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Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Apr. 30, 2018
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
Change in present value of pension and other postretirement benefit obligation
The following table shows how the present value of our obligation changed during each of the last two years. 
 
Pension Benefits
 
Medical and Life
Insurance Benefits
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
Obligation at beginning of year
$
898

 
$
893

 
$
56

 
$
52

Service cost
26

 
24

 
1

 
1

Interest cost
35

 
29

 
2

 
1

Net actuarial loss (gain)
(14
)
 
2

 
—

 
(1
)
Plan amendments
1

 
6

 
(4
)
 
—

Retiree contributions
—

 
—

 
1

 
1

Benefits paid
(53
)
 
(51
)
 
(4
)
 
(4
)
Obligation at end of year
$
893

 
$
903

 
$
52

 
$
50
Expected benefit payments over the next 10 years
Expected benefit payments (net of retiree contributions) over the next 10 years are as follows:
 
Pension Benefits
 
Medical and Life
Insurance Benefits
2019
$
57

 
$
3

2020
58

 
3

2021
59

 
3

2022
61

 
3

2023
62

 
3

2024 – 2028
322

 
17
Fair value of pension plan assets by category, as well as the actual and target allocations
The following table shows the fair value of pension plan assets by category as of the end of the last two years. (Fair value levels are defined in Note 6.)
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
April 30, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity securities
$
78

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
78

Limited partnership interest1
—

 
—

 
4

 
4

 
$
78

 
$
—

 
$
4

 
82

Investments measured at net asset value:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commingled trust funds2:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity funds
 
 
 
 
 
 
206

Fixed income funds
 
 
 
 
 
 
229

Real estate funds
 
 
 
 
 
 
63

Short-term investments
 
 
 
 
 
 
7

Limited partnership interests3
 
 
 
 
 
 
28

Hedge funds4
 
 
 
 
 
 
8

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
623

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
April 30, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity securities
$
89

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
89

Limited partnership interest1
—

 
—

 
4

 
4

 
$
89

 
$
—

 
$
4

 
93

Investments measured at net asset value:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commingled trust funds2:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity funds
 
 
 
 
 
 
226

Fixed income funds
 
 
 
 
 
 
362

Real estate funds
 
 
 
 
 
 
66

Short-term investments
 
 
 
 
 
 
5

Limited partnership interests3
 
 
 
 
 
 
27

Hedge funds4
 
 
 
 
 
 
1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
780

 
 
1 This limited partnership interest was initially valued at cost and has been adjusted to fair value as determined in good faith by management of the partnership using various factors, and does not meet the requirements for reporting at the net asset value (NAV). The valuation requires significant judgment due to the absence of quoted market prices, the inherent lack of liquidity, and the long-term nature of the investment.
2 Commingled trust fund valuations are based on the NAV of the funds as determined by the fund administrators and reviewed by us. NAV represents the underlying assets owned by the fund, minus liabilities and divided by the number of shares or units outstanding. For primarily all commingled trust funds other than real estate, redemptions are permitted daily with no notice period. The real estate fund is redeemable quarterly with 110 days notice.
3 These limited partnership interests were initially valued at cost and have been adjusted using NAV per audited financial statements. Investments are generally not eligible for immediate redemption and have original terms averaging 10 to 13 years, although those periods may be subsequently extended.
4 Hedge fund valuations are based primarily on the NAV of the funds as determined by fund administrators and reviewed by us. During our review, we determine whether it is necessary to adjust a valuation for inherent liquidity and redemption issues that may exist within a fund’s underlying assets or fund unit values.
Change in fair value of Level 3 assets
The following table shows how the fair value of the Level 3 assets changed during each of the last two years. There were no transfers of assets between Level 3 and either of the other two levels.
 
Level 3
Balance as of April 30, 2016
$
5

Sales and settlements
(1
)
Balance as of April 30, 2017
4

Return on assets held at end of year
1

Sales and settlements
(1
)
Balance as of April 30, 2018
$
4
Change in fair value of pension plan Assets
The following table shows how the total fair value of all pension plan assets changed during each of the last two years. (We do not have assets set aside for postretirement medical or life insurance benefits.) 
 
Pension Benefits
 
Medical and Life
Insurance Benefits
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
Assets at beginning of year
$
594

 
$
623

 
$
—

 
$
—

Actual return on assets
51

 
53

 
—

 
—

Retiree contributions
—

 
—

 
1

 
1

Company contributions
31

 
155

 
3

 
3

Benefits paid
(53
)
 
(51
)
 
(4
)
 
(4
)
Assets at end of year
$
623

 
$
780

 
$
—

 
$
—
Funded status of plans
The following table shows the funded status of our plans.
 
Pension Benefits
 
Medical and Life
Insurance Benefits
April 30,
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
Assets
$
623

 
$
780

 
$
—

 
$
—

Obligations
(893
)
 
(903
)
 
(52
)
 
(50
)
Funded status
$
(270
)
 
$
(123
)
 
$
(52
)
 
$
(50
)
Funded status is recorded on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets
The funded status is recorded on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as follows: 
 
 

Pension Benefits
 
Medical and Life
Insurance Benefits
April 30,
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
Other assets
 
$
—

 
$
26

 
$
—

 
$
—

Accounts payable and accrued expenses
 
(5
)
 
(5
)
 
(3
)
 
(3
)
Accrued postretirement benefits
 
(265
)
 
(144
)
 
(49
)
 
(47
)
Net liability
 
$
(270
)
 
$
(123
)
 
$
(52
)
 
$
(50
)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), before tax:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net actuarial gain (loss)
 
$
(322
)
 
$
(291
)
 
$
(13
)
 
$
(10
)
Prior service credit (cost)
 
(4
)
 
(9
)
 
17

 
13

 
 
$
(326
)
 
$
(300
)
 
$
4

 
$
3
Pension plans that have assets in excess of their accumulated benefit obligations with those whose assets are less than their obligations
The following table compares our pension plans whose assets exceed their accumulated benefit obligations with those whose obligations exceed their assets. (As discussed above, we have no assets set aside for postretirement medical or life insurance benefits.) 
 
Plan Assets
 
Accumulated
Benefit Obligation
 
Projected
Benefit Obligation
April 30,
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
Plans with assets in excess of accumulated benefit obligation
$
48

 
$
780

 
$
47

 
$
669

 
$
48

 
$
754

Plans with accumulated benefit obligation in excess of assets
575

 
—

 
729

 
123

 
845

 
149

Total
$
623

 
$
780

 
$
776

 
$
792

 
$
893

 
$
903
Pension expense
The following table shows the components of the pension cost recognized during each of the last three years. The amount for each year includes amortization of the prior service cost/credit and net actuarial loss/gain included in accumulated other comprehensive loss as of the beginning of the year. 
 
Pension Benefits
 
2016
 
2017
 
2018
Service cost
$
26

 
$
26

 
$
24

Interest cost
35

 
35

 
29

Expected return on assets
(40
)
 
(41
)
 
(41
)
Amortization of:
 
 
 
 
 
Prior service cost (credit)
1

 
1

 
1

Net actuarial loss (gain)
27

 
25

 
21

Settlement loss
—

 
1

 
—

Net cost
$
49

 
$
47

 
$
34
Postretirement medical and life insurance benefit expense
The following table shows the components of the postretirement medical and life insurance benefit cost that we recognized during each of the last three years. 
 
Medical and Life Insurance Benefits
 
2016
 
2017
 
2018
Service cost
$
1

 
$
1

 
$
1

Interest cost
2

 
2

 
1

Amortization of:
 
 
 
 
 
Prior service cost (credit)
(2
)
 
(3
)
 
(3
)
Net actuarial loss (gain)
1

 
1

 
1

Net cost
$
2

 
$
1

 
$
—
Amounts recognized in other comprehensive income
The following table shows the pre-tax effect of these amounts on OCI during each of the last three years.
 
Pension Benefits
 
Medical and Life
Insurance Benefits
 
2016
 
2017
 
2018
 
2016
 
2017
 
2018
Prior service credit (cost)
$
—

 
$
(1
)
 
$
(6
)
 
$
—

 
$
4

 
$
—

Net actuarial gain (loss)
(46
)
 
24

 
10

 
1

 
—

 
1

Amortization reclassified to earnings:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prior service cost (credit)
1

 
1

 
1

 
(2
)
 
(3
)
 
(3
)
Net actuarial loss (gain)
27

 
26

 
21

 
1

 
1

 
1

Net amount recognized in OCI
$
(18
)
 
$
50

 
$
26

 
$
—

 
$
2

 
$
(1
)
Assumptions used in computing benefit plan obligations
The weighted-average assumptions used in computing benefit plan obligations as of the end of the last two years were as follows:
 

Pension Benefits
 
Medical and Life
Insurance Benefits
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
Discount rate
4.09
%
 
4.23
%
 
4.04
%
 
4.20
%
Rate of salary increase
4.00
%
 
4.00
%
 
n/a

 
n/a
Assumptions used in computing benefit plan expense
assumptions used in computing benefit plan cost during each of the last three years were as follows: 
 
Pension Benefits
 
Medical and Life
Insurance Benefits
 
2016
 
2017
 
2018
 
2016
 
2017
 
2018
Discount rate for service cost
4.09
%
 
4.02
%
 
4.29
%
 
4.09
%
 
3.96
%
 
4.39
%
Discount rate for interest cost
4.09
%
 
4.02
%
 
3.40
%
 
4.09
%
 
3.96
%
 
3.35
%
Rate of salary increase
4.00
%
 
4.00
%
 
4.00
%
 
n/a

 
n/a

 
n/a

Expected return on plan assets
7.00
%
 
7.00
%
 
6.75
%
 
n/a

 
n/a

 
n/a
Assumed health care cost trend rates
The assumed health care cost trend rates as of the end of the last two years were as follows: 
 
Medical and Life
Insurance Benefits
 
2017
 
2018
Health care cost trend rate assumed for next year
7.25
%
 
7.70
%
Rate to which the cost trend rate is assumed to decline (the ultimate trend rate)
5.00
%
 
5.00
%
Year that the rate reaches the ultimate trend rate
2025

 
2025