10-Q 1 sir331201910q.htm 10-Q Document

 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
þ     
 
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
 
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2019
OR
o     
 
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
 
For the transition period from                      to                     
Commission file number 000-54674
STEADFAST INCOME REIT, INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
Maryland
 
27-0351641
(State or Other Jurisdiction of
 
(I.R.S. Employer
Incorporation or Organization)
 
Identification No.)
 
 
 
18100 Von Karman Avenue, Suite 500
 
 
Irvine, California
 
92612
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
 
(Zip Code)
(949) 852-0700
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filed, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large Accelerated filer o
Accelerated filer o
 
 
Non-Accelerated filer þ
Smaller reporting company o
 
 
Emerging growth company o
 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No þ



Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None
Title of each class
Trading Symbol(s)
Name of each exchange on which registered
N/A
N/A
N/A
As of May 3, 2019, there were 74,206,997 shares of the Registrant’s common stock issued and outstanding.
 



STEADFAST INCOME REIT, INC.
INDEX
 
Page
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


1


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
STEADFAST INCOME REIT, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
 
March 31,
2019
 
December 31,
2018
 
(Unaudited)
 
 
ASSETS
Assets:
 
 
 
Real Estate:
 
 
 
Land
$
90,153,980

 
$
90,153,980

Building and improvements
796,617,530

 
795,383,423

Total real estate held for investment, cost
886,771,510

 
885,537,403

Less accumulated depreciation and amortization
(173,560,492
)
 
(165,112,070
)
Total real estate held for investment, net
713,211,018

 
720,425,333

Real estate held for sale, net
57,719,738

 
126,464,504

Total real estate, net
770,930,756

 
846,889,837

Cash and cash equivalents
157,625,094

 
142,078,166

Restricted cash
8,322,242

 
11,265,317

Investment in unconsolidated joint venture
14,189,492

 
14,085,399

Rents and other receivables
1,512,539

 
1,791,881

Assets related to real estate held for sale
528,949

 
848,960

Other assets
2,235,722

 
2,698,438

Total assets
$
955,344,794

 
$
1,019,657,998

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Liabilities:
 
 
 
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
$
20,013,223

 
$
23,899,595

Notes payable:
 
 
 
Mortgage notes payable, net
565,606,862

 
566,900,461

Credit facility, net
9,917,335

 
52,363,460

Notes payable related to real estate held for sale
39,377,664

 
74,237,653

Total notes payable, net
614,901,861

 
693,501,574

Distributions payable
3,505,901

 
3,515,310

Due to affiliates
1,317,950

 
4,985,918

Liabilities related to real estate held for sale
1,086,138

 
2,994,267

Total liabilities
640,825,073

 
728,896,664

Commitments and contingencies (Note 11)

 


Stockholders’ Equity:
 
 
 
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share; 100,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding

 

Common stock, $0.01 par value per share; 999,999,000 shares authorized, 74,430,443 and 74,650,139 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively
744,305

 
746,502

Convertible stock, $0.01 par value per share; 1,000 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively
10

 
10

Additional paid-in capital
654,221,714

 
656,204,073

Cumulative distributions and net losses
(340,446,308
)
 
(366,189,251
)
Total stockholders’ equity
314,519,721

 
290,761,334

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
955,344,794

 
$
1,019,657,998

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

2


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
Item 1. Financial Statements (continued)




STEADFAST INCOME REIT, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)

 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2019
 
2018
Revenues:
 
 
 
Rental income
$
30,938,841

 
$
34,536,302

Other income
1,071,951

 
918,625

Total revenues
32,010,792

 
35,454,927

Expenses:
 
 
 
Operating, maintenance and management
8,085,547

 
9,419,638

Real estate taxes and insurance
5,545,813

 
5,863,322

Fees to affiliates
3,720,629

 
3,932,066

Depreciation and amortization
8,981,978

 
10,890,796

Interest expense
7,918,789

 
7,894,252

Loss on debt extinguishment
814,831

 
2,010,457

General and administrative expenses
1,426,682

 
1,770,017

Total expenses
36,494,269

 
41,780,548

Loss before other income (expense)
(4,483,477
)
 
(6,325,621
)
Other income (expense):
 
 
 
Equity in earnings (loss) from unconsolidated joint venture
11,493

 
(1,641,405
)
Gain on sales of real estate, net
40,401,584

 
81,247,054

Total other income (expense)
40,413,077

 
79,605,649

Net income
$
35,929,600

 
$
73,280,028

Income per common share — basic and diluted
$
0.48

 
$
0.97

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding — basic
74,492,568

 
75,343,863

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding — diluted
74,503,818

 
75,355,738

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

3


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
Item 1. Financial Statements (continued)




STEADFAST INCOME REIT, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2019 (Unaudited)
 
Common Stock
 
Convertible Stock
 
Additional Paid-
In Capital
 
Cumulative
Distributions &
Net Losses
 
Total Stockholders’
Equity
 
Shares
 
Amount
 
Shares
 
Amount
 
 
 
BALANCE, December 31, 2018
74,650,139

 
$
746,502

 
1,000

 
$
10

 
$
656,204,073

 
$
(366,189,251
)
 
$
290,761,334

Repurchase of common stock
(219,696
)
 
(2,197
)
 

 

 
(1,997,803
)
 

 
(2,000,000
)
Distributions declared

 

 

 

 

 
(10,186,657
)
 
(10,186,657
)
Amortization of stock-based compensation

 

 

 

 
15,444

 

 
15,444

Net income for the three months ended March 31, 2019

 

 

 

 

 
35,929,600

 
35,929,600

BALANCE, March 31, 2019
74,430,443

 
$
744,305

 
1,000

 
$
10

 
$
654,221,714

 
$
(340,446,308
)
 
$
314,519,721

STEADFAST INCOME REIT, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2018 (Unaudited)
 
Common Stock
 
Convertible Stock
 
Additional Paid-
In Capital
 
Cumulative
Distributions &
Net Losses
 
Total Stockholders’
Equity
 
Shares
 
Amount
 
Shares
 
Amount
 
 
 
BALANCE, December 31, 2017
75,479,409

 
$
754,794

 
1,000

 
$
10

 
$
664,110,915

 
$
(334,217,946
)
 
$
330,647,773

Repurchase of common stock
(181,404
)
 
(1,814
)
 

 

 
(1,998,186
)
 

 
(2,000,000
)
Distributions declared

 

 

 

 

 
(13,320,570
)
 
(13,320,570
)
Amortization of stock-based compensation

 

 

 

 
17,295

 

 
17,295

Net income for the three months ended March 31, 2018

 

 

 

 

 
73,280,028

 
73,280,028

BALANCE, March 31, 2018
75,298,005

 
$
752,980

 
1,000

 
$
10

 
$
662,130,024

 
$
(274,258,488
)
 
$
388,624,526


See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

4


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
Item 1. Financial Statements (continued)




STEADFAST INCOME REIT, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2019
 
2018
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
 
 
 
Net income
$
35,929,600

 
$
73,280,028

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:
 
 
 
Depreciation and amortization
8,981,978

 
10,890,796

Amortization of deferred financing costs
408,115

 
280,237

Amortization of stock-based compensation
15,444

 
17,295

Amortization of loan premiums
(44,358
)
 
(125,814
)
Change in fair value of interest rate cap agreements
99,879

 
(127,260
)
Gain on sales of real estate
(40,401,584
)
 
(81,247,054
)
Loss on debt extinguishment
814,831

 
2,010,457

Insurance claim recoveries
(32,032
)
 

Loss on disposal of buildings and improvements
11,684

 

Equity in (earnings) loss from unconsolidated joint venture
(11,493
)
 
1,641,405

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
 
 
 
Rents and other receivables
67,212

 
(87,525
)
Other assets
229,231

 
937,782

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
(4,703,612
)
 
(8,415,737
)
Due to affiliates
(3,671,224
)
 
(512,086
)
Net cash used in operating activities
(2,306,329
)
 
(1,457,476
)
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
 
 
 
Cash contribution to unconsolidated joint venture
(292,600
)
 
(2,491,478
)
Cash distribution from unconsolidated joint venture
200,000

 
266,600

Additions to real estate investments
(1,881,819
)
 
(1,378,986
)
Escrow deposits for pending real estate acquisitions

 
(1,300,100
)
Proceeds from sales of real estate, net
108,294,795

 
178,647,348

Proceeds from insurance claims
244,162

 

Net cash provided by investing activities
106,564,538

 
173,743,384

Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
 
 
 
Proceeds from issuance of mortgage notes payable

 
32,250,000

Principal payments on mortgage notes payable
(36,154,087
)
 
(109,246,843
)
Principal payments on credit facility
(42,656,750
)
 

Payment of deferred financing costs

 
(199,146
)
Payment of debt extinguishment costs
(967,464
)
 
(1,350,856
)
Distributions to common stockholders
(10,196,066
)
 
(13,331,421
)
Repurchases of common stock
(2,000,000
)
 
(2,000,000
)
Net cash used in financing activities
(91,974,367
)
 
(93,878,266
)
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
12,283,842

 
78,407,642

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period
154,192,443

 
205,096,008

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period
$
166,476,285

 
$
283,503,650


5


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
Item 1. Financial Statements (continued)




STEADFAST INCOME REIT, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (CONTINUED)
(Unaudited)
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2019
 
2018
Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information:
 
 
 
Interest paid
$
7,708,215

 
$
8,341,253

Supplemental Disclosure of Noncash Transactions:
 
 
 
Distributions payable
$
3,505,901

 
$
4,584,450

Mortgage notes payable assumed in connection with property sales
$

 
$
(67,140,194
)
Assets and liabilities deconsolidated in connection with the Second Closing Properties:
 
 
 
Real estate, net
$

 
$
(98,350,076
)
Notes payable, net
$

 
$
76,336,778

Restricted cash
$

 
$
(913,408
)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
$

 
$
674,912

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities from additions to real estate investments
$
206,727

 
$
79,189

Repurchases payable
$
2,000,000

 
$
2,000,000

Due to affiliates from additions to real estate investments
$
7,898

 
$
9,040

Operating lease right-of-use asset, net
$
132,628

 
$

Operating lease liabilities, net
$
132,628

 
$


See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

6


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
 
Item 1. Financial Statements (continued)

STEADFAST INCOME REIT, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
March 31, 2019
(unaudited)


1. Organization and Business
Steadfast Income REIT, Inc. (the “Company”) was formed on May 4, 2009, as a Maryland corporation that elected to be taxed as, and currently qualifies as, a real estate investment trust (“REIT”). On June 12, 2009, the Company was initially capitalized pursuant to the sale of 22,223 shares of common stock to Steadfast REIT Investments, LLC (the “Sponsor”) at a purchase price of $9.00 per share for an aggregate purchase price of $200,007. On July 10, 2009, Steadfast Income Advisor, LLC (the “Advisor”), a Delaware limited liability company formed on May 1, 2009, invested $1,000 in the Company in exchange for 1,000 shares of convertible stock (the “Convertible Stock”) as described in Note 7 (Stockholders’ Equity).
The Company owns a diverse portfolio of real estate investments, primarily in the multifamily sector, located throughout the United States. As of March 31, 2019, the Company owned 32 multifamily properties comprising a total of 8,412 apartment homes, an additional 21,130 square feet of rentable commercial space at two properties and a 10% interest in one unconsolidated joint venture that owned 20 multifamily properties with a total of 4,584 apartment homes. On March 13, 2019, the Company’s board of directors determined an estimated value per share of the Company’s common stock of $9.40 as of December 31, 2018.
Public Offering
On July 19, 2010, the Company commenced its initial public offering of up to a maximum of 150,000,000 shares of common stock for sale to the public at an initial price of $10.00 per share (with discounts available for certain categories of purchasers) (the “Primary Offering”). The Company also offered up to 15,789,474 shares of common stock for sale pursuant to the Company’s distribution reinvestment plan (the “DRP,” and together with the Primary Offering, the “Public Offering”) at an initial price of $9.50 per share.
The Company terminated its Public Offering on December 20, 2013. Following termination of the Public Offering, the Company continued to offer shares of common stock pursuant to the DRP until the Company’s board of directors suspended the DRP effective with distributions earned beginning on December 1, 2014. Through December 1, 2014, the Company sold 76,095,116 shares of common stock in the Public Offering for gross offering proceeds of $769,573,363, including 4,073,759 shares of common stock issued pursuant to the DRP for gross offering proceeds of $39,580,847.
The business of the Company is externally managed by the Advisor, pursuant to the Advisory Agreement by and among the Company, Steadfast Income REIT Operating Partnership, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership formed on July 6, 2009 (the “Operating Partnership”) and the Advisor (as amended, the “Advisory Agreement”), which is subject to annual renewal by the Company’s board of directors. The current term of the Advisory Agreement expires on November 15, 2019. Subject to certain restrictions and limitations, the Advisor manages the Company’s day-to-day operations, manages the Company’s portfolio of properties and real estate-related assets, sources and presents investment opportunities to the Company’s board of directors and provides investment management services on the Company’s behalf. Stira Capital Markets Group, LLC (formerly known as Steadfast Capital Markets Group, LLC) (the “Dealer Manager”), an affiliate of the Advisor, served as the dealer manager for the Public Offering. The Advisor, along with the Dealer Manager, also provides marketing, investor relations and other administrative services on the Company’s behalf.
Substantially all of the Company’s business is conducted through the Operating Partnership. The Company is the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership. The Company and Advisor entered into an Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement of the Operating Partnership (the “Partnership Agreement”) on September 28, 2009. The Partnership Agreement provides that the Operating Partnership is operated in a manner that will enable the Company to (1) satisfy the

7


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
 
Item 1. Financial Statements (continued)

STEADFAST INCOME REIT, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
March 31, 2019
(unaudited)

requirements for being classified as a REIT for tax purposes, (2) avoid any federal income or excise tax liability and (3) ensure that the Operating Partnership will not be classified as a “publicly traded partnership” for purposes of Section 7704 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Internal Revenue Code”), which classification could result in the Operating Partnership being taxed as a corporation, rather than as a partnership. In addition to the administrative and operating costs and expenses incurred by the Operating Partnership in acquiring and operating real properties, the Operating Partnership will pay all of the Company’s administrative costs and expenses, and such expenses will be treated as expenses of the Operating Partnership.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
There have been no significant changes to the Company’s accounting policies since it filed its audited financial statements in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, other than Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02 and the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (“SEC”) Disclosure Update and Simplification rule (Release 33-10532), as further described below. For further information about the Company’s accounting policies, refer to the Company’s consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2018, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 15, 2019.
Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, the consolidated variable interest entity (“VIE”) that the Company controls and of which the Company is the primary beneficiary, and the Operating Partnership’s subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated in consolidation. The financial statements of the Company’s subsidiaries are prepared using accounting policies consistent with those of the Company. The Operating Partnership is a VIE as the limited partner lacks substantive kick-out rights and substantive participating rights. The Company is the primary beneficiary of, and consolidates, the Operating Partnership.
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information as contained within the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”), Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) and the rules and regulations of the SEC, including the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, the unaudited consolidated financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for audited financial statements. In the opinion of management, the financial statements for the unaudited interim periods presented include all adjustments that are of a normal and recurring nature and necessary for a fair and consistent presentation of the results of such periods. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2019. The unaudited consolidated financial statements herein should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates.

8


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
 
Item 1. Financial Statements (continued)

STEADFAST INCOME REIT, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
March 31, 2019
(unaudited)

Fair Value Measurements
Under GAAP, the Company is required to measure certain financial instruments at fair value on a recurring basis. In addition, the Company is required to measure other assets and liabilities at fair value on a non-recurring basis (e.g., carrying value of impaired real estate loans receivable and long-lived assets). Fair value is defined as the price that would be received upon the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The GAAP fair value framework uses a three-tiered approach. Fair value measurements are classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories:
Level 1: unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical assets or liabilities;
Level 2: quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-derived valuations in which significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets; and
Level 3: prices or valuation techniques where little or no market data is available that requires inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable.
When available, the Company utilizes quoted market prices from an independent third-party source to determine fair value and will classify such items in Level 1 or Level 2. In instances where the market is not active, regardless of the availability of a nonbinding quoted market price, observable inputs might not be relevant and could require the Company to make a significant adjustment to derive a fair value measurement. Additionally, in an inactive market, a market price quoted from an independent third party may rely more on models with inputs based on information available only to that independent third party. When the Company determines the market for a financial instrument owned by the Company to be illiquid or when market transactions for similar instruments do not appear orderly, the Company uses several valuation sources (including internal valuations, discounted cash flow analysis and quoted market prices) and will establish a fair value by assigning weights to the various valuation sources.
The following describes the valuation methodologies used by the Company to measure fair value, including an indication of the level in the fair value hierarchy in which each asset or liability is generally classified.
Interest rate cap agreements The Company has entered into certain interest rate cap agreements. These derivatives are recorded at fair value. Fair value was based on a model-driven valuation using the associated variable rate curve and an implied market volatility, both of which were observable at commonly quoted intervals for the full term of the interest rate cap agreements. Therefore, the Company’s interest rate cap agreements were classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy and are included in other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Changes in the fair value of the interest rate cap agreements are recorded as interest expense in the accompanying unaudited consolidated statements of operations.

9


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
 
Item 1. Financial Statements (continued)

STEADFAST INCOME REIT, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
March 31, 2019
(unaudited)

The following table reflects the Company’s assets required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis on the consolidated balance sheets:
 
 
March 31, 2019
 
 
Fair Value Measurements Using
 
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate cap agreements
 
$

 
$
17,799

 
$

 
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
Fair Value Measurements Using
 
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate cap agreements
 
$

 
$
117,678

 
$

Changes in assumptions or estimation methodologies can have a material effect on these estimated fair values. In this regard, the derived fair value estimates cannot be substantiated by comparison to independent markets and, in many cases, may not be realized in an immediate settlement of the instrument.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The accompanying consolidated balance sheets include the following financial instruments: cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, rents and other receivables, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, distributions payable, due to affiliates and notes payable.
The Company considers the carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, rents and other receivables, accounts payable and accrued liabilities and distributions payable to approximate the fair value of these financial instruments based on the short duration between origination of the instruments and their expected realization. The fair value of amounts due to affiliates is not determinable due to the related party nature of such amounts.
The fair value of the notes payable is estimated using a discounted cash flow analysis using borrowing rates available to the Company for debt instruments with similar terms and maturities. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the fair value of the notes payable was $608,578,537 and $681,095,544, respectively, compared to the carrying value of $614,901,861 and $693,501,574, respectively. The Company has determined that its notes payable are classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy.
Restricted Cash
Restricted cash represents those cash accounts for which the use of funds is restricted by loan covenants. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had a restricted cash balance of $8,322,242 and $11,265,317, respectively, which represents impounds for future property tax payments, property insurance payments and tenant improvement payments as required by agreements with the Company’s lenders as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

10


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
 
Item 1. Financial Statements (continued)

STEADFAST INCOME REIT, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
March 31, 2019
(unaudited)

The following table represents the components of the cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash presented on the accompanying consolidated statement of cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018:
 
 
March 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
157,625,094

 
$
217,672,108

Restricted cash
 
8,322,242

 
65,831,542

Restricted cash equivalents in assets related to real estate held for sale
 
528,949

 

Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
 
$
166,476,285

 
$
283,503,650

The beginning of period cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash balance for the three months ended March 31, 2019, includes $142,078,166 of cash and cash equivalents, $11,265,317 of restricted cash and $848,960 of restricted cash related to real estate held for sale as of December 31, 2018, on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. In conjunction with property sales during the three months ended March 31, 2019, $320,011 of restricted cash related to real estate held for sale was disposed of while $528,949 was included in assets related to real estate held for sale as of March 31, 2019 for those properties that had not been sold as of March 31, 2019.
Investments in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures
The Company accounts for investments in unconsolidated joint venture entities in which it may exercise significant influence over, but does not control, using the equity method of accounting. Under the equity method, the investment is initially recorded at cost and subsequently adjusted to reflect additional contributions or distributions and the Company’s proportionate share of equity in the joint venture’s earnings (loss). The Company recognizes its proportionate share of the ongoing income or loss of the unconsolidated joint venture as equity in earnings (loss) of unconsolidated joint venture on the consolidated statements of operations. On a quarterly basis, the Company evaluates its investment in an unconsolidated joint venture for other-than-temporary impairments. The Company has elected the cumulative earnings approach to classify cash receipts from the unconsolidated joint venture on the accompanying consolidated statements of cash flows. 
Distribution Policy
The Company has elected to be taxed as, and qualifies as, a REIT commencing with the taxable year ended December 31, 2010. To continue to qualify as a REIT, the Company intends to make distributions each taxable year equal to at least 90% of its REIT taxable income (which is determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction or net capital gain and which does not necessarily equal net income as calculated in accordance with GAAP). Distributions declared during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 were based on daily record dates and calculated at a rate of $0.001519 and $0.001964 per share per day, respectively. Each day during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 was a distribution record date.
Distributions to stockholders are determined by the board of directors of the Company and are dependent upon a number of factors relating to the Company, including funds available for the payment of distributions, financial condition, the timing of property acquisitions, capital expenditure requirements and annual distribution requirements in order for the Company to qualify as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code. During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company declared distributions of $0.137 and $0.177 per common share, respectively.

11


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
 
Item 1. Financial Statements (continued)

STEADFAST INCOME REIT, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
March 31, 2019
(unaudited)

Per Share Data
Basic earnings (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders for all periods presented are computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings (loss) per share is computed based on the weighted average number of shares of the Company’s common stock and all potentially dilutive securities, if any. Distributions declared per common share assume each share was issued and outstanding each day during the period. Nonvested shares of the Company’s restricted common stock give rise to potentially dilutive shares of the Company’s common stock.
In accordance with FASB ASC Topic 260-10-45, Earnings Per Share, the Company uses the two-class method to calculate earnings (loss) per share. Basic earnings (loss) per share is calculated based on dividends declared and the rights of common shares and participating securities in any undistributed earnings, which represents net income (loss) remaining after deduction of dividends declared during the period. The undistributed earnings (loss) are allocated to all outstanding common shares based on the relative percentage of each class of shares. The Company does not have any participating securities outstanding other than the shares of common stock and the unvested restricted common stock during the periods presented. Earnings (loss) attributable to the unvested restricted common stock are deducted from earnings (loss) in the computation of per share amounts where applicable.
Reclassifications
Certain amounts in the Company’s prior period consolidated financial statements were reclassified to conform to
the current period presentation. These reclassifications did not change the results of operations of those prior periods. On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU 2016-02, as further described below. As a result, all income earned pursuant to tenant leases is reflected as one line item, “Rental Income,” in the consolidated statements of operations. To facilitate comparability, the Company has reclassified prior period’s lease and non-lease income consistently with the current year.

The table below provides a reconciliation of the prior period presentation of the income statement line items that were reclassified in our consolidated statements of operations to conform to the current period presentation, pursuant to the adoption of the new lease accounting standard and election of the single component practical expedient:

 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
Rental income (presentation prior to January 1, 2019)
$
31,177,928

Tenant reimbursements(1) (presentation prior to January 1, 2019)
3,358,374

Rental income (presentation effective January 1, 2019)
$
34,536,302

_______________
(1)
Tenants reimbursements include reimbursements for recoverable costs.
Segment Disclosure
The Company has determined that it has one reportable segment with activities related to investing in multifamily properties. The Company’s investments in real estate are in different geographic regions, and management evaluates operating performance on an individual asset level. However, as each of the Company’s assets has similar economic characteristics, tenants and products and services, its assets have been aggregated into one reportable segment.

12


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
 
Item 1. Financial Statements (continued)

STEADFAST INCOME REIT, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
March 31, 2019
(unaudited)

Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In February 2016, the FASB established ASC Topic 842 , Leases (“ASC 842”), by issuing ASU 2016-02, which requires lessees to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for operating leases on the balance sheet and disclose key information about leasing arrangements. ASC 842 also makes targeted changes to lessor accounting. ASC 842 was subsequently amended by ASU 2018-01, Land Easement Practical Expedient for Transition to Topic 842 (“ASU 2018-01”), ASU 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842 (“ASU 2018-10”), ASU 2018-11, Targeted Improvements (ASU 2018-11”) and ASU 2018-20, Leases (Topic 842), Narrow-scope Improvements for Lessors (“ASU 2018-20”). ASC 842 requires a modified retrospective transition approach and was effective in the first quarter of 2019 and allowed for early adoption. The Company elected an optional transition method that allows entities to initially apply ASC 842 at the adoption date (January 1, 2019) and recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. The Company evaluated the impact of ASC 842 on its leases both as it relates to the Company acting as a lessee and as a lessor. Based on its evaluation, as it relates to the former, the Company elected to apply each of the practical expedients described in ASC 842-10-65-1(f) that allowed the Company, among other things, to not reassess lease classification conclusions or initial direct cost accounting as of December 31, 2018, therefore these leases continue to be accounted for as operating leases. The Company also elected the practical expedient described in ASC 842-20-25-2 not to apply the recognition requirements in ASC 842 to short-term leases and instead, to recognize lease payments in the consolidated statement of operations on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company did not experience a material impact on the recognition of leases in the consolidated financial statements because the quantity of leased equipment by the Company is limited and immaterial to the consolidated financial statements. Upon adoption, the Company recognized an initial operating lease right-of-use asset, net, of $96,818 and an operating lease liability, net, of $89,937.
As it relates to the Company as lessor, the Company did not experience a material impact on the recognition of leases in the consolidated financial statements because under ASC 842, lessors continue to account for leases using an approach that is substantially equivalent to historical guidance for sales-type leases, direct financing leases, and operating leases. The Company elected a practical expedient which allows lessors to not separate non-lease components from the lease component when the timing and pattern of transfer for the lease components and non-lease components are the same and if the lease component is classified as an operating lease. As a result, on January 1, 2019, the Company began presenting all rentals and reimbursements from tenants as a single line item rental income within the consolidated statements of operations. As of January 1, 2019, the Company implemented changes to its business processes and controls related to accounting for and the presentation and disclosure of leases, including the reclassification of tenant reimbursements, previously disclosed as part of tenant reimbursements and other, to rental income, in the consolidated statements of operations.
Under ASC 842, beginning on January 1, 2019, changes in the probability of collecting tenant rental income could result in direct adjustments of rental income and tenant receivables. The Company did not experience a material impact on its rental income and tenant receivables as of the adoption date.
The Company’s rental income consists of fixed rental payments from tenants under operating leases and is recognized on a straight-line basis over the respective operating lease terms. The Company recognizes minimum rent, including rental abatements, concessions and contractual fixed increases attributable to operating leases, on a straight-line basis over the term of the non-cancelable term of the related lease. The Company’s rental income that relates to variable lease payments consists of tenant reimbursements and includes reimbursements for recoverable costs, which are recognized as revenue in the period during which the applicable expenses are incurred and the tenant’s obligation to reimburse the Company arises. 


13


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
 
Item 1. Financial Statements (continued)

STEADFAST INCOME REIT, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
March 31, 2019
(unaudited)

We recognized $30,938,841 of rental income related to operating lease payments of which $2,811,512 was for variable lease payments for the three months ended March 31, 2019. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, rental income relating to variable lease payments not included in the measurement of lease receivables was $2,816,828.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (“ASU 2016-13”). ASU 2016-13 requires more timely recording of credit losses on loans and other financial instruments that are not accounted for at fair value through net income (loss), including loans held for investment, held-to-maturity debt securities, trade and other receivables, net investment in leases and other such commitments. ASU 2016-13 requires that financial assets measured at amortized cost be presented at the net amount expected to be collected, through an allowance for credit losses that is deducted from the amortized cost basis. The amendments in ASU 2016-13 require the Company to measure all expected credit losses based upon historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the financial assets and eliminates the “incurred loss” methodology in current GAAP. In November 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-19, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (“ASU 2018-19”), which clarifies that operating lease receivables accounted for under ASC 842 Leases, are not in the scope of the new credit losses guidance. The effective date and transition requirements for this guidance are the same as for ASU 2016-13. ASU 2016-13 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures and does not expect a material impact on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures from its adoption.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement (“ASU 2018-13”). The FASB issued ASU 2018-13 to improve the effectiveness of fair value measurement disclosures by adding, eliminating, and modifying certain disclosure requirements. The issuance of ASU 2018-13 is part of a disclosure framework project. The disclosure framework project’s objective and primary focus are to improve the effectiveness of disclosures in the notes to financial statements by facilitating clear communication of the information required by GAAP that is most important to users of each entity’s financial statements. Achieving the objective of improving the effectiveness of the notes to financial statements includes: (1) the development of a framework that promotes consistent decisions by the FASB board about disclosure requirements and (2) the appropriate exercise of discretion by reporting entities. The amendments in ASU 2018-13 modify the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements in Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement, based on the concepts in FASB Concepts Statement, Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting—Chapter 8: Notes to Financial Statements, including the consideration of costs and benefit. ASU 2018-13 removed certain disclosure requirements under Topic 820 such as the disclosure requirements of the valuation process for level 3 fair value measurements and modified and added certain of the disclosure requirements in Topic 820. ASU 2018-13 requires prospective and retrospective application depending on the amendment and is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2018-13 will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures and believes that certain disclosures of interest rate cap agreements in its consolidated financial statements may be impacted by the adoption of ASU 2018-13.
The SEC’s Disclosure Update and Simplification rule (Release 33-10532) amends the interim financial statement requirements to require a reconciliation of changes in stockholder’ equity in the notes or as a separate statement. This analysis should reconcile the beginning balance to the ending balance of each caption in stockholders’ equity for each period for which an income statement is required to be filed and comply with the remaining content requirements of Rule 3-04 of Regulation S-X. As a result, registrants will have to provide the reconciliation for both the year-to-date and quarterly periods and comparable periods in Form 10-Q but only for the year-to-date periods in registration statements. The rule does not prescribe the format of

14


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
 
Item 1. Financial Statements (continued)

STEADFAST INCOME REIT, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
March 31, 2019
(unaudited)

the presentation as long as the appropriate periods are provided. Per a Compliance and Disclosure Interpretation (Q 105.09, Exchange Act Forms, 10-Q), “The amendments are effective for all filings made on or after November 5, 2018. In light of the timing of effectiveness of the amendments and proximity of effectiveness to the filing date for most filers’ quarterly reports, the staff would not object if the filer’s first presentation of the changes in the shareholders’ equity is included in its Form 10-Q for the quarter that begins after the effective date of the amendments.” This allows the Company to adopt the amendment for the Company’s first quarter 2019 filing. The Company has adopted this guidance in the three months ended March 31, 2019 by presenting a reconciliation of changes in stockholders’ equity for the current and prior period as a separate statement.
3. Real Estate
As of March 31, 2019, the Company owned 32 multifamily properties, encompassing in the aggregate 8,412 apartment homes and an additional 21,130 square feet of rentable commercial space at two properties. The total purchase price of the Company’s real estate portfolio was $933,561,219. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company’s portfolio was approximately 94.0% and 94.3% occupied and the average monthly rent was $1,089 and $1,068, respectively.
As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, accumulated depreciation and amortization related to the Company’s consolidated real estate properties and related intangibles were as follows:
 
 
March 31, 2019
 
 
Assets
 
 
Land
 
Building and Improvements
 
Total Real Estate Held for Investment
 
Real Estate Held for Sale
Investments in real estate
 
$
90,153,980

 
$
796,617,530

 
$
886,771,510

 
$
75,761,880

Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization
 

 
(173,560,492
)
 
(173,560,492
)
 
(18,042,142
)
Net investments in real estate and related lease intangibles
 
$
90,153,980

 
$
623,057,038

 
$
713,211,018

 
$
57,719,738

 
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
Assets
 
 
Land
 
Building and Improvements
 
Total Real Estate Held for Investment
 
Real Estate Held for Sale
Investments in real estate
 
$
90,153,980

 
$
795,383,423

 
$
885,537,403

 
$
165,346,251

Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization
 

 
(165,112,070
)
 
(165,112,070
)
 
(38,881,747
)
Net investments in real estate and related lease intangibles
 
$
90,153,980

 
$
630,271,353

 
$
720,425,333

 
$
126,464,504

Depreciation and amortization expenses were $8,981,978 and $10,890,796 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Depreciation of the Company’s buildings and improvements were $8,968,237 and $10,852,504 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Amortization of the Company’s other intangible assets for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, were $12,763 and $38,292, respectively. Other intangible assets had a weighted-average amortization period as of the date of acquisition of 18.17 years. The Company’s other intangible assets were included in real estate held for sale, net on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2019.

15


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
 
Item 1. Financial Statements (continued)

STEADFAST INCOME REIT, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
March 31, 2019
(unaudited)

Operating Leases
As of March 31, 2019, the Company’s real estate portfolio comprised 8,412 residential apartment homes and was 95.4% leased by a diverse group of residents. For each of the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company’s real estate portfolio earned in excess of 99% and less than 1% of its rental income from residential tenants and commercial office tenants, respectively. The residential tenant lease terms consist of lease durations equal to 12 months or less. The commercial office tenant leases consist of remaining lease durations varying from 0.59 to 6.01 years.
Some residential and commercial leases contain provisions to extend the lease agreements, options for early termination after paying a specified penalty and other terms and conditions as negotiated. The Company retains substantially all of the risks and benefits of ownership of the real estate assets leased to tenants. Generally, upon the execution of a lease, the Company requires security deposits from tenants in the form of a cash deposit and/or a letter of credit for commercial tenants. Amounts required as security deposits vary depending upon the terms of the respective leases and the creditworthiness of the tenant, but generally are not significant amounts. Therefore, exposure to credit risk exists to the extent that a receivable from a tenant exceeds the amount of its security deposit. Security deposits received in cash related to tenant leases are included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and totaled $2,602,900 and $2,868,600 as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
The future minimum rental receipts from the Company’s properties under non-cancelable operating leases attributable to commercial office tenants as of March 31, 2019, and thereafter, through the date properties that included commercial tenants were sold, is as follows:
April 1 through April 25, 2019
$
18,224

2020

2021

2022

2023

Thereafter

 
$
18,224

As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, no tenant represented over 10% of the Company’s annualized base rent and there were no significant industry concentrations with respect to its commercial leases.
Joint Venture Arrangement with Blackstone Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.
On November 10, 2017, the Company, BREIT Steadfast MF JV LP (the “Joint Venture”), BREIT Steadfast MF Parent LLC (“BREIT LP”) and BREIT Steadfast MF GP LLC (“BREIT GP”, and together with BREIT LP, “BREIT”), executed a Contribution Agreement (the “Contribution Agreement”) whereby the Company agreed to contribute a portfolio of 20 properties owned by the Company to the Joint Venture in exchange for a combination of cash and a 10% ownership interest in the Joint Venture (the “Transaction”). BREIT LP owns a 90% interest in the Joint Venture and BREIT GP serves as the general partner of the Joint Venture. Each of BREIT LP and BREIT GP is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Blackstone Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. SIR LANDS Holdings, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, holds the Company’s 10% interest in the Joint Venture.
The 20 properties contributed by the Company to the Joint Venture consist of properties located in Austin, Dallas and San Antonio, Texas, Nashville, Tennessee and Louisville, Kentucky (the “LANDS Portfolio”). On November 15, 2017 (the “First

16


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
 
Item 1. Financial Statements (continued)

STEADFAST INCOME REIT, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
March 31, 2019
(unaudited)

Closing Date”), the Company, through certain indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries, contributed 12 apartment communities (the “First Closing Properties”) to indirect, wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Joint Venture. On January 31, 2018 (the “Second Closing Date”), the Company, through certain indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries, contributed eight apartment communities (the “Second Closing Properties”) to indirect, wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Joint Venture. For additional information on the Transaction, see “Note 4 (Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Venture).”
The aggregate purchase price of the First Closing Properties was $318,576,792, exclusive of closing costs. On the First Closing Date, the Company sold a 90% interest in the First Closing Properties for $335,430,000, resulting in a gain of $76,135,530, which includes reductions to the net book value of the properties due to historical depreciation and amortization expense. The aggregate purchase price of the Second Closing Properties was $117,240,032, exclusive of closing costs. On the Second Closing Date, the Company sold a 90% interest in the Second Closing Properties for $125,370,000, resulting in a gain of $38,523,427, which includes reductions to the net book value of the properties due to historical depreciation and amortization expense. The purchaser of the First Closing Properties and Second Closing Properties was the Joint Venture.
2019 Property Dispositions
Dawntree Apartments
On August 15, 2013, the Company, through an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary, acquired Dawntree Apartments, a multifamily property located in Carrollton, Texas, containing 400 apartment homes. The purchase price of Dawntree Apartments was $24,000,000, exclusive of closing costs. On March 8, 2019, the Company sold Dawntree Apartments for $46,200,000, resulting in a gain of $24,141,403, which includes reductions to the net book value of the property due to historical depreciation and amortization expense. The purchaser of Dawntree Apartments was not affiliated with the Company or the Advisor.
In connection with the disposition of Dawntree Apartments, the Company, through an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary, entered into an agreement to defease the remaining outstanding principal balance of $14,201,657 under the note payable. As a result of this agreement, the Company made a $903,564 defeasance payment (excluding expenses), the collateral was released, and the Company was released from all primary debtor obligations associated with the note payable. The Company recognized a $811,084 loss associated with the defeasance, which is included in loss on debt extinguishment on the consolidated statement of income.
Estancia Apartments
On June 29, 2012, the Company, through an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary, acquired Estancia Apartments, a multifamily property located in Tulsa, Oklahoma, containing 294 apartment homes. The purchase price of Estancia Apartments was $27,900,000, exclusive of closing costs. On March 22, 2019, the Company sold Estancia Apartments for $30,683,000, resulting in a gain of $6,892,244, which includes reductions to the net book value of the property due to historical depreciation and amortization expense. The purchaser of Estancia Apartments was not affiliated with the Company or the Advisor.
Sonoma Grande Apartments
On May 24, 2012, the Company, through an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary, acquired Sonoma Grande Apartments, a multifamily property located in Tulsa, Oklahoma, containing 336 apartment homes. The purchase price of Sonoma Grande Apartments was $32,200,000, exclusive of closing costs. On March 22, 2019, the Company sold Sonoma Grande Apartments for $35,067,000, resulting in a gain of $9,367,937, which includes reductions to the net book value of the property due to historical depreciation and amortization expense. The purchaser of Sonoma Grande Apartments was not affiliated with the Company or the Advisor.

17


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
 
Item 1. Financial Statements (continued)

STEADFAST INCOME REIT, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
March 31, 2019
(unaudited)

The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, through the date of sale for all properties disposed of through March 31, 2019, including the properties contributed to the Joint Venture on the Second Closing Date, were included in continuing operations on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and are as follows:
 
For the Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2019
 
2018
Revenues:
 
 
 
Rental income
$
2,519,185

 
$
9,676,153

Other income
164,788

 
128,853

Total revenues
2,683,973

 
9,805,006

Expenses:
 
 
 
Operating, maintenance and management
1,005,344

 
2,836,184

Real estate taxes and insurance
436,438

 
1,531,633

Fees to affiliates
137,641

 
395,176

Depreciation and amortization
251,416

 
2,383,888

Interest expense
288,728

 
1,966,601

Loss on debt extinguishment
814,831

 
2,010,457

General and administrative expenses
7,097

 
61,243

Total expenses
$
2,941,495

 
$
11,185,182

Real Estate Held for Sale
EBT Lofts, Library Lofts East and Stuart Hall
As of March 31, 2019, EBT Lofts, Library Lofts East and Stuart Hall Lofts, multifamily properties located in Kansas City, Missouri, met all the criteria to be classified as held for sale. EBT Lofts, Library Lofts East and Stuart Hall Lofts were sold on April 26, 2019 to a single, unaffiliated buyer. See Note 13 (Subsequent Events). The real estate, other assets, mortgage notes and other liabilities related to EBT Lofts, Library Lofts East and Stuart Hall Lofts are disclosed separately for the periods presented in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
Waterford on the Meadow
As of March 31, 2019, Waterford on the Meadow, a multifamily property located in Plano, Texas, met all the criteria to be classified as held for sale. Waterford on the Meadow is currently expected to sell on May 14, 2019. The real estate, other assets, mortgage notes and other liabilities related to Waterford on the Meadow are disclosed separately for the periods presented in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
Truman Farm Villas
As of March 31, 2019, Truman Farm Villas, a multifamily property located in Grandview, Missouri, met all the criteria to be classified as held for sale. Truman Farm Villas is currently expected to sell on May 15, 2019. The real estate, other assets, mortgage notes and other liabilities related to Truman Farm Villas are disclosed separately for the periods presented in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

18


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
 
Item 1. Financial Statements (continued)

STEADFAST INCOME REIT, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
March 31, 2019
(unaudited)

The results of operations from Waterford on the Meadow, EBT Lofts, Library Lofts East, Stuart Hall Lofts and Truman Farm Villas for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, which are summarized in the following table, were included in continuing operations on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.
 
For the Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2019
 
2018
Revenues
$
2,917,051

 
$
2,854,058

Expenses
2,189,923

 
2,774,976

Total Income
$
727,128

 
$
79,082

4.
Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Venture
On November 10, 2017, the Company, the Joint Venture, BREIT LP and BREIT GP executed the Contribution Agreement whereby the Company agreed to contribute the LANDS portfolio to the Joint Venture in exchange for a combination of cash and a 10% ownership interest in the Joint Venture. BREIT LP owns a 90% interest in the Joint Venture and BREIT GP serves as the general partner of the Joint Venture. Each of BREIT LP and BREIT GP is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Blackstone Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. SIR LANDS Holdings, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Operating Partnership, holds the Company’s 10% interest in the Joint Venture.
The Company exercises significant influence, but does not control the Joint Venture. Accordingly, as of the First Closing Date and the Second Closing Date, the Company deconsolidated the First Closing Properties and Second Closing Properties and has accounted for its investment in the Joint Venture under the equity method of accounting. Income, losses, contributions and distributions are generally allocated based on the members’ respective equity interests.
As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the book value of the Company’s investment in the Joint Venture was $14,189,492 and $14,085,399, respectively, which includes $7,640,166 and $7,640,166 of outside basis difference. The outside basis difference represents the Company’s transaction costs related to entering into the Joint Venture. During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, $60,294 and $258,256, respectively, of amortization of this basis difference was included in equity in earnings (loss) from unconsolidated joint venture on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received distributions of $200,000 and $266,600, respectively, related to its investment in the Joint Venture.

19


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
 
Item 1. Financial Statements (continued)

STEADFAST INCOME REIT, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
March 31, 2019
(unaudited)

Summarized unaudited financial information for the Joint Venture as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, and for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, is summarized below:
 
 
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Assets:
 
 
 
 
Real estate assets, net
 
$
493,577,041

 
$
493,776,142

Other assets
 
22,529,292

 
24,091,229

Total assets
 
$
516,106,333

 
$
517,867,371

Liabilities and equity:
 
 
 
 
Notes payable, net
 
$
340,636,020

 
$
340,840,505

Other liabilities
 
18,387,261

 
21,501,680

Company’s capital
 
15,708,300

 
15,552,513

Other partner’s capital
 
141,374,752

 
139,972,673

Total liabilities and equity
 
$
516,106,333

 
$
517,867,371

 
 
For the Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
Revenues
 
$
16,664,582

 
$
13,669,728

Expenses
 
15,946,717

 
27,501,219

Net income (loss)
 
$
717,865

 
$
(13,831,491
)
 
 
 
 
 
Company’s proportional net income (loss)
 
$
71,787

 
$
(1,383,149
)
Amortization of outside basis
 
(60,294
)
 
(258,256
)
Equity in earnings (loss) of unconsolidated joint venture
 
$
11,493

 
$
(1,641,405
)
5. Other Assets
As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, other assets consisted of:
 
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Prepaid expenses
$
1,306,085

 
$
1,866,024

Interest rate cap agreements (Note 12)
17,799

 
117,678

Deposits
761,836

 
714,736

Operating lease right-of-use assets, net
150,002

 

Other assets
$
2,235,722

 
$
2,698,438

Amortization of the Company’s operating lease right-of-use assets for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, were $978 and $0, respectively.

20


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
 
Item 1. Financial Statements (continued)

STEADFAST INCOME REIT, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
March 31, 2019
(unaudited)

6. Debt
Mortgage Notes Payable
The following is a summary of mortgage notes payable, net secured by real property as of March 31, 2019 and     December 31, 2018:
 
 
March 31, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest Rate Range
 
Weighted Average Interest Rate
 
 
Type
 
Number of Instruments
 
Maturity Date Range
 
Minimum
 
Maximum
 
 
Principal Outstanding
Mortgage notes payable - fixed
 
18

 
5/1/2019 - 10/1/2056
 
3.19
%
 
4.78
%
 
3.92
%
 
$
325,942,816

Mortgage notes payable - variable(1)
 
10

 
7/1/2023 - 11/1/2027
 
1-Mo LIBOR + 1.77%

 
1-Mo LIBOR + 2.38%

 
4.66
%
 
282,673,387

Total mortgage notes payable, gross
 
28

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4.27
%
 
608,616,203

Premium, net(2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
84,080

Deferred financing costs, net(3)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(3,715,757
)
Total mortgage notes payable, net
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
604,984,526

 
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest Rate Range
 
Weighted Average Interest Rate
 
 
Type
 
Number of Instruments
 
Maturity Date Range
 
Minimum
 
Maximum
 
 
Principal Outstanding
Mortgage notes payable - fixed
 
20

 
5/1/2019 - 10/1/2056
 
3.19
%
 
5.48
%
 
3.95
%
 
$
361,723,899

Mortgage notes payable - variable(1)
 
10

 
7/1/2023 - 11/1/2027
 
1-Mo LIBOR + 1.77%

 
1-Mo LIBOR + 2.38%

 
4.69
%
 
283,046,390

Total mortgage notes payable, gross
 
30

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4.27
%
 
644,770,289

Premium, net(2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
302,530

Deferred financing costs, net(3)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(3,934,705
)
Total mortgage notes payable, net
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
641,138,114

_______________
(1)
See Note 12 (Derivative Financial Instruments) for a discussion of the interest rate cap agreements used to manage the exposure to interest rate movement on the Company’s variable rate loans.


21


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
 
Item 1. Financial Statements (continued)

STEADFAST INCOME REIT, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
March 31, 2019
(unaudited)

(2)
Accumulated amortization related to debt premiums as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was $290,075 and $960,519, respectively.
(3)
Accumulated amortization related to deferred financing costs as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was $2,902,173 and $2,929,134, respectively.
Credit Facility
On July 29, 2016, nine wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company entered into a Credit Agreement and a multifamily note with PNC Bank, National Association (“PNC Bank”) (as amended, the Credit Agreement, multifamily note, loan and security agreements, mortgages and guaranty are collectively referred to herein as the “Loan Documents”) that provide for a new credit facility in an amount not to exceed $350,000,000 to refinance certain of the Company’s then existing mortgage loans. The credit facility has a maturity date of August 1, 2021, subject to extension, as further described in the Credit Agreement. Advances made under the credit facility are secured by the subsidiaries’ properties (the “Collateral Pool Property”), pursuant to a mortgage deed of trust with the Company’s subsidiaries party to the credit facility in favor of PNC Bank.
The credit facility accrues interest at the one-month London Inter-bank Offered Rate plus (1) the servicing spread of 0.05% and (2) the net spread, based on the debt service coverage ratio, of between 1.73% and 1.93%, as further described in the Credit Agreement. Interest only payments on the credit facility are payable monthly in arrears and are due and payable on the first day of each month.
The entire outstanding principal balance and any accrued and unpaid interest on the credit facility are due on the maturity date. The Company’s subsidiaries may voluntarily prepay all or a portion of the amounts advanced under the Loan Documents. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event a Collateral Pool Property is released or the Credit Agreement is terminated, a termination fee is due and payable by the Company’s subsidiaries (as applicable). In certain instances of a breach of the Credit Agreement, the Company guarantees to PNC Bank the full and prompt payment and performance when due of all amounts for which the Company’s nine wholly-owned subsidiaries are personally liable under the Loan Documents, in addition to all costs and expenses incurred by PNC Bank in enforcing such guaranty. Between November 15, 2017 and May 31, 2018, seven of the Collateral Pool Properties were either disposed of or refinanced, with the advances made to each of the seven Collateral Pool Properties being repaid in full.
As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the advances remaining outstanding under the credit facility are summarized in the following table:
 
 
Amount of Advance as of
Collateralized Property(1)
 
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Carrington Place
 
$
5,229,244

 
$
27,535,500

Carrington at Champion Forest
 
4,770,756

 
25,121,250

 
 
10,000,000

 
52,656,750

Deferred financing costs, net on credit facility(2)
 
(82,665
)
 
(293,290
)
Credit facility, net
 
$
9,917,335

 
$
52,363,460


22


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
 
Item 1. Financial Statements (continued)

STEADFAST INCOME REIT, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
March 31, 2019
(unaudited)

___________
(1)
Each property is pledged as collateral for repayment of all amounts advanced under the credit facility.
(2)
Accumulated amortization related to deferred financing costs for the credit facility as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, was $504,875 and $294,250, respectively.
Maturity and Interest
The following is a summary of the Company’s aggregate maturities as of March 31, 2019:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Maturities During the Years Ending December 31,
 
 
Contractual Obligation
 
Total
 
Remainder of 2019
 
2020
 
2021
 
2022
 
2023
 
Thereafter
Principal payments on outstanding debt obligations(1)
 
$
618,616,203

 
$
25,831,540

 
$
41,569,397

 
$
16,782,251

 
$
31,716,612

 
$
216,588,417

 
$
286,127,986

________________
(1)
Scheduled principal payments on outstanding debt obligations are based on the terms of the notes payable agreements. Amounts exclude the amortization of the deferred financing costs and debt premiums associated with certain notes payable.
The Company’s notes payable contain customary financial and non-financial debt covenants. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company was in compliance with all financial and non-financial debt covenants.
For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company incurred interest expense of $7,918,789 and $7,894,252. Interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 includes amortization of deferred financing costs of $408,115 and $280,237, amortization of loan premiums of $44,358 and $125,814 and net unrealized loss (gain) from the change in fair value of interest rate cap agreements of $99,879 and $(127,260), respectively.
Interest expense of $2,267,262 and $2,520,324 was payable as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, and is included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
7.
Stockholders’ Equity
General
Under the Company’s Third Articles of Amendment and Restatement (the “Charter”), the total number of shares of capital stock authorized for issuance is 1,100,000,000 shares, consisting of 999,999,000 shares of common stock with a par value of $0.01 per share, 1,000 shares of convertible stock with a par value of $0.01 per share and 100,000,000 shares designated as preferred stock with a par value of $0.01 per share.
Common Stock
The shares of the Company’s common stock entitle the holders to one vote per share on all matters upon which stockholders are entitled to vote, to receive dividends and other distributions as authorized by the Company’s board of directors in

23


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
 
Item 1. Financial Statements (continued)

STEADFAST INCOME REIT, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
March 31, 2019
(unaudited)

accordance with the Maryland General Corporation Law and to all rights of a stockholder pursuant to the Maryland General Corporation Law. The common stock has no preferences or preemptive, conversion or exchange rights.
During 2009, the Company issued 22,223 shares of common stock to the Sponsor for $200,007. From inception to March 31, 2019, the Company had issued 76,732,395 shares of common stock in its Private Offering and Public Offering for aggregate offering proceeds of $679,572,220, net of offering costs of $95,845,468, including 4,073,759 shares of common stock pursuant to the DRP, for total offering proceeds of $39,580,847. Offering costs primarily consisted of selling commissions and dealer manager fees. The Company terminated its Public Offering on December 20, 2013, but continued to offer shares pursuant to the DRP through November 30, 2014.
The issuance and vesting activity for the three months ended March 31, 2019, and for the year ended December 31, 2018, for the restricted stock issued to the Company’s independent directors as compensation for services in connection with their re-election to the board of directors at the Company’s annual meeting is as follows:
 
 
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
 
For the Year Ended December 31, 2018
Nonvested shares at the beginning of the period
 
11,250

 
11,875

Granted shares
 

 
7,500

Vested shares
 

 
(8,125
)
Nonvested shares at the end of the period
 
11,250

 
11,250

The weighted average fair value of restricted stock issued to the Company’s independent directors for the three months ended March 31, 2019, and for the year ended December 31, 2018, is as follows:
Grant Year
 
Weighted Average Fair Value
2018
 
$
9.84

2019
 
n/a

The shares of restricted common stock vest and become non-forfeitable in four equal annual installments beginning on the date of grant and ending on the third anniversary of the date of grant and will become fully vested and become non-forfeitable on the earlier to occur of (1) the termination of the independent director’s service as a director due to death or disability, or (2) a change in control of the Company and as otherwise provided in the Incentive Award Plan, as defined below.
Included in general and administrative expenses is $15,444 and $17,295 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, for compensation expense related to the issuance of restricted common stock. The weighted average remaining term of the restricted common stock is 1.36 years as of March 31, 2019. As of March 31, 2019, the compensation expense related to the issuance of the restricted common stock not vested was $80,519.
Convertible Stock
During 2009, the Company issued 1,000 shares of Convertible Stock to the Advisor for $1,000. The Convertible Stock will convert into shares of the Company’s common stock if and when: (A) the Company has made total distributions on the then outstanding shares of common stock equal to the original issue price of those shares plus an 8.0% cumulative, non-compounded, annual return on the original issue price of those shares, (B) subject to specified conditions, the Company lists the common stock for trading on a national securities exchange or (C) the Advisory Agreement is terminated or not renewed by the

24


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
 
Item 1. Financial Statements (continued)

STEADFAST INCOME REIT, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
March 31, 2019
(unaudited)

Company (other than for “cause” as defined in the Advisory Agreement). A “listing” will also be deemed to have occurred on the effective date of any merger of the Company in which the consideration received by the holders of the Company’s common stock is the securities of another issuer that are listed on a national securities exchange. Upon conversion, each share of Convertible Stock will convert into a number of shares of common stock equal to 1/1000 of the quotient of (A) 10% of the amount, if any, by which (1) the Company’s “enterprise value” (as defined in the Charter) plus the aggregate value of distributions paid to date on the outstanding shares of common stock exceeds (2) the aggregate purchase price paid by the stockholders for those shares plus an 8.0% cumulative, non-compounded, annual return on the original issue price of those shares, divided by (B) the Company’s enterprise value divided by the number of outstanding shares of common stock, in each case calculated as of the date of the conversion. In the event of a termination or non-renewal of the Advisory Agreement by the Company for cause, the Convertible Stock will be redeemed by the Company for $1.00.
Preferred Stock
The Charter also provides the Company’s board of directors with the authority to issue one or more classes or series of preferred stock, and prior to the issuance of such shares of preferred stock, the board of directors shall have the power from time to time to classify or reclassify, in one or more series, any unissued shares and designate the preferences, rights and privileges of such shares of preferred stock. The Company’s board of directors is authorized to amend the Charter, without the approval of the stockholders, to increase the aggregate number of authorized shares of capital stock or the number of shares of any class or series that the Company has authority to issue. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, no shares of the Company’s preferred stock were issued and outstanding.
Distribution Reinvestment Plan
The Company’s board of directors had approved the DRP through which common stockholders could elect to reinvest an amount equal to the distributions declared on their shares of common stock in additional shares of the Company’s common stock in lieu of receiving cash distributions. The initial purchase price per share under the DRP was $9.50. Effective September 10, 2012, shares of the Company’s common stock were issued pursuant to the DRP at a price of $9.73 per share. Effective with distributions earned beginning on December 1, 2014, the Company’s board of directors elected to suspend the DRP. As a result, all distributions are paid in cash and not reinvested in shares of the Company’s common stock. The Company’s board of directors may, in its sole discretion, from time to time, reinstate the DRP, although there is no assurance as to if or when this will happen, and change the DRP price based upon changes in the Company’s estimated value per share and other factors that the Company’s board of directors deems relevant.
No sales commissions or dealer manager fees were payable on shares sold through the DRP.
Share Repurchase Program
The Company’s share repurchase program may provide an opportunity for stockholders to have their shares of common stock repurchased by the Company, subject to certain restrictions and limitations. No shares can be repurchased under the Company’s share repurchase program until after the first anniversary of the date of purchase of such shares; provided, however, that this holding period does not apply to repurchases requested within two years after the death or disability of a stockholder.

25


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
 
Item 1. Financial Statements (continued)

STEADFAST INCOME REIT, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
March 31, 2019
(unaudited)

The repurchase price for shares repurchased under the Company’s share repurchase program prior to April 28, 2018, was as follows:
Share Purchase Anniversary
 
Repurchase Price
on Repurchase Date(1)
Less than 1 year
 
No Repurchase Allowed
1 year
 
92.5% of Estimated Value per Share(2)
2 years
 
95.0% of Estimated Value per Share(2)
3 years
 
97.5% of Estimated Value per Share(2)
4 years
 
100.0% of Estimated Value per Share(2)
In the event of a stockholder’s death or disability(3)
 
Average Issue Price for Shares(4)
The Company’s board of directors elected to suspend the Company’s share repurchase program, effective April 28, 2018. The board of directors of the Company subsequently determined to reinstate and amend the terms of the Company’s share repurchase program, effective May 20, 2018. Pursuant to the amended and reinstated share repurchase program, the revised repurchase price is equal to 93% of the most recently publicly disclosed estimated value per share. The current share repurchase price is $8.74 per share, which represents 93% of the estimated value per share of $9.40, as determined by the Company’s board of directors. The share repurchase price is further reduced based on how long the stockholder has held the shares as follows:
Share Purchase Anniversary
 
Repurchase Price
on Repurchase Date(1)
Less than 1 year
 
No Repurchase Allowed
1 year
 
92.5% of the Share Repurchase Price(5)
2 years
 
95.0% of the Share Repurchase Price(5)
3 years
 
97.5% of the Share Repurchase Price(5)
4 years
 
100.0% of the Share Repurchase Price(5)
In the event of a stockholder’s death or disability(3)
 
Average Issue Price for Shares(4)

________________
(1)
As adjusted for any stock dividends, combinations, splits, recapitalizations or any similar transaction with respect to the shares of common stock.
(2)
The “Estimated Value per Share” equals the most recently determined estimated value per share determined by the Company’s board of directors.
(3)
The required one-year holding period to be eligible to repurchase shares under the Company’s share repurchase program does not apply in the event of death or disability of a stockholder.
(4)
The purchase price per share for shares repurchased upon the death or disability of a stockholder will be equal to the average issue price per share for all of the stockholder’s shares.
(5)
The “Share Repurchase Price” shall equal 93% of the Estimated Value per Share.

26


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
 
Item 1. Financial Statements (continued)

STEADFAST INCOME REIT, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
March 31, 2019
(unaudited)

The purchase price per share for shares repurchased pursuant to the share repurchase program is further reduced by the aggregate amount of net proceeds per share, if any, distributed to the Company’s stockholders prior to the repurchase date as a result of the sale of one or more of the Company’s assets that constitutes a return of capital distribution as a result of such sales.
Repurchases of shares of the Company’s common stock are made quarterly upon written request to the Company at least 15 days prior to the end of the applicable quarter during which the share repurchase program is in effect. Repurchase requests are honored approximately 30 days following the end of the applicable quarter (the “Repurchase Date”). Stockholders may withdraw their repurchase request at any time up to three business days prior to the end of the applicable quarter.
The Company is not obligated to repurchase shares of the Company’s common stock under the share repurchase program. In no event shall repurchases under the share repurchase program exceed 5% of the weighted average number of shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding during the prior calendar year or the $2,000,000 limit for any quarter put in place by the Company’s board of directors. There is no fee in connection with a repurchase of shares of the Company’s common stock. As of March 31, 2019, the Company has recognized repurchases payable of $2,000,000, which is included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
During the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company repurchased a total of 219,696 shares with a total repurchase value of $2,000,000 and received requests for the repurchase of 930,840 shares with a total repurchase value of $8,179,667. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company repurchased a total of 181,404 shares with a total repurchase value of $2,000,000, and received net requests for the repurchase of 616,361 shares with a total net repurchase value of $5,592,135. As of March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company’s total outstanding repurchase requests received that were subject to the Company’s limitations on repurchases (discussed below) were 5,523,474 shares and 3,535,677 shares, respectively, with a total net repurchase value of $48,319,288 and $33,484,695, respectively.
The Company cannot guarantee that the funds set aside for the share repurchase program will be sufficient to accommodate all repurchase requests made in any quarter. To the extent that the repurchase requests exceed the Company’s limitations on repurchases or the Company does not have sufficient funds available to repurchase all of the shares of the Company’s common stock for which repurchase requests have been submitted in any quarter, priority is given to repurchase requests in the case of the death or disability of a stockholder. If the Company repurchases less than all of the shares subject to a repurchase request in any quarter, with respect to any shares which have not been repurchased, the requesting stockholder could (1) withdraw the request for repurchase or (2) ask that the Company honor the request in a future quarter, if any, when such repurchases may be made pursuant to the limitations of the share repurchase program and when sufficient funds were available. Such pending requests are honored among all requests for repurchases in any given repurchase period as follows: first, pro rata as to repurchases sought upon a stockholder’s death or disability; and, next, pro rata as to other repurchase requests.
The Company’s board of directors may, in its sole discretion, amend, suspend, or terminate the share repurchase program at any time upon 30 days’ notice to the Company’s stockholders if it determines that the funds available to fund the share repurchase program are needed for other business or operational purposes or that amendment, suspension or termination of the share repurchase program is in the best interest of the Company’s stockholders. Therefore, stockholders may not have the opportunity to make a repurchase request prior to any potential termination of the Company’s share repurchase program.
Distributions Declared
Distributions declared (1) accrued daily to stockholders of record as of the close of business on each day, (2) were payable in cumulative amounts on or before the third day of each calendar month with respect to the prior month and (3) were calculated at a rate of $0.001519 per share per day during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and were calculated at a rate of $0.001964 per share per day during the three months ended March 31, 2018.

27


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
 
Item 1. Financial Statements (continued)

STEADFAST INCOME REIT, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
March 31, 2019
(unaudited)

Distributions declared for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, were $10,186,657 and $13,320,570, all of which were attributable to cash distributions.
As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, $3,505,901 and $3,515,310 of distributions declared were payable.
Distributions Paid
For the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company paid cash distributions of $10,196,066 and $13,331,421, which related to distributions declared for each day in the period from December 1, 2018 through February 28, 2019 and December 1, 2017 through February 28, 2018, respectively. All such distributions were paid in cash.
8.
Earnings Per Share
The following table presents a reconciliation of net income attributable to common stockholders and shares used in calculating basic and diluted earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018:
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
Net income attributable to the Company
 
$
35,929,600

 
$
73,280,028

Less: dividends declared on participating securities
 
1,538

 
2,099

Net income attributable to common stockholders
 
35,928,062

 
73,277,929

Weighted average common shares outstanding  basic
 
74,492,568

 
75,343,863

Weighted average common shares outstanding  diluted
 
74,503,818

 
75,355,738

Earnings per common share  basic and diluted
 
$
0.48

 
$
0.97

9.
Related Party Arrangements
The Company has entered into the Advisory Agreement with the Advisor. Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, the Company is obligated to pay the Advisor specified fees upon the provision of certain services related to the investment of funds in real estate and real estate-related investments, the management of the Company’s investments and for other services (including, but not limited to, the disposition of investments). Subject to the limitations described below, the Company is obligated to reimburse the Advisor and its affiliates for acquisition and origination expenses and certain operating expenses incurred on behalf of the Company or incurred in connection with providing services to the Company.

28


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
 
Item 1. Financial Statements (continued)

STEADFAST INCOME REIT, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
March 31, 2019
(unaudited)

Amounts attributable to the Advisor and its affiliates incurred for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, and amounts that are payable (prepaid) to the Advisor and its affiliates as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, are as follows:
 
Incurred For the Three Months Ended March 31,
 
Payable (Prepaid) as of
 
2019
 
2018
 
March 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Consolidated Statements of Operations:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Expensed
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment management fees(1)
$
2,276,198

 
$
2,423,011

 
$

 
$
1,640,485

Acquisition expenses(2)

 
197,879

 

 
211,188

Property management
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fees(1)
908,071

 
1,024,732

 
298,462

 
334,577

Reimbursement of onsite personnel(3)
2,935,019

 
3,116,910

 
616,749

 
589,551

Reimbursements - other(1)
536,360

 
323,073

 
36,295

 
39,349

Reimbursements - property operations(3)
18,685

 
23,979

 

 

Reimbursements - G&A(2)
41,145

 
21,288

 

 

Other operating expenses(2)
428,002

 
384,513

 
358,546

 
115,212

Disposition fees(4)
1,679,250

 
3,841,050

 

 
2,052,750

Disposition transaction costs(4)
12,300

 
67,464

 

 

Loan coordination fees(1)

 
161,250

 

 

Property insurance(5)
400,368

 
314,104

 
(178,315
)
 
(119,055
)
Insurance proceeds

 

 

 
(75,000
)
Consolidated Balance Sheets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Capitalized
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Construction management
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fees(6)
19,480

 
6,145

 
7,348

 
2,608

Reimbursement of labor costs(6)
23,582

 
16,350

 
550

 
198

Capital expenditures(6)

 
27,002

 

 

Capitalized costs on investment in unconsolidated joint venture(7)

 
58,386

 

 

Acquisition expenses(8)

 
9,201

 

 

 
$
9,278,460

 
$
12,016,337

 
$
1,139,635

 
$
4,791,863

________________
(1)
Included in fees to affiliates in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
(2)
Included in general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
(3)
Included in operating, maintenance and management in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

29


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
 
Item 1. Financial Statements (continued)

STEADFAST INCOME REIT, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
March 31, 2019
(unaudited)

(4)
Included in gain on sales of real estate, net in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
(5)
Property related insurance expense and the amortization of the prepaid insurance deductible account are included in general and administrative expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The amortization of the prepaid property insurance is included in operating, maintenance and management expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The prepaid insurance is included in other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets upon payment.
(6)
Included in building and improvements in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
(7)
Included in investment in unconsolidated joint venture in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
(8)
Included in total real estate, cost in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
Investment Management Fee
The Company pays the Advisor a monthly investment management fee equal to one-twelfth of 0.80% of (1) the cost of real properties and real estate-related assets acquired directly by the Company or (2) the Company’s allocable cost of each real property or real estate-related asset acquired through a joint venture. The investment management fee is calculated including acquisition fees, acquisition expenses, cost of development, construction or improvement and any debt attributable to such investments, or the Company’s proportionate share thereof in the case of investments made through joint ventures. The cost of real properties and real estate-related assets that have been sold by the Company during the applicable month is excluded from the fee.
Acquisition Fees and Expenses
The Company pays the Advisor an acquisition fee equal to 2.0% of (1) the cost of investment, as defined in the Advisory Agreement, in connection with the investigation, selection and acquisition (by purchase, investment or exchange) of any type of real property or real estate-related asset; provided, however, that the total acquisition fee payable by the Company to the Advisor or its affiliates shall equal 0.5% of the cost of investment in the event that proceeds from a prior sale of an investment are used to fund the acquisition of an investment, or (2) the Company’s allocable cost of a real property or real estate-related asset acquired in a joint venture, in each case including purchase price, acquisition expenses and any debt attributable to such investments.
In addition to acquisition fees, the Company reimburses the Advisor for amounts directly incurred by the Advisor or its affiliates, including personnel-related costs for acquisition due diligence, legal and non-recurring management services, and amounts the Advisor pays to third parties in connection with the selection, acquisition or development of a property or acquisition of real estate-related assets, whether or not the Company ultimately acquires the property or the real estate-related assets.
The Charter limits the Company’s ability to pay acquisition fees if the total of all acquisition fees and expenses relating to the purchase would exceed 6.0% of the contract purchase price. Under the Charter, a majority of the Company’s board of directors, including a majority of the independent directors, is required to approve any acquisition fees (or portion thereof) that would cause the total of all acquisition fees and expenses relating to an acquisition to exceed 6.0% of the contract purchase price. In connection with the purchase of securities, the acquisition fee may be paid to an affiliate of the Advisor that is registered as a Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) member broker-dealer if applicable FINRA rules would prohibit the payment of the acquisition fee to a firm that is not a registered broker-dealer.

30


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
 
Item 1. Financial Statements (continued)

STEADFAST INCOME REIT, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
March 31, 2019
(unaudited)

Property Management Fees and Expenses
The Company has entered into Property Management Agreements (as amended from time to time, each a “Property Management Agreement”) with Steadfast Management Company, Inc., an affiliate of the Sponsor (the “Property Manager”), in connection with the acquisition of each of the Company’s properties (other than EBT Lofts, Library Lofts and Stuart Hall Lofts, which are managed by an unaffiliated third-party management company). As of March 31, 2019, the property management fee payable with respect to each property under each Property Management Agreement, ranged from 2.50% to 3.50% of the annual gross revenue collected, which is usual and customary for comparable property management services rendered to similar properties in similar geographic markets, as determined by the Advisor and approved by a majority of the members of the Company’s board of directors, including a majority of the independent directors. The Property Manager also receives an oversight fee of 1% of gross revenues at certain of the properties at which it does not serve as a property manager. Generally, each Property Management Agreement has an initial one year term and will continue thereafter on a month-to-month basis unless either party gives 60 days’ prior notice of its desire to terminate the Property Management Agreement, provided that the Company may terminate the Property Management Agreement at any time upon a determination of gross negligence, willful misconduct or bad acts of the Property Manager or its employees or upon an uncured breach of the Property Management Agreement upon 30 days’ prior written notice to the Property Manager.
In addition to the property management fee, the Property Management Agreements also specify certain other reimbursements payable to the Property Manager or its affiliates, including reimbursements for benefit administration, information technology infrastructure, licenses, support and training services and capital expenditures. The Company also reimburses the Property Manager for the salaries and related benefits of on-site property management employees.
Construction Management
The Company has entered into Construction Management Agreements with Pacific Coast Land and Construction, Inc., an affiliate of the Sponsor (the “Construction Manager”), in connection with the planned capital improvements and renovation for certain of the Company’s properties. As of March 31, 2019, the construction management fee payable with respect to each property pursuant to the Construction Management Agreements (each a “Construction Management Agreement”) ranged from 6.0% to 12.0% of the costs of the improvements for which the Construction Manager has planning and oversight authority. Generally, each Construction Management Agreement can be terminated by either party with 30 days’ prior written notice to the other party. Construction management fees are capitalized to the respective real estate properties in the period in which they are incurred, as such costs relate to capital improvements and renovations for units taken out of service while they undergo the planned renovation.
The Company may also reimburse the Construction Manager for the salaries and related benefits of certain of its employees for time spent working on capital improvements and renovations at its properties.
Property Insurance
The Company deposits amounts with an affiliate of the Sponsor to fund a prepaid insurance deductible account to cover the cost of required insurance deductibles across all properties of the Company and other affiliated entities. Upon filing a major claim, proceeds from the insurance deductible account may be used by the Company or another affiliate of the Sponsor. In addition, the Company deposits amounts with an affiliate of the Sponsor to cover the cost of property insurance across certain properties of the Company.

31


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
 
Item 1. Financial Statements (continued)

STEADFAST INCOME REIT, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
March 31, 2019
(unaudited)

Other Operating Expense Reimbursement
In addition to the various fees paid to the Advisor, the Company is obligated to pay directly or reimburse all expenses incurred by the Advisor in providing services to the Company, including the Company’s allocable share of the Advisor’s overhead, such as rent, employee costs, utilities and information technology costs. The Company will not reimburse the Advisor for employee costs in connection with services for which the Advisor or its affiliates receive acquisition fees or disposition fees or for the salaries the Advisor pays to the Company’s executive officers.
The Charter limits the Company’s total operating expenses during any four fiscal quarters to the greater of 2% of the Company’s average invested assets or 25% of the Company’s net income for the same period (the “2%/25% Limitation”). The Company may reimburse the Advisor, at the end of each fiscal quarter, for operating expenses incurred by the Advisor; provided, however, that the Company shall not reimburse the Advisor at the end of any fiscal quarter for operating expenses that exceed the 2%/25% Limitation unless the independent directors have determined that such excess expenses were justified based on unusual and non-recurring factors. The Advisor must reimburse the Company for the amount by which the Company’s operating expenses for the preceding four fiscal quarters then ended exceed the 2%/25% Limitation unless the independent directors have determined that such excess expenses were justified. For purposes of determining the 2%/25% Limitation, “average invested assets” means the average monthly book value of the Company’s assets invested directly or indirectly in equity interests and loans secured by real estate during the 12-month period before deducting depreciation, bad debts or other non-cash reserves. “Total operating expenses” means all expenses paid or incurred by the Company that are in any way related to the Company’s operation, including the Company’s allocable share of Advisor overhead, but excluding (a) the expenses of raising capital such as organization and offering expenses, legal, audit, accounting, underwriting, brokerage, listing, registration and other fees, printing and other such expenses and taxes incurred in connection with the issuance, distribution, transfer, listing and registration of shares of the Company’s common stock; (b) interest payments; (c) taxes; (d) non-cash expenditures such as depreciation, amortization and bad debt reserves; (e) reasonable incentive fees based on the gain in the sale of the Company’s assets; (f) acquisition fees and acquisition expenses (including expenses relating to potential acquisitions that the Company does not close) and investment management fees; (g) real estate commissions on the resale of investments; and (h) other expenses connected with the acquisition, disposition, management and ownership of investments (including the costs of foreclosure, insurance premiums, legal services, maintenance, repair and improvement of real property).
At March 31, 2019, the Company’s total operating expenses, as defined above, did not exceed the 2%/25% Limitation.
Disposition Fee
The Company pays the Advisor a disposition fee in connection with a sale of a property or real estate-related asset and in the event of the sale of the entire Company (a “Final Liquidity Event”), in either case when the Advisor or its affiliates provides a substantial amount of services as determined by a majority of the Company’s independent directors. With respect to a sale of a property or real estate-related asset, the Company pays the Advisor a disposition fee equal to 1.5% of the contract sales price of the investment sold. With respect to a Final Liquidity Event, the Company will pay the Advisor a disposition fee equal to (i) 0.5% of the total consideration paid in a Final Liquidity Event if the price per share paid to stockholders is less than or equal to $9.00; (ii) 0.75% of the total consideration paid in a Final Liquidity Event if the price per share paid to stockholders is between $9.01 and $10.24; (iii) 1.00% of the total consideration paid in a Final Liquidity Event if the price per share paid to stockholders is between $10.25 and $11.24; (iv) 1.25% of the total consideration paid in a Final Liquidity Event if the price per share paid to stockholders is between $11.25 and $12.00; and (v) 1.50% of the total consideration paid in a Final Liquidity Event if the price per share paid to stockholders is greater than or equal to $12.01; provided, however, that the price per share paid to stockholders as listed in each of clauses (i) through (v) above shall be adjusted for any special distributions, stock splits, combinations, recapitalizations or any similar transaction with respect to our shares. To the extent the disposition fee is paid

32


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
 
Item 1. Financial Statements (continued)

STEADFAST INCOME REIT, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
March 31, 2019
(unaudited)

upon the sale of any assets other than real property, it will be included as an operating expense for purposes of the 2%/25% Limitation. In connection with the sale of securities, the disposition fee may be paid to an affiliate of the Advisor that is registered as a FINRA member broker-dealer if applicable FINRA rules would prohibit the payment of the disposition fee to a firm that is not a registered broker-dealer. The Charter limits the maximum amount of the disposition fees payable to the Advisor for the sale of any real property to the lesser of one-half of the brokerage commission paid or 3% of the contract sales price, but in no event shall the total real estate commissions paid, including any disposition fees payable to the Advisor, exceed 6% of the contract sales price. With respect to a property held in a joint venture, the foregoing commission will be reduced to a percentage of such amounts reflecting the Company’s economic interest in the joint venture.
Loan Coordination Fee
The Company pays the Advisor a loan coordination fee equal to 0.50% of the amount of debt financed or refinanced (in each case, other than at the time of the acquisition of a property or a real estate-related asset), or the Company’s proportionate share of the initial amount of new debt financed or refinanced or the amount of any debt refinanced in the case of investments made through a joint venture.
10.
Incentive Award Plan and Independent Director Compensation
The Company has adopted an incentive plan (the “Incentive Award Plan”) that provides for the grant of equity awards to its employees, directors and consultants and those of the Company’s affiliates. The Incentive Award Plan authorizes the grant of non-qualified and incentive stock options, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, stock appreciation rights, dividend equivalents and other stock-based awards or cash-based awards. No awards have been granted under the Incentive Award Plan as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, except those awards granted to the independent directors as described below.
Under the Company’s independent directors’ compensation plan, which is a sub-plan of the Incentive Award Plan, each of the Company’s then independent directors was entitled to receive 5,000 shares of restricted common stock in connection with the initial meeting of the Company’s full board of directors. The Company’s initial board of directors and each of the independent directors, agreed to delay the initial grant of restricted stock until the Company raised $2,000,000 in gross offering proceeds in the Private Offering. Each subsequent independent director that joins the Company’s board of directors receives 5,000 shares of restricted common stock upon election to the Company’s board of directors. In addition, on the date following an independent director’s re-election to the Company’s board of directors, he or she receives 2,500 shares of restricted common stock. One-fourth of the shares of restricted common stock generally vest and become non-forfeitable upon issuance and the remaining portion will vest in three equal annual installments beginning on the first anniversary of the date of grant and ending on the third anniversary of the date of grant; provided, however, that the restricted stock will become fully vested and become non-forfeitable on the earlier to occur of (1) the termination of the independent director’s service as a director due to his or her death or disability, or (2) a change in control of the Company and as otherwise provided in the Incentive Award Plan. These restricted stock awards entitle the holders to participate in distributions even if the shares are not fully vested.
The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense of $15,444 and $17,295 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

33


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
 
Item 1. Financial Statements (continued)

STEADFAST INCOME REIT, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
March 31, 2019
(unaudited)

11.
Commitments and Contingencies
Economic Dependency
The Company is dependent on the Advisor and its affiliates for certain services that are essential to the Company, including the identification, evaluation, negotiation, purchase, and disposition of real estate and real estate-related investments; management of the daily operations of the Company’s real estate and real estate-related investment portfolio; and other general and administrative responsibilities. In the event that these companies are unable to provide the respective services, the Company will be required to obtain such services from other sources.
Concentration of Credit Risk
The geographic concentration of the Company’s portfolio makes it particularly susceptible to adverse economic developments in the Houston, Texas, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, Columbus, Ohio, Atlanta, Georgia and Lexington, Kentucky apartment markets. Any adverse economic or real estate developments in these markets, such as business layoffs or downsizing, relocations of businesses, increased competition from other apartment communities, decrease in demand for apartments or any other changes, could adversely affect the Company’s operating results and its ability to make distributions to stockholders.
Environmental
As an owner of real estate, the Company is subject to various environmental laws of federal, state and local governments. The Company is not aware of any environmental liability that could have a material adverse effect on its financial condition or results of operations. However, changes in applicable environmental laws and regulations, the uses and conditions of properties in the vicinity of the Company’s properties, the activities of its tenants and other environmental conditions of which the Company is unaware with respect to the properties could result in future environmental liabilities.
Legal Matters
From time to time, the Company is subject, or party, to legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of its business. Management is not aware of any legal proceedings of which the outcome is reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations or financial condition nor is the Company aware of any such legal proceedings contemplated by government agencies.
12.
Derivative Financial Instruments
The Company uses interest rate derivatives with the objective of managing exposure to interest rate movements thereby minimizing the effect of interest rate changes and the effect they could have on future cash flows. Interest rate cap agreements are used to accomplish this objective. The following table provides the terms of the Company’s interest rate derivative instruments that were in effect at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018:
March 31, 2019
Type
 
Maturity Date Range
 
Based on
 
Number of Instruments
 
Notional Amount
 
Variable Rate
 
Weighted Average Rate Cap
 
Fair Value
Interest rate cap
 
6/1/2019 - 7/1/2021
 
One-Month LIBOR
 
10

 
$
283,654,000

 
2.49
%
 
2.91
%
 
$
17,799


34


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
 
Item 1. Financial Statements (continued)

STEADFAST INCOME REIT, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
March 31, 2019
(unaudited)

December 31, 2018
Type
 
Maturity Date Range
 
Based on
 
Number of Instruments
 
Notional Amount
 
Variable Rate
 
Weighted Average Rate Cap
 
Fair Value
Interest rate cap
 
6/1/2019 - 7/1/2021
 
One-Month LIBOR
 
10

 
$
283,654,000

 
2.52
%
 
2.81
%
 
$
117,678

The interest rate cap agreements are not designated as cash flow hedges. Accordingly, the Company records any changes in the fair value of the interest rate cap agreements as interest expense. The change in the fair value of the interest rate cap agreements for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 resulted in an unrealized (loss) gain of $(99,879) and $127,260, respectively, which is included in interest expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The fair value of interest rate cap agreements of $17,799 and $117,678 are included in other assets on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. No interest rate cap agreements were acquired during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.
13. Subsequent Events
Distributions Paid
On April 1, 2019, the Company paid distributions of $3,505,901, which related to distributions declared for each day in the period from March 1, 2019 through March 31, 2019. All such distributions were paid in cash.
On May 1, 2019, the Company paid distributions of $3,391,668, which related to distributions declared for each day in the period from April 1, 2019 through April 30, 2019. All such distributions were paid in cash.
Repayment and Termination of loan
On April 1, 2019, the Company repaid in full the existing mortgage loan secured by Montclair Parc Apartment Homes with an aggregate principal amount of $21,580,360.
Sale of EBT Lofts, Library Lofts East and Stuart Hall Lofts
On April 26, 2019, the Company, through SIR EBT Lofts, LLC (“SIR EBT Lofts”), SIR Library Lofts, LLC (“SIR Library Lofts”) and SIR Stuart Hall, LLC (“SIR Stuart Hall”), indirect, wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company, sold their fee simple interests in EBT Lofts, Library Lofts East and Stuart Hall Lofts, respectively, each located in Kansas City, Missouri (collectively, the “Kansas City Properties”), to an unaffiliated third-party buyer. SIR EBT Lofts, SIR Library Lofts and SIR Stuart Hall sold the Kansas City Properties for an aggregate sales price of $14,137,671, $15,855,055 and $20,692,274, respectively, and $50,685,000 in the aggregate, excluding closing costs.
Shares Repurchased
On April 30, 2019, the Company repurchased 223,595 shares of its common stock for a total repurchase value of $2,000,000, or $8.94 per share, pursuant to the Company’s share repurchase program.
Distributions Declared
On May 8, 2019, the Company’s board of directors approved and authorized a daily distribution to stockholders of record as of the close of business on each day of the period commencing on July 1, 2019 and ending on September 30, 2019. The distributions will be equal to $0.001519 per share of the Company’s common stock, which if paid over a 365-day period represents a 6.0% annual return based on $9.24 per share of common stock. The distributions for each record date in July 2019,

35


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
 
Item 1. Financial Statements (continued)

STEADFAST INCOME REIT, INC.
CONDENSED NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
March 31, 2019
(unaudited)

August 2019 and September 2019 will be paid in August 2019, September 2019 and October 2019, respectively. The distributions will be payable to stockholders from legally available funds therefor.

36


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the accompanying financial statements of Steadfast Income REIT, Inc. and the notes thereto. As used herein, the terms “we,” “our” and “us” refer to Steadfast Income REIT, Inc., a Maryland corporation, and, as required by context, Steadfast Income REIT Operating Partnership, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, which we refer to as our “operating partnership,” and to their subsidiaries.
Forward-Looking Statements
Certain statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that are not historical facts (including any statements concerning investment objectives, other plans and objectives of management for future operations or economic performance, or assumptions or forecasts related thereto) are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. These statements are only predictions. We caution that forward-looking statements are not guarantees. Actual events or our investments and results of operations could differ materially from those expressed or implied in any forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are typically identified by the use of terms such as “may,” “should,” “expect,” “could,” “intend,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “believe,” “continue,” “predict,” “potential” or the negative of such terms and other comparable terminology.
The forward-looking statements included herein are based upon our current expectations, plans, estimates, assumptions and beliefs, which involve numerous risks and uncertainties. Assumptions relating to the foregoing involve judgments with respect to, among other things, future economic, competitive and market conditions and future business decisions, all of which are difficult or impossible to predict accurately and many of which are beyond our control. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, our actual results and performance could differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements. Factors which could have a material adverse effect on our operations and future prospects include, but are not limited to:
changes in economic conditions generally and the real estate and debt markets specifically;
risks inherent in the real estate business, including tenant defaults, tenant vacancies, potential liability relating to environmental matters and liquidity of real estate investments;
our ability to secure resident leases at favorable rental rates;
our ability to execute on our value-enhancement strategy;
risks related to owning investments with joint venture partners;
our ability to identify and acquire multifamily properties;
changes to our share repurchase program, distribution rate and other decisions;
the fact we pay fees and expenses to our advisor and its affiliates that were not negotiated on an arm’s length basis and the payment of these fees and expenses increases the risk that our stockholders will not earn a profit on their investment in us;
our ability to retain our executive officers and other key personnel of our advisor, our property manager and our affiliates;
legislative or regulatory changes (including changes to the laws governing the taxation of real estate investment trusts, or REITs);
our ability to generate sufficient cash flows to pay distributions to our stockholders;
the availability of capital;
changes in interest rates; and
changes to generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP.

37


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)


Any of the assumptions underlying the forward-looking statements included herein could be inaccurate, and undue reliance should not be placed on any forward-looking statements included herein. All forward-looking statements are made as of the date this quarterly report is filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, and the risk that actual results will differ materially from the expectations expressed herein will increase with the passage of time. Except as otherwise required by the federal securities laws, we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements made herein, whether as a result of new information, future events, changed circumstances or any other reason. In light of the significant uncertainties inherent in the forward-looking statements included in this quarterly report, the inclusion of such forward-looking statements should not be regarded as a representation by us or any other person that the objectives and plans set forth in this quarterly report will be achieved.
All forward-looking statements included herein should be read in light of the factors identified in the “Risk Factors” section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed with the SEC on March 15, 2019.
Overview
We were formed on May 4, 2009, as a Maryland corporation that elected to be taxed as, and currently qualifies as, a real estate investment trust, or REIT. We own and manage a diverse portfolio of real estate investments, primarily in the multifamily sector, located throughout the United States. As of March 31, 2019, we owned (1) 32 multifamily properties located within the greater midwest and southern geographic regions of the United States that comprised of a total of 8,412 apartment homes and an additional 21,130 square feet of rentable commercial space at two properties and (2) a 10% interest in one unconsolidated joint venture that owned 20 multifamily properties with a total of 4,584 apartment homes. The total purchase price of our real estate portfolio was $933,561,219. At March 31, 2019, our portfolio was approximately 95.4% leased.
On July 19, 2010, we commenced our initial public offering of up to a maximum of 150,000,000 shares of common stock and up to 15,789,474 shares of common stock pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan. Upon termination of our public offering on December 1, 2014, we had sold 76,095,116 shares of common stock for gross offering proceeds of $769,573,363, including 4,073,759 shares of common stock issued pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan for gross offering proceeds of $39,580,847. Following the termination of our initial public offering, we continued to offer shares of our common stock pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan until our board of directors determined to suspend our distribution reinvestment plan effective with distributions earned beginning on December 1, 2014. Our board of directors may, in its sole discretion, reinstate the distribution reinvestment plan and change the price at which we offer shares of common stock to our stockholders pursuant to the distribution reinvestment plan based upon changes in the estimated value per share and other factors our board of directors deems relevant. On March 13, 2019, our board of directors determined an estimated value per share of our common stock of $9.40 as of December 31, 2018.
Steadfast Income Advisor, LLC is our advisor. Subject to certain restrictions and limitations, our advisor manages our day-to-day operations and our portfolio of properties and real estate-related assets. Our advisor sources and presents investment opportunities to our board of directors. Our advisor also provides investment management, marketing, investor relations and other administrative services on our behalf.
Substantially all of our business is conducted through Steadfast Income REIT Operating Partnership, L.P., our operating partnership. We are the sole general partner of our operating partnership. The initial limited partner of our operating partnership is our advisor. The limited partnership agreement of our operating partnership provides that our operating partnership will be operated in a manner that will enable us to (1) satisfy the requirements for being classified as a REIT for tax purposes, (2) avoid any federal income or excise tax liability and (3) ensure that our operating partnership will not be classified as a “publicly traded partnership” for purposes of Section 7704 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Internal Revenue Code, which classification could result in our operating partnership being taxed as a corporation, rather than as a partnership. In addition to the administrative and operating costs and expenses incurred by our operating partnership in acquiring and operating real properties, our operating partnership will pay all of our administrative costs and expenses, and such expenses will be treated as expenses of our operating partnership.

38


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)


We elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code commencing with the taxable year ended December 31, 2010. As a REIT, we generally will not be subject to federal income tax on income that we distribute to our stockholders. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we would be subject to federal income tax on our taxable income at regular corporate rates and would not be permitted to qualify for treatment as a REIT for federal income tax purposes for four years following the year in which qualification is denied. Failing to qualify as a REIT could materially and adversely affect our net income.
Market Outlook
The economy in the United States has improved since the last recession; however, there is no assurance that economic conditions will continue to improve or will not worsen in the future. We believe economic and demographic trends will benefit our existing portfolio and that we have unique future investment opportunities in the multifamily sector. Home ownership rates are near all-time lows. Demographic and economic factors favor the flexibility of rental housing and discourage the potential financial burden associated with home ownership. Additionally, Millennials and Baby Boomers, the two largest demographic groups comprising roughly half of the total population in the United States, are increasingly choosing rental housing over home ownership. Demographic studies suggest that Baby Boomers are downsizing their suburban homes and relocating to multifamily apartments. Millennials are renting multifamily apartments due to high levels of student debt and increased credit standards in order to qualify for a home mortgage. According to the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, aggregate student debt has surpassed automotive, home equity lines of credit and credit card debt. Millennials are also getting married and having children later and are choosing to live in apartment communities until their mid-30s. Today, 30% of Millennials are still living with their parents or are still in school. When they get a job, Millennials will likely rent moderate income apartments based upon an average income of $45,000 to $65,000. Our plan is to provide rental housing for these generational groups as they age. We believe these factors will continue to contribute to the demand for multifamily housing.

39


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)


Our Real Estate Portfolio
As of March 31, 2019, we owned the 32 multifamily properties listed below:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Purchase
Price
 
Mortgage Debt Outstanding at March 31, 2019
 
Average Occupancy(1) as of
 
Average Monthly
Rent(2) as of
 
Property Name
 
Location
 
Purchase Date
 
Number
of Units
 
 
 
Mar 31, 2019
 
Dec 31, 2018
 
Mar 31, 2019
 
Dec 31, 2018
1

Clarion Park Apartments
 
Olathe, KS
 
6/28/2011
 
220

 
$
11,215,000

 
$
11,932,540

 
96.2
%
 
96.4
%
 
$
848

 
$
841

2

Truman Farm Villas
 
Grandview, MO
 
12/22/2011
 
200

 
9,100,000

 

 
96.5
%
 
98.5
%
 
798

 
781

3

EBT Lofts
 
Kansas City, MO
 
12/30/2011
 
102

 
8,575,000

 

 
87.6
%
 
91.2
%
 
1,118

 
1,131

4

Spring Creek Apartments
 
Edmond, OK
 
3/9/2012
 
252

 
19,350,000

 
17,123,906

 
94.0
%
 
94.0
%
 
840

 
848

5

Montclair Parc Apartment Homes
 
Oklahoma City, OK
 
4/26/2012
 
360

 
35,750,000

 
21,578,847

 
93.5
%
 
94.4
%
 
857

 
857

6

Hilliard Park Apartments
 
Columbus, OH
 
9/11/2012
 
201

 
19,800,000

 
12,317,185

 
97.3
%
 
94.5
%
 
1,130

 
1,120

7

Sycamore Terrace Apartments
 
Terre Haute, IN
 
9/20/2012 & 3/5/2014
 
250

 
23,174,157

 
17,853,401

 
93.4
%
 
94.0
%
 
1,131

 
1,138

8

Hilliard Summit Apartments
 
Columbus, OH
 
9/28/2012
 
208

 
24,100,000

 
14,939,047

 
93.3
%
 
95.7
%
 
1,235

 
1,217

9

Forty 57 Apartments
 
Lexington, KY
 
12/20/2012
 
436

 
52,500,000

 
35,367,074

 
94.5
%
 
93.1
%
 
924

 
912

10

Riverford Crossing Apartments
 
Frankfort, KY
 
12/28/2012
 
300

 
30,000,000

 
20,119,110

 
97.1
%
 
97.3
%
 
925

 
933

11

Montecito Apartments
 
Austin, TX
 
12/31/2012
 
268

 
19,000,000

 
12,747,136

 
95.0
%
 
95.1
%
 
1,019

 
1,008

12

Hilliard Grand Apartments
 
Dublin, OH
 
12/31/2012
 
314

 
40,500,000

 
28,298,474

 
94.5
%
 
96.5
%
 
1,264

 
1,290

13

Library Lofts East
 
Kansas City, MO
 
2/28/2013
 
118

 
12,750,000

 
8,118,889

 
88.5
%
 
94.1
%
 
1,073

 
1,082

14

Deep Deuce at Bricktown
 
Oklahoma City, OK
 
3/28/2013
 
294

 
38,271,000

 
32,075,309

 
93.8
%
 
93.9
%
 
1,256

 
1,235

15

Retreat at Quail North
 
Oklahoma City, OK
 
6/12/2013
 
240

 
25,250,000

 
16,213,814

 
91.1
%
 
92.9
%
 
964

 
954

16

Waterford on the Meadow
 
Plano, TX
 
7/3/2013
 
350

 
23,100,000

 
15,084,801

 
96.3
%
 
94.9
%
 
1,058

 
1,037

17

Tapestry Park Apartments
 
Birmingham, AL
 
8/13/2013 & 12/1/2014
 
354

 
50,285,000

 
43,726,730

 
93.8
%
 
92.9
%
 
1,345

 
1,311

18

Stuart Hall Lofts
 
Kansas City, MO
 
8/27/2013
 
115

 
16,850,000

 
16,055,068

 
95.3
%
 
93.9
%
 
1,358

 
1,366

19

BriceGrove Park Apartments
 
Canal Winchester, OH
 
8/29/2013
 
240

 
20,100,000

 
17,140,944

 
95.2
%
 
95.8
%
 
890

 
879

20

Retreat at Hamburg Place
 
Lexington, KY
 
9/5/2013
 
150

 
16,300,000

 
12,077,107

 
94.3
%
 
96.0
%
 
981

 
897

21

Villas at Huffmeister
 
Houston, TX
 
10/10/2013
 
294

 
37,600,000

 
26,963,715

 
94.6
%
 
93.9
%
 
1,212

 
1,209

22

Villas at Kingwood
 
Kingwood, TX
 
10/10/2013
 
330

 
40,150,000

 
35,032,605

 
94.3
%
 
94.8
%
 
1,250

 
1,282

23

Waterford Place at Riata Ranch
 
Cypress, TX
 
10/10/2013
 
228

 
23,400,000

 

 
91.2
%
 
93.9
%
 
1,104

 
1,104


40


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Purchase
Price
 
Mortgage Debt Outstanding at March 31, 2019
 
Average Occupancy(1) as of
 
Average Monthly
Rent
(2) as of
 
Property Name
 
Location
 
Purchase Date
 
Number
of Units
 
 
 
Mar 31, 2019
 
Dec 31, 2018
 
Mar 31, 2019
 
Dec 31, 2018
24

Carrington Place
 
Houston, TX
 
11/7/2013
 
324

 
$
32,900,000

 
$
5,186,760

 
92.4
%
 
91.7
%
 
$
1,088

 
$
1,076

25

Carrington at Champion Forest
 
Houston, TX
 
11/7/2013
 
284

 
33,000,000

 
4,730,575

 
92.7
%
 
94.0
%
 
1,123

 
1,106

26

Carrington Park at Huffmeister
 
Cypress, TX
 
11/7/2013
 
232

 
25,150,000

 
19,451,431

 
93.1
%
 
94.4
%
 
1,185

 
1,198

27

Heritage Grand at Sienna Plantation
 
Missouri City, TX
 
12/20/2013
 
240

 
27,000,000

 
16,766,724

 
91.6
%
 
95.8
%
 
1,152

 
1,147

28

Mallard Crossing Apartments
 
Loveland, OH
 
12/27/2013
 
350

 
39,800,000

 
33,248,204

 
95.9
%
 
93.7
%
 
1,102

 
1,095

29

Reserve at Creekside
 
Chattanooga, TN
 
3/28/2014
 
192

 
18,875,000

 
14,247,674

 
95.5
%
 
96.4
%
 
1,041

 
1,040

30

Oak Crossing
 
Fort Wayne, IN
 
6/3/2014
 
222

 
24,230,000

 
20,215,051

 
96.9
%
 
95.9
%
 
980

 
1,002

31

Double Creek Flats
 
Plainfield, IN
 
5/7/2018
 
240

 
31,852,079

 
21,883,135

 
92.8
%
 
93.8
%
 
1,007

 
1,063

32

Jefferson at Perimeter Apartments
 
Dunwoody, GA
 
6/11/2018
 
504

 
103,633,983

 
64,406,605

 
91.5
%
 
89.3
%
 
1,368

 
1,331

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
8,412

 
$
933,561,219

 
$
614,901,861

 
94.0
%
 
94.3
%
 
$
1,089

 
$
1,068

________________
(1)
At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, our portfolio was approximately 95.4% and 95.5% leased, respectively.
(2)
Average monthly rent is based upon the effective rental income after considering the effect of vacancies, concessions and write-offs.
Joint Venture Arrangement with Blackstone Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.
On November 10, 2017, we, BREIT Steadfast MF JV LP, or the joint venture, BREIT Steadfast MF Parent LLC, or BREIT LP, and BREIT Steadfast MF GP LLC, or BREIT GP, executed a Contribution Agreement whereby we agreed to contribute a portfolio of 20 properties owned by us to the joint venture in exchange for a combination of cash and a 10% ownership interest in the joint venture. BREIT LP owns a 90% interest in the joint venture and BREIT GP serves as the general partner of the joint venture. Each of BREIT LP and BREIT GP is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Blackstone Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. SIR LANDS Holdings, LLC, or SIR LP, a wholly-owned subsidiary, holds our 10% interest in the joint venture.
The transaction closed in two stages. The first closing occurred November 15, 2017, and included those properties for which the existing debt was prepaid at closing. The second closing occurred January 31, 2018, and included those properties for which the joint venture assumed the existing loans.
2019 Property Dispositions
Dawntree Apartments
On August 15, 2013, we, through an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary, acquired Dawntree Apartments, a multifamily property located in Carrollton, Texas, containing 400 apartment homes. The purchase price of Dawntree Apartments was $24,000,000, exclusive of closing costs. On March 8, 2019, we sold Dawntree Apartments for $46,200,000, resulting in a gain of $24,141,403, which includes reductions to the net book value of the property due to historical depreciation and amortization expense. The purchaser of Dawntree Apartments was not affiliated with us or our advisor.

41


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)


Estancia Apartments
On June 29, 2012, we, through an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary, acquired Estancia Apartments, a multifamily property located in Tulsa, Oklahoma, containing 294 apartment homes. The purchase price of Estancia Apartments was $27,900,000, exclusive of closing costs. On March 22, 2019, we sold Estancia Apartments for $30,683,000, resulting in a gain of $6,892,244, which includes reductions to the net book value of the property due to historical depreciation and amortization expense. The purchaser of Estancia Apartments was not affiliated with us or our advisor.
Sonoma Grande Apartments
On May 24, 2012, we, through an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary, acquired Sonoma Grande Apartments, a multifamily property located in Tulsa, Oklahoma, containing 336 apartment homes. The purchase price of Sonoma Grande Apartments was $32,200,000, exclusive of closing costs. On March 22, 2019, we sold Sonoma Grande Apartments for $35,067,000, resulting in a gain of $9,367,937, which includes reductions to the net book value of the property due to historical depreciation and amortization expense. The purchaser of Sonoma Grande Apartments was not affiliated with us or our advisor.
Critical Accounting Policies
The preparation of our financial statements requires significant management judgments, assumptions and estimates about matters that are inherently uncertain. These judgments affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and our disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. With different estimates or assumptions, materially different amounts could be reported in our financial statements. Additionally, other companies may utilize different estimates that may impact the comparability of our results of operations to those of companies in similar businesses. A discussion of the accounting policies that management considers critical in that they involve significant management judgments, assumptions and estimates is included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. There have been no significant changes to our accounting policies during the period covered by this report other than described in Note 2 to our condensed consolidated unaudited financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Income Taxes
We elected to be taxed as, and currently qualify as, a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code and have operated as such commencing with the taxable year ended December 31, 2010. To continue to qualify as a REIT, we must meet certain organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement to distribute at least 90% of our annual REIT taxable income to our stockholders (which is computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction or net capital gain and which does not necessarily equal net income as calculated in accordance with GAAP). As a REIT, we generally will not be subject to federal income tax to the extent we distribute qualifying dividends to our stockholders. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we would be subject to federal income tax on our taxable income at regular corporate income tax rates and generally would not be permitted to qualify for treatment as a REIT for federal income tax purposes for the four taxable years following the year during which qualification was lost, unless the Internal Revenue Service grants us relief under certain statutory provisions. Such an event could materially adversely affect our net income and net cash available for distribution to our stockholders. However, we believe we are organized and operate in such a manner as to qualify for treatment as a REIT.
We follow the income tax guidance under GAAP to recognize, measure, present and disclose in our consolidated financial statements uncertain tax positions that we have taken or expect to take on a tax return. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we did not have any liabilities for uncertain tax positions that we believe should be recognized in our consolidated financial statements. Due to uncertainty regarding the realization of certain deferred tax assets, we have established valuation allowances, primarily in connection with the net operating loss carryforward related to the REIT. We have not been assessed material interest or penalties by any major tax jurisdictions. Our evaluation was performed for all open tax years through December 31, 2018.

42


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)


Distributions
Our board of directors has declared daily distributions that are paid on a monthly basis. We expect to continue paying monthly distributions unless our results of operations, our general financial condition, general economic conditions or other factors prohibit us from doing so. We may declare distributions in excess of our cash flow from operations. As a result, our distribution rate and payment frequency may vary from time to time. However, to qualify as a REIT for tax purposes, we must make distributions equal to at least 90% of our “REIT taxable income” each year.
Distributions declared (1) accrue daily to our stockholders of record as of the close of business on each day, (2) are payable in cumulative amounts on or before the third day of each calendar month with respect to the prior month and (3) are calculated at a rate of $0.001519 per share per day during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and $0.001964 per share per day during the three months ended March 31, 2018.
The distributions paid during the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2019 were as follows:
 
  
 
  
Distributions
Declared Per
Share(1)(2)
  
 
 
Sources of
Distributions Paid
 
Net Cash
Used in
Operating Activities
Period
 
Distributions
Declared(1)
 
 
Distributions Paid(3)
 
Cash Flow From Operations
 
Cash and Cash Equivalents
 
First Quarter 2019
  
$
10,186,657

 
$
0.137

 
$
10,196,066

 
$

 
$
10,196,066

 
$
(2,306,329
)
________________ 
(1)
Distributions are based on daily record dates and calculated at a rate of $0.001519 per share per day during the three months ended March 31, 2019.
(2)
Assumes each share was issued and outstanding each day during the period presented.
(3)
Distributions are paid on a monthly basis. Distributions for all record dates of a given month are paid approximately three days following month end. All distributions were paid in cash.
For the three months ended March 31, 2019, we paid aggregate distributions of $10,196,066. All such distributions were paid in cash. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, we had net income of $35,929,600. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, we had funds from operations, or FFO, of $5,021,196 and net cash used in operating activities was $2,306,329. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, of the $10,196,066 in total distributions paid, all of which were paid in cash, 100% were funded with existing cash and cash equivalents. Since inception, of the $385,429,753 in total distributions paid through March 31, 2019, including shares issued pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan, 59% of such amounts were funded from cash flow from operations, 20% of such amounts were funded from the sale of real estate investments, 9% of such amounts were funded from offering proceeds, 2% of such amounts were funded from credit facilities and 10% of such amounts were funded from cash and cash equivalents. For information on how we calculate FFO and the reconciliation of FFO to net income, see “—Funds from Operations and Modified Funds from Operations.”
Over the long-term, we expect that our distributions will be paid from cash flow from operations (except with respect to distributions related to sales of our real estate and real estate related investments). However, our operating performance cannot be accurately predicted and may deteriorate in the future due to numerous factors, including those discussed under “Forward-Looking Statements,” and “Results of Operations” herein. In the event our cash flow from operations decreases in the future, the level of our distributions may also decrease.
Inflation
Substantially all of our multifamily property leases will be for a term of one year or less. In an inflationary environment, this may allow us to realize increased rents upon renewal of existing leases or the beginning of new leases. Short-term leases generally will minimize our risk from the adverse effects of inflation, although these leases generally permit tenants to leave at the end of the lease term and therefore will expose us to the effects of a decline in market rents. In a deflationary rent environment, we may be exposed to declining rents more quickly under these shorter term leases.

43


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)


With respect to our commercial properties, we include in our leases future provisions designed to protect us from the impact of inflation. These provisions include reimbursement billings for operating expense pass-through charges, real estate tax and insurance reimbursements, or in some cases annual reimbursement of operating expenses above a certain allowance. We believe that shorter term lease contracts on commercial properties lessen the impact of inflation due to the ability to adjust rental rates to market levels as leases expire.
As of March 31, 2019, we had not entered into any material leases as a lessee.
REIT Compliance
To qualify as a REIT for tax purposes, we are required to distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (which is computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction or net capital gain and which does not necessarily equal net income as calculated in accordance with GAAP) to our stockholders. We must also meet certain asset and income tests, as well as other requirements. We will monitor the business and transactions that may potentially impact our REIT status. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we would be subject to federal income tax (including any applicable alternative minimum tax) on our taxable income at regular corporate rates.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We use, and intend to use in the future, secured and unsecured borrowings. At March 31, 2019, our debt was approximately 55% of the value of our properties, as determined by the most recent valuations performed by an independent third-party appraiser as of December 31, 2018. Going forward, we expect that our borrowings will be approximately 65% of the value of our properties, as determined by an independent third-party appraiser or qualified independent valuation expert. Under our Third Articles of Amendment and Restatement, or our charter, we have a limitation on borrowing in excess of 300% of the value of our net assets, which generally approximates to 75% of the aggregate cost of our assets, though we may exceed this limit under certain circumstances. As of March 31, 2019, our aggregate borrowings were not in excess of 300% of the value of our net assets.
Our principal demand for funds will be to acquire investments in accordance with our investment strategy, fund value-enhancement and other capital improvement projects at our properties, pay operating expenses and interest on our outstanding indebtedness and to make distributions to our stockholders. In addition to making investments in accordance with our investment objectives, we expect to use our capital resources to make certain payments to our advisor in connection with the acquisition and disposal of investments, the management of our assets and costs incurred by our advisor in providing services to us.
We intend to generally fund our cash needs for items, other than asset acquisitions, from operations. Otherwise, we expect that our principal sources of working capital will include:
current unrestricted cash balance, which was $157,625,094 as of March 31, 2019;
various forms of secured and unsecured financing, including the financing of our unencumbered properties; and
equity capital from joint venture partners.
Over the short term, we believe that our sources of capital, specifically our cash balances, cash flow from operations, our ability to raise equity capital from joint venture partners and our ability to obtain various forms of secured and unsecured financing will be adequate to meet our liquidity requirements and capital commitments.
Over the longer term, in addition to the sources of capital noted above, which we will rely on to meet our short term liquidity requirements, we may also utilize proceeds from the sale of our properties. We may also conduct additional public or private offerings. We expect these resources to be adequate to fund our operating activities, debt service and distributions, and will be sufficient to fund our ongoing operating activities as well as providing capital for investment in future development and other joint ventures.

44


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)


On July 29, 2016, we entered into a credit agreement and a multifamily note with PNC Bank, National Association, or PNC Bank, that provide for a credit facility in an amount not to exceed $350,000,000 to refinance certain of our then-existing mortgage loans. The credit facility has a maturity date of August 1, 2021, subject to extension. Advances made under the credit facility are secured by certain of our properties. See Note 6 (Debt) of the accompanying condensed consolidated unaudited financial statements. During 2017 and 2018, seven of the collateralized properties, were either disposed or refinanced, with the advances made to each of the collateralized properties being repaid in full. As of March 31, 2019, approximately $10,000,000 was outstanding on our credit facility.
Cash Flows Used in Operating Activities
We commenced real estate operations with the acquisition of our first multifamily property on August 11, 2010. As of March 31, 2019, we owned 32 multifamily properties. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, net cash used in operating activities was $2,306,329 compared to $1,457,476 for the three months ended March 31, 2018. The increase in net cash used in operating activities is primarily due to changes in net income, investment in unconsolidated joint venture, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, and due to affiliates compared to the first quarter of 2018.
Cash Flows Provided by Investing Activities
During the three months ended March 31, 2019, net cash provided by investing activities was $106,564,538 compared to $173,743,384 during the three months ended March 31, 2018. The decrease in net cash provided by investing activities was primarily due to the disposition of three multifamily properties during the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to disposition of three multifamily properties and the contribution of eight multifamily properties to the joint venture in exchange for cash and a 10% interest in the joint venture during the the three months ended March 31, 2018. Net cash provided by investing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2019, consisted of the following:
$92,600 of cash used for the investment in an unconsolidated joint venture, net of distributions received from the unconsolidated joint venture of $200,000;
$1,881,819 of cash used for improvements to real estate investments;
$108,294,795 of cash provided by the sales of real estate investments; and
$244,162 of cash provided by insurance claims.
Cash Flows Used in Financing Activities
During the three months ended March 31, 2019, net cash used in financing activities was $91,974,367 compared to $93,878,266 during the three months ended March 31, 2018. The decrease in cash flows used in financing activities is due primarily to a reduction in the amount of cash distributions paid to our stockholders. Net cash used in financing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2019, consisted of the following:
$36,154,087 of cash used for mortgage notes payable;
$42,656,750 of cash paid on the credit facility;
$967,464 of cash paid for the extinguishment of debt;
$10,196,066 of cash distributions to our stockholders; and
$2,000,000 of cash paid for the repurchase of common stock.
Contractual Commitments and Contingencies
We use, and intend to use in the future, secured and unsecured debt. We believe that the careful use of borrowings will help us achieve our diversification goals and potentially enhance the returns on our investments. At March 31, 2019, our debt was approximately 55% of the value of our properties, as determined by the most recent valuations performed by an independent

45


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)


third-party appraiser as of December 31, 2018. Going forward, we expect that our borrowings will be approximately 65% of the value of our properties. Under our charter, we are prohibited from borrowing in excess of 300% of our net assets, which generally approximates to 75% of the aggregate cost of our assets. We may borrow in excess of this amount if such excess is approved by a majority of our independent directors and disclosed to stockholders in our next quarterly report, along with a justification for such excess. In such event, we will monitor our debt levels and take action to reduce any such excess as practicable. Our aggregate borrowings are reviewed by our board of directors at least quarterly. As of March 31, 2019, our aggregate borrowings were not in excess of 300% of the value of our net assets.
In addition to using our capital resources for investing purposes and meeting our debt obligations, we expect to use our capital resources to make certain payments to our advisor or its affiliates. We expect to make payments to our advisor or its affiliates in connection with the selection and origination or purchase of real estate and real estate-related investments, the management of our assets, the management of the development or improvement of our assets and costs incurred by our advisor in providing services to us.
As of March 31, 2019, we had indebtedness totaling $614,901,861, comprised of an aggregate principal amount of $618,616,203, net premiums on certain notes payable of $84,080 and net deferred financing costs of $3,798,422. For more information on our outstanding indebtedness, see Note 6 (Debt) to the unaudited consolidated financial statements. The following is a summary of our contractual obligations as of March 31, 2019:
 
 
 
 
Payments due by period
Contractual Obligations
 
Total
 
Less than
1 year
 
1-3
years
 
3-5
years
 
More than
5 years
Interest payments on outstanding debt obligations(1)
 
$
181,450,861

 
$
19,530,116

 
$
48,869,462

 
$
39,977,763

 
$
73,073,520

Principal payments on outstanding debt obligations(2)
 
618,616,203

 
25,831,540

 
58,351,648

 
248,305,029

 
286,127,986

Total
 
$
800,067,064

 
$
45,361,656

 
$
107,221,110

 
$
288,282,792

 
$
359,201,506

________________
(1)
Projected interest payments on outstanding debt obligations are based on the outstanding principal amounts and interest rates in effect at March 31, 2019. We incurred interest expense of $7,918,789 during the three months ended March 31, 2019, including amortization of deferred financing costs of $408,115, amortization of loan premiums of $44,358 and net unrealized losses from the change in fair value of interest rate cap agreements of $99,879.
(2)
Projected principal payments on outstanding debt obligations are based on the terms of the notes payable agreements. Amounts exclude the amortization of the debt premiums in addition to net deferred financing costs associated with certain notes payable.
Our debt obligations contain customary financial or non-financial debt covenants. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, we were in compliance with all of our financial and non-financial debt covenants.
Results of Operations
Overview
The discussion that follows is based on our consolidated results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018. The ability to compare one period to another is affected by the acquisitions and dispositions made during those periods and our value-enhancement strategy. The number of multifamily properties wholly owned by us decreased to 32 as of March 31, 2019, from 37 as of March 31, 2018. Our results of operations were primarily affected by (1) the disposition of three multifamily properties and the contribution of eight multifamily properties to the joint venture in exchange for cash and a proportionate 10% interest in the joint venture during the three months ended March 31, 2018, (2) the acquisition of two

46


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)


multifamily properties and disposition of seven multifamily properties subsequent to March 31, 2018 and (3) our value-enhancement activity completed through March 31, 2019, as further discussed below.
Throughout this “Results of Operations” discussion, for the three months ended March 31, 2018, references to the disposition of 11 multifamily properties includes the contribution of eight multifamily properties to the joint venture.
Our results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, are not indicative of those expected in future periods. In general, we expect that our income and expenses related to our portfolio will increase in future periods as a result of organic rent increases and, to a lesser extent, anticipated value-enhancement projects.
To provide additional insight into our operating results, we are also providing a detailed analysis of same-store versus non-same-store net operating income, or NOI. For more information on NOI and a reconciliation of NOI (a non-GAAP measure) to net loss, see “—Net Operating Income.”
Consolidated Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 and 2018
The following table summarizes the consolidated results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018:
 
 
For the Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
 
 
 
 
$ Change Due to Acquisitions and Dispositions(1)
 
$ Change Due to Properties Held Throughout Both Periods(2)
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
Change $
 
Change %
 
 
Total revenues
 
$
32,010,792

 
$
35,454,927

 
$
(3,444,135
)
 
(10
)%
 
$
(4,266,725
)
 
$
822,590

Operating, maintenance and management
 
(8,085,547
)
 
(9,419,638
)
 
1,334,091

 
14
 %
 
1,275,157

 
58,934

Real estate taxes and insurance
 
(5,545,813
)
 
(5,863,322
)
 
317,509

 
5
 %
 
527,872

 
(210,363
)
Fees to affiliates
 
(3,720,629
)
 
(3,932,066
)
 
211,437

 
5
 %
 
316,298

 
(104,861
)
Depreciation and amortization
 
(8,981,978
)
 
(10,890,796
)
 
1,908,818

 
18
 %
 
926,031

 
982,787

Interest expense
 
(7,918,789
)
 
(7,894,252
)
 
(24,537
)
 
 %
 
703,701

 
(728,238
)
Loss on debt extinguishment
 
(814,831
)
 
(2,010,457
)
 
1,195,626

 
59
 %
 
1,195,626

 

General and administrative expenses
 
(1,426,682
)
 
(1,770,017
)
 
343,335

 
19
 %
 
43,321

 
300,014

Equity in earnings (loss) from unconsolidated joint venture
 
11,493

 
(1,641,405
)
 
1,652,898

 
101
 %
 
1,652,898

 

Gain on sales of real estate, net
 
40,401,584

 
81,247,054

 
(40,845,470
)
 
(50
)%
 
(40,845,470
)
 

Net income (loss)
 
$
35,929,600

 
$
73,280,028

 
$
(37,350,428
)
 
(51
)%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOI(3)
 
$
17,076,374

 
$
19,062,929

 
$
(1,986,555
)
 
(10
)%
 
 
 
 
FFO(4)
 
$
5,021,196

 
$
4,928,135

 
$
93,061

 
2
 %
 
 
 
 
MFFO(4)
 
$
5,935,906

 
$
7,010,146

 
$
(1,074,240
)
 
(15
)%
 
 
 
 
________________
(1)
Represents the favorable (unfavorable) dollar amount change for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018, related to multifamily properties acquired or disposed of on or after January 1, 2018.
(2)
Represents the favorable (unfavorable) dollar amount change for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018, related to multifamily properties owned by us throughout both periods presented.

47


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)


(3)
NOI is a non-GAAP financial measure used by investors and our management to evaluate and compare the performance of our properties and to determine trends in earnings. However, the usefulness of NOI is limited because it excludes general and administrative costs, interest expense, interest income and other expense, acquisition costs, certain fees to affiliates, depreciation and amortization expense and gains or losses from the sale of our properties and other gains and losses as stipulated by GAAP, the level of capital expenditures and leasing costs, all of which are significant economic costs. For additional information on how we calculate NOI and a reconciliation of NOI to net loss, see “—Net Operating Income.”
(4)
GAAP basis accounting for real estate assets utilizes historical cost accounting and assumes real estate values diminish over time. In an effort to overcome the difference between real estate values and historical cost accounting for real estate assets, the Board of Governors of the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, or NAREIT, established the measurement tool of FFO. Since its introduction, FFO has become a widely used non-GAAP financial measure among REITs. Additionally, we use modified funds from operations, or MFFO, as defined by the Institute for Portfolio Alternatives (formerly known as the Investment Program Association), or the IPA, as a supplemental measure to evaluate our operating performance. MFFO is based on FFO but includes certain adjustments we believe are necessary due to changes in accounting and reporting under GAAP since the establishment of FFO. Neither FFO nor MFFO should be considered as alternatives to net income or other measurements under GAAP as indicators of our operating performance, nor should they be considered as alternatives to cash flow from operating activities or other measurements under GAAP as indicators of liquidity. For additional information on how we calculate FFO and MFFO and a reconciliation of FFO and MFFO to net income, see “—Funds From Operations and Modified Funds From Operations.”
Net income
For the three months ended March 31, 2019, we had a net income of $35,929,600 compared to $73,280,028 for the three months ended March 31, 2018. The decrease in net income of $37,350,428 over the prior year period was primarily due to the decrease in total revenues of $3,444,135, the decrease in gain on sales of real estate, net of $40,845,470 and the increase in interest expense of $24,537, partially offset by the decrease in operating, maintenance and management expenses of $1,334,091, the decrease in real estate taxes and insurance of $317,509, the decrease in fees to affiliates of $211,437, the decrease in depreciation and amortization expense of $1,908,818, the decrease in loss on debt extinguishment of $1,195,626, the decrease in general and administrative expenses of $343,335 and the decrease in equity in earnings (loss) from unconsolidated joint venture of $1,652,898. Our results of operations were primarily impacted by the disposition of 11 multifamily properties during the three months ended March 31, 2018, and the disposition of an additional seven multifamily properties and acquisition of two multifamily properties subsequent to March 31, 2018.
Total revenues
Rental income and other income for the three months ended March 31, 2019, were $32,010,792 compared to $35,454,927 for the three months ended March 31, 2018. The decrease of $3,444,135 was primarily due to selling 11 multifamily properties during the three months ended March 31, 2018 and our total number of units decreasing by 1,466 from 9,878 at March 31, 2018, to 8,412 at March 31, 2019, as a result of the disposition of seven multifamily properties, partially offset by the acquisition of two multifamily properties subsequent to March 31, 2018, the average occupancy increasing from 93.9% at March 31, 2018, to 94.0% at March 31, 2019 and the average monthly rent increasing from $1,025 at March 31, 2018 to $1,089 at March 31, 2019. We expect rental income and other income to increase in future periods as a result of ordinary monthly rent increases and to a lesser extent our value-enhancement strategy.
Operating, maintenance and management
Operating, maintenance and management expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2019, were $8,085,547 compared to $9,419,638 for the three months ended March 31, 2018. The decrease of $1,334,091 was due to selling 11 multifamily properties during the three months ended March 31, 2018 and a decrease of $1,275,157 at the seven multifamily properties sold,

48


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)


partially offset by the two multifamily properties acquired subsequent to March 31, 2018, in addition to a decrease of $58,934 primarily from credit card processing fees and utilities during the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018. We expect that these amounts will decrease as a percentage of total revenues as we implement operational efficiencies at our multifamily properties.
Real estate taxes and insurance
Real estate taxes and insurance expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2019, were $5,545,813 compared to $5,863,322 for the three months ended March 31, 2018. The decrease of $317,509 was due to a decrease of $527,872 related to the disposition of seven multifamily properties, partially offset by the acquisition of two multifamily properties subsequent to March 31, 2018, increase in real estate taxes and insurance of $210,363 at the properties held throughout both periods due to increased assessed values at certain of our properties resulting in higher property taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018. These amounts may increase in future periods as a result of ordinary municipal property tax increases and/or increases in the assessed value of our property portfolio.
Fees to affiliates
Fees to affiliates for the three months ended March 31, 2019, were $3,720,629 compared to $3,932,066 for the three months ended March 31, 2018. The net decrease of $211,437 primarily was due to the decrease of investment management fees and property management fees as a result of the reduction in the size of our portfolio subsequent to March 31, 2018. We expect fees to affiliates to decrease in future periods as a result of continued lower property management fees and investment management fees incurred on a smaller portfolio.
Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation and amortization expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2019, were $8,981,978 compared to $10,890,796 for the three months ended March 31, 2018. The decrease of $1,908,818 was primarily due the reduction in the number of properties in our portfolio subsequent to March 31, 2018, and the disposition of 11 multifamily properties during the three months ended March 31, 2018. We expect these amounts to decrease slightly in future periods as a result of the disposition of multifamily properties during and subsequent to the three months ended March 31, 2019, but partially offset by an increase in future periods as a result of anticipated capital expenditures to our real estate portfolio.
Interest expense
Interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2019, was $7,918,789 compared to $7,894,252 for the three months ended March 31, 2018. The increase of $24,537 was primarily due to an increase of $728,238 at the properties held throughout both periods as a result of increases in the London Inter-bank Offered Rate, or LIBOR, from March 31, 2018, to March 31, 2019, that impact the interest on our variable rate loans offset, by a decrease of $703,701 related to the disposition of 11 multifamily properties during the three months ended March 31, 2018, and a net reduction in our portfolio of five multifamily properties subsequent to March 31, 2018. Our interest expense in future periods will vary based on the impact changes to LIBOR will have on our variable rate debt and our level of borrowings, which will depend on the availability and cost of debt financing, the opportunity to acquire real estate and real estate-related investments meeting our investment objectives and the opportunity to sell real estate properties and real estate-related investments.
Loss on debt extinguishment
Loss on debt extinguishment for the three months ended March 31, 2019, was $814,831 compared to $2,010,457 for the three months ended March 31, 2018. These expenses consist of prepayment penalties and the expense of the deferred financing costs, net related to the repayment and extinguishment of the debt. The decrease in loss on debt extinguishment was due to the repayment of loans in conjunction with the disposition of of 10 multifamily properties during the three months ended March 31, 2018 and the refinance of one property compared to three multifamily properties during the three months ended March 31,

49


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)


2019. The loss on debt extinguishment will vary in future periods if we repay the remaining outstanding principal prior to the scheduled maturity dates of any of our mortgage notes payable.
General and administrative expense
General and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2019, were $1,426,682 compared to $1,770,017 for the three months ended March 31, 2018. These general and administrative costs consisted primarily of legal fees, insurance premiums, audit fees, other professional fees, independent director compensation and certain state taxes. The decrease of $343,335 primarily was due to decreases in acquisition expenses that did not meet the criteria for capitalization under ASU 2017-01 for the three months March 31, 2019, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018. We expect general and administrative expenses incurred by our advisor to decrease as a percentage of total revenue.
Equity in earnings (loss) from unconsolidated joint venture
Equity in earnings from unconsolidated joint venture for the three months ended March 31, 2019, was $11,493 compared to equity in loss from unconsolidated joint venture of $1,641,405 for the three months ended March 31, 2018. Our investment in the joint venture has been accounted for as an unconsolidated joint venture under the equity method of accounting. The increase in equity in earnings from unconsolidated joint venture of $1,652,898 primarily was due to non-recurring insurance proceeds recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2019, in addition to a reduction of amortization expense related to tenant origination and absorption costs that were fully amortized prior to the three months ended March 31, 2019. Equity in earnings (loss) from unconsolidated joint venture will vary in the future based on the operating results of the joint venture.
Gain on sales of real estate
Gain on sales of real estate for the three months ended March 31, 2019, was $40,401,584 compared to $81,247,054 for the three months ended March 31, 2018. The decrease in gain on sales of real estate of $40,845,470 is due to the gain recognized on the disposition of three multifamily properties during the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to the disposition of 11 multifamily properties during the three months ended March 31, 2018. Our gain on sales of real estate in future periods will vary based on the opportunity to sell real properties and real estate-related investments.
Property Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 Compared to the Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
For purposes of evaluating comparative operating performance, we categorize our properties as “same-store” or “non-same-store.” A “same-store” property is a property that was owned at January 1, 2018. A “non-same-store” property is a property that was acquired, placed into service or disposed of after January 1, 2018 and properties accounted for under the equity method. As of March 31, 2019, 30 properties were categorized as same-store properties.

50


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)


The following table presents the same-store and non-same-store results from operations for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018:
 
 
For the Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
 
 
 
 
2019
 
2018
 
Change $
 
Change %
Same-store properties:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues
 
$
25,881,867

 
$
25,222,672

 
$
659,195

 
2.6
%
Operating expenses
 
12,258,873

 
11,867,771

 
391,102

 
3.3
%
NOI
 
13,622,994

 
13,354,901

 
268,093

 
2.0
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-same-store properties:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOI
 
3,453,380

 
5,708,028

 
(2,254,648
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total NOI(1)
 
$
17,076,374

 
$
19,062,929

 
$
(1,986,555
)
 
 
________________
(1)
See “—Net Operating Income” below for a reconciliation of NOI to net income.
Net Operating Income
Same-store net operating income for the three months ended March 31, 2019, was $13,622,994 compared to $13,354,901 for the three months ended March 31, 2018. The 2.0% increase in same-store net operating income was primarily due to the 2.6% increase in same-store rental revenues offset by a 3.3% increase in same-store operating expenses over the comparable prior year period.
Revenues
Same-store revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2019, were $25,881,867 compared to $25,222,672 for the three months ended March 31, 2018. The 2.6% increase in same-store revenues was primarily due to average rent increases at the same-store properties from $1,038 as of March 31, 2018, to $1,073 as of March 31, 2019, primarily attributable to ordinary monthly rent increases and an increase in occupancy at the same-store properties from 94.0% as of March 31, 2018, to 94.2% as of March 31, 2019.
Operating Expenses
Same-store operating expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2019, were $12,258,873 compared to $11,867,771 for the three months ended March 31, 2018. The 3.3% increase in operating expenses was primarily due to increased real estate taxes, insurance, property level general administrative costs, including wages and salaries during the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018.
Net Operating Income
NOI is a non-GAAP financial measure of performance. NOI is used by investors and our management to evaluate and compare the performance of our properties and to determine trends in earnings and to compute the fair value of our properties as it is not affected by (1) the cost of funds, (2) acquisition costs, (3) non-operating fees to affiliates, (4) the impact of depreciation and amortization expenses as well as gains or losses from the sale of operating real estate assets that are included in net income computed in accordance with GAAP or (5) general and administrative expenses and other gains and losses that are specific to us. The cost of funds is eliminated from net income because it is specific to our particular financing capabilities

51


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)


and constraints. The cost of funds is also eliminated because it is dependent on historical interest rates and other costs of capital as well as past decisions made by us regarding the appropriate mix of capital which may have changed or may change in the future. Acquisition costs (those that did not meet the criteria for capitalization under ASU 2017-01) and non-operating fees to affiliates are eliminated because they do not reflect continuing operating costs of the property owner.
Depreciation and amortization expenses as well as gains or losses from the sale of operating real estate assets are eliminated because they may not accurately represent the actual change in value in our multifamily properties that result from use of the properties or changes in market conditions. While certain aspects of real property do decline in value over time in a manner that is reasonably captured by depreciation and amortization, the value of the properties as a whole have historically increased or decreased as a result of changes in overall economic conditions instead of from actual use of the property or the passage of time. Gains and losses from the sale of real property vary from property to property and are affected by market conditions at the time of sale which will usually change from period to period. These gains and losses can create distortions when comparing one period to another or when comparing our operating results to the operating results of other real estate companies that have not made similarly timed purchases or sales. We believe that eliminating these costs from net income is useful because the resulting measure captures the actual revenue generated and actual expenses incurred in operating our properties as well as trends in occupancy rates, rental rates and operating costs.
The usefulness of NOI is limited because it excludes general and administrative costs, interest expense, interest income and other expense, acquisition costs (those that did not meet the criteria for capitalization under ASU 2017-01), certain fees to affiliates, depreciation and amortization expense and gains or losses from the sale of properties, and other gains and losses as stipulated by GAAP, the level of capital expenditures and leasing costs necessary to maintain the operating performance of our properties, all of which are significant economic costs. NOI may fail to capture significant trends in these components of net income which further limits its usefulness.
NOI is a measure of the operating performance of our properties but does not measure our performance as a whole. NOI is therefore not a substitute for net income as computed in accordance with GAAP. This measure should be analyzed in conjunction with net income computed in accordance with GAAP and discussions elsewhere in “—Results of Operations” regarding the components of net income that are eliminated in the calculation of NOI. Other companies may use different methods for calculating NOI or similarly entitled measures and, accordingly, our NOI may not be comparable to similarly entitled measures reported by other companies that do not define the measure exactly as we do.
The following is a reconciliation of our NOI to net income for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, computed in accordance with GAAP:
 
 
For the Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2019
 
2018
Net income
 
$
35,929,600

 
$
73,280,028

Fees to affiliates(1)
 
2,276,198

 
2,584,261

Depreciation and amortization
 
8,981,978

 
10,890,796

Interest expense
 
7,918,789

 
7,894,252

Loss on debt extinguishment
 
814,831

 
2,010,457

General and administrative expenses
 
1,426,682

 
1,770,017

Gain on sales of real estate
 
(40,401,584
)
 
(81,247,054
)
Adjustments for investment in unconsolidated joint venture(2)
 
724,344

 
2,317,177

Other gains(3)
 
(594,464
)
 
(437,005
)
Net operating income
 
$
17,076,374

 
$
19,062,929

________________

52


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)


(1)
Fees to affiliates for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 excludes property management fees of $908,071 and $1,024,732 and other reimbursements of $536,360 and $323,073, respectively, that are included in NOI.
(2)
Reflects adjustments to add back our noncontrolling interest share of the adjustments to reconcile our net income attributable to common stockholders to NOI for our equity investment in the unconsolidated joint venture, which principally consists of depreciation, amortization and interest expense incurred by the joint venture.
(3)
Other gains for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, include non-recurring insurance proceeds and interest income that are not included in NOI.
Funds from Operations and Modified Funds from Operations
Due to certain unique operating characteristics of real estate companies, as discussed below, NAREIT, an industry trade group, has promulgated the measure of FFO which we believe to be an appropriate supplemental measure to reflect the operating performance of a real estate investment trust, or REIT. The use of FFO is recommended by the REIT industry as a supplemental performance measure. FFO is not equivalent to our net income as determined under GAAP.
We define FFO, a non-GAAP financial measure, consistent with the standards established by the White Paper on FFO approved by the Board of Governors of NAREIT, as revised in December 2018, or the White Paper. The White Paper defines FFO as net income computed in accordance with GAAP, excluding gains or losses from sales of property and non-cash impairment charges of real estate related investments, plus real estate related depreciation and amortization, and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures. In particular, we believe it is appropriate to disregard impairment charges, as this is a fair value adjustment that is largely based on market fluctuations and assessments regarding general market conditions which can change over time. An asset will only be evaluated for impairment if certain impairment indications exist and if the carrying, or book value, exceeds the total estimated undiscounted future cash flows (including net rental and lease revenues, net proceeds on the sale of the property, and any other ancillary cash flows at a property or group level under GAAP) from such asset. Investors should note, however, that determinations of whether impairment charges have been incurred are based partly on anticipated operating performance, because estimated undiscounted future cash flows from a property, including estimated future net rental and lease revenues, net proceeds on the sale of the property, and certain other ancillary cash flows, are taken into account in determining whether an impairment charge has been incurred. While impairment charges are excluded from the calculation of FFO as described above, investors are cautioned that due to the fact that impairments are based on estimated future undiscounted cash flows and the relatively limited term of our operations, it could be difficult to recover any impairment charges. Our FFO calculation complies with NAREIT’s policy described above.
The historical accounting convention used for real estate assets requires straight-line depreciation of buildings and improvements, which implies that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time, especially if such assets are not adequately maintained or repaired and renovated as required by relevant circumstances and/or as requested or required by lessees for operational purposes in order to maintain the value disclosed. We believe that since real estate values historically rise and fall with market conditions, including inflation, interest rates, the business cycle, unemployment and consumer spending, presentations of operating results for a REIT using historical accounting for depreciation may be less informative. Historical accounting for real estate involves the use of GAAP. Any other method of accounting for real estate such as the fair value method cannot be construed to be any more accurate or relevant than the comparable methodologies of real estate valuation found in GAAP. Nevertheless, we believe that the use of FFO, which excludes the impact of real estate related depreciation and amortization, provides a more complete understanding of our performance to investors and to management, and when compared year over year, reflects the impact on our operations from trends in occupancy rates, rental rates, operating costs, general and administrative expenses, and interest costs, which may not be immediately apparent from net income. We adopted ASU 2016-02, Leases, or ASU 2016-02 on January 1, 2019, which requires us, as a lessee, to recognize a liability for obligations under a lease contract and a right-of-use asset. The carrying amount of the right-of-use asset is amortized over the term of the lease. Because we have no ownership rights (current or residual) in the underlying asset, NAREIT concluded that the amortization of the right-of-use asset should not be added back to GAAP net income (loss) in calculating FFO. This amortization expense is included in FFO. However, FFO, and MFFO as described below, should not be construed to be more relevant or accurate than the current GAAP methodology in calculating net income or in its applicability in evaluating our

53


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)


operating performance. The method utilized to evaluate the value and performance of real estate under GAAP should be construed as a more relevant measure of operational performance and considered more prominently than the non-GAAP FFO and MFFO measures and the adjustments to GAAP in calculating FFO and MFFO.
Changes in the accounting and reporting promulgations under GAAP (for acquisition fees and expenses from a capitalization/depreciation model to an expensed-as-incurred model) that were put into effect in 2009 and other changes to GAAP accounting for real estate subsequent to the establishment of NAREIT’s definition of FFO have prompted an increase in cash-settled expenses, specifically acquisition fees and expenses for all industries as items that are expensed under GAAP, that are typically accounted for as operating expenses. Management believes these fees and expenses do not affect our overall long-term operating performance. Publicly registered, non-listed REITs typically have a significant amount of acquisition activity and are substantially more dynamic during their initial years of investment and operation. While other start-up entities may also experience significant acquisition activity during their initial years, we believe that public, non-listed REITs, like us, are unique in that they have a limited life with targeted exit strategies within a relatively limited time frame after acquisition activity ceases. Our board of directors will determine to pursue a liquidity event when it believes that the then-current market conditions are favorable. Thus, as a limited life REIT, we will not continuously purchase assets and will have a limited life.
Due to the above factors and other unique features of publicly registered, non-listed REITs, the IPA, an industry trade group, has standardized a measure known as MFFO, which the IPA has recommended as a supplemental measure for publicly registered non-listed REITs and which we believe to be another appropriate supplemental measure to reflect the operating performance of a public, non-listed REIT having the characteristics described above. MFFO is not equivalent to our net income or loss as determined under GAAP, and MFFO may not be a useful measure of the impact of long-term operating performance on value if we do not continue to operate with a limited life and targeted exit strategy, as currently intended. We believe that, because MFFO excludes costs that we consider more reflective of investing activities and other non-operating items included in FFO and also excludes acquisition fees and expenses that are not capitalized, as discussed below, and affect our operations only in periods in which properties are acquired, MFFO can provide, on a going forward basis, an indication of the sustainability (that is, the capacity to continue to be maintained) of our operating performance after the period in which we are acquiring our properties and once our portfolio is in place. By providing MFFO, we believe we are presenting useful information that assists investors and analysts to better assess the sustainability of our operating performance after our offering has been completed and our properties have been acquired. We also believe that MFFO is a recognized measure of sustainable operating performance by the non-listed REIT industry. Further, we believe MFFO is useful in comparing the sustainability of our operating performance after our offering and acquisitions are completed with the sustainability of the operating performance of other real estate companies that are not as involved in acquisition activities. Investors are cautioned that MFFO should only be used to assess the sustainability of our operating performance after our offering has been completed and properties have been acquired, as it excludes acquisition costs that have a negative effect on our operating performance during the periods in which properties are acquired.
We define MFFO, a non-GAAP financial measure, consistent with the IPA’s Guideline 2010-01, Supplemental Performance Measure for Publicly Registered, Non-Listed REITs: Modified Funds from Operations, or the Practice Guideline, issued by the IPA in November 2010. The Practice Guideline defines MFFO as FFO further adjusted for the following items, as applicable, included in the determination of GAAP net income: acquisition fees and expenses; amounts relating to deferred rent receivables and amortization of above and below market leases and liabilities (which are adjusted in order to reflect such payments from a GAAP accrual basis to a cash basis of disclosing the rent and lease payments); accretion of discounts and amortization of premiums on debt investments; mark-to-market adjustments included in net income; nonrecurring gains or losses included in net income from the extinguishment or sale of debt, hedges, foreign exchange, derivatives or securities holdings where trading of such holdings is not a fundamental attribute of the business plan, unrealized gains or losses resulting from consolidation from, or deconsolidation to, equity accounting, and after adjustments for consolidated and unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures, with such adjustments calculated to reflect MFFO on the same basis. The accretion of discounts and amortization of premiums on debt investments, nonrecurring unrealized gains and losses on hedges, foreign exchange, derivatives or securities holdings, unrealized gains and losses resulting from consolidations, as well as other listed cash flow adjustments are adjustments made to net income in calculating the cash flows provided by operating activities and, in some cases, reflect gains or losses which are unrealized and may not ultimately be realized. While we rely on our advisor for managing interest rate,

54


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)


hedge and foreign exchange risk, we do not retain an outside consultant to review all our hedging agreements. Inasmuch as interest rate hedges are not a fundamental part of our operations, we believe it is appropriate to exclude such non-recurring gains and losses in calculating MFFO, as such gains and losses are not reflective of on-going operations.
Our MFFO calculation complies with the IPA’s Practice Guideline described above, except with respect to certain acquisition fees and expenses as discussed below. In calculating MFFO, we exclude acquisition related expenses that are not capitalized, amortization of above and below market leases, fair value adjustments of derivative financial instruments, deferred rent receivables and the adjustments of such items related to noncontrolling interests. Historically, under GAAP, acquisition fees and expenses were characterized as operating expenses in determining operating net income. However, following the recent publication of ASU 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the definition of business, or ASU 2017-01, acquisition fees and expenses are capitalized and depreciated under certain conditions. We elected to early adopt ASU 2017-01, resulting in a substantial part of acquisition fees and expenses being capitalized and therefore not excluded from the calculation of MFFO but captured as depreciation in calculating FFO. However, these expenses are paid in cash by us. All paid and accrued acquisition fees and expenses will have negative effects on returns to investors, the potential for future distributions, and cash flows generated by us, unless earnings from operations or net sales proceeds from the disposition of other properties are generated to cover the purchase price of the property, these fees and expenses and other costs related to such property. In the event that operational earnings and cash flow are not available to fund our reimbursement of acquisition fees and expenses incurred by our advisor, such fees and expenses will need to be reimbursed to our advisor from other sources, including debt, net proceeds from the sale of properties, or from ancillary cash flows. The acquisition of properties, and the corresponding acquisition fees and expenses, is the key operational feature of our business plan to generate operational income and cash flow to fund distributions to our stockholders. Further, under GAAP, certain contemplated non-cash fair value and other non-cash adjustments are considered operating non-cash adjustments to net income in determining cash flow from operating activities. In addition, we view fair value adjustments of derivatives and gains and losses from dispositions of assets as non-recurring items or items which are unrealized and may not ultimately be realized, and which are not reflective of on-going operations and are therefore typically adjusted for when assessing operating performance.
Our management uses MFFO and the adjustments used to calculate MFFO in order to evaluate our performance against other public, non-listed REITs which have limited lives with short and defined acquisition periods and targeted exit strategies shortly thereafter. As noted above, MFFO may not be a useful measure of the impact of long-term operating performance on value if we do not continue to operate in this manner. We believe that our use of MFFO and the adjustments used to calculate MFFO allow us to present our performance in a manner that reflects certain characteristics that are unique to public, non-listed REITs, such as their limited life, limited and defined acquisition period and targeted exit strategy, and hence that the use of such measures is useful to investors. By excluding expensed acquisition costs that are not capitalized, the use of MFFO provides information consistent with management’s analysis of the operating performance of the properties. Additionally, fair value adjustments, which are based on the impact of current market fluctuations and underlying assessments of general market conditions, but can also result from operational factors such as rental and occupancy rates, may not be directly related or attributable to our current operating performance. By excluding such changes that may reflect anticipated and unrealized gains or losses, we believe MFFO provides useful supplemental information.
Presentation of this information is intended to provide useful information to investors as they compare the operating performance to that of other public, non-listed REITs, although it should be noted that not all public, non-listed REITs calculate FFO and MFFO the same way, so comparisons with other public, non-listed REITs may not be meaningful. Furthermore, FFO and MFFO are not necessarily indicative of cash flow available to fund cash needs and should not be considered as an alternative to net income or income from continuing operations as an indication of our performance, as an alternative to cash flows from operations as an indication of our liquidity, or indicative of funds available to fund our cash needs, including our ability to make distributions to our stockholders. FFO and MFFO should be reviewed in conjunction with GAAP measurements as an indication of our performance. MFFO is useful in assisting management and investors in assessing the sustainability of operating performance in future operating periods, and in particular, after the offering and acquisition stages are complete and net asset value is disclosed. MFFO is not a useful measure in evaluating net asset value because impairments are taken into account in determining net asset value but not in determining MFFO.

55


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)


Neither the SEC, NAREIT nor any other regulatory body has passed judgment on the acceptability of the adjustments that we use to calculate FFO or MFFO. In the future, the SEC, NAREIT or another regulatory body may decide to standardize the allowable adjustments across the non-listed REIT industry and in response to such standardization we may have to adjust our calculation and characterization of FFO or MFFO accordingly.
Our calculation of FFO and MFFO is presented in the following table for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018:
 
 
For the Three Months Ended March 31,
Reconciliation of net income to MFFO:
 
2019
 
2018
Net income
 
$
35,929,600

 
$
73,280,028

Depreciation of real estate assets
 
8,968,237

 
10,852,504

Amortization of lease-related costs(1)
 
12,763

 
38,292

Gain on sales of real estate, net
 
(40,401,584
)
 
(81,247,054
)
Adjustments for investment in unconsolidated joint venture(2)
 
512,180

 
2,004,365

FFO
 
5,021,196

 
4,928,135

Acquisition expenses(3)(4)
 

 
198,814

Unrealized loss (gain) on derivative instruments
 
99,879

 
(127,260
)
Loss on debt extinguishment
 
814,831

 
2,010,457

MFFO
 
$
5,935,906

 
$
7,010,146

________________
(1)
Amortization of lease-related costs for the three months ended March 31, 2019, excludes amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets of $978 that are included in FFO.
(2)
Reflects adjustments to add back our noncontrolling interest share of the adjustments to reconcile our net income attributable to common stockholders to FFO for our equity investment in the unconsolidated joint venture, which principally consists of depreciation and amortization incurred by the joint venture.
(3)
By excluding acquisition expenses, management believes MFFO provides useful supplemental information that is comparable for each type of real estate investment and is consistent with management’s analysis of the investing and operating performance of our properties. Acquisition expenses include payments to our advisor or third parties. Historically, acquisition expenses under GAAP were considered operating expenses and as expenses included in the determination of net income and income from continuing operations, both of which are performance measures under GAAP. Following the recent publication of ASU 2017-01, acquisition expenses are capitalized and depreciated under certain conditions. We elected to early adopt ASU 2017-01 resulting in a substantial part of our acquisition expenses being capitalized and therefore not excluded from the calculation of MFFO but are captured as depreciation in calculating FFO. All paid and accrued acquisition expenses will have negative effects on returns to investors, the potential for future distributions, and cash flows generated by us, unless earnings from operations or net sales proceeds from the disposition of properties are generated to cover the purchase price of the property, these expenses and other costs related to the property. In the event that operational earnings and cash flows are not available to fund our reimbursement of acquisition expenses incurred by our advisor, such expenses will need to be reimbursed to the advisor from other sources, including debt, operational earnings or cash flow, net proceeds from the sale of properties, or from ancillary cash flows.
(4)
Acquisition expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, of $0 and $198,814, respectively, did not meet the criteria for capitalization under ASU 2017-01 and are recorded in general and administrative expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated unaudited statements of operations.

56


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (continued)


FFO and MFFO may be used to fund all or a portion of certain capitalizable items that are excluded from FFO and MFFO, such as tenant improvements, building improvements and deferred leasing costs.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of March 31, 2019, we had no off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.
Related-Party Transactions and Agreements
We have entered into agreements with our advisor and its affiliates whereby we have paid, and may continue to pay, certain fees to, or reimburse certain expenses of, our advisor or its affiliates for acquisition and advisory fees and expenses, financing coordination fees, organization and offering costs, asset and property management fees and expenses, leasing fees and reimbursement of certain operating costs. Refer to Note 9 (Related Party Arrangements) to our condensed consolidated unaudited financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a discussion of the various related-party transactions, agreements and fees.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
We may be exposed to the effects of interest rate changes as a result of borrowings used to maintain liquidity and to fund the acquisition, expansion and refinancing of our real estate investment portfolio and operations. We may be also exposed to the effects of changes in interest rates as a result of the acquisition and origination of mortgage, mezzanine, bridge and other loans. Our profitability and the value of our investment portfolio may be adversely affected during any period as a result of interest rate changes. Our interest rate risk management objectives are to limit the impact of interest rate changes on earnings, prepayment penalties and cash flows and to lower overall borrowing costs. We have managed and will continue to manage interest rate risk by maintaining a ratio of fixed rate, long-term debt such that floating rate exposure is kept at an acceptable level. In addition, we have, and may in the future, utilize a variety of financial instruments, including interest rate caps, floors and swap agreements, in order to limit the effects of changes in interest rates on our operations. When we use these types of derivatives to hedge the risk of interest-earning assets or interest-bearing liabilities, we may be subject to certain risks, including the risk that losses on a hedge position will reduce the funds available for payments to holders of our common stock and that the losses may exceed the amount we invested in the instruments.
We borrow funds and make investments at a combination of fixed and variable rates. Interest rate fluctuations will generally not affect our future earnings or cash flows on our fixed rate debt unless such instruments mature or are otherwise terminated. However, interest rate changes will affect the fair value of our fixed rate instruments. At March 31, 2019, the fair value of our fixed rate debt was $315,819,356 and the carrying value of our fixed rate debt was $324,232,472. The fair value estimate of our fixed rate debt was estimated using a discounted cash flow analysis utilizing rates we would expect to pay for debt of a similar type and remaining maturity if the loans were originated at March 31, 2019. As we expect to hold our fixed rate instruments to maturity and the amounts due under such instruments would be limited to the outstanding principal balance and any accrued and unpaid interest, we do not expect that fluctuations in interest rates, and the resulting change in fair value of our fixed rate instruments, would have a significant impact on our operations.
Conversely, movements in interest rates on our variable rate debt would change our future earnings and cash flows, but not significantly affect the fair value of those instruments. However, changes in required risk premiums would result in changes in the fair value of floating rate instruments. At March 31, 2019, the fair value of our variable rate debt was $292,759,181 and the carrying value of our variable rate debt was $290,669,389. Based on interest rates as of March 31, 2019, if interest rates are 100 basis points higher during the 12 months ending March 31, 2020, interest expense on our variable rate debt would increase by $3,009,617 and if interest rates are 100 basis points lower during the 12 months ending March 31, 2020, interest expense on our variable rate debt would decrease by $3,005,094.

57


PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)

At March 31, 2019, the weighted-average interest rate of our fixed rate debt and variable rate debt was 3.92% and 4.66%, respectively. The weighted-average interest rate of our blended fixed and variable rates was 4.27% at March 31, 2019. The weighted-average interest rate represents the actual interest rate in effect at March 31, 2019 (consisting of the contractual interest rate), using interest rate indices as of March 31, 2019, where applicable.
We will also be exposed to credit risk. Credit risk is the failure of the counterparty to perform under the terms of a derivative contract. If the fair value of a derivative contract is positive, the counterparty will owe us, which creates credit risk for us. If the fair value of a derivative contract is negative, we will owe the counterparty and, therefore, do not have credit risk. We will seek to minimize the credit risk in derivative instruments by entering into transactions with high-quality counterparties. As of March 31, 2019, we did not have counterparty risk on our interest rate cap agreements as the underlying variable rates for each of our interest rate cap agreements as of March 31, 2019, were not in excess of the capped rates. See also Note 12 (Derivative Financial Instruments) to our condensed consolidated unaudited financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to us, including our chief executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, we recognize that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, as ours are designed to do, and we necessarily are required to apply our judgment in evaluating whether the benefits of the controls and procedures that we adopt outweigh their costs.
As required by Rules 13a-15(b) and 15d-15(b) of the Exchange Act, an evaluation as of March 31, 2019, was conducted under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our chief executive officer and principal financial officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act). Based on this evaluation, our chief executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures, as of March 31, 2019, were effective at the reasonable assurance level.
Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ending March 31, 2019, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

58


PART II — OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
From time to time, we are party to legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business. Management is not aware of any legal proceedings of which the outcome is reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition, nor are we aware of any such legal proceedings contemplated by government agencies.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
There have been no material changes to the risk factors contained in Part 1, Item 1A set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 15, 2019.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
During the three months ended March 31, 2019, we fulfilled redemption requests and redeemed shares of our common stock pursuant to our share repurchase program as follows:
 
 
Total Number of Shares Requested to be Redeemed(1)
 
Total Number of Shares Redeemed(2)
 
Average Price Paid per Share(3)(4)
 
Approximate Dollar Value of Shares Available That May Yet Be Redeemed Under the Program
January 2019
 
314,912

 
219,696

 
$
9.10

 
(5) 
February 2019
 
129,521

 

 

 
(5) 
March 2019
 
486,407

 

 

 
(5) 
 
 
930,840

 
219,696

 
 
 
 
________________
(1)
We generally repurchase shares on the last business day of the month following the end of each fiscal quarter in which requests were received. At March 31, 2019, we had $2,000,000, representing 223,595 shares of outstanding and unfulfilled repurchase requests, all of which were fulfilled on April 30, 2019.
(2)
We are not obligated to repurchase shares under the share repurchase program.
(3)
Pursuant to the program, as amended, we currently redeem shares at prices determined as follows:
92.5% of the share repurchase price for stockholders who have held their shares for at least one year;
95.0% of the share repurchase price for stockholders who have held their shares for at least two years;
97.5% of the share repurchase price for stockholders who have held their shares for at least three years; and
100.0% of the share repurchase price for stockholders who have held their shares for at least four years;
The “share repurchase price” is equal to 93% of the Estimated Value per Share less reductions due to the holding period for shares and other events specified in the share repurchase program. Notwithstanding the above, the repurchase price for repurchases sought upon a stockholder’s death or “qualifying disability” will be equal to the average issue price per share for all of the stockholder’s shares purchased from us.
(4)
For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the sources of the cash used to redeem shares were 100% from existing cash and cash equivalents.

59


PART II—OTHER INFORMATION (continued)


(5)
The number of shares that may be repurchased pursuant to the share repurchase program during any calendar year is limited to 5% of the weighted-average number of shares outstanding during the prior calendar year and the value of the shares repurchased shall not exceed $2,000,000 in any quarter.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information
None.
Item 6. Exhibits
Effective February 1, 2010, Steadfast Secure Income REIT, Inc., Steadfast Secure Income Advisor, LLC and Steadfast Secure Income REIT Operating Partnership, L.P. changed their names to Steadfast Income REIT, Inc., Steadfast Income Advisor, LLC and Steadfast Income REIT Operating Partnership, L.P., respectively. With respect to documents executed prior to the name change, the following Exhibit Index refers to the entity names used prior to the name changes in order to accurately reflect the names of the entities that appear on such documents.
The following exhibits are included, or incorporated by reference, in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2019 (and are numbered in accordance with Item 601 of Regulation S-K).

3.1

3.2

31.1*

31.2*

32.1**

32.2**

101.INS*
XBRL Instance Document.

101.SCH*
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.

101.CAL*
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.


60


PART II—OTHER INFORMATION (continued)


101.LAB*
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document.

101.PRE*
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

101.DEF*
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.

____________

*
Filed herewith.

**
In accordance with Item 601(b)(32) of Regulation S-K, this Exhibit is not deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section. Such certifications will not be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except to the extent that the registrant specifically incorporates it by reference.




61


SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

 
 
Steadfast Income REIT, Inc.
 
Date:
May 10, 2019
By:  
/s/ Rodney F. Emery  
 
 
 
Rodney F. Emery 
 
 
 
Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board (Principal Executive Officer) 
 
 
 
 
Date:
May 10, 2019
By:  
/s/ Kevin J. Keating  
 
 
 
Kevin J. Keating 
 
 
 
Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) 


62