are immediately 100% vested.

On April 17, 2018, the Company acquired an equity interest in Mountain Capital Fund L.P. from Pegasus. The sole owner of Pegasus is the spouse of a member of the Company’s Board of Directors.

On April 13, 2017, the Company loaned $12.0 million to Digital Grid under a term loan agreement with a maturity date of April 18, 2017 and an interest rate equal to the Prime Rate, as defined in the loan agreement (the “$12.0 Million Loan”). The $12.0 Million Loan was collateralized by a security interest in 2,000,000 Series AA convertible Preferred Stock of the Company held by Digital Grid.

On June 16, 2017, the Company loaned $50.0 million to Digital Grid under a term loan agreement with a maturity date of June 15, 2018 and an interest rate of 4% per annum (the “$50.0 Million Loan”). The $50.0 Million Loan was collateralized by a security interest in 43,167 Series C Shares of Razer Inc., a company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands (“Razer”), held by Digital Grid.

On March 20, 2018, the Company loaned $20.0 million to Digital Grid under a term loan agreement with a maturity date of June 15, 2018 and an interest rate equal to 4% per annum (the “$20.0 Million Loan”). The $20.0 Million Loan was collateralized by a security interest in 362,732,301 Ordinary Shares of Razer held by Digital Grid.

On May 11, 2018, the Company and Digital Grid entered into an amended and restated loan agreement which combined all of the remaining unpaid principal and interest on the $50.0 Million Loan and the $20.0 Million Loan into an amended and restated secured promissory note of approximately $23.3M (the “$23.3 Million Loan”). The $23.3 Million Loan replaces, amends, and restates in their respective entirety the $50.0 Million Loan and the $20.0 Million Loan. The $23.3 Million Loan had a maturity date of June 15, 2018 and carried an interest rate equal to 4% per annum. This loan was collateralized by a security interest in certain convertible bonds of China Digital Culture (Group) Limited, a company incorporated in the Cayman Islands, in the amount of HK$412,500,000 held by Digital Grid.

On June 15, 2018, the Company and Digital Grid entered into the First Amendment to the $23.3 Million Loan, pursuant to which the interest rate was amended to 5% per annum and the maturity date was extended to September 30, 2018. The $23.3 Million Loan was paid back in full by September 11, 2018. As of December 31, 2018, there was no outstanding principal balance receivable from affiliate.

During the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company recorded interest income of $0.9 million and $1.1 million, respectively, from loans to affiliate in interest income in the consolidated statement of operations. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company’s interest income from loans to affiliate included in interest income in the consolidated statement of operations was immaterial. As of December 31, 2019, the amount of interest receivable on the $15.0 Million Loan outstanding as a component of “Dues from related parties” in the consolidated balance sheets was immaterial. As of December 31, 2018, there was no outstanding interest receivable from loans to affiliate.

Due from related parties and net sales to related parties primarily reflect sales of finished goods and services with the exception of loans to affiliate as discussed above.

The following table summarizes net property, plant and equipment by country (in thousands):

The Company has evaluated subsequent events from the balance sheet date through October 23, 2020, the date the consolidated financial statements were issued.

During June 2020, the Company granted a total of 7.528 million options under the Incentive Award Plan with an original exercise price of $3.20 per share. For most grantees, the options vest at the rate of twenty-five percent on the first anniversary of the grant date, with the remaining portion vesting in 36 equal monthly increments thereafter. For grantees who are residents of the People’s Republic of China, the options vest each year at the rate of twenty-five percent upon the date of the latter of the following to occur: on the anniversary of the grant date or the date the Company’s Class A Common shares first become publicly traded.

Also, in June 2020, the Company granted a total of 1.36 million options under the Incentive Award Plan with an original exercise price of $6.93 per share. These options vest at the rate of twenty-five percent on the first anniversary of the grant date, with the remaining portion vesting in 36 equal monthly increments thereafter.

In September 2020, the Company paid back the revolving credit facility of $1.4 million in full.

In October 2020, the Company entered into a lease agreement for 275,985 square feet of office and warehouse space, with commencement date on November 1, 2020. The lease has a 100 month term, and rental cost of approximately $193,000 per month.

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Lianluo Smart Limited and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2019, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, changes in equity and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2019, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the period ended December 31, 2019, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 2, the Company has experienced negative operating cash flows. These matters raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements. These consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audit we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Lianluo Smart Limited and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2018, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, changes in equity and cash flows for the two years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the two years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

On April 22, 2010, the Company completed an initial public offering of 187,500 common shares. The offering was completed at an issuance price of $64.00 per share. Prior to the offering, the Company had 375,000 issued and outstanding shares, and after the offering, the Company had 562,500 issued and outstanding shares.

On April 28, 2016, the Company entered into a definitive securities purchase agreement (the “SPA”) with Hangzhou Lianluo Interactive Information Technology Co., Ltd. (“Lianluo Interactive” or “Hangzhou Lianluo”) to sell 1,388,888 of its common shares and warrants to purchase common shares to Lianluo Interactive for an aggregate purchase price of $20 million (Note 14).

Lianluo Smart distributed and provided after-sale services for medical equipment in China mainly through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Beijing Dehaier Medical Technology Co., Limited (“Beijing Dehaier”) and Lianluo Connection Medical Wearable Device Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. (“Lianluo Connection”), which were both formed in Beijing, the PRC, for the business development in the health equipment market.

Currently, Lianluo Smart owns 100% of Lianluo Connection and Lianluo Connection owns 100% of Beijing Dehaier.

Lianluo Smart, through its subsidiaries, now distributes branded, proprietary medical equipment, such as sleep apnea machines, ventilator air compressors, and laryngoscope. Standard product registration, product certification and quality management system have been established; ISO13485 industry standard has also already been passed. It also has the distribution rights for a number of international medical equipment suppliers for products including ventilator, laryngoscope, sleep apnea machines and other medical equipment accessories.

As of December 31, 2019, the Company had $0.02 million in cash and cash equivalents which decreased from $0.48 million at December 31, 2018. The Company’s principal sources of liquidity have been proceeds from issuances of equity securities, and loans from banks and related parties. As reflected in the consolidated financial statements, the Company had a net loss of $4.45 million and used $1.67 million of cash in operation activities for the year ended December 31, 2019. The Company had a working capital deficiency of $1.56 million. This has raised substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. In February and March 2020, the Company obtained approximately $7.2 million equity financing. Considering equity financing and the cost cutting activities, the Company believes that the current cash and cash equivalents and the anticipated cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet the anticipated working capital requirements and expenditures for the next 12 months. The Company may, however, decide to enhance the liquidity position or increase the cash reserve for future investments or operations through additional capital, and finance funding from banks and/or related parties. The issuance and sale of additional equity would result in further dilution to the Company’s shareholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased fixed obligations and could result in operating covenants that would restrict the operations.

As described in Note 21, on January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (“WHO”) announced a global health emergency because of a new strain of coronavirus originating in Wuhan, China (the “COVID-19 outbreak”) and the risks to the international community as the virus spreads globally beyond its point of origin. In March 2020, the WHO classified the COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic, based on the rapid increase in exposure globally.

The full impact of the COVID-19 outbreak continues to evolve as of the date of this report. As such, it is uncertain as to the full magnitude that the pandemic will have on the Company’s financial condition, liquidity, and future results of operations. Management is actively monitoring the global situation on its financial condition, liquidity, operations, suppliers, industry, and workforce. Given the daily evolution of the COVID-19 outbreak and the global responses to curb its spread, the Company is not able to estimate the effects of the COVID-19 outbreak on its results of operations, financial condition, or liquidity for fiscal year 2020.

As a result of these events, the Company assessed its near-term operations, working capital, finances and capital formation opportunities, and implemented, in late December 2019 and early February 2020, a downsizing of our operations, including workforce reductions, reductions of salaried employee compensation and a reduction of hours worked to preserve cash resources, cut costs and focus the Company’s operations on customer-centric sales and project management activities. The extent to which COVID-19 will impact the Company’s business and financial results will depend on future developments, which are uncertain and cannot be predicted at this time.

The Company’s service was suspended due to restrictions and hospital closures except for essential services in February 2020 and recovered gradually in March 2020 as hospitals began to resume business.

The duration and likelihood of success of the Company’s downsizing effort, workforce reduction and cost-cutting measures are uncertain. If these actions do not meet the expectations, or additional capital is not available, the Company may not be able to continue their operations. Other factors that will affect the ability to continue operations include the market demand for the products and services, the ability to service the needs of the Company’s customers and prospects with a reduced workforce, potential contract cancellations, project scope reductions and project delays, management of the working capital, the availability of cash to fund the operations, and the continuation of normal payment terms and conditions for purchase of the products and services.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”).

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Lianluo Smart and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All inter-company transactions and balances are eliminated in consolidation.

Accordingly, all share and per share information has been restated to retroactively show the effect of this share combination.

The functional currency of Lianluo Smart Limited is United States dollars (“$” or “$”). The functional currency of Beijing Dehaier and Lianluo Connection are Renminbi (“RMB”), and PRC is the primary economic environment in which the Company operates. Transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions. The resulting exchange differences are included in the determination of net income for the respective periods.

The financial statements of the Company’s foreign operations are translated into $ in accordance with ASC 830-10, “Foreign Currency Matters”. For financial reporting purposes, the financial statements of the Company’s PRC subsidiary are prepared using RMB are translated into Company’s reporting currency, the $. Assets and liabilities are translated using the exchange rate at each balance sheet date. Revenue and expenses are translated using average rates prevailing during each reporting period, and Shareholders’ equity is translated at historical exchange rates except for the change in retained earnings during the year which is the result of the income. The cumulative translation adjustments are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income in the accompanying consolidated statements of shareholders’ equity.

No representation is made that the RMB amounts could have been, or could be, converted into U.S. dollars at the rates used in translation. The source of the exchange rates is generated from People’s Bank of China.

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Estimates are adjusted to reflect actual experience when necessary. Significant accounting estimates reflected in the Company’s consolidated financial statements include revenue recognition, reserve for doubtful accounts, valuation of inventories, impairment testing of long-term assets, standard warranty obligation, warrants liability, stock-based compensation, recoverability of intangible assets, property and equipment, and realization of deferred tax assets. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and highly liquid investments which are unrestricted as to withdrawal or use, and which have maturities of three months or less when purchased. The Company maintains uninsured cash and cash equivalents with various financial institutions in the PRC.

Accounts receivable are presented net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses. The Company reviews the accounts receivable on a periodic basis and makes general and specific allowance when there is doubt as to the collectability of individual balances. In evaluating the collectability of individual receivable balance, the Company considers many factors, including the age of the balance, a customer’s historical payment history, its current credit-worthiness and current economic trends. Accounts are written off after exhaustive efforts at collection. Accounts receivable terms typically are net 60-180 days from when the services were provided, or when goods were delivered. At December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company has established, based on a review of its outstanding balances, an allowance for doubtful accounts in the amounts of $36,416 and $26,773, respectively.

Other receivables and prepayments primarily include advances to employees, prepaid rentals and deposits to landlords and service providers. Management regularly reviews aging of receivables and prepayments and changes in payment trends and records a reserve when management believes collection of amounts due are at risk. Accounts considered uncollectible are written off after exhaustive efforts at collection.

The Company, as a common practice in the PRC, often makes advance payments to suppliers for unassembled parts. Advances to suppliers are reviewed periodically to determine whether their carrying value has become impaired.

ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” requires disclosure of the fair value of financial instruments held by the Company. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. ASC Topic 825, “Financial Instruments,” defines fair value and establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosures of fair value measurement that enhances disclosure requirements for fair value measures. The Company’s carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets for receivables and current liabilities each qualify as financial instruments are a reasonable estimate of their fair values because carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, other payables and accrued liabilities approximate fair value because of the short-term nature of these items. The estimated fair values of short-term related party borrowings were not materially different from their carrying value as presented due to the short maturities. As the carrying amounts are reasonable estimates of the fair value, these financial instruments are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. The three levels of valuation hierarchy are defined as follows:

Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The marketable equity securities are accounted at fair value, with changes in fair value recorded through earnings. The fair value of marketable equity securities was determined using the quote price in the active market, with Level 1 inputs (Note 9).

The fair value of warrants was determined using the Black Scholes Model, with level 3 inputs (Note 14).

For warrants that are not indexed to the Company’s stock, the Company records the fair value of the issued warrants as a liability at each balance sheet date and records changes in the estimated fair value as a non-cash gain or loss in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income. The warrant liability is recognized in the balance sheet at the fair value (level 3). The fair value of these warrants has been determined using the Black-Scholes pricing mode. The Black-Scholes pricing model provides for assumptions regarding volatility, call and put features and risk-free interest rates within the total period to maturity.

Inventories include raw materials, working in progress and finished goods and consist of assembled and unassembled parts relating to medical devices. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined on a weighted-average basis. Management compares the cost of inventories with the net realizable value and writes down inventories to net realizable value, if lower. Net realizable value is based on estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business less cost to sell. These estimates are based on the current market and economic condition and the historical experience of selling products of similar nature. Management of the Company reassesses the estimations at the end of each reporting period.

Property and equipment are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis over the following estimated useful lives:

Construction in progress represents capital expenditures for direct costs of construction or acquisition. Capitalization of these costs ceases and the construction in progress is transferred to the appropriate category of property, plant and equipment when substantially all the activities necessary to prepare the assets for their intended use are completed. Construction in progress is not depreciated.

Intangible assets are recorded at cost less accumulated amortization and impairment losses, if any. Amortization is calculated on a straight-line basis over the following estimated useful lives:

Long-lived assets such as property and equipment and intangible assets subject to amortization are reviewed for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be fully recoverable. When these events occur, the Company compares the carrying value of the long-lived assets to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and eventual disposition. If the sum of the expected future undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset, an impairment loss, equal to the excess of the carrying amount over the fair value of the asset, is recognized. Fair value is generally determined using the asset’s expected future discounted cash flows or market value, if readily determinable. Based on its review, the Company determined that, for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, impairment loss for intangible assets was $nil and $3,281,779, respectively.

The Company’s equity securities represent equity investments in Guardion Health Sciences, Inc. (“GHSI”) made in November 2017. The Company holds less than 5% of the GHSI’s total shares. Details see Note 9. The equity securities were accounted for as non-marketable securities in 2018 on the balance sheets and as marketable securities in 2019 when GHSI went public in April 5, 2019.

Prior to January 1, 2018, the Company accounted for the equity securities at cost and only adjusted for other-than-temporary declines in fair value and distributions of earnings. An impairment loss was recognized in the consolidated statements of operations equal to the excess of the investment’s cost over its fair value at the balance sheet date of the reporting period for which the assessment was made. The fair value would then become the new cost basis of investments.

Subsequent to the adoption of ASU 2016-01 on January 1, 2018, equity investments, except for those accounted for under the 2016-01 equity method, those that result in consolidation of the investee and certain other investments, are measured at fair value, and any changes in fair value are recognized in earnings. For equity securities without readily determinable fair value and do not qualify for the existing practical expedient in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (“ASC 820”) to estimate fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) of the investment, the Company elected to use the measurement alternative to measure those investments at cost, less any impairment, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investments of the same issuer, if any. Pursuant to ASU 2016-01, for equity investments measured at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in earnings, the Company does not assess whether those securities are impaired. For those equity investments that the Company elects to use the measurement alternative, the Company makes a qualitative assessment of whether the investment is impaired at each reporting date.

As of December 31, 2018, the investment without readily determinable fair value was accounted for under the measurement alternative method of accounting. The investment was measured at cost, less any impairment, plus or minus any changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for an identical or similar investment of the same issuer. As of December 31, 2019, the investment was accounted at fair value with changes recorded through earnings.

In May 2014 the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (ASC 606), which supersedes all existing revenue recognition requirements, including most industry specific guidance. This new standard requires a company to recognize revenues when it transfers goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that the company expects to receive for those goods or services. We adopted these amendments with ASU 2014-09 (collectively, the new revenue standards).

The new revenue standards became effective for the Company on January 1, 2018, and were adopted using the modified retrospective method. The adoption of the new revenue standards as of January 1, 2018 did not change the Company’s revenue recognition as the majority of its revenues continue to be recognized when the customer takes control of its product or services. As the Company did not identify any accounting changes that impacted the amount of reported revenues with respect to its product revenues, no adjustment to accumulated deficit was required upon adoption.

Under the new revenue standards, the Company recognizes revenues when its customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration which it expects to receive in exchange for those goods. The Company recognizes revenues following the five step model prescribed under ASU No. 2014-09: (i) identify contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenues when (or as) the Company satisfies the performance obligation.

The following is a description of principal activities from which the Company generates revenue and related revenue recognition policies:

The Company distributes medical equipment, such as sleep apnea machines, ventilator air compressors, laryngoscope, in China. Control of products sold transfers to customers upon shipment from the Company’s facilities, and the Company’s performance obligations are satisfied at that time. Shipping and handling activities are performed before the customer obtains control of the goods and therefore represent a fulfillment activity rather than a promised service to the customer. The Company also provides after-sale services for medical equipment, such as sleep apnea machines, ventilator air compressors, laryngoscope, in China. The Company typically sells its branded products with standard warranty terms covering 12 months after purchase. The warranty requires the Company to repair all mechanical malfunctions and, if necessary, replace defective components.

The Company evaluates its arrangements with distributors and determines that it is the primary obligor in the sales of distributed products, is subject to inventory risk, has latitude in establishing prices, and assumes credit risk for the amount billed to the customer, or has several but not all of these indicators. In accordance with ASC 606, the Company determines that it is appropriate to record the gross amount of product sales and related costs. As the Company is a principal and it obtains control of the specified goods before they are transferred to the customers, the revenues should be recognized in the gross amount of consideration to which it expects to be entitled in exchange for the specified goods transferred.

Starting from 2018, the Company started to earn service revenue from provision of technical services in relation to detection and analysis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (“OSAS”). The Company is focused on the promotion of sleep respiratory solutions and service in public hospitals. Its wearable sleep diagnostic products and cloud-based service are also available in medical centers of Chinese private preventive healthcare companies in China. Revenue is recognized when the Company’s diagnostic services are provided to the user at medical centers and public hospitals.

In the PRC, value added tax (“VAT”) of 13% and 6% of the invoice amount is collected in respect of the sales of goods and service rendered, respectively, on behalf of tax authorities. The VAT collected is not revenue of the Company; instead, the amount is recorded as a liability on the balance sheet until such VAT is paid to the authorities.

Cost of revenues primarily includes wages to assemble parts and the costs of unassembled parts, other expenses associated with the assembly and distribution of products and depreciation of fixed assets in the provision of services.

Selling expenses consist primarily of salaries and related expenses for personnel engaged in sales, marketing and customer support functions, and costs associated with advertising and other marketing activities, and depreciation expenses related to equipment used for sales and marketing activities.

General and administrative expenses primarily consist of salaries and benefits and related costs for our administrative personnel and management, stock-based compensation, expenses associated with our research and development, registration of patents and intellectual property rights in China and abroad, fees and expenses of our outside advisers, including legal, audit and register expenses, expenses associated with our administrative offices, and the depreciation of equipment used for administrative purposes.

Advertising expenses are expensed as incurred. For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, advertising and promotional expenses recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss were $19,811, $56,259 and $76,592, respectively.

The Company typically sells its branded products with standard warranty terms covering 12 months after purchase. The warranty requires the Company to repair all mechanical malfunctions and, if necessary, replace defective components.

The Company provides for the estimated cost of product warranties at the time revenue is recognized and records warranty expenses in the selling expenses. The Company’s warranty obligation is affected by product failure rates and material usage and service delivery costs incurred in correcting product failure. Should actual material usage or service delivery costs differ from the Company’s estimates, the Company may reverse warranty liability at warranty expiry date.

Recovery gain from warranty expense accrued for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 was $(7,911), $(10,261) and $(130,885), respectively.

Research and development costs relating to the development of new products and processes, including significant improvements and refinements to existing products, are expensed as incurred, and included in general and administrative expenses. Research and development costs were $0, $301,713 and $344,575 for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Government subsidies primarily consist of financial subsidies received from provincial and local governments for operating a business in their jurisdictions and compliance with specific policies promoted by the local governments. For certain government subsidies, there are no defined rules and regulations to govern the criteria necessary for companies to receive such benefits, and the amount of government subsidy is determined at the discretion of the relevant government authorities. The government subsidies of non-operating nature with no further conditions to be met are recorded as non-operating income in “Other income” when received. The government subsidies with certain operating conditions are recorded as “deferred income” when received and will be recorded as operating income when the conditions are met. During the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, government subsidies with no further conditions to be met of $0, $0 and $17,394, respectively, were recorded.

The Company follows the provisions of ASC 260-10, “Earnings per Share”. The Company has been authorized to issue Class A and Class B common stock. The two classes of common stock are substantially identical in all material respects, except for voting rights. Since the Company did not declare any dividends during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the net loss per common share attributable to each class is the same under the “two-class” method. As such, the two classes of common stock have been presented on a combined basis in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income and in the above computation of net income per common share.

Diluted loss per share reflect the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common shares were exercised or converted into common shares. Common stock equivalents having an anti-dilutive effect on earnings per share are excluded from the calculation of diluted loss per share.

The Company reports revenues, net of PRC’s value added tax, for all the periods presented in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

The Company accounts for stock-based share-based compensation awards to employees at fair value on the grant date and recognizes the expense over the employee’s requisite service period. The Company’s expected volatility assumption is based on the historical volatility of Company’s stock or the expected volatility of similar entities. The expected life assumption is primarily based on historical exercise patterns and employee post-vesting termination behavior. The risk-free interest rate for the expected term of the option is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. The expected dividend is zero based on the Company’s current and expected dividend policy.

Share-based compensation expenses for stock-based share-based compensation awards granted to non-employees are measured at fair value at the earlier of the performance commitment date or the date service is completed, and recognized over the period during which the service is provided. The Company applies the guidance in ASC 718 to measure share options and restricted shares granted to non-employees based on the then-current fair value at each reporting date.

Comprehensive income is comprised of net income and all changes to the statements of stockholders’ equity, except those due to investments by stockholders, changes in paid-in capital and distributions to stockholders. For the Company, comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 included cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments.

The Company’s segments are business units that offer different products and services and are reviewed separately by the chief operating decision maker (the “CODM”), in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company’s CODM is the Company’s Chief Executive Officer. During 2017, there was only one segment, which is the business of developing, commercializing and distribution of medical equipment, such as sleep apnea machines, ventilator air compressors, and laryngoscope. During 2018, the Company started to earn service revenue from provision of technical services in relation to diagnosis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (“OSAS”). The Company is focused on the promotion of sleep respiratory solutions and service in public hospitals. Its wearable sleep diagnostic products and cloud-based service are also available in medical centers of Chinese private preventive healthcare companies in China. We have two reportable segments: sale of medical equipment and provision of OSAS during 2018 and 2019.

The total assets for the two reportable segments were shared and indistinguishable for reporting purposes.

The Company’s operations are carried out in the PRC. Accordingly, the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations may be influenced by the political, economic and legal environment in the PRC, and by the general state of the PRC’s economy. The Company’s operation in the PRC is subject to special considerations and significant risks not typically associated with companies in North America and Western Europe. These include risks associated with, among others, the political, economic and legal environment and foreign currency exchange. The Company’s results may be adversely affected by changes in the political and social conditions in the PRC, and by changes in governmental policies with respect to laws and regulations, anti-inflationary measures, currency conversion, remittances aboard, and rates and methods of taxation, among other things.

Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and trade accounts receivable. All of the Company’s cash is maintained with state-owned banks within the PRC and none of these deposits are covered by insurance. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts. A portion of the Company’s sales are credit sales which are primarily to customers whose abilities to pay are dependent upon the industry economics prevailing in these areas; however, concentrations of credit risk with respect to trade accounts receivables are limited due to generally short payment terms. The Company also performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers to help further reduce credit risk.

The Company cannot guarantee that the current exchange rate will remain steady. Therefore, there is a possibility that the Company could post the same amount of profit for two comparable periods and yet, because of a fluctuating exchange rates, record higher or lower profit depending on exchange rate of PRC Renminbi (RMB) converted to U.S. dollars on the relevant dates. The exchange rate could fluctuate depending on changes in the political and economic environment without notice.

The Company uses the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, “Accounting for Income Taxes.” Under this method, income tax expense is recognized for the amount of: (i) taxes payable or refundable for the current year; and, (ii) deferred tax consequences of temporary differences resulting from matters that have been recognized in an entity’s financial statements or tax returns. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the results of operations in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation reserve is provided to reduce the deferred tax assets reported if, based on the weight of available positive and negative evidence. Based on management’s estimate, it is more likely than not that all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

ASC 740 prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition of a tax position taken or expected to be taken on a tax return. Under ASC 740, a tax benefit from an uncertain tax position taken or expected to be taken may be recognized only if it is “more likely than not” that the position is sustainable upon examination, based on its technical merits. The tax benefit of a qualifying position under ASC 740 would equal the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority having full knowledge of all the relevant information. A liability (including interest and penalties, if applicable) is established in the financial statements to the extent a current benefit has been recognized on a tax return for matters that are considered contingent upon the outcome of an uncertain tax position. Related interest and penalties, if any, are included as components of income tax expense and income taxes payable.

The implementation of ASC 740 resulted in no material liability for unrecognized tax benefits. The Company recognizes interest and penalties, if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense in the statements of income and comprehensive income. During the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, the Company did not incur any interest or penalties.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606).” This guidance supersedes current guidance on revenue recognition in Topic 605, “Revenue Recognition.” In addition, there are disclosure requirements related to the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue recognition. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14 to defer the effective date of ASU No. 2014-09 for all entities by one year. For public business entities that follow U.S. GAAP, the deferral results in the new revenue standard are being effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. We applied the new revenue standard beginning January 1, 2018. We have analyzed the Company’s revenue from contracts with customers in accordance with the new revenue standard and determined the impact on the consolidated financial statements was not material.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, “Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting”, which expands the requirements of ASC Topic 718 to include nonemployee share-based payment awards while it retains specific guidance related to the attribution of compensation cost and provides for potential differences in the valuation of options. ASU 2018-07 supersedes Subtopic 505-50, “Equity—Equity-Based Payments to Non-Employees”, and is effective for public business entities for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. We adopted the ASU 2018-07 beginning January 1, 2019. The standard did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases (“ASU 2018-10”) and ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842), Targeted Improvements (“ASU 2018-11”). The amendments in ASU 2018-10 affect only narrow aspects of the guidance issued in the amendments in ASU 2016-02, including but not limited to lease residual value guarantee, rate implicit in the lease and lease term and purchase option. The amendments in ASU 2018-11 provide an optional transition method for adoption of the new standard, which will allow entities to continue to apply the legacy guidance in ASC 840, including its disclosure requirements, in the comparative periods presented in the year of adoption.

Effective January 1, 2019 we adopted the new standard using the modified retrospective approach and implemented internal controls to enable the preparation of financial information upon adoption. We elected to adopt both the transition relief provided in ASU 2018-11 and the package of practical expedients which allowed us, among other things, to retain historical lease classifications and accounting for any leases that existed prior to adoption of the standard. Additionally, we elected the practical expedients allowing us not to separate lease and non-lease components and not record leases with an initial term of twelve months or less (“short-term leases”) on the balance sheet across all existing asset classes. The standard did not materially impact our consolidated statements of operations or cash flows.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”, which will be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The guidance replaces the incurred loss impairment methodology with an expected credit loss model for which a company recognizes an allowance based on the estimate of expected credit loss. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): simplifying the test for goodwill impairment”, the guidance removes Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. Goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not the difference between the fair value and carrying amount of goodwill which was the step 2 test before. The ASU should be adopted on a prospective basis for the annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, “Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement.” This standard eliminates the current requirement to disclose the amount or reason for transfers between level 1 and level 2 of the fair value hierarchy and the requirement to disclose the valuation methodology for level 3 fair value measurements. The standard includes additional disclosure requirements for level 3 fair value measurements, including the requirement to disclose the changes in unrealized gains and losses in other comprehensive income during the period and permits the disclosure of other relevant quantitative information for certain unobservable inputs. The new guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company does not anticipate that the adoption of the new standard will have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, “Internal-Use Software – Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement.” This ASU aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement service contract with the guidance to capitalize implementation costs of internal use software. The ASU also requires that the costs for implementation activities during the application development phase be capitalized in a hosting arrangement service contract, and costs during the preliminary and post implementation phase are expensed. The new guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adoption of this standard, but does not anticipate that the adoption will have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

In October 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-17, Consolidation (Topic 810): Targeted Improvements to Related Party Guidance for Variable Interest Entities, (“ASU 2018-17”). ASU 2018-17 requires reporting entities to consider indirect interests held through related parties under common control on a proportional basis rather than as the equivalent of a direct interest in its entirety for determining whether a decision-making fee is a variable interest. The standard is effective for all entities for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. Entities are required to apply the amendments in ASU 2018-17 retrospectively with a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings at the beginning of the earliest period presented. The Company does not anticipate that the adoption of the new standard will have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

In April 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-04, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments, (“ASU 2019-04”). ASU 2019-04 clarifies and improves areas of guidance related to the recently issued standards on credit losses (ASU 2016-13), hedging (ASU 2017-12), and recognition and measurement of financial instruments (ASU 2016-01). The amendments generally have the same effective dates as their related standards. If already adopted, the amendments of ASU 2016-01 and ASU 2016-13 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 and the amendments of ASU 2017-12 are effective as of the beginning of the Company’s next annual reporting period; early adoption is permitted. The Company previously adopted ASU 2016-01. The Company does not anticipate that the adoption of the new standard will have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-03, Codification Improvements to Financial Instruments, (“ASU 2020-03”). ASU 2020-03 improves various financial instruments topics, including the CECL Standard. ASU 2020-03 includes seven different issues that describe the areas of improvement and the related amendments to GAAP, intended to make the standards easier to understand and apply by eliminating inconsistencies and providing clarifications. The amendments related to Issue 1, Issue 2, Issue 4 and Issue 5 were effective upon issuance of ASU 2020-03. The amendments related to Issue 3, Issue 6 and Issue 7 were effective for the Company beginning on January 1, 2020. The Company does not anticipate that the adoption of the new standard will have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

During the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, bad debts (recovery of bad debts) were $10,148, $5,826 and $(46,831) respectively.

Other receivables and prepayments as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 consist of the following:

During the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, bad debts on other receivables were $499, $16,403 and $32,213, respectively.

During the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, write-downs of inventories to lower of cost or net realizable value of $2,363, $0 and $(73,860), respectively, were (credited against) charged to costs of revenue in relation to the Company’s operations. Subsequent sale of impaired inventory items is recorded as credits to inventory write-downs previously recorded.

Property and equipment as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 consist of the following:

Depreciation from the Company’s operations was $778,117, $467,929 and $974,432 for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 respectively.

The Company did not record any impairment on its property and equipment for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017.

Amortization expense from the Company’s continuing operations was $0, $359,701 and $353,971 for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

The Company recorded impairment on its intangible assets from its continuing operations $0, $3,281,779 and $0 for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2018, as a result of lower-than-expected revenue performance of the Company, management determined not to further update and maintain its software copyright and patent for the therapy products of sleep respiratory business. The unamortized software copyright and patent and others of $3,281,779 were fully impaired.

On November 3, 2017 (the “Effective Date”), the Company completed a purchase of an aggregate of 1,304,348 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Shares”) of Guardion Health Sciences, Inc. (“GHSI” or the “Seller”), at a purchase price of $1.15 per Share (or a purchase price of $1.5 million in the aggregate) in a private placement (the “Private Placement”). The Private Placement occurred pursuant to a Stock Purchase Agreement dated November 3, 2017 (the “Purchase Agreement”) by and among GHSI as Seller and (i) LLIT and (ii) Digital Grid (Hong Kong) Technology Co., Limited (“DGHKT”; and together with LLIT, “Purchasers”), as purchasers of, in aggregate, 4,347,827 Shares for aggregate purchase price of $5.0 million. The investments account for less five percent of GHSI’s total shares.

Prior to January 1, 2018, the Company accounted for the equity securities at cost and only adjusted for other-than-temporary declines in fair value and distributions of earnings. As of December 31, 2018, under ASU 2016-01 the Company elected to measure this equity investment using the measurement alternative, which requires that the investment is measured at cost, less any impairment, plus or minus any changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for an identical or similar investment of the same issuer. For the year ended December 31, 2018 the investment was not impaired and there were no observable price changes.

On January 30, 2019, GHSI effectuated a one-for-two (1:2) reverse stock split of its common stock without any change to its par value. On April 9, 2019, GHSI closed its initial public offering of 1,250,000 shares of its common stock at a public offering price of $4.00 per share for total gross proceeds of $5.0 million, before deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering costs and expenses payable by it. GHSI’s shares began trading on the NASDAQ Capital Market on April 5, 2019 under the symbol “GHSI”.

The Company accounted for the equity securities as marketable securities as of December 31, 2019. The share price of GHSI at December 31, 2019 is $0.22 per share, based on which the Company re-valued its equity securities in GHSI and recognized the fair value change of $1,356,565 through unrealized loss on marketable securities.

Interest expense on short-term borrowings amounted to $0, $200,799 and $6,246 for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Other payables and other current liabilities as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 consist of the following:

Rent expense for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 was $206,006, $301,021 and $244,860, respectively. The lease commitment is $46,340 with a contract maturity date at December 16, 2020. All of Company’s leases were short term (less than 12 months) and the Company elected the practical expedient not to record right of use of assets related to short term leases.

LLIT is authorized to issue 4,736,111 shares of Class A common stock and 1,513,889 shares of Class B common stock, each with a par value of $0.021848. Each share of Class A common stock is entitled to one vote, and each share of Class B common stock is entitled to ten votes and is convertible at any time into one share of Class A common stock. Shares of Class A common stock and Class B common stock are treated equally, identically and ratably with respect to any dividends declared by the Board of Directors unless the Board of Directors declares different dividends to the Class A common stock and Class B common stock by getting approval from a majority of common stock holders.

On April 28, 2016, the Company entered into a definitive securities purchase agreement with Hangzhou Lianluo pursuant to which Hangzhou Lianluo has agreed to purchase 1,388,888 common shares of the Company for an aggregate of $20,000,000. The purchase price is $14.40 per share, which represents a 35% premium to the Company’s closing price of $10.64 on April 27, 2016. In August 2016, the Company closed the securities purchase agreement (the “Securities Purchase Agreement”) with Hangzhou Lianluo and Hangzhou Lianluo completed the purchase of $20 million of the Company’s common shares and warrants to purchase common shares (Note 14). As of December 31, 2016, the Company reported a subscription receivable of $1,492,538 from Hangzhou Lianluo which had been collected on April 13, 2017.

On June 8, 2017, the Company held the Annual General Meeting to approve the amend and restate the Company’s amended and restated Memorandum and Articles of Association (the “New M&AAs”) in order that the Company’s authorized share capital be re-classified and re-designated into 6,250,000 Common Shares of par value of $0.021848 each, of which 4,736,111 would be designated as Class A Common Shares of par value of $0.021848 each and 1,513,889 be designated as Class B Common Shares of par value of $0.021848 each.

In 2018, the Company issued an aggregate of 34,375 common shares to a consultant under the Company’s incentive plan for advice and services provided concerning the Company’s merger and acquisition planning, development and strategy implementation. The 34,375 common shares were issued in two tranches including 17,187 common shares issued on February 21, 2018 and 17,187 common shares issued on March 5, 2018. The fair value of the 34,375 common shares was $835,999, which was calculated based on the grant date stock price of $25.44 on February 21, 2018 and of $23.20 on March 5, 2018. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company amortized $835,999 as consulting expenses.

Also in 2018, the Company issued 25,000 common shares to a consulting firm for management consulting and advisory services to be provided for a period of 12 months up to August 15, 2019. The fair value of these shares on the grant date based on the closing price was approximately $288,000. During the year ended December 31, 2018 and 2019, the Company amortized $108,888 and $179,112 as consulting expenses.

At December 31, 2019 and 2018, the number of shares of Class A common stock issued and outstanding was 836,933. At December 31, 2019 and 2018, the number of shares of Class B common stock issued and outstanding was 1,388,888.

A PRC company is required to make appropriations to statutory surplus reserve, based on after-tax net income determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles of the PRC (“PRC GAAP”). Appropriations to the statutory surplus reserve is required to be at least 10% of the after-tax net income determined in accordance with PRC GAAP until the reserve is equal to 50% of the entity’s’ registered capital.

The statutory surplus reserve fund is non-distributable other than during liquidation and can be used to fund previous years’ losses, if any, and may be utilized for business expansion or converted into share capital by issuing new shares to existing shareholders in proportion to their shareholding or by increasing the par value of shares currently held by them, provided that the remaining statutory surplus reserve balance after such issue is not less than 25% of the registered capital.

No amount was allocated to the statutory surplus reserve account as both the subsidiaries in China had incurred accumulated losses as of December 31, 2019 and 2018.

Under the employee stock option plan, the Company’s stock options generally expire ten years from the date of grant. On December 29, 2011, the Company entered into five-year agreements with its employees and directors, pursuant to which, the Company issued an aggregate of 56,250 options at an exercise price of $11.60 per share. The options vest in equal annual installments over the five years of the agreements ending December 28, 2016.

On October 7, 2013, pursuant to the Company’s Share Incentive Plan, the Company granted a non-statutory option to acquire 11,750 of the Company’s common shares at an exercise price of $18.40 per share to Mr. Ping Chen, the CEO of the Company. The options vest in equal annual installments over the five years of the agreement ending October 6, 2018.

On August 20, 2014, pursuant to the Company’s Share Incentive Plan, the Company granted additional option to acquire 16,375 of the Company’s common shares at an exercise price of $42.48 per share to Mr. Ping Chen. The options vest in equal annual installments over the five years of the agreement ending August 19, 2019.

On August 7, 2015, the Company entered into two-year agreements with its employees and directors, pursuant to which the Company issued an aggregate of 43,625 options at an exercise price of $13.12 per share. The options vest in equal annual installments over the two years of the agreements ending August 6, 2017.

On March 21, 2016, the Company entered into two-year agreements with its employees and directors, pursuant to which the Company issued an aggregate of 72,608 options at an exercise price of $15.04 per share. The options vest in equal annual installments over the two years of the agreements ending March 20, 2018.

In 2018, 1,375 options were exercised for cash to purchase 1,375 shares of the Company’s common shares for an aggregate consideration of $17,851, and 5,000 options were exercised on a cashless basis to purchase 1,000 common shares of the Company.

The Company valued the stock options using the Black-Scholes model with the following assumptions:

Following is a summary of the status of options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2019:

For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, the Company recognized $69,176, $247,134 and $479,233 respectively, as compensation expense under its stock option plan.

As of December 31, 2019, unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to options was nil.

On April 28, 2016, the Company signed Share Purchase Agreement (“SPA”) with Hangzhou Lianluo. In this SPA, Hangzhou Lianluo is entitled with 125,000 warrants to acquire from the Company 125,000 common shares at purchase price of $17.60 per share. The warrants will be exercisable at any time. The Company recognized the warrants as a derivative liability because warrants can be settled in cash. Warrants are remeasured at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in earnings in each reporting period.

There was a total of 125,000 warrants issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2019 and 2018.

The fair value of the outstanding warrants was calculated using the Black Scholes Model with the following assumptions:

The following is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of warrants liability measured at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs:

The following is a reconciliation of the basic and diluted loss per share computation for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:

The Company has been authorized to issue Class A and Class B common stock. The two classes of common stock are substantially identical in all material respects, except for voting rights. Since the Company did not declare any dividends during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the net loss per common share attributable to each class is the same under the “two-class” method. As such, the two classes of common stock have been presented on a combined basis in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income and in the above computation of net loss per common share.

For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, all the outstanding warrants and options were anti-dilutive.

Lianluo Smart is a tax-exempt company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands.

PRC enterprise income tax is calculated based on the Enterprise Income Tax Law (the “EIT Law”). Under the EIT Law, a unified enterprise income tax rate of 25% and unified tax deduction standards will be applied equally to both domestic-invested enterprises and foreign-invested enterprises.

Under the current PRC laws, PRC government grants a preferential income tax rate of 15% to government-certified high technology companies, and under the new standard the period of validity for the certification of high technology companies is three years. In 2009, 2012 and 2015, Beijing Dehaier updated its certification for “high technology” company. Therefore, Beijing Dehaier used a 15% income tax rate to calculate the income tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015. In 2018, Beijing Dehaier did not pass the certification for “high technology” company, and therefore, is subject to a PRC income tax rate of 25% on its 2018 income.

The BVI and PRC components of loss before income taxes consisted of the following:

A reconciliation of the provision for income taxes determined at the statutory income tax rate to the Company’s income taxes is as follows:

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 are presented below:

As of December 31, 2019, the Company’s PRC subsidiaries had net operating loss carry forwards of $15,158,812, which will expire in various years through year 2024. Management believes it is more likely than not that the Company will not realize these potential tax benefits as these operations will not generate any operating profits in the foreseeable future. As a result, a valuation reserve was provided against the full amount of the potential tax benefits.

The accounting for uncertain tax positions prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The Company is required to recognize in the financial statements the impact of a tax position, if that position is more-likely than-not of being sustained on audit, based on the technical merits of the position. The Company recorded a net charge for unrecognized tax benefits in 2019 and 2018 of $0 and $0, respectively. The Company includes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits, if any, within the benefit from (provision for) income taxes.

The Company only files income tax returns in PRC. According to the PRC Tax Administration and Collection Law, the statute of limitations is three years if the underpayment of taxes is due to computational errors made by the taxpayer or its withholding agent. The statute of limitations extends to five years under special circumstances, which are not clearly defined. In the case of a related party transaction, the statute of limitations is ten years. There is no statute of limitations in the case of tax evasion.

In addition to the transactions and balances disclosed elsewhere in these financial statements, the Company had the following material related party transactions:

As of December 31, 2019, the loan balance consists of the following from Hangzhou Lianluo:

During 2019, the Company borrowed $942,500 from Hangzhou Lianluo, repaid $0; the loans are non-interest bearing. In addition, the above loans due at February 1, 2020, March 6 and April 7, 2020 has been extended, interest-free and without specific repayment date, which is based upon both parties’ agreement as of the date of this report.

As of December 31, 2018, the loan balance was zero. During 2018, the Company borrowed $3,682,592 carrying an annual interest rate of 5%-8% and was fully settled through debt offset agreement among the Company, Hangzhou Lianluo and DGHKT. Debt offset agreements refer to below iv) Borrowings to DGHKT.

As of December 31, 2019, the loan balance consists of the following from DGHKT, an affiliate of Hangzhou Lianluo:

During 2019, the Company borrowed $33,000 interest free, and repaid $0 in principal.

During 2019, the Company borrowed from Mr. Ping Chen, its previous CEO, free of interest to fund its operation. During 2019, 2018 and 2017, the borrowings were $387,182, nil and nil, and Mr. Ping Chen forgave a debt of $143,301 d in 2019. The balances were $243,881, nil and nil as of December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

On March 15, 2018, the Company entered into a $6 million loan agreement with DGHKT (an affiliate of Hangzhou Lianluo) for a term of 12 months. The Company also borrowed RMB34.3 million (equivalently $5.20 million) from Hangzhou Lianluo, its principal shareholder.

Pursuant to an agreement dated December 27, 2018, the Company, DGHKT, Hangzhou Lianluo agreed that the outstanding amount owed by DGHKT to us of RMB35.6 million be repaid by Hangzhou Lianluo on behalf of DGHKT, to the Company. This repayment is agreed to be settled in the form of offset against the amount owed by the Company to Hangzhou Lianluo of RMB35.6 million (equivalent to $5.2 million). As a result, the Company no longer owed or were owed by Hangzhou Lianluo or DGHKT any amount as of December 31, 2018.

For the year ended December 31, 2019, two customers each accounted for approximately 21% and 15%, respectively, of the Company’s revenues. For the year ended December 31, 2018, two customers each accounted for approximately 16% and 13%, respectively, of the Company’s revenues. For the year ended December 31, 2017, two customers accounted for approximately 44% and 12%, respectively, of the Company’s revenues.

For the year ended December 31, 2019, one supplier accounted for 100% of the Company’s purchases. For the year ended December 31, 2018, two suppliers each accounted for approximately 31% and 17% respectively, of the Company’s purchases. For the year ended December 31, 2017, two suppliers each accounted for approximately 40% and 23%, respectively, of the Company’s purchases.

On May 9, 2019, Tianjin Wuqing Bohai Printing Co., Ltd. (“Wuqing Bohai”) filed an arbitration application with Beijing Arbitration Commission against Beijing Dehaier, claiming that Beijing Dehaier failed to pay for goods in accordance with purchase contracts entered into with Wuqing Bohai in 2017 and 2018 and requested Beijing Dehaier to pay Wuqing Bohai an amount of RMB119,770 (approximately $17,450), plus RMB10,000 (approximately $1,457) to cover the expenses of keeping goods that Beijing Dehaier failed to accept. On June 5, 2019, Beijing Dehaier submitted an answer to compliant, noting that it had not received some of the goods under the contracts and Wuqing Bohai failed to provide invoices for some of the goods allegedly received by Beijing Dehaier. Beijing Dehaier submitted that it should only be responsible for the purchase value of RMB48,450 (approximately $7,059). On March 6, 2020, the Beijing Arbitration Commission entered an award, ordering that Beijing Dehaier pay Wuqing Bohai the disputed amount of RMB119,770 (approximately $17,203) and an arbitration fee of RMB10,443 (approximately $1,500) by March 24, 2020 and dismissed other claims of Wuqing Bohai.

On February 14, 2020, the Company consummated a registered direct offering of 323,750 Class A Common Shares and a concurrent private placement of warrants to purchase up to 323,750 Class A Common Shares with certain accredited investors. The purchase price per Class A Common Share in the registered direct offering was $6.80. The warrants sold in the concurrent private placement are exercisable for a period of five and one-half years upon issuance, at an initial exercise price of $6.80 per share, which was thereafter adjusted to $4.9912, subject to full ratchet anti-dilution protections. On February 25, 2020, we consummated a second registered direct offering of 437,500 Class A Common Shares and a concurrent private placement of warrants to purchase up to 437,500 Class A Common Shares with the same accredited investors. The purchase price per Class A Common Share in the second registered direct offering was $5.60. The warrants sold in the second concurrent private placement are exercisable for a period of five and one-half years upon issuance, at an initial exercise price of $5.60 per share, subject to anti-dilution protections. On March 2, 2020, we consummated a third registered direct offering of 612,500 Class A Common Shares and a concurrent private placement of warrants to purchase up to 612,500 Class A Common Shares with the same accredited investors. The purchase price per Class A Common Share in this registered direct offering was $5.60 per share. The warrants sold in the third concurrent private placement are exercisable for a period of five and one-half years upon issuance, at an initial exercise price of $5.60 per share, subject to anti-dilution protections.

The above equity financings, after deducting the placement agent’s commissions and other expenses, generated net proceeds of approximately $7.2 million for the Company.

The following table presents the Company’s balance sheet as of December 31, 2019 on a pro forma basis to give effect to the issuance and sale of 1,373,750 Class A Common Shares in the foregoing three registered direct offerings:

On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (“WHO”) announced a global health emergency because of a new strain of coronavirus originating in Wuhan, China (the “COVID-19 outbreak”) and the risks to the international community as the virus spreads globally beyond its point of origin. In March 2020, the WHO classified the COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic, based on the rapid increase in exposure globally.

As a result of these events, the Company assessed the near-term operations, working capital, finances and capital formation opportunities, and implemented, in late December 2019 and early February 2020, a downsizing of our operations, including workforce reductions, reductions of salaried employee compensation and a reduction of hours worked to preserve cash resources, cut costs and focus the operations on customer-centric sales and project management activities. The extent to which COVID-19 will impact the business and financial results will depend on future developments, which are uncertain and cannot be predicted at this time.

The service was suspended due to restrictions and hospital closures except for essential services in February 2020 and recovered gradually in March 2020 as hospitals began to resume business.

In 2019, Beijing Dehaier and Lianluo Connection have terminated the employment of over 50 employees due to the business downturn. 34 of these former employees filed complaints with Beijing Changping District Employment Dispute Arbitration Commission and Beijing Shijingshan District Employment Dispute Arbitration Commission, respectively, claiming that Beijing Dehaier and Lianluo Connection failed to pay them, among others, certain salaries, overtime fees and compensations upon terminations. As of the date of this report, Beijing Dehaier and Lianluo Connection have entered into settlement agreements with 30 former employees and settled disputes through negotiations with the rest of these employees. The settlement amount was RMB2,435,582 (approximately $349,019) and has been recorded in the financial statements of the first quarter of 2020.

As mentioned in Note 19 the Company has a borrowing of $931,450 due from Hangzhou Lianluo as of December 31, 2019. The loans due at February 1, 2020, March 6 and April 7, 2020, totaling $167,661, were extended, interest-free and without specific repayment date, which is based upon both parties’ agreement as of the date of this report.

On April 1, 2020, Mr. Ping Chen resigned from his positions as Chief Executive Officer and director of Lianluo Smart Limited (the “Company”), effectively immediately. Mr. Chen’s resignation was due to personal reasons and not because of any disagreement with the Company on any matter relating to the Company’s operations, policies or practices.

On the same date, the Board of Directors of the Company appointed Mr. Zhitao He as Chief Executive Officer of the Company. Mr. He has served as chairman and director of the Company since October 2016. The Board of Directors also appointed the Company’s Interim Chief Financial Officer, Ms. Yingmei Yang, as a director to fill the vacancy created by Mr. Chen’s resignation.

On April 24, 2020, Mr. Xiaogang Tong resigned from his positions as an independent director and member of each committee of the Board of Directors of Lianluo Smart Limited (the “Company”), effectively immediately. Mr. Tong’s resignation was due to personal reasons and not because of any disagreement with the Company on any matter relating to the Company’s operations, policies or practices.

On the same date, the Board of Directors of the Company appointed Mr. Fuya Zheng (“Mr. Zheng”) as a director, member of each of Audit Committee, Compensation Committee and Nominating Committee and Chair of Audit Committee of the Company.

British Virgin Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s memorandum and articles of association may provide for indemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the British Virgin Islands courts to be contrary to public policy, such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime. Our Memorandum and Articles permit indemnification of officers and directors against all actions, proceedings, costs, charges, expenses, losses, damages or liabilities incurred in connection with the execution of their duties, powers, authorities or discretions as a director or officer of the Company, unless such losses or damages arise through the willful neglect or default of such directors or officers.

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, may be permitted to our directors, officers or persons controlling us under the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.

During the past three years, we have issued the following securities. We believe that each of the following issuances was exempt from registration under Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act regarding transactions not involving a public offering and/or Regulation S promulgated thereunder regarding offshore offers and sales.

On February 14, 2020, the Company sold warrants to purchase 323,750 of its Class A Common Shares, on February 25, 2020, the Company sold warrants to purchase 437,500 of its Class A Common Shares and on March 2, 2020, the Company sold warrants to purchase 612,500 of its Class A Common Shares. These sales were made to certain institutional investors in private placements pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of Section 5 of the Securities Act contained in Section 4(a)(2) thereof and/or Regulation D promulgated thereunder.

On August 16, 2018, we entered into a consulting agreement with FirstTrust China Ltd., or the Consultant, pursuant to which, we issued 25,000 Class A Common Shares to the Consultant or its designees for the consulting services to be provided by the Consultant. These shares were offered under Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and have not been registered under the Securities Act.

The exhibits of the registration statement are listed in the Exhibit Index to this registration statement and are incorporated herein by reference.

Schedules have been omitted because the information required to be set forth therein is not applicable or is shown in the financial statements or consolidated financial statements or the notes thereto.

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:

(a) To include any prospectus required by section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act;

(b) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) (§230.424(b) of this chapter) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement; and

(c) To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement.

(2) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

(3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.

(4) To file a post-effective amendment to the registration statement to include any financial statements required by “Item 8.A. of Form 20-F (17 CFR 249.220f)” at the start of any delayed offering or throughout a continuous offering. Financial statements and information otherwise required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act need not be furnished, provided that the registrant includes in the prospectus, by means of a post-effective amendment, financial statements required pursuant to this paragraph (a)(4) and other information necessary to ensure that all other information in the prospectus is at least as current as the date of those financial statements.

(5) That for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or (4), or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective.

(6) For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form F-1 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Beijing, People’s Republic of China, on December 9, 2020.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the date indicated.

Pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933 as amended, the undersigned, the duly authorized representative in the United States of America, has signed this registration statement thereto in New York, NY on December 9, 2020.

British Virgin Islands		3841		Not Applicable
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933 check the following box.	☐

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.	☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering	☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering	☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933

Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act	☐

Title of Each Class of Securities to Be Registered	Amount to Be Registered		Proposed Maximum Offering Price per Share		Proposed Maximum Aggregate Offering Price⁽¹⁾		Amount of Registration Fee⁽³⁾
Common Shares, par value $0.021848 per share ⁽²⁾		[●]		[●]	$	30,000,000	$	3,273
Total		[●]		[●]	$	30,000,000	$	3,273

	Per Share	Total
Public offering price	$	$
Underwriter discount	$	$
Proceeds to the Company	$	$

	Page

PROSPECTUS SUMMARY	1

SUMMARY FINANCIAL DATA	11

RISK FACTORS	13

DISCLOSURE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS	38

INDUSTRY	39

ENFORCEABILITY OF CIVIL LIABILITY	40

USE OF PROCEEDS	41

DIVIDEND POLICY	41

CAPITALIZATION	42

DILUTION	43

MANAGEMENT DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS	44

BUSINESS	71

MANAGEMENT	94

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION	102

PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS	105

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS	110

DESCRIPTION OF SHARE CAPITAL	113

TAXATION	134

UNDERWRITING	139

EXPENSES RELATING TO THIS OFFERING	149

LEGAL MATTERS	149

CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE	149

EXPERTS	149

INTEREST OF NAMED EXPERTS AND COUNSEL	150

DISCLOSURE OF COMMISSION POSITION ON INDEMNIFICATION	150

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION	150

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS	F-1

(2)	In accordance with Rule 416(a), the Registrant is also registering an indeterminate number of additional Common Shares that shall be issuable pursuant to Rule 416 to prevent dilution resulting from share splits, share dividends or similar transactions.

(3)	Previously paid.

	●	“Beijing Dehaier” or “BDL” are to Beijing Dehaier Medical Technology Company Limited, a PRC company;

	●	“BTL” are to Beijing Dehaier Technology Company Limited, a PRC company;

	●	“BVI” are to the British Virgin Islands;

	●	“Class A Common Shares” are to the Company’s Class A Common Shares, par value $0.021848 per share;

	●	“Class B Common Shares” are to the Company’s Class B Common Shares, par value $0.021848 per share;

	●	“Class A Common Stock” is to Newegg’s Class A Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share;

	●	“Class B Common Stock” is to Newegg’s Class B Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share;

	●	“Common Shares” are to the post-closing issuer’s Common Shares, par value $0.021848 per share;

	●	“Companies Act” are to the BVI Business Companies Act, 2004;

	●	“Hong Kong” or “H.K.” are to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China;

	●	“Offering” are to the sale of [●] of Common Shares;

	●	“Lianluo Smart”, “LLIT,” “we,” “us,” “our” and the “Company” are to Lianluo Smart Limited, a BVI company;

	●	“Lianluo Connection” or “LCL” are to Lianluo Connection Medical Wearable Device Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., a PRC company;

	●	“Lianluo Technology” is to Hangzhou Lianluo Technology Co., Ltd., a wholly owned PRC subsidiary of LLIT.

	●	“Merger Sub” is to Lightning Delaware Sub, Inc., a company organized under the laws of Delaware and a wholly owned subsidiary of LLIT;

	●	“Newegg” is to Newegg Inc., a company organized under the laws of Delaware;

	●	“Hangzhou Lianluo” is to Hangzhou Liaison Interactive Information Technology Co., Ltd., a company organized under the laws of PRC;

	●	“Digital Grid” is to Digital Grid (Hong Kong) Technology Co., Limited, a fully owned subsidiary of Liaison and the major shareholder of Newegg prior to the Restructure;

	●	“PRC” and “China” are to the People’s Republic of China;

	●	“Renminbi” and “RMB” are to the legal currency of China;

	●	“Securities and Exchange Commission,” “SEC,” “Commission” or similar terms are to the United States Securities and Exchange Commission;

	●	“Securities Act” are to the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended;

	●	“Series A Preferred Stock” is to Newegg’s Series A Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share;

	●	“Series AA Preferred Stock” is to Newegg’s Series AA Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share;

	●	“United States,” “U.S.” and “US” are to the United States of America;

	●	“$,” “U.S. $,” “U.S. dollars,” “dollars,” “$” and “USD” are to United States dollars.

	Year ended December 31, 2019
	(In thousands) (Unaudited)
	Newegg			LLIT			Pro Forma Adjustments			Pro Forma Combined
Net sales	$	1,533,928		$	383		$	(383	)	$	1,533,928
Cost of sales		1,369,054			744			(744	)		1,369,054
Gross profit		164,874			(361	)		361			164,874
Other operating income (expense)		28,314			—			—			28,314
Selling, general, and administrative expenses		229,192			3,442			(2,675	)		229,959
Loss from operations		(36,004	)		(3,803	)		3,036			(36,771	)
Interest income		586			1			2			589
Interest expense		(2,945	)		—			(4	)		(2,949	)
Other income (expense), net		4,184			(32	)		32			4,184
Unrealized loss on securities		—			(1,357	)		—			(1,357	)
Change in fair value of warrants liabilities		—			740			—			740
Gain from sale of and equity income from equity method investments		21,777			—			—			21,777
Loss before provision for income taxes		(12,402	)		(4,451	)		3,066			(13,787	)
Provision for income taxes		4,589			—			—			4,589
Net loss	$	(16,991	)	$	(4,451	)	$	3,066		$	(18,376	)

	●	we may be required under certain circumstances to pay Newegg a termination fee;

	●	the price of our Common Shares may decline to the extent that the current market price reflects a market assumption that the proposed Restructure will be completed;

	●	our operations may continue to incur loss;

	●	we may have difficulty maintaining compliance with NASDAQ continued listing rules, and as a result, be delisted from NASDAQ Capital Market; and

	●	costs related to the Restructure, such as legal, accounting, financial advisory and printing fees, must be paid even if the Restructure is not completed.

	●	limited availability of market quotations for our securities;

	●	limited amount of news coverage for the Company; and

	●	decreased ability to issue additional securities or obtain additional financing in the future.

	●	Newegg’s ability to collect outstanding receivables from its customers;

	●	Newegg’s ability to attend and participate in industry and trade shows; and

	●	future financial and operating results, including revenues, income, expenditures, cash balances and other financial items;

	●	our ability to execute our growth, and expansion, including our ability to meet our goals;

	●	current and future economic and political conditions;

	●	our ability to compete in an industry with low barriers to entry;

	●	our capital requirements and our ability to raise any additional financing which we may require;

	●	our ability to attract clients, win primary agency sale bids, and further enhance our brand recognition; and

	●	our ability to hire and retain qualified management personnel and key employees in order to enable us to develop our business;

	●	trends and competition in the advertising industry;

	●	Uncertainty about the spread of the COVID-19 virus and the impact it may have on the Company’s operations, the demand for the Company’s products, supply chains, and economic activity in general; and

	●	other assumptions described in this prospectus underlying or relating to any forward-looking statements.

	As of June 30, 2020
	Actual			As Adjusted
	(in $)
Equity:
Class A Common Share, $00.021848 par value, 4,736,111 shares authorized, 2,210,683 shares issued and outstanding on an actual basis and [ ] Shares outstanding on an as adjusted basis		48,299
Class B Common Share, $0.021848 par value, 1,513,889 shares authorized, 1,388,888 shares issued and outstanding on an actual basis and [ ] Shares outstanding on an as adjusted basis		30,345
Additional paid-in capital		47,995,773
Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)		(46,303,194	)
Accumulated other comprehensive income		2,452,697
Total shareholders’ equity		4,223,920
Total capitalization		4,223,920

		As of June 30, 2020
Public Offering price per share		$
Net tangible book value per share as of June 30, 2020
Increase in net tangible book value per share attributable to existing shareholders
Pro forma net tangible book value per share after this Offering
Dilution per share to new investors

	For the Six Months Ended/As of June 30,
	2020			2019
Key Operating Data:
Total visits⁽¹⁾		163.9 million			126.3 million
Number of customers⁽²⁾		35.6 million			33.6 million
Number of active customers⁽³⁾		3.8 million			3.7 million
Conversion rate⁽⁴⁾		2.6	%		2.6	%
Repeat purchase rate⁽⁵⁾		30.7	%		30.4	%
Average Order Value⁽⁶⁾	$	296		$	297

	For the Year Ended / As of December 31,
Key Operating Data:	2019			2018			2017
Total visits⁽¹⁾		262.8 million			261.6 million			263.3 million
Number of customers⁽²⁾		34.4 million			32.7 million			30.8 million
Number of active customers⁽³⁾		3.2 million			3.9 million			4.0 million
Conversion rate⁽⁴⁾		2.4	%		3.2	%		3.4	%
Repeat purchase rate⁽⁵⁾		30.0	%		30.9	%		32.8	%
Average Order Value⁽⁶⁾	$	310		$	299		$	286

(1)	Measured by total traffic across all Newegg platforms, excluding search bots from competitors by filtering visits of less than three seconds.

(2)	Calculated by the total number of registered accounts on all Newegg platforms.

(3)	Active customers as of a given date are calculated by unique customer ID with at least one transaction purchased on Newegg platforms during the relevant 12-month measurement period.

(4)	Calculated by dividing transactions over the total number of visits across all Newegg platforms, excluding visits less than three seconds.

(5)	Measured by the percentage of customers who made at least two purchases on Newegg platforms during the relevant 12-month measurement period.

(6)	Calculated by dividing sales volume by number of transactions during the relevant 12-month measurement period.

	For the Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020				2019
	(in millions, except for percentages)
Net sales	Amount		%		Amount		%
Direct sales revenues	$	812.2		94.1	$	770.9		96.7
Marketplace revenues		33.5		3.9		21.0		2.6
Services revenues		17.0		2.0		5.5		0.7
Total		862.7		100.0		797.4		100.0

	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2019				2018				2017
	(in millions, except for percentages)
Net sales	Amount		%		Amount		%		Amount		%
Direct sales revenues	$	1,476.7		96.3	$	1,966.3		97.2	$	2,104.6		97.5
Marketplace revenues		46.0		3.0		43.2		2.1		37.2		1.7
Services revenues		11.2		0.7		12.9		0.7		16.3		0.8
Total		1,533.9		100.0		2,022.4		100.0		2,158.1		100.0

	For the Six Months Ended
	June 30,
	2020			2019
	(in millions)
Net income (loss)	$	18.9		$	(15.5	)
Adjustments:
Stock-based compensation expenses		(0.0			0.4
Interest (income) expense, Net		(0.2	)		1.8
Income tax provision		1.8			4.4
Depreciation and amortization		4.5			5.4
Gain from sale of and equity income from equity method investments		-			(24.1	)
Adjusted EBITDA	$	25.0		$	(27.6	)

	For the Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020			2019
Summary Consolidated Cash Flow Data:	(in millions)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$	64.9		$	(46.2	)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		(2.5	)		54.8
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		(0.1	)		7.4
Foreign currency effect on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		(0.1	)		(0.9	)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents		62.2			15.1
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of the year		80.5			56.7
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of the year		142.7			71.8

	Payments Due by Years Ending
	Total		Less than 1 year		1-3 years		3-5 year		More than 5 years
	(in thousand)
Long-term debt payment	$	2,422	$	270	$	552	$	573	$	1,027
Operating Leases		41,363		9,977		14,837		6,499		10,050
Total contractual obligations	$	43,785	$	10,247	$	15,389	$	7,072	$	11,077

Category	Products	Selected Featured Brands	SKUs as of June 30, 2020
Computer System	Desktops, laptops, gaming laptops, peripherals and accessories	Asus, MSI, HP, Lenovo, Dell, Acer, Microsoft, Samsung, LG, Gigabyte, Westinghouse	Approx. 5,804,700
Components	CPU / processors, Graphic Cards, Motherboards, storage devices and computer accessories	Intel, AMD, Asus, MSI, Corsair, Gigabyte, ASRock, EVGA, Western Digital, Seagate, Samsung, G.Skill	Approx. 2,034,230
Electronics	Home Video, Home Audio, Headphones, Pro Audio/Video, Cellphones, Wearables, Digital Cameras	Samsung, LG, Sony, Denon, Yamaha, Beyerdynamic	Approx. 8,082,090
Gaming	Xbox, PlayStation, legacy gaming, gaming titles	Nintendo, Sony Playstation, Microsoft Xbox	Approx. 144,850
Networking & Smart Home	Home networking, commercial networking, server & components and smart home products	Asus, TP-Link, Netgear, Linksys, SonicWall, Polycom, Plantronics, Jabra, Yealink, Cisco, Ruckus, Ubiquiti	Approx. 2,486,200
Office Solutions	Display & printing, office technology furniture, office supplies and mailing & inventory supplies	HP, Brother, Epson, Xerox, Lexmark, Zebra, Honeywell, ELO Touch, Sony, Sharp, Asus, Acer, Samsung, Eureka Ergonomic, COUGAR	Approx. 2,235,100
Software & Services	Software, Digital Downloads, Warranty & Services, 3rd Party Gift Cards, and Entertainment Products	Microsoft, Adobe, Norton, Intuit, SquareTrade	Approx. 111,740
Automotive & Industrial	Car electronics, Marine and Aviation, Motorcycles and ATV, Performance Parts, Tools and Equipment, Wheels and Tires	Alpine, Kenwood, 3M, Garmin, Pioneer, Boss Audio, BFGoodrich, Continental Tires, Firestone, Goodyear, Hankook, Michelin, Toyo	Approx. 735,000
Home & Tools	Home improvement tools, home appliances, kitchen utensils, outdoor & garden furniture, and pet supplies, Generators	Dyson, Cuisinart, Frigidaire, iRobot, Hoover, Ninja, Shark, Keurig, Caterpillar, DEWALT, Makita, Bosch, Milwaukee	Approx. 5,864,600
Health & Sports	Fitness, sports and health and beauty supplies	Huffy, Vilano, Razor, Garmin, Barska, Tactical Scorpion Gear, Intex, GoPowerBike, Callaway Golf, BestMassage	Approx. 1,078,300
Apparel & Accessories	Clothing, Costumes, Maternity, Shoes, Socks, Men & Women Clothing	Adidas, Converse, Levis, Skechers, Timberland, UGG, Under Armour, Crocs	Approx. 2,534,700
Hobbies & Toys	Drones, learning & educational materials, Action Figures, Collectibles, Board Games, Stem Toys, Science and Nature Toys	Disney, Funko, Lego, Bandai Namco, Banzai, Hasbro, Razor, Spin Master, Little Tikes	Approx. 1,463,800

Function			Number of Employees
ABS			6
Capital Markets and Investment			5
CEO Office			2
Customer Service			152
Facilities			12
Fulfillment			260
Global BSA			9
Global IT			20
Global MIS			49
Global Marketing			62
Global Platform			103
North Am Internal Audit			4
North Am Info. Security			2
Marketplace 3PL Operations			10
North Am B2B			23
North Am Finance			35
North Am Human Resources			11
North Am Legal			6
Newegg Canada			15
Newegg Logistics			19
Operations			2
Planning & Analytics			5
Private Label			9
Tech			1
APAC Human Resources			14
APAC Business			103
APAC Finance			21
APAC Facilities			10
APAC Operations			121
APAC Tech			397
APAC Fulfillment			2
APAC Private Label			9
APAC Management Office			5
APAC Legal			2
APAC Internal Audit			2
			1,508

Region	Number of Employees
United States		794
China		567
Taiwan		121
Canada		26
Total		1,508

Description of Use	Approximate Square Footage		Geographic Location	Lease Expirations
		(in thousands)
Corporate office facilities		149,057	North America	12/31/2022 through 11/30/2029
Fulfillment and warehouse operations		1,302,738	North America	From 10/31/2021 through 11/30/2029

Name	Age	Position(s)
Bin Lin⁽¹⁾	55	Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Yingmei Yang⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾	50	Director and Interim Chief Financial Officer
Richard Zhiqiang Chang⁽¹⁾	57	Independent Director
Bin Pan⁽¹⁾	47	Independent Director
Fuya Zheng⁽¹⁾	53	Independent Director
Ping Chen⁽¹⁾	57	Founder and former Chief Executive Officer of the Company, and President and Legal Representative of Lianluo Connection
Zhitao “Tom” He⁽²⁾	38	Chairman
Fred Faching Chang⁽²⁾	63	Director
Gregory Moore⁽²⁾	70	Independent Director
Paul Wu⁽² ⁾	50	Independent Director
Anthony Chow⁽²⁾⁽³⁾	55	Director and Chief Executive Officer
Robert Chang⁽³⁾	52	Chief Financial Officer
Jamie Spannos⁽³⁾	43	Chief Operating Officer
Montaque Hou⁽³⁾	40	Chief Technology Officer
Matt Strathman⁽³⁾	51	General Counsel