United States

Securities and Exchange Commission

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☑ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended January 31, 2024

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _______________ to _______________

Commission File No. 001-00123

Brown-Forman Corporation

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its Charter)

Delaware		61-0143150
(State or other jurisdiction of		(IRS Employer
incorporation or organization)		Identification No.)
850 Dixie Highway
Louisville,	Kentucky	40210
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

(502) 585-1100

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

N/A

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A Common Stock (voting), $0.15 par value	BFA	New York Stock Exchange
Class B Common Stock (nonvoting), $0.15 par value	BFB	New York Stock Exchange
1.200% Notes due 2026	BF26	New York Stock Exchange
2.600% Notes due 2028	BF28	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes þ   No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).  Yes þ   No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☑	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes  ☐   No  ☑

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date: February 29, 2024

Class A Common Stock (voting), $0.15 par value	169,108,086
Class B Common Stock (nonvoting), $0.15 par value	303,416,148

BROWN-FORMAN CORPORATION
Index to Quarterly Report Form 10-Q
		Page
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION		3
Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)	3
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	21
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	35
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	36
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION		37
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	37
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	37
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	37
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	37
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	37
Item 5.	Other Information	37
Item 6.	Exhibits	38
SIGNATURES		39

2

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)

BROWN-FORMAN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	January 31,				January 31,
	2023		2024		2023		2024
Sales	$	1,406	$	1,406	$	4,078	$	4,137
Excise taxes	325		337		896		923
Net sales	1,081		1,069		3,182		3,214
Cost of sales	457		434		1,323		1,257
Gross profit	624		635		1,859		1,957
Advertising expenses	141		143		372		414
Selling, general, and administrative expenses	186		203		541		595
Other expense (income), net	124		(84)		117		(91)
Operating income	173		373		829		1,039
Non-operating postretirement expense	27		1		27		2
Interest income	(2)		(3)		(7)		(7)
Interest expense	24		33		61		93
Income before income taxes	124		342		748		951
Income taxes	24		57		172		193
Net income	$	100	$	285	$	576	$	758
Earnings per share:
Basic	$	0.21	$	0.60	$	1.20	$	1.59
Diluted	$	0.21	$	0.60	$	1.20	$	1.58

See notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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BROWN-FORMAN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in millions)

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	January 31,				January 31,
	2023		2024		2023		2024
Net income	$	100	$	285	$	576	$	758
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Currency translation adjustments	119		75		108		10
Cash flow hedge adjustments	(34)		(10)		(24)		(3)
Postretirement benefits adjustments	6		1		10		4
Net other comprehensive income (loss)	91		66		94		11
Comprehensive income	$	191	$	351	$	670	$	769

See notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

BROWN-FORMAN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)

	April 30, 2023		January 31, 2024
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	374	$	589
Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $7 at April 30 and $7 at January 31	855		878
Inventories:
Barreled whiskey	1,262		1,439
Finished goods	509		479
Work in process	321		388
Raw materials and supplies	191		223
Total inventories	2,283		2,529
Assets held for sale	—		161
Other current assets	289		258
Total current assets	3,801		4,415
Property, plant and equipment, net	1,031		1,014
Goodwill	1,457		1,464
Other intangible assets	1,164		1,004
Deferred tax assets	66		66
Other assets	258		274
Total assets	$	7,777	$	8,237
Liabilities
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	827	$	747
Dividends payable	—		103
Accrued income taxes	22		19
Short-term borrowings	235		728
Liabilities held for sale	—		15
Total current liabilities	1,084		1,612
Long-term debt	2,678		2,678
Deferred tax liabilities	323		289
Accrued pension and other postretirement benefits	171		171
Other liabilities	253		242
Total liabilities	4,509		4,992
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders’ Equity
Common stock:
Class A, voting, $0.15 par value (170,000,000 shares authorized; 170,000,000 shares issued)	25		25
Class B, nonvoting, $0.15 par value (400,000,000 shares authorized; 314,532,000 shares issued)	47		47
Additional paid-in capital	1		15
Retained earnings	3,643		3,995
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(235)		(224)
Treasury stock, at cost (5,215,000 and 12,047,000 shares at April 30 and January 31, respectively)	(213)		(613)
Total stockholders’ equity	3,268		3,245
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	7,777	$	8,237

 See notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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BROWN-FORMAN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in millions)

	Nine Months Ended
	January 31,
	2023		2024
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	576	$	758
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operations:
Gain on sale of business	—		(90)
Asset impairment charges	96		—
Depreciation and amortization	59		66
Stock-based compensation expense	13		18
Deferred income tax provision (benefit)	(6)		3
Change in fair value of contingent consideration	—		1
Other, net	17		(2)
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(106)		(21)
Inventories	(288)		(320)
Other current assets	(19)		28
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	66		(69)
Accrued income taxes	(36)		(2)
Other operating assets and liabilities	38		(8)
Cash provided by operating activities	410		362
Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from sale of business	—		194
Business acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(1,195)		—
Additions to property, plant, and equipment	(116)		(148)
Proceeds from sale of property, plant, and equipment	12		13
Other, net	(1)		4
Cash provided by (used for) investing activities	(1,300)		63
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from short-term borrowings, maturities greater than 90 days	600		—
Net change in other short-term borrowings	402		492
Repayment of long-term debt	(250)		—
Payments of withholding taxes related to stock-based awards	(5)		(4)
Acquisition of treasury stock	—		(400)
Dividends paid	(279)		(300)
Cash provided by (used for) financing activities	468		(212)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	(15)		2
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	(437)		215
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period	874		384
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period	437		599
Less: Restricted cash (included in other current assets) at end of period	(9)		(10)
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	428	$	589

See notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

6

BROWN-FORMAN CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

In these notes, “we,” “us,” “our,” “Brown-Forman,” and the “Company” refer to Brown-Forman Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries, collectively.

1.    Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements 

We prepared the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission for interim financial information. In accordance with those rules and regulations, we condensed or omitted certain information and disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). In our opinion, the accompanying financial statements include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments (unless otherwise indicated), necessary for a fair statement of our financial results for the periods presented in these financial statements. The results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of future or annual results.

We suggest that you read these condensed financial statements together with the financial statements and footnotes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2023 (2023 Form 10-K). We prepared the accompanying financial statements on a basis that is substantially consistent with the accounting principles applied in our 2023 Form 10-K.

2.    Earnings Per Share 

We calculate basic earnings per share by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share further includes the dilutive effect of stock-based compensation awards. We calculate that dilutive effect using the “treasury stock method” (as defined by GAAP).

The following table presents information concerning basic and diluted earnings per share:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	January 31,				January 31,
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)	2023		2024		2023		2024
Net income available to common stockholders	$	100	$	285	$	576	$	758
Share data (in thousands):
Basic average common shares outstanding	479,152		474,806		479,121		477,542
Dilutive effect of stock-based awards	1,308		760		1,361		902
Diluted average common shares outstanding	480,460		475,566		480,482		478,444
Basic earnings per share	$	0.21	$	0.60	$	1.20	$	1.59
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.21	$	0.60	$	1.20	$	1.58

We excluded common stock-based awards for approximately 1,257,000 shares and 1,658,000 shares from the calculation of diluted earnings per share for the three months ended January 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively. We excluded common stock-based awards for approximately 1,059,000 shares and 1,544,000 shares from the calculation of diluted earnings per share for the nine months ended January 31, 2023 and 2024, respectively. We excluded those awards because they were not dilutive for those periods under the treasury stock method.

3.    Inventories

We value some of our consolidated inventories, including most of our U.S. inventories, at the lower of cost, using the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method or market value. If the LIFO method had not been used, inventories at current cost would have been $429 million higher than reported as of April 30, 2023, and $473 million higher than reported as of January 31, 2024. Changes in the LIFO valuation reserve for interim periods are based on an allocation of the projected change for the entire fiscal year, recognized proportionately over the remainder of the fiscal year.

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4.    Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

The following table shows the changes in goodwill (which includes no accumulated impairment losses) and other intangible assets during the nine months ended January 31, 2024:

(Dollars in millions)	Goodwill		Other Intangible Assets
Balance at April 30, 2023	$	1,457	$	1,164
Purchase accounting adjustment (Note 14)	40		(53)
Sale of business (Note 15)	(10)		(89)
Reclassification to assets held for sale (Note 16)	(18)		—
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(5)		(18)
Balance at January 31, 2024	$	1,464	$	1,004

Our other intangible assets consist of trademarks and brand names, all with indefinite useful lives.

5.    Contingencies

We operate in a litigious environment, and we are sued in the normal course of business. Sometimes plaintiffs seek substantial damages. Significant judgment is required in predicting the outcome of these suits and claims, many of which take years to adjudicate. We accrue estimated costs for a contingency when we believe that a loss is probable and we can make a reasonable estimate of the loss, and then adjust the accrual as appropriate to reflect changes in facts and circumstances. We do not believe it is reasonably possible that these existing loss contingencies, individually or in the aggregate, would have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, or liquidity. No material accrued loss contingencies were recorded as of January 31, 2024.

6.    Debt

Our long-term debt (net of unamortized discount and issuance costs) consisted of:

(Principal and carrying amounts in millions)	April 30, 2023		January 31, 2024
3.50% senior notes, $300 principal amount, due April 15, 2025	$	299	$	299
1.20% senior notes, €300 principal amount, due July 7, 2026	330		325
2.60% senior notes, £300 principal amount, due July 7, 2028	375		379
4.75% senior notes, $650 principal amount, due April 15, 2033	642		643
4.00% senior notes, $300 principal amount, due April 15, 2038	295		295
3.75% senior notes, $250 principal amount, due January 15, 2043	248		248
4.50% senior notes, $500 principal amount, due July 15, 2045	489		489
	$	2,678	$	2,678

Our short-term borrowings consisted of borrowings under our commercial paper program, as follows:

(Dollars in millions)	April 30, 2023	January 31, 2024
Commercial paper (par amount)	$235	$730
Average interest rate	5.17%	5.48%
Average remaining days to maturity	21	20

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7.    Stockholders’ Equity

The following table shows the changes in stockholders’ equity by quarter during the nine months ended January 31, 2023:

(Dollars in millions)	Class A Common Stock		Class B Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		AOCI		Treasury Stock		Total
Balance at April 30, 2022	$	25	$	47	$	—	$	3,242	$	(352)	$	(225)	$	2,737
Net income							249						249
Net other comprehensive income (loss)									1				1
Declaration of cash dividends							(180)						(180)
Stock-based compensation expense					4								4
Stock issued under compensation plans											4		4
Loss on issuance of treasury stock issued under compensation plans					(4)		(4)						(8)
Balance at July 31, 2022	25		47		—		3,307		(351)		(221)		2,807
Net income							227						227
Net other comprehensive income (loss)									2				2
Stock-based compensation expense					5								5
Stock issued under compensation plans											1		1
Loss on issuance of treasury stock issued under compensation plans					(2)								(2)
Balance at October 31, 2022	25		47		3		3,534		(349)		(220)		3,040
Net income							100						100
Net other comprehensive income (loss)									91				91
Declaration of cash dividends							(197)						(197)
Stock-based compensation expense					4								4
Stock issued under compensation plans											1		1
Loss on issuance of treasury stock issued under compensation plans					(1)								(1)
Balance at January 31, 2023	$	25	$	47	$	6	$	3,437	$	(258)	$	(219)	$	3,038

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The following table shows the changes in stockholders’ equity by quarter during the nine months ended January 31, 2024:

(Dollars in millions)	Class A Common Stock		Class B Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital		Retained Earnings		AOCI		Treasury Stock		Total
Balance at April 30, 2023	$	25	$	47	$	1	$	3,643	$	(235)	$	(213)	$	3,268
Net income							231						231
Net other comprehensive income (loss)									36				36
Declaration of cash dividends							(197)						(197)
Stock-based compensation expense					4								4
Stock issued under compensation plans											3		3
Loss on issuance of treasury stock issued under compensation plans					(4)		(3)						(7)
Balance at July 31, 2023	25		47		1		3,674		(199)		(210)		3,338
Net income							242						242
Net other comprehensive income (loss)									(91)				(91)
Acquisition of treasury stock											(42)		(42)
Stock-based compensation expense					7								7
Balance at October 31, 2023	25		47		8		3,916		(290)		(252)		3,454
Net income							285						285
Net other comprehensive income (loss)									66				66
Declaration of cash dividends							(206)						(206)
Acquisition of treasury stock											(361)		(361)
Stock-based compensation expense					7								7
Balance at January 31, 2024	$	25	$	47	$	15	$	3,995	$	(224)	$	(613)	$	3,245

The following table shows the change in each component of accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI), net of tax, during the nine months ended January 31, 2024:

(Dollars in millions)	Currency Translation Adjustments		Cash Flow Hedge Adjustments		Postretirement Benefits Adjustments		Total AOCI
Balance at April 30, 2023	$	(104)	$	10	$	(141)	$	(235)
Net other comprehensive income (loss)	10		(3)		4		11
Balance at January 31, 2024	$	(94)	$	7	$	(137)	$	(224)

The following table shows the cash dividends declared per share on our Class A and Class B common stock during the nine months ended January 31, 2024:

Declaration Date	Record Date	Payable Date	Amount per Share
May 25, 2023	June 8, 2023	July 3, 2023	$0.2055
July 27, 2023	September 5, 2023	October 2, 2023	$0.2055
November 16, 2023	December 1, 2023	January 2, 2024	$0.2178
January 23, 2024	March 8, 2024	April 1, 2024	$0.2178

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8.    Net Sales 

The following table shows our net sales by geography:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	January 31,				January 31,
(Dollars in millions)	2023		2024		2023		2024
United States	$	439	$	469	$	1,455	$	1,442
Developed International1	345		311		927		913
Emerging2	245		238		629		688
Travel Retail3	32		33		110		113
Non-branded and bulk4	20		18		61		58
Total	$	1,081	$	1,069	$	3,182	$	3,214

1Represents net sales of branded products to “advanced economies” as defined by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), excluding the United States. Our top developed international markets are Germany, Australia, the United Kingdom, France, Canada, and Japan.

2Represents net sales of branded products to “emerging and developing economies” as defined by the IMF. Our top emerging markets are Mexico, Poland, and Brazil.

3Represents net sales of branded products to global duty-free customers, other travel retail customers, and the U.S. military regardless of customer location.

4Includes net sales of used barrels, contract bottling services, and non-branded bulk whiskey and wine, regardless of customer location.

The following table shows our net sales by product category:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	January 31,				January 31,
(Dollars in millions)	2023		2024		2023		2024
Whiskey1	$	754	$	731	$	2,215	$	2,167
Ready-to-Drink2	121		127		369		397
Tequila3	79		76		237		238
Wine4	53		51		164		168
Vodka5	27		26		74		75
Non-branded and bulk6	20		18		61		58
Rest of portfolio7	27		40		62		111
Total	$	1,081	$	1,069	$	3,182	$	3,214

1Includes all whiskey spirits and whiskey-based flavored liqueurs. The brands included in this category are the Jack Daniel's family of brands (excluding the “ready-to-drink” products outlined below), the Woodford Reserve family of brands, the Old Forester family of brands, GlenDronach, Benriach, Glenglassaugh, Slane Irish Whiskey, and Coopers’ Craft.

2Includes the Jack Daniel’s ready-to-drink (RTD) and ready-to-pour (RTP) products, New Mix, and other RTD/RTP products.

3Includes the Herradura family of brands, el Jimador, and other tequilas.

4Includes Korbel California Champagne and Sonoma-Cutrer wines.

5Includes Finlandia which we divested on November 1, 2023. Net sales for the three months ended January 31, 2024 were recognized pursuant to the transition services agreement related to distribution services in certain markets.

6Includes net sales of used barrels, contract bottling services, and non-branded bulk whiskey and wine.

7Includes Chambord, Gin Mare, Korbel Brandy, Diplomático, and Fords Gin.

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9.    Pension Costs

The following table shows the components of the net cost recognized for our U.S. pension plans. Similar information for other defined benefit plans is not presented due to immateriality.

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	January 31,				January 31,
(Dollars in millions)	2023		2024		2023		2024
Service cost	$	5	$	5	$	16	$	14
Interest cost	8		8		24		25
Expected return on plan assets	(11)		(10)		(33)		(30)
Amortization of:
Prior service cost	—		—		1		—
Net actuarial loss	2		2		7		5
Settlement charge	27		—		27		—
Net cost	$	31	$	5	$	42	$	14

10.    Income Taxes

Our consolidated interim effective tax rate is based on our expected annual operating income, statutory tax rates, and income tax laws in the various jurisdictions where we operate. Significant or unusual items, including adjustments to accruals for tax uncertainties, are recognized in the fiscal quarter in which the related event or a change in judgment occurs. The effective tax rate on ordinary income for the full fiscal year is expected to be 20.1%, which is lower than the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21.0%, due to the beneficial impact of the foreign-derived intangible income deduction and tax rate differences on the sale of the Finlandia vodka business, partially offset by the impact of state taxes and the tax effects of foreign operations.

The effective tax rate of 20.3% for the nine months ended January 31, 2024, was higher than the expected tax rate of 20.1% on ordinary income for the full fiscal year ending April 30, 2024, primarily due to the impact of tax rate changes which was partially offset by favorable resolution of uncertain tax positions in the current period. The effective tax rate of 20.3% for the nine months ended January 31, 2024, was lower than the effective tax rate of 23.0% for the same period last year, primarily due to decreased impact of state taxes, the reversal of contingent tax liabilities in the current period, and the beneficial impact of tax rate differences on the sale of the Finlandia vodka business, which was partially offset by the absence of benefit from the reversal of valuation allowances in the current period.

11.    Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities

We are subject to market risks, including the effect of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices, and interest rates. We use derivatives to help manage financial exposures that occur in the normal course of business. We formally document the purpose of each derivative contract, which includes linking the contract to the financial exposure it is designed to mitigate. We do not hold or issue derivatives for trading or speculative purposes.

We use currency derivative contracts to limit our exposure to the foreign currency exchange rate risk that we cannot mitigate internally by using netting strategies. We designate most of these contracts as cash flow hedges of forecasted transactions (expected to occur within two years). We record all changes in the fair value of cash flow hedges in AOCI until the underlying hedged transaction occurs, at which time we reclassify that amount to earnings.

Some of our currency derivatives are not designated as hedges because we use them to partially offset the immediate earnings impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates on existing assets or liabilities. We immediately recognize the change in fair value of these contracts in earnings.

We had outstanding currency derivatives, related primarily to our euro, British pound, and Australian dollar exposures, with notional amounts for all hedged currencies totaling $747 million at April 30, 2023, and $560 million at January 31, 2024. The maximum term of outstanding derivative contracts was 24 months at both April 30, 2023 and January 31, 2024.

We also use foreign currency-denominated debt instruments to help manage our foreign currency exchange rate risk. We designate a portion of those debt instruments as net investment hedges, which are intended to mitigate foreign currency exposure related to non-U.S. dollar net investments in certain foreign subsidiaries. Any change in value of the designated

12

portion of the hedging instruments is recorded in AOCI, offsetting the foreign currency translation adjustment of the related net investments that is also recorded in AOCI. The amount of foreign currency-denominated debt instruments designated as net investment hedges was $495 million at April 30, 2023, and $496 million at January 31, 2024.

During the three months ended January 31, 2024, we reclassified $26 million of gains on net investment hedges from AOCI to earnings in connection with the divestiture of Finlandia (Note 15).

At inception, we expect each financial instrument designated as a hedge to be highly effective in offsetting the financial exposure it is designed to mitigate. We assess the effectiveness of our hedges continually. If we determine that any financial instruments designated as hedges are no longer highly effective, we discontinue hedge accounting for those instruments.

We use forward purchase contracts with suppliers to protect against corn price volatility. We expect to take physical delivery of the corn underlying each contract and use it for production over a reasonable period of time. Accordingly, we account for these contracts as normal purchases rather than as derivative instruments.

The following table presents the pre-tax impact that changes in the fair value of our derivative instruments and non-derivative hedging instruments had on AOCI and earnings:

		Three Months Ended
		January 31,
(Dollars in millions)	Classification	2023		2024
Currency derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:
Net gain (loss) recognized in AOCI	n/a	$	(33)	$	(11)
Net gain (loss) reclassified from AOCI into earnings	Sales	11		3
Currency derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Net gain (loss) recognized in earnings	Sales	$	(11)	$	(3)
Net gain (loss) recognized in earnings	Other income (expense), net	2		2
Foreign currency-denominated debt designated as net investment hedge:
Net gain (loss) recognized in AOCI	n/a	$	(32)	$	(19)
Net gain (loss) reclassified from AOCI into earnings	Other income (expense), net	—		26
Total amounts presented in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations for line items affected by the net gains (losses) shown above:
Sales		$	1,406	$	1,406
Other income (expense), net		(124)		84

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		Nine Months Ended
		January 31,
(Dollars in millions)	Classification	2023		2024
Derivative Instruments
Currency derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:
Net gain (loss) recognized in AOCI	n/a	$	3	$	6
Net gain (loss) reclassified from AOCI into earnings	Sales	34		11
Currency derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Net gain (loss) recognized in earnings	Sales	$	(2)	$	(1)
Net gain (loss) recognized in earnings	Other income (expense), net	11		8
Foreign currency-denominated debt designated as net investment hedge:
Net gain (loss) recognized in AOCI	n/a	$	10	$	(2)
Net gain (loss) reclassified from AOCI into earnings	Other income (expense), net	—		26
Total amounts presented in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations for line items affected by the net gains (losses) shown above:
Sales		$	4,078	$	4,137
Other income (expense), net		(117)		91

We expect to reclassify $4 million of deferred net gains on cash flow hedges recorded in AOCI as of January 31, 2024 to earnings during the next 12 months. This reclassification would offset the anticipated earnings impact of the underlying hedged exposures. The actual amounts that we ultimately reclassify to earnings will depend on the exchange rates in effect when the underlying hedged transactions occur.

The following table presents the fair values of our derivative instruments:

		April 30, 2023				January 31, 2024
(Dollars in millions)	Classification	Derivative Assets		Derivative Liabilities		Derivative Assets		Derivative Liabilities
Designated as cash flow hedges:
Currency derivatives	Other current assets	$	20	$	(11)	$	10	$	(4)
Currency derivatives	Other assets	5		(1)		1		—
Currency derivatives	Accrued expenses	—		(1)		1		(1)
Currency derivatives	Other liabilities	—		(1)		—		(1)
Not designated as hedges:
Currency derivatives	Other current assets	3		—		—		—

The fair values reflected in the above table are presented on a gross basis. However, as discussed further below, the fair values of those instruments subject to net settlement agreements are presented on a net basis in our balance sheets.

In our statements of cash flows, we classify cash flows related to cash flow hedges in the same category as the cash flows from the hedged items.

Credit risk. We are exposed to credit-related losses if the counterparties to our derivative contracts default. This credit risk is limited to the fair value of the contracts. To manage this risk, we contract only with major financial institutions that have investment-grade credit ratings and with whom we have standard International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA) agreements that allow for net settlement of the derivative contracts. Also, we have established counterparty credit guidelines that we monitor regularly, and we monetize contracts when we believe it is warranted. Because of these safeguards, we believe we have no derivative positions that warrant credit valuation adjustments.

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Our derivative instruments require us to maintain a specific level of creditworthiness, which we have maintained. If our creditworthiness were to fall below that level, then the counterparties to our derivative instruments could request immediate payment or collateralization for derivative instruments in net liability positions. The aggregate fair value of our derivatives with creditworthiness requirements that were in a net liability position was $1 million at April 30, 2023, and $1 million at January 31, 2024.

Offsetting. As noted above, our derivative contracts are governed by ISDA agreements that allow for net settlement of derivative contracts with the same counterparty. It is our policy to present the fair values of current derivatives (that is, those with a remaining term of 12 months or less) with the same counterparty on a net basis in our balance sheets. Similarly, we present the fair values of noncurrent derivatives with the same counterparty on a net basis. We do not net current derivatives with noncurrent derivatives in our balance sheets.

The following table summarizes the gross and net amounts of our derivative contracts:

(Dollars in millions)	Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets (Liabilities)		Gross Amounts Offset in Balance Sheet		Net Amounts Presented in Balance Sheet		Gross Amounts Not Offset in Balance Sheet		Net Amounts
April 30, 2023
Derivative assets	$	28	$	(12)	$	16	$	(1)	$	15
Derivative liabilities	(14)		12		(2)		1		(1)
January 31, 2024
Derivative assets	12		(5)		7		—		7
Derivative liabilities	(6)		5		(1)		—		(1)

No cash collateral was received or pledged related to our derivative contracts as of April 30, 2023, or January 31, 2024.

12.    Fair Value Measurements

The following table summarizes the assets and liabilities measured or disclosed at fair value on a recurring basis:

	April 30, 2023				January 31, 2024
	Carrying		Fair		Carrying		Fair
(Dollars in millions)	Amount		Value		Amount		Value
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	374	$	374	$	589	$	589
Currency derivatives, net	16		16		7		7
Liabilities
Currency derivatives, net	2		2		1		1
Short-term borrowings	235		235		728		728
Long-term debt	2,678		2,556		2,678		2,570
Contingent consideration (Note 14)	63		63		62		62

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. We categorize the fair values of assets and liabilities into three levels based on the assumptions (inputs) used to determine those values. Level 1 provides the most reliable measure of fair value, while Level 3 generally requires significant management judgment. The three levels are:

•Level 1 – Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

•Level 2 – Observable inputs other than those included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in inactive markets; or other inputs that are observable or can be derived from or corroborated by observable market data.

•Level 3 – Unobservable inputs supported by little or no market activity.

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We determine the fair values of our currency derivatives (forward contracts) using standard valuation models. The significant inputs used in these models, which are readily available in public markets or can be derived from observable market transactions, include the applicable spot exchange rates, forward exchange rates, and interest rates. These fair value measurements are categorized as Level 2 within the valuation hierarchy.

We determine the fair value of long-term debt primarily based on the prices at which identical or similar debt has recently traded in the market and also considering the overall market conditions on the date of valuation. These fair value measurements are categorized as Level 2 within the valuation hierarchy.

The fair values of cash, cash equivalents, and short-term borrowings approximate the carrying amounts due to the short maturities of these instruments.

We determine the fair value of our contingent consideration liability using a Monte Carlo simulation model, which requires the use of Level 3 inputs, such as projected future net sales, discount rates, and volatility rates. Changes in any of these Level 3 inputs could result in material changes to the fair value of the contingent consideration and could materially impact the amount of noncash expense (or income) recorded each reporting period.

The following table shows the changes in our contingent consideration liability during the nine months ended January 31, 2024:

(Dollars in millions)
Balance at April 30, 2023	$	63
Purchase accounting adjustment (Note 14)	(1)
Change in fair value1	1
Foreign currency translation adjustment	(1)
Balance at January 31, 2024	$	62

1Classified as “other expense (income), net” in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations.

See Note 14 for additional information about the contingent consideration liability.

We measure some assets and liabilities at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. That is, we do not measure them at fair value on an ongoing basis, but we do adjust them to fair value in some circumstances (for example, when we determine that an asset is impaired). During the third quarter of fiscal 2023, we recognized a non-cash impairment charge of $96 million related to the Finlandia brand name. The impairment charge was based on the estimated fair value of the brand name, which we determined using the relief from royalty method, and which is classified as Level 3 within the valuation hierarchy. The impairment charge is included in “other expense (income), net” in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations.

As discussed in Note 14, we also used the relief-from-royalty method to determine fair values in connection with our accounting for business combinations.

No other material nonrecurring fair value measurements were required during the periods presented in these financial statements.

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13.    Other Comprehensive Income

The following table shows the components of net other comprehensive income (loss):

	Three Months Ended						Three Months Ended
	January 31, 2023						January 31, 2024
(Dollars in millions)	Pre-Tax		Tax		Net		Pre-Tax		Tax		Net
Currency translation adjustments:
Net gain (loss) on currency translation	$	111	$	8	$	119	$	61	$	4	$	65
Reclassification to earnings	—		—		—		4		6		10
Other comprehensive income (loss), net	111		8		119		65		10		75
Cash flow hedge adjustments:
Net gain (loss) on hedging instruments	(33)		7		(26)		(11)		3		(8)
Reclassification to earnings1	(11)		3		(8)		(3)		1		(2)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net	(44)		10		(34)		(14)		4		(10)
Postretirement benefits adjustments:
Net actuarial gain (loss) and prior service cost	(21)		5		(16)		—		—		—
Reclassification to earnings2	29		(7)		22		1		—		1
Other comprehensive income (loss), net	8		(2)		6		1		—		1
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net	$	75	$	16	$	91	$	52	$	14	$	66
	Nine Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	January 31, 2023						January 31, 2024
(Dollars in millions)	Pre-Tax		Tax		Net		Pre-Tax		Tax		Net
Currency translation adjustments:
Net gain (loss) on currency translation	$	110	$	(2)	$	108	$	—	$	—	$	—
Reclassification to earnings	—		—		—		4		6		10
Other comprehensive income (loss), net	110		(2)		108		4		6		10
Cash flow hedge adjustments:
Net gain (loss) on hedging instruments	3		(1)		2		6		(1)		5
Reclassification to earnings1	(34)		8		(26)		(11)		3		(8)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net	(31)		7		(24)		(5)		2		(3)
Postretirement benefits adjustments:
Net actuarial gain (loss) and prior service cost	(21)		5		(16)		—		—		—
Reclassification to earnings2	34		(8)		26		5		(1)		4
Other comprehensive income (loss), net	13		(3)		10		5		(1)		4
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net	$	92	$	2	$	94	$	4	$	7	$	11

1Pre-tax amount for each period is classified as sales in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

2Pre-tax amount for each period is classified as non-operating postretirement expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

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14.    Acquisitions

As discussed below, we have finalized the purchase price allocations for our Gin Mare and Diplomático acquisitions, both of which we acquired during the third quarter of fiscal 2023. Each acquisition was accounted for as a business combination.

On November 3, 2022, we acquired the Gin Mare and Gin Mare Capri brands through our purchase of 100% of the equity interests of Gin Mare Brand, S.L.U., a Spanish company, and Mareliquid Vantguard, S.L.U., a Spanish company (the “Gin Mare acquisition”). The purchase price of the Gin Mare acquisition was $523 million, which consisted of $468 million in cash paid at the acquisition date plus contingent consideration of $55 million. The purchase price for the Gin Mare acquisition decreased by $1 million as a result of certain fair value adjustments to the contingent consideration made during the first half of fiscal 2024, which were primarily a result of changes in the discount rates used to calculate the fair value as of the acquisition date.

We have allocated the purchase price based on management’s estimates and independent valuations as follows:

(Dollars in millions)	Prior Allocation1		Adjustments		Final Allocation
Trademarks and brand names (indefinite-lived)	$	307	$	(24)	$	283
Goodwill	289		17		306
Total assets	596		(7)		589
Deferred tax liabilities	72		(6)		66
Net assets acquired	$	524	$	(1)	$	523

1As reported in Note 12 to our consolidated financial statements in our 2023 Form 10-K.

The adjustments to the prior Gin Mare purchase price allocation reflect revised valuations for the trademarks and brand names, which were driven by an increase in the discount rates used to calculate fair values as of the acquisition date, partially offset by higher projections of future cash flows. The Gin Mare purchase price allocation was finalized during the second quarter of fiscal 2024.

The contingent consideration of $55 million reflects the estimated fair value, at the acquisition date, of contingent future cash payments of up to €90 million to the sellers under an “earn-out” provision of the acquisition agreement. We determined the estimated fair value of the contingent consideration using a Monte Carlo simulation, which requires the use of assumptions, such as projected future net sales, discount rates, and volatility rates.

Any contingent consideration earned by the sellers will be payable in cash no earlier than July 2024 and no later than July 2027, depending on when the sellers choose to exercise the right to receive the payment. The amount payable will depend on the achievement of net sales targets for Gin Mare for the latest fiscal year completed prior to the date of exercise by the sellers. The possible payments range from zero to €90 million (approximately $89 million as of the acquisition date).

At the acquisition date, we also entered into a supply agreement with the sellers for the production and supply of Gin Mare products to us, at market terms, for an initial period of 10 years (subject to subsequent renewal periods).

On January 5, 2023, we acquired the Diplomático and Botucal rum brands through our purchase of (i) 100% of the equity interests of (a) International Rum and Spirits Distributors Unipessoal, Lda., a Portuguese company, (b) Diplomático Branding Unipessoal Lda., a Portuguese company, (c) International Bottling Services, S.A., a Panamanian corporation, and (d) International Rum & Spirits Marketing Solutions, S.L., a Spanish company; and (ii) certain assets of Destilerias Unidas Corp. (the “Diplomático acquisition”). The purchase price of the Diplomático acquisition consisted of cash of $723 million (net of a post-closing working capital adjustment of $4 million).

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We have allocated the purchase price based on management’s estimates and independent valuations as follows:

(Dollars in millions)	Prior Allocation1		Adjustments		Final Allocation
Accounts receivable	$	11	$	—	$	11
Inventories	36		(2)		34
Other current assets	25		—		25
Property, plant, and equipment	38		—		38
Trademarks and brand names (indefinite-lived)	312		(29)		283
Goodwill	363		23		386
Other assets	2		—		2
Total assets	787		(8)		779
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	13		1		14
Deferred tax liabilities	45		(5)		40
Other liabilities	2		—		2
Total liabilities	60		(4)		56
Net assets acquired	$	727	$	(4)	$	723

1As reported in Note 12 to our consolidated financial statements in our 2023 Form 10-K.

The adjustments to the prior Diplomático purchase price allocation reflect revised valuations for the trademarks and brand names, which were driven by an increase in the discount rates used to calculate fair values as of the acquisition date, partially offset by higher projections of future cash flows. The adjustments also reflect certain other immaterial net working capital adjustments. The Diplomático purchase price allocation was finalized during the third quarter of fiscal 2024.

At the acquisition date, we also entered into a supply agreement with the sellers for their production and supply of rum to us, at market terms, for an initial period of 10 years (subject to subsequent renewal periods).

The amounts allocated to trademarks and brand names for each acquisition were estimated using the relief-from royalty method, which requires the use of significant assumptions, such as discount rates and projected future net sales.

Goodwill is calculated as the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net identifiable assets acquired. The goodwill recorded for each acquisition is primarily attributable to the value of leveraging our distribution network and brand-building expertise to grow sales of the acquired brands. For the Gin Mare acquisition, we expect none of the goodwill of $306 million to be deductible for tax purposes. For the Diplomático acquisition, we expect $108 million of the goodwill of $386 million to be deductible for tax purposes.

In connection with the acquisitions, we recognized transaction expenses of $50 million during the nine months ended January 31, 2023, of which $45 million was recognized during the third quarter. The following table shows the classification of the transaction expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

(Dollars in millions)	Three Months Ended January 31, 2023		Nine Months Ended January 31, 2023
Selling, general, and administrative expenses	$	3	$	8
Other expense (income), net	42		42
Total transaction expenses	$	45	$	50

The transaction expenses largely reflects payments made to terminate certain distribution contracts related to the acquired brands.

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15.    Finlandia Divestiture

On November 1, 2023, we sold the Finlandia vodka business to Coca-Cola HBC AG for $194 million in cash. The sale reflects the continued evolution of our portfolio strategy to focus on premium spirits brands. The net carrying amount of the related business assets and liabilities included in the sale was $100 million, consisting largely of goodwill and other intangible assets. As a result of the sale, we recognized a pre-tax gain of $90 million during the third quarter of fiscal 2024, which consisted of the following:

(Dollars in millions)	November 1, 2023
Proceeds from sale	$	194
Net carrying amount of assets and liabilities sold	(100)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI:
Cumulative translation losses	(30)
Net investment hedge gain (Note 11)	26
Net pre-tax gain on sale1	$	90

1Classified as “other expense (income), net” in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

16.    Assets Held for Sale

In November 2023, we reached an agreement to sell our Sonoma-Cutrer wine business to The Duckhorn Portfolio, Inc. in exchange for an ownership percentage of approximately 21.5% in The Duckhorn Portfolio, Inc. and cash of $50 million. The transaction, which is subject to certain customary closing adjustments and conditions, is expected to close in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024.

The net carrying amount of the related business assets and liabilities as of January 31, 2024, was $146 million and consisted of the following:

(Dollars in millions)	January 31, 2024
Inventories	$	62
Property, plant, and equipment	81
Goodwill	18
Total assets held for sale	161
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	3
Deferred tax liabilities	12
Total liabilities held for sale	15
Net assets held for sale	$	146

The total carrying amounts of the assets and liabilities held for sale are presented as separate line items in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of January 31, 2024.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

You should read the following discussion and analysis in conjunction with both our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2023 (2023 Form 10-K). Note that the results of operations for the nine months ended January 31, 2024, are not necessarily indicative of future or annual results. In this Item, “we,” “us,” “our,” “Brown-Forman,” and the “Company” refer to Brown-Forman Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries, collectively.

Presentation Basis

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We use some financial measures in this report that are not measures of financial performance under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). These non-GAAP measures, defined below, should be viewed as supplements to (not substitutes for) our results of operations and other measures reported under GAAP. Other companies may define or calculate these non-GAAP measures differently.

“Organic change” in measures of statements of operations. We present changes in certain measures, or line items, of the statements of operations that are adjusted to an “organic” basis. We use “organic change” for the following measures: (a) organic net sales; (b) organic cost of sales; (c) organic gross profit; (d) organic advertising expenses; (e) organic selling, general, and administrative (SG&A) expenses; (f) organic other expense (income), net; (g) organic operating expenses1; and (h) organic operating income. To calculate these measures, we adjust, as applicable, for (1) acquisitions and divestitures, (2) foreign exchange, and (3) impairment charges. We explain these adjustments below.

•“Acquisitions and divestitures.” This adjustment removes (a) the gain or loss recognized on sale of divested brands and certain fixed assets, (b) any non-recurring effects related to our acquisitions and divestitures (e.g., transaction, transition, and integration costs), (c) the effects of operating activity related to acquired and divested brands for periods not comparable year over year (non-comparable periods), and (d) fair value changes to contingent consideration liabilities. Excluding non-comparable periods allows us to include the effects of acquired and divested brands only to the extent that results are comparable year over year.

During the third quarter of fiscal 2023, we acquired Gin Mare Brand, S.L.U. and Mareliquid Vantguard, S.L.U., which owned the Gin Mare brand (Gin Mare). This adjustment removes (a) the transaction, transition, and integration costs related to the acquisition, (b) operating activity for the non-comparable periods, which is activity in the first and second quarters of fiscal 2024, and (c) fair value adjustments to Gin Mare’s earn-out contingent consideration liability that is payable in cash no earlier than July 2024 and no later than July 2027.

During the third quarter of fiscal 2023, we acquired (a) International Rum and Spirits Distributors Unipessoal, Lda., (b) Diplomático Branding Unipessoal Lda., (c) International Bottling Services, S.A., (d) International Rum & Spirits Marketing Solutions, S.L., and (e) certain assets of Destilerias Unidas Corp., which collectively own the Diplomático Rum brand and related assets (Diplomático). This adjustment removes (a) the transaction, transition, and integration costs related to the acquisition, and (b) operating activity for the non-comparable periods, which is primarily activity in the first three quarters of fiscal 2024.

During the third quarter of fiscal 2024, we sold our Finlandia vodka business, which resulted in a pre-tax gain of $90 million, and entered into a related transition services agreement (TSA) for this business. This adjustment removes the (a) transaction costs related to the divestiture, (b) the gain on sale of the Finlandia vodka business, (c) operating activity for the non-comparable period, which is activity in the third and fourth quarters of fiscal 2023, and (d) net sales, cost of sales, and operating expenses1 recognized pursuant to the TSA related to distribution services in certain markets.

During the third quarter of fiscal 2024, we reached an agreement to sell our Sonoma-Cutrer wine business to The Duckhorn Portfolio, Inc. This transaction is expected to close in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024. This adjustment removes the transaction costs related to the pending disposition.

During the second quarter of fiscal 2024, we recognized a gain of $7 million on the sale of certain fixed assets. This adjustment removes the gain from our other expense (income), net and operating income to present our organic results on a comparable basis.

We believe that these adjustments allow for us to better understand our organic results on a comparable basis.

1 Operating expenses include advertising expense, SG&A expense, and other expense (income), net.

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•“Foreign exchange.” We calculate the percentage change in certain line items of the statements of operations in accordance with GAAP and adjust to exclude the cost or benefit of currency fluctuations. Adjusting for foreign exchange allows us to understand our business on a constant-dollar basis, as fluctuations in exchange rates can distort the organic trend both positively and negatively. (In this report, “dollar” means the U.S. dollar unless stated otherwise.) To eliminate the effect of foreign exchange fluctuations when comparing across periods, we translate current-year results at prior-year rates and remove transactional and hedging foreign exchange gains and losses from current- and prior-year periods.

•“Impairment charges.” This adjustment removes the impact of impairment charges from our results of operations. During the third quarter of fiscal 2023, we recognized a non-cash impairment charge of $96 million for the Finlandia brand name. We believe that this adjustment allows for us to better understand our organic results on a comparable basis.

We use the non-GAAP measure “organic change,” along with other metrics, to: (a) understand our performance from period to period on a consistent basis; (b) compare our performance to that of our competitors; (c) calculate components of management incentive compensation; (d) plan and forecast; and (e) communicate our financial performance to the Board of Directors, stockholders, and investment community. We provide reconciliations of the “organic change” in certain line items of the statements of operations to their nearest GAAP measures in the tables under “Results of Operations - Fiscal 2024 Year-to-Date Highlights” and “Results of Operations - Year-Over-Year Period Comparisons.” We have consistently applied the adjustments within our reconciliations in arriving at each non-GAAP measure. We believe these non-GAAP measures are useful to readers and investors because they enhance the understanding of our historical financial performance and comparability between periods. When we provide guidance for organic change in certain measures of the statements of operations we do not provide guidance for the corresponding GAAP change, as the GAAP measure will include items that are difficult to quantify or predict with reasonable certainty, such as foreign exchange, which could have a significant impact to our GAAP income statement measures.

Definitions

Aggregations.

From time to time, to explain our results of operations or to highlight trends and uncertainties affecting our business, we aggregate markets according to stage of economic development as defined by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and we aggregate brands by beverage alcohol category. Below, we define the geographic and brand aggregations used in this report.

Geographic Aggregations.

In “Results of Operations - Fiscal 2024 Year-to-Date Highlights,” we provide supplemental information for our top markets ranked by percentage of reported net sales. In addition to markets listed by country name, we include the following aggregations:

•“Developed International” markets are “advanced economies” as defined by the IMF, excluding the United States. Our top developed international markets were Germany, Australia, the United Kingdom, France, Canada, and Japan. This aggregation represents our net sales of branded products to these markets.

•“Emerging” markets are “emerging and developing economies” as defined by the IMF. Our top emerging markets were Mexico, Poland, and Brazil. This aggregation represents our net sales of branded products to these markets.

•“Travel Retail” represents our net sales of branded products to global duty-free customers, other travel retail customers, and the U.S. military, regardless of customer location.

•“Non-branded and bulk” includes net sales of used barrels, contract bottling services, and non-branded bulk whiskey and wine, regardless of customer location.

Brand Aggregations.

In “Results of Operations - Fiscal 2024 Year-to-Date Highlights,” we provide supplemental information for our top brands ranked by percentage of reported net sales. In addition to brands listed by name, we include the following aggregations outlined below.

In fiscal 2023, we began presenting “Ready-to-Drink” products as a separate aggregation due to its more significant contribution to our growth in recent years and industry-wide category growth trends. “Whiskey” no longer contains Jack Daniel’s ready-to-drink (RTD) and ready-to-pour (RTP), and “Tequila” no longer includes New Mix. These brands are now included in the “Ready-to-Drink” brand aggregation.

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•“Whiskey” includes all whiskey spirits and whiskey-based flavored liqueurs. The brands included in this category are the Jack Daniel’s family of brands (excluding the “Ready-to-Drink” products defined below), the Woodford Reserve family of brands (Woodford Reserve), the Old Forester family of brands (Old Forester), GlenDronach, Benriach, Glenglassaugh, Slane Irish Whiskey, and Coopers’ Craft.

•“American whiskey” includes the Jack Daniel’s family of brands (excluding the “Ready-to-Drink” products defined below) and premium bourbons (defined below).

•“Premium bourbons” includes Woodford Reserve, Old Forester, and Coopers’ Craft.

•“Super-premium American whiskey” includes Woodford Reserve, Gentleman Jack, and other super-premium Jack Daniel's expressions.

•“Ready-to-Drink” includes all ready-to-drink (RTD) and ready-to-pour (RTP) products. The brands included in this category are Jack Daniel’s RTD and RTP products (JD RTD/RTP), New Mix, and other RTD/RTP products.

•“Jack Daniel’s RTD/RTP” products include all RTD line extensions of Jack Daniel’s, such as Jack Daniel’s & Cola, Jack Daniel’s Country Cocktails, Jack Daniel’s Double Jack, Jack Daniel’s & Coca-Cola RTD, and other malt- and spirit-based Jack Daniel’s RTDs, along with Jack Daniel’s Winter Jack RTP.

•“Jack Daniel’s & Coca-Cola RTD” includes all Jack Daniel’s and Coca-Cola RTD products and Jack Daniel’s bulk whiskey shipments for the production of this product.

•“Tequila” includes the Herradura family of brands (Herradura), el Jimador, and other tequilas.

•“Wine” includes Korbel California Champagnes and Sonoma-Cutrer wines.

•“Vodka” includes Finlandia, which we divested on November 1, 2023. See Note 15 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and Non-GAAP Financial Measures above for more details.

•“Rest of Portfolio” includes Chambord, Gin Mare, Korbel Brandy, Diplomático, and Fords Gin.

•“Non-branded and bulk” includes net sales of used barrels, contract bottling services, and non-branded bulk whiskey and wine.

•“Jack Daniel’s family of brands” includes Jack Daniel’s Tennessee Whiskey (JDTW), JD RTD/RTP, Jack Daniel’s Tennessee Honey (JDTH), Gentleman Jack, Jack Daniel’s Tennessee Fire (JDTF), Jack Daniel’s Tennessee Apple (JDTA), Jack Daniel’s Single Barrel Collection (JDSB), Jack Daniel’s Bonded Tennessee Whiskey, Jack Daniel’s Sinatra Select, Jack Daniel’s Tennessee Rye Whiskey (JDTR), Jack Daniel’s Bottled-in-Bond, Jack Daniel’s Triple Mash Blended Straight Whiskey, Jack Daniel’s No. 27 Gold Tennessee Whiskey, Jack Daniel’s 10 Years Old, Jack Daniel’s 12 Years Old, and other Jack Daniel’s expressions.

Other Metrics.

•“Shipments.” We generally record revenues when we ship or deliver our products to our customers. In this report, unless otherwise specified, we refer to shipments when discussing volume.

•“Depletions.” This metric is commonly used in the beverage alcohol industry to describe volume. Depending on the context, depletions usually means either (a) where Brown-Forman is the distributor, shipments directly to retail or wholesale customers or (b) where Brown-Forman is not the distributor, shipments from distributor customers to retailers and wholesalers. We believe that depletions measure volume in a way that more closely reflects consumer demand than our shipments to distributor customers do.

•“Consumer takeaway.” When discussing trends in the market, we refer to consumer takeaway, a term commonly used in the beverage alcohol industry that refers to the purchase of product by consumers from retail outlets, including products purchased through e-commerce channels, as measured by volume or retail sales value. This information is provided by outside parties, such as Nielsen and the National Alcohol Beverage Control Association (NABCA). Our estimates of market share or changes in market share are derived from consumer takeaway data using the retail sales value metric. We believe consumer takeaway is a leading indicator of consumer demand trends.

•“Estimated net change in distributor inventories.” We generally recognize revenue when our products are shipped or delivered to customers. In the United States and certain other markets, our customers are distributors that sell downstream to retailers and consumers. We believe that our distributors’ downstream sales more closely reflect actual consumer

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demand than do our shipments to distributors. Our shipments increase distributors’ inventories, while distributors’ depletions (as described above) reduce their inventories. Therefore, it is possible that our shipments do not coincide with distributors’ downstream depletions and merely reflect changes in distributors’ inventories. Because changes in distributors’ inventories could affect our trends, we believe it is useful for investors to understand those changes in the context of our operating results.

We perform the following calculation to determine the “estimated net change in distributor inventories”:

•For both the current-year period and the comparable prior-year period, we calculate a “depletion-based” amount by (a) dividing the organic dollar amount (e.g. organic net sales) by the corresponding shipment volumes to arrive at a shipment per case amount, and (b) multiplying the resulting shipment per case amount by the corresponding depletion volumes. We subtract the year-over-year percentage change of the “depletion-based” amount from the year-over-year percentage change of the organic amount to calculate the “estimated net change in distributor inventories.”

•A positive difference is interpreted as a net increase in distributors’ inventories, which implies that organic trends could decrease as distributors reduce inventories; whereas, a negative difference is interpreted as a net decrease in distributors’ inventories, which implies that organic trends could increase as distributors rebuild inventories.

Important Information on Forward-Looking Statements:

This report contains statements, estimates, and projections that are “forward-looking statements” as defined under U.S. federal securities laws. Words such as “aim,” “anticipate,” “aspire,” “believe,” “can,” “continue,” “could,” “envision,” “estimate,” “expect,” “expectation,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “potential,” “project,” “pursue,” “see,” “seek,” “should,” “will,” “would,” and similar words indicate forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date we make them. Except as required by law, we do not intend to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise. By their nature, forward-looking statements involve risks, uncertainties, and other factors (many beyond our control) that could cause our actual results to differ materially from our historical experience or from our current expectations or projections. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to:

•Our substantial dependence upon the continued growth of the Jack Daniel's family of brands

•Substantial competition from new entrants, consolidations by competitors and retailers, and other competitive activities, such as pricing actions (including price reductions, promotions, discounting, couponing, or free goods), marketing, category expansion, product introductions, or entry or expansion in our geographic markets or distribution networks

•Route-to-consumer changes that affect the timing of our sales, temporarily disrupt the marketing or sale of our products, or result in higher fixed costs

•Disruption of our distribution network or inventory fluctuations in our products by distributors, wholesalers, or retailers

•Changes in consumer preferences, consumption, or purchase patterns – particularly away from larger producers in favor of small distilleries or local producers, or away from brown spirits, our premium products, or spirits generally, and our ability to anticipate or react to them; further legalization of marijuana; bar, restaurant, travel, or other on-premise declines; shifts in demographic or health and wellness trends; or unfavorable consumer reaction to new products, line extensions, package changes, product reformulations, or other product innovation

•Production facility, aging warehouse, or supply chain disruption

•Imprecision in supply/demand forecasting

•Higher costs, lower quality, or unavailability of energy, water, raw materials, product ingredients, or labor

•Risks associated with acquisitions, dispositions, business partnerships, or investments – such as acquisition integration, termination difficulties or costs, or impairment in recorded value

•Impact of health epidemics and pandemics, and the risk of the resulting negative economic impacts and related governmental actions

•Unfavorable global or regional economic conditions and related economic slowdowns or recessions, low consumer confidence, high unemployment, weak credit or capital markets, budget deficits, burdensome government debt, austerity measures, higher interest rates, higher taxes, political instability, higher inflation, deflation, lower returns on pension assets, or lower discount rates for pension obligations

•Product recalls or other product liability claims, product tampering, contamination, or quality issues

•Negative publicity related to our company, products, brands, marketing, executive leadership, employees, Board of Directors, family stockholders, operations, business performance, or prospects

•Failure to attract or retain key executive or employee talent

•Risks associated with being a U.S.-based company with a global business, including commercial, political, and financial risks; local labor policies and conditions; protectionist trade policies, or economic or trade sanctions, including additional

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retaliatory tariffs on American whiskeys and the effectiveness of our actions to mitigate the negative impact on our margins, sales, and distributors; compliance with local trade practices and other regulations; terrorism, kidnapping, extortion, or other types of violence; and health pandemics

•Failure to comply with anti-corruption laws, trade sanctions and restrictions, or similar laws or regulations

•Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, particularly a stronger U.S. dollar

•Changes in laws, regulatory measures, or governmental policies, especially those affecting production, importation, marketing, labeling, pricing, distribution, sale, or consumption of our beverage alcohol products

•Tax rate changes (including excise, corporate, sales or value-added taxes, property taxes, payroll taxes, import and export duties, and tariffs) or changes in related reserves, changes in tax rules or accounting standards, and the unpredictability and suddenness with which they can occur

•Decline in the social acceptability of beverage alcohol in significant markets

•Significant additional labeling or warning requirements or limitations on availability of our beverage alcohol products

•Counterfeiting and inadequate protection of our intellectual property rights

•Significant legal disputes and proceedings, or government investigations

•Cyber breach or failure or corruption of our key information technology systems or those of our suppliers, customers, or direct and indirect business partners, or failure to comply with personal data protection laws

•Our status as a family “controlled company” under New York Stock Exchange rules, and our dual-class share structure

For further information on these and other risks, please see the risks and uncertainties described in Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors of our 2023 Form 10-K, and those described from time to time in our reports on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

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Overview

For the nine months ended January 31, 2024, reported net sales growth in emerging markets and Travel Retail was partially offset by declines in developed international and the United States.

Acquisitions and Divestitures

During the third quarter of fiscal 2023, we acquired the Gin Mare brand and the Diplomático brand and related assets. These brands positively contributed to our reported net sales growth and reported operating income for the nine months and three months ended January 31, 2024.

During the third quarter of fiscal 2024, we sold our Finlandia vodka business, which resulted in a pre-tax gain of $90 million, and entered into a related TSA for this business. The TSA negatively impacted our reported gross margin for the nine months and three months ended January 31, 2024.

During the third quarter of fiscal 2024, we reached an agreement to sell our Sonoma-Cutrer wine business. This transaction is expected to close in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024. The transaction costs associated with this pending disposition negatively impacted reported operating income for the three months ended January 31, 2024.

Fiscal 2024 Year-to-Date Highlights

•We delivered reported net sales of $3.2 billion for the nine months ended January 31, 2024, an increase of 1% compared to the same period last year. The increase was driven by favorable price/mix and the positive effect of acquisitions and divestitures, largely offset by lower volumes. An estimated net decrease in distributor inventories negatively impacted reported net sales.

◦From a brand perspective, reported net sales growth was driven by the recently acquired brands, Diplomático and Gin Mare, and the growth of New Mix and JDTA, largely offset by declines of JDTW.

◦From a geographic perspective, emerging markets and Travel Retail contributed to reported net sales growth, partially offset by declines in developed international and the United States.

•We delivered reported gross profit of $2.0 billion for the nine months ended January 31, 2024, an increase of $98 million, or 5%, compared to the same period last year. Gross margin increased 2.5 percentage points to 60.9% from 58.4% in the same period last year. The increase in gross margin was driven by favorable price/mix, lower supply chain disruption related costs, and lower tariff-related costs, partially offset by higher input costs, the negative effect of foreign exchange, and the impact of the Finlandia TSA (as described above).

•We delivered reported operating income of $1.0 billion for the nine months ended January 31, 2024, an increase of 25% compared to the same period last year driven by the positive effect of acquisitions and divestitures, higher gross margin, and the absence of the prior year period Finlandia non-cash impairment, partially offset by operating expense growth and the negative effect of foreign exchange.

•We delivered diluted earnings per share of $1.58 for the nine months ended January 31, 2024, an increase of 32% from the $1.20 reported for the same period last year, driven primarily by the increase in reported operating income.

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Summary of Operating Performance
	Three Months Ended January 31,										Nine Months Ended January 31,
(Dollars in millions)	2023			2024			Reported Change		Organic Change1		2023			2024			Reported Change		Organic Change1
Net sales	$	1,081		$	1,069		(1	%)	(2	%)	$	3,182		$	3,214		1	%	—	%
Cost of sales	457			434			(5	%)	(10	%)	1,323			1,257			(5	%)	(9	%)
Gross profit	624			635			2	%	5	%	1,859			1,957			5	%	6	%
Advertising	141			143			1	%	(1	%)	372			414			11	%	7	%
SG&A	186			203			9	%	7	%	541			595			10	%	8	%
Other expense (income), net	124			(84)			nm4		nm4		117			(91)			nm4		nm4
Operating income	173			373			116	%	5	%	829			1,039			25	%	2	%
Total operating expenses2	$	451		$	262		(42	%)	5	%	$	1,030		$	918		(11	%)	10	%
As a percentage of net sales3
Gross profit	57.7		%	59.4		%	1.7	pp			58.4		%	60.9		%	2.5	pp
Operating income	15.9		%	34.9		%	19.0	pp			26.0		%	32.3		%	6.3	pp
Non-operating postretirement expense	$	27		$	1		nm4				$	27		$	2		nm4
Interest expense, net	$	22		$	30		36	%			$	54		$	86		59	%
Effective tax rate	19.5		%	16.5		%	(3.0)	pp			23.0		%	20.3		%	(2.7)	pp
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.21		$	0.60		189	%			$	1.20		$	1.58		32	%
Note: Totals may differ due to rounding

1See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” above for details on our use of “organic change,” including how we calculate these measures and why we believe this information is useful to readers.

2Operating expenses include advertising expense, SG&A expense, and other expense (income), net.

3Year-over-year changes in percentages are reported in percentage points (pp).

4Percentage change is not meaningful.

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Results of Operations – Fiscal 2024 Year-to-Date Highlights

Market Highlights

The following table provides supplemental information for our largest markets. We discuss results of the markets most affecting our performance below the table. Unless otherwise indicated, all related commentary is for the nine months ended January 31, 2024 compared to the same period last year.

Top Markets
Nine months ended January 31, 2024	Net Sales % Change vs. 2023
Geographic area1	Reported		Acquisitions and Divestitures		Foreign Exchange		Organic2
United States	(1	%)	(1	%)	—	%	(2	%)
Developed International	(2	%)	(3	%)	(1	%)	(6	%)
Germany	12	%	(2	%)	(2	%)	8	%
Australia	(8	%)	—	%	2	%	(5	%)
United Kingdom	(9	%)	(1	%)	(3	%)	(13	%)
France	(1	%)	(2	%)	(2	%)	(6	%)
Canada	6	%	(1	%)	1	%	5	%
Japan	(100	%)	—	%	(5	%)	(105	%)
Rest of Developed International	11	%	(9	%)	(1	%)	1	%
Emerging	9	%	—	%	2	%	11	%
Mexico	22	%	—	%	(15	%)	7	%
Poland	24	%	(2	%)	(7	%)	16	%
Brazil	12	%	—	%	(3	%)	9	%
Rest of Emerging	(3	%)	—	%	16	%	13	%
Travel Retail	3	%	(1	%)	(1	%)	1	%
Non-branded and bulk	(6	%)	—	%	1	%	(5	%)
Total	1	%	(1	%)	—	%	—	%
Note: Results may differ due to rounding

1See “Definitions” above for definitions of market aggregations presented here.

2See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” above for details on our use of “organic change” in net sales, including how we calculate this measure and why we believe this information is useful to readers.

The United States’ reported net sales declined 1% driven by lower volumes partially reflecting an estimated net decrease in distributor inventories. The decline was largely offset by higher prices across our portfolio led by JDTW and el Jimador, the growth of our super-premium Jack Daniel’s expressions, and the acquisition of Diplomático.

Developed International

•Germany’s reported net sales increased 12% driven by the launch of the Jack Daniel’s & Coca-Cola RTD, the positive effect of foreign exchange, and the acquisitions of Diplomático and Gin Mare, partially offset by lower volumes of Jack Daniel’s & Cola.

•Australia’s reported net sales declined 8% driven by lower volumes of JD RTDs and the negative effect of foreign exchange, partially offset by higher prices for JD RTDs.

•The United Kingdom’s reported net sales declined 9% driven by lower volumes of Jack Daniel’s & Cola, which we previously distributed, due to the introduction of the Jack Daniel’s & Coca-Cola RTD that we do not distribute in this market. The decline was partially offset by the positive effect of foreign exchange.

•France’s reported net sales declined 1% driven by lower volumes of JDTW and JDTH, largely offset by higher prices of JDTW, the acquisition of Diplomático, and the positive effect of foreign exchange.

•Canada’s reported net sales increased 6% driven by higher volumes of JD RTDs.

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•Japan’s reported net sales declined 100% driven by lower volumes across our portfolio due to an estimated net decrease in distributor inventories following a significant inventory build in the second half of fiscal 2023. This decrease includes the buyback of inventory from our distributor in preparation for the transition to owned distribution beginning April 1, 2024.

•Reported net sales in the Rest of Developed International increased 11% led by the acquisitions of Gin Mare and Diplomático, the launch of JDTA in South Korea, and Glenglassaugh old and rare cask sales. An estimated net decrease in distributor inventories negatively impacted reported net sales.

Emerging

•Mexico’s reported net sales increased 22% driven by the positive effect of foreign exchange and higher prices of New Mix, partially offset by lower volumes of el Jimador.

•Poland’s reported net sales increased 24% led by favorable price/mix and higher volumes of JDTW, as well as the positive effect of foreign exchange.

•Brazil’s reported net sales increased 12% led by higher volumes of JDTA along with the positive effect of foreign exchange, partially offset by lower JDTW volumes reflecting an estimated net decrease in distributor inventories.

•Reported net sales in the Rest of Emerging declined 3% driven by the negative effect of foreign exchange, reflecting the strengthening of the dollar primarily against the Turkish lira, and lower JDTW volumes in Sub-Saharan Africa. These declines were partially offset by JDTW growth in Türkiye and Ukraine. An estimated net decrease in distributor inventories negatively impacted reported net sales.

Travel Retail’s reported net sales increased 3% driven by growth of our super-premium American whiskey portfolio, as well as the acquisition of Gin Mare, partially offset by lower volumes of JDTW and JDTH.

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Brand Highlights

The following table provides supplemental information for our largest brands. We discuss results of the brands most affecting our performance below the table. Unless otherwise indicated, all related commentary is for the nine months ended January 31, 2024 compared to the same period last year.

Major Brands
Nine months ended January 31, 2024	Net Sales % Change vs 2023
Product category / brand family / brand1	Reported		Acquisitions and Divestitures		Foreign Exchange		Organic2
Whiskey	(2	%)	—	%	1	%	(1	%)
JDTW	(6	%)	—	%	1	%	(5	%)
JDTH	(6	%)	—	%	—	%	(6	%)
Gentleman Jack	(4	%)	—	%	2	%	(2	%)
JDTF	(9	%)	—	%	—	%	(9	%)
JDTA	44	%	—	%	1	%	45	%
Woodford Reserve	2	%	—	%	—	%	2	%
Old Forester	5	%	—	%	—	%	5	%
Rest of Whiskey	18	%	—	%	1	%	19	%
Ready-to-Drink	8	%	—	%	(4	%)	4	%
JD RTD/RTP	1	%	—	%	—	%	1	%
New Mix	34	%	—	%	(17	%)	17	%
Tequila	—	%	—	%	(3	%)	(3	%)
Herradura	(7	%)	—	%	(4	%)	(10	%)
el Jimador	5	%	—	%	(1	%)	4	%
Wine	3	%	—	%	—	%	3	%
Vodka (Finlandia)	—	%	3	%	—	%	3	%
Rest of Portfolio	79	%	(72	%)	3	%	11	%
Non-branded and bulk	(6	%)	—	%	1	%	(5	%)
Note: Results may differ due to rounding

1See “Definitions” above for definitions of brand aggregations presented here.

2See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” above for details on our use of “organic change” in net sales, including how we calculate this measure and why we believe this information is useful to readers.

Whiskey

•Reported net sales for JDTW decreased 6% led by declines in Japan, the United States, and Sub-Saharan Africa, along with the negative effect of foreign exchange, primarily reflecting the strengthening of the dollar against the Turkish lira. These declines were partially offset by higher prices and volumes in Türkiye. An estimated net decrease in distributor inventories negatively impacted reported net sales.

•Reported net sales for JDTH declined 6% driven by lower volumes, largely reflecting an estimated net decrease in distributor inventories.

•Reported net sales for Gentleman Jack declined 4% led by lower volumes in the United States and the negative effect of foreign exchange, primarily reflecting the strengthening of the dollar against the Turkish lira. The decline was partially offset by higher prices in Türkiye.

•Reported net sales for JDTF declined 9% driven by lower volumes in the United States largely reflecting an estimated net decrease in distributor inventories.

•Reported net sales for JDTA increased 44% led by higher volumes in Brazil and the product launch in South Korea.

•Woodford Reserve’s reported net sales increased 2% driven by favorable price/mix, partially offset by lower volumes.

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•Old Forester’s reported net sales increased 5% driven by higher prices in the United States.

•Reported net sales for Rest of Whiskey increased 18% driven by the growth of our other super-premium Jack Daniel's expressions and Glenglassaugh old and rare cask sales.

Ready-to-Drink

•Reported net sales for the JD RTD/RTP brands increased 1% led by the launch of the Jack Daniel’s & Coca-Cola RTD, largely offset by lower volumes of Jack Daniel’s & Cola.

•New Mix grew reported net sales 34%, fueled by higher prices in Mexico and the positive effect of foreign exchange.

Tequila

•Herradura’s reported net sales declined 7% driven by lower volumes in the United States, primarily due to an estimated net decrease in distributor inventories, partially offset by the positive effect of foreign exchange.

•el Jimador’s reported net sales increased 5% driven by higher prices, led by the United States, partially offset by lower volumes in Mexico and the United States.

Reported net sales for our Wines increased 3% driven by higher volumes of Sonoma-Cutrer, partially offset by declines of Korbel California Champagne in the United States.

Reported net sales for Rest of Portfolio increased 79% largely driven by the acquisitions of Gin Mare and Diplomático.

Year-Over-Year Period Comparisons

Net Sales
	3 Months						9 Months
Percentage change versus the prior year period ended January 31	Volume		Price/mix		Total		Volume		Price/mix		Total
Change in reported net sales	(9	%)	8	%	(1	%)	(7	%)	8	%	1	%
Acquisitions and divestitures	—	%	(1	%)	(1	%)	—	%	(1	%)	(1	%)
Foreign exchange	—	%	1	%	1	%	—	%	—	%	—	%
Change in organic net sales	(9	%)	7	%	(2	%)	(7	%)	7	%	—	%
Note: Results may differ due to rounding

For the three months ended January 31, 2024, reported net sales were $1.1 billion, a decrease of $13 million, or 1%, compared to the same period last year driven by lower volumes and the negative effect of foreign exchange, largely offset by favorable price/mix and the positive effect of acquisitions and divestitures. Lower volumes were led by JDTW reflecting an estimated net decrease in distributor inventories and Jack Daniel’s & Cola due to the introduction of the Jack Daniel’s & Coca-Cola RTD. Price/mix largely reflects higher prices across much of our portfolio led by JDTW, most notably in Türkiye in response to high inflation and currency devaluation.

For the nine months ended January 31, 2024, reported net sales were $3.2 billion, an increase of $31 million, or 1%, compared to the same period last year driven by favorable price/mix and the positive effect of acquisitions and divestitures, largely offset by lower volumes. Price/mix largely reflects higher prices across much of our portfolio led by JDTW, most notably in Türkiye in response to high inflation and currency devaluation. Lower volumes were led by JDTW reflecting an estimated net decrease in distributor inventories and Jack Daniel’s & Cola due to the introduction of the Jack Daniel’s & Coca-Cola RTD. See “Results of Operations - Fiscal 2024 Year-to-Date Highlights” above for further details on net sales for the nine months ended January 31, 2024.

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Cost of Sales
	3 Months						9 Months
Percentage change versus the prior year period ended January 31	Volume		Cost/mix		Total		Volume		Cost/mix		Total
Change in reported cost of sales	(9	%)	4	%	(5	%)	(7	%)	2	%	(5	%)
Acquisitions and divestitures	—	%	(3	%)	(3	%)	—	%	(2	%)	(2	%)
Foreign exchange	—	%	(2	%)	(2	%)	—	%	(2	%)	(2	%)
Change in organic cost of sales	(9	%)	(1	%)	(10	%)	(7	%)	(2	%)	(9	%)
Note: Results may differ due to rounding

For the three months ended January 31, 2024, reported cost of sales were $434 million, a decrease of $24 million, or 5%, compared to the same period last year driven by volumetric declines and lower supply chain disruption costs, partially offset by the negative effect of acquisitions and divestitures and the negative effect of foreign exchange. Lower volumes were led by JDTW reflecting an estimated net decrease in distributor inventories and Jack Daniel’s & Cola due to the introduction of the Jack Daniel’s & Coca-Cola RTD.

For the nine months ended January 31, 2024, reported cost of sales were $1.3 billion, a decrease of $66 million, or 5%, compared to the same period last year primarily driven by lower volumes. Lower volumes were led by JDTW reflecting an estimated net decrease in distributor inventories and Jack Daniel’s & Cola due to the introduction of the Jack Daniel’s & Coca-Cola RTD. Cost/mix reflects (a) input cost inflation, (b) the negative effect of foreign exchange, and (c) the negative effect of acquisitions and divestitures, partially offset by lower supply chain disruption related costs.

Gross Profit
Percentage change versus the prior year period ended January 31	3 Months		9 Months
Change in reported gross profit	2	%	5	%
Acquisitions and divestitures	—	%	(1	%)
Foreign exchange	3	%	2	%
Change in organic gross profit	5	%	6	%
Note: Results may differ due to rounding

Gross Margin
For the period ended January 31	3 Months		9 Months
Prior year gross margin	57.7	%	58.4	%
Price/mix	1.5	%	2.9	%
Cost (excluding tariffs)	2.4	%	0.7	%
Acquisitions and divestitures	(0.7	%)	(0.3	%)
Tariffs1	—	%	0.2	%
Foreign exchange	(1.4	%)	(0.9	%)
Change in gross margin	1.8	%	2.5	%
Current year gross margin	59.4	%	60.9	%
Note: Results may differ due to rounding	0.001000		—
1“Tariffs” include the combined effect of tariff-related costs, whether arising as a reduction of reported net sales or as an increase in reported cost of sales.

For the three months ended January 31, 2024, reported gross profit of $635 million increased $11 million, or 2%, compared to the same period last year. Gross margin increased 1.8 percentage points to 59.4% from 57.7% in the same period last year. The increase in gross margin was driven by favorable price/mix and lower supply chain disruption related costs, partially offset by the negative effect of foreign exchange and the impact of the Finlandia TSA (see “Overview” above for more detail).

For the nine months ended January 31, 2024, reported gross profit of $2.0 billion increased $98 million, or 5%, compared to the same period last year. Gross margin increased 2.5 percentage points to 60.9% from 58.4% in the same period last year. The increase in gross margin was driven by favorable price/mix, lower supply chain disruption related costs, and lower tariff-related

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costs, partially offset by higher input costs, the negative effect of foreign exchange, and the impact of the Finlandia TSA (see “Overview” above for more detail).

Operating Expenses
Percentage change versus the prior year period ended January 31
3 Months	Reported		Acquisitions and Divestitures		Foreign Exchange		Organic
Advertising	1	%	(1	%)	(1	%)	(1	%)
SG&A	9	%	(1	%)	(1	%)	7	%
Total operating expenses1	(42	%)	26	%	(6	%)	5	%
9 Months
Advertising	11	%	(3	%)	(1	%)	7	%
SG&A	10	%	(1	%)	(1	%)	8	%
Total operating expenses1	(11	%)	11	%	(1	%)	10	%
Note: Results may differ due to rounding
1Total operating expenses include advertising expense, SG&A expense, and other expense (income), net.

For the three months ended January 31, 2024, reported operating expenses totaled $262 million, a decrease of $189 million, or 42%, compared to the same period last year. The decrease in reported operating expenses was primarily driven by (a) the absence of a non-cash impairment charge for the Finlandia brand name in the prior year, (b) the gain on the sale of the Finlandia vodka business, and (c) the absence of post-closing costs and expenses in connection with the acquisitions of Diplomático and Gin Mare in the prior year, partially offset by an increase in reported SG&A expense and the negative effect of foreign exchange.

•Reported advertising expense increased 1% for the three months ended January 31, 2024 driven by increased investment in JDTW, the negative effect of foreign exchange, and advertising expense for the recently acquired Gin Mare and Diplomático brands. This increase was largely offset by lower spend for the rest of our portfolio.

•Reported SG&A expense increased 9% for the three months ended January 31, 2024 led by higher compensation and benefit-related expenses.

For the nine months ended January 31, 2024, reported operating expenses totaled $918 million, a decrease of $112 million, or 11%, compared to the same period last year. The decrease in reported operating expenses was primarily driven by (a) the absence of a non-cash impairment charge for the Finlandia brand name in the prior year, (b) the gain on the sale of the Finlandia vodka business, and (c) the absence of post-closing costs and expenses in connection with the acquisitions of Diplomático and Gin Mare in the prior year, partially offset by an increase in SG&A expense and the negative effect of foreign exchange.

•Reported advertising expense increased 11% for the nine months ended January 31, 2024 driven by increased investment in JDTW, advertising expense associated with the launch of Jack Daniel’s & Coca-Cola RTD, and advertising expense for the recently acquired Gin Mare and Diplomático brands.

•Reported SG&A expense increased 10% for the nine months ended January 31, 2024 led by higher compensation and benefit-related expenses.

Operating Income
Percentage change versus the prior year period ended January 31	3 Months		9 Months
Change in reported operating income	116	%	25	%
Acquisitions and divestitures	(81	%)	(17	%)
Impairment charges	(42	%)	(11	%)
Foreign exchange	12	%	4	%
Change in organic operating income	5	%	2	%
Note: Results may differ due to rounding

For the three months ended January 31, 2024, reported operating income totaled $373 million, an increase of $200 million, or 116%, compared to the same period last year. Operating margin increased 19.0 percentage points to 34.9% from 15.9% in the

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same period last year driven primarily by the positive effect of acquisitions and divestitures and the absence of the prior year period Finlandia non-cash impairment.

For the nine months ended January 31, 2024, reported operating income totaled $1.0 billion, an increase of $210 million, or 25%, compared to the same period last year. Operating margin increased 6.3 percentage points to 32.3% from 26.0% in the same period last year driven primarily by the positive effect of acquisitions and divestitures, the absence of the prior year period Finlandia non-cash impairment, favorable price/mix, and lower supply chain disruption related costs, partially offset by operating expense growth and the negative effect of foreign exchange.

The effective tax rate for the three months ended January 31, 2024 was 16.5% compared to 19.5% for the same period last year. The decrease in our effective tax rate was driven primarily by lower state taxes and the beneficial impact of tax rate differences on the sale of the Finlandia vodka business, which was partially offset by withholding taxes and a lower benefit from reversal of valuation allowances in the current period.

The effective tax rate for the nine months ended January 31, 2024 was 20.3% compared to 23.0% for the same period last year. The decrease in our effective tax rate was driven primarily by the decreased impact of state taxes, benefit from favorable resolution of uncertain tax positions in the current period, and the beneficial impact of tax rate differences on the sale of the Finlandia vodka business, which was partially offset by the absence of benefit from the reversal of valuation allowances in the current period.

Diluted earnings per share of $0.60 for the three months ended January 31, 2024, increased 189% from the $0.21 reported for the same period last year driven primarily by the increase in reported operating income. Diluted earnings per share of $1.58 for the nine months ended January 31, 2024, increased 32% from the $1.20 reported for the same period last year driven primarily by the increase in reported operating income.

Fiscal 2024 Outlook

Below we discuss our outlook for fiscal 2024, which reflects the trends, developments, and uncertainties (including those described above) that we expect to affect our business.

This updated outlook revises certain aspects of the fiscal 2024 outlook included in Part I, Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended October 31, 2023.

The operating environment continues to be challenging following two years of double-digit organic net sales growth. With the evolving global macroeconomic conditions and normalizing industry trends, we are tempering our expectations. Accordingly, we now expect the following in fiscal 2024:

•Organic net sales to be flat, reflecting the slower than anticipated growth for the nine months ended January 31, 2024.

•Based on the above organic net sales growth outlook, and our expectation of gross margin improvement, we anticipate organic operating income growth in the 0% to 2% range.

•We expect our fiscal 2024 effective tax rate to be in the range of approximately 20% to 22%.

•Capital expenditures are now planned to be in the range of $230 to $240 million.

Liquidity and Financial Condition

Liquidity. We generate strong cash flows from operations, which enable us to meet current obligations, fund capital expenditures, and return cash to our stockholders through regular dividends and, from time to time, through share repurchases and special dividends. We believe our investment-grade credit ratings (A1 by Moody’s and A- by Standard & Poor’s) provide us with financial flexibility when accessing global debt capital markets and allow us to reserve adequate debt capacity for investment opportunities and unforeseen events.

Our cash flows from operations are supplemented by our cash and cash equivalent balances, as well as access to other liquidity sources. Cash and cash equivalents were $374 million at April 30, 2023, and $589 million at January 31, 2024. As of January 31, 2024, approximately 28% of our cash and cash equivalents were held by our foreign subsidiaries whose earnings we expect to reinvest indefinitely outside of the United States. We continue to evaluate our future cash requirements and may decide to repatriate additional cash held by our foreign subsidiaries, which may require us to provide for and pay additional taxes.

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We have a $900 million commercial paper program that we use, together with our cash flows from operations, to fund our short-term operational needs. See Note 6 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for outstanding commercial paper balances, interest rates, and days to maturity at April 30, 2023, and January 31, 2024. The average balances, interest rates, and original maturities during the periods ended January 31, 2023 and 2024, are presented below.

	Three Months Average		Nine Months Average
	January 31,		January 31,
(Dollars in millions)	2023	2024	2023	2024
Average commercial paper	$286	$575	$105	$429
Average interest rate	4.61%	5.51%	4.55%	5.44%
Average days to maturity at issuance	52	33	50	34

Our commercial paper program is supported by available commitments under our $900 million bank credit facility that expires on May 26, 2028. Although unlikely, under extreme market conditions, one or more participating banks may not be able to fund its commitments under our credit facility. To manage this counterparty credit risk, we partner with banks that have investment grade credit ratings, limit the amount of exposure we have with each bank, and monitor each bank’s financial conditions.

Our most significant short-term cash requirements relate primarily to funding our operations (such as expenditures for raw materials, production and distribution, advertising and promotion, and current taxes), dividend payments, and capital investments. We expect to meet our planned short-term liquidity needs largely through cash generated from operations and borrowings under our commercial paper program. If we have additional liquidity needs, we believe that we could access financing in the capital markets. Our most significant longer-term cash requirements primarily include payments related to our long-term debt, employee benefit obligations, and deferred tax liabilities.

We believe our current liquidity position, supplemented by our ability to generate positive cash flows from operations in the future, and our ample debt capacity enabled by our strong short-term and long-term credit ratings, will be sufficient to meet all of our expected future short- and long-term financial commitments.

Cash flows. Cash provided by operations of $362 million during the nine months ended January 31, 2024, declined $48 million from the same period last year, attributable largely to higher levels of inventory, reflecting significantly higher input costs as well as a rebuilding of inventories that had been constrained by past supply chain disruptions.

Cash provided by investing activities was $63 million during the nine months ended January 31, 2024, compared to $1,300 million used for investing activities during the same period last year. The $1,363 million change largely reflects $1,195 million in cash used to acquire Gin Mare and Diplomático during the third quarter of last fiscal year and proceeds of $194 million received from our divestiture of Finlandia in November 2023. The change also reflects a $32 million increase in capital expenditures.

Cash used for financing activities was $212 million during the nine months ended January 31, 2024, compared to $468 million in cash provided by financing activities during the same prior-year period. The $680 million change largely reflects a $510 million decrease in net proceeds from short-term borrowings and a $400 million increase in share repurchases, partially offset by a $250 million decrease in repayments of long-term debt.

Dividends. See Note 7 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report for information about cash dividends declared per share on our Class A and Class B common stock during fiscal 2024.

Share repurchases. As announced on October 2, 2023, the Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $400 million (excluding brokerage fees and excise taxes) of outstanding shares of Class A and Class B common stock from October 2, 2023, through October 1, 2024 (the Repurchase Program), subject to market and other conditions.

Under the Repurchase Program, we repurchased 175,632 Class A shares at an average price of $59.35 per share and 6,736,658 Class B shares at an average price of $57.83 per share, for a total cost of $400 million. The program was completed in December 2023.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

We face market risks arising from changes in foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices, and interest rates. Foreign currency fluctuations affect our net investments in foreign subsidiaries and foreign currency-denominated cash flows. Commodity price changes can affect our production and supply chain costs. Interest rate changes affect (a) the fair value of our fixed-rate debt and (b) cash flows and earnings related to our variable-rate debt and interest-bearing investments. We manage

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market risks through procurement strategies as well as the use of derivative and other financial instruments. Our risk management program is governed by policies that authorize and control the nature and scope of transactions that we use to mitigate market risks. Since April 30, 2023, there have been no material changes to the market risks faced by us or to our risk management program as disclosed in our 2023 Form 10-K.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chief Financial Officer (CFO) (our principal executive and principal financial officers), has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act)), as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, our CEO and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures: (a) are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms; and (b) include controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in such reports is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the CEO and the CFO, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting. There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting during the most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

We operate in a litigious environment and we are sued in the normal course of business. We do not anticipate that any pending legal proceedings will have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, or liquidity.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties discussed in Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors in our 2023 Form 10-K, which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, or future results. There have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in our 2023 Form 10-K.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

On October 2, 2023, the Board of Directors authorized the Repurchase Program described above, under “Liquidity and Financial Condition.”

The following table provides information about shares of our common stock (Class A and Class B, in total) that we acquired as part of the Repurchase Program during the quarter ended January 31, 2024:

Period	Total Number of Class A Share Purchased(2)	Total Number of Class B Shares Purchased(2)	Average Price Paid per Class A Share(1)		Average Price Paid per Class B Share(1)		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased under the Plans or Programs(1)
November 1 – November 30, 2023	77,158	2,942,873	$	60.18	$	58.57	3,020,031	$	180,900,000
December 1 – December 31, 2023	66,527	3,074,853	$	59.44	$	57.55	3,141,380	$	—
January 1 – January 31, 2024	—	—	$	—	$	—	—	$	—
Total	143,685	6,017,726	$	59.84	$	58.05	6,161,411

(1)	As of January 1, 2023, our share repurchases in excess of issuances are subject to 1% excise tax enacted by the Inflation Reduction Act. The amounts reflected in this table exclude related fees, costs, commissions, and any excise tax incurred in connection with the share repurchases.
(2)	All shares in this column were repurchased under the program announced on October 2, 2023, under which the Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $400 million (excluding brokerage fees and excise taxes) of outstanding shares of Class A and Class B common stock between October 2, 2023 and October 1, 2024. The program was completed in December 2023.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

During the three months ended January 31, 2024, no director or officer of the Company adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.

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Item 6. Exhibits

The following documents are filed with this report:

Exhibit Index
31.1	CEO Certification pursuant to Section 302 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2	CFO Certification pursuant to Section 302 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32	CEO and CFO Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (not considered to be filed).
101	The following materials from Brown-Forman Corporation's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended October 31, 2023, in Inline XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language) format: (a) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, (b) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (c) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (d) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (e) Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File in Inline XBRL format (included in Exhibit 101).

The following document has been previously filed:

Exhibit Index
3.1	By-laws of Brown-Forman Corporation, as amended and restated January 23, 2024, incorporated into this report by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of Brown-Forman Corporation's Form 8-K filed on January 26, 2024 (File No. 001-00123).

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

		BROWN-FORMAN CORPORATION
		(Registrant)
Date:	March 6, 2024	By:	/s/ Leanne D. Cunningham
			Leanne D. Cunningham
			Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
			(On behalf of the Registrant and as Principal Financial Officer)

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