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0000950123-10-112751.txt : 20110131
0000950123-10-112751.hdr.sgml : 20110131
20101210140828
ACCESSION NUMBER: 0000950123-10-112751
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: POS AM
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 16
FILED AS OF DATE: 20101210
DATE AS OF CHANGE: 20101215
FILER:
COMPANY DATA:
COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: Steadfast Income REIT, Inc.
CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001468010
STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUSTS [6798]
IRS NUMBER: 270351641
STATE OF INCORPORATION: MD
FISCAL YEAR END: 1231
FILING VALUES:
FORM TYPE: POS AM
SEC ACT: 1933 Act
SEC FILE NUMBER: 333-160748
FILM NUMBER: 101244528
BUSINESS ADDRESS:
STREET 1: 18100 VON KARMAN AVE., SUITE 500
CITY: IRVINE
STATE: CA
ZIP: 92612
BUSINESS PHONE: 949-852-0700
MAIL ADDRESS:
STREET 1: 18100 VON KARMAN AVE., SUITE 500
CITY: IRVINE
STATE: CA
ZIP: 92612
FORMER COMPANY:
FORMER CONFORMED NAME: Steadfast REIT, Inc.
DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 20100202
FORMER COMPANY:
FORMER CONFORMED NAME: Steadfast Secure Income REIT, Inc.
DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 20090708
POS AM
1
g24875a2posam.htm
POS AM
posam
As filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission on December 10, 2010
Registration No. 333-160748
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND
EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C.
20549
Pre-Effective Amendment
No. 1
to
Post-Effective Amendment No. 1
to
Form S-11
FOR REGISTRATION
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF
1933
OF SECURITIES OF CERTAIN REAL
ESTATE COMPANIES
Steadfast Income REIT,
Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as
specified in its governing instruments)
18100 Von Karman
Avenue
Suite 500
Irvine, California
92612
(949) 852-0700
(Address, including zip code,
and telephone number, including area code, of registrants
principal executive offices)
Rodney F. Emery
Chief Executive
Officer
18100 Von Karman
Avenue
Suite 500
Irvine, California
92612
(949) 852-0700
(Name, address, including zip
code and telephone number, including area code, of agent for
service)
Copies to:
Rosemarie A. Thurston
Gustav F. Bahn
Alston & Bird LLP
1201 West Peachtree
Street
Atlanta, Georgia
30309
(404) 881-7000
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the
public: as soon as practicable after the
registration statement becomes effective.
If any of the securities being registered on this form are to be
offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to
Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933 check the
following
box: þ
If this form is filed to register additional securities for an
offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act of
1933, check the following box and list the Securities Act
registration statement number of the earlier effective
registration statement for the same
offering. o
If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to
Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following
box and list the Securities Act registration number of the
earlier effective registration statement for the same
offering. o
If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to
Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following
box and list the Securities Act registration number of the
earlier effective registration statement for the same
offering. o
If delivery of this prospectus is expected to be made pursuant
to Rule 434, check the following
box. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large
accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated
filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of
large accelerated filer, accelerated
filer and smaller reporting company in
Rule 12b-2
of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
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Large accelerated filer o
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Accelerated filer o
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Non-accelerated filer o
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
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Smaller reporting company þ
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The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on
such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective
date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which
specifically states that this Registration Statement shall
thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a)
of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the Registration
Statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities
and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said
Section 8(a), may determine.
This Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to Post-Effective
Amendment No. 1 consists of the following:
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1.
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The Registrants final form of Prospectus dated
July 9, 2010 (the Prospectus);
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2.
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Supplement No. 4 dated December 10, 2010 to the
Prospectus, included herewith, which supersedes and replaces all
prior supplements to the Prospectus and which will be delivered
as an unattached document along with the Prospectus;
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3.
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Part II, included herewith; and
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4.
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Signatures, included herewith.
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STEADFAST INCOME REIT,
INC.
$1,650,000,000 Maximum Offering
Steadfast Income REIT, Inc. is a newly formed Maryland
corporation that intends to own a diverse portfolio of real
estate investments focused primarily on the multifamily sector,
including stabilized, income-producing and value-added
properties. We will seek to acquire and actively manage our real
estate portfolio with the objective of providing a stable and
secure source of income for our stockholders and maximizing
potential returns upon disposition of our assets through capital
appreciation. In addition to multifamily properties, we may also
selectively invest in industrial properties, other types of
commercial properties and real estate-related assets such as
debt instruments. We are externally managed by Steadfast Income
Advisor, LLC, which we refer to as our advisor. We
intend to qualify as a real estate investment trust, or REIT,
for federal income tax purposes commencing with the taxable year
ending December 31, 2010.
We are offering up to $1,650,000,000 in shares of our common
stock. We will offer $1,500,000,000 in shares of our common
stock to the public at an initial price of $10.00 per share,
which we refer to as the primary offering. We will
also offer $150,000,000 in shares of our common stock to our
stockholders pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan at
an initial price of $9.50 per share. If we extend this offering
beyond two years from the date of its commencement, our board of
directors may, from time to time, in its sole discretion, change
the price at which we offer shares to the public in the primary
offering or pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan to
reflect changes in our estimated net asset value per share and
other factors that our board of directors deems relevant. If we
determine to change the price at which we offer shares, we do
not anticipate that we will do so more frequently than
quarterly. We reserve the right to reallocate the shares of our
common stock we are offering between the primary offering and
our distribution reinvestment plan.
This investment involves a high degree of risk. You should
purchase shares of our common stock only if you can afford a
complete loss of your investment. See Risk Factors
beginning on page 16. These risks include, among others:
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We have no prior operating history and there is no assurance
that we will be able to successfully achieve our investment
objectives.
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Because there is no public trading market for shares of our
common stock and we are not obligated to effectuate a liquidity
event by a certain date or at all, it will be difficult for you
to sell your shares of our common stock.
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The amount of distributions we may make is uncertain. Our
distributions may be paid from sources such as borrowings,
offering proceeds or advances and the deferral of fees and
expense reimbursements by our advisor, in its sole discretion.
We have not established a limit on the amount of proceeds from
this offering that we may use to fund distributions. Payment of
distributions from sources other than our cash flow from
operations would reduce the funds available to us for
investments in real properties and real estate-related assets,
which could reduce your overall return.
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The initial offering price of our shares of common stock was not
established based upon any appraisals of assets we own or may
own, and we do not intend to adjust the offering price based on
any such appraisals during the first two years of this offering;
therefore, the offering price may not accurately reflect the
value of our assets when you invest.
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Because this is a blind pool offering, you will not
have the opportunity to evaluate our investments prior to
purchasing shares of our common stock.
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We depend upon our advisor to conduct our operations. Our
advisor is a newly formed entity and its management does not
have significant experience operating a public company.
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All of our executive officers and some of our directors are also
officers, managers, directors
and/or
holders of a controlling interest in our advisor, the dealer
manager and other entities affiliated with us. As a result, they
will face conflicts of interest as a result of compensation
arrangements, time constraints and competition for investments,
which could result in actions that are not in your best
interests.
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We will pay substantial fees and expenses to our advisor, its
affiliates and broker-dealers which will increase your risk of
loss. These fees were not negotiated at arms length and
therefore may be higher than fees payable to unaffiliated
parties.
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This is the first public offering sold by the dealer manager.
Our ability to raise money and achieve our investment objectives
depends on the ability of the dealer manager to successfully
market our offering.
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Continued disruptions in the financial markets and deteriorating
economic conditions could have a material impact on our business.
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We may incur debt exceeding 75% of the cost of our tangible
assets with the approval of a majority of our independent
directors. High debt levels increase the risk of your investment.
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If we fail to qualify as a REIT, it would adversely affect our
operations and our ability to make distributions to our
stockholders and may have adverse tax consequences to our
stockholders.
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Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any other
regulatory body has approved or disapproved of these securities
or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete.
Neither the Attorney General of the State of New York nor the
Maryland Division of Securities has passed on or endorsed the
merits of this offering. Any representation to the contrary is a
criminal offense. The use of forecasts in this offering is
prohibited. Any representation to the contrary and any
predictions, written or oral, as to the amount or certainty of
any present or future cash benefit or tax consequence which may
flow from your investment in our common stock is prohibited. The
shares of common stock offered hereby are subject to certain
restrictions on transfer and ownership. See Description of
Common Stock.
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Sales
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Dealer
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Proceeds to Us
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Price to Public(1)
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Commission(1)(2)
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Manager Fee(1)(2)
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Before Expenses(1)(3)
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Primary Offering Per Share
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$
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10.00
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$
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0.65
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$
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0.35
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$
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9.00
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Total Maximum
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$
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1,500,000,000.00
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$
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97,500,000.00
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$
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52,500,000.00
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$
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1,350,000,000.00
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Distribution Reinvestment Plan Offering Per Share
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$
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9.50
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$
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$
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9.50
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Total Maximum
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$
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150,000,000.00
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$
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$
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150,000,000.00
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(1)
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Assumes we sell $1,500,000,000 in
the primary offering and $150,000,000 pursuant to our
distribution reinvestment plan.
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(2)
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Discounts are available for certain
categories of purchasers.
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(3)
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Proceeds are calculated before
reimbursing our advisor for organization and offering expenses.
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Our shares of common stock will be offered to investors on a
best efforts basis through Steadfast Capital Markets Group, LLC,
an affiliate of our advisor and the dealer manager of this
offering. The minimum initial investment amount is $4,000. We
expect to sell the shares of our common stock offered in the
primary offering over a two-year period. If we have not sold all
of the shares to be offered in the primary offering within two
years from the date of this prospectus, we may continue the
primary offering until July 9, 2013 (three years from the
date of this prospectus). If we decide to continue the primary
offering beyond two years from the date of this prospectus, we
will provide that information in a prospectus supplement. We may
terminate this offering at any time.
This prospectus is dated
July 9, 2010
SUITABILITY
STANDARDS
Our shares of common stock are suitable only as a long-term
investment for persons of adequate financial means. We do not
expect a public market for shares of our common stock will
develop, which means that it may be difficult for you to sell
your shares. On a limited basis, you may be able to have shares
of our common stock repurchased through our share repurchase
plan, and in the future we may also consider various forms of
additional liquidity. You should not buy shares of our common
stock if you will need to sell them quickly in the future.
In consideration of these factors, we have established
suitability standards for initial stockholders and subsequent
transferees. These suitability standards require that a
purchaser of shares of our common stock have either:
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a net worth (excluding the value of an investors home,
furnishings and automobiles) of at least $250,000; or
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a gross annual income of at least $70,000 and a net worth
(excluding the value of an investors home, furnishings and
automobiles) of at least $70,000.
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The following states have established suitability standards
different from those we have established. Shares will only be
sold to investors in these states who meet our suitability
standards set forth above, as well as the special suitability
standards set forth below.
Alabama In addition to meeting our
suitability standards listed above, Alabama investors must
represent that they have a liquid net worth of at least
10 times their investment in us and other similar programs
before investing in us.
Iowa An Iowa investor may not invest more
than 10% of his or her liquid net worth (exclusive of home, auto
and furnishings) in this program or its affiliates and must
otherwise meet our suitability standards.
Kansas It is recommended by the Office of the
Kansas Securities Commissioner that Kansas investors not invest,
in the aggregate, more than 10% of their liquid net worth in
this and similar direct participation investments. Liquid net
worth, as used in the preceding sentence, is defined as that
portion of net worth which consists of cash, cash equivalents
and readily marketable securities.
Kentucky and Michigan An investors
aggregate investment in this offering may not exceed 10% of the
investors liquid net worth.
Maine A Maine investors maximum
investment in us and our affiliates may not exceed 10% of such
investors net worth.
Nebraska A Nebraska investor must have either
(1) a minimum net worth of $100,000 (exclusive of home,
auto and furnishings) and an annual income of at least $70,000,
or (2) a minimum net worth of $350,000. In addition, the
total investment in us must not exceed 10% of the
investors net worth (exclusive of home, auto and
furnishings).
Ohio An Ohio investors investment in us
and our affiliates may not exceed 10% of such investors
liquid net worth.
Oregon An Oregon investors investment
in this offering may not exceed 10% of such investors net
worth.
Tennessee Due to minimum offering
requirements, this offering is currently not available to
residents of Tennessee.
In the case of sales to fiduciary accounts (such as an
individual retirement account, or IRA, Keogh plan or pension or
profit sharing plan), these suitability standards must be met by
the fiduciary account, by the person who directly or indirectly
supplied the funds for the purchase of the shares of our common
stock or by the beneficiary of the account.
Our sponsor, those selling shares on our behalf and
participating broker-dealers and registered investment advisors
recommending the purchase of shares in this offering must make
every reasonable effort to determine that the purchase of shares
in this offering is a suitable and appropriate investment for
each stockholder based on information provided by the
stockholder regarding the stockholders financial situation
and investment objectives. See Plan of
Distribution Suitability Standards for a
detailed discussion of the determinations regarding suitability
that we require.
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HOW TO
SUBSCRIBE
Investors who meet the suitability standards described herein
may purchase shares of our common stock. See Suitability
Standards and Plan of Distribution. Investors
seeking to purchase shares of our common stock should:
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Read this entire prospectus and any supplements accompanying
this prospectus.
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Complete the execution copy of the subscription agreement. A
specimen copy of the subscription agreement, including
instructions for completing it, is included in this prospectus
as Appendix B.
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Deliver a check for the full purchase price of the shares of our
common stock being subscribed for along with the completed
subscription agreement to your registered selling representative
or investment advisor.
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Your check should be made payable to Steadfast Income
REIT, Inc.
By executing the subscription agreement and paying the total
purchase price for the shares of our common stock subscribed
for, each investor agrees that if there are any material changes
to their financial condition, such investors will promptly
notify us.
Subscriptions will be effective only upon our acceptance, and we
reserve the right to reject any subscription in whole or in
part. Subscriptions will be accepted or rejected within
30 days of receipt by us, and if rejected, all funds will
be returned to subscribers without deduction for any expenses
within 10 business days from the date the subscription is
rejected. We are not permitted to accept a subscription for
shares of our common stock until at least five business days
after the date you receive the final prospectus.
An approved trustee must process and forward to us subscriptions
made through IRAs, Keogh plans and 401(k) plans. In the case of
investments through IRAs, Keogh plans and 401(k) plans, we will
send the confirmation and notice of our acceptance to the
trustee.
Minimum
Purchase Requirements
You must initially invest at least $4,000 in our shares to be
eligible to participate in this offering. In order to satisfy
this minimum purchase requirement, unless otherwise prohibited
by state law, a husband and wife may jointly contribute funds
from their separate IRAs, provided that each such contribution
is made in increments of $100. You should note that an
investment in shares of our common stock will not, in and of
itself, create a retirement plan and that, in order to create a
retirement plan, you must comply with all applicable provisions
of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the
Internal Revenue Code. If you have satisfied the applicable
minimum purchase requirement, any additional purchase must be in
amounts of at least $100, except for shares purchased pursuant
to our distribution reinvestment plan which are not subject to
any minimum investment requirements.
Investments
by Qualified Accounts
Funds from qualified accounts will be accepted if received in
installments that together meet the minimum or subsequent
investment amount, as applicable, so long as the total
subscription amount was indicated on the subscription agreement
and all funds are received within a
90-day
period.
Investments
through IRA Accounts
Pershing, LLC has agreed to act as an IRA custodian for
purchasers of our common stock who would like to purchase shares
through an IRA account and desire to establish a new IRA account
for that purpose. Investors will be responsible for the annual
IRA maintenance fees. Further information about custodial
services is available through your broker-dealer or through the
dealer manager at 1-888-367-2563.
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IMPORTANT
INFORMATION ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS
Please carefully read the information in this prospectus and any
accompanying prospectus supplements, which we refer to
collectively as the prospectus. You should rely only
on the information contained in this prospectus. We have not
authorized anyone to provide you with different information.
This prospectus may only be used where it is legal to sell these
securities. You should not assume that the information contained
in this prospectus is accurate as of any date later than the
date hereof or such other dates as are stated herein or as of
the respective dates of any documents or other information
incorporated herein by reference.
This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we
filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC,
using a continuous offering process. Periodically, as we make
material investments or have other material developments, we
will provide a prospectus supplement that may add, update or
change information contained in this prospectus. Any statement
that we make in this prospectus will be modified or superseded
by any inconsistent statement made by us in a subsequent
prospectus supplement. The registration statement we filed with
the SEC includes exhibits that provide more detailed
descriptions of the matters discussed in this prospectus. You
should read this prospectus and the related exhibits filed with
the SEC and any prospectus supplement, together with additional
information described herein under Additional
Information.
The registration statement containing this prospectus, including
exhibits to the registration statement, provides additional
information about us and the securities offered under this
prospectus. The registration statement can be read at the SEC
website, www.sec.gov, or at the SEC public reference room
mentioned under the heading Additional Information.
iii
INDUSTRY
AND MARKET DATA
Certain market and industry data used in this prospectus has
been obtained from independent industry sources and publications
and third party sources as well as from research reports
prepared for other purposes.
Any forecasts prepared by such sources are based on data
(including third party data), models, and the experience of
various professionals, and are based on various assumptions, all
of which are subject to change without notice. Forecasts and
other forward-looking information obtained from these sources
are subject to the same qualifications and additional
uncertainties as other forward-looking statements included in
this prospectus.
The information provided by these industry sources should not be
construed to sponsor, endorse, offer or promote an investment,
nor does it constitute any representation or warranty, express
or implied, regarding the advisability of an investment in
shares of our common stock or the legality of an investment in
shares of our common stock under appropriate laws.
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TABLE OF
CONTENTS
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i
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ii
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iii
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iv
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vi
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1
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16
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44
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55
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100
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110
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127
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164
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164
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164
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F-1
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A-1
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B-1
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C-1
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EX-21 |
EX-23.1 |
v
QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS ABOUT THIS OFFERING
Set forth below are some of the more frequently asked questions
and answers relating to our structure, our management and an
offering of this type.
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What is a REIT? |
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In general, a real estate investment trust, or REIT, is a
company that: |
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offers the benefits of a diversified real estate
portfolio under professional management;
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is required to make distributions to investors of at
least 90% of its taxable income for each year;
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avoids the federal double taxation
treatment of income that generally results from investments in a
corporation because a REIT is not generally subject to federal
corporate income taxes on the portion of its net income that is
distributed to the REITs stockholders; and
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combines the capital of many investors to acquire or
provide financing for real estate assets.
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How will you structure the ownership and operation of your
assets? |
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We plan to own substantially all of our assets and conduct our
operations through Steadfast Income REIT Operating Partnership,
L.P., a Delaware limited partnership organized in July 2009,
which we refer to as our operating partnership. We
are the sole general partner of our operating partnership and,
as of the date of this prospectus, our affiliate, Steadfast
Income Advisor, LLC, is the sole limited partner of our
operating partnership. We will present our financial statements
on a consolidated basis with our operating partnership. Our
operating partnership will not file a federal income tax return.
All items of income, gain, deduction (including depreciation),
loss and credit will flow through our operating partnership to
us as our operating partnership will be disregarded for federal
tax purposes. These tax items will not generally flow through us
to our investors. Rather, our net income and net capital gain
will effectively flow through us to our stockholders when
dividends are paid to our stockholders. Because we will conduct
substantially all of our operations through an operating
partnership, we are organized in what is referred to as an
UPREIT structure. |
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What is an UPREIT? |
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UPREIT stands for Umbrella Partnership Real Estate Investment
Trust. We use the UPREIT structure because a contribution of
property directly to us is generally a taxable transaction to
the contributing property owner. In contrast, a contributor of a
property who desires to defer taxable gain on the transfer of
his or her property may transfer the property to our operating
partnership in exchange for limited partnership interests and
defer taxation of gain until the contributor later disposes of
his or her limited partnership interests. We believe that using
an UPREIT structure gives us an advantage in acquiring desired
properties from persons who may not otherwise sell their
properties because of unfavorable tax results. |
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Why should I consider an investment in commercial real
estate? |
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Allocating some portion of your investment portfolio to
commercial real estate investments may provide you with
(1) portfolio diversification, (2) a reduction of
overall portfolio risk, (3) a hedge against inflation,
(4) a stable level of income relative to more traditional
asset classes like stocks and bonds and (5) attractive
risk-adjusted returns. For these reasons, commercial real estate
has been embraced as a major asset class for purposes of asset
allocations within investment portfolios. |
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Q: |
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Who might benefit from an investment in our shares? |
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A: |
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An investment in our shares may be beneficial for you if you
meet the minimum suitability standards described in this
prospectus, seek to diversify your personal portfolio with a
REIT investment focused on investments in high quality
multifamily properties and other real estate and real
estate-related assets, seek to receive current income, seek to
preserve capital, seek to realize potential capital appreciation
in the value of your investment and are able to hold your
investment for a time period consistent with our liquidity
strategy. On the other hand, we caution persons who require
immediate liquidity or guaranteed income, or who seek a
short-term investment, that an investment in our shares will not
meet those needs. |
vi
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Q: |
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Do you currently have any shares outstanding? |
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A: |
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Yes. Our sponsor has invested $200,007 in us through the
purchase of 22,223 shares of our common stock, and our
advisor has contributed $1,000 in exchange for 1,000 shares
of our convertible stock. In addition, on October 13, 2009,
we commenced a private offering of up to $94,000,000 in shares
of our common stock, subject to an option to increase the
offering by up to $18,800,000 in shares of our common stock, at
a purchase price of $9.40 per share (with discounts available
for certain categories of purchasers), which we refer to as the
private offering. We are offering shares of our
common stock for sale in the private offering pursuant to a
confidential private placement memorandum and only to persons
that are accredited investors, as that term is
defined under the Securities Act and Regulation D
promulgated thereunder. As of June 8, 2010, we had received
aggregate gross offering proceeds, net of certain discounts, of
approximately $3,498,366 from the sale of approximately
381,195 shares in the private offering. We intend to
terminate the private offering upon the commencement of this
offering. |
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Q: |
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Do you currently own any assets? |
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A: |
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No. This offering is a blind pool offering in
that we have not yet identified any specific real estate assets
to acquire using the proceeds of this offering. As a result, you
will not have the opportunity to evaluate our investments prior
to purchasing shares of our common stock. If we are delayed or
unable to find suitable investments, we may not be able to
achieve our investment objectives. |
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Q: |
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Will you provide stockholders with information concerning the
estimated value of their shares of common stock? |
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A: |
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Yes, we will publicly disclose an estimated net asset value per
share of our common stock every six months beginning no later
than six months following the completion of our offering stage
(as defined below). Our estimated net asset value per share will
be determined by our advisor and approved by our board of
directors based upon periodic valuations of all of our assets by
independent third party appraisers and qualified independent
valuation experts selected by our advisor. We will consider our
offering stage complete on the first date that we are no longer
publicly offering equity securities that are not listed on a
national securities exchange, whether through this offering or
follow-on public equity offerings, provided we have not filed a
registration statement for a follow-on public equity offering as
of such date (for purposes of this definition, we do not
consider public equity offerings to include
offerings on behalf of selling stockholders or offerings related
to a distribution reinvestment plan, employee benefit plan or
the redemption of interests in our operating partnership). For
more information on how we intend to determine our estimated net
asset value per share, see Description of Capital
Stock Estimated Net Asset Value Per Share. Our
estimated net asset value per share may not be indicative of the
price our stockholders would receive if they sold our shares in
an arms-length transaction, if our shares were actively traded
or if we were liquidated. |
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Q: |
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How long will this offering last? |
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A: |
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We expect to sell the shares of our common stock offered in the
primary offering over a two year period. If we have not sold all
of the shares to be offered in the primary offering within two
years from the date of this prospectus, we may continue the
primary offering until July 9, 2013 (three years from the
date of this prospectus). Under rules promulgated by the SEC, in
some circumstances we could continue the primary offering until
as late as January 15, 2014. If we decide to continue the
primary offering beyond two years from the date of this
prospectus, we will provide that information in a prospectus
supplement. In many states, we will need to renew the
registration statement or file a new registration statement to
continue this offering beyond one year from the date of this
prospectus. We may terminate this offering at any time. |
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If our board of directors determines that it is in our best
interest, we may conduct follow-on offerings upon the
termination of this offering. Our charter does not restrict our
ability to conduct offerings in the future. |
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Q: |
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Will I receive a stock certificate? |
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A: |
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No. You will not receive a stock certificate unless
expressly authorized by our board of directors. We anticipate
that all shares of our common stock will be issued in book-entry
form only. The use of
book-entry
registration protects against loss, theft or destruction of
stock certificates and reduces the offering costs. |
vii
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Q: |
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Who can buy shares of common stock in this offering? |
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A: |
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In general, you may buy shares of our common stock pursuant to
this prospectus provided that you have either (1) a net
worth of at least $70,000 and an annual gross income of at least
$70,000 or (2) a net worth of at least $250,000. For this
purpose, net worth does not include your home, home furnishings
and personal automobiles. Please see the more detailed
description under Suitability Standards above. |
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Q: |
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Are there any special restrictions on the ownership of
shares? |
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A: |
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Yes. Our charter prohibits the ownership of more than 9.8% in
value of our outstanding capital stock (which includes common
stock and preferred stock we may issue) and more than 9.8% in
value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of our
outstanding common stock, unless exempted by our board of
directors. This prohibition may discourage large investors from
purchasing our shares and may limit your ability to transfer
your shares. To comply with tax rules applicable to REITs, we
will require our record holders to provide us with detailed
information regarding the beneficial ownership of our shares on
an annual basis. These restrictions are designed, among other
purposes, to enable us to comply with the ownership restrictions
imposed on REITs by the Internal Revenue Code. See
Description of Capital Stock Restriction on
Ownership of Shares of Capital Stock. |
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Is there any minimum initial investment required? |
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A: |
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Yes. To purchase shares of common stock in this offering, you
must make an initial purchase of at least $4,000 in shares. Once
you have satisfied the minimum initial purchase requirement, any
additional purchases of our shares of common stock in this
offering must be in amounts of at least $100, except for
additional purchases pursuant to our distribution reinvestment
plan which are not subject to any minimum investment requirement. |
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Q: |
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If I buy shares of common stock in this offering, how may I
later sell them? |
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A: |
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At the time you purchase the shares of our common stock, the
shares will not be listed for trading on any national securities
exchange, and we do not expect that a public market for our
shares will develop. As a result, if you wish to sell your
shares, you may not be able to do so promptly, or at all, or you
may only be able to sell them at a substantial discount from the
price you paid. In general, however, you may sell your shares to
any buyer that meets the applicable suitability standards unless
such sale would cause the buyer to own more than 9.8% of the
value of our then outstanding capital stock (which includes
common stock and any preferred stock we may issue) or more than
9.8% of the value or number of shares, whichever is more
restrictive, of our then outstanding common stock, and if such
sale does not violate the federal securities laws. See
Suitability Standards and Description of
Capital Stock Restriction on Ownership of Shares of
Capital Stock. In addition, we have adopted a share
repurchase plan, as discussed under Description of Capital
Stock Share Repurchase Plan, which may provide
limited liquidity for some of our stockholders. |
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Q: |
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What information about your portfolio of real estate
investments do you intend to provide to stockholders? |
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A: |
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Our charter requires that we prepare an annual report and
deliver it to our stockholders 120 days after the end of
each fiscal year. Additionally, we must update this prospectus
upon the occurrence of certain events, such as material asset
acquisitions, pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act
of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act. We are also subject
to the informational reporting requirements of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, and,
accordingly, we will file annual reports, quarterly reports,
proxy statements and other information with the SEC. We will
directly provide to our stockholders our periodic updates,
including prospectus supplements and annual and quarterly
reports. |
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In addition to providing information mandated by our charter and
the federal securities laws, we intend to post on our website at
www.SteadfastREITs.com, and file with the SEC, certain
monthly operational data each month with respect to each real
property in our portfolio. We believe that posting this
additional operational data will benefit stockholders by
consistently providing current information and greater
transparency with respect to the performance of our investments. |
viii
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Q: |
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Will the distributions I receive be taxable? |
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A: |
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Distributions that you receive, including the market value of
our common stock received pursuant to our distribution
reinvestment plan, will generally be taxed as ordinary income to
the extent they are paid out of our current or accumulated
earnings and profits. However, if we recognize a long-term
capital gain upon the sale of one of our assets, a portion of
our distributions may be designated and treated as a
long-term
capital gain. In addition, we expect that some portion of your
distributions may not be subject to tax in the year received due
to the fact that depreciation expenses reduce earnings and
profits but do not reduce cash available for distribution.
Amounts distributed to you in excess of our earnings and profits
will reduce the tax basis of your shares of common stock and
will not be taxable to the extent thereof, and distributions in
excess of tax basis will be taxable as an amount realized from
the sale of your shares of common stock. This, in effect, would
defer a portion of your tax until your investment is sold or we
are liquidated, at which time you may be taxed at capital gains
rates. However, because each investors tax considerations
are different, we suggest that you consult with your tax advisor. |
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Q: |
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When will I get my detailed tax information? |
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A: |
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We intend to mail your Form 1099 tax information, if
required, by January 31 of each year. |
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Q: |
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Will I be notified of how my investment is doing? |
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A: |
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Yes, we will provide you with periodic updates on the
performance of your investment in us, including: |
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an annual report;
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supplements to the prospectus, provided quarterly
during the primary offering; and
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three quarterly financial reports.
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We will provide this information to you via one or more of the
following methods, in our discretion and with your consent, if
necessary: |
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U.S. mail or other courier;
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facsimile;
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electronic delivery; or
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posting on our web site at
www.SteadfastREITs.com.
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Q: |
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Who can answer my questions? |
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A: |
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If you have additional questions about this offering or if you
would like additional copies of this prospectus, you should
contact your registered selling representative or: |
Steadfast Capital Markets Group, LLC
18100 Von Karman Avenue
Suite 500
Irvine, California 92612
(949) 852-0700
Attention: Investor Relations
ix
PROSPECTUS
SUMMARY
This summary highlights selected information contained
elsewhere in this prospectus. Because it is a summary, it may
not contain all of the information that is important to you. To
understand this offering fully, you should read the entire
prospectus carefully, including the Risk Factors
section, before making an investment decision. The use of the
words we, us or our refers
to Steadfast Income REIT, Inc. and its subsidiaries, including
the operating partnership, except where the context otherwise
requires. References to shares and our common
stock refer to the shares of common stock of Steadfast
Income REIT, Inc.
Steadfast
Income REIT, Inc.
We were formed as a Maryland corporation in May 2009 to own a
diverse portfolio of real estate investments located throughout
the United States, primarily in the multifamily sector. In
addition to our focus on multifamily properties, we may also
selectively invest in industrial properties and other types of
commercial properties. Further, we may acquire or originate
mortgage, mezzanine, bridge, commercial real estate and other
real estate loans as well as securities of other real estate
companies, which we collectively refer to as real
estate-related assets.
We intend to operate in a manner that will allow us to qualify
as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, under the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Internal Revenue Code,
commencing with the taxable year ending December 31, 2010.
Our office is located at 18100 Von Karman Avenue,
Suite 500, Irvine, California 92612, and our main telephone
number is
(949) 852-0700.
Our website is www.SteadfastREITs.com.
Investment
Objectives
Our investment objectives are to:
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preserve, protect and return invested capital;
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pay attractive and stable cash distributions to
stockholders; and
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realize capital appreciation in the value of our investments
over the long term.
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Investment
Strategy
We will use the net proceeds of this offering to invest in a
diverse portfolio of real estate investments located throughout
the United States, primarily in the multifamily sector. We will
seek to acquire and actively manage stabilized, income-producing
and value-added properties, with the objective of providing a
stable and secure source of income for our stockholders and
maximizing potential returns upon disposition of our assets
through capital appreciation. In addition to our focus on
multifamily properties, we may also selectively invest in
industrial properties and other types of commercial properties
and real estate-related assets. We may make these investments
directly or through joint ventures, in each case provided that
the underlying real estate or real estate-related asset
generally meets our criteria for direct investment.
We believe that the recent downturn in the commercial real
estate market has provided an opportunity for us to purchase
these types of investment properties at historically low prices
during the period in which we will be investing the net proceeds
of this offering, thereby enhancing our ability to realize
substantial appreciation on the ultimate disposition of the
properties. As a result, we believe that we will be able to
identify undervalued investments at attractive capitalization
rates in order to realize higher risk-adjusted returns than have
been available from commercial real estate properties acquired
in recent years. We believe desirable investment opportunities
will be more prevalent during this period than historical norms
due to the lack of available credit preventing many property
owners from refinancing existing debt. We intend to target
distressed sellers of properties in which the fundamental
attributes of the underlying property remain sound. We also
believe that the current credit market conditions provide us
with unique opportunities to acquire first mortgage, mezzanine
and bridge loans secured by these types of well-performing
investment properties at a discount to their par value in order
to realize predictable income and attractive overall rates of
returns. We
1
believe that the multifamily and industrial sectors of the
commercial real estate property market will present compelling
opportunities for investments that align with our investment
objectives due to the supply and demand dynamics expected to
arise in those sectors during the investment and operational
stages of our business. For more information on the multifamily
and industrial sectors, see Multifamily and Industrial
Property Market Overview.
After we have invested substantially all of our offering
proceeds, we expect that multifamily properties will comprise
between 55% and 75% of the aggregate cost of our portfolio;
industrial properties will comprise between 20% and 30% of the
aggregate cost of our portfolio; and a combination of real
estate-related assets and other investment types will not exceed
25% of the aggregate cost of our portfolio. Our board of
directors may revise this targeted portfolio allocation from
time to time, or at any time, if it determines that a different
portfolio composition is in our stockholders best
interests.
Our
Sponsor
Our sponsor, Steadfast REIT Investments, LLC, was formed as a
Delaware limited liability company in May 2009. Steadfast REIT
Investments is controlled by Rodney F. Emery. Mr. Emery is
the founder of Steadfast Companies, a group of integrated real
estate investment, management and development companies that we
refer to as Steadfast Companies. Steadfast
Companies corporate offices are located in Orange County,
California and it has over 400 professional staff in the United
States and Mexico.
Since its organization in 1994, Steadfast Companies has
acquired, refurbished
and/or
developed over 20,000 multifamily units and more than
5.2 million square feet of industrial, office and retail
space. Steadfast Companies currently owns
and/or
operates over 14,500 multifamily units, five retail shopping
malls, three resort hotel properties in Mexico and various other
commercial real estate developments. In 2009 Steadfast Capital
Markets Group was launched to leverage Steadfast Companies
experience and track record in order to further capitalize on
opportunities in commercial real estate for the benefit of
investors.
Steadfast Companies is best described by its development and
progression into a diverse and multifaceted real estate
investment management company. The foundation of Steadfast
Companies is based on its five core values: Proceed With
Integrity; Value People; Embrace Opportunity;
Pursue Excellence; and Do Good as We Do Well.
Adherence to these core values has resulted in the growth of an
organization that is able to quickly evaluate and pursue
investment opportunities in real estate, and add value through
the management and oversight of those investments. Over the last
15 years, Steadfast Companies investment philosophy
and core values have allowed it to develop strong relationships
with institutional investors, lending institutions, national
tenants and industry partners.
Steadfast Companies operates properties in four core divisions:
Commercial Properties, Business Properties, Resort Properties
and Residential Properties. Steadfast Residential Properties
division, under the direction of R. Kyle Winning, is the largest
group within Steadfast Companies. The division owns, operates
and/or
manages more than 14,500 multifamily units in 18 states
across the U.S. These properties were acquired and
renovated or newly constructed by Steadfast Companies with the
assistance of private and public-sector funding, as well as
through tax-exempt bond financing and low income housing tax
credits.
Steadfast Companies Commercial Properties and Business
Properties divisions have extensive experience with the
acquisition and development of industrial and other commercial
properties, and have acquired
and/or
developed approximately 4.5 million square feet of
industrial and other commercial properties.
In addition to its four real estate investment divisions,
Steadfast Companies includes property management and
construction entities, including Steadfast Management Company,
Inc., which serves as the property manager for Steadfast
Companies properties. Steadfast Management Company, Inc.
or another affiliate of our sponsor will serve as the property
manager for our real properties. We refer to Steadfast
Management Company, Inc. and any other affiliate of our sponsor
that serves as a property manager for our real properties as our
property manager, and collectively, as our
property managers. Steadfast Companies team of
property management professionals are experienced and equipped
to handle issues at our properties. Aside from the
day-to-day
management of the real estate, the professional staffs
capabilities include, but are
2
not limited to: lease administration, tenant improvement, vendor
management, risk management, affordable housing compliance,
accounting, and fund management.
Our
Advisor
Steadfast Income Advisor, LLC, a Delaware limited liability
company and our advisor, is a subsidiary of our sponsor
organized in May 2009. Our advisors management team is led
by Rodney F. Emery, who has over 35 years experience in
commercial real estate and asset management. For more
information on the expertise of our advisors management
team, see Management Our Advisor. We
will rely on our advisor to manage our
day-to-day
activities and to implement our investment strategy. In
addition, our advisor will use its best efforts, subject to the
oversight, review and approval of our board of directors, to,
among other things, research, identify, review and make
investments in and dispositions of our assets on our behalf
consistent with our investment objectives and strategy. Our
advisor will also provide investment management, marketing,
investor relations and other administrative services on our
behalf with the goal of maximizing our operating cash flow.
Our advisor performs its duties and responsibilities as our
fiduciary under an advisory agreement. The advisory agreement,
which was executed and became effective on September 28,
2009, was subsequently amended and restated on May 4, 2010,
the advisory agreement. The term of the advisory
agreement is for one year, subject to renewals by our board of
directors for an unlimited number of successive one-year
periods. Each of our officers and one member of our board of
directors, Mr. Emery, are officers of our advisor. Biographical
information regarding our directors and officers is set forth
under Management Directors and Executive
Officers.
Our Board
of Directors
We operate under the direction of our board of directors, the
members of which are accountable to us and our stockholders as
fiduciaries. Our board of directors is responsible for the
management and control of our affairs. We have four members on
our board of directors, three of whom are independent of us, our
advisor and its affiliates. A majority of our independent
directors will be required to review and approve all matters our
board of directors believes may involve a conflict of interest
between us and our advisor or its affiliates. Our directors will
be elected annually by our stockholders.
Our
Operating Partnership
We intend to own all of our investments through Steadfast Income
REIT Operating Partnership, L.P., which we refer to as our
operating partnership, or its subsidiaries. We are
the sole general partner of our operating partnership, and our
advisor is the initial limited partner.
Our
Affiliates
Various affiliates of ours are involved in this offering and our
operations. Steadfast Capital Markets Group, LLC, an affiliate
of our sponsor and a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory
Authority, Inc., or FINRA, is the dealer manager for this
offering and will provide dealer manager services to us in this
offering. For more information regarding our advisor and dealer
manager, see the Management section of this
prospectus. Steadfast Management Company, Inc., an affiliate of
our advisor, or another affiliate of our sponsor will perform
property management services for us and our operating
partnership. We refer to our advisor, our property managers and
other affiliates of our sponsor, each as a Steadfast
affiliate and collectively as Steadfast
affiliates.
3
Our
Structure
The chart below shows the relationships among our company and
various Steadfast affiliates.
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(1) |
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As we accept subscriptions for shares of our common stock, we
will transfer substantially all of the net offering proceeds to
our operating partnership in exchange for limited partnership
interests and our percentage ownership in our operating
partnership will increase proportionately. |
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(2) |
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Certain officers and employees of our sponsor and its affiliates
own profit interests in each of the managing dealer and advisor
that entitles them to a portion of the net profits earned by
each such entity after all invested capital and a preferred
return on invested capital are distributed to Steadfast REIT
Holdings, LLC and Steadfast REIT Investments, LLC, respectively. |
4
Terms of
the Offering
We are offering up to $1,650,000,000 in shares of our common
stock, $1,500,000,000 of which will be offered to the public in
our primary offering, and $150,000,000 of which will be offered
pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan. We will offer
shares to the public in the primary offering at an initial
purchase price of $10.00 per share. Shares of our common stock
will be issued to our stockholders pursuant to our distribution
reinvestment plan at an initial price of $9.50 per share. We
reserve the right to reallocate the shares of common stock we
are offering between the primary offering and our distribution
reinvestment plan. This is a best efforts offering, which means
that our dealer manager and the participating broker-dealers
will use their best efforts to sell our shares of common stock,
but are not required to sell any specific amount of our shares
of common stock.
If we extend this offering beyond two years from the date of its
commencement, our board of directors may, in its sole
discretion, from time to time, change the price at which we
offer shares to the public in the primary offering or pursuant
to our distribution reinvestment plan to reflect changes in our
estimated net asset value per share and other factors that our
board of directors deems relevant. If we determine to change the
price at which we offer our shares, we do not anticipate that we
will do so more frequently than quarterly. Our advisor will
calculate our estimated net asset value per share by dividing
our net asset value by the number of shares of our common stock
outstanding. Our net asset value will be determined by
subtracting (1) our liabilities, including the accrued fees
and other expenses attributable to this offering and our
operations, from (2) our assets, which will consist almost
entirely of the value of our interest in our operating
partnership. The value of our operating partnership is the
excess of the fair value of its assets (including real estate
properties, real estate-related assets and other investments)
over the fair value of its liabilities (including debt and the
expenses attributable to its operations), as determined by our
advisor. See Description of Capital Stock
Estimated Net Asset Value Per Share.
If we revise the price at which we offer our shares of common
stock based upon changes in our estimated net asset value per
share prior to the completion of our offering stage (as defined
below), our estimated net asset value per share will be
calculated by our advisor based upon current available
information which may include valuations of our assets obtained
by independent third party appraisers and qualified independent
valuation experts. We will consider our offering stage complete
on the first date that we are no longer publicly offering equity
securities that are not listed on a national securities
exchange, whether through this offering or follow-on public
equity offerings, provided we have not filed a registration
statement for a follow-on public equity offering as of such date
(for purposes of this definition, we do not consider
public equity offerings to include offerings on
behalf of selling stockholders or offerings related to a
distribution reinvestment plan, employee benefit plan or the
redemption of interests in our operating partnership).
In the event that we revise the offering price in the primary
offering or pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan, we
will disclose the factors considered by our board of directors
in determining such revised offering price in a supplement to
this prospectus. We have no obligation to adjust the price of
our shares and any adjustment to the price at which we offer
shares to the public in the primary offering or pursuant to our
distribution reinvestment plan will be made in the sole and
absolute discretion of our board of directors. The adjusted
offering price may not be indicative of the price our
stockholders would receive if they sold our shares in an
arms-length transaction, if our shares were actively traded or
if we were liquidated.
Summary
Risk Factors
An investment in shares of our common stock involves significant
risks, including those described below.
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We have no prior operating history and there is no assurance
that we will be able to successfully achieve our investment
objectives.
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There is no minimum offering amount for this offering. As a
result, we may immediately use investors funds as
described in this prospectus, and the amount of proceeds we
raise in our private offering and this offering may be
substantially less than the amount we would need to achieve a
broadly diversified property portfolio.
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Because there is no public trading market for our shares and we
are not required to effectuate a liquidity event by a certain
date, or at all, it will be difficult for you to sell your
shares. If you are able to sell your shares, you will likely
sell them at a substantial discount.
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There are restrictions and limitations on your ability to have
all or any portion of your shares of our common stock
repurchased under our share repurchase plan, and, if you are
able to have your shares repurchased, it may be at a price that
is less than the price you paid for the shares and the
then-current value of the shares.
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The amount of distributions we may make is uncertain. Our
distributions may be paid from sources such as borrowings,
offering proceeds or advances and the deferral of fees and
expense reimbursements by our advisor, in its sole discretion.
We have not established a limit on the amount of proceeds from
this offering that we may use to fund distributions. Payment of
distributions from sources other than our cash flow from
operations would reduce the funds available to us for
investments in real properties and real
estate-related
assets, which could reduce your overall return.
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The initial offering price of our shares of common stock was not
established based upon any appraisals of assets we own or may
own and we do not intend to adjust the offering price based on
any such appraisals during the first two years of this offering;
therefore, the offering price may not accurately reflect the
value of our assets when you invest.
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Because this is a blind pool offering, you will not
have the opportunity to evaluate our investments prior to
purchasing shares of our common stock.
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We depend upon our advisor to select our investments and to
conduct our operations. Our advisor is a newly formed entity and
its management does not have significant experience operating a
public company.
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All of our executive officers and some of our directors are also
officers, managers, directors
and/or
holders of a controlling interest in our advisor, the dealer
manager and other entities affiliated with us. As a result, they
will face conflicts of interest as a result of compensation
arrangements, time constraints and competition for investments.
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This is the first public offering sold by the dealer manager.
Our ability to raise money and achieve our investment objectives
depends on the ability of the dealer manager to successfully
market our offering. If we raise substantially less than the
maximum offering amount, we may not be able to invest in a
diverse portfolio of assets and the value of your investment may
vary more widely with the performance of specific investments.
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We will pay substantial fees and expenses to our advisor, its
affiliates and broker-dealers which will increase your risk of
loss. These fees were not negotiated at arms length and
therefore may be higher than fees payable to unaffiliated third
parties.
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We may incur substantial debt which may exceed 300% of our net
assets, or approximately 75% of the aggregate cost of our
assets, in certain circumstances. Our use of leverage increases
the risk of your investment. Loans we obtain may be
collateralized by some or all of our investments, which will put
those investments at risk of forfeiture if we are unable to pay
our debts. Principal and interest payments on these loans reduce
the amount of money that would otherwise be available for other
purposes.
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We are subject to risks associated with the liquidity problems
occurring in the United States credit markets. Volatility in the
debt markets could affect our ability to obtain financing for
investments or other activities related to real estate assets
and the diversification or value of our portfolio, potentially
reducing cash available for distribution to our stockholders or
our ability to make investments.
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If we fail to qualify as a REIT, it would adversely affect our
operations and our ability to make distributions to our
stockholders because we will be subject to U.S. federal
income tax at regular corporate rates with no ability to deduct
distributions made to our stockholders.
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6
Compensation
to Our Advisor and Its Affiliates
Our advisor and its affiliates will receive compensation for
services related to this offering and for the acquisition,
management and disposition of our assets, subject to review and
approval of our independent directors. Set forth below is a
summary of the fees and expenses we expect to pay our advisor
and its affiliates, including the dealer manager, assuming we
sell the midpoint of $750,000,000 and the maximum of
$1,500,000,000 in shares in the primary offering and there are
no discounts in the price per share. In certain circumstances,
our obligation to pay some or all of the fees due to the advisor
pursuant to the advisory agreement will be deferred. See
Management Compensation for a more detailed
explanation of the fees and expenses payable to our advisor and
its affiliates.
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Type of Compensation
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Estimated Amount if
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and Recipient
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Determination of Amount
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Midpoint/Maximum Sold
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Organizational and Offering Stage
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Sales Commission
Dealer Manager
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6.5% of gross offering proceeds from the sale of shares in the primary offering (all of which will be reallowed to participating broker-dealers), subject to reductions based on volume and for certain categories of purchasers. No sales commissions will be paid for sales pursuant to the distribution reinvestment plan.
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$48,750,000/$97,500,000
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Dealer Manager Fee
Dealer Manager
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3.5% of gross offering proceeds from the sale of shares (a portion of which will be reallowed to participating broker-dealers). No dealer manager fee will be paid for sales pursuant to the distribution reinvestment plan.
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$26,250,000/$52,500,000
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Organization and Offering
Expenses Advisor and
Affiliates
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To date, our advisor has paid organization and offering expenses
on our behalf. We will reimburse our advisor for these costs and
future organization and offering costs it may incur on our
behalf, but only to the extent that the reimbursement would not
cause the sales commissions, the dealer manager fee and the
other organization and offering expenses borne by us to exceed
15% of the gross proceeds from the primary offering as of the
date of the reimbursement. We expect organization and offering
expenses (other than sales commissions and the dealer manager
fee) to be approximately 1.25% of the gross proceeds from the
primary offering if we raise the midpoint or the maximum
offering amount.
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$9,375,000/$18,750,000
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Operational Stage
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Acquisition Fees Advisor
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2.0% of (1) the purchase price in connection with the acquisition or origination of any type of real property or real estate-related asset acquired directly or (2) our allocable portion of the purchase price in connection with the acquisition or origination of any type of real property or real estate-related asset acquired through a joint venture, including any acquisition and origination expenses and any debt attributable to such investments. Total acquisition fees and expenses relating to the purchase of an investment may not exceed 6% of the contract purchase price unless such excess is approved by our board of directors, including a majority of our independent directors.
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$13,312,500/$26,625,000 (assuming no leverage)
$38,035,715/$76,071,429 (assuming leverage of 65% of the cost of our investments)
$53,250,000/$106,500,000 (assuming leverage of 75% of the cost of our investments)
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Acquisition Expenses Advisor
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In addition to the acquisition fee payable to our advisor, we will reimburse our advisor for amounts it pays to third parties in connection with the selection, acquisition or development of a property or acquisition of real estate-related assets (including expenses relating to potential investments that we do not close).
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Actual amounts are dependent upon the services provided, and
therefore cannot be determined at this time.
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7
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Type of Compensation
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Estimated Amount if
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and Recipient
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Determination of Amount
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Midpoint/Maximum Sold
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Investment Management Fees Advisor
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A monthly amount equal to one-twelfth of 0.80% of (1) the cost of real properties and real estate-related assets acquired directly or (2) our allocable cost of each real property or real estate-related asset acquired through a joint venture. Such fee will be calculated by including acquisition fees, acquisition expenses and any debt attributable to such investments, or our proportionate share thereof in the case of investments made through joint ventures.
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Actual amounts depend upon the aggregate cost of our real estate
investments, and therefore cannot be determined at this time.
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Other Operating Expenses Advisor
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Reimbursement of expenses incurred in providing services to us, including our allocable share of our advisors overhead, such as rent, employee costs, utilities and IT costs. We will not reimburse for employee costs in connection with services for which our advisor or its affiliates receive acquisition fees, investment management fees or disposition fees or for the employee costs our advisor pays to our executive officers.
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Actual amounts are dependent upon the services provided, and
therefore cannot be determined at this time.
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Property Management Fees Affiliated Property Managers
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A percentage of the annual gross revenues of each property owned by us for property management services. The property management fee payable with respect to each property will be equal to the percentage of annual gross revenues of the property that is usual and customary for comparable property management services rendered to similar properties in the geographic market of the property, as determined by our advisor and approved by a majority of our board of directors, including a majority of our independent directors. See Management Affiliated Property Managers. Our property managers may subcontract with third party property managers and will be responsible for supervising and compensating those third party property managers.
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Actual amounts depend upon the gross revenue of the properties
and customary property management and leasing fees in the region
in which properties are located and the property types acquired,
and therefore cannot be determined at this time.
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Leasing Fees Affiliated Property Managers
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In addition to property management fees, we may pay our property managers a separate fee for services rendered, whether directly or indirectly, in leasing our real properties to a third party lessee. Such leasing fee will be in an amount that is usual and customary for comparable services rendered to similar real properties in the geographic market of the property leased; provided, however, that such leasing fee shall only be paid if a majority of our board of directors, including a majority of our independent directors, determines that such leasing fee is fair and reasonable in relation to the services being performed.
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Type of Compensation
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Estimated Amount if
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and Recipient
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Determination of Amount
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Midpoint/Maximum Sold
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Independent Directors Compensation Plan
Independent Directors
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Under our independent directors compensation plan, each of
our current independent directors was entitled to receive
5,000 shares of restricted common stock in connection with
the initial meeting of the full board of directors. Our board of
directors, and each of our independent directors, agreed to
delay the initial grant of restricted stock until we raised
$2,000,000 in gross offering proceeds. On April 15, 2010,
we raised over $2,000,000 in gross offering proceeds in our
private offering and each independent director received his
initial grant of 5,000 shares of restricted common stock.
Going forward, each new independent director that joins our
board of directors will receive 5,000 shares of restricted
common stock upon election to our board of directors. In
addition, on the date following an independent directors
re-election to our board of directors, he or she will receive
2,500 shares of restricted common stock. The shares of
restricted common stock will generally vest in four equal annual
installments beginning on the date of grant and ending on the
third anniversary of the date of grant; provided, however, that
the restricted stock will become fully vested on the earlier to
occur of (1) the termination of the independent directors
service as a director due to his or her death or disability, or
(2) a change in control. See Management
Compensation of Executive Officers and Directors and
Management Long-Term Incentive Plan.
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Actual amounts depend upon awards actually granted, and
therefore cannot be determined at this time.
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Liquidity Stage
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Disposition Fees Advisor
or its Affiliate
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If our advisor or its affiliates provides a substantial amount
of services, as determined by our independent directors, in
connection with the sale of a real property or real
estate-related asset, 1.5% of the sales price.
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Actual amounts depend upon the sale price of investments, and
therefore cannot be determined at this time.
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Type of Compensation
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Estimated Amount if
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and Recipient
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Determination of Amount
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Midpoint/Maximum Sold
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Convertible Stock Advisor
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We have issued 1,000 shares of our convertible stock to our
advisor, for which our advisor contributed $1,000. Our
convertible stock will convert to shares of common stock if and
when: (A) we have made total distributions on the then
outstanding shares of our common stock equal to the original
issue price of those shares plus an 8.0% cumulative,
non-compounded, annual return on the original issue price of
those shares, (B) we list our common stock for trading on a
national securities exchange or (C) our advisory agreement is
terminated or not renewed (other than for cause as
defined in our advisory agreement). In the event of a
termination or non-renewal of our advisory agreement for cause,
the convertible stock will be redeemed by us for $1.00. In
general, each share of our convertible stock will convert into a
number of shares of common stock equal to 1/1000 of the quotient
of (A) 10% of the excess of (1) our enterprise value
plus the aggregate value of distributions paid to date on the
then outstanding shares of our common stock over (2) the
aggregate purchase price paid by stockholders for those
outstanding shares of common stock plus an 8.0% cumulative,
non-compounded, annual return on the original issue price of
those outstanding shares, divided by (B) our enterprise value
divided by the number of outstanding shares of common stock on
an as-converted basis, in each case calculated as of the date of
the conversion. For a description of how our enterprise
value is determined pursuant to our charter and an example
illustrating how the conversion formula with respect to our
convertible stock set forth above will operate, see
Description of Capital Stock Convertible
Stock.
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Actual amounts depend upon future liquidity events, and
therefore cannot be determined at this time.
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Conflicts
of Interest
Our advisor and certain of its affiliates will experience
conflicts of interest in connection with this offering and the
management of our business, including the following:
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the directors, officers and key personnel of our advisor must
allocate their time between advising us and managing our
sponsors and our other affiliates businesses and the
other real estate projects and business activities in which they
may be involved;
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the compensation payable by us to our advisor and other
affiliates may not be on terms that would result from
arms-length negotiations between unaffiliated parties, and
fees such as the acquisition fees and investment management fees
payable to our advisor are based upon the cost of assets we
acquire and will generally be payable regardless of the
performance of the investments we make, and thus may create an
incentive for the advisor to accept a higher purchase price for
assets or to purchase assets that may not otherwise be in our
best interest;
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the property management fees payable to our property managers
will generally be payable regardless of the quality of services
provided to us;
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the real estate professionals acting on behalf of our advisor
must determine which investment opportunities to recommend to us
and other Steadfast affiliates; and
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the dealer manager is affiliated with our advisor and sponsor
and, as a result, you will not have the benefit of an
independent due diligence review and investigation of the type
normally performed by an unaffiliated, independent underwriter
in connection with a securities offering.
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10
Leverage
We intend to use secured and unsecured debt as a means of
providing additional funds for the acquisition of our properties
and our real estate-related assets. We believe that careful use
of borrowings will help us achieve our diversification goals and
potentially enhance the returns on our investments. We expect
that our borrowings will be approximately 65% of the cost of our
real properties (before deducting depreciation and amortization)
plus the value of our other investments, after we have invested
substantially all of the net offering proceeds. In order to
facilitate investments in the early stages of our operations, we
expect to temporarily borrow in excess of our long-term targeted
debt level. Under our charter, we have a limitation on borrowing
which precludes us from borrowing in excess of 300% of our net
assets which generally approximates to 75% of the aggregate cost
of our assets. We may borrow in excess of this amount if such
excess is approved by a majority of the independent directors
and disclosed to stockholders in our next quarterly report,
along with a justification for such excess. In such event, we
will monitor our debt levels and take action to reduce any such
excess as soon as practicable. We do not intend to exceed our
charters leverage limit except in the early stages of our
operations when the costs of our investments are most likely to
substantially exceed our net offering proceeds. Our aggregate
borrowings will be reviewed by our board of directors at least
quarterly.
Distributions
We expect to authorize and declare daily distributions that will
be paid on a monthly basis. We intend to accrue distributions on
a daily basis and make distributions on a monthly basis
beginning no later than the first calendar month after the month
in which we make our first real estate investment. Once we
commence paying distributions, we expect to continue paying
monthly distributions unless our results of operations, our
general financial condition, general economic conditions or
other factors prohibit us from doing so. The timing and amount
of distributions will be determined by our board of directors in
its discretion and may vary from time to time. In connection
with a distribution to our stockholders, our board of directors
will authorize a monthly distribution of a certain dollar amount
per share of our common stock. We will then calculate each
stockholders specific distribution amount for the month
using daily record and declaration dates. Your distributions
will begin to accrue on our acceptance of your subscription.
Generally, our policy will be to pay distributions from cash
flow from operations. However, we expect to have little, if any,
cash flow from operations available for distribution until we
make substantial investments. Further, because we may receive
income from interest or rents at various times during our fiscal
year and because we may need cash flow from operations during a
particular period to fund capital expenditures and other
expenses, we expect that at least during the early stages of our
development and from time to time during our operational stage,
we will declare distributions in anticipation of cash flow that
we expect to receive during a later period, and we expect to pay
these distributions in advance of our actual receipt of these
funds. In these instances, our board of directors has the
authority under our organizational documents, to the extent
permitted by Maryland law, to fund distributions from sources
such as borrowings, offering proceeds or advances and the
deferral of fees and expense reimbursements by our advisor in
its sole discretion. We have not established a limit on the
amount of proceeds we may use from this offering to fund
distributions. If we pay distributions from sources other than
cash flow from operations, we will have fewer funds available
for investments and your overall return on your investment in us
may be reduced.
In order to provide additional available funds for us to pay
distributions, under certain circumstances our obligation to pay
all fees due to the advisor pursuant to the advisory agreement
will be deferred up to an aggregate amount of $5 million
during our offering stage. If, during any calendar quarter
during our offering stage, the distributions we pay exceed our
funds from operations (as defined by the National Association of
Real Estate Investment Trusts, or NAREIT), plus (1) any
acquisition expenses and acquisition fees expensed by us that
are related to any property, loan or other investment acquired
or expected to be acquired by us and (2) any non-operating,
non-cash charges incurred by us, such as impairments of property
or loans, any other than temporary impairments of marketable
securities, or other similar charges, for the quarter, which we
refer to as our adjusted funds from operations, the
payment of fees we are obligated to pay our advisor will be
deferred in an amount equal to the amount by which the
distributions paid to our stockholders for the quarter exceed
our adjusted funds
11
from operations up to an amount equal to a 7.0% cumulative
non-compounded annual return to stockholders invested
capital, prorated for such quarter. For a discussion of how we
calculate funds from operations, see Managements
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations Funds From Operations. We are only
obligated to pay our advisor for these deferred fees if and to
the extent that our cumulative adjusted funds from operations
for the period beginning on the date of the commencement of our
private offering through the date of any such payment exceed the
lesser of (1) the cumulative amount of any distributions
paid to our stockholders as of the date of such reimbursement or
(2) an amount that is equal to a 7.0% cumulative,
non-compounded, annual return on invested capital for our
stockholders for the period from the commencement of this
offering through the date of such payment. Our obligation to pay
the deferred fees will survive the termination of the advisory
agreement and will continue to be subject to the repayment
conditions above. We will not pay interest on the deferred fees
if and when such deferred fees are paid to our advisor. The
amount of fees that may be deferred as described above is
limited to an aggregate of $5 million.
We intend to qualify as a REIT commencing with the taxable year
ending December 31, 2010. To qualify as a REIT, we are
required to distribute 90% of our annual taxable income,
determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and by
excluding net capital gains, to our stockholders. If the
aggregate amount of cash distributions in any given year exceeds
the amount of our REIT taxable income generated
during the year, the excess amount will either be (1) a
return on capital or (2) gain from the sale or exchange of
property to the extent that a stockholders basis in our
common stock equals or is reduced to zero as the result of our
current or prior year distributions. For further information
regarding the tax consequences in the event we make
distributions other than from cash flow from operations, please
see Material U.S. Federal Income Tax
Considerations Taxation of Taxable
U.S. Stockholders.
Distribution
Reinvestment Plan
Pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan, you may elect to
have the cash distributions you receive reinvested in shares of
our common stock at an initial price of $9.50 per share;
provided, however, that beginning two years from the date of its
commencement, our board of directors may, in its sole
discretion, from time to time, change this price based upon
changes in our estimated net asset value per share, the then
current public offering price of shares of our common stock and
other factors that our board of directors deems relevant. If we
determine to change the price at which we offer shares pursuant
to our distribution reinvestment plan, we do not anticipate that
we will do so more frequently than quarterly.
No sales commissions or dealer manager fees are payable on
shares sold through our distribution reinvestment plan. Our
board of directors may terminate the distribution reinvestment
plan at its discretion at any time upon ten days notice to our
stockholders. Following any termination of the distribution
reinvestment plan, all subsequent distributions to stockholders
will be made in cash.
Share
Repurchase Plan
Our share repurchase plan may provide an opportunity for you to
have your shares of common stock repurchased by us, subject to
certain restrictions and limitations. No shares can be
repurchased under our share repurchase plan until after the
first anniversary of the date of purchase of such shares;
provided, however, that this holding period shall not apply to
repurchases requested within two years after the death or
disability of a stockholder. Prior to the completion of our
offering stage, the purchase price for shares repurchased under
our share repurchase plan will be as follows:
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Repurchase Price on
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Share Purchase Anniversary
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Repurchase
Date(1)
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Less than 1 year
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No Repurchase Allowed
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1 year
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92.5% of Primary Offering Price
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2 years
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95.0% of Primary Offering Price
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3 years
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97.5% of Primary Offering Price
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4 years
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100.0% of Primary Offering Price
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In the event of a stockholders death or disability
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Average Issue Price For
Shares(2)
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As adjusted for any stock
dividends, combinations, splits, recapitalizations and the like
with respect to the shares of common stock.
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12
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The purchase price per share for
shares redeemed upon the death or disability of a stockholder
will be equal to the average issue price per share for all of
the stockholders shares.
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The purchase price per share for shares repurchased pursuant to
our share repurchase plan will be further reduced by the
aggregate amount of net proceeds per share, if any, distributed
to our stockholders prior to the repurchase date as a result of
the sale of one or more of our assets that constitutes a return
of capital distribution as a result of such sales.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, following the completion of our
offering stage, shares of our common stock will be repurchased
at a price equal to a price based upon our most recently
established estimated net asset value per share, which we will
publicly disclose every six months beginning no later than six
months following the completion of our offering stage based on
periodic valuations by independent third party appraisers and
qualified independent valuation experts selected by our advisor.
We are not obligated to repurchase shares of our common stock
under the share repurchase plan. The number of shares to be
repurchased during any calendar year is limited to (1) 5%
of the weighted average of the number of shares of our common
stock outstanding in the prior calendar year and (2) those
that could be funded from the net proceeds from the sale of
shares under the distribution reinvestment plan in the prior
calendar year plus such additional funds as may be reserved for
that purpose by our board of directors.
Our board of directors may, in its sole discretion, amend,
suspend or terminate the share repurchase plan at any time upon
30 days notice to our stockholders if it determines
that the funds available to fund the share repurchase plan are
needed for other business or operational purposes or that
amendment, suspension or termination of the share repurchase
plan is in the best interest of our stockholders. The share
repurchase plan will terminate if the shares of our common stock
are listed on a national securities exchange.
Real
Property Portfolio Operational Data
In addition to providing information mandated by our charter,
the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, we intend to post on
our website at www.SteadfastREITs.com, and file with the
SEC, certain monthly operational data each month with respect to
each real property in our portfolio. We believe that posting
this additional operational data will benefit stockholders by
consistently providing current information and greater
transparency with respect to the performance of our investments.
See Description of Capital Stock Reports to
Stockholders.
Liquidity
Strategy
In the future, our board of directors will consider alternatives
for providing liquidity to our stockholders, each of which is
referred to as a liquidity event, including the sale
of our assets, a sale or merger of our company or a listing of
our shares on a national securities exchange. In making the
decision regarding which type of liquidity event to pursue, our
board of directors will try to determine which available
alternative method would result in greater value for our
stockholders. Our board of directors has determined that it will
evaluate whether to pursue a possible liquidity event no later
than January 1, 2015. If we have not determined to pursue a
liquidity event by December 31, 2016, our charter requires
that we either (1) seek stockholder approval of our
liquidation or (2) postpone presenting the liquidation
decision to our stockholders if a majority of our board of
directors, including a majority of the independent directors,
determines that liquidation is not then in the best interests of
our stockholders. If a majority of our board of directors,
including a majority of the independent directors, determines
that liquidation is not then in the best interests of our
stockholders, our charter requires our board of directors to
reconsider whether to seek stockholder approval of our
liquidation at least annually. Further postponement of a
liquidity event or stockholder action regarding liquidation
would only be permitted if a majority of our board of directors,
including a majority of the independent directors, again
determined that liquidation would not be in the best interests
of our stockholders. If we sought and failed to obtain
stockholder approval of our liquidation, our charter would not
require us to consummate our liquidation and would not require
our board of directors to reconsider whether to seek stockholder
approval of our liquidation, and we could continue to operate as
before. If, however, we sought and obtained stockholder approval
of a liquidation, we would begin an orderly sale of our assets.
The precise timing of such sales
13
would take account of the prevailing real estate finance markets
and the debt markets generally as well as the federal income tax
consequences to our stockholders.
Investment
Company Act Considerations
We intend to conduct our operations so that neither we, nor our
operating partnership nor the subsidiaries of our operating
partnership are required to register as investment companies
under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, or the
Investment Company Act.
Section 3(a)(1)(A) of the Investment Company Act defines an
investment company as any issuer that is or holds itself out as
being engaged primarily in the business of investing,
reinvesting or trading in securities. Section 3(a)(1)(C) of
the Investment Company Act defines an investment company as any
issuer that is engaged or proposes to engage in the business of
investing, reinvesting, owning, holding or trading in securities
and owns or proposes to acquire investment securities having a
value exceeding 40% of the value of the issuers total
assets (exclusive of U.S. government securities and cash
items) on an unconsolidated basis, which we refer to as the
40% test. Excluded from the term investment
securities, among other things, are U.S. government
securities and securities issued by majority-owned subsidiaries
that are not themselves investment companies and are not relying
on the exception from the definition of investment company set
forth in Section 3(c)(1) or Section 3(c)(7) of the
Investment Company Act. Accordingly, under Section 3(a)(1)
of the Investment Company Act, in relevant part, a company is
not deemed to be an investment company if:
(1) it neither is, nor holds itself out as being, engaged
primarily, nor proposes to engage primarily, in the business of
investing, reinvesting or trading in securities; and (2) it
neither is engaged nor proposes to engage in the business of
investing, reinvesting, owning, holding or trading in securities
and does not own or propose to acquire investment
securities having a value exceeding 40% of the value of
its total assets (exclusive of U.S. government securities and
cash items) on an unconsolidated basis. We believe that we, our
operating partnership and most of the subsidiaries of our
operating partnership will not fall within either definition of
an investment company as we intend to invest primarily in real
property, rather than in securities, through our wholly and
majority-owned subsidiaries, the majority of which we expect to
have at least 60% of their assets in real property. As these
subsidiaries would be investing either solely or primarily in
real property, they would be outside of the definition of
investment company under Section 3(a)(1) of the
Investment Company Act. As we are organized as a holding company
that conducts its businesses primarily through our operating
partnership, which in turn is a holding company conducting its
business through its wholly owned or majority-owned
subsidiaries, both we and our operating partnership intend to
conduct our operations so that they comply with the 40% test. We
will monitor our holdings to ensure continuing and ongoing
compliance with this test.
In addition, we believe neither we nor our operating partnership
will be considered an investment company under
Section 3(a)(1)(A) of the Investment Company Act because
neither we nor our operating partnership will engage primarily
or hold itself out as being engaged primarily in the business of
investing, reinvesting or trading in securities. Rather, through
our operating partnerships wholly owned or majority-owned
subsidiaries, we and the operating partnership will be primarily
engaged in the non-investment company businesses of these
subsidiaries.
Even if the value of investment securities held by one of our
subsidiaries were to exceed 40% of the value of its total
assets, we expect that subsidiary to be able to rely on the
exclusion from the definition of investment company
provided by Section 3(c)(5)(C) of the Investment Company
Act, which is available for entities primarily engaged in
the business of purchasing or otherwise acquiring mortgages and
other liens on and interests in real estate. This
exclusion generally requires that at least 55% of a
subsidiarys portfolio be comprised of qualifying real
estate assets and at least 80% of its portfolio must be
comprised of qualifying real estate assets and real
estate-related assets (and no more than 20% comprised of
miscellaneous assets). For purposes of the exclusion provided by
Sections 3(c)(5)(C), we will classify our investments based
in large measure on no-action letters issued by the SEC staff
and other SEC interpretive guidance and, in the absence of SEC
guidance, on our view of what constitutes a qualifying real
estate asset and a real estate-related asset. Although we intend
to monitor our portfolio periodically and prior to each
investment acquisition and disposition, there can be no
assurance that we will be able to maintain this exclusion for
each of these subsidiaries.
14
In the event that we, or our operating partnership, were to
acquire assets that could make either entity fall within the
definition of investment company under Section 3(a)(1) of
the Investment Company Act, we believe that we would still
qualify for an exclusion from the definition of investment
company provided by Section 3(c)(6). Although the SEC
staff has issued little interpretive guidance with respect to
Section 3(c)(6), we believe that we and our operating
partnership may rely on Section 3(c)(6) if 55% of the
assets of our operating partnership consist of, and at least 55%
of the income of our operating partnership is derived from,
qualifying real estate assets owned by wholly owned or
majority-owned subsidiaries of our operating partnership.
Maintaining compliance with Investment Company Act exceptions
will limit our ability to make certain investments. To the
extent that the SEC staff provides more specific guidance
regarding any of the matters bearing upon such exclusions, we
may be required to adjust our strategy accordingly. Any
additional guidance from the SEC staff could provide additional
flexibility to us, or it could further inhibit our ability to
pursue the strategies we have chosen.
15
RISK
FACTORS
An investment in our common stock involves various risks and
uncertainties. You should carefully consider the risks described
below in conjunction with the other information contained in
this prospectus before purchasing shares of our common stock.
General
Investment Risks
We
have no prior operating history, and there is no assurance that
we will be able to successfully achieve our investment
objectives.
We, our sponsor and our advisor are newly formed entities with
no prior operating history and may not be able to successfully
operate our business or achieve our investment objectives. As a
result, an investment in our shares of common stock may entail
more risk than an investment in the shares of common stock of a
real estate investment trust with a substantial operating
history.
This
is a blind pool offering; therefore you will not
have the opportunity to evaluate our investments prior to
purchasing shares of our common stock.
As of the date of this prospectus, neither we nor our advisor
has identified, acquired or contracted to acquire any real
properties or other real estate-related assets. As a result, you
will not be able to evaluate the economic merits, transaction
terms or other financial or operational data concerning our
investments prior to purchasing shares of our common stock. You
must rely on our advisor and our board of directors to implement
our investment strategy and policies, to evaluate our investment
opportunities and to structure the terms of our investments.
Because investors are not able to evaluate our investments in
advance of purchasing shares of our common stock, this offering
may entail more risk than other types of offerings. This
additional risk may hinder your ability to achieve your own
personal investment objectives related to portfolio
diversification,
risk-adjusted
investment returns and other objectives.
There
is no minimum offering amount for this offering. As a result, we
may immediately use investors funds as described in the
prospectus, and the amount of proceeds we raise in our private
offering and this offering may be substantially less than the
amount we would need to achieve a broadly diversified property
portfolio.
There is no minimum offering amount for this offering. As a
result, we may immediately use the funds raised in this offering
and our private offering to make investments as described in the
prospectus. However, there is no assurance that we will be
successful in raising additional funds in this offering and the
amount of funds we raise in our private offering and this
offering may be substantially less than the amount we would need
to acquire any specific real estate investment or to achieve a
broadly diversified property portfolio. If we are unable to
raise significant funds from this offering our ability to
achieve our investment objectives could be hindered, which could
result in a lower return on your investment.
There
is no public trading market for shares of our common stock and
we are not required to effectuate a liquidity event by a certain
date. As a result, it will be difficult for you to sell your
shares of common stock and, if you are able to sell your shares,
you are likely to sell them at a substantial
discount.
There is no current public market for the shares of our common
stock and we have no obligation to list our shares on any public
securities market or provide any other type of liquidity to our
stockholders by a particular date. It will therefore be
difficult for you to sell your shares of common stock. Even if
you are able to sell your shares of common stock, the absence of
a public market may cause the price received for any shares of
our common stock sold to be less than what you paid or less than
your proportionate value of the assets we own. We have adopted a
share repurchase plan but it is limited in terms of the amount
of shares that may be purchased each quarter. Additionally, our
charter does not require that we consummate a transaction to
provide liquidity to stockholders on any date certain. As a
result, you should purchase shares of our common stock only as a
long-term investment, and you must be prepared to hold your
shares for an indefinite period of time.
16
This
is a best efforts offering and if we are unable to
raise substantial funds, we will be limited in the number and
type of investments we may make, which could negatively impact
your investment.
This offering is being made on a best efforts basis.
Therefore, the broker-dealers participating in the offering are
only required to use their best efforts to sell shares of our
common stock, have no firm commitment or obligation to purchase
any of the shares of our common stock and may choose to
emphasize other REIT products over our offering. If we raise
substantially less than the maximum offering amount in this
offering, we will make fewer investments, resulting in less
diversification in terms of the number of investments we own,
the geographic regions in which our real properties are located
and the types of investments that we make. Further, it is likely
that in our early stages of growth we may not be able to achieve
portfolio diversification consistent with our
longer-term
investment objectives, increasing the likelihood that any single
investments poor performance would materially affect our
overall investment performance. Our inability to raise
substantial funds and make investments would also increase our
fixed operating expenses as a percentage of gross income. Each
of these factors could have an adverse effect on our financial
condition and ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
Disruptions
in the financial markets and deteriorating economic conditions
could adversely impact our ability to implement our investment
strategy and achieve our investment objectives.
U.S. and global financial markets have recently experienced
extreme volatility and disruption. There has been a widespread
tightening in overall credit markets, devaluation of the assets
underlying certain financial contracts and increased borrowing
by governmental entities. The recent turmoil in the capital
markets has constrained equity and debt capital available for
investment in the real estate market, resulting in fewer buyers
seeking to acquire real properties, increases in capitalization
rates and lower property values. Future disruptions in the
financial markets and deteriorating economic conditions could
impact the value of our investments in properties. Increased
defaults by tenants of our properties would decrease revenues on
these properties and increase our costs to find new tenants. In
addition, if potential purchasers of real properties continue to
have difficulty finding debt to finance property acquisitions,
capitalization rates could continue to increase and property
values could continue to decrease. Current economic conditions
greatly increase the risks of our investments. See
Risks Related to Our Investments.
Our
ability to successfully conduct this offering is dependent, in
part, on the ability of the dealer manager to hire and retain
key employees and to successfully establish, operate and
maintain a network of
broker-dealers.
The dealer manager for this offering is Steadfast Capital
Markets Group, LLC, which we refer to as Steadfast Capital
Markets Group or our dealer manager. Other
than serving as dealer manager for this offering, Steadfast
Capital Markets Group has no experience acting as a dealer
manager for a public offering. The success of this offering and
our ability to implement our business strategy is dependent upon
the ability of the dealer manager to hire and retain key
employees and to establish, operate and maintain a network of
licensed securities broker-dealers and other agents. The success
of the dealer manager will be determined in large part by Aaron
G. Cook, the chief executive officer and president of the dealer
manager, and the loss of his services could harm our ability to
raise capital. If the dealer manager is unable to hire qualified
employees and build a sufficient network of broker-dealers, we
may not be able to raise adequate proceeds through this offering
to implement our investment strategy. If we are unsuccessful in
implementing our investment strategy, you could lose all or a
part of your investment.
If we
pay distributions from sources other than our cash flow from
operations, we will have fewer funds available for investments
and your overall return may be reduced.
Although our distribution policy is to use our cash flow from
operations to make distributions, our organizational documents
permit us to pay distributions from any source. If we fund
distributions from financings or the net proceeds of this
offering, we will have less funds available for investment in
real properties and real estate-related assets than if our
distributions came solely from cash flow from operations and
your overall return may be reduced. We expect to have little, if
any, cash flow from operations available for distribution until
we make substantial investments. Further, because we may receive
income at various
17
times during our fiscal year and because we may need cash flow
from operations during a particular period to fund expenses, we
expect that at least during the early stages of our development
and from time to time during our operational stage, we will
declare distributions in anticipation of cash flow that we
expect to receive during a later period and we will pay these
distributions in advance of our actual receipt of these funds.
In these instances, we expect to look to third party borrowings
to fund our distributions, but we may determine to use net
proceeds of this offering when borrowings are not available or
if our board of directors determines it is appropriate to do so.
We have not established a limit on the amount of proceeds we may
use from this offering to fund distributions. We may also fund
such distributions from advances from our advisor or sponsor or
the deferral by our advisor, in its sole discretion, of fees
payable under the advisory agreement. Our obligation to pay all
fees due to the advisor from us pursuant to the advisory
agreement will be deferred during our offering stage to provide
additional funds to support the payment of distributions to our
stockholders if the distributions we pay for any calendar
quarter exceed our adjusted funds from operations for such
calendar quarter. The amount of fees that may be deferred is
limited to an aggregate amount of $5 million. For further
discussion of our advisors commitment to advance funds to
us, see Description of Capital Stock
Distributions.
In addition, if the aggregate amount of cash we distribute to
stockholders in any given year exceeds the amount of our
REIT taxable income generated during the year, the
excess amount will either be (1) a return of capital or
(2) a gain from the sale or exchange of property to the
extent that a stockholders basis in our common stock
equals or is reduced to zero as the result of our current or
prior year distributions. For further information regarding the
tax consequences in the event we make distributions other than
from cash flow from operations, please see Material
U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations Taxation
of Taxable U.S. Stockholders.
You
may be more likely to sustain a loss on your investment because
our sponsor does not have as strong an economic incentive to
avoid losses as do sponsors who have made significant equity
investments in the investment programs they are
sponsoring.
Our sponsor has only invested $200,007 in us in exchange for
22,223 shares of our common stock. Therefore, if we are
successful in raising sufficient offering proceeds to be able to
reimburse our sponsor for our organization and offering
expenses, our sponsor will have little exposure to loss in the
value of its investment in our shares. Without this exposure,
our investors may be at a greater risk of loss because our
sponsor does not have as strong an economic incentive to prevent
a decrease in the value of our shares as do those sponsors who
make more significant equity investments in the investment
programs they are sponsoring.
We
established the initial offering price of our shares of common
stock on an arbitrary basis and it may not accurately represent
the value of our assets. Therefore, the purchase price you paid
for shares of our common stock may be higher than the value of
our assets per share of our common stock at the time of your
purchase.
Our board of directors arbitrarily determined the offering price
for shares of our common stock that will apply at least during
the initial two years of this continuous offering. This initial
offering price for shares of our common stock has not been based
on appraisals of any assets we may own. If we extend this
offering beyond two years from the date of its commencement, our
board of directors may, but is not under any obligation to,
revise the price at which we offer shares of our common stock to
the public in the primary offering or pursuant to our
distribution reinvestment plan based upon changes in our
estimated net asset value per share and any other factors that
our board of directors deems relevant. If we determine to change
the price at which we offer shares, we do not anticipate that we
will do so more frequently than quarterly. Therefore, the
offering price established from time to time for shares of our
common stock may not accurately represent the current value of
our assets at any particular time and may be higher or lower
than the actual value of our assets. In addition, the proceeds
received from a liquidation of our assets may be substantially
less than the offering price of our shares because certain fees
and costs associated with this offering may be added to our
estimated net asset value per share in connection with changing
the offering price of our shares.
18
We
will not begin providing stockholders with an estimated net
asset value per share of our common stock until six months after
completion of our offering stage. Therefore, you will not be
able to determine the true value of your shares on an on-going
basis during this offering.
We will publicly disclose an estimated net asset value per share
of our common stock every six months beginning no later than six
months following the completion of our offering stage (as
defined below). Therefore, you will not be able to determine the
true value of your shares on an on going basis during this
offering. Our estimated net asset value per share will be based
upon periodic valuations of all of our assets by independent
third party appraisers and qualified independent valuation
experts selected by our advisor. We will consider our offering
stage complete on the first date that we are no longer publicly
offering equity securities that are not listed on a national
securities exchange, whether through this offering or follow-on
public equity offerings, provided we have not filed a
registration statement for a follow-on public equity offering as
of such date (for purposes of this definition, we do not
consider public equity offerings to include
offerings on behalf of selling stockholders or offerings related
to a distribution reinvestment plan, employee benefit plan or
the redemption of interests in our operating partnership). Our
estimated net asset value per share may not be indicative of the
price our stockholders would receive if they sold our shares in
an arms-length transaction, if our shares were actively traded
or if we were liquidated.
Because
our charter does not require our listing or liquidation by a
specified date, you should only purchase our shares as a
long-term investment and be prepared to hold them for an
indefinite period of time.
In the future, our board of directors will consider alternatives
for providing liquidity to our stockholders, each of which is
referred to as a liquidity event, including the sale
of our assets, a sale or merger of our company or a listing of
our shares on a national securities exchange. Our board of
directors has determined that it will evaluate whether to pursue
a possible liquidity event no later than January 1, 2015.
If we have not determined to pursue a liquidity event by
December 31, 2016, our charter requires that we either
(1) seek stockholder approval of our liquidation or
(2) postpone presenting the liquidation decision to our
stockholders if a majority of our board of directors, including
a majority of the independent directors, determines that
liquidation is not then in the best interests of our
stockholders. If a majority of our board of directors, including
a majority of the independent directors, determines that
liquidation is not then in the best interests of our
stockholders, our charter requires our board of directors to
reconsider whether to seek stockholder approval of our
liquidation at least annually. Further postponement of a
liquidity event or stockholder action regarding liquidation
would only be permitted if a majority of our board of directors,
including a majority of the independent directors, again
determined that liquidation would not be in the best interests
of our stockholders. If we sought and failed to obtain
stockholder approval of our liquidation, our charter would not
require us to consummate our liquidation and would not require
our board of directors to reconsider whether to seek stockholder
approval of our liquidation, and we could continue to operate as
before. If, however, we sought and obtained stockholder approval
of a liquidation, we would begin an orderly sale of our assets.
Because our charter does not require us to pursue a liquidity
event by a specified date, you should only purchase our shares
as a long-term investment and be prepared to hold them for an
indefinite period of time.
Payment
of fees to our advisor and its affiliates reduces cash available
for investment, which may result in our stockholders not
receiving a full return of their invested capital.
Because a portion of the offering price from the sale of our
shares will be used to pay expenses and fees, the full offering
price paid by stockholders will not be invested in real
properties and real estate-related assets. As a result,
stockholders will only receive a full return of their invested
capital if we either (1) sell our assets or our company for
a sufficient amount in excess of the original purchase price of
our assets or (2) the market value of our company after we
list our shares of common stock on a national securities
exchange is substantially in excess of the original purchase
price of our assets.
19
If we
internalize our management functions, your interest in us could
be diluted and we could incur other significant costs associated
with being self-managed.
Our board of directors may decide in the future to internalize
our management functions. If we do so, we may elect to negotiate
to acquire our advisors assets and personnel. See
Description of Capital Stock Business
Combination with Our Advisor. At this time, we cannot
anticipate the form or amount of consideration or other terms
relating to any such acquisition. Such consideration could take
many forms, including cash payments, promissory notes and shares
of our common stock. The payment of such consideration could
result in dilution of your interests as a stockholder and could
have an adverse effect on our financial condition and ability to
make distributions to our stockholders.
Additionally, while we would no longer bear the costs of the
various fees and expenses we expect to pay to our advisor under
the advisory agreement, our direct expenses would include
general and administrative costs, including legal, accounting
and other expenses related to corporate governance, SEC
reporting and compliance. We would also be required to employ
personnel and would be subject to potential liabilities commonly
faced by employers, such as workers disability and compensation
claims, potential labor disputes and other employee-related
liabilities and grievances as well as incur the compensation and
benefits costs of our officers and other employees and
consultants that will be paid by our advisor or its affiliates.
We may issue equity awards to officers, employees and
consultants, which awards would decrease net income and funds
from operations and may further dilute your investment. We
cannot reasonably estimate the amount of fees to our advisor we
would save or the costs we would incur if we became
self-managed. If the expenses we assume as a result of an
internalization are higher than the expenses we avoid paying to
our advisor, our funds from operations would be lower as a
result of the internalization than they otherwise would have
been, potentially decreasing the amount of funds available to
distribute to our stockholders.
Internalization transactions involving the acquisition of
advisors have also, in some cases, been the subject of
litigation. Even if these claims are without merit, we could be
forced to spend significant amounts of money defending claims
which would reduce the amount of funds available for us to
invest or to pay distributions.
You
are limited in your ability to have your shares of common stock
repurchased pursuant to our share repurchase plan. You may not
be able to sell any of your shares of our common stock back to
us, and if you do sell your shares, you may not receive the
price you paid upon subscription.
Our share repurchase plan may provide you with an opportunity to
have your shares of common stock repurchased by us. We
anticipate that shares of our common stock may be repurchased on
a quarterly basis. No shares may be repurchased under our share
repurchase plan until after the first anniversary of the date of
purchase of such shares. Prior to the completion of our offering
stage, we will repurchase shares of our common stock pursuant to
our share repurchase plan at a discount from the current
offering price per share of our common stock based upon how long
such shares have been held. Notwithstanding the foregoing,
following the completion of our offering stage, shares of our
common stock will be repurchased at a price equal to a price
based upon our estimated net asset value per share as of our
most recent appraisal.
Our share repurchase plan contains certain restrictions and
limitations, including those relating to the number of shares of
our common stock that we can repurchase at any given time and
limiting the repurchase price. Specifically, the plan limits the
number of shares to be repurchased during any calendar year to
no more than (1) 5.0% of the weighted average of the number
of shares of our common stock outstanding in the prior calendar
year and (2) those that could be funded from the net
proceeds from the sale of shares under the distribution
reinvestment plan in the prior calendar year plus such
additional funds as may be borrowed or reserved for that purpose
by our board of directors. Further, we have no obligation to
repurchase shares if the repurchase would violate the
restrictions on distributions under Maryland law, which
prohibits distributions that would cause a corporation to fail
to meet statutory tests of solvency. Our board of directors
reserves the right to reject any repurchase request for any
reason or no reason or to amend or terminate the share
repurchase plan at any time upon 30 days notice to our
stockholders. Therefore, you may not have the opportunity to
make a repurchase request prior to a potential termination of
the share repurchase plan and you
20
may not be able to sell any of your shares of common stock back
to us. Moreover, if you do sell your shares of common stock back
to us pursuant to the share repurchase plan, you may be forced
to do so at a discount to the purchase price you paid for your
shares. See Description of Capital
Stock Share Repurchase Plan.
Our
success is dependent on the performance of our advisor and its
affiliates.
Our ability to achieve our investment objectives and to pay
distributions is dependent upon the performance of our advisor
and its affiliates. Our advisor and its affiliates are sensitive
to trends in the general economy, as well as the commercial real
estate and credit markets. The current macroeconomic environment
and accompanying credit crisis has negatively impacted the value
of commercial real estate assets, contributing to a general slow
down in the real estate industry, which we anticipate will
continue through 2010. A prolonged and pronounced recession
could result in reductions in overall transaction volume and
size of sales and leasing activities that our advisor and its
affiliates have recently experienced, and would continue to put
downward pressure on our advisors and its affiliates
revenues and operating results. To the extent that any decline
in revenues and operating results impacts the performance of our
advisor and its affiliates, our financial condition and ability
to pay distributions to our stockholders could also suffer.
Additionally, our obligation to pay all fees due to the advisor
pursuant to the advisory agreement will be deferred during our
offering stage to provide additional funds to support the
payment of distributions to our stockholders if the
distributions we pay for any calendar quarter exceed our
adjusted funds from operations for such calendar quarter. The
amount of fees that may be deferred is limited to an aggregate
amount of $5 million. As a newly formed entity, our advisor
will rely primarily on the fees it receives pursuant to the
advisory agreement and capital from our sponsor to fund its
operations and liabilities. If our advisor has insufficient cash
from operations to meet its obligations under the advisory
agreement and is unable to obtain financing, we would be
adversely impacted. For further discussion of the deferral of
fees pursuant to the advisory agreement, see Description
of Capital Stock Distributions.
If we
are delayed or unable to find suitable investments, we may not
be able to achieve our investment objectives.
Delays in selecting, acquiring and developing real properties
could adversely affect investor returns. Because we are
conducting this offering on a best efforts basis
over time, our ability to commit to purchase specific assets
will depend, in part, on the amount of proceeds we have received
at a given time. As of the date of this prospectus, we have not
identified the real properties and real estate-related assets
that we will purchase with the proceeds of this offering. If we
are unable to access sufficient capital, we may suffer from
delays in deploying the capital into suitable investments.
Recent
events in U.S. financial markets have had, and may continue to
have, a negative impact on the terms and availability of credit
and the overall national economy, which could have an adverse
effect on our business and our results of
operations.
The recent failure of large U.S. financial institutions and
the resulting turmoil in the United States financial sector has
had, and will likely continue to have, a negative impact on the
terms and availability of credit and the state of the economy
generally within the United States. The tightening of the
U.S. credit markets has resulted in a lack of adequate
credit and a further economic downturn. Some lenders are
imposing more stringent restrictions on the terms of credit,
including shorter terms and more conservative
loan-to-value
underwriting than was previously customary. In addition, there
may be a general reduction in the amount of credit available in
the markets in which we conduct business. The negative impact of
the tightening of the credit markets may result in our inability
to finance the acquisition of properties and other real
estate-related assets on favorable terms, if at all, increased
financing costs or financing with increasingly restrictive
covenants.
Additionally, decreasing home prices and increasing mortgage
defaults have resulted in uncertainty in the real estate and
real estate securities and debt markets. The market for new
issuances of commercial
mortgage-backed
securities, or CMBS, has been significantly reduced as a result
of the recent turmoil in the
21
financial markets and banks currently are generally providing
limited debt financing with more stringent conditions for
investments in real estate-related assets. As a result, the
valuation of real estate-related assets has been volatile and is
likely to continue to be volatile in the future. The volatility
in markets may make it more difficult for us to obtain adequate
financing or realize gains on our investments which could have
an adverse effect on our business and our results of operations.
We are
uncertain of our sources for funding our future capital needs.
If we do not have sufficient funds from operations to cover our
expenses or to fund improvements to our real estate and cannot
obtain debt or equity financing on acceptable terms, our ability
to cover our expenses or to fund improvements to our real estate
will be adversely affected.
The net proceeds of this offering will be used for investments
in real properties and real estate-related assets and for
payment of operating expenses, various fees and other expenses.
During the initial stages of the offering, we may not have
sufficient funds from operations to cover our expenses or to
fund improvements to our real estate. Accordingly, in the event
that we develop a need for additional capital in the future for
the improvement of our real properties or for any other reason,
sources of funding may not be available to us. If we do not have
sufficient funds from cash flow generated by our investments or
out of net sale proceeds, or cannot obtain debt or equity
financing on acceptable terms, our financial condition and
ability to make distributions may be adversely affected.
If we
cease to retain our advisor or one of its affiliates to perform
substantial advisory services for us, we may be required to
cease to conduct business under or use the name
Steadfast or any derivative thereof.
Pursuant to the terms of the advisory agreement, if we cease to
retain the advisor or one of its affiliates to perform
substantial advisory services for us, we are required, upon
receipt of written request from the advisor, to cease to conduct
business under or use the name Steadfast or any
derivative thereof and to change our name and the names of our
subsidiaries to a name that does not contain the word
Steadfast or any other word or words that might, in
the reasonable discretion of our advisor, indicate some form of
relationship between us and our advisor or its affiliates. If we
are required to cease to conduct business under or use the name
Steadfast or any derivative thereof, it could have
an adverse effect on our ability to achieve our investment
objectives, our financial condition and our ability to make
distributions to our stockholders.
Risks
Relating to Our Organizational Structure
Maryland
law and our organizational documents limit your right to bring
claims against our officers and directors.
Maryland law provides that a director will not have any
liability as a director so long as he or she performs his or her
duties in accordance with the applicable standard of conduct. In
addition, our charter provides that, subject to the applicable
limitations set forth therein or under Maryland law, no director
or officer will be liable to us or our stockholders for monetary
damages. Our charter also provides that we will generally
indemnify our directors, our officers, our advisor and its
affiliates for losses they may incur by reason of their service
in those capacities unless their act or omission was material to
the matter giving rise to the proceeding and was committed in
bad faith or was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty,
they actually received an improper personal benefit in money,
property or services or, in the case of any criminal proceeding,
they had reasonable cause to believe the act or omission was
unlawful. Moreover, we will enter into separate indemnification
agreements with each of our directors and executive officers. As
a result, we and our stockholders may have more limited rights
against these persons than might otherwise exist under common
law. In addition, we may be obligated to fund the defense costs
incurred by these persons. However, our charter provides that we
may not indemnify our directors, our advisor and its affiliates
for loss or liability suffered by them or hold our directors or
our advisor and its affiliates harmless for loss or liability
suffered by us unless they have determined that the course of
conduct that caused the loss or liability was in our best
interests, they were acting on our behalf or performing services
for us, the liability was not the result of negligence or
misconduct by our non-independent directors, our advisor and its
affiliates or gross negligence
22
or willful misconduct by our independent directors, and the
indemnification or agreement to hold harmless is recoverable
only out of our net assets, including the proceeds of insurance,
and not from the stockholders. As a result, we and our
stockholders may be entitled to a more limited right of action
than we would otherwise have if these indemnification rights
were not granted.
The
limit on the percentage of shares of our common stock that any
person may own may discourage a takeover or business combination
that may benefit our stockholders.
Our charter restricts the direct or indirect ownership by one
person or entity to no more than 9.8% of the value of our then
outstanding capital stock (which includes common stock and any
preferred stock we may issue) and no more than 9.8% of the value
or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of our then
outstanding common stock unless exempted by our board of
directors. These restrictions may discourage a change of control
of us and may deter individuals or entities from making tender
offers for shares of our common stock on terms that might be
financially attractive to stockholders or which may cause a
change in our management. In addition to deterring potential
transactions that may be favorable to our stockholders, these
provisions may also decrease your ability to sell your shares of
our common stock.
We may
issue preferred stock or other classes of common stock, which
issuance could adversely affect the holders of our common stock
issued pursuant to this offering.
Investors in this offering do not have preemptive rights to any
shares issued by us in the future. We may issue, without
stockholder approval, preferred stock or other classes of common
stock with rights that could dilute the value of your shares of
common stock. However, the issuance of preferred stock must also
be approved by a majority of our independent directors not
otherwise interested in the transaction, who will have access,
at our expense, to our legal counsel or to independent legal
counsel. The issuance of preferred stock or other classes of
common stock would increase the number of stockholders entitled
to distributions without simultaneously increasing the size of
our asset base. Under our charter, we have authority to issue a
total of 1,100,000,000 shares of capital stock, of which
999,999,000 shares are designated as common stock with a
par value of $0.01 per share, 1,000 shares are designated
as convertible stock with a par value of $0.01 per share and
100,000,000 shares are designated as preferred stock with a
par value of $0.01 per share. Our board of directors, with the
approval of a majority of the entire board of directors and
without any action by our stockholders, may amend our charter
from time to time to increase or decrease the aggregate number
of shares of capital stock or the number of shares of capital
stock of any class or series that we have authority to issue. If
we ever created and issued preferred stock with a distribution
preference over common stock, payment of any distribution
preferences of outstanding preferred stock would reduce the
amount of funds available for the payment of distributions on
our common stock. Further, holders of preferred stock are
normally entitled to receive a preference payment in the event
we liquidate, dissolve or wind up before any payment is made to
our common stockholders, likely reducing the amount common
stockholders would otherwise receive upon such an occurrence. In
addition, under certain circumstances, the issuance of preferred
stock or a separate class or series of common stock may render
more difficult or tend to discourage a merger, tender offer or
proxy contest, the assumption of control by a holder of a large
block of our securities, or the removal of incumbent management.
Your
investment will be diluted upon conversion of the convertible
stock.
We have issued 1,000 shares of our convertible stock to our
advisor. Under limited circumstances, each outstanding share of
our convertible stock may be converted into shares of our common
stock, which will have a dilutive effect to our stockholders.
Our convertible stock will be converted into shares of common
stock if (1) we have made total distributions on the then
outstanding shares of our common stock equal to the price paid
for those shares plus an 8.0% cumulative, non-compounded, annual
return on that price, (2) we list our common stock for
trading on a national securities exchange or enter into a merger
whereby holders of our common stock receive listed securities of
another issuer or (3) our advisory agreement is terminated
or not renewed (other than for cause as defined in
our advisory agreement). Upon any of these events, each share of
convertible stock will be converted into a number of shares of
common stock equal to 1/1000 of the quotient of (A) 10% of
the amount, if any, by which (i) our enterprise
value plus the aggregate value of the
23
distributions paid to date on the then outstanding shares
exceeds (ii) the aggregate purchase price paid by
stockholders for those outstanding shares plus an 8.0%
cumulative, non-compounded, annual return on the original issue
price of the shares, divided by (B) our enterprise value
divided by the number of outstanding shares of our common stock
on an as-converted basis as of the date of conversion. In the
event of a termination or non-renewal of our advisory agreement
for cause, the convertible stock will be redeemed by us for
$1.00. See Description of Capital Stock
Convertible Stock. Upon the issuance of our common stock
in connection with the conversion of our convertible stock, your
interests in us will be diluted.
We may
grant stock-based awards to our directors, employees and
consultants pursuant to our long-term incentive plan, which will
have a dilutive effect on your investment in us.
We have adopted a long-term incentive plan, pursuant to which we
are authorized to grant restricted stock, stock options, stock
appreciation rights, restricted or deferred stock units,
performance awards, dividend equivalents or other stock-based
awards to directors, employees and consultants selected by our
board of directors for participation in the plan. We currently
intend only to issue awards of restricted stock to our
independent directors under our long-term incentive plan. If we
issue additional stock-based awards to eligible participants
under our long-term incentive plan, the issuance of these
stock-based awards will dilute your investment in our shares of
common stock.
Certain features of our long-term incentive plan could have a
dilutive effect on your investment in us, including (1) a
lack of annual award limits, individually or in the aggregate
(subject to the limit on the maximum number of shares which may
be issued pursuant to awards granted under the plan),
(2) the fact that the limit on the maximum number of shares
which may be issued pursuant to awards granted under the plan is
not tied to the amount of proceeds raised in the offering and
(3) share counting procedures which provide that shares
subject to certain awards, including, without limitation,
substitute awards granted by us to employees of another entity
in connection with our merger or consolidation with such company
or shares subject to outstanding awards of another company
assumed by us in connection with our merger or consolidation
with such company, are not subject to the limit on the maximum
number of shares which may be issued pursuant to awards granted
under the plan.
The
conversion of the convertible stock held by our advisor due upon
termination of the advisory agreement and the voting rights
granted to the holder of our convertible stock, may discourage a
takeover attempt or prevent us from effecting a merger that
otherwise would have been in the best interests of our
stockholders.
If we engage in a merger in which we are not the surviving
entity or our advisory agreement is terminated without cause,
our advisor may be entitled to conversion of the shares of our
convertible stock it holds and to require that we purchase all
or a portion of the limited partnership interests in our
operating partnership that it holds at any time thereafter for
cash or our common stock. The existence of this convertible
stock may deter a prospective acquirer from bidding on our
company, which may limit the opportunity for stockholders to
receive a premium for their stock that might otherwise exist if
an investor attempted to acquire us through a merger.
The affirmative vote of two-thirds of the outstanding shares of
convertible stock, voting as a single class, will be required
(1) for any amendment, alteration or repeal of any
provision of our charter that materially and adversely changes
the rights of the convertible stock and (2) to effect a
merger of our company into another entity, or a merger of
another entity into our company, unless in each case each share
of convertible stock (A) will remain outstanding without a
material and adverse change to its terms and rights or
(B) will be converted into or exchanged for shares of stock
or other ownership interest of the surviving entity having
rights identical to that of our convertible stock. In the event
that we propose to merge with or into another entity, including
another REIT, our advisor could, by exercising these voting
rights, determine whether or not we are able to complete the
proposed transaction. By voting against a proposed merger, our
advisor could prevent us from effecting the merger, even if the
merger otherwise would have been in the best interests of our
stockholders.
24
Our
UPREIT structure may result in potential conflicts of interest
with limited partners in our operating partnership whose
interests may not be aligned with those of our
stockholders.
Limited partners in our operating partnership have the right to
vote on certain amendments to the operating partnership
agreement, as well as on certain other matters. Persons holding
such voting rights may exercise them in a manner that conflicts
with the interests of our stockholders. As general partner of
our operating partnership, we are obligated to act in a manner
that is in the best interest of all partners of our operating
partnership. Circumstances may arise in the future when the
interests of limited partners in our operating partnership may
conflict with the interests of our stockholders. These conflicts
may be resolved in a manner stockholders do not believe are in
their best interest.
Your
investment return may be reduced if we are required to register
as an investment company under the Investment Company Act; if we
are subject to registration under the Investment Company Act, we
will not be able to continue our business.
Neither we, our operating partnership or any of our subsidiaries
intend to register as an investment company under the Investment
Company Act. Currently, neither we, our operating partnership
nor any of our subsidiaries have any assets. Our operating
partnerships and subsidiaries intended investments
in real estate will represent the substantial majority of our
total asset mix. In order for us not to be subject to regulation
under the Investment Company Act, we intend to engage, through
our operating partnership and our wholly and majority owned
subsidiaries, primarily in the business of buying real estate.
These investments must be made within a year after this offering
ends.
We expect that most of our assets will be held through
wholly-owned
or majority-owned subsidiaries of our operating partnership. We
expect that most of these subsidiaries will be outside the
definition of an investment company under
Section 3(a)(1) of the Investment Company Act as they are
generally expected to hold at least 60% of their assets in real
property. Section 3(a)(1)(A) of the Investment Company Act
defines an investment company as any issuer that is or holds
itself out as being engaged primarily in the business of
investing, reinvesting or trading in securities.
Section 3(a)(1)(C) of the Investment Company Act defines an
investment company as any issuer that is engaged or proposes to
engage in the business of investing, reinvesting, owning,
holding or trading in securities and owns or proposes to acquire
investment securities having a value exceeding 40% of the value
of the issuers total assets (exclusive of
U.S. government securities and cash items) on an
unconsolidated basis, which we refer to as the 40%
test. Excluded from the term investment
securities, among other things, are U.S. government
securities and securities issued by majority-owned subsidiaries
that are not themselves investment companies and are not relying
on the exception from the definition of investment company set
forth in Section 3(c)(1) or Section 3(c)(7) of the
Investment Company Act.
We believe that we, our operating partnership and most of the
subsidiaries of our operating partnership will not fall within
either definition of investment company under
Section 3(a)(1) of the Investment Company Act as we intend
to invest primarily in real property, through our wholly or
majority-owned subsidiaries, the majority of which we expect to
have at least 60% of their assets in real property. As these
subsidiaries would be investing either solely or primarily in
real property, they would be outside of the definition of
investment company under Section 3(a)(1) of the
Investment Company Act. We are organized as a holding company
that conducts its businesses primarily through our operating
partnership, which in turn is a holding company conducting its
business through its subsidiaries. Both we and our operating
partnership intend to conduct our operations so that they comply
with the 40% test. We will monitor our holdings to ensure
continuing and ongoing compliance with this test. In addition,
we believe that neither we nor our operating partnership will be
considered an investment company under Section 3(a)(1)(A)
of the Investment Company Act because neither we nor our
operating partnership will engage primarily or hold itself out
as being engaged primarily in the business of investing,
reinvesting or trading in securities. Rather, through our
operating partnerships wholly owned or majority owned
subsidiaries, we and our operating partnership will be primarily
engaged in the non-investment company businesses of these
subsidiaries.
25
In the event that the value of investment securities held by a
subsidiary of our operating partnership were to exceed 40% of
the value of its total assets, we expect that subsidiary to be
able to rely on the exclusion from the definition of
investment company provided by
Section 3(c)(5)(C) of the Investment Company Act. Section
3(c)(5)(C), as interpreted by the staff of the SEC, requires
each of our subsidiaries relying on this exception to invest at
least 55% of its portfolio in mortgage and other liens on
and interests in real estate, which we refer to as
qualifying real estate assets, and maintain at least
80% of its assets in qualifying real estate assets or other real
estate-related assets. The remaining 20% of the portfolio can
consist of miscellaneous assets. What we buy and sell is
therefore limited by these criteria. How we determine to
classify our assets for purposes of the Investment Company Act
will be based in large measure upon no-action letters issued by
the SEC staff in the past and other SEC interpretive guidance
and, in the absence of SEC guidance, on our view of what
constitutes a qualifying real estate asset and a real
estate-related asset. These no-action positions were issued in
accordance with factual situations that may be substantially
different from the factual situations we may face, and a number
of these no-action positions were issued more than ten years
ago. Pursuant to this guidance, and depending on the
characteristics of the specific investments, certain mortgage
loans, participations in mortgage loans, mortgage-backed
securities, mezzanine loans, joint venture investments and the
equity securities of other entities may not constitute
qualifying real estate assets and therefore investments in these
types of assets may be limited. No assurance can be given that
the SEC staff will concur with our classification of our assets.
Future revisions to the Investment Company Act or further
guidance from the SEC staff may cause us to lose our exclusion
from registration or force us to re-evaluate our portfolio and
our investment strategy. Such changes may prevent us from
operating our business successfully.
In the event that we, or our operating partnership, were to
acquire assets that could make either entity fall within the
definition of an investment company under Section 3(a)(1)
of the Investment Company Act, we believe that we would still
qualify for an exclusion from registration pursuant to
Section 3(c)(6). Although the SEC staff has issued little
interpretive guidance with respect to Section 3(c)(6), we
believe that we and our operating partnership may rely on
Section 3(c)(6) if 55% of the assets of our operating
partnership consist of, and at least 55% of the income of our
operating partnership is derived from, qualifying real estate
assets owned by wholly owned or majority-owned subsidiaries of
our operating partnership.
To ensure that neither we, our operating partnership or any of
our subsidiaries are required to register as an investment
company, each entity may be unable to sell assets that it would
otherwise want to sell and may need to sell assets that it would
otherwise wish to retain. In addition, we, our operating
partnership or our subsidiaries may be required to acquire
additional income- or loss-generating assets that we might not
otherwise acquire or forego opportunities to acquire interests
in companies that we would otherwise want to acquire. Although
we, our operating partnership and our subsidiaries intend to
monitor our portfolio periodically and prior to each acquisition
and disposition, any of these entities may not be able to
maintain an exclusion from registration as an investment
company. If we, our operating partnership or our subsidiaries
are required to register as an investment company but fail to do
so, the unregistered entity would be prohibited from engaging in
our business, and criminal and civil actions could be brought
against such entity. In addition, the contracts of such entity
would be unenforceable unless a court required enforcement, and
a court could appoint a receiver to take control of the entity
and liquidate its business.
For more information on issues related to compliance with the
Investment Company Act, see Investment Strategy,
Objectives and Policies Investment Company Act
Considerations.
Risks
Related To Conflicts of Interest
We
depend on our advisor and its key personnel and if any of such
key personnel were to cease to be affiliated with our advisor,
our business could suffer.
Our ability to achieve our investment objectives is dependent
upon the performance of our advisor. Our success depends to a
significant degree upon the continued contributions of certain
of the key personnel of our advisor, each of whom would be
difficult to replace. We currently do not have key man life
insurance on any of our advisors personnel. If our advisor
were to lose the benefit of the experience, efforts and
abilities of any these individuals, our operating results could
suffer.
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Our
advisor and its affiliates, including our officers and our
affiliated directors, will face conflicts of interest caused by
compensation arrangements with us, which could result in actions
that are not in the best interests of our
stockholders.
Our advisor and its affiliates will receive substantial fees
from us in return for their services and these fees could
influence the advice provided to us. Among other matters, these
compensation arrangements could affect their judgment with
respect to:
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public offerings of equity by us, which allow the dealer manager
to earn additional dealer manager fees and allows our advisor to
earn increased acquisition fees and investment management fees;
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real property sales, since the investment management fees and
property management fees payable to our advisor and its
affiliates will decrease; and
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the purchase of assets from our sponsor and its affiliates,
which may allow our advisor or its affiliates to earn additional
acquisition fees, investment management fees and property
management fees.
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Further, our advisor may recommend that we invest in a
particular asset or pay a higher purchase price for the asset
than it would otherwise recommend if it did not receive an
acquisition fee in connection with such transactions. Certain
potential acquisition fees and investment management fees
payable to our advisor and property management fees payable to
our property managers will be paid irrespective of the quality
of the underlying real estate or property management services.
These fees may influence our advisor to recommend transactions
with respect to the sale of a property or properties that may
not be in our best interest. Our advisor will have considerable
discretion with respect to the terms and timing of our
acquisition, disposition and leasing transactions. In evaluating
investments and other management strategies, the opportunity to
earn these fees may lead our advisor to place undue emphasis on
criteria relating to its compensation at the expense of other
criteria, such as the preservation of capital, to achieve higher
short-term compensation. This could result in decisions that are
not in the best interests of our stockholders.
You
will not have the benefit of an independent due diligence review
in connection with this offering.
Because the dealer manager, Steadfast Capital Markets Group, is
an affiliate, investors will not have the benefit of an
independent due diligence review and investigation of the type
normally performed by an unaffiliated, independent underwriter
in connection with a securities offering. The lack of an
independent due diligence review and investigation increases the
risk of your investment because it may not have uncovered facts
that would be important to a potential investor.
We may
compete with affiliates of our sponsor for opportunities to
acquire or sell investments, which may have an adverse impact on
our operations.
We may compete with affiliates of our sponsor for opportunities
to acquire or sell real properties and other real estate-related
assets. We may also buy or sell real properties and other real
estate-related assets at the same time as affiliates of our
sponsor. In this regard, there is a risk that our sponsor will
select for us investments that provide lower returns to us than
investments purchased by its affiliates. Certain of our
affiliates own or manage real properties in geographical areas
in which we expect to own real properties. As a result of our
potential competition with affiliates of our sponsor, certain
investment opportunities that would otherwise be available to us
may not in fact be available. This competition may also result
in conflicts of interest that are not resolved in our favor.
The
time and resources that our sponsor and its affiliates could
devote to us may be diverted to other investment activities, and
we may face additional competition due to the fact that our
sponsor and its affiliates are not prohibited from raising money
for, or managing, another entity that makes the same types of
investments that we do.
Our sponsor and its affiliates are not prohibited from raising
money for, or managing, another investment entity that makes the
same types of investments as we do. As a result, the time and
resources they could devote to us may be diverted to other
investment activities. Additionally, some of our directors and
officers may serve as directors and officers of investment
entities sponsored by our sponsor and its affiliates. We cannot
currently estimate the time our officers and directors will be
required to devote to us because the time
27
commitment required of our officers and directors will vary
depending upon a variety of factors, including, but not limited
to, general economic and market conditions effecting us, the
amount of proceeds raised in this offering and our
advisors ability to locate and acquire investments that
meet our investment objectives. Since these professionals engage
in and will continue to engage in other business activities on
behalf of themselves and others, these professionals will face
conflicts of interest in allocating their time among us, our
advisor, other Steadfast affiliates and other business
activities in which they are involved. This could result in
actions that are more favorable to other Steadfast affiliates
than to us.
In addition, we may compete with other Steadfast affiliates for
the same investors and investment opportunities. We may also
co-invest with any such investment entity. Even though all such
co-investments will be subject to approval by our independent
directors, they could be on terms not as favorable to us as
those we could achieve co-investing with a third party.
Our
advisor may have conflicting fiduciary obligations if we acquire
assets from affiliates of our sponsor or enter into joint
ventures with affiliates of our sponsor. As a result, in any
such transaction we may not have the benefit of
arms-length negotiations of the type normally conducted
between unrelated parties.
Our advisor may cause us to invest in a property owned by, or
make an investment in equity securities in or real
estate-related loans to, our sponsor or its affiliates or
through a joint venture with affiliates of our sponsor. In these
circumstances, our advisor will have a conflict of interest when
fulfilling its fiduciary obligation to us. In any such
transaction, we would not have the benefit of arms-length
negotiations of the type normally conducted between unrelated
parties.
The
fees we pay to affiliates in connection with this offering and
in connection with the acquisition and management of our
investments were determined without the benefit of
arms-length negotiations of the type normally conducted
between unrelated parties.
The fees to be paid to our advisor, our property managers, the
dealer manager and other affiliates for services they provide
for us were determined without the benefit of arms-length
negotiations of the type normally conducted between unrelated
parties, may be in excess of amounts that we would otherwise pay
to third parties for such services and may reduce the amount of
cash that would otherwise be available for investments in real
properties and distributions to our stockholders.
Risks
Related To Investments in Real Estate
Our
operating results will be affected by economic and regulatory
changes that impact the real estate market in
general.
Our investments in real properties will be subject to risks
generally attributable to the ownership of real property,
including:
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changes in global, national, regional or local economic,
demographic or real estate market conditions;
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changes in supply of or demand for similar properties in an area;
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increased competition for real property investments targeted by
our investment strategy;
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bankruptcies, financial difficulties or lease defaults by our
tenants;
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changes in interest rates and availability of financing;
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changes in the terms of available financing, including more
conservative
loan-to-value
requirements and shorter debt maturities;
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changes in government rules, regulations and fiscal policies,
including changes in tax, real estate, environmental and zoning
laws; and
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the severe curtailment of liquidity for certain real
estate-related assets.
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28
All of these factors are beyond our control. Any negative
changes in these factors could affect our ability to meet our
obligations and make distributions to stockholders.
We are unable to predict future changes in national, regional or
local economic, demographic or real estate market conditions.
For example, a recession or rise in interest rates could make it
more difficult for us to lease or dispose of real properties and
could make alternative interest-bearing and other investments
more attractive and therefore potentially lower the relative
value of the real estate assets we acquire. These conditions, or
others we cannot predict, may adversely affect our results of
operations and returns to our stockholders. In addition, the
value of the real properties we acquire may decrease following
the date we acquire such properties due to the risks described
above or any other unforeseen changes in market conditions. If
the value of our real properties decreases, we may be forced to
dispose of the properties at a price lower than the price we
paid to acquire our properties, which could adversely impact our
results of operations and our ability to make distributions and
return capital to our investors.
Real
property that incurs a vacancy could be difficult to sell or
re-lease.
Real property may incur a vacancy either by the continued
default of a tenant under its lease or the expiration of one of
our leases. Additionally, the recent economic downturn in the
United States may lead to increased defaults by tenants. Certain
of the real properties we acquire may have some level of vacancy
at the time of closing. Certain other real properties may be
specifically suited to the particular needs of a tenant and may
become vacant. There can be no assurances that we will have the
funds available to correct defects or make capital improvements
necessary to attract replacement tenants. As a result, we may
have difficulty obtaining a new tenant for any vacant space we
have in our real properties. If the vacancy continues for a long
period of time, we may suffer reduced revenues resulting in
lower cash distributions to stockholders. In addition, the
resale value of the real property could be diminished because
the market value may depend principally upon the value of the
leases of such real property.
We
will compete with numerous other persons and entities for real
estate assets and tenants.
We will compete with numerous other persons and entities in
acquiring real property and attracting tenants to real
properties we acquire. These persons and entities may have
greater experience and financial strength than us. There is no
assurance that we will be able to acquire real properties or
attract tenants to real properties we acquire on favorable
terms, if at all. For example, our competitors may be willing to
offer space at rental rates below our rates, causing us to lose
existing or potential tenants and pressuring us to reduce our
rental rates to retain existing tenants or convince new tenants
to lease space at our properties. Each of these factors could
adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition,
value of our investments and ability to pay distributions to you.
Delays
in the acquisition and construction of real properties may have
adverse effects on our results of operations and returns to our
stockholders.
Delays we encounter in the selection and acquisition of real
properties could adversely affect your returns. Where properties
are acquired prior to the start of construction or during the
early stages of construction, it will typically take several
months to complete construction and rent available space.
Therefore, you could suffer delays in receiving cash
distributions attributable to those particular real properties.
Delays in completion of construction could give tenants the
right to terminate preconstruction leases for space at a newly
developed project. We may incur additional risks when we make
periodic progress payments or other advances to builders prior
to completion of the construction of a real property. Each of
those factors could result in increased costs of a project or
loss of our investment. In addition, we will be subject to
normal
lease-up
risks relating to newly constructed projects. Furthermore, the
price we agree to pay for a real property will be based on our
projections of rental income and expenses and estimates of the
fair market value of the real property upon completion of
construction. If our projections are inaccurate, we may pay too
much for a real property.
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Real
properties are illiquid investments, and we may be unable to
adjust our portfolio in response to changes in economic or other
conditions or sell a property if or when we decide to do
so.
Real properties are illiquid investments. We may be unable to
adjust our portfolio in response to changes in economic or other
conditions. In addition, the real estate market is affected by
many factors, such as general economic conditions, availability
of financing, interest rates, supply and demand, and other
factors that are beyond our control. We cannot predict whether
we will be able to sell any real property for the price or on
the terms set by us, or whether any price or other terms offered
by a prospective purchaser would be acceptable to us. We cannot
predict the length of time needed to find a willing purchaser
and to close the sale of a real property.
We may be required to expend funds to correct defects or to make
improvements before a real property can be sold. We cannot
assure you that we will have funds available to correct such
defects or to make such improvements.
In acquiring a real property, we may agree to restrictions that
prohibit the sale of that real property for a period of time or
impose other restrictions, such as a limitation on the amount of
debt that can be placed or repaid on that real property. Our
real properties may also be subject to resale restrictions. All
these provisions would restrict our ability to sell a property,
which could reduce the amount of cash available for distribution
to our stockholders.
Competition
from other apartment communities for tenants could reduce our
profitability and the return on your investment.
The apartment community industry is highly competitive. This
competition could reduce occupancy levels and revenues at our
apartment communities, which would adversely affect our
operations. We expect to face competition from many sources. We
will face competition from other apartment communities both in
the immediate vicinity and in the larger geographic market where
our apartment communities will be located. Overbuilding of
apartment communities may also occur. If so, this will increase
the number of apartment units available and may decrease
occupancy and apartment rental rates. In addition, increases in
operating costs due to inflation may not be offset by increased
apartment rental rates.
Increased
competition and increased affordability of single-family homes
could limit our ability to retain residents, lease apartment
units or increase or maintain rents.
Any apartment communities we may acquire will most likely
compete with numerous housing alternatives in attracting
residents, including single-family homes, as well as owner
occupied single- and multifamily homes available to rent.
Competitive housing in a particular area and the increasing
affordability of owner occupied single- and multifamily homes
available to rent or buy caused by declining mortgage interest
rates and government programs to promote home ownership could
adversely affect our ability to retain our residents, lease
apartment units and increase or maintain rental rates.
Short-term
multifamily and apartment leases expose us to the effects of
declining market rent, which could adversely impact our ability
to make cash distributions to our stockholders.
We expect that substantially all of our apartment leases will be
for a term of one year or less. Because these leases generally
permit the residents to leave at the end of the lease term
without penalty, our rental revenues may be impacted by declines
in market rents more quickly than if our leases were for longer
terms.
Increased
construction of similar properties that compete with our
apartment communities in any particular location could adversely
affect the operating results of our properties and our cash
available for distribution to our stockholders.
We may acquire apartment communities in locations which
experience increases in construction of properties that compete
with our apartment communities. This increased competition and
construction could:
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make it more difficult for us to find tenants to lease units in
our apartment communities;
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force us to lower our rental prices in order to lease units in
our apartment communities; and/or
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substantially reduce our revenues and cash available for
distribution to our stockholders.
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Our
leases with tenants of some of our industrial properties are
expected to be short-term leases, which may result in increased
operating expenses if those tenants vacate their space and we
are forced to locate new tenants.
We expect that a portion of our portfolio of real property
investments will be comprised of properties with industrial
tenants. The leases for these industrial tenants may be
short-term leases, ranging from one to five year terms.
Short-term leases are generally less desirable than long-term
leases because long-term leases provide a more predictable
income stream over a longer period. Long-term leases also make
it easier for us to obtain longer-term, fixed-rate mortgage
financing with principal amortization, thereby moderating the
interest rate risk associated with financing or refinancing our
real properties portfolio by reducing the outstanding principal
balance over time. Short-term leases at our industrial
properties increase the risk of an extended vacancy due to the
difficulty we may experience in finding new tenants upon the
expiration of the leases. Additionally, we may incur significant
costs related to leasing commissions and tenant improvements to
attract new tenants. To the extent that a portion of our
industrial real estate portfolio is leased under the terms of
short-term leases, we will be subject to the risks of a less
predictable income stream and greater exposure to the
fluctuations in market rental rates. We will also be subject to
interest rate risks should the short-term leases result in a
mismatch with any long-term mortgage financing on the real
properties.
The
recent economic downturn in the United States may have an
adverse impact on us if we have a concentration of tenants in
adversely affected industrial markets. Slow or negative growth
in certain industries may result in defaults by those tenants
which could have an adverse effect on our financial condition
and ability to make distributions to our
stockholders.
The recent economic downturn in the United States may have an
adverse impact on us if we have a concentration of tenants in
adversely affected industrial markets. Adverse economic
conditions may result in an increase in distressed or bankrupt
industrial companies, which in turn would result in an increase
in defaults by tenants at our industrial properties.
Additionally, slow economic growth is likely to hinder new
entrants into certain industrial markets which may make it
difficult for us to fully lease our properties. Tenant defaults
and decreased demand for industrial space would have an adverse
impact on the value of our industrial properties and our results
of operations.
Tenant
and tenant roll concentrations may decrease the value of our
investments.
An industrial property typically has a few major tenants that
lease a significant portion of the propertys leasable
space. If any one of these major tenants defaults on its lease,
this will reduce the propertys income and overall value.
In addition, tenant roll concentration occurs when there are
significant leases that terminate in a given year. Tenant roll
concentration creates uncertainty as to the future cash flow of
a property or portfolio and often decreases the value a
potential purchaser will pay for one or more properties. There
is no guarantee that our industrial properties will not have
tenant roll concentration, and if such concentration occurs, it
could decrease our ability to pay distributions to our
stockholders and the value of your investment.
The
success of our single-tenant property investments will be
subject to the financial health of their tenants and the
inability of a tenant to make required lease payments or the
early termination of a lease could adversely affect our
business.
We expect a portion of our portfolio of commercial property
investments will be comprised of
single-tenant
properties. Single-tenant properties expose us to increased
default risk as default by one of our significant single
tenancies due to bankruptcy, operational failure or other
reasons could have an adverse effect on our financial condition
and ability to make distributions to our stockholders. In
addition, if the current lease for a single-tenant property is
terminated or not renewed, we may be required to make rent
concessions,
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renovate the property and pay leasing commissions in order to
lease the property to another tenant or sell the property in a
timely manner.
Actions
of joint venture partners could negatively impact our
performance.
We may enter into joint ventures with third parties, including
with entities that are affiliated with our advisor. We may also
purchase and develop properties in joint ventures or in
partnerships, co-tenancies or other co-ownership arrangements
with the sellers of the properties, affiliates of the sellers,
developers or other persons. Such investments may involve risks
not otherwise present with a direct investment in real estate,
including, for example:
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the possibility that our venture partner or co-tenant in an
investment might become bankrupt;
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that the venture partner or co-tenant may at any time have
economic or business interests or goals which are, or which
become, inconsistent with our business interests or goals;
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that such venture partner or co-tenant may be in a position to
take action contrary to our instructions or requests or contrary
to our policies or objectives;
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the possibility that we may incur liabilities as a result of an
action taken by such venture partner;
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that disputes between us and a venture partner may result in
litigation or arbitration that would increase our expenses and
prevent our officers and directors from focusing their time and
effort on our business;
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the possibility that if we have a right of first refusal or
buy/sell right to buy out a co-venturer, co-owner or partner, we
may be unable to finance such a buy-out if it becomes
exercisable or we may be required to purchase such interest at a
time when it would not otherwise be in our best interest to do
so; or
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the possibility that we may not be able to sell our interest in
the joint venture if we desire to exit the joint venture.
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Under certain joint venture arrangements, neither venture
partner may have the power to control the venture and an impasse
may be reached, which might have a negative influence on the
joint venture and decrease potential returns to you. In
addition, to the extent that our venture partner or co-tenant is
an affiliate of our advisor, certain conflicts of interest will
exist.
Our
real properties will be subject to property taxes that may
increase in the future, which could adversely affect our cash
flow.
Our real properties are subject to real and personal property
taxes that may increase as tax rates change and as the real
properties are assessed or reassessed by taxing authorities. We
anticipate that certain of our leases will generally provide
that the property taxes, or increases therein, are charged to
the lessees as an expense related to the real properties that
they occupy, while other leases will generally provide that we
are responsible for such taxes. In any case, as the owner of the
properties, we are ultimately responsible for payment of the
taxes to the applicable government authorities. If real property
taxes increase, our tenants may be unable to make the required
tax payments, ultimately requiring us to pay the taxes even if
otherwise stated under the terms of the lease. If we fail to pay
any such taxes, the applicable taxing authority may place a lien
on the real property and the real property may be subject to a
tax sale. In addition, we will generally be responsible for real
property taxes related to any vacant space.
Uninsured
losses or premiums for insurance coverage relating to real
property may adversely affect your returns.
We will attempt to adequately insure all of our real properties
against casualty losses. The nature of the activities at certain
properties we may acquire, such as age-restricted communities,
may expose us and our operators to potential liability for
personal injuries and property damage claims. In addition, there
are types of losses, generally catastrophic in nature, such as
losses due to wars, acts of terrorism, earthquakes, floods,
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hurricanes, pollution or environmental matters that are
uninsurable or not economically insurable, or may be insured
subject to limitations, such as large deductibles or
co-payments. Risks associated with potential acts of terrorism
could sharply increase the premiums we pay for coverage against
property and casualty claims. Mortgage lenders sometimes require
commercial property owners to purchase specific coverage against
acts of terrorism as a condition for providing mortgage loans.
These policies may not be available at a reasonable cost, if at
all, which could inhibit our ability to finance or refinance our
real properties. In such instances, we may be required to
provide other financial support, either through financial
assurances or self-insurance, to cover potential losses. Changes
in the cost or availability of insurance could expose us to
uninsured casualty losses. In the event that any of our real
properties incurs a casualty loss which is not fully covered by
insurance, the value of our assets will be reduced by any such
uninsured loss. In addition, we cannot assure you that funding
will be available to us for repair or reconstruction of damaged
real property in the future.
Costs
of complying with governmental laws and regulations related to
environmental protection and human health and safety may be
high.
All real property investments and the operations conducted in
connection with such investments are subject to federal, state
and local laws and regulations relating to environmental
protection and human health and safety. Some of these laws and
regulations may impose joint and several liability on customers,
owners or operators for the costs to investigate or remediate
contaminated properties, regardless of fault or whether the acts
causing the contamination were legal.
Under various federal, state and local environmental laws, a
current or previous owner or operator of real property may be
liable for the cost of removing or remediating hazardous or
toxic substances on such real property. These environmental laws
often impose liability whether or not the owner or operator knew
of, or was responsible for, the presence of such hazardous or
toxic substances. In addition, the presence of hazardous
substances, or the failure to properly remediate these
substances, may adversely affect our ability to sell, rent or
pledge such real property as collateral for future borrowings.
Environmental laws also may impose restrictions on the manner in
which real property may be used or businesses may be operated.
Some of these laws and regulations have been amended so as to
require compliance with new or more stringent standards as of
future dates. Compliance with new or more stringent laws or
regulations or stricter interpretation of existing laws may
require us to incur material expenditures. Future laws,
ordinances or regulations may impose material environmental
liability. Additionally, our tenants operations, the
existing condition of land when we buy it, operations in the
vicinity of our real properties, such as the presence of
underground storage tanks, or activities of unrelated third
parties, may affect our real properties. There are also various
local, state and federal fire, health, life-safety and similar
regulations with which we may be required to comply and which
may subject us to liability in the form of fines or damages for
noncompliance. In connection with the acquisition and ownership
of our real properties, we may be exposed to these costs in
connection with such regulations. The cost of defending against
environmental claims, any damages or fines we must pay,
compliance with environmental regulatory requirements or
remediating any contaminated real property could materially and
adversely affect our business and results of operations, lower
the value of our assets and, consequently, lower the amounts
available for distribution to you.
The
costs associated with complying with the Americans with
Disabilities Act may reduce the amount of cash available for
distribution to our stockholders.
Investment in real properties may also be subject to the
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, as amended, or the ADA.
Under the ADA, all places of public accommodation are required
to comply with federal requirements related to access and use by
disabled persons. We are committed to complying with the ADA to
the extent to which it applies. The ADA has separate compliance
requirements for public accommodations and
commercial facilities that generally require that
buildings and services be made accessible and available to
people with disabilities. With respect to the properties we
acquire, the ADAs requirements could require us to remove
access barriers and could result in the imposition of injunctive
relief, monetary penalties or, in some cases, an award of
damages. We will attempt to acquire properties that comply with
the ADA or place the burden on the seller or other third party,
such as a tenant, to ensure compliance
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with the ADA. We cannot assure you that we will be able to
acquire properties or allocate responsibilities in this manner.
Any monies we use to comply with the ADA will reduce the amount
of cash available for distribution to our stockholders.
To the
extent we invest in age-restricted communities, we may incur
liability by failing to comply with the Housing for Older
Persons Act, or HOPA, the Fair Housing Act, or FHA, or certain
state regulations, which may affect cash available for
distribution to our stockholders.
To the extent we invest in age-restricted communities, any such
properties must comply with the FHA, and the HOPA. The FHA
generally prohibits age-based housing discrimination; however
certain exceptions exist for housing developments that qualify
as housing for older persons. HOPA provides the legal
requirements for such housing developments. In order for housing
to qualify as housing for older persons, HOPA requires
(1) all residents of such developments to be at least
62 years of age or (2) that at least 80% of the
occupied units are occupied by at least one person who is at
least 55 years of age and that the housing community
publish and adhere to policies and procedures that demonstrate
this required intent and comply with rules issued by the United
States Department of Housing and Urban Development, or HUD, for
verification of occupancy. In addition, certain states require
that age-restricted communities register with the state.
Noncompliance with the FHA, HOPA or state registration
requirements could result in the imposition of fines, awards of
damages to private litigants, payment of attorneys fees
and other costs to plaintiffs, substantial litigation costs and
substantial costs of remediation, all of which would reduce the
amount of cash available for distribution to our stockholders.
Government
housing regulations may limit the opportunities at some of the
government-assisted housing properties we invest in, and failure
to comply with resident qualification requirements may result in
financial penalties and/or loss of benefits, such as rental
revenues paid by government agencies.
To the extent that we invest in government-assisted housing, we
may acquire properties that benefit from governmental programs
intended to provide affordable housing to individuals with low
or moderate incomes. These programs, which are typically
administered by the HUD or state housing finance agencies,
typically provide mortgage insurance, favorable financing terms,
tax credits or rental assistance payments to property owners. As
a condition of the receipt of assistance under these programs,
the properties must comply with various requirements, which
typically limit rents to pre-approved amounts and impose
restrictions on resident incomes. Failure to comply with these
requirements and restrictions may result in financial penalties
or loss of benefits. In addition, we will typically need to
obtain the approval of HUD in order to acquire or dispose of a
significant interest in or manage a
HUD-assisted
property.
Risks
Associated with Real Estate-Related Assets
Disruptions
in the financial markets and deteriorating economic conditions
could adversely impact the commercial mortgage market as well as
the market for real estate-related assets and
debt-related
investments generally, which could hinder our ability to
implement our business strategy and generate returns to
you.
We intend to allocate a portion of our portfolio to real
estate-related assets. The returns available to investors in
these investments are determined by: (1) the supply and
demand for such investments and (2) the existence of a
market for such investments, which includes the ability to sell
or finance such investments.
During periods of volatility the number of investors
participating in the market may change at an accelerated pace.
As liquidity or demand increases the returns
available to investors will decrease. Conversely, a lack of
liquidity will cause the returns available to investors to
increase. Recently concerns pertaining to the deterioration of
credit in the residential mortgage market have adversely
impacted almost all areas of the debt capital markets including
corporate bonds, asset-backed securities and commercial real
estate bonds and loans. Only recently have these markets begun
to stabilize. Future instability in the financial markets or
weakened economic conditions may interfere with the successful
implementation of our business strategy.
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If we
make or invest in mortgage loans, our mortgage loans may be
affected by unfavorable real estate market conditions and other
factors that impact the commercial real estate underlying the
mortgage loans, which could decrease the value of those loans
and the return on your investment.
If we make or invest in mortgage loans, we will be at risk of
defaults by the borrowers on those mortgage loans. These
defaults may be caused by many conditions beyond our control,
including interest rate levels, economic conditions affecting
real estate values and other factors that impact the value of
the underlying real estate, including those associated with the
financial condition of the tenants leasing the underlying real
properties and expenditures associated with the early
termination or nonrenewal of a lease, such as tenant improvement
costs and leasing commissions. The borrower may also be subject
to tenant roll concentration, in which there are significant
leases that terminate in a given year and increase the
uncertainty of the future cash flow of the property to the
borrower and ultimately to us as the holder of the mortgage in
the event the borrower defaults. See above
Risks Related to Investments in Real
Estate. We will not know whether the values of the
properties securing our mortgage loans will remain at the levels
existing on the dates of origination of those mortgage loans. If
the values of the underlying properties drop, our risk will
increase because of the lower value of the security associated
with such loans.
Real estate loans, in which we intend to invest, are secured by
multifamily or commercial properties and are subject to risks of
delinquency and foreclosure. The ability of a borrower to repay
a loan secured by an income-producing property typically is
dependent primarily upon the successful operation of such
property rather than upon the existence of independent income or
assets of the borrower. If the net operating income of the
property is reduced, the borrowers ability to repay the
loan may be impaired. Net operating income of an
income-producing property can be affected by, among other
things: tenant mix, success of tenant businesses, property
management decisions, property location and condition,
competition from comparable types of properties, changes in laws
that increase operating expenses or limit rents that may be
charged, any need to address environmental contamination at the
property, the occurrence of any uninsured casualty at the
property, changes in national, regional or local economic
conditions
and/or
specific industry segments, declines in regional or local real
estate values, declines in regional or local rental or occupancy
rates, increases in interest rates, real estate tax rates and
other operating expenses, changes in governmental rules,
regulations and fiscal policies, including environmental
legislation, natural disasters, terrorism, social unrest and
civil disturbances.
If we
make or invest in mortgage loans, our mortgage loans will be
subject to interest rate fluctuations that could reduce our
returns as compared to market interest rates and reduce the
value of the mortgage loans in the event we sell
them.
If we invest in fixed-rate, long-term mortgage loans and
interest rates rise, the mortgage loans could yield a return
that is lower than then-current market rates and the value of
the loan may decline. If interest rates decrease, we will be
adversely affected to the extent that mortgage loans are prepaid
because we may not be able to make new loans at the higher
interest rate. If we invest in variable-rate loans and interest
rates decrease, our revenues and the value of the loan will also
decrease. For these reasons, if we invest in mortgage loans, our
returns on those loans and the value of your investment will be
subject to fluctuations in interest rates.
Many
of our investments in real estate-related assets may be
illiquid, and we may not be able to vary our portfolio in
response to changes in economic and other
conditions.
Certain of the real estate-related assets that we may purchase
in connection with privately negotiated transactions will not be
registered under the relevant securities laws, resulting in a
prohibition against their transfer, sale, pledge or other
disposition except in a transaction that is exempt from the
registration requirements of, or is otherwise in accordance
with, those laws. The mezzanine and bridge loans we may purchase
will be particularly illiquid investments due to their short
life, their unsuitability for securitization and the greater
difficulty of recoupment in the event of a borrowers
default. As a result, our ability to vary our portfolio in
response to changes in economic and other conditions may be
relatively limited.
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The
mezzanine loans in which we may invest would involve greater
risks of loss than senior loans secured by income-producing real
properties.
We may invest in mezzanine loans that take the form of
subordinated loans secured by second mortgages on the underlying
real property or loans secured by a pledge of the ownership
interests of the entity owning the real property, the entity
that owns the interest in the entity owning the real property or
other assets. These types of investments involve a higher degree
of risk than long-term senior mortgage lending secured by
income-producing real property because the investment may become
unsecured as a result of foreclosure by the senior lender. In
the event of a bankruptcy of the entity providing the pledge of
its ownership interests as security, we may not have full
recourse to the assets of such entity, or the assets of the
entity may not be sufficient to satisfy our mezzanine loan. If a
borrower defaults on our mezzanine loan or debt senior to our
mezzanine loan, or in the event of a borrower bankruptcy, our
mezzanine loan will be satisfied only after the senior debt. As
a result, we may not recover some or all of our investment. In
addition, mezzanine loans will have higher
loan-to-value
ratios than conventional mortgage loans, resulting in less
equity in the real property and increasing the risk of loss of
principal and interest.
Bridge
loans may involve a greater risk of loss than conventional
mortgage loans.
We may provide bridge loans secured by first-lien mortgages on
properties to borrowers who are typically seeking short-term
capital to be used in an acquisition, development or refinancing
of real estate. The borrower may have identified an undervalued
asset that has been undermanaged or is located in a recovering
market. If the market in which the asset is located fails to
recover according to the borrowers projections, or if the
borrower fails to improve the quality of the assets
management or the value of the asset, the borrower may not
receive a sufficient return on the asset to satisfy the bridge
loan, and we may not recover some or all of our investment. In
addition, owners usually borrow funds under a conventional
mortgage loan to repay a bridge loan. We may, therefore, be
dependent on a borrowers ability to obtain permanent
financing to repay our bridge loan, which could depend on market
conditions and other factors. Bridge loans are also subject to
risks of borrower defaults, bankruptcies, fraud, losses and
special hazard losses that are not covered by standard hazard
insurance. In the event of any default under bridge loans held
by us, we bear the risk of loss of principal and nonpayment of
interest and fees to the extent of any deficiency between the
value of the mortgage collateral and the principal amount of the
bridge loan. To the extent we suffer such losses with respect to
our investments in bridge loans, the value of our company and of
our common stock may be adversely affected.
Our
real estate-related assets may be sensitive to fluctuations in
interest rates, and our hedging strategies may not be
effective.
We may use various investment strategies to hedge interest rate
risks with respect to our portfolio of real estate-related
assets. The use of interest rate hedging transactions involves
certain risks. These risks include: (1) the possibility
that the market will move in a manner or direction that would
have resulted in gain for us had an interest rate hedging
transaction not been utilized, in which case our performance
would have been better had we not engaged in the interest rate
hedging transaction; (2) the risk of imperfect correlation
between the risk sought to be hedged and the interest rate
hedging transaction used; (3) potential illiquidity for the
hedging instrument used, which may make it difficult for us to
close-out or unwind an interest rate hedging transaction; and
(4) the possibility that the counterparty fails to honor
its obligation. In addition, because we intend to qualify as a
REIT, for federal income tax purposes we will have limitations
on our income sources and the hedging strategies available to us
will be more limited than those available to companies that are
not REITs. To the extent that we do not hedge our interest rate
exposure, our profitability may be negatively impacted by
changes in long-term interest rates.
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Declines
in the market values of the real estate-related assets in which
we invest may adversely affect our periodic reported results of
operations and credit availability, which may reduce earnings
and, in turn, cash available for distribution to our
stockholders.
A portion of the real estate-related assets in which we invest
may be classified for accounting purposes as
available-for-sale.
These investments are carried at estimated fair value and
temporary changes in the market values of those assets will be
directly charged or credited to stockholders equity
without impacting net income on our income statement. Moreover,
if we determine that a decline in the estimated fair value of an
available-for-sale
security below its amortized value is
other-than-temporary,
we will recognize a loss on that security in our income
statement, which will reduce our earnings in the period
recognized.
A decline in the market value of our real estate-related assets
may adversely affect us particularly in instances where we have
borrowed money based on the market value of those assets. If the
market value of those assets declines, the lender may require us
to post additional collateral to support the loan. If we were
unable to post the additional collateral, we may have to sell
assets at a time when we might not otherwise choose to do so. A
reduction in credit available may reduce our earnings and, in
turn, cash available for distribution to stockholders.
Further, credit facility providers may require us to maintain a
certain amount of cash reserves or to set aside unlevered assets
sufficient to maintain a specified liquidity position. As a
result, we may not be able to leverage our assets as fully as we
would choose, which could reduce our return on equity. In the
event that we are unable to meet these contractual obligations,
our financial condition could deteriorate rapidly.
Market values of our investments may decline for a number of
reasons, such as market illiquidity, changes in prevailing
market rates, increases in defaults, increases in voluntary
prepayments for those of our investments that are subject to
prepayment risk, widening of credit spreads and downgrades of
ratings of the securities by ratings agencies.
Some
of the real estate-related assets in which we invest will be
carried at estimated fair value as determined by us and, as a
result, there may be uncertainty as to the value of these
investments.
Some of the real-estate-related assets in which we invest will
be in the form of securities that are recorded at fair value but
that have limited liquidity or are not publicly traded. The fair
value of securities and other investments that have limited
liquidity or are not publicly traded may not be readily
determinable. We estimate the fair value of these investments on
a quarterly basis. Because such valuations are inherently
uncertain, may fluctuate over short periods of time and may be
based on numerous estimates, our determinations of fair value
may differ materially from the values that would have been used
if a ready market for these securities existed. The value of our
common stock could be adversely affected if our determinations
regarding the fair value of these investments are materially
higher than the values that we ultimately realize upon their
disposal.
Risks
Associated With Debt Financing
Disruptions
in the financial markets and deteriorating economic conditions
could adversely affect our ability to secure debt financing on
attractive terms and the values of investments we
make.
The capital and credit markets have recently experienced extreme
volatility and disruption. Liquidity in the global credit market
has been severely contracted by these market disruptions, making
it costly to obtain new lines of credit or refinance existing
debt. We expect to finance our investments in part with debt. As
a result of the recent credit market turmoil, we may not be able
to obtain debt financing on attractive terms, if at all. For
example, lenders are currently providing debt with shorter terms
than were previously available. As such, we may be forced to use
a greater proportion of our offering proceeds to finance our
acquisitions and originations, reducing the number of
investments we would otherwise make. If the current debt market
environment persists we may modify our investment strategy in
order to optimize our portfolio performance. Our options would
include limiting or eliminating the use of debt and focusing on
those investments that do not require the use of leverage to
meet our portfolio goals.
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Future disruptions in the financial markets and deteriorating
economic conditions could adversely affect the values of any
investments we make. The recent turmoil in the capital markets
has constrained equity and debt capital available for investment
in the commercial real estate market, resulting in fewer buyers
seeking to acquire commercial properties and increases in
capitalization rates and lower property values. All of these
factors could impair our ability to make distributions to our
stockholders and decrease the value of an investment in us.
We
will incur mortgage indebtedness and other borrowings that may
increase our business risks and could hinder our ability to make
distributions and decrease the value of your
investment.
We intend to finance a portion of the purchase price of real
properties by borrowing funds. Under our charter, we have a
limitation on borrowing which precludes us from borrowing in
excess of 300% of the value of our net assets. Net assets for
purposes of this calculation are defined to be our total assets
(other than intangibles), valued at cost prior to deducting
depreciation and amortization, allowances for bad debt or other
allowances, less total liabilities. Generally speaking, the
preceding calculation is expected to approximate 75% of the
aggregate cost of our investments before depreciation and
amortization. We may borrow in excess of these amounts if such
excess is approved by a majority of the independent directors
and is disclosed to stockholders in our next quarterly report,
along with the justification for such excess. In addition, we
may incur mortgage debt and pledge some or all of our
investments as security for that debt to obtain funds to acquire
additional investments or for working capital. We may also
borrow funds as necessary or advisable to ensure we maintain our
REIT tax qualification, including the requirement that we
distribute at least 90% of our annual REIT taxable income to our
stockholders (computed without regard to the distribution paid
deduction and excluding net capital gains). Furthermore, we may
borrow in excess of the borrowing limitations in our charter if
we otherwise deem it necessary or advisable to ensure that we
maintain our qualification as a REIT for federal income tax
purposes.
High debt levels will cause us to incur higher interest charges,
which would result in higher debt service payments and could be
accompanied by restrictive covenants. If there is a shortfall
between the cash flow from a property and the cash flow needed
to service mortgage debt on that property, then the amount
available for distributions to stockholders may be reduced. In
addition, incurring mortgage debt increases the risk of loss
since defaults on indebtedness secured by a property may result
in lenders initiating foreclosure actions. In that case, we
could lose the property securing the loan that is in default,
thus reducing the value of your investment. For tax purposes, a
foreclosure on any of our properties will be treated as a sale
of the property for a purchase price equal to the outstanding
balance of the debt secured by the mortgage. If the outstanding
balance of the debt secured by the mortgage exceeds our tax
basis in the property, we will recognize taxable income on
foreclosure, but we would not receive any cash proceeds. If any
mortgage contains cross collateralization or cross default
provisions, a default on a single property could affect multiple
properties. If any of our properties are foreclosed upon due to
a default, our ability to pay cash distributions to our
stockholders will be adversely affected.
Instability
in the debt markets and our inability to find financing on
attractive terms may make it more difficult for us to finance or
refinance properties, which could reduce the number of
properties we can acquire and the amount of cash distributions
we can make to our stockholders.
If mortgage debt is unavailable on reasonable terms as a result
of increased interest rates, underwriting standards, capital
market instability or other factors, we may not be able to
finance the initial purchase of properties. In addition, if we
place mortgage debt on properties, we run the risk of being
unable to refinance such debt when the loans come due, or of
being unable to refinance on favorable terms. If interest rates
are higher when we refinance debt, our income could be reduced.
We may be unable to refinance debt at appropriate times, which
may require us to sell properties on terms that are not
advantageous to us, or could result in the foreclosure of such
properties. If any of these events occur, our cash flow would be
reduced. This, in turn, would reduce cash available for
distribution to you and may hinder our ability to raise more
capital by issuing securities or by borrowing more money.
38
Increases
in interest rates could increase the amount of our debt payments
and negatively impact our operating results.
Interest we pay on our debt obligations will reduce our cash
available for distributions. If we incur variable rate debt,
increases in interest rates would increase our interest costs,
which would reduce our cash flows and our ability to make
distributions to you. If we need to repay existing debt during
periods of rising interest rates, we could be required to
liquidate one or more of our investments at times which may not
permit realization of the maximum return on such investments.
Lenders
may require us to enter into restrictive covenants relating to
our operations, which could limit our ability to make
distributions to our stockholders.
When providing us financing, a lender may impose restrictions on
us that affect our distribution and operating policies and our
ability to incur additional debt. Loan documents we enter into
may contain covenants that limit our ability to further mortgage
a property, discontinue insurance coverage, or replace our
advisor. In addition, loan documents may limit our ability to
replace a propertys property manager or terminate certain
operating or lease agreements related to a property. These or
other limitations may adversely affect our flexibility and our
ability to achieve our investment objectives.
The
derivative financial instruments that we may use to hedge
against interest rate fluctuations may not be successful in
mitigating our risks associated with interest rates and could
reduce the overall returns on your investment.
We may use derivative financial instruments, such as interest
rate cap or collar agreements and interest rate swap agreements,
to hedge exposures to changes in interest rates on loans secured
by our assets, but no hedging strategy can protect us
completely. These agreements involve risks, such as the risk
that counterparties may fail to honor their obligations under
these arrangements and that these arrangements may not be
effective in reducing our exposure to interest rate changes. We
cannot assure you that our hedging strategy and the derivatives
that we use will adequately offset the risk of interest rate
volatility or that our hedging transactions will not result in
losses. In addition, the use of such instruments may reduce the
overall return on our investments. These instruments may also
generate income that may not be treated as qualifying REIT
income for purposes of the 75% or 95% REIT income tests.
Federal
Income Tax Risks
Failure
to qualify as a REIT would reduce our net earnings available for
investment or distribution.
Alston & Bird LLP will render an opinion to us that we
will be organized in conformity with the requirements for
qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Internal Revenue
Code and that our proposed method of operations will enable us
to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a
REIT commencing with our taxable year ending December 31, 2010.
This opinion will be based upon, among other things, our
representations as to the manner in which we are and will be
owned and the manner in which we will invest in and operate
assets. However, our qualification as a REIT will depend upon
our ability to meet requirements regarding our organization and
ownership, distributions of our income, the nature and
diversification of our income and assets and other tests imposed
by the Internal Revenue Code. Alston & Bird LLP will
not review our compliance with the REIT qualification standards
on an ongoing basis, and we may fail to satisfy the REIT
requirements in the future. Also, this opinion will represent
the legal judgment of Alston & Bird LLP based on the
law in effect as of the date of the opinion. The opinion of
Alston & Bird LLP will not be binding on the Internal
Revenue Service or the courts. Future legislative, judicial or
administrative changes to the federal income tax laws could be
applied retroactively, which could result in our
disqualification as a REIT.
If we fail to qualify as a REIT for any taxable year after
electing REIT status, we will be subject to federal income tax
on our taxable income at corporate rates. In addition, we would
generally be disqualified from treatment as a REIT for the four
taxable years following the year of losing our REIT status.
Losing our REIT status would reduce our net earnings available
for investment or distribution to stockholders because of
39
the additional tax liability. In addition, distributions to
stockholders would no longer qualify for the dividends paid
deduction and we would no longer be required to make
distributions. If this occurs, we might be required to borrow
funds or liquidate some investments in order to pay the
applicable tax. For a discussion of the REIT qualification tests
and other considerations relating to our election to be taxed as
REIT, see U.S. Federal Income Tax
Considerations.
You
may have current tax liability on distributions you elect to
reinvest in our common stock.
If you participate in our distribution reinvestment plan, you
will be deemed to have received, and for income tax purposes
will be taxed on, the amount reinvested in shares of our common
stock to the extent the amount reinvested was not a tax-free
return of capital. In addition, you will be treated for tax
purposes as having received an additional distribution to the
extent the shares are purchased at a discount to fair market
value. As a result, unless you are a tax-exempt entity, you may
have to use funds from other sources to pay your tax liability
on the value of the shares of common stock received.
Even
if we qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, we may
be subject to other tax liabilities that reduce our cash flow
and our ability to make distributions to you.
Even if we qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, we
may be subject to some federal, state and local taxes on our
income or property. For example:
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In order to qualify as a REIT, we must distribute annually at
least 90% of our REIT taxable income (which is determined
without regard to the dividends paid deduction or net capital
gain for this purpose) to our stockholders. To the extent that
we satisfy the distribution requirement but distribute less than
100% of our REIT taxable income, we will be subject to federal
corporate income tax on the undistributed income.
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We will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the
amount, if any, by which distributions we pay in any calendar
year are less than the sum of 85% of our ordinary income, 95% of
our capital gain net income and 100% of our undistributed income
from prior years.
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If we have net income from the sale of foreclosure property that
we hold primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course
of business or other non-qualifying income from foreclosure
property, we must pay a tax on that income at the highest
corporate income tax rate.
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If we sell an asset, other than foreclosure property, that we
hold primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of
business, our gain would be subject to the 100% prohibited
transaction tax unless such sale were made by one of our
taxable REIT subsidiaries.
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REIT
distribution requirements could adversely affect our ability to
execute our business plan.
We generally must distribute annually at least 90% of our REIT
taxable income (which is determined without regard to the
dividends paid deduction or net capital gain for this purpose),
subject to certain adjustments and excluding any net capital
gain in order to qualify as a REIT. To the extent that we
satisfy this distribution requirement, but distribute less than
100% of our REIT taxable income (including net capital gain), we
will be subject to federal corporate income tax on our
undistributed REIT taxable income. In addition, we will be
subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax if the actual amount
that we pay out to our stockholders in a calendar year is less
than a minimum amount specified under federal tax laws. We
intend to make distributions to our stockholders to comply with
the REIT requirements of the Internal Revenue Code.
From time to time, we may generate taxable income greater than
our taxable income for financial reporting purposes, or our
taxable income may be greater than our cash flow available for
distribution to stockholders. If we do not have other funds
available in these situations we could be required to borrow
funds, sell investments at disadvantageous prices or find
another alternative source of funds to make distributions
sufficient to enable us to pay out enough of our taxable income
to satisfy the REIT distribution requirement and to avoid
corporate income tax and the 4% excise tax in a particular year.
We do not know whether outside financing will be available to us
because of the continued disruptions in the financial markets.
Even if
40
available, the use of outside financing or other alternative
sources of funds to pay distributions could increase our costs
or dilute our stockholders equity interests. Thus,
compliance with the REIT requirements may hinder our ability to
operate solely on the basis of maximizing profits.
To
maintain our REIT status, we may be forced to forgo otherwise
attractive opportunities, which may delay or hinder our ability
to meet our investment objectives and reduce your overall
return.
To qualify as a REIT, we must satisfy certain tests on an
ongoing basis concerning, among other things, the sources of our
income, nature of our assets and the amounts we distribute to
our stockholders. We may be required to make distributions to
stockholders at times when it would be more advantageous to
reinvest cash in our business or when we do not have funds
readily available for distribution. Compliance with the REIT
requirements may hinder our ability to operate solely on the
basis of maximizing profits and the value of your investment.
Our
gains from sales of our assets are potentially subject to the
prohibited transaction tax, which could reduce the return on
your investment.
Our ability to dispose of property during the first few years
following acquisition is restricted to a substantial extent as a
result of our REIT status. We will be subject to a 100% tax on
any gain realized on the sale or other disposition of any
property (other than foreclosure property) we own, directly or
through any subsidiary entity, including our operating
partnership, but excluding our taxable REIT subsidiaries, that
is deemed to be inventory or property held primarily for sale to
customers in the ordinary course of trade or business. Whether
property is inventory or otherwise held primarily for sale to
customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business depends
on the particular facts and circumstances surrounding each
property. We intend to avoid the 100% prohibited transaction tax
by (1) conducting activities that may otherwise be
considered prohibited transactions through a taxable REIT
subsidiary, (2) conducting our operations in such a manner
so that no sale or other disposition of an asset we own,
directly or through any subsidiary other than a taxable REIT
subsidiary, will be treated as a prohibited transaction or
(3) structuring certain dispositions of our properties to
comply with certain safe harbors available under the Internal
Revenue Code for properties held at least two years. However, no
assurance can be given that any particular property we own,
directly or through any subsidiary entity, including our
operating partnership, but excluding our taxable REIT
subsidiaries, will not be treated as inventory or property held
primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a
trade or business.
Complying
with REIT requirements may force us to liquidate otherwise
attractive investments.
To qualify as a REIT, we must ensure that at the end of each
calendar quarter, at least 75% of the value of our assets
consists of cash, cash items, government securities and
qualifying real estate assets, including certain mortgage loans
and mortgage-backed securities. The remainder of our investment
in securities (other than government securities and qualified
real estate assets) generally cannot include more than 10% of
the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer or more than
10% of the total value of the outstanding securities of any one
issuer. In addition, in general, no more than 5% of the value of
our assets (other than government securities and qualified real
estate assets) can consist of the securities of any one issuer,
and no more than 25% of the value of our total assets can be
represented by securities of one or more taxable REIT
subsidiaries. See U.S. Federal Income Tax
Considerations Requirements for
Qualification-General.
If we fail to comply with these requirements at the end of any
calendar quarter, we must correct the failure within
30 days after the end of the calendar quarter or qualify
for certain statutory relief provisions to avoid losing our REIT
qualification and suffering adverse tax consequences. As a
result, we may be required to liquidate from our portfolio
otherwise attractive investments. These actions could have the
effect of reducing our income and amounts available for
distribution to our stockholders.
41
Liquidation
of assets may jeopardize our REIT qualification.
To qualify as a REIT, we must comply with requirements regarding
our assets and our sources of income. If we are compelled to
liquidate our investments to repay obligations to our lenders,
we may be unable to comply with these requirements, ultimately
jeopardizing our qualification as a REIT, or we may be subject
to a 100% tax on any resultant gain if we sell assets that are
treated as dealer property or inventory.
The
failure of a mezzanine loan to qualify as a real estate asset
could adversely affect our ability to qualify as a
REIT.
We may acquire mezzanine loans. The Internal Revenue Service has
provided a safe harbor in Revenue Procedure
2003-65 for
structuring mezzanine loans so that they will be treated by the
Internal Revenue Service as a real estate asset for purposes of
the REIT asset tests, and interest derived from mezzanine loans
will be treated as qualifying mortgage interest for purposes of
the 75% gross income test, discussed below. Although the Revenue
Procedure provides a safe harbor on which taxpayers may rely, it
does not prescribe rules of substantive tax law. We may acquire
mezzanine loans that do not meet all of the requirements of the
safe harbor. In the event we own a mezzanine loan that does not
meet the safe harbor, the Internal Revenue Service could
challenge such loans treatment as a real estate asset for
purposes of the REIT asset and income tests and, if such a
challenge were sustained, we could fail to qualify as a REIT.
Legislative
or regulatory action could adversely affect
investors.
In recent years, numerous legislative, judicial and
administrative changes have been made to the federal income tax
laws applicable to investments in REITs and similar entities.
Additional changes to tax laws are likely to continue to occur
in the future and we cannot assure you that any such changes
will not adversely affect the taxation of a stockholder. Any
such changes could have an adverse effect on an investment in
shares of our common stock. We urge you to consult with your own
tax advisor with respect to the status of legislative,
regulatory or administrative developments and proposals and
their potential effect on an investment in shares of our common
stock.
Foreign
investors may be subject to FIRPTA on the sale of shares of our
common stock if we are unable to qualify as a domestically
controlled qualified investment entity.
A foreign person disposing of a U.S. real property
interest, including shares of a U.S. corporation whose
assets consist principally of U.S. real property interests,
is generally subject to a tax, known as FIRPTA, on the gain
recognized on the disposition. FIRPTA does not apply, however,
to the disposition of stock in a REIT if the REIT is a
domestically controlled qualified investment entity.
A REIT is a domestically controlled qualified investment entity
if, at all times during a specified testing period (the
continuous five year period ending on the date of disposition
or, if shorter, the entire period of the REITs existence),
less than 50% in value of its shares is held directly or
indirectly by
non-U.S. holders.
We cannot assure you that we will qualify as a domestically
controlled qualified investment entity. If we were to fail to so
qualify, gain realized by a foreign investor on a sale of our
common stock would be subject to FIRPTA unless our common stock
was traded on an established securities market and the foreign
investor did not at any time during a specified testing period
directly or indirectly own more than 5% of the value of our
outstanding common stock.
Retirement
Plan Risks
If you
fail to meet the fiduciary and other standards under ERISA or
the Internal Revenue Code as a result of an investment in our
stock, you could be subject to criminal and civil
penalties.
There are special considerations that apply to employee benefit
plans subject to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of
1974, or ERISA, (such as pension, profit-sharing or 401(k)
plans) and other retirement plans or accounts subject to
Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code (such as an IRA
or Keogh plan) whose assets are being invested in our common
stock. If you are investing the assets of such a plan (including
42
assets of an insurance company general account or entity whose
assets are considered plan assets under ERISA) or account in our
common stock, you should satisfy yourself that:
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your investment is consistent with your fiduciary obligations
under ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code;
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your investment is made in accordance with the documents and
instruments governing your plan or IRA, including your plan or
accounts investment policy;
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your investment satisfies the prudence and diversification
requirements of Section 404(a)(1)(B) and 404(a)(1)(C) of ERISA
and other applicable provisions of ERISA
and/or the
Internal Revenue Code;
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your investment will not impair the liquidity of the plan or IRA;
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your investment will not produce unrelated business taxable
income, referred to as UBTI, for the plan or IRA;
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you will be able to value the assets of the plan annually in
accordance with ERISA requirements and applicable provisions of
the plan or IRA; and
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your investment will not constitute a prohibited transaction
under Section 406 of ERISA or Section 4975 of the
Internal Revenue Code.
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Failure to satisfy the fiduciary standards of conduct and other
applicable requirements of ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code
may result in the imposition of civil and criminal penalties and
could subject the fiduciary to equitable remedies. In addition,
if an investment in our common stock constitutes a prohibited
transaction under ERISA or the Internal Revenue Code, the
fiduciary that authorized or directed the investment may be
subject to the imposition of excise taxes with respect to the
amount invested. For a discussion of the considerations
associated with an investment in our shares by a qualified
employee benefit plan or IRA, see ERISA
Considerations.
43
CAUTIONARY
NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Statements included in this prospectus that are not historical
facts (including any statements concerning investment
objectives, other plans and objectives of management for future
operations or economic performance, or assumptions or forecasts
related thereto) are forward-looking statements. These
statements are only predictions. We caution that forward-looking
statements are not guarantees. Actual events or our investments
and results of operations could differ materially from those
expressed or implied in any
forward-looking
statements. Forward-looking statements are typically identified
by the use of terms such as may, should,
expect, could, intend,
plan, anticipate, estimate,
believe, continue, predict,
potential or the negative of such terms and other
comparable terminology.
The forward-looking statements included herein are based upon
our current expectations, plans, estimates, assumptions and
beliefs that involve numerous risks and uncertainties.
Assumptions relating to the foregoing involve judgments with
respect to, among other things, future economic, competitive and
market conditions and future business decisions, all of which
are difficult or impossible to predict accurately and many of
which are beyond our control. Although we believe that the
expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are
based on reasonable assumptions, our actual results and
performance could differ materially from those set forth in the
forward-looking statements. Factors which could have a material
adverse effect on our operations and future prospects include,
but are not limited to:
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our ability to effectively deploy the proceeds raised in this
offering;
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changes in economic conditions generally and the real estate and
debt markets specifically;
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legislative or regulatory changes (including changes to the laws
governing the taxation of REITs);
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the availability of capital;
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interest rates; and
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changes to generally accepted accounting principles.
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Any of the assumptions underlying forward-looking statements
could be inaccurate. You are cautioned not to place undue
reliance on any forward-looking statements included in this
prospectus. All
forward-looking
statements are made as of the date of this prospectus and the
risk that actual results will differ materially from the
expectations expressed in this prospectus will increase with the
passage of time. Except as otherwise required by the federal
securities laws, we undertake no obligation to publicly update
or revise any forward-looking statements after the date of this
prospectus, whether as a result of new information, future
events, changed circumstances or any other reason. In light of
the significant uncertainties inherent in the forward-looking
statements included in this prospectus, including, without
limitation, the risks described under Risk Factors,
the inclusion of such forward-looking statements should not be
regarded as a representation by us or any other person that the
objectives and plans set forth in this prospectus will be
achieved.
44
ESTIMATED
USE OF PROCEEDS
The following table presents information regarding our intended
use of proceeds from the primary offering and pursuant to our
distribution reinvestment plan. The table assumes we sell
(1) the midpoint of $750,000,000 in shares of our common
stock pursuant to the primary offering and no shares of our
common stock pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan,
(2) the maximum of $1,500,000,000 in shares of our common
stock pursuant to the primary offering and no shares of our
common stock pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan and
(3) the maximum of $1,500,000,000 in shares of our common
stock pursuant to the primary offering and $150,000,000 in
shares of our common stock pursuant to our distribution
reinvestment plan. We reserve the right to reallocate the shares
of common stock we are offering between the primary offering and
the distribution reinvestment plan.
Shares of our common stock will be offered in the primary
offering to the public at an initial price of $10.00 per share
and issued pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan at an
initial price of $9.50 per share. If we extend this offering
beyond two years from the date of its commencement, our board of
directors may, from time to time, change the price at which we
offer shares to the public in the primary offering or pursuant
to our distribution reinvestment plan to reflect changes in our
estimated net asset value per share and other factors that our
board of directors deems relevant. If we determine to change the
price at which we offer shares, we do not anticipate that we
will do so more frequently than quarterly. The actual use of the
capital we raise is likely to be different than the figures
presented in the table because we may not raise the entire
$1,500,000,000 in the primary offering or the entire
$150,000,000 pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan.
Raising less than the full $1,500,000,000 in the primary
offering or the full $150,000,000 pursuant to our distribution
reinvestment plan will alter the amounts of commissions, fees
and expenses set forth below.
The amounts in the table below assume that the full fees and
commissions are paid on all shares of our common stock offered
to the public in the primary offering. Sales commissions and, in
some cases, all or a portion of the dealer manager fee, may be
reduced or eliminated in connection with certain categories of
sales, such as sales for which a volume discount applies, sales
through investment advisors or banks acting as trustees or
fiduciaries and sales to our affiliates. The reduction in these
fees will be accompanied by a corresponding reduction in the per
share purchase price but will not affect the amounts available
to us for investments. After paying sales commissions, the
dealer manager fee and our organization and offering expenses,
we will use the net proceeds of the primary offering to invest
in real estate and real estate-related assets and to pay fees to
our advisor for the selection and acquisition of our
investments. We expect to use substantially all of the net
proceeds from the sale of shares under our distribution
reinvestment plan to repurchase shares under our share
repurchase plan. Generally, our policy will be to pay
distributions from cash flow from operations. However, our board
of directors has the authority under our organizational
documents, to the extent permitted by Maryland law, to fund
distributions from sources such as borrowings, offering proceeds
or advances and the deferral of fees and expense reimbursements
by our advisor in its sole discretion. We have not established a
limit on the amount of proceeds we may use from this offering to
fund distributions.
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Maximum Primary
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Midpoint Primary
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Maximum Primary
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Offering and Distribution
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Offering
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Offering
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Reinvestment Plan
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Amount
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%
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Amount
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%
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Amount
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%
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Gross Offering Proceeds
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$
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750,000,000
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100.00
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%
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$
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1,500,000,000
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100.00
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%
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$
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1,650,000,000
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100.00
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%
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Less Offering Expenses:
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Sales Commissions
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48,750,000
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6.50
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97,500,000
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6.50
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97,500,000
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5.91
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Dealer Manager Fee
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26,250,000
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3.50
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52,500,000
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3.50
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52,500,000
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3.18
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Organization and Offering Expenses(1)
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9,375,000
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1.25
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18,750,000
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1.25
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18,750,000
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1.14
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Net Proceeds(2)
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$
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665,625,000
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88.75
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%
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$
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1,331,250,000
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88.75
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%
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$
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1,481,250,000
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89.77
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%
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Less:
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Acquisition Fees(2)(3)
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13,312,500
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1.78
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26,625,000
|
|
|
|
1.78
|
|
|
|
29,625,000
|
|
|
|
1.80
|
|
Acquisition Expenses(3)
|
|
|
4,992,188
|
|
|
|
0.67
|
|
|
|
9,984,375
|
|
|
|
0.67
|
|
|
|
11,109,375
|
|
|
|
0.67
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Estimated Amount Available for Investments(3)(4)
|
|
$
|
647,320,312
|
|
|
|
86.30
|
%
|
|
$
|
1,294,640,625
|
|
|
|
86.30
|
%
|
|
$
|
1,440,515,625
|
|
|
|
87.30
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
45
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Includes all expenses (other than sales commissions and the
dealer manager fee) to be paid by us in connection with the
offering, including our legal, accounting, printing, mailing and
filing fees, charges of our transfer agent, expenses of
organizing the company, data processing fees, advertising and
sales literature costs, transfer agent costs and bona fide
out-of-pocket
due diligence costs. Our advisor has agreed to reimburse us to
the extent sales commissions, the dealer manager fee and other
organization and offering expenses incurred by us exceed 15% of
the gross proceeds from the primary offering. |
|
(2) |
|
This table excludes debt proceeds. To the extent we fund
investments with debt, as we expect, the total amount of funds
used for investment and the amount of acquisition fees will be
proportionately greater. |
|
(3) |
|
Amounts available for investments will include customary third
party acquisition expenses, such as legal, accounting,
consulting, appraisals, engineering, due diligence, title
insurance, closing costs and other expenses related to potential
investments regardless of whether the asset is actually
acquired. Acquisition expenses as a percentage of a real
propertys contract price vary. However, in no event will
total acquisition fees and acquisition expenses on a real
property exceed 6% of the contract price of the real property.
Furthermore, in no event will the total of all acquisition fees
and acquisition expenses paid by us, including acquisition
expenses on real properties which are not acquired, exceed 6% of
the aggregate contract price of all real properties acquired by
us. We expect acquisition expenses will constitute 0.75% of net
proceeds of our primary offering if we raise the maximum amount
offered. Until required in connection with the acquisition of
our investments, substantially all of the net offering proceeds
may be invested in short-term, highly liquid investments,
including, but not limited to, government obligations, bank
certificates of deposit, short-term debt obligations,
interest-bearing accounts and other authorized investments as
determined by our board of directors. We expect to use
substantially all of the net proceeds from the sale of shares
under our distribution reinvestment plan to repurchase shares
under our share repurchase plan. We cannot predict the precise
participation rate in our distribution reinvestment plan and we
may not raise the entire $150,000,000 pursuant to our
distribution reinvestment plan. |
|
(4) |
|
We do not anticipate establishing a general working capital
reserve out of the proceeds of this offering during the initial
stages of the offering; however, we may establish capital
reserves from offering proceeds with respect to particular
investments as required by our lenders. We also may, but are not
required to, establish annual cash reserves out of cash flow
generated by our investments or out of net cash proceeds from
the sale of our investments. |
46
MULTIFAMILY
AND INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY MARKET OVERVIEW
Multifamily
Sector Overview
The multifamily sector, including market-rate, affordable and
government subsidized apartments, remains a viable sector of the
real estate market that is likely to experience positive gains
over the next several years as the U.S. economy recovers.
The apartment market currently remains in contraction due to the
recent downturn in the U.S. economy and global capital
markets, particularly in metropolitan areas that have been
negatively impacted by the collapse of the housing bubble.
According to the Lakemont Group, an independent real estate and
economic consulting firm based in Winter Park, Florida,
apartment vacancies across the U.S. are currently high
compared to historical vacancy rates and are expected to remain
high through 2010. However, we anticipate that a cyclical upturn
in the economy, increased employment rates, favorable
demographic trends, increases in immigration rates,
stabilization in the housing market and a modest new apartment
supply will significantly improve apartment market fundamentals
and performance. We believe that the expected increase in demand
for apartments and the continued downward pressure on pricing
presents attractive near-term and longer term investment
opportunities in the multifamily sector.
The
Demand Outlook
Employment
The sharp decline in the for-sale housing market and turmoil in
the capital markets has had an adverse impact on the overall
economy. Job losses have occurred in most industries, with
housing and finance related sectors experiencing the sharpest
increases in unemployment. As of May 2010, the national
unemployment rate was 9.7%, and the number of unemployed persons
had reached approximately 15 million, according to the
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. We expect moderate job
losses through 2010 before stabilizing due to new job creation.
Historically, increases in employment and apartment occupancy
have been highly correlated. The Lakemont Group projects that
significant job creation will occur beginning in 2011, with
unemployment expected to decline to approximately 9.5% by the
end of 2011. Unemployment is expected to further decline to
approximately 7.6% in 2012 and approximately 6.3% in 2013,
according to the Lakemont Group. We believe that this growth in
employment will facilitate renewed demand for apartments and
result in an overall improvement in the performance of the
multifamily sector.
47
Homeownership
The U.S. experienced an unprecedented housing boom and
resulting bust in the last several years. Homeownership rates
climbed to an historic high in 2004, primarily due to easily
obtained credit and loose underwriting standards. Today, more
stringent lending practices for residential mortgages, higher
unemployment levels, damaged credit histories and an overall
decrease in consumer confidence have made homeownership more
difficult to obtain, especially for those in the 20 to
34 year old demographic and those with low incomes.
Additionally, we believe that the overall economic impact on
many U.S. households during the recent recession has made
it difficult for many homebuyers to meet higher down-payment
requirements. As a result of these factors, the homeownership
rate in the U.S. has retreated from its historic highs. We
expect the mortgage finance market to remain relatively
constrained over the next several years, which we believe will
result in increased demand for apartments.
48
The
Echo Boom
According to the Lakemont Group, the relationship in the
U.S. between apartment occupancy levels and growth in the
absolute number of 20 to 34 year olds is positively
correlated as individuals under 35 years of age are the
most likely age group to rent apartments. Almost 60% of
households made up of 25 to 29 year olds and 80% of
households under 25 years of age are renters, according to
the U.S. Census Bureau. After the Baby Boom,
the number of 20 to 34 year olds in the U.S. reached a
peak of 63 million in 1986. After 1986, a
13-year
decline in the 20 to 34 year old age group occurred and in
1999 the number of 20 to 34 year olds had dropped to
58.8 million. Since the beginning of this decade, however,
this trend has begun to reverse, and by 2020, the total number
of 20 to 34 year olds will reach almost 68 million,
according to the U.S. Census Bureau. We believe that this
demographic trend will have a favorable impact on multifamily
investments as the Echo Boom generation, the largest generation
since the Baby Boomers, comes of age, graduates from college,
enters the work force and creates new renter households, driving
additional demand for rental units.
(PERFORMANC E GRAPH)
49
Immigration
Another factor that impacts demand in the multifamily sector is
immigration. According to the Office of Immigration Statistics,
in the last decade, an average of one million people legally
immigrated to the U.S. annually and the number of legal
immigrants to the U.S. is expected to continue to increase
over the next decade. In fact, the U.S. Census Bureau
forecasts an average of 1.38 million immigrants each year
until 2020. Even with conservative immigration assumptions,
minorities will make up a large portion of population and
household growth in the next decade. According to the Lakemont
Group, minority and non-traditional households have a high
propensity to rent. As a result, we believe that apartment
demand will increase as immigration to the U.S. continues
to increase.
Apartment
Fundamentals
At the end of the first quarter of 2010, national apartment
vacancy levels remained at approximately 8%, significantly above
historical averages. This increase in vacancies is the result of
the recent economic recession and the overbuilding in both the
for-rent and for-sale markets, which created excess housing
units relative to household demand. The lingering impact of
shadow supply from for-sale housing occupied by renters is
presenting landlords with increased competition. According to
the Lakemont Group, vacancy rates are likely to remain high
through 2010 as a result of significant new supply entering the
market and slower growth in the number of renters. Additionally,
rent concessions are common in most markets, which has caused
effective rent to fall even more than stated rents. High vacancy
rates and continued rent concessions are likely to result in
reduced net operating income and decreased prices for
multifamily properties, which we believe will present unique
investment opportunities in the sector.
We believe that fundamentals in the multifamily sector will
begin to improve by the end of 2010 due to the relatively low
level of new supply entering the market, the expected
improvement of the U.S. economy and the decrease in shadow
supply from for-sale housing. Additionally, available financing
for development is currently severely constrained. Government
agency lenders Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac have availability only
on relatively lender favorable terms, and other lenders have
virtually no availability on any terms. As a result, we believe
new construction will be limited and the refinancing of existing
loans will continue to be difficult. We expect new supply in
2010 and 2011 to be well below long-term averages. According to
the Lakemont Group, by 2011 demand is expected to outpace supply
by 1%-2%, thus reducing vacancy rates. The resulting improvement
of fundamentals in the multifamily sector should enable
landlords to increase revenue by eliminating rent concessions
and raising nominal rents, which will ultimately improve the
performance of investments in the multifamily sector.
50
Higher
Apartment Yields
We believe that investments in the multifamily sector will
provide an opportunity for attractive returns in the future,
beginning generally in 2010. At present, the market is working
through the excesses of the past several years, exacerbated by a
sharp downturn in fundamentals of the multifamily sector.
Nevertheless, as these fundamentals begin to stabilize, we
believe capitalization rates (the ratio between net operating
income produced by a property and its cost) will continue to
rise as many distressed sellers are forced to sell their
properties with the resulting prices for such properties falling
dramatically. We believe opportunities will arise to purchase
properties well below replacement costs. Although it will take
time for property values to recover, properties purchased below
replacement cost levels with moderate debt should provide
favorable risk-adjusted returns for long-term investors. In
addition, we believe that we may be entering an inflationary
period, during which apartment leases with shorter terms,
typically one year in length or less, will allow rents to be
quickly adjusted, thus providing an inflation hedge for
investors.
Conclusion
We believe that the stabilization of the housing market and the
U.S. economy as a whole will have a positive impact on
apartment market fundamentals (including both market-rate,
affordable apartments and government subsidized multifamily
projects) over the intermediate term. Favorable demographic
trends, such as the Echo Boomers and new immigrants,
continue to underpin the positive outlook for apartment demand
while the credit crisis has created difficulties for new supply
construction. We believe that this economic environment will
cause transaction volume to increase at higher capitalization
rates as many existing apartment owners find they can no longer
hold on to their properties, creating potentially attractive
investment opportunities during the period in which proceeds of
this offering are expected to be deployed.
Industrial
Sector Overview
Although the industrial sector has been negatively impacted by
the recent downturn in the U.S. economy, we believe that
the industrial market may be ready to post a strong recovery due
to the high correlation between growth in the gross domestic
product, or GDP growth, and demand for industrial space. Most
sectors of real estate will require GDP growth to spur
employment growth in order to realize significant recovery in
demand fundamentals. The industrial sector, however, is closely
correlated with GDP growth and therefore is likely to experience
recovery ahead of other real estate sectors such as office and
retail. Currently, the industrial market is experiencing
historic vacancy levels as excessive supply has been followed by
a severe decline in demand. Due to the recent U.S. economic
downturn, operating fundamentals in the industrial sector have
been adversely impacted and assets are currently priced to
assume that the economic conditions impacting the industrial
sector will continue to deteriorate. The lack of available
credit has resulted in additional upward pressure on
capitalization rates. As a result of these factors, we believe
that opportunities to purchase quality industrial properties at
attractive prices currently exist.
51
The
Demand Outlook
Ultimately, GDP growth drives demand for industrial space. GDP
growth in turn relies on consumption, manufacturing output,
exports, business investment and government spending. Of these
factors, recent decreases in consumer spending and manufacturing
output have dramatically hindered GDP growth, and, in turn,
demand for industrial space. However, as the economy recovers,
we are optimistic that demand for industrial space will improve
with GDP growth. Shipping weight is also a critical factor in
determining demand for warehouse space. According to the Federal
Highway Administrations Freight Analysis Framework,
freight flows, the tonnage of goods being moved by all means
from place to place, is expected to increase significantly over
the next decade. As a result, we believe it is likely that
demand for industrial space will begin to increase by 2011. With
capitalization rates already on the rise and properties trading
below replacement cost, we believe that attractive opportunities
to purchase industrial properties in the near to
mid-term
will be available.
52
Additionally, we believe that even as technology and logistics
continue to improve and goods are moved around the globe more
efficiently, the demand for warehouse space is likely to
increase once the economy recovers from the recession. A seminal
2007 study on warehouse demand by Glenn Mueller and Andrew
Mueller entitled Warehouse Demand and the Path of Goods
Movement, or the 2007 Mueller study, notes that the need
for warehouse space ...continues to grow as the
U.S. population grows and a more wealthy society demands
more goods.
Industrial
Supply & Demand
With demand continuing to decline and some, albeit modest, new
supply reaching the market, the Lakemont Group projects that
vacancies in the industrial sector will continue to rise through
2010 up to the 13%-15% range, which should represent a
substantial increase in rates from the boom periods
in 2006 and 2007.
The supply of industrial property was uncharacteristically slow
to respond to the recent economic downturn due to the
availability of low cost construction financing throughout most
of 2007. However, the recent credit crisis has negatively
impacted speculative development in the sector. In addition to
limiting new construction, the credit crisis has resulted in the
postponement of many active projects; thus we believe that new
construction will continue to be limited in 2010. Due to the
high correlation of GDP growth to industrial space demand, we
believe that increases in demand resulting from anticipated GDP
growth can translate into occupancy gains more quickly in the
industrial sector than in most other sectors.
We believe that demand in the industrial sector will be low in
2010, which we expect to be a rebuilding year for the
U.S. economy. However, we believe growth prospects for the
industrial sector are strong for 2011 and subsequent years as
demand for industrial property is projected to outpace supply by
1%-1.5% per year in 2011 and 2012 according to the Lakemont
Group. We believe that the expected recovery in market
fundamentals from 2011 to 2012 presents an attractive
opportunity to invest in the industrial sector in 2010 and
subsequent years.
Drivers
of Value
Commercial real estate assets generate investment returns
through net operating income, or NOI, and appreciation in asset
value. Over the next year, we expect real estate of all types to
decline in value due to decreases in both NOI and asset value.
First, property fundamentals will likely remain weak throughout
2010 and hence properties will likely generate less NOI.
Additionally, with current constraints in the capital markets
and the expectation of numerous distressed properties becoming
available for sale, we expect capitalization rates to rise
significantly, which will cause asset values to fall
substantially. We expect that the combination of these two
effects will allow us to purchase assets well below replacement
costs with higher capitalization rates than have prevailed in
recent years. We believe that these factors may create
attractive opportunities for investors.
Additionally, research shows that industrial properties tend to
have relatively low levels of below the line
expenses as compared to retail and office properties,
which may allow investors to receive a higher percentage of the
properties net operating income in the form of income
yields. One of the reasons these types of expenses tend to be
lower in the industrial sector is the relative magnitude of
tenant improvement build-outs at the time of re-leasing
previously built-out space. Office and retail properties,
particularly in soft markets, must spend considerably higher
rates per square foot in altering space to meet the needs of the
new business or retailer tenant. Tenant improvement and
re-leasing costs are, on average, lower and less volatile for
industrial properties. As a result, low volatility, higher
yields, and better net cash returns underscore the
attractiveness of industrial properties.
Location
Matters
As with any real estate decision, location matters. The 2007
Mueller study notes that understanding the Path of Goods
Movement is critical in finding locations with strong
demand prospects. This study shows that there is a need to
occupy significant warehouse space in locations with high
shipping tonnage. Given the
53
recent relative decline in U.S. manufacturing, we believe
that a large amount of industrial space will be in demand in or
near the top U.S. seaport cities in the near term.
Additionally, according to the 2007 Mueller study, major
shipping centers located near the U.S. border will
increasingly require industrial space as U.S. trade
increases with neighboring countries.
Conclusion
We believe that the industrial sector will likely reach historic
vacancy levels in 2010, as excessive supply combines with a
severe decline in demand. As the economy begins to emerge from
the recession, we expect fundamentals to improve with solid
demand prospects beginning in 2011. As a result, we believe we
may be able to benefit from attractive pricing for industrial
sector assets during the period in which we expect to be
investing the net proceeds of this offering, and thereafter may
be able to take advantage of recovering fundamentals in terms of
current income and appreciation in value of our industrial
portfolio.
54
INVESTMENT
OBJECTIVES, STRATEGY AND POLICIES
Investment
Objectives
Our primary investment objectives are to:
|
|
|
|
|
preserve, protect and return invested capital;
|
|
|
|
pay attractive, stable cash distributions to
stockholders; and
|
|
|
|
realize capital appreciation in the value of our investments
over the long term.
|
We cannot assure you that we will attain these objectives or
that the value of our assets will not decrease. Furthermore,
within our investment objectives and policies, our advisor will
have substantial discretion with respect to the selection of
specific investments and the purchase and sale of our assets,
subject to the approval of our board of directors.
Investment
Strategy
We intend to use the net proceeds of this offering to invest in
a diverse portfolio of real estate investments located
throughout the United States, primarily in the multifamily
sector. We intend to acquire and actively manage stabilized,
income-producing properties, with the objective of providing a
stable and secure source of income for our stockholders, and
maximizing potential returns upon disposition of our assets
through capital appreciation. Within our multifamily portfolio,
we will focus on investments in workforce housing
that satisfy our investment goals. Workforce housing generally
means housing that is affordable for middle income families or,
more specifically, households earning between 60% and 120% of
median income within a geographic area. We also intend to invest
in age-restricted housing and government assisted housing. See
Multifamily Investments Stabilized
Properties. In addition to investments in multifamily
properties, we intend to invest in industrial properties,
including warehouse and light manufacturing facilities. See
Industrial Investments.
While our emphasis will be on stabilized, income-producing
multifamily and industrial assets, a limited portion of our
overall portfolio may include properties that offer value-add
opportunities through renovation, redevelopment or
repositioning. Further, we may seek to acquire or originate
mortgage, mezzanine, bridge, commercial real estate and other
real estate loans as well as securities of other real estate
companies, all of which we collectively refer to herein as
real estate-related assets, in each case provided
that the underlying real estate generally meets our criteria for
direct investment. We may also acquire any other investment
that, in the opinion of our board of directors, meets our
investment objectives, is consistent with our intent to operate
as a REIT and is in our stockholders best interests.
After we have invested substantially all of our offering
proceeds, we expect that multifamily properties will comprise
between 55% and 75% of the aggregate cost of our portfolio;
industrial properties will comprise between 20% and 30% of the
aggregate cost of our portfolio; and a combination of real
estate-related assets and other investments will not exceed 25%
of the aggregate cost of our portfolio. Our board of directors
may revise this targeted portfolio allocation from time to time,
or at any time, if it determines that a different portfolio
composition is in our stockholders best interests.
Real
Property Portfolio Investment Characteristics
We expect to acquire a portfolio of multifamily and industrial
properties that is diversified in terms of geography, property
type, tenants, and lease expirations; although the number and
mix of properties acquired will largely depend upon real estate
market conditions and other circumstances existing at the time
properties are acquired. In pursuing our investment objectives
and selecting our real property investments, our advisor will
consider a number of factors, including, but not limited to, the
following:
|
|
|
|
|
positioning our overall portfolio to achieve diversity by
property type, geography, lease expirations and tenant industry;
|
55
|
|
|
|
|
macroeconomic and microeconomic employment and demographic data
and trends of the submarket where the investment is located;
|
|
|
|
regional, market and property specific supply and demand
dynamics;
|
|
|
|
transaction size and projected property-level leverage;
|
|
|
|
physical condition of the property and the need for capital
expenditures;
|
|
|
|
property location and positioning within its market;
|
|
|
|
design characteristics of the property;
|
|
|
|
types and duration of leases related to the property;
|
|
|
|
adequacy of parking and access to public transportation;
|
|
|
|
credit quality of in-place tenants and the potential for future
rent increases;
|
|
|
|
income-producing capacity of the property;
|
|
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|
opportunities for capital appreciation based on property
repositioning, operating expense reductions and other factors;
|
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potential to otherwise add value to the property;
|
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|
risk characteristics of the investment compared to the potential
returns and availability of alternative investments;
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REIT qualification requirements;
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|
|
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liquidity and tax considerations; and
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|
|
|
other factors considered important to meet our investment
objectives.
|
Our ability to achieve a diversified portfolio depends greatly
on the amount of proceeds raised in our offering. We are not
limited as to the geographic area in which we may conduct our
operations, although we intend to focus on investments in the
United States. We are not specifically limited in the number or
size of properties we may acquire, or in the percentage of net
proceeds of this offering that we may invest in a single
property, provided that our board of directors has determined
that such an investment is in the best interests of our
stockholders.
Multifamily
Investments
We intend to invest in a diversified portfolio of multifamily
assets throughout the United States. Our investments will
include stabilized, income-producing apartment communities that
we acquire directly, as well as the purchase of real
estate-related assets that are secured by or related to
multifamily properties, all of which we believe will produce an
attractive and consistent level of income and appreciation. We
may also invest in apartment communities that offer the
potential of significant capital appreciation through property
renovation, redevelopment or repositioning. We expect to be able
to achieve favorable pricing in the purchase of our properties
from distressed sellers or lenders who are willing to sell
assets to us at a significant discount due to current market
conditions. Property owners that need cash in order to support
troubled investments or operations may be motivated to sell
existing properties at discounted prices. We intend to identify
these types of investments through our advisors existing
network of relationships with owners, lenders, loan servicers
and real estate brokers. Additionally, we will seek to acquire
mortgages and equity securities of other real estate companies
with the intent of ultimately owning the underlying property.
We will primarily seek to acquire apartment communities with 100
or more units and values greater than $10,000,000 located in
urban and suburban areas throughout the United States. We
believe that competition for smaller properties is greater due
to increased availability of debt financing for smaller
acquisitions and the reluctance of investors to commit
significant equity to single properties. As a result, we may
target larger properties with prices well in excess of the
minimum target cost, but generally plan to pursue acquisition of
56
properties valued at $10,000,000 to $25,000,000. This price
range will allow us to benefit from economies of scale, and may
also enable us to better diversify risk across investments and
geographic submarkets. We may also pursue opportunities to
acquire large portfolios in desirable geographic locations.
Some of the multifamily properties we may acquire may be
mixed-use projects, typically with ground floor retail space.
Retail space is generally more valuable as an amenity to
apartment residents rather than having a significant positive
impact on cash flow. Therefore, underwriting for ground floor
retail will likely assume limited if any net rental income
unless the property has historically generated substantial
income from the retail portion or in properties is which the
retail space is leased to regional or national tenants with
strong balance sheets
and/or
guarantees.
Stabilized
Properties
We intend to focus on apartment communities that are in
desirable locations and well constructed, and that produce
immediate, stable income. We will generally seek to acquire
properties that possess physical occupancy rates between 90% and
95%. We may undertake property level capital improvements
(including unit improvements) at our stabilized properties, but
generally not the type that require relocation or disruption of
existing residents for more than 24 hours. However, we may
from time to time invest in stabilized properties that require
significant capital improvements or
lease-up in
order to maximize value and enhance returns.
We intend to diversify our multifamily investments by
sub-category
of apartment community type. Accordingly, we anticipate that a
portion of the multifamily portfolio will be comprised of
workforce housing, age-restricted housing and government
assisted housing. We believe these types of apartment
communities tend to have stable occupancy and strong growth
potential.
Workforce Housing. We may invest in apartment
communities that offer rental rates that are affordable for
households earning between 60% and 120% of median income within
a geographic area. Workforce housing generally appeals to
gainfully employed community workers, such as teachers, nurses,
firefighters and office workers, who are not yet able to afford
single family homes. Workforce housing meets an essential
community need, tends to be located close to employment centers
and is generally family-oriented with
larger-sized
units and child-friendly amenities. We believe that investing in
workforce housing is desirable due to its stable occupancy
levels and returns, as well as its social value.
Age-restricted Housing. We may invest in
age-restricted housing communities, with or without
government-assisted rental programs, which are apartment
communities with amenities and floor plans designed to meet the
needs of the growing senior population. Age-restricted
properties generally require that all residents be 62 years
of age or older, or that 80% of occupied units have at least one
person who is 55 years of age or older. All such properties
will comply with U.S. Department of Housing and Urban
Development, or HUD, rules and regulations and applicable state
and local laws. Our age-restricted properties will typically
offer appropriate amenities and organized activities for active
retired or soon to be retired residents, but will not provide
meals, healthcare or similar services beyond the scope of normal
rental apartment services.
Government-Assisted Housing. We may invest in
apartment communities that qualify for rental income supported
by government assistance, primarily in the form of project-based
Section 8 housing contracts with HUD. There are two major
divisions of the Section 8 program: project-based and
resident-based (voucher) assistance. The major project based
elements of the Section 8 program have long since been
suspended or repealed, but a large number of communities
developed under various project-based programs are still
operating under the Section 8 program. We may invest in
apartment communities that were originally developed under
project-based programs with HUD. We believe that properties with
a government-subsidized affordable housing component tend to be
more stable than other apartment investments in terms of both
occupancy and cash flow. These types of properties are typically
characterized by high occupancy levels, generally with long
waiting lists, and annual contract rent increases from HUD based
on local area adjustments.
57
Re-Development/Construction
Properties
We may invest in multifamily properties that are to be developed
or redeveloped, but do not expect these investments to exceed
10% of the overall cost of our multifamily property portfolio.
These investments will be in properties where major
rehabilitation or renovation is necessary and current residents
must be relocated for an extended period of time. The property
renovations would extend beyond the normal scope of interior
improvements or system enhancements and involve structural
changes to buildings and common areas
and/or an
increase in site density. We do not intend to pursue
greenfield development with the possible exception
of providing an additional phase to an existing stabilized
property.
Underwriting
Process
We will utilize our advisors expertise in underwriting
multifamily property investments in evaluating potential real
estate opportunities to determine whether a potential apartment
community satisfies our acquisition criteria. Our advisor and
affiliates have over 30 multifamily professionals with key
members of management averaging approximately 20 years of
experience in various phases of the multifamily real estate
investment process, including credit review, real estate
underwriting, legal structuring and pricing. In analyzing
potential multifamily investment opportunities, our advisor will
review all aspects of a transaction with a focus on the
following five factors:
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target location selection;
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individual property review;
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income/expense analysis;
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capital improvement planning; and
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green initiatives.
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Target Location Selection. Our primary
acquisition criteria for our multifamily property investments
will be location. We intend to invest only in properties with
desirable locations that generally meet the following criteria:
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metropolitan statistical areas, or MSAs, with a population of
250,000 or more, with a preference for MSAs in the Western
United States;
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MSAs with a strong commitment to municipal infrastructure such
as roads, airports and economic development initiatives;
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markets where we can benefit from the services and experience of
our advisor and its affiliates;
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proximity to employment centers, retail shopping, vehicular and
public transit, and various public and private amenities;
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stabilized employment rates with strong anticipated job growth;
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markets with high barriers to entry limiting the development of
additional supply of the type of property;
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markets with low historical and current vacancy rates;
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markets with a limited shadow market of both unsold
condominium and single family homes competing in the rental
market;
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markets with a significant difference between the cost to rent
and the cost to own an entry level home;
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limited multifamily inventory or new product based upon
historical norms and market occupancy;
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strong underlying land values as a percentage of acquisition
costs; and
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positive demographic trends;
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The purchase price of an investment will be underwritten to
account for the location and condition of the property.
Generally, we expect to pay higher purchase prices with respect
to properties in markets that meet all, or a majority of, the
criteria set forth above, properties with stable operations
and/or
project-based Section 8 contracts.
We will generally avoid markets with the following
characteristics, regardless of whether the property meets the
criteria noted above: (1) lack of economic diversity;
(2) historical median income growth significantly below the
United States average; (3) markets with supply/demand
imbalances; and (4) markets with significant seasonal
fluctuations in tenancy.
Individual Property Review. When evaluating a
particular multifamily property investment opportunity, we will
complete several detailed property evaluations, including but
not limited to:
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title and legal review;
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property condition assessments;
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environmental site assessments; and
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appraisal and market studies.
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Our advisor will also evaluate the position of each potential
property acquisition as compared to other competitive properties
in the
sub-market.
By focusing on the underlying strengths and weaknesses of each
property, we expect to more accurately anticipate future
performance.
Income and Expense Analysis. In addition to
evaluating physical and economic occupancy, income, income and
expense growth and controllable operating expenses of potential
multifamily property investments, our advisor intends to place
particular emphasis upon large non-controllable expenses in
evaluating multifamily properties, in particular, property
taxes, water and sewer charges and common area electricity. In
addition, our advisor may evaluate natural gas use, which can
also be a key non-controllable expense for multifamily
properties where the owner pays the cost of water heating.
An analysis of local property taxes will be critical for all
investments given that most taxing jurisdictions throughout the
United States are actively pursuing ways to increase revenues.
Our advisor intends to work with property tax evaluation
consultants to analyze and manage property taxes throughout the
portfolio. Property taxes can be readily forecast in some
jurisdictions, such as California, where property tax increases
are capped by current law (although there continues to be
efforts to remove commercial properties from these caps). Other
jurisdictions allow for annual reassessment with no limits on
taxes. As a result, all properties will require individual
analysis of potential tax liabilities.
Our advisor also intends to analyze utility sources,
particularly electric and water, in order to estimate
property-level utility costs, as these expenses are often the
subject of environmental and judicial mandates that result in
expenses increasing at rates substantially greater than general
rates of inflation. Due to prolonged drought in parts of the
Western United States, this region has experienced extraordinary
water rate increases, which were implemented to drive down
demand for water use.
Capital Improvement Planning. To ensure that
each of the properties we acquire continues to produce
attractive levels of rental income during the period in which we
anticipate owning the asset, a comprehensive capital improvement
plan and long-term capital budget will be prepared for each
property prior to the purchase of the property. Improvements and
renovations will be based on the quality and current condition
of the asset being purchased. Before implementation of the
capital improvement plan for an asset, our advisor will utilize
the following three-step approach to determine an adequate
budget. First, we intend to engage a qualified, third party
engineer to assess the physical condition of each property and
its mechanical services. Second, we will review the third party
report and independently conduct a more detailed evaluation of
the property and its potential physical needs. Last, we will
evaluate the proposed improvements to ascertain whether the
planned improvements will enable the property to remain
competitive in the market and generate maximum rental income.
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In addition to ensuring that any improvements are completed
successfully, our advisor will rely on the three step approach
outlined above to complete a long term capital needs assessment.
We believe that this assessment can help us manage cash flow to
provide for future capital improvements. We believe that making
ongoing capital improvements at each asset will facilitate the
propertys ability to generate consistent and stable cash
flow.
Green Initiatives. We intend to focus on green
initiatives that are cost beneficial to each property. As a
matter of practice, we will use the following guidelines in the
rehabilitation, repair and maintenance of apartment properties:
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paint with low volatile organic compound (VOC) levels;
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flooring that is recyclable or made from recycled fibers;
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high efficiency
and/or
compact fluorescent lighting in common areas;
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lighting timers and sensors installed in property offices and
common areas;
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toilets, faucets and shower heads fitted with water saving
devices;
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where possible, water usage will be individually metered or
allocated;
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apartment appliances, HVAC systems, water heating or boiler
systems and windows and doors upgraded as necessary with systems
and materials meeting current energy efficiency requirements;
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voice over IP phone systems to minimize the number of phone
lines and eliminate most long distance charges; and
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green product guidelines are used for sourcing cleaning and
maintenance supplies.
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Each of these green initiatives must reduce operating costs,
provide for stable operating costs on a going forward basis or
provide a benefits payback period of not more than
36 months in order to be included in the proposed property
improvements. In addition, we may consider solar retrofits if
the cost-benefit analysis, financial incentive packages and
financing options for undertaking those improvements are
attractive for purposes of the investment.
Industrial
Investments
We intend to invest in industrial properties with a focus
primarily on warehouse properties (including both general
purpose warehouses and distribution warehouses, inclusive of
bulk warehouses and high cube facilities), and light
manufacturing properties. To a lesser extent, we may also invest
in flex space (inclusive of research and development
facilities), which typically require a higher level of capital
improvements. The properties we invest in may be stand alone,
single-tenant properties, multi-tenant properties, multiple
buildings that make up an entire industrial park, or one or more
buildings within an industrial park.
In selecting our industrial property investments, we will focus
on the following factors:
Building Quality. We will primarily invest in
institutional quality industrial buildings that offer the
maximum flexibility of operations and functionality of the
premises to accommodate a wide array of potential tenants.
Particular care will be used in selecting properties with
physical attributes that meet the typical demands of tenants
within a particular industry and region.
Tenant Profiles. Single tenant buildings will
generally be leased to creditworthy tenants in an industry
sector that is stable or projected to grow. Multi-tenant
buildings will be well balanced and allocated among the same
tenant
make-up,
targeting occupancy levels in excess of 90%.
Targeted Geographic Areas. Initially, our
strategy is to target properties that are located in the Western
United States, but over time we may expand our geographic
boundaries throughout the United States. We intend to
carefully target our locations based upon an extensive analysis
of the markets supply and demand characteristics.
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Risk Tolerance. We intend to target properties
that will produce an attractive and consistent level of secure
rental income with the potential for appreciation in value. We
will seek opportunities from lenders and sellers in distressed
situations, or opportunities under other circumstances where we
believe value can be achieved based on purchase price. We expect
to be able to acquire properties from existing owners that need
cash to support the propertys operations or the
owners operations at other troubled investments by
demonstrating our advisors substantive expertise with
these types of investments and by providing assurances of
closing the transaction. Our advisor intends to identify these
opportunities through its existing network of relationships with
owners, lenders, loan servicers and real estate brokers.
Price Range. We intend to target industrial
properties valued at $8,000,000 or more with no set maximum
price. We will determine the appropriate purchase price based
upon capitalization rates, price per square foot, and other
metrics dictated by the location and quality of the asset. We
believe that under current market conditions acquisitions of
larger properties can offer the greatest discounts due to
constrained debt markets, the reluctance of investors to commit
significant equity to single properties, and the limited number
of potential buyers. We may target larger properties with prices
well in excess of the minimum target size, but generally plan to
pursue acquisitions of properties valued in the $10,000,000 to
$25,000,000 range. This price range allows us all the benefits
of economies of scale, but also enables us to diversify risk
across investments and geographic locations. We will also
consider large portfolio acquisitions in desirable geographic
locations.
Leverage. We intend to acquire industrial
properties initially with leverage based upon a target
loan-to-value
ratio of approximately 50%. We may also acquire properties on an
all-cash basis to take advantage of discounted prices and other
opportunities, with the intent of placing debt on the property
following the closing of the acquisition. Our leverage may
involve full or partial amortizing loans
and/or
interest only loans, with interest rates and other terms that
will maximize our ability to provide stable income for our
investors.
Underwriting
Process
We will utilize our advisors expertise in underwriting
industrial property investments in evaluating potential real
estate opportunities to determine whether a potential industrial
property satisfies our acquisition criteria. Our advisor has
over a dozen industrial professionals with key members of
management averaging over 20 years of experience in
ownership, development, property management and leasing
oversight. In analyzing potential industrial property investment
opportunities, our advisor will review all aspects of a
transaction with a focus on the following four key factors:
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target location selection;
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individual property review;
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tenant review; and
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income and expense analysis.
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Target Location Selection. As with our
multifamily investments, our primary acquisition criteria for
industrial properties will be location. Our advisor intends to
identify appropriate industrial property locations using the
following criteria:
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MSAs located in the Western United States that are major and
secondary distribution hubs or desirable industrial markets
based on strong tenant demand;
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markets in which affiliates of our advisor own
and/or
manage property;
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proximity to distribution and manufacturing employment sectors;
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proximity and access to and major transportation (freeway,
highway, rail, port), vehicular and public transit;
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markets with high barriers to entry limiting the development of
additional industrial supply; and
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markets with low historical and current vacancy rates, with
favorable projected occupancy trends.
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Individual Property Review. When evaluating a
particular industrial property investment opportunity, our
advisor intends to complete a variety of detailed property
evaluations, including:
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title and legal review;
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property condition assessments;
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environmental site assessments; and
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appraisal and market studies.
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We will also evaluate the position of each potential industrial
property acquisition as compared to other comparable properties
in the
sub-market.
By focusing on the underlying strengths and weaknesses of a
particular property, we will strive to more accurately
anticipate the propertys future performance.
Tenant Review. The creditworthiness of the
tenants that lease space within our industrial properties is an
important component to the successful operation of our
industrial properties and determining whether we receive a
stable rental income stream from our industrial properties. Our
advisor has developed specific standards for evaluating the
creditworthiness of potential tenants within our industrial
properties. Although we may enter into leases with any type of
tenant, we anticipate that a majority of the tenants in our
industrial properties will be corporations or other entities
with a substantial net worth or whose lease obligations are
guaranteed by another corporation or entity with a substantial
net worth or who otherwise meet the creditworthiness standards
developed by our advisor. The creditworthiness standards
developed by our advisor will emphasize a variety of factors,
including an analysis of the prospective tenants
historical balance sheets and income statements and an
assessment of the strength and long-term viability of the
prospective tenants industry sector in the region.
Income and Expense Analyses. With respect to
each industrial property investment opportunity, we intend to
perform a detailed analysis of all aspects of the
propertys historical financial performance and utilize
well-developed models to project the future financial
performance of the property. Our financial analysis will
include: (1) a comprehensive review of existing leases;
(2) a comparison of existing rents to market rents;
(3) a forecast of projected revenues, expenses and reserves
required to meet anticipated future capital expenditures; and
(4) an assessment of potential debt financing based upon
the most favorable terms that can be obtained at the time of
acquisition. Our financial analysis will be used to confirm that
the financial projections for the investment are in line with
our expectations, desired distributions and capital appreciation
goals.
Real
Estate-Related Assets
We may seek to acquire mortgage and other real estate loans or
real estate-related equity securities of other real estate
companies, in each case provided that the underlying real estate
generally meets our criteria for direct investment. The real
estate-related assets we will target include, but are not
limited to, first mortgages and other indebtedness secured by
high-quality multifamily and industrial properties. We will
initially target (1) loans that, due to the recent general
downturn in economic conditions, are in default or (2) loans
that the borrower is unable to refinance and, therefore, the
borrower is likely to default, which we refer to as
distressed loans. Holders of distressed loans must
choose between foreclosing upon the real property securing the
distressed loan or selling the loan. Many holders of distressed
loans generally avoid foreclosure proceedings on the real
property securing the distressed loan due to the sometimes
lengthy and expensive nature of the foreclosure process.
Moreover, most lenders do not have the expertise necessary to
effectively manage multifamily and industrial real estate and do
not wish to incur the costs and liabilities associated with the
ownership of real property. An event of default by the borrower
under these loans may present us with attractive opportunities
to acquire the properties securing these loans through
foreclosure in what is commonly referred to as a
loan-to-own transaction. We may also make equity
investments in other real estate companies, especially when we
consider it more efficient to acquire an entity that already
owns assets meeting our investment criteria than to acquire such
assets directly. With over 20,000 multifamily units and more
than 5.2 million square feet of industrial, office and
retail space acquired, developed or managed over the last
decade, our sponsor, its affiliates and staff of over 400
professionals have developed an extensive network of industry
relationships, particularly within the multifamily and
industrial sectors. We believe that our sponsors exposure
to these markets through its prior and current investments,
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combined with its extensive experience and contacts, will
provide our advisor an advantage in identifying holders of
distressed loans and other off-market investment
opportunities for real estate-related assets.
When determining whether to make investments in real
estate-related assets, we will consider such factors as:
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positioning the overall portfolio to achieve an optimal mix of
real estate investments;
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the diversification benefits of the real estate-related assets
relative to the rest of the portfolio;
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the potential for the investment to deliver high current income
and attractive risk-adjusted total returns; and
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other factors considered important to meeting our investment
objectives.
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After we have invested substantially all of our offering
proceeds, it is expected that the sum of the cost of our real
estate-related assets and the cost of our investments in
property types other than multifamily and industrial will not
exceed 25% of the aggregate cost of our portfolio.
Debt
Instruments
Our investments in real estate-related assets will focus
primarily on acquiring first mortgage loans. We believe that the
current credit market conditions provide us with substantial
near-term opportunities to invest in these types of assets at a
discount to their par value in order to realize predictable
income and attractive overall returns. We may invest in mortgage
loans structured to permit us to retain the entire loan or to
sell or securitize the lower yielding senior portions of the
loan and retain the higher yielding subordinate investment (or
vice-versa).
We may also acquire seasoned mortgage loans in the secondary
market secured by single assets as well as portfolios of
performing loans originated by third party lenders such as
banks, life insurance companies and other owners. We will not
make or invest in mortgage loans unless we obtain an appraisal
of the underlying property from a certified independent
appraiser. We will maintain each appraisal in our records for at
least five years and will make it available during normal
business hours for inspection and duplication by any stockholder
at such stockholders expense. In addition to the
appraisal, we will seek to obtain a customary lenders
title insurance policy or commitment as to the priority of the
mortgage or condition of the title. In evaluating a potential
investment in a mortgage loan, we will generally focus upon the
quality of the underlying property as opposed to the credit
quality of the loan, as we will typically seek to eventually
acquire the underlying property securing the loan pursuant to a
loan-to-own transaction. However, we will not make or invest in
mortgage loans on any one property if the aggregate amount of
all mortgage loans outstanding on the property, including our
borrowings, would exceed an amount equal to 85% of the appraised
value of the property, unless we find substantial justification
for exceeding such limit due to the presence of other
underwriting criteria. We may find such substantial
justification in connection with the purchase of mortgage loans
in cases in which we believe there is a high probability of our
foreclosure upon the property in order to acquire the underlying
assets and in which the cost of the mortgage loan investment
does not exceed the appraised value of the underlying property.
In addition to investments in first mortgages, we may make
selective investments in other real
estate-related
loans, including second mortgage loans, mezzanine loans, bridge
loans and participations in such loans in situations in which we
believe that the underlying credit
and/or
property is attractive and the potential returns to us are
significant given the level of associated risk.
In evaluating prospective investments in loans, our advisor will
consider factors such as the following:
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the fundamentals of the underlying property and other collateral
by which it is secured, including the factors discussed above
under Investments in Real
Properties Investment Characteristics;
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the ratio of the amount of the investment to the value of the
underlying property and other collateral by which the underlying
property is secured;
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the degree of liquidity of the investment;
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the quality, experience and creditworthiness of the borrower
and/or
guarantor; and
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general economic conditions.
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Our advisor will evaluate all potential loan investments to
determine if the security for the loan and the
loan-to-value
ratio meets our investment criteria and objectives. Although
most loans that we will consider for investment would provide
for monthly payments of interest only and repayment of principal
at maturity, some loans may also provide for principal
amortization.
Equity
Securities
We may seek to invest in other real estate companies when we
consider it more efficient to acquire an entity that already
owns assets meeting our investment objectives than to acquire
such assets directly. In most cases, we will evaluate the
feasibility of investing in these entities using the same
criteria we will use in evaluating a particular property. These
investments will be made through the purchase of common or
preferred stock or options to acquire stock. We do not expect
our non-controlling equity investments in other public companies
to exceed 5% of the proceeds of this offering, assuming we sell
the maximum offering amount, or to represent a substantial
portion of our assets at any given time.
Other
Property Investments
We intend to invest primarily in multifamily properties and, to
a lesser extent, in industrial properties and real-estate
related assets. We may, however, also make selective strategic
acquisitions of other types of commercial properties that we
determine are undervalued
and/or will
produce stable, secure income and increase in value over time.
We believe that the recent downturn in the commercial real
estate market has provided an opportunity for us to purchase
these types of investment properties at historically low prices
during the period in which we will be investing the net proceeds
of this offering, thereby enhancing our ability to realize
substantial appreciation on the ultimate dispositions of the
properties. As a result, we hope to be able to identify
undervalued investments at attractive capitalization rates in
order to realize higher
risk-adjusted
returns than have been available from commercial real estate
properties acquired in recent years. In addition to our
expectation that we will be able to purchase properties at
prices significantly lower than prevailing market prices from
the last several years, we believe desirable investment
opportunities will be more prevalent due to the lack of
available credit preventing many property owners from
refinancing existing debt. In such instances, we will seek to
target distressed sellers of properties in which the fundamental
attributes of the underlying property remain sound.
In selecting investments in other property types, we will
generally follow the same criteria and guidelines outlined above
for multifamily and industrial investments, adapted as necessary
to meet the unique characteristics of each property type. We
intend to invest in a diverse portfolio, including diversity by
geography, property type, lease expirations and tenant
industries, to reduce the risk profile of our investments and
enhance our ability to meet our investment objectives.
General
Investment Characteristics
The following sections relate generally to all property
investments that may be considered by our advisor in identifying
appropriate investments for us.
Form
of Ownership
Our investments in real properties will generally take the form
of holding fee title or a long-term leasehold estate. We intend
to acquire such interests either (1) directly through our
operating partnership or (2) indirectly through
wholly-owned limited liability companies or through investments
in joint ventures, partnerships, limited liability companies,
co-tenancies or other co-ownership arrangements with the
developers of the real properties, affiliates of our advisor or
other entities. We may also obtain options to acquire real
estate properties. The amount paid for an option, if any, is
normally surrendered if the property is not purchased and may or
may not be credited against the purchase price if the property
is purchased. In addition, we may purchase properties and lease
them back to the sellers of such properties. While we will use
our best efforts to structure any such leaseback transaction
such that the lease will be characterized as a true
lease so
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that we will be treated as the owner of the property for federal
income tax purposes, we cannot assure you that the Internal
Revenue Service will not challenge such characterization. In the
event that any such
re-characterization
was successful, deductions for depreciation and cost recovery
relating to such real property would be disallowed, interest and
penalties could be assessed by the Internal Revenue Service and
it is possible that under some circumstances we could fail to
qualify as a REIT as a result.
Lease
Terms
Consistent with the multifamily industry, we anticipate that the
leases we enter into for multifamily units will be for a term of
one year or less. These terms provide us with maximum
flexibility to implement rental increases when the market will
bear such increases and provide us with a hedge against
inflation.
We expect that the vast majority of the leases that we enter
into for industrial and other types of commercial properties
will provide for tenant reimbursement of operating expenses.
Operating expenses typically include real estate taxes, special
assessments, insurance, utilities, common area maintenance and
some building repairs. In addition, we anticipate that most of
our leases for industrial properties will be for fixed rentals
with periodic increases based on the consumer price index or
similar adjustments and that none of the rentals under our
leases for such properties will be based on the income or
profits of any person. In cases where the tenant is required to
pay rent based on a percentage of the tenants income from
its operations at the real property, the actual rental income we
receive under such a lease may be inadequate to cover the
operating expenses associated with the real property if a
tenants income is substantially lower than projected. In
such cases, we may not have access to the funds required to pay
the operating expenses associated with the real property.
Due
Diligence
Prior to acquiring a real property, our advisor will undertake,
or will cause a qualified affiliate to undertake, an extensive
property and site review. Our advisor will typically also
undertake a long-term viability and fair value analysis,
including an inspection of the property and surrounding area by
an acquisition specialist and an assessment of market area
demographics. Depending on the property to be acquired and terms
agreed to, our advisor will, or will cause a qualified affiliate
to obtain, evaluate and assess, as applicable, the following:
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a list of the current tenants at the property and the terms of
their respective leases;
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audited financial statements covering recent operations of
properties with operating histories to the extent such
statements are required to be filed with the SEC;
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historical net operating income data;
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historical occupancy rates;
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a schedule of historical, current year and projected future
tenant improvements, leasing commissions and capital
expenditures;
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historical and projected operating expenses along with that of
the comparable properties;
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current and historical data on real estate taxes and potential
increases in real estate taxes over the projected term of the
investment;
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competitive rents in the same geographical area for similar
properties;
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historical, current year and projected future utility expenses;
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service and vendor contracts, parking management agreement,
ground lease, and property management agreements;
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existing property leases;
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all appropriate environmental due diligence assessments and
reports, including, but not limited to, a preliminary
investigation comprised of record reviews, interviews and
physical property inspections
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intended to identify areas of potential hazardous substance
contamination on the property, commonly referred to as a
Phase I environmental site assessment, and, if
deemed necessary based upon the findings of the Phase I
environmental site assessment, a second more thorough
investigation involving the collection of original samples of
soil, groundwater or building materials to test for various
environmental contaminants, commonly referred to as a
Phase II environmental site assessment;
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an independent engineering report of the propertys
mechanical, electrical and structural integrity;
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an independent roofing report;
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title and liability insurance policies;
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evidence that the owner of the property has good and marketable
title to the property and can transfer such title to us free and
clear of claims on the property from third parties, with the
exception of such liens and encumbrances on the property as are
acceptable to our advisor;
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surveys of the property;
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a certification from each tenant verifying, among other things,
the material terms and status of the tenants existing
lease;
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current and potential alternative uses of the property; and
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other documents and materials determined to be material
and/or
relevant to evaluation of the property.
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Acquisitions
from Affiliates
We are not precluded from acquiring real properties, directly or
through joint ventures, from our affiliates. All such
transactions or investments will be approved by a majority of
our independent directors as described in Conflicts of
Interest Conflict Resolution Procedures and,
generally, may not be acquired for a value, at the time the
transaction was entered into, in excess of the appraised fair
market value of such investment. Subject to this limitation, our
sponsor, its affiliates and its employees (including our
officers and directors) may make substantial profits in
connection with any such investment and our cost to acquire the
property may be in excess of the cost that we would have
incurred if we had developed the property. See Risk
Factors Risks Related to Investments in Real
Estate.
Joint
Venture Investments
We may enter into joint ventures, partnerships, co-tenancies and
other co-ownership arrangements or participations with real
estate developers, owners and other affiliated or non-affiliated
third parties for the purpose of owning
and/or
operating real properties. We may also enter into joint ventures
for the development or improvement of properties. Joint venture
investments permit us to own interests in large properties and
other investments without unduly limiting the diversity of our
portfolio. Our investment may be in the form of equity or debt.
In determining whether to recommend investment in a particular
joint venture, our advisor will evaluate the real property that
such joint venture owns or is being formed to own under the same
criteria described elsewhere in this prospectus for the
selection of our real property investments.
We have not established the specific terms we will require in
the joint venture agreements we may enter into, or the
safeguards we will apply to, or require in, our potential joint
ventures. Particular terms and conditions or safeguards we will
require in joint ventures will be determined on a
case-by-case
basis after our advisor and board of directors consider all
facts they feel are relevant, such as the nature and attributes
of our other potential joint venture partners, the proposed
structure of the joint venture, the nature of the operations,
liabilities and assets the joint venture may conduct and own,
and the proportion of the size of our interest when compared to
the interests owned by other parties. We expect to consider
specific safeguards to address potential consequences relating
to:
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the management of the joint venture, such as obtaining certain
approval rights in joint ventures we do not control or providing
for procedures to address decisions in the event of an impasse
if we share control of the joint venture;
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our ability to exit a joint venture, such as requiring buy/sell
rights, redemption rights or forced liquidation under certain
circumstances; and
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our ability to control transfers of interests held by other
parties in the joint venture, such as requiring consent, rights
of first refusal or forced redemption rights in connection with
transfers.
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Any joint ventures with our affiliates will result in certain
conflicts of interest. See Conflicts of
Interest Joint Ventures with Our Affiliates.
Disposition
Policies
We will generally acquire properties with an expectation of
holding each property for an extended period. However,
circumstances might arise that could result in a shortened
holding period for certain properties. The period that we will
hold our real estate-related assets will vary depending on the
type of asset, interest rates and other factors. Our advisor
will develop an exit strategy for each investment we make in a
property or real estate-related asset, which may be modified
over the period we hold the investment in order to conform to
changing market conditions and property-level factors. Our
advisor will continually perform a hold-sell analysis on each
investment we make in a property or real estate-related asset to
determine the optimal time to hold the investment and generate
an attractive return for our stockholders. Economic and market
conditions may influence us to hold investments for different
periods of time. We may sell a property or real
estate-related
asset before the end of the expected holding period if we
believe that market conditions have maximized its value to us or
the sale of the asset would otherwise be in the best interests
of our stockholders. Relevant factors our advisor will consider
when considering whether to dispose of a property or real
estate-related
asset include:
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the prevailing economic, real estate and securities market
conditions;
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the extent to which the investment has realized its expected
total return;
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benefits associated with disposing of the investment and
diversifying and rebalancing our investment portfolio;
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the opportunity to pursue a more attractive investment;
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compliance with REIT qualification requirements;
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the involuntarily liquidation or lease default of a major tenant
at a property;
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the opportunity to enhance overall investment returns through
sale of the investment;
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the fact that the investment was acquired as part of a portfolio
acquisition and does not meet our general acquisition criteria;
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our advisors judgment that the value of the investment
might decline;
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liquidity benefits with respect to the availability of
sufficient funds for the share repurchase plan; and
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other factors that, in the judgment of our advisor, determine
that the sale of the investment is in our stockholders
best interests.
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The determination of whether a particular investment should be
sold or otherwise disposed of will be made after consideration
of all relevant factors, including prevailing economic
conditions, with a view toward achieving maximum total return
for the investment. We cannot assure you that this objective
will be realized. The selling price of a real estate property
that is net leased will be determined in large part by the
amount of rent payable under the leases for such real property
and the remaining term of the leases. If a tenant has a
repurchase option at a formula price, we may be limited in
realizing any appreciation. In connection with our sales of real
properties, we may lend the purchaser all or a portion of the
purchase price. In these instances, our taxable income may
exceed the cash received from the sale. The terms of payment
will be affected by custom in the area in which the real
property being sold is located and by the then-prevailing
economic conditions. We may sell investments to affiliates.
While there is no minimum on the price we must receive in such
transactions, a majority of our directors, including a majority
of our independent directors not otherwise
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interested in such transactions, must approve such transactions
as being fair and reasonable to us and on terms and conditions
not less favorable to us than those available from unaffiliated
third parties.
Leverage
We currently have no outstanding debt. We intend to use leverage
to provide additional funds to support our investments in
properties. We do not intend to leverage our real estate-related
assets. We expect that after we have invested substantially all
of the proceeds of this offering in properties and real
estate-related assets, our debt financing will be approximately
65% of the sum of the cost of our real properties (before
deducting depreciation and amortization) plus the value of our
other investments. During the period when we are acquiring our
portfolio, we expect to temporarily employ greater leverage in
order to quickly build a diversified portfolio of assets. By
operating on a leveraged basis, we expect that we will have more
funds available for investments. This will generally allow us to
make more investments than would otherwise be possible,
potentially resulting in enhanced investment returns and a more
diversified portfolio. However, our use of leverage increases
the risk of default on loan payments and the resulting
foreclosure on a particular asset. In addition, lenders may have
recourse to assets other than those specifically securing the
repayment of the indebtedness. When debt financing is
unattractive due to high interest rates or other reasons, or
when financing is otherwise unavailable on a timely basis, we
may purchase certain assets for cash with the intention of
obtaining debt financing at a later time.
We may leverage our portfolio by assuming or incurring secured
or unsecured asset-level or operating partnership-level debt. An
example of asset-level debt is a mortgage loan secured by an
individual real estate property or portfolio of real estate
properties incurred or assumed in connection with our
acquisition of such property or portfolio of properties. An
example of operating partnership-level debt is borrowing under a
line of credit. Borrowings under a line of credit may be used to
fund acquisitions, to repurchase shares or for any other
corporate purpose.
Our board of directors may from time to time modify our leverage
policy in light of then-current economic conditions, relative
costs of debt and equity capital, fair values of our properties,
general conditions in the market for debt and equity securities,
growth and acquisition opportunities or other factors. Our
actual leverage may be higher or lower than our target leverage
depending on a number of factors, including the availability of
attractive investment and disposition opportunities, inflows and
outflows of capital and increases and decreases in the value of
our portfolio. In particular, large outflows of capital over
short periods of time could cause our leverage to be
substantially higher than our 65% target.
There is no limitation on the amount we may invest in any single
improved real property. However, under our charter, we are
precluded from borrowing in excess of 300% of the value of our
net assets. Net assets for purposes of this calculation are
defined to be our total assets (other than intangibles), valued
at cost prior to deducting depreciation, reserves for bad debts
or other non-cash reserves, less total liabilities. The
preceding calculation is generally expected to approximate 75%
of the aggregate cost of our assets. However, we may borrow in
excess of this amount if such excess is approved by a majority
of the independent directors and disclosed to stockholders in
our next quarterly report, along with a justification for such
excess. In such event, we will review our debt levels at that
time and take action to reduce any such excess as soon as
practicable.
Our charter restricts us from obtaining loans from any of our
directors, our advisor and any of our affiliates unless such
loan is approved by a majority of the directors, including a
majority of the independent directors, not having a conflict of
interest in the transaction as fair, competitive and
commercially reasonable and no less favorable to us than
comparable loans between unaffiliated parties. Our aggregate
borrowings will be reviewed by our board of directors at least
quarterly.
Liquidity
Strategy
In the future, our board of directors will consider alternatives
for providing liquidity to our stockholders, each of which is
referred to as a liquidity event, including the sale
of individual or multiple assets, a sale or merger of our
company or a listing of our shares on a national securities
exchange. In making the decision regarding which type of
liquidity event to pursue, our board of directors will try to
determine which available
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alternative method would result in the greatest value for our
stockholders. Our board of directors has determined that it will
evaluate whether to pursue a possible liquidity event no later
than January 1, 2015. If we have not determined to pursue a
liquidity event by December 31, 2016, our charter requires
that we either (1) seek stockholder approval of our
liquidation or (2) postpone presenting the liquidation
decision to our stockholders if a majority of our board of
directors, including a majority of the independent directors,
determines that liquidation is not then in the best interests of
our stockholders. If a majority of our board of directors,
including a majority of the independent directors, determines
that liquidation is not then in the best interests of our
stockholders, our charter requires our board of directors to
reconsider whether to seek stockholder approval of our
liquidation at least annually. Further postponement of a
liquidity event or stockholder action regarding liquidation
would only be permitted if a majority of our board of directors,
including a majority of the independent directors, again
determined that liquidation would not be in the best interests
of our stockholders. If we sought and failed to obtain
stockholder approval of our liquidation, our charter would not
require us to consummate our liquidation and would not require
our board of directors to reconsider whether to seek stockholder
approval of our liquidation, and we could continue to operate as
before. If, however, we sought and obtained stockholder approval
of a liquidation, we would begin an orderly sale of our assets.
The precise timing of such sales would take account of the
prevailing real estate finance markets and the debt markets
generally, the liquidity needs of our stockholders and the
federal income tax consequences to our stockholders.
In assessing whether to list our shares on a national securities
exchange or pursue another type of liquidity event, our board of
directors would likely solicit input from financial advisors as
to the likely demand for our shares upon listing. If our board
of directors believed that it would be difficult for
stockholders to dispose of their shares after our shares were
listed, then that factor would weigh against listing our shares.
However, this would not be the only factor considered by our
board of directors. If listing our shares still appeared to be
in the best long-term interest of our stockholders, despite the
prospects of a relatively small market for our shares upon the
initial listing, our board of directors may still opt to pursue
listing our shares in keeping with its obligations under
Maryland law. Our board of directors would also likely consider
whether there was a significant demand among our stockholders to
sell their shares when making decisions regarding whether to
pursue listing our shares or another type of liquidity event.
The degree of participation in our distribution reinvestment
plan and the number of repurchase requests under the share
repurchase plan at the time could be an indicator of stockholder
demand to sell their shares.
Investment
Limitations
Our charter places certain limitations on us with respect to the
manner in which we may invest our funds prior to a listing of
our common stock. Prior to a listing of our common stock, we may
not:
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invest in commodities or commodity futures contracts, except for
futures contracts when used solely for the purpose of hedging in
connection with our ordinary business of investing in real
property and real estate-related loans;
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invest in real estate contracts of sale, otherwise known as land
sale contracts, unless the contract is in recordable form and is
appropriately recorded in the chain of title;
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make or invest in individual mortgage loans unless an appraisal
is obtained concerning the underlying property, except for those
mortgage loans insured or guaranteed by a government or
government agency;
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make or invest in mortgage loans that are subordinate to any
lien or other indebtedness of any of our directors, our advisor
or its affiliates;
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acquire equity securities unless a majority of our directors
(including a majority of our independent directors) not
otherwise interested in the transaction approves such investment
as being fair, competitive and commercially reasonable, provided
that investments in equity securities in publicly traded
entities that are otherwise approved by a majority of our
directors (including a majority of our independent directors)
shall be deemed fair, competitive and commercially reasonable if
we acquire the equity securities through a trade that is
effected in a recognized securities market (a publicly
traded entity shall mean any entity having securities
listed on a national securities exchange or included for
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quotation on an inter-dealer quotation system) and provided
further that this limitation does not apply to
(1) acquisitions effected through the purchase of all of
the equity securities of an existing entity, (2) the
investment in wholly owned subsidiaries of ours or
(3) investments in securities, which we refer to as
asset-backed securities, that are collateralized by a pool of
assets, including loans and receivables, that provide for a
specific cash flow stream to the holder;
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make or invest in mortgage loans, including construction loans,
on any one real property if the aggregate amount of all mortgage
loans on such real property would exceed an amount equal to 85%
of the appraised value of such real property as determined by
appraisal, unless substantial justification exists because of
the presence of other underwriting criteria;
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make investments in unimproved real property or mortgage loans
on unimproved real property in excess of 10% of our total assets;
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issue (1) equity securities redeemable solely at the option
of the holder (this limitation, however, does not limit or
prohibit the operation of our share repurchase plan),
(2) debt securities in the absence of adequate cash flow to
cover debt service, (3) options or warrants to purchase
shares to our advisor, any of our directors or any of their
respective affiliates except on the same terms as the options or
warrants are sold to the general public, if at all, and unless
the amount of the options or warrants does not exceed an amount
equal to 10% of our outstanding shares on the date of grant of
the warrants and options, or (4) equity securities on a
deferred payment basis or under similar arrangement;
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invest in junior debt secured by a mortgage on real property
which is subordinate to the lien of other senior debt except
where the amount of such junior debt plus any senior debt does
not exceed 90% of the appraised value of such property if, after
giving effect thereto, the value of all such mortgage loans
would not then exceed 25% of our tangible assets;
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engage in trading, except for the purpose of short-term
investments;
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engage in underwriting or the agency distribution of securities
issued by others;
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invest in the securities of any entity holding investments or
engaging in activities prohibited by our charter; or
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make any investment that our board of directors believes will be
inconsistent with our objectives of qualifying and remaining
qualified as a REIT unless and until our board of directors
determines, in its sole discretion, that REIT qualification is
not in our best interests.
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Change
in Investment Objectives and Policies
Our charter requires our independent directors to review our
investment policies at least annually to determine that the
policies we are following are in the best interests of our
stockholders. Each determination and the basis therefor are
required to be set forth in the applicable meeting minutes. The
methods of implementing our investment policies also may vary as
new investment techniques are developed. The methods of
implementing our investment objectives and policies, except as
otherwise provided in our organizational documents, may be
altered by a majority of our directors, including a majority of
our independent directors, without the approval of our
stockholders. Our primary investment objectives themselves and
other investment policies and limitations specifically set forth
in our charter, however, may only be amended if approved by a
vote of the holders of shares entitled to cast a majority of all
of the votes entitled to be cast.
Investment
Company Act Considerations
We intend to conduct our operations so that neither we, nor our
operating partnership nor the subsidiaries of our operating
partnership are required to register as investment companies
under the Investment Company Act.
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Section 3(a)(1)(A) of the Investment Company Act defines an
investment company as any issuer that is or holds itself out as
being engaged primarily in the business of investing,
reinvesting or trading in securities. Section 3(a)(1)(C) of
the Investment Company Act defines an investment company as any
issuer that is engaged or proposes to engage in the business of
investing, reinvesting, owning, holding or trading in securities
and owns or proposes to acquire investment securities having a
value exceeding 40% of the value of the issuers total
assets (exclusive of U.S. government securities and cash
items) on an unconsolidated basis, which we refer to as the
40% test. Excluded from the term investment
securities, among other things, are U.S. government
securities and securities issued by majority-owned subsidiaries
that are not themselves investment companies and are not relying
on the exception from the definition of investment company set
forth in Section 3(c)(1) or Section 3(c)(7) of the
Investment Company Act. Accordingly, under Section 3(a)(1)
of the Investment Company Act, in relevant part, a company is
not deemed to be an investment company if:
(i) it neither is, nor holds itself out as being, engaged
primarily, nor proposes to engage primarily, in the business of
investing, reinvesting or trading in securities; and
(ii) it neither is engaged nor proposes to engage in the
business of investing, reinvesting, owning, holding or trading
in securities and does not own or propose to acquire
investment securities having a value exceeding 40%
of the value of its total assets (exclusive of U.S. government
securities and cash items) on an unconsolidated basis.
We believe that we, our operating partnership and most of the
subsidiaries of our operating partnership will not fall within
either definition of investment company as we intend to invest
primarily in real property, rather than in securities, through
our wholly or majority-owned subsidiaries, the majority of which
we expect will have at least 60% of their assets in real
property. As these subsidiaries would be investing either solely
or primarily in real property, they would not be within the
definition of investment company under
Section 3(a)(1) of the Investment Company Act. We are
organized as a holding company that conducts its businesses
primarily through our operating partnership, which in turn is a
holding company conducting its business through its
subsidiaries. Both we and our operating partnership intend to
conduct our operations so that they comply with the 40% test. We
will monitor our holdings to ensure continuing and ongoing
compliance with this test. In addition, we believe neither we
nor our operating partnership will be considered an investment
company under Section 3(a)(1)(A) of the Investment Company
Act because neither we nor our operating partnership will engage
primarily or hold itself out as being engaged primarily in the
business of investing, reinvesting or trading in securities.
Rather, through our operating partnerships wholly owned or
majority-owned subsidiaries, we and our operating partnership
will be primarily engaged in the non-investment company
businesses of these subsidiaries.
Even if the value of investment securities held by a subsidiary
of our operating partnership were to exceed 40% of its total
assets, we expect that subsidiary to be able to rely on the
exclusion from the definition of investment company
provided by Section 3(c)(5)(C) of the Investment Company
Act. Section 3(c)(5)(C), as interpreted by the staff of the
SEC, requires our subsidiaries to invest at least 55% of its
portfolio in mortgage and other liens on and interests in
real estate, which we refer to as qualifying real
estate assets and maintain at least 80% of its assets in
qualifying real estate assets or other real estate-related
assets. The remaining 20% of the portfolio can consist of
miscellaneous assets.
For purposes of the exclusion provided by
Sections 3(c)(5)(C), we will classify the investments made
by our subsidiaries based in large measure on no-action letters
issued by the SEC staff and other SEC interpretive guidance and,
in the absence of SEC guidance, on our view of what constitutes
a qualifying real estate asset and a real estate-related asset.
Whole loans will be classified as qualifying real estate assets,
as long as the loans are fully secured by real
estate at the time our subsidiary originates or acquires the
loan but will consider loans with loan-to-value ratios in excess
of 100% to be real estate-related assets if the real estate
securing the loan has an appraised value of 55% of the fair
market value of the loan on the date of acquisition. We will
treat mezzanine loan investments as qualifying real estate
assets so long as they are structured as Tier 1
mezzanine loans in accordance with the criteria set forth in the
Capital Trust, Inc., SEC No-Action Letter (May 24, 2007).
Consistent with SEC staff guidance, we will consider a
participation in a whole mortgage loan to be a qualifying real
estate asset only if (1) our subsidiary has a participation
interest in a mortgage loan that is fully secured by real
property; (2) our subsidiary has the right to receive its
proportionate share of the interest
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and the principal payments made on the loan by the borrower, and
its returns on the loan are based on such payments; (3) our
subsidiary invests only after performing the same type of due
diligence and credit underwriting procedures that it would
perform if it were underwriting the underlying mortgage loan;
(4) our subsidiary has approval rights in connection with
any material decisions pertaining to the administration and
servicing of the loan and with respect to any material
modification to the loan agreements; and (5) in the event
that the loan becomes non-performing, our subsidiary has
effective control over the remedies relating to the enforcement
of the mortgage loan, including ultimate control of the
foreclosure process, by having the right to: (a) appoint
the special servicer to manage the resolution of the loan;
(b) advise, direct or approve the actions of the special
servicer; (c) terminate the special servicer at any time
with or without cause; (d) cure the default so that the
mortgage loan is no longer non-performing; and (e) purchase
the senior loan at par plus accrued interest, thereby acquiring
the entire mortgage loan.
With respect to construction loans which are funded over time,
we will consider the outstanding balance (i.e., the amount of
the loan actually drawn) as a qualifying real estate asset. The
SEC has not issued no-action letters specifically addressing
construction loans. If the SEC takes a position in the future
that is contrary to our classification, we will modify our
classification accordingly.
Consistent with guidance issued by the SEC, we will treat our
subsidiaries joint venture investments as qualifying real
estate assets that come within the 55% basket only if we have
the right to approve major decisions affecting the joint
venture; otherwise, they will be classified as real-estate
related assets.
We will treat investments by our subsidiaries in securities
issued by companies primarily engaged in the real estate
business, interests in securitized real estate loan pools, loans
fully secured by a lien on real estate and additional assets of
the real estate developer (which may include equity interests in
the developer entity and a pledge of additional assets of the
developer including parcels of undeveloped or developed real
estate), and any loans with a loan-to-value ratio in excess of
100% as real estate-related assets. CMBS and CDOs will also be
treated as real-estate related assets.
The treatment of any other investments as qualifying real estate
assets and real estate-related assets will be based on the
characteristics of the underlying collateral and the particular
type of loan (including whether we have foreclosure rights with
respect to those securities or loans that have underlying real
estate collateral) and will be consistent with SEC guidance.
In the event that we, or our operating partnership, were to
acquire assets that could make either entity fall within the
definition of investment company under Section 3(a)(1) of
the Investment Company Act, we believe that we would still
qualify for an exclusion from the definition of investment
company provided by Section 3(c)(6). Although the SEC
staff has issued little interpretive guidance with respect to
Section 3(c)(6), we believe that we and our operating
partnership may rely on Section 3(c)(6) if 55% of the
assets of our operating partnership consist of, and at least 55%
of the income of our operating partnership is derived from,
qualifying real estate investment assets owned by wholly owned
or majority-owned subsidiaries of our operating partnership.
Finally, to maintain compliance with the Investment Company Act
exceptions, we, our operating company or our subsidiaries may be
unable to sell assets we would otherwise want to sell and may
need to sell assets we would otherwise wish to retain. In
addition, we, our operating partnership or our subsidiaries may
have to acquire additional income- or loss-generating assets
that we might not otherwise have acquired or may have to forego
opportunities to acquire interest in companies that we would
otherwise want to acquire and that may be important to our
investment strategy. If our subsidiaries fail to own a
sufficient amount of qualifying real estate assets or additional
qualifying real estate assets or real estate related assets to
satisfy the requirements of Section 3(c)(5)(C) and cannot
rely on any other exemption or exclusion under the Investment
Company Act, we could be characterized as an investment company.
Our advisor will continually review our investment activity to
attempt to ensure that we will not be regulated as an investment
company. Among other things, our advisor will attempt to monitor
the proportion of our portfolio that is placed in investments in
securities.
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MANAGEMENT
Board of
Directors
We operate under the direction of our board of directors, the
members of which are accountable to us and our stockholders as
fiduciaries. Our board of directors is responsible for the
management and control of our affairs. Our board of directors
has retained our advisor to manage our
day-to-day
affairs and to implement our investment strategy, subject to our
board of directors direction, oversight and approval.
We currently have a total of four directors, three of whom are
independent of us, our advisor and our respective affiliates. To
qualify as an independent director under our
charter, a director may not, directly or indirectly (including
through a member of his or her immediately family), be
associated with us, our advisor, our sponsor or any of our
affiliates within the last two years before becoming a director
and at such time an independent director may not (1) own
any interest in, be employed by, have any material business or
professional relationship with or serve as an officer or
director of, our advisor, our sponsor or any of their
affiliates, (2) serve as a director of more than three
REITs organized by our sponsor or its affiliates or advised by
our advisor or its affiliates, or (3) perform services
(other than as an independent director) for us. We refer to our
directors who are not independent as our affiliated
directors.
As of the date of this prospectus, our charter and bylaws
provide that the number of our directors may be established by a
majority of our board of directors from time to time. Our
charter also provides that a majority of our directors must be
independent directors and that at least one of the independent
directors must have at least three years of relevant real estate
experience. The independent directors will nominate replacements
for vacancies among the independent directors.
Each of our directors will be elected by our stockholders and
will serve for a term of one year. Although the number of
directors may be increased or decreased, a decrease will not
have the effect of shortening the term of any incumbent
director. Any director may resign at any time and may be removed
with or without cause by our stockholders upon the affirmative
vote of at least a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast
at a meeting called for the purpose of the proposed removal. The
notice of the meeting will indicate that the purpose, or one of
the purposes, of the meeting is to determine if the director
will be removed.
A vacancy following the removal of a director or a vacancy
created by an increase in the number of directors or the death,
resignation, adjudicated incompetence or other incapacity of a
director may be filled only by a vote of a majority of the
remaining directors and, in the case of an independent director,
the director must also be nominated by the remaining independent
directors.
If there are no remaining independent directors, then a majority
vote of the remaining directors will be sufficient to fill a
vacancy among the independent directors positions. If at
any time there are no directors in office, successor directors
will be elected by our stockholders. Each director will be bound
by our charter.
Responsibilities
of Directors
The responsibilities of our board of directors include:
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approving and overseeing our overall investment strategy, which
will consist of elements such as investment selection criteria,
diversification strategies and asset disposition strategies;
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approving our investments in real properties and real-estate
related assets;
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approving and overseeing our debt financing strategies;
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approving and monitoring the relationship between our operating
partnership and our advisor;
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approving joint ventures, limited partnerships and other such
relationships with third parties;
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approving a potential liquidity event;
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determining our distribution policy and authorizing
distributions from time to time; and
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approving amounts available for the repurchase of shares of our
common stock.
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Our directors are not required to devote all of their time to
our business and are only required to devote such time to our
affairs as their responsibilities require. Our directors will
meet quarterly or more frequently as necessary.
Our directors have established and will periodically review
written policies on investments and borrowings consistent with
our investment objectives and will monitor our administrative
procedures, investment operations and performance and those of
our advisor to assure that such policies are carried out.
Because of the conflicts of interest created by the relationship
among us, our advisor and various affiliates, our charter
requires that a majority of our independent directors assume
certain responsibilities. At the first meeting of our board of
directors consisting of a majority of independent directors, our
charter was reviewed and ratified by a vote of the directors and
at least a majority of the independent directors. The
independent directors will determine, from time to time but at
least annually, that (1) the total fees and expenses paid
to our advisor, our property managers and the dealer manager, as
applicable, are reasonable in light of our investment
performance, net assets, net income and the fees and expenses of
other comparable unaffiliated REITs and (2) the
compensation paid to our advisor is reasonable in relation to
the nature and quality of services performed and that such
compensation is within the limits prescribed by this prospectus.
The independent directors will also supervise the performance of
our advisor and review the compensation we pay our advisor to
determine that the provisions of the advisory agreement are
carried out. If the independent directors determine to terminate
the advisory agreement, our advisor will not be entitled to
compensation for further services but shall be entitled to
receive from us or our operating partnership within 30 days
after such termination all unpaid reimbursements or expenses and
all earned but unpaid fees payable prior to such termination,
subject to certain limitations. A majority of our board of
directors, including a majority of the independent directors,
not otherwise interested in the transaction must approve all
transactions with any of our directors, our advisor or any of
their affiliates.
As part of their review of our advisors compensation, the
independent directors will consider factors such as:
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the quality and extent of the services and advice furnished by
our advisor;
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the amount of fees paid to our advisor in relation to the size,
composition and performance of our investments;
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the success of our advisor in generating investment
opportunities that meet our investment objectives;
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the rates charged to other externally advised REITs and similar
investors by advisors performing similar services;
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the additional revenues realized by our advisor and its
affiliates through their relationships with us, whether we pay
them or they are paid by others with whom we do business;
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the performance of our investments, including income,
conservation or appreciation of capital, frequency of problem
investments and competence in dealing with distress
situations; and
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the quality of our investments relative to the investments
generated by our advisor for its own account.
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The independent directors will record their findings on the
factors they deem relevant in the minutes of the meetings of our
board of directors.
Committees
of Our Board of Directors
Our board of directors may establish committees it deems
appropriate to address specific areas in more depth than may be
possible at a full meeting of our board of directors, provided
that the majority of the members of each committee are
independent directors. Our board of directors has established an
audit committee and an investment committee. Each committee
formed by our board of directors will at all times be comprised
of a majority of independent directors. Our board of directors
does not intend to form a compensation committee as we have no
employees.
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Audit
Committee
The audit committee will meet on a regular basis, at least
quarterly and more frequently as necessary. The audit
committees primary function will be to assist our board of
directors in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities by
reviewing the financial information to be provided to our
stockholders and others, the system of internal controls which
management has established and the audit and financial reporting
process. The audit committee is currently comprised of three
directors, Messrs. Barker, Dale, and Brown, all of whom are
independent directors. Mr. Brown has been designated as the
audit committees financial expert.
All audit committee members must be able to read and understand
fundamental financial statements, including a balance sheet,
income statement, cash flow statement and footnotes. The audit
committee has direct responsibility for the appointment,
compensation and oversight of the work of the independent
auditors we employ. The audit committee assists our directors in
overseeing and monitoring: (1) the systems of our internal
accounting and financial controls; (2) our financial
reporting processes; (3) the independence, objectivity and
qualification of our independent auditors; (4) the annual
audit of our financial statements; and (5) our accounting
policies and disclosures. The audit committee considers and
approves (a) any non-audit services provided by an
independent auditor and (b) certain non-audit services
provided by an independent auditor to our advisor and its
affiliates to the extent that such approval is required under
applicable regulations of the SEC. The audit committee has sole
authority to hire and fire any independent auditor we employ and
is responsible for approving all audit engagement fees and terms
and resolving disagreements between us and our independent
auditors regarding financial reporting. Our independent auditors
report directly to the audit committee.
Investment
Committee
Our board of directors has delegated to the investment committee
(1) certain responsibilities with respect to investment in
specific investments proposed by our advisor and (2) the
authority to review our investment policies and procedures on an
ongoing basis. The investment committee must at all times be
comprised of at least three members, a majority of whom must be
independent directors. The current members of the investment
committee are Rodney F. Emery, Scot B. Barker, Larry H. Dale and
Jeffrey J. Brown, with Mr. Emery serving as the chairman of
the investment committee.
With respect to investments, the investment committee has the
authority to approve all real property acquisitions,
developments and dispositions, including real property portfolio
acquisitions, developments and dispositions, as well as all real
estate and real estate-related investments and all investments
consistent with our investment objectives, for a purchase price,
total project cost or sales price of up to 10% of the cost of
our net assets as of the date of investment.
Directors
and Executive Officers
Our directors and executive officers and their positions and
offices are as follows:
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Name
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Age
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Position
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Rodney F. Emery
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Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer and President
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Dinesh K. Davar
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Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
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Ana Marie del Rio
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Secretary
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Scot B. Barker
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Independent Director
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Larry H. Dale
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Independent Director
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Jeffrey J. Brown
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Independent Director
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Rodney F. Emery serves as the Chairman of our board of
directors and as our Chief Executive Officer and President.
Mr. Emery is the founder of Steadfast Companies and is
responsible for the corporate vision, strategy and overall
guidance of the operations of Steadfast Companies.
Mr. Emery chairs the Steadfast Executive Committee, which
establishes policy and strategy and acts as the general
oversight committee of Steadfast Companies. Mr. Emery also
serves on the Steadfast Companies Investment Committee. Prior to
founding Steadfast Companies in 1994, Mr. Emery served for
17 years as the President of Cove Properties, a
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diversified commercial real estate firm specializing in
property-management, construction and development with a
specialty in industrial properties. Mr. Emery received a
Bachelor of Science in Accounting from the University of
Southern California and serves on the board of directors of
several non-profits.
Our board of directors, excluding Mr. Emery, has determined
that the leadership positions previously and currently held by
Mr. Emery and Mr. Emerys extensive experience
acquiring, financing, developing and managing hotel,
multifamily, office, and retail real estate assets throughout
the country have provided Mr. Emery with the experience,
skills and attributes necessary to effectively carry out his
duties and responsibilities as a director. Consequently, our
board of directors has determined that Mr. Emery is a
highly qualified candidate for directorship and should therefore
continue to serve as one of our directors.
Dinesh K. Davar serves as our Chief Financial Officer and
Treasurer. Mr. Davar also serves as Chief Financial Officer
for Steadfast Companies. Mr. Davar is responsible for
overall accounting and finance operations, including all
reporting, budgeting and treasury functions, for Steadfast
Companies. Mr. Davar also coordinates financing and
accounting functions for Steadfast Companies properties
located within the United States and Mexico. Prior to joining
Steadfast Companies in 1996, Mr. Davar was an independent
loan consultant for The Resolution Trust Corporation with
respect to loan modifications and the control, management and
sale of assets and asset pools. From 1980 to 1992,
Mr. Davar served as Chief Financial officer of Cove
Properties, a diversified real estate development firm
specializing in property management, construction and
development. At Cove Properties, Mr. Davar oversaw all
aspects of the companys various real estate transactions,
including, financing, acquisition, development, property
management, and disposition. Mr. Davar was educated as a
Chartered Accountant in New Delhi, India, and is a graduate of
Meerut University, in Meerut, India.
Ana Marie del Rio serves as our Secretary. Ms. del Rio
also serves as the Chief Operating Officer for Steadfast
Companies. Ms. del Rio manages the Human Resources, Information
Technology and Legal Services Departments for Steadfast
Companies and is responsible for risk management and
company-wide communications. She also works closely with
Steadfast Management Company, Inc. and SAH Affordable Housing,
Inc. in the management and operation of Steadfast
Companies residential units, especially in the area of
compliance. Prior to joining Steadfast Companies in April 2003,
Ms. del Rio was a partner in the public finance group at Orrick,
Herrington & Sutcliffe, LLP, where she practiced from
September 1993 to April 2003, representing both issuers and
underwriters in financing single-family and multifamily housing,
transportation projects, and other types of public-private and
redevelopment projects. From 1979 to 1993, Ms. del Rio
co-owned and operated a campaign consulting and research company
specializing in local campaigns and ballot measures. Ms. del Rio
received a Juris Doctor from the University of the Pacific,
McGeorge School of Law, and received a Master of Public
Administration and a Bachelor of Arts from the University of
Southern California.
Scot B. Barker serves as one of our independent
directors. From December 2002 to his retirement in December
2005, Mr. Barker served as President and Chief Operating
Officer of GMAC Commercial Holding Corp., or GMACCH, one of the
nations largest financiers of commercial real estate, and
President of GMACCH Capital Markets Corp. During his tenure at
GMACCH, Mr. Barker oversaw the firms real estate
lending and investing activities in North America, Latin
America, Asia and Europe. In 1978, Mr. Barker and several
associates formed Newman and Associates, Inc., an investment
banking firm specializing in financing affordable multifamily
housing with tax exempt municipal securities. Mr. Barker
served as Vice-President of Newman and Associates from 1978 to
1984 and as President from 1984 to 1998, when Newman and
Associates was acquired by GMACCH. Prior to founding Newman and
Associates, Mr. Barker served as
Vice-President
with Gerwin & Co. from 1973 to 1978. Mr. Barker
has been involved in a variety of professional and
not-for-profit
groups primarily focused on housing related business.
Mr. Barker currently serves on the board of directors of
the Rocky Mountain Mutual Housing Association and the Colorado
Housing Assistance Corporation, where he was a past chairman.
Mr. Barker was a past president of the National Housing and
Rehabilitation Association and a past member of the Federal
National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae) Housing Impact
Advisory Council. Mr. Barker received a Bachelor of Arts
from Colorado College and a Master of Business Administration
from the University of Denver.
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Our board of directors, excluding Mr. Barker, has
determined that the prior leadership positions which
Mr. Barker has held and Mr. Barkers extensive
experience with the financing of commercial real estate and
multifamily housing have provided Mr. Barker with the
experience, skills and attributes necessary to effectively carry
out his duties and responsibilities as a director. Consequently,
our board of directors has determined that Mr. Barker is a
highly qualified candidate for directorship and should therefore
continue to serve as one of our directors.
Larry H. Dale serves as one of our independent directors.
In March 2009, Mr. Dale retired as a Managing Director of
Citi Community Capital, or CCC, a leading investment banking
group specializing in affordable housing financing and a
division of Citigroups Municipal Securities Division,
where Mr. Dale was responsible for the overall management and
oversight of the operation of the division. Mr. Dale joined
the predecessor company to CCC in 1997. From July 1987 to
January 1997, Mr. Dale served as a Senior Vice President of
Federal National Mortgage Association, or Fannie Mae. Prior to
joining Fannie Mae, Mr. Dale served from 1984 to 1987 as
Vice President of Newman and Associates, Inc., an investment
banking firm focused on financing affordable multifamily housing
with tax exempt municipal securities. Prior to joining Newman
and Associates, Mr. Dale served from 1981 to 1983 as
President of Mid-City Financial Corporation, a regional
multifamily development, financing, and management firm. From
1971 to 1981, Mr. Dale was employed by the
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD),
including service as a Deputy to the Assistant Secretary for
Housing/FHA Commissioner from 1979 to 1981. Mr. Dale
currently serves as Chairman of the Board of the National Equity
Fund, Co-Chairman of the Board of the Community Preservation and
Development Corporation, Vice-Chairman of Mercy Housing
Incorporateds Board of Trustees, a member of the board of
directors and the Executive Committee of the Local Initiative
Support Corporation and a member of the Advisory Board of the
Paramount Community Development Fund and the Capmark Community
Development Fund. Mr. Dale received a Bachelor of Science
in Materials Science from Cornell University and a Master of
Political Science from the Maxwell School at Syracuse University.
Our board of directors, excluding Mr. Dale, has determined
that the that the prior leadership positions which Mr. Dale
has held and Mr. Dales extensive experience in the
investment banking industry have provided Mr. Dale with the
experience, skills and attributes necessary to effectively carry
out his duties and responsibilities as a director. Consequently,
our board of directors has determined that Mr. Dale is a
highly qualified candidate for directorship and should therefore
continue to serve as one of our directors.
Jeffrey J. Brown serves as one of our independent
directors. Mr. Brown is the Chief Executive Officer and
founding member of Brown Equity Partners, LLC, or BEP, which
provides capital to management teams and companies needing
equity of $3 million to $20 million. Prior to founding
BEP in January 2007, Mr. Brown served as a founding partner
and primary deal originator of the venture capital and private
equity firm Forrest Binkley & Brown (FBB) from 1993 to
January 2007. In March 2005, SBIC Partners II, L.P., an
investment vehicle formed by FBB and licensed through the Small
Business Administration (SBA), voluntarily agreed to enter into
receivership after failing to meet various SBA capital
requirements. Prior to founding Forrest Binkley &
Brown, Mr. Brown served as a Senior Vice President of Bank
America Venture Capital Group from 1990 to 1993 and as a Senior
Vice President of Security Pacific Capital Corporation from 1987
to 1990. Mr. Brown also worked at the preferred stock desk
of Morgan Stanley & Co. from 1986 to 1987 and as a
software engineer at Hughes Aircraft Company from 1983 to 1985.
In his 22 years of venture capital and private equity
experience, Mr. Brown has served on the board of directors
of numerous public and private companies, and has served as the
chair of audit, compensation, finance and other special board
committees of such boards. Mr. Brown currently serves on
the board of directors of M Financial Holdings Incorporated,
Fieldstone Homes, Inc., Tail Activewear, Inc. and Glaspro, Inc.
Mr. Brown received a Bachelor of Science in Mathematics,
Summa Cum Laude, from Willamette University and a Master of
Business Administration from the Stanford University Graduate
School of Business.
Our board of directors, excluding Mr. Brown, has determined
that Mr. Browns extensive experience in the venture
capital and private equity industry and his prior service as a
director and as the chairman of audit, compensation, finance and
other special board committees of a number of public and private
companies have provided Mr. Brown with the experience,
skills and attributes necessary to effectively carry out his
duties and responsibilities as a director. Consequently, our
board of directors has determined that Mr. Brown is a
highly qualified candidate for directorship and should therefore
continue to serve as one of our directors.
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Our directors and executive officers will serve until their
successors are elected and qualify. Our executive officers will
act as our agents, execute contracts and other instruments in
our name and on our behalf, and in general perform all duties
incident to their offices and such other duties as may be
prescribed by our board of directors from time to time. Our
officers will devote such portion of their time to our affairs
as is required for the performance of their duties, but they are
not required to devote all of their time to us. Each of our
executive officers is also an officer of our advisor. See
Our Advisor.
Compensation
of Executive Officers and Directors
We do not currently have any employees nor do we currently
intend to hire any employees who will be compensated directly by
us. Each of our executive officers, including each executive
officer who serves as a director, is employed by our advisor or
its affiliates and receives compensation for his or her
services, including services performed on our behalf, from our
advisor or its affiliates. We do not intend to pay any
compensation directly to our executive officers. Our executive
officers, as employees of our advisor or its affiliates, will be
entitled to receive awards in the future under our long-term
incentive plan as a result of their status as employees of our
advisor, although we do not currently intend to grant any such
awards.
We will pay each of our independent directors an annual retainer
of $65,000, plus the audit committee chairperson will receive an
additional $10,000 annual retainer. Each independent director
will receive $3,000 for each in-person meeting of our board of
directors attended, $2,000 for each in-person committee meeting
attended and $1,000 for each board or committee telephonic
meeting in which such independent director participates. Our
independent directors may elect to receive the meeting fees and
annual retainer to which they are entitled in shares of our
common stock with an equivalent value. All of our directors will
receive reimbursement of reasonable
out-of-pocket
expenses incurred in connection with attending meetings of our
board of directors. If a director is also one of our officers,
we will not pay any compensation to such person for services
rendered as a director.
We have approved and adopted an independent directors
compensation plan, which operates as a
sub-plan of
our long-term incentive plan and is described below. Under the
independent directors compensation plan and subject to
such plans conditions and restrictions, each of our
current independent directors was entitled to receive
5,000 shares of restricted common stock in connection with
the initial meeting of the full board of directors. Our board of
directors, and each of the independent directors, agreed to
delay the initial grant of restricted stock until we raised
$2,000,000 in gross offering proceeds. On April 15, 2010,
we raised $2,000,000 in gross offering proceeds in our private
offering and each independent director received his initial
grant of 5,000 shares of restricted stock. Going forward,
each new independent director that joins our board of directors
will receive 5,000 shares of restricted common stock upon
election to our board of directors. In addition, on the date
following an independent directors re-election to our
board of directors, he or she will receive 2,500 shares of
restricted common stock. The shares of restricted common stock
will generally vest in four equal annual installments beginning
on the date of grant and ending on the third anniversary of the
date of grant; provided, however, that the restricted stock will
become fully vested on the earlier to occur of (1) the
termination of the independent directors service as a
director due to his or her death or disability, or (2) a change
in control.
Long-Term
Incentive Plan
We have adopted a long-term incentive plan, which we will use to
attract and retain qualified directors, officers, employees and
consultants. Our long-term incentive plan offers these
individuals an opportunity to participate in our growth through
awards in the form of, or based on, our common stock. We
currently intend to issue awards only to our independent
directors under our
long-term
incentive plan (which awards will be granted under the
sub-plan as
discussed above under Compensation of
Executive Officers and Directors).
Our long-term incentive plan authorizes the granting of
restricted stock, stock options, stock appreciation rights,
restricted or deferred stock units, performance awards, dividend
equivalents, other stock-based awards and cash-based awards to
directors, employees and consultants of ours selected by our
board of directors for participation in our long-term incentive
plan. Stock options granted under the long-term incentive plan
will not exceed an amount equal to 10% of the outstanding shares
of our common stock on the date of grant of any such
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stock options. Any stock options and stock appreciation rights
granted under the long-term incentive plan will have an exercise
price or base price that is not less than fair market value of
our common stock on the date of grant.
Our board of directors, or a committee of our board of
directors, administers the long-term incentive plan, with sole
authority to determine all of the terms and conditions of the
awards, including whether the grant, vesting or settlement of
awards may be subject to the attainment of one or more
performance goals. As described above under
Compensation of Executive Officers and
Directors, our board of directors has adopted a
sub-plan to
provide for regular grants of restricted stock to our
independent directors.
No awards will be granted under either plan if the grant or
vesting of the awards would jeopardize our status as a REIT
under the Internal Revenue Code or otherwise violate the
ownership and transfer restrictions imposed under our charter.
Unless otherwise determined by our board of directors, no award
granted under the long-term incentive plan will be transferable
except through the laws of descent and distribution.
Our board of directors has authorized and reserved
1,000,000 shares for issuance under the long-term incentive
plan. In the event of a transaction between our company and our
stockholders that causes the per-share value of our common stock
to change (including, without limitation, any stock dividend,
stock split, spin-off, rights offering or large nonrecurring
cash dividend), the share authorization limits under the
long-term incentive plan will be adjusted proportionately, and
our board of directors must make such adjustments to the
long-term incentive plan and awards as it deems necessary, in
its sole discretion, to prevent dilution or enlargement of
rights immediately resulting from such transaction. In the event
of a stock split, a stock dividend or a combination or
consolidation of the outstanding shares of common stock into a
lesser number of shares, the authorization limits under the
long-term incentive plan will automatically be adjusted
proportionately and the shares then subject to each award will
automatically be adjusted proportionately without any change in
the aggregate purchase price.
Unless otherwise provided in an award certificate or any special
plan document governing an award, upon the termination of a
participants service due to death or disability, or upon
the occurrence of a change in control, all outstanding options
and stock appreciation rights granted under the
long-term
incentive plan will become fully exercisable and all
time-based
vesting restrictions on outstanding awards will lapse as of the
date of termination or change in control. Unless otherwise
provided in an award certificate or any special plan document
governing an award, with respect to outstanding
performance-based
awards granted under the
long-term
incentive plan, (1) upon the termination of a participants
service due to death or disability, the payout opportunities
attainable under such awards will vest based on target or actual
performance (depending on the time during the performance period
in which the date of termination occurs); (2) upon the
occurrence of a change in control, the payout opportunities
under such awards will vest based on target performance; and
(3) in either case, the awards will payout on a pro rata
basis, based on the time elapsed prior to the termination or
change in control, as the case may be. In addition, our board of
directors may in its sole discretion at any time determine that
all or a portion of a participants awards will become
fully vested. Our board of directors may discriminate among
participants or among awards in exercising such discretion.
The long-term incentive plan will automatically expire on the
tenth anniversary of the date on which it is approved by our
board of directors and stockholders, unless extended or earlier
terminated by our board of directors. Our board of directors may
terminate the long-term incentive plan at any time, including
upon a liquidity event. The expiration or other termination of
the long-term incentive plan will have no adverse impact on any
award previously granted under the long-term incentive plan. Our
board of directors may amend the long-term incentive plan at any
time, but no amendment will adversely affect any award
previously granted and no amendment to the
long-term
incentive plan will be effective without the approval of our
stockholders if such approval is required by any law, regulation
or rule applicable to the long-term incentive plan.
Limited
Liability and Indemnification of Directors, Officers and
Others
Subject to certain limitations, our charter limits the personal
liability of our stockholders, directors and officers for
monetary damages and provides that we will indemnify and pay or
reimburse reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of
a proceeding to our directors, officers and advisor and our
advisors affiliates. In addition, we intend to obtain
directors and officers liability insurance.
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The Maryland General Corporation Law, or the MGCL, permits a
corporation to include in its charter a provision limiting the
liability of its directors and officers to the corporation and
its stockholders for money damages, except for liability
resulting from (1) actual receipt of an improper benefit or
profit in money, property or services or (2) active and
deliberate dishonesty established by a final judgment and which
is material to the cause of action.
The MGCL allows directors and officers to be indemnified against
judgments, penalties, fines, settlements and expenses actually
incurred in a proceeding unless the following can be established:
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an act or omission of the director or officer was material to
the cause of action adjudicated in the proceeding and was
committed in bad faith or was the result of active and
deliberate dishonesty;
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the director or officer actually received an improper personal
benefit in money, property or services; or
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with respect to any criminal proceeding, the director or officer
had reasonable cause to believe his act or omission was unlawful.
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However, indemnification for an adverse judgment in a suit by us
or in our right, or for a judgment of liability on the basis
that personal benefit was improperly received, may not be made
unless ordered by a court if it determines that the director or
officer is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnification,
even though the director or officer did not meet the prescribed
standard of conduct or was adjudged liable on the basis that
personal benefit was improperly received, and then only for
expenses.
The MGCL permits a corporation to advance reasonable expenses to
a director or officer upon receipt of a written affirmation by
the director or officer of his good faith belief that he has met
the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification and a
written undertaking by him or on his behalf to repay the amount
paid or reimbursed if it is ultimately determined that the
standard of conduct was not met.
However, our charter provides that we may indemnify our
directors and our advisor and its affiliates for loss or
liability suffered by them or hold them harmless for loss or
liability suffered by us only if all of the following conditions
are met:
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our directors and our advisor or its affiliates have determined,
in good faith, that the course of conduct that caused the loss
or liability was in our best interests;
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our directors and our advisor or its affiliates were acting on
our behalf or performing services for us;
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in the case of affiliated directors and our advisor or its
affiliates, the liability or loss was not the result of
negligence or misconduct;
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in the case of our independent directors, the liability or loss
was not the result of gross negligence or willful
misconduct; and
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the indemnification or agreement to hold harmless is recoverable
only out of our net assets and not from our stockholders.
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We have also agreed to indemnify and hold harmless our advisor
and its affiliates performing services for us from specific
claims and liabilities arising out of the performance of their
obligations under the advisory agreement subject to the
limitations set forth immediately above. As a result, we and our
stockholders may be entitled to a more limited right of action
than we would otherwise have if these indemnification rights
were not included in the advisory agreement.
The general effect to investors of any arrangement under which
any of our controlling persons, directors or officers are
insured or indemnified against liability is a potential
reduction in distributions resulting from our payment of
premiums associated with insurance or any indemnification for
which we do not have adequate insurance.
The SEC takes the position that indemnification against
liabilities arising under the Securities Act is against public
policy and unenforceable. Indemnification of our directors and
our advisor or its affiliates will
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not be allowed for liabilities arising from or out of a
violation of state or federal securities laws, unless one or
more of the following conditions are met:
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there has been a successful adjudication on the merits of each
count involving alleged securities law violations;
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such claims have been dismissed with prejudice on the merits by
a court of competent jurisdiction; or
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a court of competent jurisdiction approves a settlement of the
claims against the indemnitee and finds that indemnification of
the settlement and the related costs should be made and the
court considering the request for indemnification has been
advised of the position of the SEC and of the published position
of any state securities regulatory authority in which the
securities were offered as to indemnification for violations of
securities laws.
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We may advance funds to our directors, our advisor and its
affiliates for legal expenses and other costs incurred as a
result of legal action for which indemnification is being sought
only if all of the following conditions are met:
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the legal action relates to acts or omissions with respect to
the performance of duties or services on behalf of us;
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the party seeking indemnification has provided us with written
affirmation of his good faith belief that he has met the
standard of conduct necessary for indemnification;
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the legal action is initiated by a third party who is not a
stockholder or the legal action is initiated by a stockholder
acting in his capacity as such and a court of competent
jurisdiction specifically approves such advancement; and
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the party seeking indemnification undertakes to repay the
advanced funds to us, together with the applicable legal rate of
interest thereon, in cases in which he is found not to be
entitled to indemnification.
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Indemnification may reduce the legal remedies available to us
and our stockholders against the indemnified individuals.
The aforementioned charter provisions do not reduce the exposure
of directors and officers to liability under federal or state
securities laws, nor do they limit a stockholders ability
to obtain injunctive relief or other equitable remedies for a
violation of a directors or an officers duties to us
or our stockholders, although the equitable remedies may not be
an effective remedy in some circumstances.
Our
Advisor
We are externally managed and advised by Steadfast Income
Advisor, LLC, a limited liability company formed in the State of
Delaware in May 2009 and a subsidiary of our sponsor. We will
rely on our advisor to manage our
day-to-day
activities and to implement our investment strategy. Our advisor
performs its duties and responsibilities as our fiduciary
pursuant to an advisory agreement.
Our advisor is managed by the following individuals:
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Name
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Age
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Position
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Rodney F. Emery
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Chief Executive Officer and President
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Dinesh K. Davar
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Chief Financial Officer
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Ana Marie del Rio
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Secretary
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Mr. Emery will have primary responsibility for the
management decisions of our advisor, including the selection of
investments to be recommended to our board of directors, the
negotiations in connection with these investments and the
property management and leasing of these investments. For
biographical information on Messrs. Emery and Davar and Ms. del
Rio, see Directors and Executive
Officers above.
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The
Advisory Agreement
Under the terms of our advisory agreement, our advisor will use
its best efforts to present to us investment opportunities that
are consistent with our investment policies and objectives as
adopted by our board of directors. Pursuant to our advisory
agreement, our advisor and its affiliates, will manage our
day-to-day
operations and perform other duties including, but not limited
to, the following:
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finding, presenting and recommending investment opportunities to
us consistent with our investment policies and objectives;
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making investment decisions for us, subject to the limitations
in our charter and the direction and oversight of our board of
directors;
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structuring the terms and conditions of our investments, sales
and joint ventures;
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acquiring investments on our behalf in compliance with our
investment objectives and policies;
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sourcing and structuring our loan originations;
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arranging for financing and refinancing of investments;
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entering into service agreements for our loans;
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supervising and evaluating each loan servicers and
property managers performance;
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reviewing and analyzing the operating and capital budgets of the
properties underlying our investments and the properties we may
acquire;
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entering into leases and service contracts for our properties;
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assisting us in obtaining insurance;
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generating our annual budget;
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reviewing and analyzing financial information for each of our
assets and our overall investment portfolio;
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formulating and overseeing the implementation of strategies for
the administration, promotion, management, financing and
refinancing, marketing, servicing and disposition of our
investments;
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performing investor relations services;
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maintaining our accounting and other records and assisting us in
filing all reports required to be filed with the SEC, the
Internal Revenue Service and other regulatory agencies;
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engaging and supervising the performance of our agents,
including our registrar and transfer agent; and
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performing any other services reasonably requested by us.
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The above summary is provided to illustrate the material
functions that our advisor will perform for us as an advisor and
is not intended to include all of the services that may be
provided to us by our advisor, its affiliates or third parties.
The advisory agreement, which was executed and became effective
on September 28, 2009, was subsequently amended and
restated on May 4, 2010. The advisory agreement has a
one-year term, subject to renewals upon mutual consent of our
advisor and our independent directors for an unlimited number of
successive one year periods. The independent directors will
evaluate the performance of our advisor before renewing the
advisory agreement. Under the terms of the advisory agreement,
neither we nor our advisor are required to provide advance
notice prior to a non-renewal of the advisory agreement. The
advisory agreement may be terminated:
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immediately by us for cause or upon the bankruptcy
of our advisor;
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without cause or penalty by a majority of our independent
directors upon 60 days written notice; or
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with good reason by our advisor upon
60 days written notice.
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Good reason is defined in the advisory agreement to
mean either any failure by us to obtain a satisfactory agreement
from any successor to assume and agree to perform our
obligations under the advisory agreement or any material breach
of the advisory agreement of any nature whatsoever by us or our
operating partnership. Cause is defined in the
advisory agreement to mean fraud, criminal conduct, misconduct
or negligent breach of fiduciary duty by our advisor or a
material breach of the advisory agreement by our advisor.
In the event of the termination of the advisory agreement, our
advisor will cooperate with us and take all reasonable steps to
assist in making an orderly transition of the advisory function.
Upon termination of the advisory agreement, our advisor will be
paid all accrued and unpaid fees and expense reimbursements
earned prior to the date of termination and all outstanding
shares of our convertible stock will convert to shares of our
common stock. Before selecting a successor advisor, our board of
directors must determine that any successor advisor possesses
sufficient qualifications to perform the advisory function and
to justify the compensation it would receive from us.
For a detailed discussion of the fees payable to our advisor
under the advisory agreement, see Management
Compensation. That section also describes our obligation
to reimburse our advisor for organizational and offering
expenses, the cost of providing services to us (other than
services for which it earns acquisition or dispositions fees for
sales of properties or other investments) and payments made by
our advisor to third parties in connection with potential
investments.
Our sponsor and its affiliates expect to engage in other
business ventures, and, as a result, they will not dedicate
their resources exclusively to our business. However, pursuant
to the advisory agreement, our advisor must devote sufficient
resources to our business to discharge its obligations to us.
Holdings
of Shares of Common Stock and Convertible Stock
Our sponsor has invested $200,007 in us through the purchase of
22,223 shares of our common stock, reflecting that no sales
commissions or dealer manager fees were payable on these shares.
Our sponsor may not sell these shares for so long as one of its
affiliates serves as our advisor. Our advisor currently owns
1,000 shares of our convertible stock, for which it
contributed $1,000. Our advisor also contributed $1,000 to our
operating partnership in exchange for its limited partnership
interest in our operating partnership. We are the sole general
partner of our operating partnership. The resale of any of our
shares of common stock by our affiliates is subject to the
provisions of Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities
Act, which rule limits the number of shares that may be sold at
any one time.
Affiliated
Dealer Manager
Steadfast Capital Markets Group, LLC, or Steadfast Capital
Markets Group, will serve as the dealer manager for this
offering. Steadfast REIT Holdings, LLC, or Steadfast Holdings,
an affiliate of our sponsor, currently owns a 24% interest in
our dealer manager and has agreed to purchase the remaining 76%
interest in our dealer manager from Aaron G. Cook, subject to
certain conditions and regulatory approval. The dealer manager
will provide certain sales, promotional and marketing services
to us in connection with the distribution of the shares of our
common stock offered pursuant to this prospectus. We will pay
the dealer manager a sales commission equal to 6.5% of the gross
proceeds from the sale of shares of our common stock sold in the
primary offering and a dealer manager fee equal to 3.5% of the
gross proceeds from the sale of shares of our common stock sold
in the primary offering. Other than serving as dealer manager
for this offering, the dealer manager has no experience acting
as a dealer manager for a public offering.
Mr. Aaron G. Cook will serve as the chief executive officer
and president of the dealer manager. The biography of
Mr. Cook is set forth below.
Aaron G. Cook serves as President of Steadfast Capital
Markets Group, the dealer-manager of this offering. As
President, Mr. Cook oversees business development,
operations, finance, marketing and sales and will have
day-to-day
operating responsibility for Steadfast Capital Markets Group.
Mr. Cook has more than 13 years of securities and
financial services industry experience and has supervised and
assisted in the placement of more than
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$1.3 billion of investor equity in real estate investment
offerings. Mr. Cook previously served as President and
Chief Executive Officer of Steadfast Capital Market Groups
predecessor, Coastal Capital Markets Group, Inc. (formerly CORE
Capital Markets Group, Inc), a FINRA member broker-dealer. From
April 2006 to December 2008, Mr. Cook served as Executive
Vice President and National Sales Manager for Core Realty
Holdings, LLC, a real estate program sponsor. From July 2004 to
April 2006, Mr. Cook served as Managing Director and
national sales manager for Grubb & Ellis Realty
Investors, LLC (formerly, Triple Net Properties, LLC), a real
estate company specializing in the acquisition, disposition and
management of office, industrial, service, and multifamily
properties throughout the United States, where his team
reorganized and developed wholesale securities distribution
systems. Mr. Cook received a Bachelor of Arts from the
University of California at Santa Barbara.
Affiliated
Property Managers
Our real properties will be managed and leased by Steadfast
Management Company, Inc. or another affiliate of our sponsor. We
will pay our property managers a market-based fee equal to a
percentage of the annual gross revenues of each property owned
by us for property management services that is usual and
customary for the type of property in the geographic location of
the property. In determining the market-based property
management fee, our advisor will survey brokers and agents in
the area in which the property is located. This survey may be
conducted informally by our advisor based upon its experience
and contacts in the applicable real estate market. The property
management fee shall only be paid if a majority of our board of
directors, including a majority of our independent directors,
determines that the fee is fair and reasonable in relation to
the services being performed. Our property managers may
subcontract with a third party property manager and will be
responsible for supervising and compensating such third party
property manager. In addition to the property management fee, we
may pay our property managers a separate fee for services
rendered, whether directly or indirectly, in leasing our real
properties to a third party lessee. Such leasing fee will be in
an amount that is usual and customary for comparable services
rendered to similar real properties in the geographic market of
the real property leased; provided, however, that such fee shall
only be paid if a majority of our board of directors, including
a majority of our independent directors, determines that such
fee is fair and reasonable in relation to the services being
performed.
Our property managers will hire, direct and establish policies
for employees who will have direct responsibility for the
operations of each real property managed, which may include, but
is not limited to,
on-site
managers and building and maintenance personnel. Certain
employees of our property managers may be employed on a
part-time basis and may also be employed by our advisor, the
dealer manager or certain companies affiliated with them. Our
property managers will also direct the purchase of equipment and
supplies and will supervise all maintenance activity. We will
not reimburse our property managers for general overhead costs,
as these expenses are included in the fees paid to our property
managers.
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MANAGEMENT
COMPENSATION
Although we have executive officers who will manage our
operations, we have no paid employees. Our advisor will manage
our
day-to-day
affairs and our portfolio of real properties and real
estate-related assets. The following table summarizes all of the
compensation and fees, including reimbursement of expenses, to
be paid by us to our advisor and its affiliates, including the
dealer manager, in connection with our organization, this
offering and our operations, assuming we sell the midpoint of
$750,000,000 and the maximum of $1,500,000,000 in shares in the
primary offering and there are no discounts in the price per
share.
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Type of Compensation
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Estimated Amount if
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and Recipient
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Determination of Amount
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Midpoint/Maximum Sold
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Organizational and Offering Stage
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Sales Commission(1) Dealer Manager
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6.5% of gross offering proceeds from the sale of shares in the primary offering (all of which will be reallowed to participating broker-dealers), subject to reductions based on volume and for certain categories of purchasers. No sales commissions will be paid for sales pursuant to the distribution reinvestment plan.
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$48,750,000/$97,500,000
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Dealer Manager Fee(1)
Dealer Manager
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3.5% of gross offering proceeds from the sale of shares (a portion of which will be reallowed to participating broker-dealers). No dealer manager fee will be paid for sales pursuant to the distribution reinvestment plan.
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$26,250,000/$52,500,000
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Organization and Offering Expenses(2) Advisor and
Affiliates
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To date, our advisor has paid organization and offering expenses
on our behalf. We will reimburse our advisor for these costs and
future organization and offering costs it may incur on our
behalf, but only to the extent that the reimbursement would not
cause the sales commissions, the dealer manager fee and the
other organization and offering expenses borne by us to exceed
15% of the gross proceeds from the primary offering as of the
date of the reimbursement. We expect organization and offering
expenses (other than sales commissions and the dealer manager
fee) to be approximately 1.25% of the gross proceeds from the
primary offering if we raise the midpoint or maximum offering
amount.
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$9,375,000/$18,750,000
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Operational Stage
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Acquisition Fees(3) Advisor
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2.0% of (1) the purchase price in connection with the acquisition or origination of any type of real property or real estate-related asset acquired directly or (2) our allocable portion of the purchase price in connection with the acquisition or origination of any type of real property or real estate-related asset acquired through a joint venture, including any acquisition and origination expenses and any debt attributable to such investments.
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$13,312,500/$26,625,000 (assuming no leverage)
$38,035,715/$76,071,429 (assuming leverage of 65% of the cost of our investments)
$53,250,000/$106,500,000 (assuming leverage of 75% of the cost of our investments)
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Acquisition Expenses Advisor
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In addition to the acquisition fee payable to our advisor, we will reimburse our advisor for amounts it pays to third parties in connection with the selection, acquisition or development of a property or acquisition of real estate-related assets (including expenses relating to potential investments that we do not close).
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Actual amounts are dependent upon the services provided, and
therefore cannot be determined at this time.
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Type of Compensation
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Estimated Amount if
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and Recipient
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Determination of Amount
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Midpoint/Maximum Sold
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Investment Management Fees(4) Advisor
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A monthly amount equal to one-twelfth of 0.80% of (1) the cost of real properties and real estate-related assets acquired directly or (2) our allocable cost of each real property or real estate-related asset acquired through a joint venture. Such fee will be calculated including acquisition fees, acquisition expenses and any debt attributable to such investments, or our proportionate share thereof in the case of investments made through joint ventures.
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Actual amounts depend upon the aggregate cost of our real estate
investments, and therefore cannot be determined at this time.
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Other Operating Expenses(5) Advisor
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Reimbursement of expenses incurred in providing services to us,
including our allocable share of our advisors overhead,
such as rent, employee costs, utilities and IT costs. We will
not reimburse for employee costs in connection with services for
which our advisor or its affiliates receive acquisition fees,
investment management fees or disposition fees or for the
employee costs our advisor pays to our executive officers.
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Actual amounts are dependent upon the services provided, and
therefore cannot be determined at this time.
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Property Management Fees Affiliated Property Managers
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A percentage of the annual gross revenues of each property owned
by us for property management services. The property management
fee payable with respect to each property will be equal to the
percentage of annual gross revenues of the property that is
usual and customary for comparable property management services
rendered to similar properties in the geographic market of the
property, as determined by our advisor and approved by a
majority of our board of directors, including a majority of our
independent directors. See Management
Affiliated Property Managers. Our property managers may
subcontract with third party property managers and will be
responsible for supervising and compensating those third party
property managers.
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Actual amounts depend upon the gross revenue of the properties
and customary property management and leasing fees in the region
in which properties are located and the property types acquired
and therefore cannot be determined at this time.
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Leasing Fees Affiliated Property Managers
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In addition to property management fees, we may pay our property
managers a separate fee for services rendered, whether directly
or indirectly, in leasing our real properties to a third party
lessee. Such leasing fee will be in an amount that is usual and
customary for comparable services rendered to similar real
properties in the geographic market of the real property leased;
provided, however, that such leasing fee shall only be paid if a
majority of our board, including a majority of our independent
directors, determines that such leasing fee is fair and
reasonable in relation to the services being performed.
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Type of Compensation
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Estimated Amount if
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and Recipient
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Determination of Amount
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Midpoint/Maximum Sold
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Independent Directors Compensation Plan
Independent Directors(6)
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Under our independent directors compensation plan, each of
our current independent directors was entitled to receive
5,000 shares of restricted common stock in connection with
the initial meeting of the full board of directors. Our board of
directors, and each of our independent directors, agreed to
delay the initial grant of restricted stock until we raised
$2,000,000 in gross offering proceeds. On April 15, 2010,
we raised over $2,000,000 in gross offering proceeds in our
private offering and each independent director received his
initial grant of 5,000 shares of restricted stock. Going
forward, each new independent director that joins our board of
directors will receive 5,000 shares of restricted common
stock upon election to our board of directors. In addition, on
the date following an independent directors re-election to
our board of directors, he or she will receive 2,500 shares
of restricted common stock. The shares of restricted common
stock will generally vest in four equal annual installments
beginning on the date of grant and ending on the third
anniversary of the date of grant; provided, however, that the
restricted stock will become fully vested on the earlier to
occur of (1) the termination of the independent directors
service as a director due to his or her death or disability, or
(2) a change in control.
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Actual amounts depend upon awards actually granted, and
therefore cannot be determined at this time.
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Liquidity Stage
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Disposition Fees(7) Advisor or its Affiliate
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If our advisor or its affiliates provides a substantial amount
of services, as determined by our independent directors, in
connection with the sale of a property or real estate-related
asset, 1.5% of the sales price.
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Actual amounts depend upon the sale price of investments, and
therefore cannot be determined at this time.
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Type of Compensation
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Estimated Amount if
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and Recipient
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Determination of Amount
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Midpoint/Maximum Sold
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Convertible Stock Advisor
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We have issued 1,000 shares of our convertible stock to our
advisor, for which our advisor contributed $1,000. Our
convertible stock will convert to shares of common stock if and
when: (A) we have made total distributions on the then
outstanding shares of our common stock equal to the original
issue price of those shares plus an 8.0% cumulative,
non-compounded, annual return on the original issue price of
those shares; (B) we list our common stock for trading on a
national securities exchange; or (C) our advisory agreement is
terminated or not renewed (other than for cause as
defined in our advisory agreement). In the event of a
termination or non-renewal of our advisory agreement for cause,
the convertible stock will be redeemed by us for $1.00. In
general, each share of our convertible stock will convert into a
number of shares of common stock equal to 1/1000 of the quotient
of (A) 10% of the excess of (1) our enterprise value
plus the aggregate value of distributions paid to date on the
then outstanding shares of our common stock over (2) the
aggregate purchase price paid by stockholders for those
outstanding shares of common stock plus an 8.0% cumulative,
non-compounded, annual return on the original issue price of
those outstanding shares, divided by (B) our enterprise value
divided by the number of outstanding shares of common stock on
an as-converted basis, in each case calculated as of the date of
the conversion. For a description of how our enterprise
value is determined pursuant to our charter and an example
illustrating how the conversion formula with respect to our
convertible stock set forth above will operate, see
Description of Capital Stock Convertible
Stock.
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Actual amounts depend upon future liquidity events, and
therefore cannot be determined at this time.
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The sales commissions and dealer manager fee may be reduced or
waived in connection with certain categories of sales, such as
sales for which a volume discount applies, sales through
investment advisors or banks acting as trustees or fiduciaries,
sales to our affiliates and sales under our distribution
reinvestment plan. |
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To date, our advisor has paid certain organization and offering
expenses (other than sales commissions and the dealer manager
fee) on our behalf. These organizational and offering expenses
include all expenses to be paid by us in connection with the
offering, including our legal, accounting, printing, mailing and
filing fees, charges of our transfer agent, expenses of
organizing the company, data processing fees, advertising and
sales literature costs, transfer agent costs, information
technology costs, bona fide
out-of-pocket
due diligence costs and amounts to reimburse our advisor or its
affiliates for the salaries of its employees and other costs in
connection with preparing supplemental sales materials and
providing other administrative services in connection with our
offering. Any such reimbursement will not exceed actual expenses
incurred by our advisor. After the termination of the primary
offering, our advisor has agreed to reimburse us to the extent
sales commissions, the dealer manager fee and other organization
and offering expenses borne by us exceed 15% of the gross
proceeds raised in the primary offering. In addition, to the
extent we do not pay the full sales commissions or dealer
manager fee for shares sold in the primary offering, we may also
reimburse costs of bona fide training and education meetings
held by us (primarily the travel, meal and lodging costs of
registered representatives of broker-dealers), attendance and
sponsorship fees and cost reimbursement of employees of our
affiliates to attend seminars conducted by broker-dealers and,
in special, cases, reimbursement to participating broker-dealers
for technology costs associated with the offering, costs and
expenses related to such technology costs, and costs and
expenses associated with the facilitation of the marketing of
our shares and the ownership of our shares by such
broker-dealers customers; provided, however, that we will
not pay any of the foregoing costs to the extent that such
payment would cause total underwriting compensation to exceed
10% of the gross proceeds of the primary offering, as required
by the rules of FINRA. The estimated organization and offering
expenses are based |
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upon the prior experience of the management of our advisor and a
review of public filings of other non-listed REITs. |
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Our charter limits our ability to pay acquisition fees if the
total of all acquisition fees and expenses relating to the
purchase would exceed 6.0% of the contract purchase price. Under
our charter, a majority of our board of directors, including a
majority of the independent directors, would have to approve any
acquisition fees (or portion thereof) which would cause the
total of all acquisition fees and expenses relating to an
acquisition to exceed 6.0% of the contract purchase price. In
connection with the purchase of securities, the acquisition fee
may be paid to an affiliate of our advisor that is registered as
a FINRA member
broker-dealer
if applicable FINRA rules would prohibit the payment of the
acquisition fee to a firm that is not a registered
broker-dealer.
The payment of fees to our advisor may be deferred in certain
circumstances. See Description of Capital
Stock Distributions. |
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We will pay our advisor an investment management fee to
compensate our advisor for the overall management of our
portfolio, which services shall include, but not be limited to,
the following: (i) serving as our investment and financial
advisor and obtaining certain market research and economic and
statistical data in connection with our investments and
investment objectives and policies; (ii) monitoring
applicable markets and obtaining reports, where appropriate,
concerning the value of our investments; (iii) monitoring
and evaluating the performance of our investments, providing
daily investment management services and performing and
supervising the various investment management and operational
functions related to our investments; (iv) formulating and
overseeing the implementation of strategies for the
administration, promotion, management, operation, maintenance,
improvement, financing and refinancing, marketing, leasing and
disposition of our investments on an overall portfolio basis;
(v) overseeing the performance by the property managers of
their duties and conducting periodic
on-site
property visits to some or all of our real properties;
(vi) coordinating and managing relationships between us and
any joint venture partners; and (vii) providing financial
and operational planning services and investment portfolio
management functions, including, without limitation, the
planning and implementation of policies and procedures for
establishing our net asset value and obtaining appraisals and
valuations with respect to our investments. The payment of fees
to our advisor may be deferred in certain circumstances. See
Description of Capital Stock
Distributions. |
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Our advisor must reimburse us at least annually for
reimbursements paid to our advisor in any year, commencing upon
the fourth fiscal quarter following the fiscal quarter ended
March 31, 2010, to the extent that such reimbursements to
our advisor cause our total operating expenses to exceed the
greater of 2% of our average invested assets, or 25% of our net
income, unless the independent directors have determined that
such excess expenses were justified based on unusual and
non-recurring factors. Average invested assets means
the average monthly book value of our assets invested directly
or indirectly in equity interests and loans secured by real
estate during the
12-month
period before deducting depreciation, bad debts or other
non-cash reserves. Total operating expenses means
all expenses paid or incurred by us, as determined under
generally accepted accounting principles in the United States,
or GAAP, that are in any way related to our operation, including
investment management fees, but excluding (a) the expenses
of raising capital such as organization and offering expenses,
legal, audit, accounting, underwriting, brokerage, listing,
registration and other fees, printing and other such expenses
and taxes incurred in connection with the issuance,
distribution, transfer, listing and registration of shares of
our common stock; (b) interest payments; (c) taxes;
(d) non-cash expenditures such as depreciation,
amortization and bad debt reserves; (e) reasonable
incentive fees based on the gain in the sale of our assets;
(f) acquisition fees and acquisition expenses (including
expenses relating to potential acquisitions that we do not
close); (g) real estate commissions on the resale of
investments; and (h) other expenses connected with the
acquisition, disposition, management and ownership of
investments (including the costs of foreclosure, insurance
premiums, legal services, maintenance, repair and improvement of
real property). |
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(6) |
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We have adopted a long-term incentive plan, which authorizes the
granting of restricted stock, stock options, stock appreciation
rights, restricted or deferred stock units, performance awards,
dividend equivalents, other stock-based awards and cash-based
awards to directors, employees and consultants of ours selected
by our board of directors for participation in our long-term
incentive plan. We currently intend to issue awards only to our
independent directors under our long-term incentive plan (which
awards will be granted under our independent directors
compensation plan, which operates as a
sub-plan of
our long-term incentive plan). Please see
Management Compensation of Executive Officers
and Directors and Management Long-Term
Incentive Plan for more information about our long-term
incentive plan and our independent directors compensation
plan. |
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(7) |
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No disposition fee will be paid for securities traded on a
national securities exchange. In the event of a merger or
combination that results in any person or group (other than our
affiliate) becoming the beneficial owner, directly or
indirectly, of 50% of the voting power of our common stock or
any |
89
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transaction pursuant to which our outstanding voting stock is
converted into or exchanged for cash, securities or other
property, we will pay our advisor a disposition fee based on the
aggregate consideration paid in such transaction. To the extent
the disposition fee is paid upon the sale of any assets other
than real property, it will count against the limit on
total operating expenses described in note 5
above. |
In connection with the sale of securities, the disposition fee
may be paid to an affiliate of our advisor that is registered as
a FINRA member broker-dealer if applicable FINRA rules would
prohibit the payment of the disposition fee to a firm that is
not a registered broker-dealer.
Our charter limits the maximum amount of the disposition fees
payable to our advisor for the sale of any real property to the
lesser of one-half of the brokerage commission paid or 3.0% of
the contract sales price.
90
CONFLICTS
OF INTEREST
We are subject to various conflicts of interest arising out of
our relationship with our sponsor and its affiliates, some of
whom serve as our executive officers and directors. Our
independent directors have an obligation to function on our
behalf in all situations in which a conflict of interest may
arise and will have a fiduciary obligation to act on behalf of
the stockholders. The material conflicts of interest are
discussed below.
Our
Affiliates Interests in Other Steadfast
Affiliates
General
Our executive officers, one of our directors and the key real
estate professionals who perform services for us on behalf of
our advisor are also officers, directors, managers,
and/or key
professionals of our sponsor, the dealer manager and other
affiliated entities. These persons have legal obligations with
respect to those entities that are similar to, and may from time
to time conflict with, their obligations to us and our
stockholders. In the future, these persons and other affiliates
may organize other real estate programs and acquire, own and
manage for their own account real estate investments that may be
suitable for us. Certain of our executive officers, directors
and the key real estate professionals who perform services for
us on behalf of our advisor also currently owe fiduciary
obligations to approximately 39 real estate programs that are
currently sponsored by or affiliated with our sponsor.
Our sponsor and its affiliates are not prohibited from engaging,
directly or indirectly, in any other business or from possessing
interests in any other business venture or ventures, including
businesses and ventures involved in the acquisition, ownership,
management, leasing or sale of real property or investing in
real estate-related assets. None of the affiliates of our
sponsor are prohibited from raising money for another entity
that makes the same types of investments that we target and we
may co-invest with any such entity. All such potential
co-investments will be subject to approval by our board of
directors.
Allocation
of Our Affiliates Time
We rely on the key real estate professionals who act on behalf
of our advisor for the
day-to-day
operation of our business. These real estate professionals are
also executive officers of our sponsor and its affiliates. We
cannot currently estimate the time our officers and directors
will be required to devote to us because the time commitment
required of our officers and directors will vary depending upon
a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, general
economic and market conditions effecting us, the amount of
proceeds raised in this offering and our ability to locate and
acquire investments that meet our investment objectives. Since
these real estate professionals engage in and will continue to
engage in other business activities on behalf of themselves and
others, these real estate professionals will face conflicts of
interest in allocating their time among us, our advisor, other
Steadfast affiliates and other business activities in which they
are involved. This could result in actions that are more
favorable to other Steadfast affiliates than to us. However, we
believe that our advisor and its affiliates have sufficient real
estate professionals to fully discharge their responsibilities
to all of the activities of the Steadfast affiliates in which
they are involved.
Competition
We may compete with other Steadfast affiliates for opportunities
to acquire or sell real properties in certain geographic areas.
As a result of this competition, certain investment
opportunities may not be available to us. We and our advisor
have developed procedures to resolve potential conflicts of
interest in the allocation of investment opportunities between
us and Steadfast affiliates. Our advisor will be required to
provide information to our board of directors to enable our
board of directors, including the independent directors, to
determine whether such procedures are being fairly applied.
Certain of our sponsors affiliates currently own or manage
properties in geographic areas in which we expect to acquire
properties. Conflicts of interest will exist to the extent that
we own or manage real properties in the same geographic areas
where real properties owned or managed by other Steadfast
affiliates are located. In such a case, a conflict could arise
in the leasing of real properties in the event that we and
another Steadfast affiliate were to compete for the same tenants
in negotiating leases, or a conflict could arise in connection
with the resale of real properties in the event that we and
another Steadfast affiliate were to attempt to sell similar real
properties at the same time. Conflicts of interest may also
exist at such time as we
91
or our affiliates managing real property on our behalf seek to
employ leasing agents, developers, contractors or building
managers.
Affiliated
Dealer Manager
The dealer manager, Steadfast Capital Markets Group, LLC, is one
of our affiliates, and this relationship may create conflicts of
interest in connection with the performance of its due
diligence. Even though the dealer manager will examine the
information in this prospectus for accuracy and completeness,
the dealer manager will not make an independent due diligence
review and investigation of us or this offering of the type
normally performed by an unaffiliated, independent underwriter
in connection with the offering of securities. Accordingly, you
do not have the benefit of such independent review and
investigation. The dealer manager will not be prohibited from
acting in any capacity in connection with the offer and sale of
securities offered by Steadfast affiliates that may have
investment objectives similar to ours.
Affiliated
Property Managers
Our property managers will perform property management services
for us and our operating partnership. Our property managers are
affiliated with our advisor, and in the future there is
potential for a number of the members of our advisors
management team and our property managers to overlap. As a
result, we will not have the benefit of independent property
management to the same extent as if our advisor and our property
managers were unaffiliated and did not share any employees or
managers. In addition, given that our property managers are
affiliated with us, our agreements with our property managers
will not be at arms-length; however, as a result of our
property managers affiliation with us, all of our
agreements with our property managers will require approval by a
majority of our board of directors (including a majority of our
independent directors) as being fair and reasonable to us and on
terms and conditions no less favorable to us than those
available to unaffiliated third parties. Notwithstanding the
foregoing, we will nevertheless not have the benefit of
arms-length negotiations of the type normally conducted
between unrelated parties.
Joint
Ventures with Our Affiliates
We may enter into joint ventures or other arrangements with our
affiliates to acquire and manage real properties and other real
estate assets, subject to approval by our board of directors and
the separate approval of our independent directors, including a
determination that the investment is fair and reasonable to us
and on substantially the same terms and conditions as those
received by our affiliates. Our advisor and its affiliates may
have conflicts of interest in determining which of such entities
should enter into any particular joint venture agreement. Our
joint venture partners may have economic or business interests
or goals that are or that may become inconsistent with our
business interests or goals. In addition, should any joint
venture be consummated, our advisor may face a conflict in
structuring the terms of the relationship between our interests
and the interest of the affiliated joint venture partner and in
managing the joint venture. Since our advisor will make
investment decisions on our behalf, agreements and transactions
between our advisors affiliates and us as joint venture
partners with respect to any such joint venture will not have
the benefit of arms-length negotiations of the type
normally conducted between unrelated parties.
Fees and
Other Compensation to Our Advisor and its Affiliates
A transaction involving the purchase and sale of a real property
or real estate-related asset may result in the receipt of
commissions, fees and other compensation by our advisor and its
affiliates, including acquisition fees and property management
fees and participation in non-liquidating net sale proceeds.
None of the agreements that provide for fees and other
compensation to our advisor and its affiliates will be the
result of arms-length negotiations. All such agreements,
including our advisory agreement, require approval by a majority
of our board of directors, including a majority of the
independent directors, not otherwise interested in such
transactions, as being fair and reasonable to us and on terms
and conditions no less favorable than those that could be
obtained from unaffiliated entities. The timing and nature of
fees and compensation to our advisor or its affiliates could
create a conflict between the interests of our advisor or its
affiliates and those of our stockholders.
Additionally, in advising our board of directors with respect to
pursuing a liquidity event, our advisor and its affiliates may
have conflicts of interest due to the fact that a liquidity
event will likely cause a termination
92
of the advisory agreement resulting in the cessation of fees
payable to our advisor and its affiliates. Conversely, upon a
liquidity event, our advisor and affiliates may be entitled to
receive disposition fees as well as potential consideration
related to the conversion of the shares of our convertible stock
held by our advisor. In each case, the interests of our advisor
may conflict with our stockholders interests.
Subject to oversight by our board of directors, our advisor has
considerable discretion with respect to all decisions relating
to the terms and timing of all transactions. Therefore, our
advisor may have conflicts of interest concerning certain
actions taken on our behalf, particularly due to the fact that
fees such as the investment management fees and acquisition fees
payable to our advisor are based on the cost of assets we
acquire and will generally be payable regardless of the
performance of the investments we make, and thus may create an
incentive for the advisor to accept a higher purchase price for
assets or to purchase assets that may not otherwise be in our
best interest. Additionally, the property management fees
payable to our property managers will generally be payable
regardless of the quality of services provided to us.
Each transaction we enter into with our advisor or its
affiliates is subject to an inherent conflict of interest. Our
board of directors may encounter conflicts of interest in
enforcing our rights against any affiliate in the event of a
default by or disagreement with an affiliate or in invoking
powers, rights or options pursuant to any agreement between us
and any affiliate. The independent directors who are also
otherwise disinterested in the transaction must approve each
transaction between us and our advisor or any of its affiliates
as being fair and reasonable to us and on terms and conditions
no less favorable to us than those available from unaffiliated
third parties.
Allocation
of Corporate Overhead
We have agreed to reimburse our advisor for its expenses
incurred in providing services to us, including our allocable
share of our advisors overhead, such as rent, utilities,
information technology costs, and employee costs; provided,
however we will not reimburse employee costs in connection with
services for which our advisor receives acquisition fees,
disposition fees or investment management fees. See
Management Compensation Other Operating
Expenses. The amount of our reimbursement of expenses must
be approved by a majority of our independent directors. Our
advisor may face conflicts of interest in making its
determination of the amount of expenses to be allocated to us
and to the other operations of our affiliates.
Conflict
Resolution Procedures
As discussed above, we are subject to potential conflicts of
interest arising out of our relationship with our advisor and
its affiliates. These conflicts may relate to compensation
arrangements, the allocation of investment opportunities, the
terms and conditions on which various transactions might be
entered into by us and our advisor or its affiliates and other
situations in which our interests may differ from those of our
advisor or its affiliates. We have adopted the procedures set
forth below to address these potential conflicts of interest.
Allocation
of Investment Opportunities
Many investment opportunities that are suitable for us may also
be suitable for our sponsor or affiliates of our sponsor. We,
our sponsor, our advisor and other affiliates share certain of
the same executive officers and key employees. When these real
estate professionals direct an investment opportunity to our
sponsor, us or any other affiliate, they, in their sole
discretion, will have to determine the entity for which the
investment opportunity is most suitable based on the investment
objectives, portfolio and criteria of each entity. The advisory
agreement requires that this determination be made in a manner
that is fair without favoring our sponsor or any other
affiliate. The factors that these real estate professionals
could consider when determining the entity for which an
investment opportunity would be the most suitable include the
following:
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the investment objectives and criteria of our sponsor and other
affiliates;
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the cash requirements of our sponsor and its affiliates;
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the portfolio of our sponsor and its affiliates by type of
investment and risk of investment;
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the policies of our sponsor and its affiliates relating to
leverage;
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the anticipated cash flow of the asset to be acquired;
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93
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the income tax effects of the purchase;
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the size of the investment; and
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the amount of funds available to our sponsor and its affiliates
and the length of time such funds have been available for
investment.
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If a subsequent event or development causes any investment, in
the opinion of these real estate professionals, to be more
appropriate for another affiliated entity, they may offer the
investment to such entity.
Independent
Directors
Our board of directors, including the independent directors, has
a duty to ensure that the method used by our advisor for the
allocation of the acquisition of investments by two or more
affiliated programs seeking to acquire similar types of assets
is reasonable and is applied fairly to us. Our independent
directors, acting as a group, will resolve potential conflicts
of interest whenever they determine that the exercise of
independent judgment by our board of directors or our advisor or
its affiliates could reasonably be compromised. However, the
independent directors may not take any action which, under
Maryland law, must be taken by the entire board of directors or
which is otherwise not within their authority. The independent
directors, as a group, are authorized to retain their own legal
and financial advisors. Among the matters we expect the
independent directors to review and act upon are:
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the continuation, renewal or enforcement of our agreements with
our advisor and its affiliates, including the advisory agreement
and the property management agreement, and the agreement with
the dealer manager;
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transactions with affiliates, including our directors and
officers;
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awards under our long-term incentive plan; and
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pursuit of a potential liquidity event.
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Compensation
Involving Our Advisor and its Affiliates
The independent directors will evaluate at least annually
whether the compensation that we contract to pay to our advisor
and its affiliates is reasonable in relation to the nature and
quality of services performed and that such compensation is
within the limits prescribed by our charter. The independent
directors will supervise the performance of our advisor and its
affiliates and the compensation we pay to them to determine that
the provisions of our compensation arrangements are being
performed appropriately. This evaluation will be based on the
factors set forth below as well as any other factors deemed
relevant by the independent directors:
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the quality and extent of the services and advice furnished by
our advisor;
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the amount of fees paid to our advisor in relation to the size,
composition and performance of our investments;
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the success of our advisor in generating investment
opportunities that meet our investment objectives;
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rates charged to other externally advised REITs and similar
investors by advisors performing similar services; and
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additional revenues realized by our advisor and its affiliates
through their relationship with us, whether we pay them or they
are paid by others with whom we do business.
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The independent directors shall record these factors in the
minutes of the meetings at which they make such evaluations. Our
independent directors will not approve the renewal of the
advisory agreement for another one-year term if they determine
that the compensation that we pay to our advisor and its
affiliates is not reasonable in relation to the nature and
quality of the services performed based upon the factors set
forth above. In such circumstances, we would expect our
independent directors to negotiate changes to the fees payable
to our advisor and its affiliates in connection with the renewal
of the advisory agreement. If the result of such negotiations
were not acceptable to our independent directors, our
independent directors could ultimately determine that it is in
the best interests of our stockholders to hire a third party to
serve as our advisor.
94
Acquisitions,
Leases and Sales Involving Affiliates
Due to the potential conflicts of interest we may face in
connection with an acquisition of real property from our
sponsor, our advisor, our directors or any of their affiliates,
our board of directors has determined that our general policy
will be to not purchase any real property from our sponsor, our
advisor, our directors or any of their affiliates. We do not
intend to deviate from this policy unless exceptional
circumstances arise in which our board of directors, in the
exercise of its fiduciary duties to our stockholders and in
consideration of this policy, determines that a particular
purchase of property presents a compelling investment
opportunity on terms that are highly favorable to us. Our
charter requires that in no event may the purchase price paid
for a property acquired from our sponsor, our advisor, any of
our directors or any of their affiliates be in excess of the
propertys current appraised value and that such
transaction must be approved by a majority of the directors,
including a majority of the independent directors, not otherwise
interested in the transaction. We will not sell or lease
properties to our sponsor, our advisor, any of our directors or
any of their affiliates unless a majority of the directors,
including a majority of the independent directors, not otherwise
interested in the transaction determine the transaction is fair
and reasonable to us.
Mortgage
Loans Involving Affiliates
Our charter prohibits us from investing in or making mortgage
loans, including when the transaction is with our sponsor, our
advisor or our directors or any of their affiliates, unless an
independent expert appraises the underlying property. We must
keep the appraisal for at least five years and make it available
for inspection and duplication by any of our stockholders. In
addition, we must obtain a mortgagees or owners
title insurance policy or commitment as to the priority of the
mortgage or the condition of the title. Our charter prohibits us
from making or investing in any mortgage loans that are
subordinate to any lien or other indebtedness of our sponsor,
our advisor, our directors or any of their affiliates.
Loans
and Expense Reimbursements Involving Affiliates
We will not make any loans to our sponsor, our advisor or our
directors or any of their affiliates except mortgage loans for
which an appraisal is obtained from an independent appraiser. In
addition, we will not borrow from these persons unless the
independent directors approve the transaction as being fair,
competitive and commercially reasonable, and no less favorable
to us than comparable loans between unaffiliated parties. These
restrictions on loans will only apply to advances of cash that
are commonly viewed as loans, as determined by our board of
directors. By way of example only, the prohibition on loans
would not restrict advances of cash for legal expenses or other
costs incurred as a result of any legal action for which
indemnification is being sought, nor would the prohibition limit
our ability to advance reimbursable expenses incurred by our
directors or officers, our sponsor, our advisor or any of their
affiliates.
In addition, our directors and officers, our sponsor, our
advisor and any of their affiliates will be entitled to
reimbursement, at cost, for actual expenses incurred by them on
behalf of us or joint ventures in which we are a joint venture
partner, subject to the limitation on reimbursement of operating
expenses to the extent that they exceed the greater of 2% of our
average invested assets or 25% of our net income, as described
in this prospectus under the caption Management
Compensation.
95
PRIOR
PERFORMANCE SUMMARY
The information presented in this section represents the
historical experience of real estate programs sponsored, managed
or advised by our sponsor, Steadfast REIT Investments, LLC, and
its affiliates, which we refer to as prior real estate
programs. The following summary is qualified in its
entirety by reference to the Prior Performance Tables, which are
included in Appendix A to this prospectus. Investors in our
shares of common stock should not assume that they will
experience returns, if any, comparable to those experienced by
investors in such prior real estate programs. Investors who
purchase shares of our common stock will not thereby acquire any
ownership interest in any of the entities to which the following
information relates.
The returns to our stockholders will depend in part on the
mix of real property and real estate-related assets in which we
invest, the stage of investment and our place in the capital
structure for our investments. As our investment portfolio is
unlikely to mirror in any of these respects the investments made
by the prior real estate programs discussed below, the returns
to our stockholders will vary from those generated by the prior
real estate programs. In addition, all of the prior real estate
programs discussed below were conducted through privately-held
entities that were not subject to either the up-front
commissions, fees and expenses associated with this offering or
many of the laws and regulations to which we will be subject.
Neither our sponsor nor any of its affiliates has significant
experience in operating a REIT or a publicly offered investment
program. As a result, you should not assume the past performance
of the prior real estate programs discussed below will be
indicative of our future performance. See the Prior Performance
Tables located in Appendix A of this prospectus.
Our
Sponsor
Our sponsor, Steadfast REIT Investments, LLC, is a member of
Steadfast Companies, a group of integrated real estate
investment and development companies organized in 1994 by Rodney
F. Emery that acquire, develop and manage real estate within the
United States and Mexico. The management team of Steadfast
Companies is led by Mr. Emery, who has over 35 years
experience in commercial real estate investment and asset
management. Steadfast Companies currently owns
and/or
operates approximately 14,500 multifamily units, five retail
shopping malls, three resort hotel properties in Mexico and
various other commercial real estate developments. Steadfast
Companies operates its real estate holdings through four
divisions: Residential Properties, Commercial Properties,
Business Properties, and Resort Properties. Steadfast Companies
currently employs a staff of over 400 professionals.
During the ten year period ended December 31, 2009,
Steadfast Companies has, directly and indirectly, sponsored 57
privately offered prior real estate programs. These prior real
estate programs raised approximately $306 million from
investors and invested primarily in multifamily, office, retail,
industrial and hospitality properties.
We intend to conduct this offering in conjunction with existing
and future offerings by other public and private real estate
programs sponsored by Steadfast Companies. To the extent that
these programs have the same or similar objectives as ours or
involve similar or nearby properties, the programs may be in
competition with the properties we acquire or seek to acquire.
Prior
Performance
The Prior Performance Tables included in Appendix A to this
prospectus set forth information regarding certain prior real
estate programs with investment objectives similar to ours, as
of the dates indicated therein, as to: (1) experience in
raising and investing funds (Table I); (2) compensation to
the sponsor (Table II); (3) annual operating results (Table
III); (4) results of completed prior real estate programs
(Table IV); and (5) results of sales or disposals of
properties for prior real estate programs (Table V).
Additionally, Table VI contained in Part II of the
registration statement of which this prospectus is a part
provides certain additional information relating to properties
acquired by certain prior real estate programs. Upon written
request, we will furnish a copy of such table to you free of
charge.
96
Summary
Information
Capital
Raising
During the ten year period ended December 31, 2009, the
total amount of funds collectively raised from investors in the
57 prior real estate programs was approximately
$306 million. These funds were invested in 153 real
estate projects throughout the United States and Mexico,
inclusive of multifamily, retail, office, industrial, and
hospitality properties, with an aggregate cost (including
initial equity, initial debt, and subsequent property
repositioning costs through additional equity
and/or
financing), of approximately $1.32 billion. An aggregate of
314 individuals invested in the prior real estate programs,
some of which invested capital in multiple properties. See Table
I and Table II of the Prior Performance Tables for more
detailed information about the experience of Steadfast Companies
in raising and investing funds and compensation paid to
Steadfast Companies as the sponsor of certain prior real estate
programs with investment objectives similar to ours.
Investments
During the ten year period ended December 31, 2009, the
prior real estate programs acquired 153 real estate
projects, inclusive of 141 existing developments,
nine ground-up
developments and three raw land investments, located in
19 states in the United States and four cities in Mexico.
The table below provides further information about the
geographic distribution of these properties:
Properties
Acquired
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Approximate Percentage of
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Location
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Property Count
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Property Count
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United States:
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Arizona
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3
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2
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%
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California
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48
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32
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Colorado
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4
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3
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Florida
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4
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3
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Hawaii
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1
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1
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Idaho
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17
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11
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Illinois
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4
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3
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Michigan
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1
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1
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Montana
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7
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5
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New Mexico
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5
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3
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Nevada
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11
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8
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Oregon
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11
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8
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Pennsylvania
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4
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3
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South Carolina
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2
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1
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Texas
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2
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1
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Utah
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2
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1
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Virginia
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2
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1
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Washington
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18
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12
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Wisconsin
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2
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1
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Sub Totals
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148
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100
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Mexico:
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Cabo San Lucas
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2
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40
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Ixtapa
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1
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20
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La Paz
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1
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20
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Manzanillo
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1
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20
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Sub Totals
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5
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|
|
|
100
|
|
United States
|
|
|
148
|
|
|
|
97
|
|
Mexico
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Grand Totals
|
|
|
153
|
|
|
|
100
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
97
The following table provides a breakdown of the properties
acquired by the prior real estate programs for the ten year
period ended December 31, 2009, categorized by property
type:
Properties
Acquired
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As an Approximate
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Percentage of the
|
|
Property Type
|
|
Number
|
|
|
Aggregate Cost
|
|
|
Commercial:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Office
|
|
|
10
|
|
|
|
16
|
%
|
Industrial
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
Retail
|
|
|
10
|
|
|
|
32
|
|
Hotels/Casinos
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
3
|
|
Raw Land
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
|
6
|
|
Multifamily
|
|
|
120
|
|
|
|
40
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total:
|
|
|
153
|
|
|
|
100
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
These properties were financed with a combination of debt and
offering proceeds.
Dispositions
The prior real estate programs sold or otherwise disposed of 31
of the 153 properties they had acquired during the ten year
period ended December 31, 2009, or approximately 20% of the
total properties they had acquired, for an aggregate sum of
approximately $542 million. Some of the properties sold
were originally acquired as part of a portfolio acquisition, and
the corresponding purchase price of these properties was based
on an internal allocation of the acquisition price amongst the
properties in the respective portfolio as compared to a
third-party arms length transaction. The total cost of the
properties sold was approximately $429 million.
Three
Year Summary of Acquisitions
In the three year period ended December 31, 2009, the prior
real estate programs acquired six properties, through
individual and portfolio acquisitions, for an aggregate purchase
price of approximately $270 million. The following table
provides additional information about these acquisitions:
Properties
Acquired:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lexington Green
|
|
El Cajon
|
|
CA
|
|
4/19/07
|
|
Multifamily
|
|
$
|
23,737,024
|
|
Woodranch
|
|
Simi Valley
|
|
CA
|
|
4/25/07
|
|
Office
|
|
|
28,885,223
|
|
Villa Nueva
|
|
San Ysidro
|
|
CA
|
|
9/14/07
|
|
Multifamily
|
|
|
72,814,367
|
|
Sunrise Mall
|
|
Sacramento
|
|
CA
|
|
1/29/08
|
|
Retail
|
|
|
109,468,479
|
|
La Paz
|
|
La Paz
|
|
Mexico
|
|
2/6/08
|
|
Land
|
|
|
11,921,064
|
|
Foxview Apartments
|
|
Carpentersville
|
|
IL
|
|
12/23/08
|
|
Multifamily
|
|
|
23,050,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Property Acquisitions
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
269,876,157
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The total acquisition and rehabilitation cost for property
acquisitions was approximately $270 million, of which
$217 million, or 80.4%, was financed with mortgage
financing with the balance of the acquisition costs funded from
additional investors.
See Table VI in Part II of the registration statement of
which this prospectus is a part for more detailed information
regarding the acquisition of properties by the prior real estate
programs during the three year period ending December 31,
2009. Upon written request, we will provide a copy of such table
to you free of charge.
98
Syndicated
Tax Programs
In addition to the prior real estate programs described above,
which have similar investment objectives to ours, Steadfast
Companies has served as the general partner of 53 limited
partnerships and a limited partner of 20 limited partnerships,
referred to herein as the syndicated tax programs,
during the ten year period ended December 31, 2009. The
syndicated tax programs acquired and constructed or
rehabilitated affordable apartment properties with funding
provided by the syndication of Low Income Housing Tax Credits,
or LIHTCs, issuance of tax-exempt municipal bond financing,
and/or other
government-sponsored subsidy programs such as those sponsored by
the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. The
syndicated tax programs raised approximately $117 million
from 24 investors and provided for the acquisition of over
11,500 multifamily units, the vast majority of which were made
available to low income households at affordable rents. In
addition, through the stock purchase of an affordable housing
company, Steadfast Companies affiliates also serve as the
managing partner of 14 syndicated tax funds where they provide
monitoring and asset management services for four institutional
investors that collectively invested over $232 million. The
primary investment objectives of the syndicated tax programs is
to provide certain tax benefits to owners in the form of tax
credits, which each syndicated tax programs limited
partners could use to offset income from other sources.
Adverse
Business Developments
The recent downturn in the economy and accompanying credit
crisis has had an adverse impact upon certain prior real estate
programs sponsored by Steadfast Companies. As is common among
commercial property owners during this type of economic
downturn, the rate of leasing of available space within
commercial projects held by Steadfast Companies has declined,
and the rental rates achieved for such properties during this
period have been adversely impacted. During 2009, the membership
interests in Steadfast Woodranch, LLC, which developed a
commercial condominium project, were assigned to the mezzanine
lender on the project in exchange for the cancellation of
indebtedness as a result of the projects inability to meet
its obligations under the corresponding loan agreement.
Additionally, Steadfast Heritage, LLC is in default on its
outstanding debt obligations and is in negotiations with its
lender to purchase the note at a discount or deliver a
deed-in-lieu to transfer the underlying property. However, aside
from the properties owned by Steadfast Woodranch, LLC and
Steadfast Heritage, LLC, each of which is encumbered by
non-recourse
debt, the adverse effects experienced by Steadfast Companies to
date have not been significant. The maturing debt problems that
have negatively impacted many commercial property owners due to
the current credit crisis also has not been an issue for
Steadfast Companies as none of its outstanding debt matures
prior to 2011.
99
MANAGEMENTS
DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Overview
We are a newly formed company and have no operating history. We
are dependent upon proceeds received from this offering to
conduct our proposed activities. The capital required to
purchase our investments will be obtained from the offering and
from any indebtedness that we may incur in connection with the
investment or thereafter. We have initially been capitalized
with $202,007, $200,007 of which was contributed by our sponsor
on June 12, 2009 in exchange for 22,223 shares of our
common stock and $1,000 of which was contributed by our advisor
on July 10, 2009 in exchange for 1,000 shares of our
convertible stock. In addition, our advisor has invested $1,000
in our operating partnership in exchange for its limited
partnership interests. We have no commitments to acquire any
investments or to make any other material capital expenditures.
On October 13, 2009, we commenced a private offering of up
to $94,000,000 in shares of our common stock, subject to an
option to increase the offering by up to $18,800,000 in shares
of our common stock, at a purchase price of $9.40 per share
(with discounts available for certain categories of purchasers),
which we refer to as the private offering. We are
offering shares of our common stock for sale in the private
offering pursuant to a confidential private placement memorandum
and only to persons that are accredited investors,
as that term is defined under the Securities Act and
Regulation D promulgated thereunder. As of June 8,
2010, we had received aggregate gross offering proceeds, net of
certain discounts, of approximately $3,498,366 from the sale of
approximately 381,195 shares in the private offering. We
intend to terminate the private offering upon the commencement
of this offering.
Steadfast Income Advisor, LLC is our advisor. Subject to certain
restrictions and limitations, our advisor will manage our
day-to-day
operations and our portfolio of properties and real
estate-related assets. Our advisor also will source and present
investment opportunities to our board of directors. Our advisor
will also provide investment management, marketing, investor
relations and other administrative services on our behalf.
Substantially all of our business will be conducted through
Steadfast Income REIT Operating Partnership, L.P., our operating
partnership. We are the sole general partner of our operating
partnership. The initial limited partner of our operating
partnership is our advisor. As we accept subscriptions for
shares, we will transfer substantially all of the net proceeds
of the offering to our operating partnership as a capital
contribution. The limited partnership agreement of our operating
partnership provides that our operating partnership will be
operated in a manner that will enable us to (1) satisfy the
requirements for being classified as a REIT for tax purposes,
(2) avoid any federal income or excise tax liability and
(3) ensure that our operating partnership will not be
classified as a publicly traded partnership for
purposes of Section 7704 of the Internal Revenue Code,
which classification could result in our operating partnership
being taxed as a corporation, rather than as a partnership. In
addition to the administrative and operating costs and expenses
incurred by our operating partnership in acquiring and operating
real properties, our operating partnership will pay all of our
administrative costs and expenses, and such expenses will be
treated as expenses of our operating partnership. We will
experience a relative increase in liquidity as additional
subscriptions for shares of our common stock are received and a
relative decrease in liquidity as offering proceeds are used to
acquire and operate our assets.
Our advisor may, but is not required to, establish working
capital reserves from offering proceeds out of cash flow
generated by our investments or out of proceeds from the sale of
our investments. We do not anticipate establishing a general
working capital reserve; however, we may establish capital
reserves with respect to particular investments. We also may,
but are not required to, establish reserves out of cash flow
generated by investments or out of net sale proceeds in
non-liquidating sale transactions. Working capital reserves are
typically utilized to fund tenant improvements, leasing
commissions and major capital expenditures. Our lenders also may
require working capital reserves.
To the extent that the working capital reserve is insufficient
to satisfy our cash requirements, additional funds may be
provided from cash generated from operations or through
short-term borrowing. In addition,
100
subject to the limitations described in this prospectus, we may
incur indebtedness in connection with the acquisition of any
real estate asset, refinance the debt thereon, arrange for the
leveraging of any previously unfinanced property or reinvest the
proceeds of financing or refinancing in additional properties.
If we qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, we
generally will not be subject to federal income tax on income
that we distribute to our stockholders. If we fail to qualify as
a REIT in any taxable year after the taxable year in which we
initially elect to be taxed as a REIT, we will be subject to
federal income tax on our taxable income at regular corporate
rates and will not be permitted to qualify for treatment as a
REIT for federal income tax purposes for four years following
the year in which qualification is denied. Failing to qualify as
a REIT could materially and adversely affect our net income.
Factors
Which May Influence Results of Operations
Rental
Income
The amount of rental income generated by our properties depends
principally on our ability to maintain the occupancy rates of
currently leased space, to lease currently available space and
lease space available from unscheduled lease terminations at the
existing rental rates. Negative trends in one or more of these
factors could adversely affect our rental income in future
periods.
Offering
Proceeds
Our ability to invest in properties and other real
estate-related assets will depend upon the net proceeds raised
in the offering and our ability to finance the acquisition of
such assets. If we raise substantially less than the maximum
offering amount, we will make fewer investments resulting in
less diversification in terms of the number of investments owned
resulting in fewer sources of income. In such event, the
likelihood of our profitability being affected by the
performance of any one of our investments will increase. In
addition, if we are unable to raise substantial funds, our fixed
operating expenses, as a percentage of gross income, would be
higher which could affect our net income and results of
operations.
Sarbanes-Oxley
Act
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended, or the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and related laws, regulations and standards
relating to corporate governance and disclosure requirements
applicable to public companies, have increased the costs of
compliance with corporate governance, reporting and disclosure
practices which are now required of us. These costs may have a
material impact on our results of operations and could impact
our ability to pay distributions to our stockholders.
Furthermore, we expect that these costs will increase in the
future due to our continuing implementation of compliance
programs mandated by these requirements. Any increased costs may
affect our ability to distribute funds to our stockholders.
In addition, these laws, rules and regulations create new legal
grounds and theories for potential administrative enforcement,
civil and criminal proceedings against us in case of
non-compliance, thereby increasing the risks of liability and
potential sanctions against us. We expect that our efforts to
comply with these laws and regulations will continue to involve
significant and potentially increasing costs, and our failure to
comply could result in fees, fines, penalties or administrative
remedies against us.
Critical
Accounting Policies
Below is a discussion of the accounting policies that we believe
will be critical once we commence operations. We consider these
policies critical because they involve significant judgments and
assumptions, require estimates about matters that are inherently
uncertain and because they are important for understanding and
evaluating our reported financial results. These judgments
affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and our
disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of
the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and
expenses during the reporting periods. With different estimates
or assumptions, materially different amounts could be reported
in our financial statements. Additionally, other
101
companies may utilize different estimates that may impact the
comparability of our results of operations to those of companies
in similar businesses.
Real
Estate Assets
Depreciation
We will have to make subjective assessments as to the useful
lives of our depreciable assets. These assessments will have a
direct impact on our net income, because, if we were to shorten
the expected useful lives of our investments in real estate, we
would depreciate these investments over fewer years, resulting
in more depreciation expense and lower net income on an annual
basis throughout the expected useful lives of these investments.
We consider the period of future benefit of an asset to
determine its appropriate useful life. We anticipate the
estimated useful lives of our assets by class to be as follows:
|
|
|
Buildings
|
|
25-40 years
|
Building improvements
|
|
10-25 years
|
Tenant improvements
|
|
Shorter of lease term or expected useful life
|
Tenant origination and absorption costs
|
|
Remaining term of related lease
|
Furniture, fixtures, and equipment
|
|
7-10 years
|
Real
Estate Purchase Price Allocation
In accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board
Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, Topic 805,
Business Combinations, we will record above-market and
below-market in-place lease values for acquired properties based
on the present value (using an interest rate that reflects the
risks associated with the leases acquired) of the difference
between (1) the contractual amounts to be paid pursuant to
the in-place leases and (2) our estimate of fair market
lease rates for the corresponding in-place leases, measured over
a period equal to the remaining non-cancelable term of the
lease. We will amortize any capitalized above-market or
below-market lease values as an increase or reduction to rental
income over the remaining non-cancelable terms of the respective
leases, which we expect will range from one month to ten years.
Acquisition costs will generally be expensed as incurred.
We will measure the aggregate value of other intangible assets
acquired based on the difference between (1) the property
valued with existing in-place leases adjusted to market rental
rates and (2) the property valued as if vacant. Our
estimates of value are expected to be made using methods similar
to those used by independent appraisers (e.g., discounted cash
flow analysis). Factors to be considered by us in our analysis
include an estimate of carrying costs during hypothetical
expected
lease-up
periods considering current market conditions and costs to
execute similar leases.
We will also consider information obtained about each property
as a result of our preacquisition due diligence, marketing and
leasing activities in estimating the fair value of the tangible
and intangible assets acquired. In estimating carrying costs, we
will also include real estate taxes, insurance and other
operating expenses and estimates of lost rentals at market rates
during the expected
lease-up
periods. We will also estimate costs to execute similar leases,
including leasing commissions and legal and other related
expenses to the extent that such costs have not already been
incurred in connection with a new lease origination as part of
the transaction.
The total amount of other intangible assets acquired will be
further allocated to in-place lease values and customer
relationship intangible values based on our evaluation of the
specific characteristics of each tenants lease and our
overall relationship with that respective tenant.
Characteristics that we will consider in allocating these values
include the nature and extent of our existing business
relationships with the tenant, growth prospects for developing
new business with the tenant, the tenants credit quality
and expectations of lease renewals (including those existing
under the terms of the lease agreement), among other factors.
We will amortize the value of in-place leases to expense over
the initial term of the respective leases. The value of customer
relationship intangibles will be amortized to expense over the
initial term and any renewal
102
periods in the respective leases, but in no event will the
amortization periods for the intangible assets exceed the
remaining depreciable life of the building. Should a tenant
terminate its lease, the unamortized portion of the in-place
lease value and customer relationship intangibles would be
charged to expense in that period.
Estimates of the fair values of the tangible and intangible
assets will require us to estimate market lease rates, property
operating expenses, carrying costs during
lease-up
periods, discount rates, market absorption periods and the
number of years the property will be held for investment. The
use of inappropriate estimates would result in an incorrect
assessment of our purchase price allocation, which would impact
the amount of our net income.
Impairment
of Real Estate Assets
We will continually monitor events and changes in circumstances
that could indicate that the carrying amounts of our real estate
and related intangible assets may not be recoverable. When
indicators of potential impairment suggest that the carrying
value of real estate and related intangible assets may not be
recoverable, we will assess the recoverability of the assets by
estimating whether we will recover the carrying value of the
asset through its undiscounted future cash flows and its
eventual disposition. If based on this analysis we do not
believe that we will be able to recover the carrying value of
the asset, we will record an impairment loss to the extent that
the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value of the asset
as defined by ASC Topic 360, Property, Plant and
Equipment, or ASC 360.
Projections of future cash flows require us to estimate the
expected future operating income and expenses related to an
asset as well as market and other trends. The use of
inappropriate assumptions in our future cash flows analyses
would result in an incorrect assessment of our assets
future cash flows and fair values and could result in the
overstatement of the carrying values of our real estate assets
and an overstatement of our net income.
Real
Estate Loans Receivable and Loan Loss Reserves
Real estate loans will be classified as held for investment
based on our intent and ability to hold the loans for the
foreseeable future. Real estate loans held for investment will
be recorded at amortized cost and evaluated for impairment at
each balance sheet date. The amortized cost of a loan is the
outstanding unpaid principal balance, net of unamortized
acquisition premiums or discounts and unamortized costs and fees
directly associated with the origination or acquisition of the
loan. The real estate loans receivable will be reviewed for
potential impairment at each balance sheet date. A loan
receivable is considered impaired when it becomes probable,
based on current information, that we will be unable to collect
all amounts due according to the loans contractual terms.
The amount of impairment, if any, is measured by comparing the
recorded amount of the loan receivable to the present value of
the expected cash flows or the fair value of the collateral. If
a loan was deemed to be impaired, we would record a reserve for
loan losses through a charge to income for any shortfall.
We will record real estate loans held for sale at the lower of
amortized cost or fair value. We will determine fair value for
loans held for sale by using current secondary market
information for loans with similar terms and credit quality. If
current secondary market information is not available, we will
consider other factors in estimating fair value, including
modeled valuations using assumptions we believe a reasonable
market participant would use in valuing similar assets
(assumptions may include loss rates, prepayment rates, interest
rates and credit spreads). If fair value is lower than the
amortized cost basis of the loan, we will record a valuation
allowance to write the loan down to fair value.
Failure to recognize impairment would result in the
overstatement of the carrying values of our real estate loans
receivable and an overstatement of our net income.
Marketable
Real Estate-Related Assets
We will classify certain real estate-related assets in
accordance with ASC Topic 320, Investments
Debt and Equity Securities. We anticipate that the majority
of the real estate-related assets we purchase will be
103
classified as
available-for-sale.
We will record
available-for-sale
investments at fair value with unrealized gains and losses, net
of deferred taxes, recorded to accumulated other comprehensive
income (loss) within stockholders equity. Estimated fair
values will generally be based on quoted market prices, when
available, or on estimates provided by independent pricing
sources or dealers who make markets in such investments. If we
are unable to obtain prices for our investments from third
parties, or conclude that prices obtained from third parties are
influenced by distressed market activity, then we will perform
internal valuations to arrive at a fair value measurement that
is consistent with ASC Topic 820, Fair Value
Measurements and Disclosures. Generally, changes in the fair
value of
available-for-sale
investments will not affect reported earnings or cash flows, but
will impact stockholders equity and, accordingly, book
value per share. Upon the sale of an investment, we will reverse
the unrealized gain (loss) from accumulated comprehensive income
and record the realized gain (loss) to earnings. Investments
classified as
held-to-maturity
will be recorded at amortized cost with acquisition premiums and
discounts amortized to interest income over the life of the
security using the effective interest method.
We will monitor
available-for-sale
and
held-to-maturity
investments for impairment on a quarterly basis. We will
recognize an impairment loss when we determine that a decline in
the estimated fair value of a investment below its amortized
cost is
other-than-temporary.
We will consider many factors in determining whether the
impairment of an investment is deemed to be
other-than-temporary,
including, but not limited to, the length of time the investment
has had a decline in estimated fair value below its amortized
cost, the amount of the unrealized loss, the intent and ability
to hold the investment for a period of time sufficient for a
recovery in value, recent events specific to the issuer or
industry, external credit ratings, and recent changes in such
ratings. Determining whether impairment of an investment is
other-than-temporary
involves a significant amount of judgment.
We will account for certain purchased real estate-related assets
that are beneficial interests in securitized financial assets
that are rated below AA in accordance with ASC
Topic 325, Investments Other, or
ASC 325. Under ASC 325, we will review on a quarterly
basis, the projected future cash flows of these investments for
changes in assumptions due to prepayments, credit loss
experience and other factors. When significant changes in
estimated cash flows from the cash flows previously estimated
occur due to actual prepayment and credit loss experience, we
will calculate a revised yield based upon the current reference
amount of the investment, including any other than temporary
impairments recognized to date, and the revised estimate of cash
flows. We will apply the revised yield prospectively to
recognize interest income. If based on our quarterly estimate of
cash flows, there has been an adverse change in the estimated
cash flows from the cash flows previously estimated and the
present value of the revised cash flow is less than the present
value previously estimated, an
other-than-temporary
impairment will be deemed to have occurred. When we deem an
investment to be other-than temporarily impaired, we are
required to distinguish between other-than temporary impairments
related to credit and other-than-temporary impairments related
to other factors (e.g., market fluctuations) on our securities
that we do not intend to sell and where it is not likely that we
will be required to sell the security prior to the anticipated
recovery of its amortized cost basis. We calculate the credit
component of the other-than-temporary impairment as the
difference between the amortized cost basis of the security and
the present value of its estimated cash flows discounted at the
yield used to recognize interest income. The credit component
will be charged to earnings and the component related to other
factors will be recorded to other comprehensive income (loss).
Estimating cash flows and determining whether there is
other-than-temporary
impairment requires us to exercise judgment and make significant
assumptions, including, but not limited to, assumptions
regarding estimated payments, loss assumptions, and assumptions
with respect to changes in interest rates. As a result, actual
impairment losses and the timing of income recognized on these
securities could materially differ from reported amounts.
Revenue
Recognition
We will recognize minimum rent, including rental abatements,
concessions and contractual fixed increases attributable to
operating leases, on a straight-line basis over the term of the
related lease and amounts expected to be received in later years
will be recorded as deferred rents. We will record property
operating expense reimbursements due from tenants for common
area maintenance, real estate taxes, and other
104
recoverable costs in the period the related expenses are
incurred. We will recognize revenues from property management,
asset management, syndication and other services when the
related fees are earned and are realizable.
We will make estimates of the collectibility of our tenant
receivables related to base rents, including straight-line
rentals, expense reimbursements and other revenue or income. We
will specifically analyze accounts receivable and historical bad
debts, customer creditworthiness, current economic trends and
changes in customer payment terms when evaluating the adequacy
of the allowance for doubtful accounts. In addition, with
respect to tenants in bankruptcy, we will make estimates of the
expected recovery of pre-petition and post-petition claims in
assessing the estimated collectibility of the related
receivable. In some cases, the ultimate resolution of these
claims can exceed one year. These estimates have a direct impact
on our net income because a higher bad debt reserve results in
less net income.
We will recognize gains on sales of real estate pursuant to the
provisions of ASC 360. The specific timing of a sale will
be measured against various criteria in ASC 360 related to
the terms of the transaction and any continuing involvement
associated with the property. If the criteria for profit
recognition under the full-accrual method are not met, we will
defer gain recognition and account for the continued operations
of the property by applying the
percentage-of-completion,
reduced profit, deposit, installment or cost recovery methods,
as appropriate, until the appropriate criteria are met.
Interest income from loans receivable will be recognized based
on the contractual terms of the debt instrument. Fees related to
any buydown of the interest rate will be deferred as prepaid
interest income and amortized over the term of the loan as an
adjustment to interest income. Closing costs related to the
purchase of a loan receivable will be amortized over the term of
the loan and accreted as an adjustment against interest income.
Distribution
Policy
We expect to authorize and declare daily distributions that will
be paid on a monthly basis. We intend to accrue distributions on
a daily basis and make distributions on a monthly basis
beginning no later than the first calendar month after the month
in which we make our first real estate investment. Once we
commence paying distributions, we expect to continue paying
monthly distributions unless our results of operations, our
general financial condition, general economic conditions or
other factors prohibit us from doing so. The timing and amount
of distributions will be determined by our board of directors in
its discretion and may vary from time to time. In connection
with a distribution to our stockholders, our board of directors
will authorize a monthly distribution of a certain dollar amount
per share of our common stock. We will then calculate each
stockholders specific distribution amount for the month
using daily record and declaration dates. Your distributions
will begin to accrue on our acceptance of your subscription.
Generally, our policy will be to pay distributions from cash
flow from operations. However, we expect to have little, if any,
cash flow from operations available for distribution until we
make substantial investments. Further, because we may receive
income from interest or rents at various times during our fiscal
year and because we may need cash flow from operations during a
particular period to fund capital expenditures and other
expenses, we expect that at least during the early stages of our
development and from time to time during our operational stage,
we will declare distributions in anticipation of cash flow that
we expect to receive during a later period, and we expect to pay
these distributions in advance of our actual receipt of these
funds. In these instances, our board of directors has the
authority under our organizational documents, to the extent
permitted by Maryland law, to fund distributions from sources
such as borrowings, offering proceeds or advances and the
deferral of fees and expense reimbursements by our advisor in
its sole discretion. We have not established a limit on the
amount of proceeds we may use from this offering to fund
distributions. If we pay distributions from sources other than
cash flow from operations, we will have fewer funds available
for investments and your overall return on your investment in us
may be reduced.
In order to provide additional available funds for us to pay
distributions, under certain circumstances our obligation to pay
all fees due to the advisor pursuant to the advisory agreement
will be deferred up to an aggregate amount of $5 million
during our offering stage. If, during any calendar quarter
during our offering
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stage, the distributions we pay exceed our funds from operations
(as defined by NAREIT), plus (1) any acquisition expenses
and acquisition fees expensed by us that are related to any
property, loan or other investment acquired or expected to be
acquired by us and (2) any non-operating, non-cash charges
incurred by us, such as impairments of property or loans, any
other than temporary impairments of marketable securities, or
other similar charges, for the quarter, which we refer to as our
adjusted funds from operations, the payment of fees
we are obligated to pay our advisor will be deferred in an
amount equal to the amount by which the distributions paid to
our stockholders for the quarter exceed our adjusted funds from
operations up to an amount equal to a 7.0% cumulative
non-compounded
annual return on stockholders invested capital, prorated
for such quarter. For a discussion of how we calculate funds
from operations, see Funds From
Operations. We are only obligated to pay our advisor for
these deferred fees if and to the extent that our cumulative
adjusted funds from operations for the period beginning on the
date of the commencement of our private offering through the
date of any such payment exceed the lesser of (1) the
cumulative amount of any distributions paid to our stockholders
as of the date of such payment or (2) an amount that is
equal to a 7.0% cumulative, non-compounded, annual return on
invested capital for our stockholders for the period from the
commencement of this offering through the date of such payment.
Our obligation to pay the deferred fees will survive the
termination of the advisory agreement and will continue to be
subject to the repayment conditions above. We will not pay
interest on the deferred fees if and when such fees are paid to
our advisor. The amount of fees that may be deferred as
described above is limited to an aggregate of $5 million.
We will accrue the probable and estimable amount of deferred
fees and the deferred fees will continue to accrue until the
fees are either paid or it becomes remote that the fees will be
paid to our advisor. We anticipate that any deferred fees will
ultimately be paid and therefore will be accrued when incurred.
To maintain our qualification as a REIT, we must make aggregate
annual distributions to our stockholders of at least 90% of our
REIT taxable income (which is computed without regard to the
dividends paid deduction or net capital gain and which does not
necessarily equal net income as calculated in accordance with
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States,
or GAAP). If we meet the REIT qualification requirements, we
generally will not be subject to federal income tax on the
income that we distribute to our stockholders each year.
We have not established a minimum distribution level, and our
charter does not require that we make distributions to our
stockholders.
Income
Taxes
We intend to elect to be taxed as a REIT under the Internal
Revenue Code and intend to operate as such beginning with our
taxable year ending December 31, 2010. We expect to have
little or no taxable income prior to electing REIT status. To
qualify as a REIT, we must meet certain organizational and
operational requirements, including a requirement to distribute
at least 90% of our annual REIT taxable income to our
stockholders (which is computed without regard to the dividends
paid deduction or net capital gain and which does not
necessarily equal net income as calculated in accordance with
GAAP). As a REIT, we generally will not be subject to federal
income tax to the extent we distribute qualifying dividends to
our stockholders. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable
year, we will be subject to federal income tax on our taxable
income at regular corporate income tax rates and generally will
not be permitted to qualify for treatment as a REIT for federal
income tax purposes for the four taxable years following the
year during which qualification is lost unless the Internal
Revenue Service grants us relief under certain statutory
provisions. Such an event could materially adversely affect our
net income and net cash available for distribution to
stockholders. However, we intend to organize and operate in such
a manner as to qualify for treatment as a REIT.
Results
of Operations
As of the date of this prospectus, we are in our organizational
and development stage and have not commenced operations.
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Liquidity
and Capital Resources
If we raise substantially less funds in the offering than the
maximum offering amount, we will make fewer investments
resulting in less diversification in terms of the type, number
and size of investments we make and the value of an investment
in us will fluctuate with the performance of the specific assets
we acquire. Further, we will have certain fixed operating
expenses, including certain expenses as a public REIT,
regardless of whether we are able to raise substantial funds in
this offering. Our inability to raise substantial funds would
increase our fixed operating expenses as a percentage of gross
income, reducing our net income and limiting our ability to make
distributions.
We currently have no outstanding debt. Once we have fully
invested the proceeds of this offering, we expect that our
overall borrowings will be 65% or less of the cost of our
investments, although we expect to exceed this level during our
offering stage in order to enable us to quickly build a
diversified portfolio. Under our charter, we have a limitation
on borrowing which precludes us from borrowing in excess of 300%
of the value of our net assets, which generally approximates to
75% of the aggregate cost of our assets, though we may exceed
this limit only under certain circumstances.
In addition to making investments in accordance with our
investment objectives, we expect to use our capital resources to
make certain payments to our advisor and the dealer manager.
During our organization and offering stage, these payments will
include payments to the dealer manager for sales commissions and
the dealer manager fee and payments to our advisor for
reimbursement of certain organization and offering expenses.
However, our advisor has agreed to reimburse us to the extent
that sales commissions, the dealer manager fee and other
organization and offering expenses incurred by us exceed 15% of
our gross offering proceeds. During our operating stage, we
expect to make payments to our advisor in connection with the
acquisition of investments, the management of our assets and
costs incurred by our advisor in providing services to us. For a
discussion of the compensation to be paid to our advisor and the
dealer manager, see Management Compensation.
Our principal demand for funds will be to acquire properties and
real estate-related assets, to pay operating expenses and
interest on our outstanding indebtedness and to make
distributions to our stockholders. Over time, we intend to
generally fund our cash needs for items, other than asset
acquisitions, from operations. Otherwise, we expect that our
principal sources of working capital will include:
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current cash balances;
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public offerings;
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various forms of secured financing;
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borrowings under master repurchase agreements;
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equity capital from joint venture partners;
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proceeds from our operating partnerships private
placements, if any;
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proceeds from our distribution reinvestment plan; and
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cash from operations.
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Over the short term, we believe that our sources of capital,
specifically our cash balances, cash flow from operations, our
ability to raise equity capital from joint venture partners, our
ability to obtain various forms of secured financing and
proceeds from our operating partnerships private
placement, if any, will be adequate to meet our liquidity
requirements and capital commitments.
Over the longer term, in addition to the same sources of capital
we will rely on to meet our short term liquidity requirements,
we may also utilize additional secured and unsecured financings
and equity capital from joint venture partners. We may also
conduct additional public offerings. We expect these resources
will be adequate to fund our operating activities, debt service
and distributions, which we presently anticipate will
107
grow over time, and will be sufficient to fund our ongoing
acquisition activities as well as providing capital for
investment in future development and other joint ventures along
with potential forward purchase commitments.
Inflation
Substantially all of our multifamily property leases will be for
a term of one year or less. In an inflationary environment, this
may allow us to realize increased rents upon renewal of existing
leases or the beginning of new leases. Short-term leases
generally will minimize our risk from the adverse effects of
inflation, although these leases generally permit tenants to
leave at the end of the lease term and therefore will expose us
to the effect of a decline in market rents. In a deflationary
rent environment, we may be exposed to declining rents more
quickly under these shorter term leases.
With respect to other commercial properties, we expect to
include provisions in our leases designed to protect us from the
impact of inflation. These provisions will include reimbursement
billings for operating expense pass-through charges, real estate
tax and insurance reimbursements, or in some cases annual
reimbursement of operating expenses above a certain allowance.
We believe that shorter term lease contracts lessen the impact
of inflation due to the ability to adjust rental rates to market
levels as leases expire.
REIT
Compliance
To qualify as a REIT for tax purposes, we will be required to
distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (which is
computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction or net
capital gain and which does not necessarily equal net income as
calculated in accordance with GAAP) to our stockholders. We must
also meet certain asset and income tests, as well as other
requirements. We will monitor the business and transactions that
may potentially impact our REIT status. If we fail to qualify as
a REIT in any taxable year, we will be subject to federal income
tax (including any applicable alternative minimum tax) on our
taxable income at regular corporate rates.
Funds
from Operations
GAAP basis accounting for real estate assets utilizes historical
cost accounting and assumes real estate values diminish over
time. In an effort to overcome the difference between real
estate values and historical cost accounting for real estate
assets, the Board of Governors of NAREIT established the
measurement tool of funds from operations, or FFO. Since its
introduction, FFO has become a widely used non-GAAP financial
measure among REITs. We believe that FFO is helpful to investors
as an additional measure of the performance of an equity REIT.
We intend to compute FFO in accordance with standards
established by the Board of Governors of NAREIT in its April
2002 White Paper, which we refer to as the White
Paper, and related implementation guidance, which may
differ from the methodology for calculating FFO utilized by
other equity REITs, and, accordingly, may not be comparable to
such other REITs. The White Paper defines FFO as net income
(loss) (computed in accordance with GAAP), excluding gains (or
losses) from sales, plus real estate related depreciation and
amortization, and after adjustments for unconsolidated
partnerships and joint ventures. While FFO is a relevant and
widely used measure of operating performance for REITs, it
should not be considered as an alternative to net income
(determined in accordance with GAAP) as an indication of
financial performance, or to cash flows from operating
activities (determined in accordance with GAAP) as a measure of
our liquidity, nor is it indicative of funds available to fund
our cash needs, including our ability to make distributions.
Quantitative
and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
We may be exposed to interest rate changes. Market fluctuations
in real estate financing may affect the availability and cost of
funds needed to expand our investment portfolio. In addition,
restrictions upon the availability of real estate financing or
high interest rates for real estate loans could adversely affect
our ability
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to dispose of real estate in the future. We will seek to limit
the impact of interest rate changes on earnings and cash flows
and to lower our overall borrowing costs. We may use derivative
financial instruments to hedge exposures to changes in interest
rates on loans secured by our assets. Also, we will be exposed
to both credit risk and market risk. Credit risk is the failure
of the counterparty to perform under the terms of the derivative
contract. If the fair value of a derivative contract is
positive, the counterparty will owe us, which creates credit
risk for us. If the fair value of a derivative contract is
negative, we will owe the counterparty and, therefore, do not
have credit risk. We will seek to minimize the credit risk in
derivative instruments by entering into transactions with
high-quality counterparties. Market risk is the adverse effect
on the value of a financial instrument that results from a
change in interest rates. The market risk associated with
interest-rate contracts is managed by establishing and
monitoring parameters that limit the types and degree of market
risk that may be undertaken. With regard to variable rate
financing, our advisor will assess our interest rate cash flow
risk by continually identifying and monitoring changes in
interest rate exposures that may adversely impact expected
future cash flows and by evaluating hedging opportunities. Our
advisor will maintain risk management control systems to monitor
interest rate cash flow risk attributable to both our
outstanding and forecasted debt obligations as well as our
potential offsetting hedge positions. While this hedging
strategy will be designed to minimize the impact on our net
income and funds from operations from changes in interest rates,
the overall returns on your investment may be reduced. Our board
of directors has not yet established policies and procedures
regarding our use of derivative financial instruments for
hedging or other purposes.
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DESCRIPTION
OF CAPITAL STOCK
The following is a summary of the material terms of shares of
our common stock as set forth in our charter and is qualified in
its entirety by reference to our charter. Under our charter, we
have authority to issue a total of 1,100,000,000 shares of
capital stock. Of the total number of shares of capital stock
authorized, 999,999,000 shares are designated as common
stock with a par value of $0.01 per share, 1,000 shares are
designated as convertible stock with a par value of $0.01 per
share and 100,000,000 shares are designated as preferred
stock with a par value of $0.01 per share. Our board of
directors, with the approval of a majority of the entire board
of directors and without any action by our stockholders, may
amend our charter from time to time to increase or decrease the
aggregate number of shares of capital stock or the number of
shares of capital stock of any class or series that we have
authority to issue. As of June 8, 2010, 420,465 shares
of our common stock were issued and outstanding,
1,000 shares of our convertible stock were issued and
outstanding and no shares of preferred stock were issued and
outstanding.
Common
Stock
The holders of shares of our common stock are entitled to one
vote per share on all matters voted on by stockholders,
including the election of our directors. Our charter does not
provide for cumulative voting in the election of directors.
Therefore, the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares
of our common stock can elect our entire board of directors.
Subject to any preferential rights of any outstanding series of
preferred stock, the holders of shares of our common stock are
entitled to such distributions as may be authorized from time to
time by our board of directors out of legally available funds
and declared by us and, upon liquidation, are entitled to
receive all assets available for distribution to stockholders.
All shares of our common stock issued in the offering will be
fully paid and non-assessable shares of common stock. Holders of
shares of our common stock will not have preemptive rights,
which means that you will not have an automatic option to
purchase any new shares of common stock that we issue, or have
appraisal rights, unless our board of directors determines that
appraisal rights apply, with respect to all or any classes or
series of our common stock, to one or more transactions
occurring after the date of such determination in connection
with which stockholders would otherwise be entitled to exercise
such rights. Stockholders are not liable for our acts or
obligations.
Our board of directors has authorized the issuance of shares of
our capital stock without certificates; therefore, we will not
issue certificates for shares of our common stock. Shares of our
common stock will be held in uncertificated form
which will eliminate the physical handling and safekeeping
responsibilities inherent in owning transferable share
certificates and eliminate the need to return a duly executed
share certificate to effect a transfer. DST Systems, Inc. acts
as our registrar and as the transfer agent for shares of our
common stock. Transfers can be effected simply by mailing a
transfer and assignment form, which we will provide to you at no
charge,
to: .
DST Systems,
Inc.
333 West
11th
Street,
5th
Floor
Kansas City, Missouri 64105
Preferred
Stock
Our charter authorizes our board of directors to classify and
reclassify any unissued shares of our common stock and preferred
stock into other classes or series of stock. Prior to issuance
of shares of each class or series, our board of directors is
required by the MGCL and by our charter to set, subject to our
charter restrictions on transfer of our stock, the terms,
preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers,
restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other
distributions, qualifications and terms or conditions of
redemption for each class or series. Thus, our board of
directors could authorize the issuance of shares of common stock
or preferred stock with terms and conditions which could have
the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a transaction or
change in control that might involve a premium price for holders
of our common stock or otherwise be in their best interest. Our
board of directors has no present plans to issue preferred
stock, but may do so at any time in the future without
stockholder approval. The issuance of preferred stock must be
approved by a majority of our independent directors not
otherwise interested in the transaction, who will have access,
at our expense, to our legal counsel or to independent legal
counsel.
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Convertible
Stock
Our authorized capital stock includes 1,000 shares of
convertible stock, par value $0.01 per share. We have issued all
of such shares to our advisor. No additional consideration is
due upon the conversion of the convertible stock. There will be
no distributions paid on shares of convertible stock. The
conversion of the convertible stock into shares of common stock
will decrease the percentage of our shares of common stock owned
by persons purchasing shares in this offering. However, at no
time will the conversion of the convertible stock into shares of
common stock result in our advisor holding a majority of the
outstanding shares of our common stock.
Except in limited circumstances, shares of convertible stock
will not be entitled to vote on any matter, or to receive notice
of, or to participate in, any meeting of our stockholders at
which they are not entitled to vote. However, the affirmative
vote of the holders of more than two-thirds of the outstanding
shares of convertible stock will be required (1) for any
amendment, alteration or repeal of any provision of our charter
that materially and adversely changes the rights of the
convertible stock and (2) to effect a merger of our company
into another entity, or a merger of another entity into our
company, unless in each case each share of convertible stock
(A) will remain outstanding without a material and adverse
change to its terms and rights or (B) will be converted
into or exchanged for shares of stock or other ownership
interest of the surviving entity having rights identical to that
of our convertible stock.
Each outstanding share of our convertible stock will convert
into the number of shares of our common stock described below if:
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we have made total distributions on the then outstanding shares
of our common stock equal to the price paid for those shares
plus an 8.0% cumulative, non-compounded, annual return on the
price paid for those outstanding shares of common stock;
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we list our common stock for trading on a national securities
exchange; or
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our advisory agreement is terminated or not renewed (other than
for cause as defined in our advisory agreement).
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Upon the occurrence of any of the triggering events described
above, each share of convertible stock will be converted into a
number of shares of common stock equal to 1/1000 of the quotient
of (A) 10% of the amount, if any, by which (1) our
enterprise value (as determined in accordance with
the provisions of our charter and defined below) as of the date
of the event triggering the conversion plus the total
distributions paid to our stockholders through such date on the
then outstanding shares of our common stock exceeds (2) the
aggregate purchase price paid for those outstanding shares of
common stock plus an 8.0% cumulative,
non-compounded,
annual return on the price paid for those outstanding shares of
common stock, divided by (B) our enterprise value divided
by the number of outstanding shares of common stock on an
as-converted basis, in each case, as of the date of the event
triggering the conversion. In the case of a conversion upon a
listing, the number of shares to be issued will not be
determined until the 31st trading day after the date of the
listing. In the event of a termination or nonrenewal of our
advisory agreement for cause, the convertible stock will be
redeemed by us for $1.00. Cause is defined in our
advisory agreement to mean fraud, criminal conduct, misconduct
or negligent breach of fiduciary duty by our advisor or a
material breach of our advisory agreement by our advisor.
The conversion formula will result in the convertible stock
converting into a number of shares equal to approximately 10% of
our outstanding common stock if the conversion occurs after
stockholders have received at least the aggregate purchase price
paid for the outstanding shares of our common stock plus an 8.0%
cumulative,
non-compounded
annual return on the price paid for those outstanding shares. If
the triggering event is the result of a sale of the company, the
convertible stock will convert into a value equal to 10% of the
excess of the consideration paid for the company plus the total
distributions paid to our stockholders through such date over
the aggregate purchase price paid for the outstanding shares of
common stock plus an 8.0% cumulative,
non-compounded,
annual return on the price paid for those outstanding shares of
common stock. The example set forth below illustrates how the
conversion formula for our convertible stock would work based on
a set of purely hypothetical facts in which a triggering event
occurs prior to stockholders having received the aggregate
purchase price paid for the outstanding shares of our common
stock as of the date of
111
the triggering event. The example set forth below assumes the
following facts as of the date of the triggering event:
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A.
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We have sold shares in this offering and our private offering
with an aggregate gross offering price of $1 billion.
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B.
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An 8.0% cumulative, non-compounded, annual return on the
$1 billion of gross offering proceeds is equal to
$80 million.
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C.
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Our enterprise value is equal to $1.2 billion.
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D.
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We have paid an aggregate of $60 million in distributions
to stockholders.
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E.
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We have 101.5 million shares of common stock outstanding on
an as-converted basis.
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Step 1: Calculate the numerator of the conversion
equation, as follows:
Our enterprise value as of the date of the triggering event
($1.2 billion) plus total distributions paid to our
stockholders through the date of the triggering event
($60 million) on the then outstanding shares of our common
stock equals $1.26 billion.
minus
The aggregate gross offering price for the then outstanding
shares of our common stock ($1 billion) plus an 8.0%
cumulative, non-compounded, annual return on the price paid for
those outstanding shares ($80 million) equals
$1.08 billion.
equals
$180 million ($1.26 billion minus $1.08 billion).
10.0% of $180 million equals $18.0 million.
Step 2: Calculate the denominator of the
conversion equation, as follows:
Our enterprise value ($1.2 billion) divided by the number
of outstanding shares of our common stock on an as-converted
basis (101.5 million) as of the date of the triggering
event equals $11.8 per share.
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Step 3:
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Divide the numerator calculated in Step 1 by the denominator
calculated in Step 2, as follows:
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$18.0 million divided by $11.8 per share equals
1,525,424 shares.
Therefore, an aggregate of 1,525,424 shares of our common
stock (or approximately 1,525 shares of our common stock
per share of convertible stock) would be issuable to our advisor
upon the conversion of our convertible stock upon any of the
triggering events described above.
As used above and in our charter, enterprise value
as of a specific date means our actual value as a going concern
on the applicable date based on the difference between
(A) the actual value of all of our assets as determined in
good faith by our board of directors, including a majority of
the independent directors, and (B) all of our liabilities
as set forth on our balance sheet for the period ended
immediately prior to the determination date, provided that
(1) if such value is being determined in connection with a
change of control that establishes our net worth, then the value
shall be the net worth established thereby and (2) if such
value is being determined in connection with the listing of our
common stock for trading on a national securities exchange, then
the value shall be the number of outstanding shares of common
stock multiplied by the closing price of a single share of
common stock, averaged over a period of 30 trading days, as
mutually agreed upon by our board of directors, including a
majority of the independent directors and our advisor. If the
holders of shares of convertible stock disagree with the value
determined by our board of directors, then we and the holders of
the convertible stock shall name one appraiser each and those
two named appraisers shall promptly agree in good faith to the
appointment of a third appraiser whose determination of our
value shall be final and binding on the parties. The cost of
such appraisal will be shared evenly between us and the holder
of the convertible stock.
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Our charter provides that if we:
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reclassify or otherwise recapitalize our outstanding common
stock (except to change the par value, or to change from no par
value to par value, or to subdivide or otherwise split or
combine shares); or
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consolidate or merge with another entity in a transaction in
which we are either (1) not the surviving entity or
(2) the surviving entity but that results in a
reclassification or recapitalization of our common stock (except
to change the par value, or to change from no par value to par
value, or to subdivide or otherwise split or combine shares),
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then we or the successor or purchasing business entity must
provide that the holder of each share of our convertible stock
outstanding at the time one of the events triggering conversion
described above occurs will continue to have the right to
convert the convertible stock upon such a triggering event.
After one of the above transactions occurs, the convertible
stock will be convertible into the kind and amount of stock and
other securities and property received by the holders of common
stock in the transaction that occurred, such that upon
conversion, the holders of convertible stock will realize as
nearly as possible the same economic rights and effects as
described above in the description of the conversion of our
convertible stock. This right will apply to successive
reclassifications, recapitalizations, consolidations and mergers
until the convertible stock is converted.
Our board of directors will oversee the conversion of the
convertible stock to ensure that the number of shares of common
stock issuable in connection with the conversion is calculated
in accordance with the terms of our charter. Further, if in the
good faith judgment of our board of directors full conversion of
the convertible stock would cause a holder of our stock to
violate the limitations on the ownership and transfer of shares
of common stock which prohibit, among other things, (1) any
person or entity from owning or acquiring, directly or
indirectly, more than 9.8% of the value of our then outstanding
capital stock or more than 9.8% of the value or number of
shares, whichever is more restrictive, of our then outstanding
common stock or (2) any transfer of shares or other event
or transaction that would result in the beneficial ownership of
our outstanding shares of capital stock by fewer than
100 persons or would otherwise cause us to fail to qualify
as a REIT, then only such number of shares of convertible stock
(or fraction of a share thereof) will be converted into shares
of our common stock such that no holder of our stock would
violate such limitations, and the conversion of the remaining
shares of convertible stock will be deferred until the earliest
date after our board of directors determines that such
conversion will not violate such limitations. Any such deferral
will not otherwise alter the terms of the convertible stock.
Meetings,
Special Voting Requirements and Access To Records
An annual meeting of the stockholders will be held each year,
beginning in 2011, on a specific date and time set by our board
of directors. Special meetings of stockholders may be called
only upon the request of a majority of the directors, a majority
of the independent directors, the chairman, the chief executive
officer or the president and will be called by our secretary
upon the written request of stockholders entitled to cast at
least 10% of the votes entitled to be cast at the meeting. Upon
receipt of a written request of eligible stockholders, either in
person or by mail, stating the purpose of the meeting, we will
provide all stockholders, within ten days after receipt of such
request, with written notice either in person or by mail, of
such meeting and the purpose thereof. Such meeting will be held
on a date not less than 15 nor more than 60 days after the
distribution of such notice, at a time and place specified in
the request, or if none is specified, at a time and place
convenient to stockholders. The presence either in person or by
proxy of stockholders entitled to cast at least 50% of the votes
entitled to be cast at the meeting on any matter will constitute
a quorum. Generally, the affirmative vote of a majority of all
votes cast is necessary to take stockholder action, except as
provided in the following paragraph and except that a majority
of the votes represented in person or by proxy at a meeting at
which a quorum is present is required to elect a director.
Under the MGCL and our charter, stockholders are generally
entitled to vote at a duly held meeting at which a quorum is
present on (1) the amendment of our charter, (2) our
dissolution or (3) our merger or consolidation or the sale
or other disposition of all or substantially all of our assets.
These matters require the affirmative vote of stockholders
entitled to cast at least a majority of the votes entitled to be
cast on the matter.
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With respect to stock owned by our advisor, directors, or any of
their affiliates, neither the advisor nor such directors, nor
any of their affiliates may vote or consent on matters submitted
to stockholders regarding the removal of the advisor, such
directors or any of their affiliates or any transaction between
us and any of them. In determining the requisite percentage in
interest of shares necessary to approve a matter on which our
advisor, our directors or their affiliates may not vote or
consent, any shares owned by any of them shall not be included.
The advisory agreement, including the selection of our advisor,
is approved annually by our directors including a majority of
the independent directors. While the stockholders do not have
the ability to vote to replace our advisor or to select a new
advisor, stockholders do have the ability, by the affirmative
vote of a majority of the shares of our common stock entitled to
vote on such matter, to remove a director from our board of
directors. Any stockholder will be permitted access to all of
our records at all reasonable times and may inspect and copy any
of them for a reasonable copying charge. Inspection of our
records by the office or agency administering the securities
laws of a jurisdiction will be provided upon reasonable notice
and during normal business hours. An alphabetical list of the
names, addresses and telephone numbers of our stockholders,
along with the number of shares of our common stock held by each
of them, will be maintained as part of our books and records and
will be available for inspection by any stockholder or the
stockholders designated agent at our office. The
stockholder list will be updated at least quarterly to reflect
changes in the information contained therein. A copy of the list
will be mailed to any stockholder who requests the list within
ten days of the request. A stockholder may request a copy of the
stockholder list in connection with matters relating to voting
rights and the exercise of stockholder rights under federal
proxy laws. A stockholder requesting a list will be required to
pay the reasonable costs of postage and duplication. We have the
right to request that a requesting stockholder represent to us
that the list will not be used to pursue commercial interests.
In addition to the foregoing, stockholders have rights under
Rule 14a-7
under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the
Exchange Act, which provides that, upon the request of investors
and the payment of the expenses of the distribution, we are
required to distribute specific materials to stockholders in the
context of the solicitation of proxies for voting on matters
presented to stockholders or, at our option, provide requesting
stockholders with a copy of the list of stockholders so that the
requesting stockholders may make the distribution of proxies
themselves. If a proper request for the stockholder list is not
honored, then the requesting stockholder will be entitled to
recover certain costs incurred in compelling the production of
the list as well as actual damages suffered by reason of the
refusal or failure to produce the list. However, a stockholder
will not have the right to, and we may require a requesting
stockholder to represent that it will not, secure the
stockholder list or other information for the purpose of selling
or using the list for a commercial purpose not related to the
requesting stockholders interest in our affairs.
Tender
Offers
Our charter provides that any tender offer made by any person,
including any mini-tender offer, must comply with
most of the provisions of Regulation 14D of the Exchange
Act, including the notice and disclosure requirements. Among
other things, the offeror must provide us notice of such tender
offer at least ten business days before initiating the tender
offer. If the offeror does not comply with the provisions set
forth above, we will have the right to redeem that
offerors shares, if any, and any shares acquired in such
tender offer. In addition, the non-complying offeror will be
responsible for all of our expenses in connection with that
offerors noncompliance.
Restriction
on Ownership of Shares of Capital Stock
For us to qualify as a REIT, no more than 50% in value of the
outstanding shares of our stock may be owned, directly or
indirectly through the application of certain attribution rules
under the Internal Revenue Code, by any five or fewer
individuals, as defined in the Internal Revenue Code to include
specified entities, during the last half of any taxable year. In
addition, the outstanding shares of our stock must be owned by
100 or more persons independent of us and each other during at
least 335 days of a
12-month
taxable year or during a proportionate part of a shorter taxable
year, excluding our first taxable year for which we elect to be
taxed as a REIT. In addition, we must meet requirements
regarding the nature of our gross income to qualify as a REIT.
One of these requirements is that at least 75% of our gross
income for each calendar year must
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consist of rents from real property and income from other real
property investments. The rents received by our operating
partnership from any tenant will not qualify as rents from real
property, which could result in our loss of REIT status, if we
own, actually or constructively within the meaning of certain
provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, 10% or more of the
ownership interests in that tenant. To assist us in preserving
our status as a REIT, among other purposes, our charter contains
limitations on the ownership and transfer of shares of stock
which prohibit: (1) any person or entity from owning or
acquiring, directly or indirectly, more than 9.8% of the value
of our then outstanding capital stock or more than 9.8% of the
value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of our
then outstanding common stock and (2) any transfer of or
other event or transaction with respect to shares of capital
stock that would result in the beneficial ownership of our
outstanding shares of capital stock by fewer than
100 persons. In addition, our charter prohibits any
transfer of, or other event with respect to, shares of our
capital stock that (1) would result in us being
closely held within the meaning of
Section 856(h) of the Internal Revenue Code, (2) would
cause us to own, actually or constructively, 9.8% or more of the
ownership interests in a tenant of our real property or the real
property of our operating partnership or any direct or indirect
subsidiary of our operating partnership or (3) would
otherwise cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT.
Our charter provides that the shares of our capital stock that,
if transferred, would: (1) result in a violation of the
9.8% ownership limit; (2) result in us being closely
held within the meaning of Section 856(h) of the
Internal Revenue Code; (3) cause us to own 9.8% or more of
the ownership interests in a tenant of our real property or the
real property of our operating partnership or any direct or
indirect subsidiary of our operating partnership; or
(4) otherwise cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT, will
be transferred automatically to a trust effective on the day
before the purported transfer of such shares of our capital
stock. We will designate a trustee of the share trust that will
not be affiliated with us or the purported transferee or record
holder. We will also name a charitable organization as
beneficiary of the share trust. The trustee will receive all
distributions on the shares of our capital stock in the share
trust and will hold such distributions in trust for the benefit
of the beneficiary. The trustee also will vote the shares of
capital stock in the share trust. The intended transferee will
acquire no rights in such shares of capital stock, unless, in
the case of a transfer that would cause a violation of the 9.8%
ownership limit, the transfer is exempted (prospectively or
retroactively) by our board of directors from the ownership
limit based upon receipt of information (including certain
representations and undertakings from the intended transferee)
that such transfer would not violate the provisions of the
Internal Revenue Code for our qualification as a REIT. In
addition, our charter provides that any transfer of shares of
our capital stock that would result in shares of our capital
stock being owned by fewer than 100 persons will be null
and void and the intended transferee will acquire no rights in
such shares of our capital stock.
The trustee will transfer the shares of our capital stock to a
person whose ownership of shares of our capital stock will not
violate the ownership limits. The transfer will be made no
earlier than 20 days after the later of our receipt of
notice that shares of our capital stock have been transferred to
the trust or the date we determine that a purported transfer of
shares of stock has occurred. During this
20-day
period, we will have the option of redeeming such shares of our
capital stock. Upon any such transfer or redemption, the
purported transferee or holder will receive a per share price
equal to the lesser of (1) the price per share in the
transaction that resulted in the transfer of such shares to the
trust (or, in the case of a gift or devise, the price per share
on the date of redemption at the time of the gift or devise), or
(2) the price per share on the date of the redemption, in
the case of a purchase by us, or the price received by the
trustee net of any sales commission and expenses, in the case of
a sale by the trustee. The charitable beneficiary will receive
any excess amounts. In the case of our liquidation, holders of
such shares will receive a ratable amount of our remaining
assets available for distribution to shares of the applicable
class or series taking into account all shares of such class or
series. The trustee will distribute to the purported transferee
or holder an amount equal to the lesser of the amounts received
with respect to such shares or the price per share in the
transaction that resulted in the transfer of such shares to the
trust (or, in the case of a gift or devise, the price at the
time of the gift or devise) and will distribute any remaining
amounts to the charitable beneficiary.
Any person who acquires or attempts to acquire shares of our
capital stock in violation of the foregoing restrictions or who
owns shares of our capital stock that were transferred to any
such trust is required to give
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immediate written notice to us of such event, and any person who
purports to transfer or receive shares of our capital stock
subject to such limitations is required to give us 15 days
written notice prior to such purported transaction. In both
cases, such persons must provide to us such other information as
we may request to determine the effect, if any, of such event on
our status as a REIT. The foregoing restrictions will continue
to apply until our board of directors determines it is no longer
in our best interest to attempt to, or to continue to, qualify
as a REIT.
The ownership limits do not apply to a person or persons that
our board of directors exempts (prospectively or retroactively)
from the ownership limit upon appropriate assurances that our
qualification as a REIT is not jeopardized. Any person who owns
more than 5.0% (or such lower percentage applicable under
Treasury Regulations) of the outstanding shares of our capital
stock during any taxable year will be asked to deliver a
statement or affidavit setting forth the number of shares of our
capital stock beneficially owned.
Distributions
We intend to accrue distributions on a daily basis and make
distributions on a monthly basis beginning no later than the
first calendar month after the month in which we make our first
investment, and we expect to continue to make monthly
distribution payments following the end of each calendar month.
Once we commence paying distributions, we expect to continue
paying monthly distributions unless our results of operations,
our general financial condition, the general economic condition
or other factors prohibit us from doing so. The timing and
amount of distributions will be determined by our board of
directors in its discretion and may vary from time to time. In
connection with a distribution to our stockholders, our board of
directors will authorize a monthly distribution for a certain
dollar amount per share of our common stock. We will then
calculate each stockholders specific distribution amount
for the month using daily record and declaration dates. Each
stockholders distributions will begin to accrue on the
date we mail a confirmation of such stockholders
subscription for shares of our common stock to such stockholder,
subject to our acceptance of such stockholders
subscription.
We are required to make distributions sufficient to satisfy the
requirements for qualification as a REIT for federal income tax
purposes. Generally, income distributed will not be taxable to
us under the Internal Revenue Code if we distribute at least 90%
of our taxable income each year (computed without regard to the
distributions paid deduction and our net capital gain).
Distributions will be authorized at the discretion of our board
of directors, in accordance with our earnings, cash flow and
general financial condition. Our board of directors
discretion will be directed, in substantial part, by its
obligation to cause us to comply with the REIT requirements.
Because we may receive income from interest or rents at various
times during our fiscal year, distributions may not reflect our
income earned in that particular distribution period and may be
made in advance of actual receipt of funds in an attempt to make
distributions relatively uniform. We are authorized to borrow
money, use offering proceeds or sell assets to make
distributions. In addition, our sponsor and our advisor may
advance funds to us to pay distributions and our advisor may
defer its receipt of fees from us in order to enable us to pay
distributions. There are no restrictions on the ability of our
operating partnership to transfer funds to us.
We are not prohibited from distributing our own securities in
lieu of making cash distributions to stockholders, provided that
the securities distributed to stockholders are readily
marketable. The receipt of marketable securities in lieu of cash
distributions may cause stockholders to incur transaction
expenses in liquidating the securities. We do not have any
current intention to list our shares of common stock on a
national securities exchange, nor is it expected that a public
market for our shares of common stock will develop.
We can give no assurance that we will pay distributions solely
from our cash flow from operations in the future, especially
during the period when we are raising capital and have not yet
acquired a substantial portfolio of income-producing investments.
Our long-term policy will be to pay distributions from cash flow
from operations. However, we expect to have insufficient cash
flow from operations available for distribution until we make
substantial investments. Our organizational documents permit us
to pay distributions from any source, including loans, our
advisors advances and deferral of fees and expense
reimbursements and offering proceeds. We have not established a
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limit on the amount of proceeds we may use from this offering to
fund distributions. If we pay distributions from sources other
than cash flow from operations, we will have fewer funds
available for investments and your overall return on your
investment in us will be reduced.
In order to provide additional funds for us to pay
distributions, under certain circumstances our obligation to pay
all fees due to the advisor pursuant to the advisory agreement
will be deferred up to an aggregate amount of $5 million
during our offering stage. If, during any calendar quarter
during our offering stage, the distributions we pay exceed our
funds from operations (as defined by NAREIT), plus (1) any
acquisition expenses and acquisition fees expensed by us that
are related to any property, loan or other investment acquired
or expected to be acquired by us and (2) any non-operating,
non-cash charges incurred by us, such as impairments of property
or loans, any other than temporary impairments of marketable
securities, or other similar charges, for the quarter, which we
refer to as our adjusted funds from operations, the
payment of fees we are obligated to pay our advisor will be
deferred in an amount equal to the amount by which the
distributions paid to our stockholders for the quarter exceed
our adjusted funds from operations up to an amount equal to a
7.0% cumulative
non-compounded
annual return on stockholders invested capital, prorated
for such quarter. For a discussion of how we calculate funds
from operations, see Managements Discussion and
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations Funds From Operations. We are only
obligated to reimburse our advisor for these deferred fees if
and to the extent that our cumulative adjusted funds from
operations for the period beginning on the date of the
commencement of our private offering through the date of any
such reimbursement exceed the lesser of (1) the cumulative
amount of any distributions paid to our stockholders as of the
date of such reimbursement or (2) an amount that is equal
to a 7.0% cumulative, non-compounded, annual return on invested
capital for our stockholders for the period from the
commencement of this offering through the date of such
reimbursement. Our obligation to pay the deferred fees will
survive the termination of the advisory agreement and will
continue to be subject to the repayment conditions above. No
interest will accrue on the fees deferred by our advisor. The
amount of fees that may be deferred as described above is
limited to an aggregate of $5 million.
Distribution
Reinvestment Plan
Pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan, you may elect to
have the cash distributions you receive reinvested in shares of
our common stock at an initial price of $9.50 per share;
provided, however, that if we extend this offering beyond two
years from the date of its commencement, our board of directors
may, in its sole discretion, from time to time, change this
price based upon changes in our estimated net asset value per
share, the then current public offering price of shares of our
common stock and other factors that our board of directors deems
relevant. If we determine to change the price at which we offer
shares pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan, we do not
anticipate that we will do so more frequently than quarterly. A
copy of our distribution reinvestment plan is included as
Appendix C to this prospectus. You may elect to participate
in the distribution reinvestment plan by completing the
subscription agreement or the enrollment form or by other
written notice to the plan administrator. Participation in the
plan will begin with the next distribution made after acceptance
of your written notice. We may terminate the distribution
reinvestment plan for any reason at any time upon ten days
prior written notice to participants. Participation in the plan
may also be terminated with respect to any person to the extent
that a reinvestment of distributions in shares of our common
stock would cause the share ownership limitations contained in
our charter to be violated. Following any termination of our
distribution reinvestment plan, all subsequent distributions to
stockholders would be made in cash. No sales commissions or
dealer manager fees are payable on shares sold through our
distribution reinvestment plan.
Participants may acquire shares of our common stock pursuant to
our distribution reinvestment plan until the earliest date upon
which (1) all the common stock registered in this or future
offerings to be offered under our distribution reinvestment plan
is issued, (2) this offering and any future offering
pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan terminates, and
we elect to deregister with the SEC the unsold amount of our
common stock registered to be offered under our distribution
reinvestment plan or (3) there is more than a
de minimis amount of trading in shares of our common
stock, at which time any registered shares of our common stock
then available under our distribution reinvestment plan will be
sold at a price equal to the fair market value of the
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shares of our common stock, as determined by our board of
directors by reference to the applicable sales price with
respect to the most recent trades occurring on or prior to the
relevant distribution date. In any case, the price per share
will be equal to the then-prevailing market price, which will
equal the price on the national securities exchange on which
such shares of common stock are listed at the date of purchase.
Holders of limited partnership interests in our operating
partnership may also participate in the distribution
reinvestment plan and have cash otherwise distributable to them
by our operating partnership invested in our common stock at the
same price as shares of our common stock.
Stockholders who elect to participate in the distribution
reinvestment plan, and who are subject to United States federal
income taxation laws, will incur a tax liability on an amount
equal to the fair value on the relevant distribution date of the
shares of our common stock purchased with reinvested
distributions, even though such stockholders have elected not to
receive the distributions used to purchase those shares of
common stock in cash. Under present law, the United States
federal income tax treatment of that amount will be as described
with respect to distributions under Material
U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations Taxation
of Taxable U.S. Stockholders in the case of a taxable
U.S. stockholder (as defined therein) and as described
under Material U.S. Federal Income Tax
Considerations Special Tax Considerations for
Non-U.S. Stockholders
in the case of a
Non-U.S. Stockholder
(as defined therein). However, the tax consequences of
participating in our distribution reinvestment plan will vary
depending upon each participants particular circumstances,
and you are urged to consult your own tax advisor regarding the
specific tax consequences to you of participation in the
distribution reinvestment plan.
All material information regarding the distributions to
stockholders and the effect of reinvesting the distributions,
including tax consequences, will be provided to our stockholders
at least annually. Each stockholder participating in the
distribution reinvestment plan will have an opportunity to
withdraw from the plan at least annually after receiving this
information.
Share
Repurchase Plan
Our share repurchase plan may provide an opportunity for you to
have your shares of common stock repurchased by us, subject to
certain restrictions and limitations. No shares can be
repurchased under our share repurchase plan until after the
first anniversary of the date of purchase of such shares;
provided, however, that this holding period shall not apply to
repurchases requested within two years after the death or
disability of a stockholder. Prior to the completion of our
offering stage (as defined below), the purchase price for shares
repurchased under our share repurchase plan will be as follows:
|
|
|
|
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Repurchase Price on
|
Share Purchase Anniversary
|
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Repurchase
Date(1)
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Less than 1 year
|
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No Repurchase Allowed
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1 year
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92.5% of Primary Offering Price
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2 years
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95.0% of Primary Offering Price
|
3 years
|
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97.5% of Primary Offering Price
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4 years
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100.0% of Primary Offering Price
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In the event of a stockholders death or disability
|
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Average Issue Price For
Shares(2)
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
As adjusted for any stock dividends, combinations, splits,
recapitalizations and the like with respect to the shares of
common stock. |
|
(2) |
|
The purchase price for shares redeemed upon the death or
disability of a stockholder will be equal to the average issue
price per share for all of the stockholders shares. |
The purchase price per share for shares repurchased pursuant to
our share repurchase plan will be further reduced by the
aggregate amount of net proceeds per share, if any, distributed
to our stockholders prior to the repurchase date as a result of
the sale of one or more of our assets that constitutes a return
of capital distribution as a result of such sales.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, following the completion of our
offering stage, shares of our common stock will be repurchased
at a price equal to a price based upon our most recently
established estimated net
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asset value per share, which we will publicly disclose every six
months beginning no later than six months following the
completion of our offering stage based on periodic valuations by
independent third party appraisers and qualified independent
valuation experts selected by our advisor. We will consider our
offering stage complete on the first date that we are no longer
publicly offering equity securities that are not listed on a
national securities exchange, whether through this offering or
follow-on public equity offerings, provided we have not filed a
registration statement for a follow-on public equity offering as
of such date (for purposes of this definition, we do not
consider public equity offerings to include
offerings on behalf of selling stockholders or offerings related
to a distribution reinvestment plan, employee benefit plan or
the redemption of interests in our operating partnership).
Repurchases of shares of our common stock will be made quarterly
upon written request to us at least 15 days prior to the
end of the applicable quarter. Repurchase requests will be
honored approximately 30 days following the end of the
applicable quarter, which we refer to as the repurchase date.
The current offering price of shares of our common stock used to
calculate the purchase price per share for shares repurchased
prior to the completion of our offering stage will be the
offering price as of the repurchase date. Stockholders may
withdraw their repurchase request at any time up to three
business days prior to the repurchase date.
We cannot guarantee that the funds set aside for the share
repurchase plan will be sufficient to accommodate all repurchase
requests made in any quarter. In the event that we do not have
sufficient funds available to repurchase all of the shares of
our common stock for which repurchase requests have been
submitted in any quarter, priority will be given to redemption
requests in the case of the death or disability of a
stockholder. If we repurchase less than all of the shares
subject to a repurchase request in any quarter, with respect to
any shares which have not been repurchased, you can
(1) withdraw your request for repurchase or (2) ask
that we honor your request in a future quarter, if any, when
such repurchases can be made pursuant to the limitations of the
share repurchase plan and when sufficient funds are available.
Such pending requests will be honored among all requests for
redemptions in any given redemption period as follows: first,
pro rata as to redemptions sought upon a stockholders
death or disability; and, next, pro rata as to other redemption
requests.
We are not obligated to repurchase shares of our common stock
under the share repurchase plan. We presently intend to limit
the number of shares to be repurchased in any calendar year to
(1) 5% of the weighted average number of shares of our
common stock outstanding during the prior calendar year and
(2) those that could be funded from the net proceeds from
the sale of shares under the distribution reinvestment plan in
the prior calendar year plus such additional funds as may be
reserved for that purpose by our board of directors. There is no
fee in connection with a repurchase of shares of our common
stock.
The aggregate amount of repurchases under our share repurchase
plan is not expected to exceed the aggregate proceeds received
from the sale of shares pursuant to our distribution
reinvestment plan. However, to the extent that the aggregate
proceeds received from the sale of shares pursuant to our
distribution reinvestment plan are not sufficient to fund
repurchase requests pursuant to the 5% limitation outlined
above, our board of directors may, in its sole discretion,
choose to use other sources of funds to repurchase shares of our
common stock. Such sources of funds could include cash on hand,
cash available from borrowings and cash from liquidations of
securities investments as of the end of the applicable month, to
the extent that such funds are not otherwise dedicated to a
particular use, such as working capital, cash distributions to
stockholders or purchases of real estate assets. The number of
shares of our common stock that we may repurchase will be
limited by the funds available from purchases pursuant to our
distribution reinvestment plan, cash on hand, cash available
from borrowings and cash from liquidations of securities
investments as of the end of applicable quarter.
In addition, our board of directors may, in its sole discretion,
amend, suspend, or terminate the share repurchase plan at any
time upon 30 days notice to our stockholders if it
determines that the funds available to fund the share repurchase
plan are needed for other business or operational purposes or
that amendment, suspension or termination of the share
repurchase plan is in the best interest of our stockholders.
Therefore, you may not have the opportunity to make a repurchase
request prior to any potential termination of our share
repurchase plan.
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Business
Combinations
Under the MGCL, business combinations between a Maryland
corporation and an interested stockholder or the interested
stockholders affiliate are prohibited for five years after
the most recent date on which the stockholder becomes an
interested stockholder. For this purpose, the term
business combinations includes mergers,
consolidations, share exchanges or, in circumstances specified
in the MGCL, asset transfers and issuances or reclassifications
of equity securities. An interested stockholder is
defined for this purpose as: (1) any person who
beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting power of the
corporations outstanding voting stock; or (2) an
affiliate or associate of the corporation who, at any time
within the two-year period prior to the date in question, was
the beneficial owner of 10% or more of the voting power of the
then outstanding stock of the corporation. A person is not an
interested stockholder under the MGCL if the board of directors
approved in advance the transaction by which he or she otherwise
would become an interested stockholder. However, in approving
the transaction, the board of directors may provide that its
approval is subject to compliance, at or after the time of
approval, with any terms and conditions determined by the board
of directors.
After the five-year prohibition, any business combination
between the corporation and an interested stockholder generally
must be recommended by the board of directors of the corporation
and approved by the affirmative vote of at least: (1) 80%
of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of outstanding
shares of voting stock of the corporation and
(2) two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by holders
of voting stock of the corporation other than shares of stock
held by the interested stockholder or its affiliate with whom
the business combination is to be effected, or held by an
affiliate or associate of the interested stockholder, voting
together as a single voting group.
These super majority vote requirements do not apply if the
corporations common stockholders receive a minimum price,
as defined under the MGCL, for their shares of common stock in
the form of cash or other consideration in the same form as
previously paid by the interested stockholder for its shares of
common stock.
None of these provisions of the MGCL will apply, however, to
business combinations that are approved or exempted by the board
of directors of the corporation prior to the time that the
interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder.
Pursuant to the business combination statute, our board of
directors has exempted any business combination involving us and
any person. Consequently, the five-year prohibition and the
super majority vote requirements will not apply to business
combinations between us and any person. As a result, any person
may be able to enter into business combinations with us that may
not be in the best interest of our stockholders, without
compliance with the super majority vote requirements and other
provisions of the statute.
Should our board of directors opt into the business combination
statute in the future, it may discourage others from trying to
acquire control of us and increase the difficulty of
consummating any offer.
Business
Combination with Our Advisor
Many REITs that are listed on a national securities exchange or
included for quotation on an
over-the-counter
market are considered self-administered, which means that they
employ persons or agents to perform all significant management
functions. The costs to perform these management functions are
internalized, rather than external, and no third
party fees, such as advisory fees, are paid by the REIT. We will
consider becoming a self-administered REIT once our assets and
income are, in our board of directors view, of sufficient
size such that internalizing some or all of the management
functions performed by our advisor is in our best interests and
in the best interests of our stockholders.
If our board of directors should make this determination in the
future and seeks to pursue internalizing our management
functions through a business combination with our advisor, our
board of directors will form a special committee comprised
entirely of our independent directors to consider a possible
business combination with our advisor. Our board of directors
will, subject to applicable law, delegate all of its decision
making power and authority to the special committee with respect
to these matters, including the power and authority
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to retain its own financial advisors and legal counsel to, among
other things, negotiate with representatives of our advisor
regarding a possible business combination. In any event, before
we can complete any business combination with our advisor, the
following three conditions must be satisfied:
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the special committee receives an opinion from a qualified
investment banking firm, concluding that the consideration to be
paid to acquire our advisor is fair to our stockholders from a
financial point of view;
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our board of directors determines that such business combination
is advisable and in our best interests and in the best interests
of our stockholders; and
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such business combination is approved by our stockholders
entitled to vote thereon in accordance with our charter and
bylaws.
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Notwithstanding the foregoing, unless and until definitive
documentation is executed, we will not be obligated to complete
a business combination with our advisor.
Control
Share Acquisitions
The MGCL provides that control shares of a Maryland corporation
acquired in a control share acquisition have no voting rights
except to the extent approved by a vote of two-thirds of the
votes entitled to be cast on the matter. Shares of common stock
owned by the acquirer, by officers or by employees who are
directors of the corporation are not entitled to vote on the
matter. Control shares are voting shares of stock
which, if aggregated with all other shares of stock owned by the
acquirer or with respect to which the acquirer has the right to
vote or to direct the voting of, other than solely by virtue of
a revocable proxy, would entitle the acquirer to exercise voting
power in electing directors within one of the following ranges
of voting powers:
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one-tenth or more but less than one-third;
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one-third or more but less than a majority; or
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a majority or more of all voting power.
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Control shares do not include shares of stock the acquiring
person is then entitled to vote as a result of having previously
obtained stockholder approval. Except as otherwise specified in
the statute, a control share acquisition means the
acquisition of control shares. Once a person who has made or
proposes to make a control share acquisition has undertaken to
pay expenses and has satisfied other required conditions, the
person may compel the board of directors to call a special
meeting of stockholders to be held within 50 days of demand
to consider the voting rights of the shares of stock. If no
request for a meeting is made, the corporation may itself
present the question at any stockholders meeting. If voting
rights are not approved for the control shares at the meeting or
if the acquiring person does not deliver an acquiring
person statement for the control shares as required by the
statute, the corporation may redeem any or all of the control
shares for their fair value, except for control shares for which
voting rights have previously been approved. Fair value is to be
determined for this purpose without regard to the absence of
voting rights for the control shares, and is to be determined as
of the date of the last control share acquisition or of any
meeting of stockholders at which the voting rights for control
shares are considered and not approved.
If voting rights for control shares are approved at a
stockholders meeting and the acquirer becomes entitled to
vote a majority of the shares of stock entitled to vote, all
other stockholders may exercise appraisal rights. The fair value
of the shares of stock as determined for purposes of these
appraisal rights may not be less than the highest price per
share paid in the control share acquisition. Some of the
limitations and restrictions otherwise applicable to the
exercise of dissenters rights do not apply in the context
of a control share acquisition.
The control share acquisition statute does not apply to shares
of stock acquired in a merger or consolidation or on a stock
exchange if the corporation is a party to the transaction or to
acquisitions approved or exempted by the charter or bylaws of
the corporation. As permitted by the MGCL, we have provided in
our
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bylaws that the control share provisions of the MGCL will not
apply to any acquisition by any person of shares of our stock,
but our board of directors retains the discretion to opt into
these provisions in the future.
Advance
Notice of Director Nominations and New Business
Our bylaws provide that with respect to an annual meeting of
stockholders, nominations of individuals for election to our
board of directors and the proposal of business to be considered
by stockholder may be made only (1) pursuant to our notice
of the meeting, (2) by or at the direction of our board of
directors or (3) by a stockholder who is a stockholder of
record both at the time of giving the advance notice required by
our bylaws and at the time of the meeting, who is entitled to
vote at the meeting and who has complied with the advance notice
procedures of our bylaws. With respect to special meetings of
stockholders, only the business specified in our notice of the
meeting may be brought before the meeting. Nominations of
individuals for election to our board of directors at a special
meeting may be made only (1) by or at the direction of our
board of directors or (2) provided that the special meeting
has been called in accordance with our bylaws for the purpose of
electing directors, by a stockholder who is a stockholder of
record both at the time of giving the advance notice required by
our bylaws and at the time of the meeting, who is entitled to
vote at the meeting and who has complied with the advance notice
provisions of our bylaws.
Subtitle
8
Subtitle 8 of Title 3 of the MGCL, or Subtitle 8, permits a
Maryland corporation with a class of equity securities
registered under the Exchange Act and at least three independent
directors to elect to be subject, by provision in its charter or
bylaws or a resolution of its board of directors and
notwithstanding any contrary provision in its charter or bylaws,
to any or all of five provisions:
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a classified board of directors;
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a two-thirds vote requirement for removing a director;
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a requirement that the number of directors be fixed only by vote
of the directors;
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a requirement that vacancies on the board of directors be filled
only by the remaining directors and for the remainder of the
full term of the class of directors in which the vacancy
occurred; and
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a majority requirement for the calling of a special meeting of
stockholders.
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We have elected to provide that, at such time as we are eligible
to make a Subtitle 8 election, vacancies on our board of
directors may be filled only by the remaining directors and for
the remainder of the full term of the directorship in which the
vacancy occurred. Through provisions in our charter and bylaws
unrelated to Subtitle 8, we vest in our board of directors the
exclusive power to fix the number of directorships. We have not
elected to be subject to the other provisions of Subtitle 8.
Restrictions
on Roll-Up
Transactions
In connection with a proposed
roll-up
transaction, which, in general terms, is any transaction
involving our acquisition, merger, conversion or consolidation,
directly or indirectly, and the issuance of securities of an
entity that would be created or would survive after the
successful completion of the
roll-up
transaction, we will obtain an appraisal of all of our
properties from an independent expert. In order to qualify as an
independent expert for this purpose, the person or entity must
have no material current or prior business or personal
relationship with our advisor or directors and must be engaged
to a substantial extent in the business of rendering opinions
regarding the value of assets of the type held by us. Our
properties will be appraised on a consistent basis, and the
appraisal will be based on the evaluation of all relevant
information and will indicate the value of our properties as of
a date immediately prior to the announcement of the proposed
roll-up
transaction. If the appraisal will be included in a prospectus
used to offer the securities of an entity that would be created
or would survive after the successful completion of a roll-up
transaction, the appraisal will be filed with the SEC and, if
applicable, the states in which registration of such securities
is sought, as an exhibit to the registration statement for the
offering. The appraisal will assume an orderly liquidation of
properties over a
12-month
period. The terms of the engagement of such independent expert
will clearly state that the
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engagement is for our benefit and the benefit of our
stockholders. We will include a summary of the independent
appraisal, indicating all material assumptions underlying the
appraisal, in a report to the stockholders in connection with a
proposed
roll-up
transaction.
In connection with a proposed
roll-up
transaction, the person sponsoring the
roll-up
transaction must offer to common stockholders who vote against
the proposal a choice of:
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accepting the securities of the entity that would be created or
would survive after the successful completion of the
roll-up
transaction offered in the proposed
roll-up
transaction; or
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one of the following:
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remaining stockholders and preserving their interests in us on
the same terms and conditions as existed previously; or
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receiving cash in an amount equal to their pro rata share of the
appraised value of our net assets.
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We are prohibited from participating in any proposed
roll-up
transaction:
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which would result in common stockholders having voting rights
in the entity that would be created or would survive after the
successful completion of the
roll-up
transaction that are less than those provided in our charter,
including rights with respect to the election and removal of
directors, annual and special meetings, amendment of the charter
and our dissolution;
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which includes provisions that would operate as a material
impediment to, or frustration of, the accumulation of shares by
any purchaser of the securities of the entity that would be
created or would survive after the successful completion of the
roll-up
transaction, except to the minimum extent necessary to preserve
the tax status of such entity, or which would limit the ability
of an investor to exercise the voting rights of its securities
of the entity that would be created or would survive after the
successful completion of the
roll-up
transaction on the basis of the number of shares held by that
investor;
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in which our common stockholders rights to access of
records of the entity that would be created or would survive
after the successful completion of the
roll-up
transaction will be less than those provided in our charter and
described in Meetings, Special Voting
Requirements and Access To Records above; or
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in which we would bear any of the costs of the
roll-up
transaction if our common stockholders reject the
roll-up
transaction.
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Reports
to Stockholders
Our charter requires that we prepare an annual report and
deliver it to our stockholders within 120 days after the
end of each fiscal year. Among the matters that must be included
in the annual report are:
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financial statements that are prepared in accordance with GAAP
and are audited by our independent registered public accounting
firm;
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the ratio of the costs of raising capital during the year to the
capital raised;
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the aggregate amount of investment management fees and the
aggregate amount of other fees paid to our advisor and any
affiliate of our advisor by us or third parties doing business
with us during the year;
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our total operating expenses for the year, stated as a
percentage of our average invested assets and as a percentage of
our net income;
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a report from the independent directors that our policies are in
the best interests of our stockholders and the basis for such
determination; and
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separately stated, full disclosure of all material terms,
factors and circumstances surrounding any and all transactions
involving us and our advisor, a director or any affiliate
thereof during the year. Our independent directors are
specifically charged with a duty to examine and comment in the
report on the fairness of any such transactions.
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Under the Securities Act, we must update this prospectus upon
the occurrence of certain events, such as material property
acquisitions. We will file updated prospectuses and prospectus
supplements with the SEC. We are also subject to the
informational reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, and
accordingly, we will file annual reports, quarterly reports,
proxy statements and other information with the SEC. In
addition, we will provide you directly with periodic updates,
including prospectuses, prospectus supplements and annual and
quarterly reports.
Subject to availability, you may authorize us to provide such
periodic updates, electronically by so indicating on your
subscription agreement, or by sending us instructions in writing
in a form acceptable to us to receive such periodic updates
electronically. Unless you elect in writing to receive such
periodic updates electronically, all documents will be provided
in paper form by mail. You must have internet access to use
electronic delivery. While we impose no additional charge for
this service, there may be potential costs associated with
electronic delivery, such as on-line charges. The periodic
updates will be available on our website. You may access and
print all periodic updates provided through this service. As
periodic updates become available, we will notify you of this by
sending you an
e-mail
message that will include instructions on how to retrieve the
periodic updates. If our
e-mail
notification is returned to us as undeliverable, we
will contact you to obtain your updated
e-mail
address. If we are unable to obtain a valid
e-mail
address for you, we will resume sending a paper copy by regular
U.S. mail to your address of record. You may revoke your
consent for electronic delivery at any time and we will resume
sending you a paper copy of all periodic updates. You will have
the option to unsubscribe from the election of
electronic delivery of documents on our website. In addition,
every electronic communication sent by us will include a website
link that will direct you to the website page where such changes
to the election to receive electronic delivery of documents can
be made. However, in order for us to be properly notified, your
revocation must be given to us within a reasonable time before
electronic delivery has commenced. We will provide you with
paper copies at any time upon request. Such request will not
constitute revocation of your consent to receive periodic
updates electronically.
In addition to providing information mandated by our charter and
the Securities Act and Exchange Act as set forth above, we
intend to post on our website at www.SteadfastREITs.com,
and file with the SEC, certain monthly operational data each
month with respect to each real property in our portfolio. This
information may include occupancy levels, average rental rates
and data regarding property-level competition. We believe that
posting this additional operational data will benefit investors
by consistently providing current information and greater
transparency with respect to the performance of our investments.
Estimated
Net Asset Value Per Share
In addition to the information described under
Reports to Stockholders above, we will
publicly disclose an estimated net asset value per share of our
common stock every six months beginning no later than six months
following the completion of our offering stage (as defined
below). Our estimated net asset value per share will be
determined by our board of directors based upon periodic
valuations of all of our assets by independent third party
appraisers and qualified independent valuation experts selected
by our advisor. At the beginning of each calendar year following
the completion of our offering stage, our advisor will develop a
staggered valuation plan with the objective of having
approximately 25% of all of our real estate properties, by
value, valued each quarter by independent appraisers. The
valuation plan will be updated quarterly as necessary such that
each real estate property will be valued by an independent
appraiser at least once during every calendar year. Our real
estate related assets will be valued quarterly by qualified
independent valuation experts, except in the case of liquid
securities, which will be valued quarterly by our advisor based
on publicly available information or information provided by
third party pricing vendors. We will consider our offering stage
complete on the first date that we are no longer publicly
offering equity securities that are not listed on a national
securities exchange, whether through this offering or follow-on
public equity offerings, provided we have not filed a
registration statement for a follow-on public equity offering as
of such date (for purposes of this definition, we do not
consider public equity
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offerings to include offerings on behalf of selling
stockholders or offerings related to a distribution reinvestment
plan, employee benefit plan or the redemption of interests in
our operating partnership). Our estimated net asset value per
share may not be indicative of the price our stockholders would
receive if they sold our shares in an arms-length transaction,
if our shares were actively traded or if we were liquidated. In
addition, the proceeds received from a liquidation of our assets
may be substantially less than the offering price of our shares
because certain fees and costs associated with this offering may
be added to our estimated net asset value per share in
connection with changing the offering price of our shares.
If we extend this offering beyond two years from the date of its
commencement, our board of directors may, in its sole
discretion, from time to time, change the price at which we
offer shares to the public in the primary offering or pursuant
to our distribution reinvestment plan based upon changes in our
estimated net asset value per share, as calculated by our
advisor, and other factors that our board of directors deems
relevant. See Plan of Distribution Offering
Price. In the event that we revise the offering price in
the primary offering or pursuant to our distribution
reinvestment plan, we will disclose the factors considered by
our board of directors in determining such revised offering
price in a supplement to this prospectus. The factors considered
by our board of directors in determining to revise the offering
price may include, in addition to changes in our net asset
value, our historical and anticipated results of operations and
financial condition, our current and anticipated distribution
payments, yields and offering prices of other real estate
companies we deem to be substantially similar to us, our current
and anticipated capital and debt structure, the recommendations
and assessment of our prospective investments made by our
advisor and the expected execution of our investment and
operating strategies. In connection with revising the offering
price, we will disclose the various factors considered by our
board of directors in making such determination and the general
trends or circumstances relating to the factors considered by
our board of directors in making their determination.
Liquidity
Events
In the future, our board of directors will consider alternatives
for providing liquidity to our stockholders, each of which is
referred to as a liquidity event, including the sale
of our assets, a sale or merger of our company or a listing of
our shares on a national securities exchange. In making the
decision regarding which type of liquidity event to pursue, our
board of directors will try to determine which available
alternative method would result in the greatest value for our
stockholders. Our board of directors has determined that it will
evaluate whether to pursue a possible liquidity event no later
than January 1, 2015. If we have not determined to pursue a
liquidity event by December 31, 2016, our charter requires
that we either (1) seek stockholder approval of our
liquidation or (2) postpone presenting the liquidation
decision to our stockholders if a majority of our board of
directors, including a majority of the independent directors,
determines that liquidation is not then in the best interests of
our stockholders. If a majority of our board of directors,
including a majority of the independent directors, determines
that liquidation is not then in the best interests of our
stockholders, our charter requires our board of directors to
reconsider whether to seek stockholder approval of our
liquidation at least annually. Further postponement of a
liquidity event or stockholder action regarding liquidation
would only be permitted if a majority of our board of directors,
including a majority of the independent directors, again
determined that liquidation would not be in the best interests
of our stockholders. If we sought and failed to obtain
stockholder approval of our liquidation, our charter would not
require us to consummate our liquidation and would not require
our board of directors to reconsider whether to seek stockholder
approval of our liquidation, and we could continue to operate as
before. If, however, we sought and obtained stockholder approval
of a liquidation, we would begin an orderly sale of our assets.
The precise timing of such sales would take account of the
prevailing real estate finance markets and the debt markets
generally, the liquidity needs of our stockholders and the
federal income tax consequences to our stockholders.
In assessing whether to list our shares on a national securities
exchange or pursue another type of liquidity event, our board of
directors would likely solicit input from financial advisors as
to the likely demand for our shares upon listing. If our board
of directors believed that it would be difficult for
stockholders to dispose of their shares if our shares were
listed, then that factor would weigh against listing
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our shares. However, this would not be the only factor
considered by our board of directors. If listing our shares
still appeared to be in the best long-term interest of our
stockholders, despite the prospects of a relatively small market
for our shares upon the initial listing, our board of directors
may still opt to pursue listing our shares in keeping with its
obligations under Maryland law. Our board of directors would
also likely consider whether there was a significant demand
among our stockholders to sell their shares when making
decisions regarding whether to pursue listing our shares or
another type of liquidity event. The degree of participation in
our distribution reinvestment plan and the number of requests
for repurchases under our share repurchase plan at the time
could be an indicator of stockholder demand to sell their shares.
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OUR
OPERATING PARTNERSHIP
General
Our operating partnership was formed on July 6, 2009 to
acquire and hold investments on our behalf. We utilize an UPREIT
structure generally to enable us to acquire real property in
exchange for limited partnership interests in our operating
partnership from owners who desire to defer taxable gain that
would otherwise normally be recognized by them upon the
disposition of their real property or transfer of their real
property to us in exchange for shares of our common stock or
cash. In such a transaction, the property owners goals are
accomplished because the owner may contribute property to our
operating partnership in exchange for limited partnership
interests on a tax-free basis. These owners may also desire to
achieve diversity in their investment and other benefits
afforded to owners of shares of common stock in a REIT.
We intend to hold substantially all of our assets in our
operating partnership or in subsidiary entities in which our
operating partnership owns an interest, and we may make future
acquisitions of real properties using the UPREIT structure.
Further, our operating partnership is structured to make
distributions with respect to limited partnership interests
which are equivalent to the distributions made to our
stockholders. Finally, a holder of limited partnership interests
in our operating partnership may later exchange his limited
partnership interests for shares of our common stock in a
taxable transaction. For purposes of satisfying the asset and
income tests for qualification as a REIT for federal income tax
purposes, the REITs proportionate share of the assets and
income of our operating partnership will be deemed to be assets
and income of the REIT.
We are the sole general partner of our operating partnership.
Our advisor is currently the only limited partner of our
operating partnership. For its limited partnership interests in
our operating partnership, our advisor has contributed $1,000 to
our operating partnership. As the sole general partner of our
operating partnership, we have the exclusive power to manage and
conduct the business of our operating partnership.
If we ever decide to acquire properties in exchange for limited
partnership interests in our operating partnership, we expect to
amend and restate the limited partnership agreement of our
operating partnership, or the operating partnership agreement,
to provide for redemption rights to the holders of limited
partnership interests substantially as set forth under
Redemption Rights below.
The following is a summary of certain provisions of the
operating partnership agreement. This summary is qualified by
the specific language in the operating partnership agreement.
For more detail, you should refer to the actual operating
partnership agreement, a copy of which we have filed as an
exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus
forms a part.
Capital
Contributions
As we accept subscriptions for shares of our common stock, we
will transfer substantially all of the net offering proceeds to
our operating partnership in exchange for limited partnership
interests. However, we will be deemed to have made capital
contributions in the amount of the gross offering proceeds
received from investors, and our operating partnership will be
deemed to have simultaneously paid the fees, commissions and
other costs associated with the offering.
If our operating partnership requires additional funds at any
time in excess of capital contributions made by us and our
advisor, we may borrow funds from a financial institution or
other lender and lend such funds to our operating partnership on
the same terms and conditions as are applicable to our borrowing
of such funds. In addition, we are authorized to cause our
operating partnership to issue limited partnership interests for
less than fair market value if we conclude in good faith that
such issuance is in the best interest of our operating
partnership and us.
Operations
The operating partnership agreement requires that our operating
partnership be operated in a manner that will enable us to
(1) satisfy the requirements for being classified as a REIT
for federal income tax purposes, unless we otherwise cease to
qualify as a REIT, (2) avoid any federal income or excise
tax liability and
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(3) ensure that our operating partnership will not be
classified as a publicly traded partnership for
purposes of Section 7704 of the Internal Revenue Code,
which classification could result in our operating partnership
being taxed as a corporation, rather than as a partnership.
Distributions
and Allocations of Profits and Losses
The operating partnership agreement generally provides that our
operating partnership will distribute cash flow from operations
and, except as provided below, net sales proceeds from the
disposition of assets, to the partners of our operating
partnership in accordance with their relative percentage
interests, on a monthly basis (or, at our election, more
frequently), in amounts determined by us as general partner such
that a holder of one limited partnership interest will generally
receive the same amount of annual cash flow distributions from
our operating partnership as the amount of annual distributions
paid to the holder of one share of our common stock (before
taking into account certain tax withholdings some states may
require with respect to the limited partnership interests).
Similarly, the operating partnership agreement provides that
income of our operating partnership from operations and, except
as provided below, income of our operating partnership from
disposition of assets, normally will be allocated to the holders
of limited partnership interests in accordance with their
relative percentage interests, subject to compliance with the
provisions of Sections 704(b) and 704(c) of the Internal
Revenue Code and corresponding Treasury Regulations. Losses, if
any, will generally be allocated among the partners in
accordance with their respective percentage interests in our
operating partnership. Upon the liquidation of our operating
partnership, after payment of debts and obligations, any
remaining assets of our operating partnership will be
distributed in accordance with the distribution provisions of
the operating partnership agreement to the extent of each
partners positive capital account balance. If we were to
have a negative balance in our capital account following our
liquidation, we would be obligated to contribute cash to our
operating partnership equal to such negative balance for
distribution to other partners, if any, having positive balances
in their capital accounts.
In addition to the administrative and operating costs and
expenses incurred by our operating partnership in acquiring and
operating our real properties and real estate-related assets,
our operating partnership will pay all our administrative costs
and expenses and such expenses will be treated as expenses of
our operating partnership. Such expenses will include, but not
be limited to, all:
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expenses relating to the formation and continuity of our
existence;
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expenses relating to our public offering and registration of
securities;
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expenses associated with the preparation and filing of any
periodic reports by us under federal, state or local laws or
regulations;
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expenses associated with compliance by us with applicable laws,
rules and regulations; and
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other operating or administrative costs incurred in the ordinary
course of our business on behalf of our operating partnership.
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Redemption Rights
If we decide to acquire properties in exchange for limited
partnership interests in our operating partnership, we expect to
amend and restate the limited partnership agreement of our
operating partnership to provide holders of limited partnership
interests with customary redemption rights. We expect the
limited partners of our operating partnership would have the
right to cause our operating partnership to redeem all or a
portion of their limited partnership interests for, at our sole
discretion, cash equal to the value of an equivalent number of
our shares of common stock, shares of our common stock or a
combination of both. If we elect to redeem limited partnership
interests for cash, the cash delivered will generally equal the
amount the limited partner would have received if its limited
partnership interests were redeemed for shares of our common
stock and then such shares were subsequently repurchased
pursuant to our share repurchase plan.
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Limited partners, however, would not be able to exercise this
redemption right if and to the extent that the delivery of our
shares upon such exercise would:
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result in any person owning shares in excess of the ownership
limit in our charter (unless exempted by our board of directors);
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result in our shares being owned by fewer than 100 persons;
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result in our shares being closely held within the
meaning of Section 856(h) of the Internal Revenue
Code; or
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cause us to own 9.8% or more of the ownership interests in a
tenant of our real property or the real property of our
operating partnership or any direct or indirect subsidiary of
our operating partnership within the meaning of
Section 856(d)(2)(B) of the Internal Revenue Code.
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Furthermore, limited partners could exercise their redemption
rights only after their limited partnership interests had been
outstanding for one year. A limited partner could not deliver
more than two redemption notices each calendar year and would
not be able to exercise a redemption right for less than $1,000
in limited partnership interests, unless such limited partner
held less than $1,000 in limited partnership interests. In that
case, he or she would be required to exercise his or her
redemption right for all of his or her limited partnership
interests.
Change in
General Partner
We will generally not be able to withdraw as the general partner
of our operating partnership or transfer our general partnership
interest in our operating partnership (unless we transfer our
interest to a wholly owned subsidiary). If we voluntarily seek
protection under bankruptcy or state insolvency laws, or if we
are involuntarily placed under such protection for more than
90 days, we will be deemed to be automatically removed as
the general partner. Otherwise, the limited partners will not
have the right to remove us as general partner.
Transferability
of Interests
With certain exceptions, the limited partners will not be able
to transfer their interests in our operating partnership, in
whole or in part, without our written consent as the general
partner.
Amendment
of Operating Partnership Agreement
Amendments to the amended and restated operating partnership
agreement will require the consent of the holders of a majority
of the limited partnership interests including the limited
partnership interests we and our affiliates held. Additionally,
we, as general partner, will be required to approve any
amendment to the amended and restated operating partnership
agreement. Certain amendments to the amended and restated
operating partnership agreement will have to be approved by a
majority of the limited partnership interests held by third
party limited partners.
129
STOCK
OWNERSHIP
The following table sets forth the beneficial ownership of our
common stock as of June 8, 2010 for each person or group
that holds more than 5% of our common stock, for each director
and executive officer and for our directors and executive
officers as a group. To our knowledge, each person that
beneficially owns our shares has sole voting and disposition
power with regard to such shares.
Unless otherwise indicated below, each person or entity has an
address in care of our principal executive offices at 18100 Von
Karman Avenue, Suite 500, Irvine, California 92612.
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Number of
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Shares
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Beneficially
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Percent of
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Name of Beneficial Owner(1)
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Owned
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All Shares
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Steadfast REIT Investments, LLC(2)
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22,223
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5.3
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%
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Rodney F. Emery(2)
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22,223
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5.3
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Dinesh Davar
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Ana Marie del Rio
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Scot B. Barker
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7,046
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1.7
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Larry H. Dale
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5,000
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1.2
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Jeffrey J. Brown
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5,000
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1.2
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Dutch-Anglo
Trading LP(3)
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101,075
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24.0
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Kerri McSween Dorsett(4)
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21,277
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5.1
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Smith Charitable Legacy Trust(5)
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21,277
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5.1
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All Directors and Executive Officers as a Group (seven persons)
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39,269
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8.0
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%
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(1) |
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Under SEC rules, a person is deemed to be a beneficial
owner of a security if that person has or shares
voting power, which includes the power to dispose of
or to direct the disposition of such security. A person also is
deemed to be a beneficial owner of any securities which that
person has a right to acquire within 60 days. Under these
rules, more than one person may be deemed to be a beneficial
owner of the same securities and a person may be deemed to be a
beneficial owner of securities as to which he or she has no
economic or pecuniary interest. |
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(2) |
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Steadfast REIT Investments, LLC is indirectly owned and
controlled by Mr. Emery. |
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(3) |
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Dutch-Anglo Trading LP is indirectly controlled by
Mr. Alastain Oldfield. The address for Mr. Oldfield is
c/o Dutch-Anglo Trading LP, 16561 Carousel Lane, Huntington
Beach, California 92649. |
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(4) |
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The address for Ms. Dorsett is 7260 Tangleglen Drive, Dallas,
Texas 75248. |
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(5) |
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The trustee of the Smith Charitable Legacy Trust is
Ms. Gladys M. Smith. The address for Ms. Smith is
c/o Smith
Charitable Legacy Trust, 328 Harsin Lane, Santa Maria,
California 93455. |
130
MATERIAL
U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS
General
The following is a summary of certain material federal income
tax consequences relating to our qualification and taxation as a
REIT and the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our
common stock that you, as a stockholder, may consider relevant.
Because this section is a general summary, it does not address
all of the potential tax issues that may be relevant to you in
light of your particular circumstances. This summary is based on
the Internal Revenue Code; current, temporary and proposed
Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder; current
administrative interpretations and practices of the Internal
Revenue Service, or the IRS; and judicial decisions now in
effect, all of which are subject to change (possibly with
retroactive effect) or to different interpretations.
We have not requested, and do not plan to request, any rulings
from the IRS concerning the tax treatment with respect to
matters contained in this discussion, and the statements in this
prospectus are not binding on the IRS or any court. Thus, we can
provide no assurance that the tax considerations contained in
this summary will not be challenged by the IRS or will be
sustained by a court if challenged by the IRS.
This summary of certain federal income tax consequences applies
to you if you acquire and hold our common stock as a
capital asset (generally, property held for
investment within the meaning of Section 1221 of the
Internal Revenue Code). This summary does not consider all of
the rules which may affect the U.S. tax treatment of your
investment in our common stock in light of your particular
circumstances. For example, except to the extent discussed under
the headings Taxation of Holders of Our Common
Stock Taxation of Tax-Exempt Shareholders and
Taxation of Holders of Our Common
Stock Taxation of
Non-U.S. Shareholders,
special rules not discussed here may apply to you if you are:
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a broker-dealer or a dealer in securities or currencies;
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an S corporation;
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a partnership or other pass-through entity;
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a bank, thrift or other financial institution;
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a regulated investment company or a REIT;
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an insurance company;
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a tax-exempt organization;
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subject to the alternative minimum tax provisions of the
Internal Revenue Code;
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holding our common stock as part of a hedge, straddle,
conversion, integrated or other risk reduction or constructive
sale transaction;
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holding our common stock through a partnership or other
pass-through entity;
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a
non-U.S. corporation
or partnership, and a person who is not a resident or citizen of
the United States;
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a U.S. person whose functional currency is not
the U.S. dollar; or
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a U.S. expatriate.
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If a partnership, including any entity that is treated as a
partnership for federal income tax purposes, holds our common
stock, the federal income tax treatment of the partner in the
partnership will generally depend on the status of the partner
and the activities of the partnership. If you are a partner in a
partnership that will hold our common stock, you should consult
your tax advisor regarding the federal income tax consequences
of acquiring, holding and disposing of our common stock by the
partnership.
This summary does not discuss any alternative minimum tax
considerations or any state, local or foreign tax considerations.
131
This summary of certain material federal income tax
consideration is for general information purposes only and is
not tax advice. You are advised to consult your tax adviser
regarding the federal, state, local and foreign tax consequences
of the purchase, ownership and disposition of our common
stock.
Taxation
of Steadfast Income REIT, Inc.
We intend to elect to be taxed as a REIT commencing with our
taxable year ending December 31, 2010. We believe that we have
been organized and expect to operate in such a manner as to
qualify for taxation as a REIT.
REIT
Qualification
We intend to elect to be taxable as a REIT commencing with our
taxable year ending December 31, 2010. This section of the
prospectus discusses the laws governing the tax treatment of a
REIT and its stockholders. These laws are highly technical and
complex.
In connection with this offering, Alston & Bird LLP
will deliver an opinion to us that, commencing with our taxable
year ending December 31, 2010, we will be organized in
conformity with the requirements for qualification as a REIT
under the Internal Revenue Code and our proposed method of
operation will enable us to meet the requirements for
qualification and taxation as a REIT.
It must be emphasized that the opinion of Alston &
Bird LLP is based on various assumptions relating to our
organization and operation and is conditioned upon
representations and covenants made by us regarding our
organization, assets and the past, present and future conduct of
our business operations. While we intend to operate so that we
will qualify as a REIT, given the highly complex nature of the
rules governing REITs, the ongoing importance of factual
determinations and the possibility of future changes in our
circumstances, no assurance can be given by Alston &
Bird LLP or by us that we will so qualify for any particular
year. Alston & Bird LLP will have no obligation to
advise us or the holders of our common stock of any subsequent
change in the matters stated, represented or assumed in the
opinion or of any subsequent change in the applicable law. You
should be aware that opinions of counsel are not binding on the
Internal Revenue Service or any court, and no assurance can be
given that the Internal Revenue Service will not challenge the
conclusions set forth in such opinions.
Qualification and taxation as a REIT depends on our ability to
meet on a continuing basis, through actual operating results,
distribution levels and diversity of share ownership, various
qualification requirements imposed upon REITs by the Internal
Revenue Code, the compliance with which will not be reviewed by
Alston & Bird LLP. Our ability to qualify as a REIT
also requires that we satisfy certain asset tests, some of which
depend upon the fair market values of assets directly or
indirectly owned by us. Such values may not be susceptible to a
precise determination. While we intend to continue to operate in
a manner that will allow us to qualify as a REIT, no assurance
can be given that the actual results of our operations for any
taxable year satisfy such requirements for qualification and
taxation as a REIT.
Taxation
of REITs in General
As indicated above, qualification and taxation as a REIT depends
upon our ability to meet, on a continuing basis, various
qualification requirements imposed upon REITs by the Internal
Revenue Code. The material qualification requirements are
summarized below under Requirements for
Qualification-General. While we intend to operate so that
we qualify as a REIT, no assurance can be given that the IRS
will not challenge our qualification or that we will be able to
operate in accordance with the REIT requirements in the future.
See Failure to Qualify below.
Provided that we qualify as a REIT, we generally will not be
subject to federal income tax on our REIT taxable income that is
distributed to our stockholders. This treatment substantially
eliminates the double taxation at the corporate and
stockholder levels that have historically resulted from
investment in a
132
corporation. Rather, income generated by a REIT generally is
taxed only at the stockholder level upon a distribution of
dividends by the REIT.
The Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003 (the
2003 Act) and subsequent legislation generally
lowered the rate at which stockholders taxed as individuals are
taxed on corporate dividends, from a maximum of 38.6% under
prior law to a maximum of 15% (the same as long-term capital
gains), for the 2003 through 2010 tax years, thereby
substantially reducing, though not completely eliminating, the
double taxation that have historically applied to corporate
dividends. With limited exceptions, however, dividends received
by stockholders from us or from other entities that are taxed as
REITs will continue to be taxed at rates applicable to ordinary
income, which, pursuant to the 2003 Act, will be as high as 35%
through 2010.
Net operating losses, foreign tax credits and other tax
attributes of a REIT generally do not pass through to the
stockholders of the REIT, subject to special rules for certain
items such as capital gains recognized by REITs.
If we qualify as a REIT, we will nonetheless be subject to
federal tax in the following circumstances:
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We will be taxed at regular corporate rates on any taxable
income, including undistributed net capital gains, that we do
not distribute to stockholders during, or within a specified
time period after, the calendar year in which the income is
earned;
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We may be subject to the alternative minimum tax on
our items of tax preference, including any deductions of net
operating losses;
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If we have net income from prohibited transactions, which are,
in general, sales or other dispositions of property held
primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of
business, other than foreclosure property, such income will be
subject to a 100% tax. See Prohibited
Transactions and Foreclosure
Property below;
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If we elect to treat property that we acquire in connection with
a foreclosure of a mortgage loan or certain leasehold
terminations as foreclosure property, we may thereby
avoid the 100% tax on gain from a resale of that property (if
the sale would otherwise constitute a prohibited transaction),
but the income from the sale or operation of the property may be
subject to corporate income tax at the highest applicable rate
(currently 35%);
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If we fail to satisfy the 75% gross income test or the 95% gross
income test, as discussed below, but nonetheless maintain our
intended qualification as a REIT because other requirements are
met, we will be subject to a 100% tax on an amount based upon
the magnitude of the failure, adjusted to reflect the
profitability of such gross income;
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In the event of a failure of the asset tests (other than certain
de minimis failures), as described below under
Asset Tests, as long as the failure was
due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect, we dispose
of the assets or otherwise comply with such asset tests within
six months after the last day of the quarter in which we
identify such failure and we file a schedule with the IRS
describing the assets that caused such failure, we will pay a
tax equal to the greater of $50,000 or 35% of the net income
from the nonqualifying assets during the period in which we
failed to satisfy such asset tests;
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In the event of a failure to satisfy one or more requirements
for REIT qualification, other than the gross income tests and
the asset tests, we will be required to pay a penalty of $50,000
for each such failure;
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If we fail to distribute during each calendar year at least the
sum of (a) 85% of our REIT ordinary income for such year,
(b) 95% of our REIT capital gain net income for such year
and (c) any undistributed taxable income from prior
periods, we will be subject to a 4% excise tax on the excess of
the required distribution over the sum of (1) the amounts
actually distributed, plus (2) retained amounts on which
income tax is paid at the corporate level;
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We may be required to pay monetary penalties to the IRS in
certain circumstances, including if we fail to meet
record-keeping requirements intended to monitor our compliance
with rules relating to the
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133
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composition of a REITs stockholders, as described below in
Requirements for Qualification-General;
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A 100% tax may be imposed on certain items of income and expense
that are directly or constructively paid between a REIT and a
taxable REIT subsidiary (as described below) if and to the
extent that the IRS successfully adjusts the reported amounts of
these items to conform to an arms length pricing standard;
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If we acquire appreciated assets from a corporation that is not
a REIT (i.e., a corporation taxable under subchapter C of the
Internal Revenue Code) in a transaction in which the adjusted
tax basis of the assets in its hands is determined by reference
to the adjusted tax basis of the assets in the hands of the
subchapter C corporation, we will be subject to tax at the
highest corporate income tax rate then applicable if we
subsequently recognize the built-in gain on a disposition of any
such assets during the
10-year
period following the acquisition from the subchapter C
corporation, unless the subchapter C corporation elects to treat
the transfer of the assets to the REIT as a deemed sale;
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The earnings of our lower-tier entities that are subchapter C
corporations, if any, including domestic taxable REIT
subsidiaries, are subject to federal corporate income
tax; or
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If we own a residual interest in a real estate mortgage
investment conduit, or REMIC, we will be taxable at the highest
corporate rate on the portion of any excess inclusion income
that we derive from the REMIC residual interests equal to the
percentage of our stock that is held in record name by
disqualified organizations. Although the law is
unclear, recently issued IRS guidance indicates that similar
rules may apply to a REIT that owns an equity interest in a
taxable mortgage pool. To the extent that we own a REMIC
residual interest or a taxable mortgage pool through a taxable
REIT subsidiary, we will not be subject to this tax. For a
discussion of excess inclusion income, see
Taxable Mortgage Pools. A
disqualified organization includes:
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the United States;
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any state or political subdivision of the United States;
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any foreign government;
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any international organization;
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any agency or instrumentality of any of the foregoing;
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any other tax-exempt organization, other than a farmers
cooperative described in section 521 of the Internal
Revenue Code, that is exempt both from income taxation and from
taxation under the unrelated business taxable income provisions
of the Internal Revenue Code; and
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any rural electrical or telephone cooperative.
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We do not currently intend to hold REMIC residual interests or
interests in taxable mortgage pools.
In addition, we and our subsidiaries may be subject to a variety
of taxes, including payroll taxes and state, local, and foreign
income, property and other taxes on assets and operations. We
could also be subject to tax in situations and on transactions
not presently contemplated.
Requirements
for Qualification General
The Internal Revenue Code defines a REIT as a corporation, trust
or association:
(1) that is managed by one or more trustees or directors;
(2) the beneficial ownership of which is evidenced by
transferable shares or by transferable certificates of
beneficial interest;
(3) which would be taxable as a domestic corporation but
for the special Internal Revenue Code provisions applicable to
REITs;
134
(4) that is neither a financial institution nor an
insurance company subject to specific provisions of the Internal
Revenue Code;
(5) the beneficial ownership of which is held by 100 or
more persons;
(6) in which, during the last half of each taxable year,
not more than 50% in value of the outstanding stock is owned,
directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals
(as defined in the Internal Revenue Code to include specified
entities); and
(7) which meets other tests described below regarding the
nature of its income and assets, its distributions, and certain
other matters.
The Internal Revenue Code provides that conditions
(1) through (4) must be met during the entire taxable
year, and that condition (5) must be met during at least
335 days of a taxable year of 12 months, or during a
proportionate part of a shorter taxable year. Our charter
provides restrictions regarding the ownership and transfer of
our shares, which are intended to assist us in satisfying the
share ownership requirements described in conditions
(5) and (6) above. For purposes of condition (6), an
individual generally includes a supplemental
unemployment compensation benefit plan, a private foundation, or
a portion of a trust permanently set aside or used exclusively
for charitable purposes, but does not include a qualified
pension plan or profit sharing trust. We are not required to
satisfy conditions (5) and (6) for the first taxable
year in which we elect to be taxed as a REIT.
To monitor compliance with the share ownership requirements, we
generally are required to maintain records regarding the actual
ownership of our shares. To do so, we must demand written
statements each year from the record holders of significant
percentages of our stock in which the record holders are to
disclose the actual owners of the shares (i.e., the persons
required to include in gross income the dividends paid by us). A
list of those persons failing or refusing to comply with this
demand must be maintained as part of our records. Failure to
comply with these record keeping requirements could subject us
to monetary penalties. If we satisfy these requirements and have
no reason to know that condition (6) is not satisfied, we
will be deemed to have satisfied such condition. A stockholder
that fails or refuses to comply with the demand is required by
Treasury regulations to submit a statement with its tax return
disclosing the actual ownership of the shares and other
information.
In addition, a corporation generally may not elect to become a
REIT unless its taxable year is the calendar year. We satisfy
this requirement.
The Internal Revenue Code provides relief from violations of the
REIT gross income requirements, as described below under
Income Tests, in cases where a violation
is due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect, and other
requirements are met, including the payment of a penalty tax
that is based upon the magnitude of the violation. In addition,
similar relief is available in the case of certain violations of
the REIT asset requirements (see Asset
Tests below) and other REIT requirements, again provided
that the violation is due to reasonable cause and not willful
neglect, and other conditions are met, including the payment of
a penalty tax. If we were to fail to satisfy any of the various
REIT requirements, there can be no assurance that these relief
provisions would be available to enable us to maintain our
qualification as a REIT. Even if such relief provisions were
available, the amount of any resultant penalty tax could be
substantial.
Effect
of Subsidiary Entities
Ownership of Partnership Interests. In the
case of a REIT that is a partner in a partnership, the REIT is
deemed to own its proportionate share of the partnerships
assets, and to earn its proportionate share of the
partnerships income, for purposes of the asset and gross
income tests applicable to REITs. In addition, the assets and
gross income of the partnership are deemed to retain the same
character in the hands of the REIT. Thus, our proportionate
share of the assets and items of income of partnerships in which
we own an equity interest (including our interest in our
operating partnership) are treated as our assets and items of
income for purposes of applying the REIT requirements. Our
proportionate share is generally determined, for these purposes,
based upon our percentage interest in the partnerships
equity capital; however, for purposes of the 10% value-based
asset test described below, the percentage interest also takes
into account certain debt
135
securities issued by the partnership and held by us.
Consequently, to the extent that we directly or indirectly hold
a preferred or other equity interest in a partnership, the
partnerships assets and operations may affect our ability
to qualify as a REIT, even if we have no control, or only
limited influence, over the partnership. A summary of certain
rules governing the federal income taxation of partnerships and
their partners is provided below in Tax
Aspects of Investments in Partnerships.
Disregarded Subsidiaries. If a REIT owns a
corporate subsidiary that is a qualified REIT
subsidiary, that subsidiary is disregarded for federal
income tax purposes, and all assets, liabilities and items of
income, deduction and credit of the subsidiary are treated as
assets, liabilities and items of income, deduction and credit of
the REIT itself, including for purposes of the gross income and
asset tests applicable to REITs. A qualified REIT subsidiary is
any corporation, other than a taxable REIT
subsidiary as described below, that is wholly owned by a
REIT, or by other disregarded subsidiaries, or by a combination
of the two. Other entities that are wholly owned by us,
including single member limited liability companies, are also
generally disregarded as separate entities for federal income
tax purposes, including for purposes of the REIT income and
asset tests. Disregarded subsidiaries, along with partnerships
in which we hold an equity interest, are sometimes referred to
as pass-through subsidiaries.
In the event that one of our disregarded subsidiaries ceases to
be wholly owned for example, if any equity interest
in the subsidiary is acquired by a person other than us, or
another of our disregarded subsidiaries the
subsidiarys separate existence would no longer be
disregarded for federal income tax purposes. Instead, it would
have multiple owners and would be treated as either a
partnership or a taxable corporation. Such an event could,
depending on the circumstances, adversely affect our ability to
satisfy the various asset and gross income requirements
applicable to REITs, including the requirement that REITs
generally may not own, directly or indirectly, more than 10% of
the securities of another corporation. See
Asset Tests and Income
Tests.
Taxable Subsidiaries. A REIT may jointly elect
with a subsidiary corporation, whether or not wholly-owned, to
treat the subsidiary corporation as a taxable REIT subsidiary,
or TRS. The separate existence of a TRS or other taxable
corporation, unlike a disregarded subsidiary as discussed above,
is not ignored for federal income tax purposes. A TRS may be
subject to corporate income tax on its earnings, which may
reduce the cash flow generated by us and our subsidiaries in the
aggregate and our ability to make distributions to our
stockholders.
A REIT is not treated as holding the assets of a taxable
subsidiary corporation or as receiving any income that the
subsidiary earns. Rather, the stock issued by the subsidiary is
an asset in the hands of the parent REIT, and the REIT
recognizes as income the dividends, if any, that it receives
from the subsidiary. This treatment can affect the income and
asset test calculations that apply to the REIT. Because a parent
REIT does not include the assets and income of such subsidiary
corporations in determining the parents compliance with
the REIT requirements, such entities may be used by the parent
REIT to undertake indirectly activities that the REIT rules
might otherwise preclude it from doing directly or through
pass-through subsidiaries (for example, activities that give
rise to certain categories of income such as management fees).
Income
Tests
We must satisfy two gross income requirements annually. First,
at least 75% of our gross income for each taxable year,
excluding gross income from sales of inventory or dealer
property in prohibited transactions, must be derived
from investments relating to real property or mortgages on real
property, including rents from real property;
dividends received from other REITs; interest income derived
from mortgage loans secured by real property; income derived
from a REMIC in proportion to the select real estate equity
investments held by the REMIC, unless at least 95% of the
REMICs assets are select real estate equity investments,
in which case all of the income derived from the REMIC; certain
income from qualified temporary investments; and gains from the
sale of select real estate equity investments, as well as income
from some kinds of temporary investments. Second, at least 95%
of our gross income in each taxable year, excluding gross income
from prohibited transactions, must be derived from some
combination of income that qualifies under the 75% income test
described above, as well as other dividends, interest, and gain
from the
136
sale or disposition of stock or securities, which need not have
any relation to real property. Gross income from our sale of
property that we hold primarily for sale to customers in the
ordinary course of business is excluded from both the numerator
and the denominator in both income tests. In addition, income
and gain from hedging transactions, as defined in
Hedging Transactions, that we enter into
to hedge indebtedness incurred or to be incurred to acquire or
carry select real estate equity investments or to hedge certain
foreign currency risks and that are clearly and timely
identified as such will be excluded from both the numerator and
the denominator for purposes of the 75% and 95% gross income
tests.
Rents received by us will qualify as rents from real
property in satisfying the gross income requirements
described above only if several conditions are met, including
the following. The amount of rent received from a customer must
not be based in whole or in part on the income or profits of any
person; however, an amount received or accrued generally will
not be excluded from the term rents from real
property solely by reason of being based on a fixed
percentage or percentages of gross receipts or sales. If rent is
partly attributable to personal property leased in connection
with a lease of real property, the portion of the total rent
that is attributable to the personal property will not qualify
as rents from real property unless it constitutes
15% or less of the total rent received under the lease.
Moreover, for rents received to qualify as rents from real
property, the REIT generally must not operate or manage
the property or furnish or render services to the tenants of
such property, other than through an independent
contractor from which the REIT derives no revenue. We and
our affiliates are permitted, however, to perform services that
are usually or customarily rendered in connection
with the rental of space for occupancy only and are not
otherwise considered rendered to the occupant of the property.
In addition, we and our affiliates may directly or indirectly
provide non-customary services to tenants of properties without
disqualifying all of the rent from the property if the payment
for such services does not exceed 1% of the total gross income
from the property. For this purpose, the amount received by the
REIT for such service is deemed to be at least 150% of the
REITs direct cost of providing the service. To the extent
a TRS provides such non-customary services to our tenants, we
must pay the TRS at least 150% of the direct cost of providing
the services to qualify for a safe harbor from certain penalty
taxes on non-arms length transactions between a REIT and a
TRS. Also, rental income will qualify as rents from real
property only to the extent that we do not directly or
constructively hold a 10% or greater interest, as measured by
vote or value, in the lessees equity.
Interest income constitutes qualifying mortgage interest for
purposes of the 75% gross income test (as described above) to
the extent that the obligation is secured by a mortgage on real
property. If we receive interest income with respect to a
mortgage loan that is secured by both real property and other
property, and the highest principal amount of the loan
outstanding during a taxable year exceeds the fair market value
of the real property on the date that we have a binding
commitment to acquire or originate the mortgage loan, the
interest income will be apportioned between the real property
and the other collateral, and its income from the arrangement
will qualify for purposes of the 75% gross income test only to
the extent that the interest is allocable to the real property.
Even if a loan is not secured by real property or is
undersecured, the income that it generates may nonetheless
qualify for purposes of the 95% gross income test.
To the extent that the terms of a loan provide for contingent
interest that is based on the cash proceeds realized upon the
sale of the property securing the loan (a shared
appreciation provision), income attributable to the
participation feature will be treated as gain from sale of the
underlying property, which generally will be qualifying income
for purposes of both the 75% and 95% gross income tests provided
that the property is not inventory or dealer property in the
hands of the borrower or the REIT.
To the extent that a REIT derives interest income from a
mortgage loan or income from the rental of real property where
all or a portion of the amount of interest or rental income
payable is contingent, such income generally will qualify for
purposes of the gross income tests only if it is based upon the
gross receipts or sales, and not the net income or profits, of
the borrower or lessee. This limitation does not apply, however,
where the borrower or lessee leases substantially all of its
interest in the property to tenants or subtenants, to the extent
that the rental income derived by the borrower or lessee, as the
case may be, would qualify as rents from real property had it
been earned directly by a REIT.
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We may hold mezzanine loans, which are loans secured by equity
interests in an entity that directly or indirectly owns real
property, rather than by a direct mortgage of the real property.
IRS Revenue Procedure
2003-65
provides a safe harbor pursuant to which a mezzanine loan, if it
meets each of the requirements contained in the Revenue
Procedure, will be treated by the IRS as a real estate asset for
purposes of the REIT asset tests described below, and interest
derived from it will be treated as qualifying mortgage interest
for purposes of the 75% gross income test. Although the Revenue
Procedure provides a safe harbor on which taxpayers may rely, it
does not prescribe rules of substantive tax law. Our mezzanine
loans might not meet all of the requirements for reliance on
this safe harbor. We will invest in mezzanine loans in a manner
that will enable us to continue to satisfy the REIT gross income
and asset tests.
We may receive distributions from TRSs or other corporations
that are not REITs. These distributions will be classified as
dividend income to the extent of the earnings and profits of the
distributing corporation. Such distributions will generally
constitute qualifying income for purposes of the 95% gross
income test but not the 75% gross income test. Any dividends we
received from a REIT will be qualifying income for purposes of
both the 75% and 95% gross income tests.
We may receive various fees in connection with our operations.
The fees will be qualifying income for purposes of both the 75%
and 95% gross income tests if they are received in consideration
for entering into an agreement to make a loan secured by real
property and the fees are not determined by the borrowers
income and profits. Other fees are not qualifying income for
purposes of either gross income test.
Any income or gain we derive from instruments that hedge certain
risks, such as the risk of changes in interest rates with
respect to debt incurred to acquire or carry real estate assets
or certain foreign currency risks, will not be treated as income
for purposes of calculating the 75% or 95% gross income test,
provided that specified requirements are met. Such requirements
include the instrument is properly identified as a hedge, along
with the risk that it hedges, within prescribed time periods.
Prior to the making of investments in real properties, we may
invest the net offering proceeds in liquid assets such as
government securities or certificates of deposit. For purposes
of the 75% gross income test, income attributable to a stock or
debt instrument purchased with the proceeds received by a REIT
in exchange for stock in the REIT (other than amounts received
pursuant to a distribution reinvestment plan) constitutes
qualified temporary investment income if such income is received
or accrued during the one-year period beginning on the date the
REIT receives such new capital. To the extent that we hold any
proceeds of the offering for longer than one year, we may invest
those amounts in less liquid investments such as certain
mortgage-backed securities, maturing mortgage loans purchased
from mortgage lenders or shares of common stock in other REITs
to satisfy the 75% and 95% gross income tests and the asset
tests described below.
If we fail to satisfy one or both of the 75% or 95% gross income
tests for any taxable year, we may still qualify as a REIT for
the year if we are entitled to relief under applicable
provisions of the Internal Revenue Code. These relief provisions
will be generally available if our failure to meet these tests
was due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect, we
attach to our tax return a schedule of the sources of our
income, and any incorrect information on the schedule was not
due to fraud with intent to evade tax. It is not possible to
state whether we would be entitled to the benefit of these
relief provisions in all circumstances. If these relief
provisions are inapplicable, we will not qualify as a REIT. As
discussed above under Taxation of REITs in
General, even where these relief provisions apply, a tax
would be imposed upon the amount by which we fail to satisfy the
particular gross income test, adjusted to reflect the
profitability of such gross income.
Asset
Tests
At the close of each calendar quarter, we must satisfy four
tests relating to the nature of our assets. First, at least 75%
of the value of our total assets must be represented by some
combination of real estate assets, cash, cash items
and U.S. government securities. For this purpose, real
estate assets include interests in real property, such as land,
buildings, leasehold interests in real property, stock of other
corporations that qualify as REITs, certain kinds of
mortgage-backed securities and mortgage loans and, under some
circumstances, stock
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or debt instruments purchased with new capital. Assets that do
not qualify for purposes of the 75% asset test are subject to
the additional asset tests described below.
Second, the value of any one issuers securities owned by
us may not exceed 5% of the value of our total assets. Third, we
may not own more than 10% of any one issuers outstanding
securities, as measured by either voting power or value. The 5%
and 10% asset tests do not apply to securities of TRSs, and the
10% value test does not apply to straight debt and
certain other securities, as described below. Fourth, the
aggregate value of all securities of TRSs held by a REIT may not
exceed 25% of the value of the REITs total assets.
Notwithstanding the general rule that a REIT is treated as
owning its share of the underlying assets of a subsidiary
partnership for purposes of the REIT income and asset tests, if
a REIT holds indebtedness issued by a partnership, the
indebtedness will be subject to, and may cause a violation of,
the asset tests, unless it is a qualifying mortgage asset or
otherwise satisfies the rules for straight debt or
one of the other exceptions to the 10% value test.
A REIT which fails one or more of the asset requirements may
nevertheless maintain its REIT qualification (other than a de
minimis failure described below), if (a) it provides
the IRS with a description of each asset causing the failure,
(b) the failure is due to reasonable cause and not willful
neglect, (c) the REIT pays a tax equal to the greater of
(i) $50,000 per failure, and (ii) the product of the
net income generated by the assets that caused the failure
multiplied by the highest applicable corporate tax rate
(currently 35%), and (d) the REIT either disposes of the
assets causing the failure within six months after the last day
of the quarter in which it identifies the failure, or otherwise
satisfies the relevant asset tests within that time frame. A
second relief provision applies to de minimis violations
of the 10% and 5% asset tests. A REIT may maintain its
qualification despite a violation of such requirements if
(a) the value of the assets causing the violation does not
exceed the lesser of 1% of the REITs total assets or
$10,000,000, and (b) the REIT either disposes of the assets
causing the failure within six months after the last day of the
quarter in which it identifies the failure or the relevant tests
are otherwise satisfied within that time frame.
Certain securities will not cause a violation of the 10% value
test described above. Such securities include instruments that
constitute straight debt, which now has an expanded
definition, and includes securities having certain contingency
features. A security does not qualify as straight
debt where a REIT (or a controlled TRS of the REIT) owns
other securities of the issuer of that security which do not
qualify as straight debt, unless the value of those other
securities constitute, in the aggregate, 1% or less of the total
value of that issuers outstanding securities. In addition
to straight debt, the following securities will not violate the
10% value test: (a) any loan made to an individual or an
estate, (b) certain rental agreements in which one or more
payments are to be made in subsequent years (other than
agreements between a REIT and certain persons related to the
REIT), (c) any obligation to pay rents from real property,
(d) securities issued by governmental entities that are not
dependent in whole or in part on the profits of (or payments
made by) a non-governmental entity, (e) any security issued
by another REIT, and (f) any debt instrument issued by a
partnership if the partnerships income is such that the
partnership would satisfy the 75% gross income test described
above under Income Tests. In applying
the 10% value test, a debt security issued by a partnership is
not taken into account to the extent, if any, of the REITs
proportionate interest in that partnership.
Any interests we hold in a REMIC are generally treated as
qualifying real estate assets, and income we derive from
interests in REMICs is generally treated as qualifying income
for purposes of the REIT income tests described above. If less
than 95% of the assets of a REMIC are real estate assets,
however, then only a proportionate part of our interest in the
REMIC, and our income derived from the interest, qualifies for
purposes of the REIT asset and income tests. Where a REIT holds
a residual interest in a REMIC from which it derives
excess inclusion income, the REIT will be required
to either distribute the excess inclusion income or pay a tax on
it (or a combination of the two), even though the income may not
be received in cash by the REIT. To the extent that distributed
excess inclusion income is allocable to a particular
stockholder, the income (1) would not be allowed to be
offset by any net operating losses otherwise available to the
stockholder, (2) would be subject to tax as unrelated
business taxable income in the hands of most types of
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stockholders that are otherwise generally exempt from federal
income tax, and (3) would result in the application of
federal income tax withholding at the maximum rate of 30% (and
any otherwise available rate reductions under income tax
treaties would not apply), to the extent allocable to most types
of foreign stockholders.
We intend to monitor compliance on an ongoing basis. Independent
appraisals will not be obtained, however, to support our
conclusions as to the value of our assets or the value of any
particular security or securities. Moreover, values of some
assets, including instruments issued in securitization
transactions, may not be susceptible to a precise determination,
and values are subject to change in the future. Furthermore, the
proper classification of an instrument as debt or equity for
federal income tax purposes may be uncertain in some
circumstances, which could affect the application of the REIT
asset requirements. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that
the IRS will not contend that we do not comply with one or more
of the asset tests.
Annual
Distribution Requirements
In order to qualify as a REIT, we are required to distribute
dividends, other than capital gain dividends, to our
stockholders in an amount at least equal to:
(a) the sum of:
(1) 90% of our REIT taxable income (computed
without regard to deduction for dividends paid and net capital
gains), and
(2) 90% of our net income, if any, (after tax) from
foreclosure property (as described below), minus
(b) the sum of specified items of non-cash income.
These distributions must be paid in the taxable year to which
they relate, or in the following taxable year if declared before
we timely file our tax return for the year and if paid on or
before the first regular dividend payment after such
declaration. Distributions that we declare in October, November
or December of any year payable to a stockholder of record on a
specified date in any of these months will be treated as both
paid by us and received by the stockholder on December 31 of the
year, provided that we actually pay the distribution during
January of the following calendar year.
In order for distributions to be counted for this purpose, and
to give rise to a tax deduction by us, they must not be
preferential dividends. A dividend is not a
preferential dividend if it is pro rata among all outstanding
shares of stock within a particular class, and is in accordance
with the preferences among different classes of stock as set
forth in the organizational documents.
To the extent that we distribute at least 90%, but less than
100%, of our REIT taxable income, as adjusted, we
will be subject to tax at the regular corporate tax rates on the
retained portion. We may elect to retain, rather than
distribute, our net long-term capital gains and pay tax on such
gains. In this case, we could elect to have our stockholders
include their proportionate share of such undistributed
long-term capital gains in income and receive a corresponding
credit for their share of the tax paid by us. Our stockholders
would then increase the adjusted basis of their stock by the
difference between the designated amounts included in their
long-term capital gains and the tax deemed paid with respect to
their shares.
To the extent that a REIT has available net operating losses
carried forward from prior tax years, such losses may reduce the
amount of distributions that it must make in order to comply
with the REIT distribution requirements. Such losses, however,
will generally not affect the character, in the hands of
stockholders, of any distributions that are actually made by the
REIT, which are generally taxable to stockholders to the extent
that the REIT has current or accumulated earnings and profits.
If we fail to distribute during each calendar year at least the
sum of (a) 85% of its REIT ordinary income for such year,
(b) 95% of its REIT capital gain net income for such year
and (c) any undistributed taxable income from prior
periods, we would be subject to a 4% excise tax on the excess of
such required distribution over the sum of (x) the amounts
actually distributed and (y) the amounts of income retained
on which we have
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paid corporate income tax. We intend to make timely
distributions so that we are not subject to the 4% excise tax.
It is possible that we, from time to time, may not have
sufficient cash to meet the distribution requirements due to
timing differences between the actual receipt of cash and our
inclusion of items in income for federal income tax purposes.
Potential sources of non-cash taxable income include real estate
and securities that have been financed through securitization
structures, such as the term-debt structure, which require some
or all of available cash flows to be used to service borrowings,
loans or mortgage-backed securities we hold that have been
issued at a discount and require the accrual of taxable economic
interest in advance of its receipt in cash, and distressed loans
on which we may be required to accrue taxable interest income
even though the borrower is unable to make current servicing
payments in cash. In the event that such timing differences
occur, it might be necessary to arrange for short-term, or
possibly long-term, borrowings to meet the distribution
requirements or to pay dividends in the form of taxable in-kind
distributions of property.
We may be able to cure a failure to meet the distribution
requirements for a year by paying deficiency
dividends to stockholders in a later year, which may be
included in our deduction for dividends paid for the earlier
year. In this case, we may be able to avoid losing our REIT
status or being taxed on amounts distributed as deficiency
dividends. However, we will be required to pay interest and
possibly a penalty based on the amount of any deduction taken
for deficiency dividends.
Failure
to Qualify
If we fail to satisfy one or more requirements for REIT
qualification, other than the gross income tests and the asset
tests, we could avoid disqualification if our failure is due to
reasonable cause and not to willful neglect and we pay a penalty
of $50,000 for each such failure. In addition, there are relief
provisions for a failure of the gross income tests and asset
tests, as described in Income Tests and
Asset Tests.
If we fail to qualify for taxation as a REIT in any taxable
year, and the relief provisions do not apply, we will be subject
to tax, including any applicable alternative minimum tax, on our
taxable income at regular corporate rates. Distributions to
stockholders in any year in which we are not a REIT would not be
deductible by us, nor will they be required to be made. In this
situation, to the extent of current and accumulated earnings and
profits, all distributions to stockholders taxed as individuals
will generally be taxed at capital gains rates through 2010 and,
subject to limitations of the Internal Revenue Code, corporate
stockholders may be eligible for the dividends received
deduction. Unless we are entitled to relief under specific
statutory provisions, we will be disqualified from re-electing
to be taxed as a REIT for the four taxable years following the
year during which qualification was lost. It is not possible to
state whether, in all circumstances, we will be entitled to this
statutory relief.
Prohibited
Transactions
Net income derived from a prohibited transaction is subject to a
100% tax. The term prohibited transaction generally
includes a sale or other disposition of property (other than
foreclosure property) that is held primarily for sale to
customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business, by a
REIT, by a lower-tier partnership in which the REIT holds an
equity interest or by a borrower that has issued a shared
appreciation mortgage or similar debt instrument to the REIT. We
intend to conduct our operations so that no asset owned by us or
our pass-through subsidiaries will be held for sale to
customers, and that a sale of any such asset will not be in the
ordinary course of business. Whether property is held
primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of
a trade or business depends, however, on the particular
facts and circumstances. No assurance can be given that any
particular property in which we hold a direct or indirect
interest will not be treated as property held for sale to
customers, or that we can comply with certain safe-harbor
provisions of the Internal Revenue Code that would prevent such
treatment. The 100% tax will not apply to gains from the sale of
property that is held through a TRS or other taxable
corporation, although such income will be taxed to the
corporation at regular corporate income tax rates.
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Foreclosure
Property
Foreclosure property is real property (including interests in
real property) and any personal property incident to such real
property (1) that is acquired by a REIT as the result of
the REIT having bid on the property at foreclosure, or having
otherwise reduced the property to ownership or possession by
agreement or process of law, after there was a default (or
default was imminent) on a lease of the property or on a
mortgage loan held by the REIT and secured by the property,
(2) for which the related loan or lease was acquired by the
REIT at a time when default was not imminent or anticipated and
(3) for which such REIT makes a proper election to treat
the property as foreclosure property. REITs generally are
subject to tax at the maximum corporate rate (currently 35%) on
any net income from foreclosure property, including any gain
from the disposition of the foreclosure property, other than
income that would otherwise be qualifying income for purposes of
the 75% gross income test. Any gain from the sale of property
for which a foreclosure property election has been made will not
be subject to the 100% tax on gains from prohibited transactions
described above, even if the property would otherwise constitute
inventory or dealer property in the hands of the selling REIT.
We do not anticipate that we will receive any income from
foreclosure property that is not qualifying income for purposes
of the 75% gross income test, but, if we do receive any such
income, we intend to make an election to treat the related
property as foreclosure property.
Hedging
Transactions
We expect to enter into hedging transactions, from time to time,
with respect to our assets or liabilities. Our hedging
activities may include entering into interest rate swaps, caps,
and floors, options to purchase these items, and futures and
forward contracts. To the extent that we enter into an interest
rate swap or cap contract, option, futures contract, forward
rate agreement, or any similar financial instrument to hedge our
indebtedness incurred or to be incurred to acquire or carry
real estate assets, including mortgage loans, or to
hedge certain foreign currency risks, any periodic income or
gain from the disposition of that contract are disregarded for
purposes of the 75% and 95% gross income tests. We are required
to identify clearly any such hedging transaction before the
close of the day on which it was acquired, originated, or
entered into and satisfy other identification requirements. To
the extent that we hedge for other purposes, or to the extent
that a portion of our loans are not secured by real estate
assets (as described under Asset
Tests) or in other situations, the income from those
transactions will likely be treated as nonqualifying income for
purposes of both gross income tests. We intend to structure any
hedging transactions in a manner that does not jeopardize our
status as a REIT.
Taxable
Mortgage Pools
An entity, or a portion of an entity, may be classified as a
taxable mortgage pool, or TMP, under the Internal Revenue Code
if (1) substantially all of its assets consist of debt
obligations or interests in debt obligations, (2) more than
50% of those debt obligations are real estate mortgages or
interests in real estate mortgages as of specified testing
dates, (3) the entity has issued debt obligations
(liabilities) that have two or more maturities, and (4) the
payments required to be made by the entity on its debt
obligations (liabilities) bear a relationship to the
payments to be received by the entity on the debt obligations
that it holds as assets. Under regulations issued by the
U.S. Treasury Department, if less than 80% of the assets of
an entity (or a portion of an entity) consist of debt
obligations, these debt obligations are considered not to
comprise substantially all of its assets, and
therefore the entity would not be treated as a TMP.
Where an entity, or a portion of an entity, is classified as a
TMP, it is generally treated as a taxable corporation for
federal income tax purposes. Special rules apply, however, in
the case of a TMP that is a REIT, a portion of a REIT, or a
disregarded subsidiary of a REIT. In that event, the TMP is not
treated as a corporation that is subject to corporate income
tax, and the TMP classification does not directly affect the tax
status of the REIT. Rather, the consequences of the TMP
classification would, in general, except as described below, be
limited to the stockholders of the REIT. Although the Treasury
Department has not yet issued regulations to govern the
treatment of stockholders, a portion of the REITs income
from the TMP arrangement, which might be non-cash accrued
income, could be treated as excess inclusion income.
This income would nonetheless be subject to the distribution
requirements that apply to the REIT, and could
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therefore adversely affect its liquidity. See
Annual Distribution Requirements.
Moreover, the REITs excess inclusion income would be
allocated among its stockholders. Recently issued IRS guidance
indicates that excess inclusion income will be allocated among
shareholders in proportion to dividends paid. A
stockholders share of excess inclusion income
(1) would not be allowed to be offset by any net operating
losses otherwise available to the stockholder, (2) would be
subject to tax as unrelated business taxable income in the hands
of most types of stockholders that are otherwise generally
exempt from federal income tax, and (3) would result in the
application of federal income tax withholding at the maximum
rate (30%) (and any otherwise available rate reductions under
income tax treaties would not apply), to the extent allocable to
most types of foreign stockholders. To the extent that common
stock owned by disqualified organizations is held in
street name by a broker/dealer or other nominee, the
broker/dealer or nominee would be liable for a tax at the
highest corporate rate on the portion of excess inclusion income
allocable to the common stock held on behalf of the disqualified
organizations. See Taxation of Steadfast Income REIT,
Inc. Taxation of REITs in General for a
discussion of disqualified organizations. A
regulated investment company or other pass-through entity owning
common stock will be subject to tax at the highest corporate tax
rate on any excess inclusion income allocated to their record
name owners that are disqualified organizations. Tax-exempt
investors, foreign investors, taxpayers with net operating
losses, regulated investment companies, pass-through entities
and broker/dealers and other nominees should carefully consider
the tax consequences described above and are urged to consult
their tax advisors in connection with their decision to invest
in or hold our common stock.
If a subsidiary partnership of ours (not wholly owned by us
directly or indirectly through one or more disregarded
entities), such as our operating partnership, were a TMP or
owned a TMP, the foregoing rules would not apply. Rather, the
TMP would be treated as a corporation for federal income tax
purposes and would potentially be subject to corporate income
tax. In addition, this characterization would alter our REIT
income and asset test calculations and could adversely affect
our compliance with those requirements, e.g., by causing us to
be treated as owning more than 10% of the securities of a C
corporation. Because we intend to hold substantially all of our
assets through our operating partnership, we will not acquire
interests in taxable mortgage pools and will attempt to avoid
securitization structures that may be treated as taxable
mortgage pools.
Tax
Aspects of Investments in Partnerships
We will hold investments through entities, including our
operating partnership, that are classified as partnerships for
federal income tax purposes. In general, partnerships are
pass-through entities that are not subject to
federal income tax. Rather, partners are allocated their
proportionate shares of the items of income, gain, loss,
deduction and credit of a partnership, and are potentially
subject to tax on these items, without regard to whether the
partners receive a distribution from the partnership. We will
include in our income our proportionate share of these
partnership items from subsidiary partnerships for purposes of
the various REIT income tests and in the computation of our REIT
taxable income. Moreover, for purposes of the REIT asset tests,
we will include our proportionate share of assets held by
subsidiary partnerships. See Effect of
Subsidiary Entities Ownership of Partnership
Interests. Consequently, to the extent that we hold an
equity interest in a partnership, the partnerships assets
and operations may affect our ability to qualify as a REIT, even
if we may have no control, or only limited influence, over the
partnership.
Entity
Classification
Investment in partnerships involves special tax considerations,
including the possibility of a challenge by the IRS of the
status of any partnerships as a partnership, as opposed to an
association taxable as a corporation, for federal income tax
purposes (for example, if the IRS were to assert that a
subsidiary partnership is a TMP). See Taxable
Mortgage Pools. If any of these entities were treated as
an association for federal income tax purposes, it would be
taxable as a corporation and therefore could be subject to an
entity-level tax on its income. In such a situation, the
character of our assets and items of gross income would change
and could preclude us from satisfying the REIT asset tests or
the gross income tests as discussed in Asset
Tests and Income Tests, and in
turn could prevent us from qualifying as a REIT. See
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Failure to Qualify, above, for a
discussion of the effect of our failure to meet these tests for
a taxable year. In addition, any change in the status of any of
partnerships for tax purposes might be treated as a taxable
event, in which case we could have taxable income that is
subject to the REIT distribution requirements without receiving
any cash.
Tax
Allocations with Respect to Partnership Properties
Under the Internal Revenue Code and the Treasury regulations,
income, gain, loss and deduction attributable to appreciated or
depreciated property that is contributed to a partnership in
exchange for an interest in the partnership must be allocated
for tax purposes in a manner such that the contributing partner
is charged with, or benefits from, the unrealized gain or
unrealized loss associated with the property at the time of the
contribution. The amount of the unrealized gain or unrealized
loss is generally equal to the difference between the fair
market value of the contributed property at the time of
contribution and the adjusted tax basis of such property at the
time of contribution (a book-tax difference). Such
allocations are solely for federal income tax purposes and do
not affect the book capital accounts or other economic or legal
arrangements among the partners.
To the extent that any of our partnerships acquire appreciated
(or depreciated) properties by way of capital contributions from
its partners, allocations would need to be made in a manner
consistent with these requirements. Where a partner contributes
cash to a partnership at a time that the partnership holds
appreciated (or depreciated) property, the Treasury regulations
provide for a similar allocation of any existing book-tax
difference to the other (i.e., non-contributing) partners. These
rules may apply to the contribution by us to our operating
partnerships of the cash proceeds received in offerings of our
stock. As a result, we could be allocated greater or lesser
amounts of depreciation and taxable income in respect of a
partnerships properties than would be the case if all of
the partnerships assets (including any contributed assets)
had a tax basis equal to their fair market values at the time of
any contributions to that partnership. This could cause us to
recognize, over a period of time, taxable income in excess of
cash flow from the partnership, which might adversely affect our
ability to comply with the REIT distribution requirements
discussed above.
Taxation
of Holders of Our Common Stock
The following is a summary of certain additional federal income
tax considerations with respect to the ownership of our common
stock.
Taxation
of Taxable U.S. Shareholders
As used herein, the term U.S. shareholder means
a holder of our common stock that for federal income tax
purposes is:
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a citizen or resident of the United States;
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a corporation (including an entity treated as a corporation for
federal income tax purposes) created or organized in or under
the laws of the United States, any of its states or the District
of Columbia;
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an estate whose income is subject to federal income taxation
regardless of its source; or
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a trust if: (1) a U.S. court is able to exercise
primary supervision over the administration of such trust and
one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all
substantial decisions of the trust; or (2) it has a valid
election in place to be treated as a U.S. person.
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If a partnership, entity or arrangement treated as a partnership
for federal income tax purposes holds our common stock, the
federal income tax treatment of a partner in the partnership
will generally depend on the status of the partner and the
activities of the partnership. If you are a partner in a
partnership that will hold our common stock, you should consult
your tax advisor regarding the consequences of the purchase,
ownership and disposition of our common stock by the partnership.
Under the recently enacted Health Care and Education
Reconciliation Act of 2010, amending the Patient Protection and
Affordable Care Act, high-income U.S. individuals, estates,
and trusts will be subject to an
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additional 3.8% tax on net investment income in tax years
beginning after December 31, 2012. For these purposes, net
investment income includes dividends and gains from sales of
stock. In the case of an individual, the tax will be 3.8% of the
lesser of the individuals net investment income or the
excess of the individuals modified adjusted gross income
over $250,000 in the case of a married individual filing a joint
return or a surviving spouse, $125,000 in the case of a married
individual filing a separate return, or $200,000 in the case of
a single individual.
Taxation of U.S. Shareholders on Distributions on Our
Common Stock. As long as we qualify as a REIT, a
taxable U.S. shareholder generally must take into account
as ordinary income distributions made out of its current or
accumulated earnings and profits that we do not designate as
capital gain dividends or retained long-term capital gain.
Dividends paid to corporate U.S. shareholders will not
qualify for the dividends received deduction generally available
to corporations. In addition, dividends paid to a
U.S. shareholder generally will not qualify for the 15% tax
rate for qualified dividend income. Legislation
enacted in 2003 and 2006 reduced the maximum tax rate for
qualified dividend income from 38.6% to 15% for tax years 2003
through 2010. Without future congressional action, the maximum
tax rate on qualified dividend income will be 39.6% in 2011.
Because we are not generally subject to federal income tax on
the portion of our net taxable income distributed to our
shareholders (see Taxation of Steadfast Income
REIT, Inc. Taxation of REITs in General),
our dividends generally will not be eligible for the 15% rate on
qualified dividend income. As a result, our ordinary dividends
generally will be taxed at the higher tax rate applicable to
ordinary income, which currently is a maximum rate of 35%.
However, the 15% tax rate for qualified dividend income will
apply to our ordinary dividends to the extent attributable:
(i) to dividends received by us from non-REIT corporations,
such as TRSs; and (ii) to income upon which we have paid
corporate income tax (e.g., to the extent that we distribute
less than 100% of our taxable income). In general, to qualify
for the reduced tax rate on qualified dividend income, a
shareholder must hold our common stock for more than
60 days during the
121-day
period beginning on the date that is 60 days before the
date on which our common stock become
ex-dividend.
A U.S. shareholder generally will take into account as
long-term capital gain any distributions that we designate as
capital gain dividends without regard to the period for which
the U.S. shareholder has held its common stock. We
generally will designate our capital gain dividends as either
15% or 25% rate distributions. See Capital
Gains and Losses. A corporate U.S. shareholder,
however, may be required to treat up to 20% of certain capital
gain dividends as ordinary income.
We may elect to retain and pay income tax on the net long-term
capital gain that we receive in a taxable year. In that case, to
the extent that we designate such amount in a timely notice to
such shareholder, a U.S. shareholder would be taxed on its
proportionate share of its undistributed long-term capital gain.
The U.S. shareholder would receive a credit for its
proportionate share of the tax we paid. The
U.S. shareholder would increase the basis in its stock by
the amount of its proportionate share of our undistributed
long-term capital gain, minus its share of the tax we paid.
To the extent that we make a distribution in excess of our
current and accumulated earnings and profits, such distribution
will not be taxable to a U.S. shareholder to the extent
that it does not exceed the adjusted tax basis of the
U.S. shareholders common stock. Instead, such
distribution will reduce the adjusted tax basis of such stock.
To the extent that we make a distribution in excess of both our
current and accumulated earnings and profits and the
U.S. shareholders adjusted tax basis in its common
stock, such shareholder will recognize long-term capital gain,
or short-term capital gain if the common stock has been held for
one year or less, assuming the common stock is a capital asset
in the hands of the U.S. shareholder. In addition, if we
declare a distribution in October, November, or December of any
year that is payable to a U.S. shareholder of record on a
specified date in any such month, such distribution shall be
treated as both paid by us and received by the
U.S. shareholder on December 31 of such year, provided that
we actually pays the distribution during January of the
following calendar year.
Shareholders may not include in their individual income tax
returns any of a REITs net operating losses or capital
losses. Instead, the REIT would carry over such losses for
potential offset against its future income.
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Taxable distributions from us and gain from the disposition of
our common stock will not be treated as passive activity income,
and therefore, shareholders generally will not be able to apply
any passive activity losses, such as losses from
certain types of limited partnerships in which the shareholder
is a limited partner to offset income they derive from our
common stock, against such income. In addition, taxable
distributions from us and gain from the disposition of our
common stock generally may be treated as investment income for
purposes of the investment interest limitations (although any
capital gains so treated will not qualify for the lower 15% tax
rate applicable to capital gains of U.S. shareholders taxed
at individual rates). We will notify shareholders after the
close of our taxable year as to the portions of our
distributions attributable to that year that constitute ordinary
income, return of capital, and capital gain.
Taxation of U.S. Shareholders on the Disposition of Our
Common Stock. In general, a U.S. shareholder
who is not a dealer in securities must treat any gain or loss
realized upon a taxable disposition of our common stock as
long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. shareholder has
held the common stock for more than one year and otherwise as
short-term capital gain or loss. However, a
U.S. shareholder must treat any loss upon a sale or
exchange of common stock held by such shareholder for six months
or less as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any actual
or deemed distributions from us that such U.S. shareholder
previously has characterized as long-term capital gain. All or a
portion of any loss that a U.S. shareholder realizes upon a
taxable disposition of the common stock may be disallowed if the
U.S. shareholder purchases other common stock within
30 days before or after the disposition.
Capital Gains and Losses. A taxpayer generally
must hold a capital asset for more than one year for gain or
loss derived from its sale or exchange to be treated as
long-term capital gain or loss. The highest marginal individual
income tax rate is 35%. However, the maximum tax rate on
long-term capital gain applicable to U.S. shareholders
taxed at individual rates is 15% (through 2010). Without future
congressional action, the maximum tax rate on long-term capital
gain applicable to U.S. shareholders will be 20% in 2011.
The maximum tax rate on long-term capital gain from the sale or
exchange of Section 1250 property, or
depreciable real property, is 25% computed on the lesser of the
total amount of the gain or the accumulated Section 1250
depreciation. With respect to distributions that we designate as
capital gain dividends and any retained capital gain that we are
deemed to distribute, we generally may designate whether such a
distribution is taxable to our non-corporate shareholders at a
15% or 25% rate. Thus, the tax rate differential between capital
gain and ordinary income for non-corporate taxpayers may be
significant. In addition, the characterization of income as
capital gain or ordinary income may affect the deductibility of
capital losses. A non-corporate taxpayer may deduct capital
losses not offset by capital gains against its ordinary income
only up to a maximum annual amount of $3,000. A non-corporate
taxpayer may carry forward unused capital losses indefinitely. A
corporate taxpayer must pay tax on its net capital gain at
ordinary corporate rates. A corporate taxpayer may deduct
capital losses only to the extent of capital gains, with unused
losses being carried back three years and forward five years.
Information Reporting Requirements and Backup
Withholding. We will report to our shareholders
and to the IRS the amount of distributions we pay during each
calendar year, and the amount of tax we withhold, if any. Under
the backup withholding rules, a shareholder may be subject to
backup withholding at the rate of 28% with respect to
distributions unless such holder:
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is a corporation or comes within certain other exempt categories
and, when required, demonstrates this fact; or
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provides a taxpayer identification number, certifies as to no
loss of exemption from backup withholding, and otherwise
complies with the applicable requirements of the backup
withholding rules.
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A shareholder who does not provide us with its correct taxpayer
identification number also may be subject to penalties imposed
by the IRS. Any amount paid as backup withholding will be
creditable against the shareholders income tax liability.
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Taxation
of Tax-Exempt Shareholders
Tax-exempt entities, including qualified employee pension and
profit sharing trusts and individual retirement accounts and
annuities, generally are exempt from federal income taxation.
However, they are subject to taxation on their unrelated
business taxable income. Dividend distributions from a REIT to
an exempt employee pension trust generally do not constitute
unrelated business taxable income, provided that the exempt
employee pension trust does not otherwise use the shares of the
REIT in an unrelated trade or business of the pension trust.
However, if a tax-exempt shareholder were to finance its
investment in our common stock with debt, a portion of the
income that it receives from us would constitute unrelated
business taxable income pursuant to the debt-financed
property rules. In addition, dividends that are
attributable to excess inclusion income will constitute
unrelated business taxable income in the hands of most
tax-exempt shareholders. See Taxation of
Steadfast Income REIT, Inc. Taxable Mortgage
Pools. Furthermore, social clubs, voluntary employee
benefit associations, supplemental unemployment benefit trusts,
and qualified group legal services plans that are exempt from
taxation under special provisions of the federal income tax laws
are subject to different unrelated business taxable income
rules, which generally will require them to characterize
distributions that they receive from us as unrelated business
taxable income. Finally, in certain circumstances, a qualified
employee pension or profit sharing trust that owns more than 10%
of our stock is required to treat a percentage of the dividends
that it receives from us as unrelated business taxable income.
Such percentage is equal to the gross income that we derive from
an unrelated trade or business, determined as if we were a
pension trust, divided by our total gross income for the year in
which we pay the dividends. That rule applies to a pension trust
holding more than 10% of our stock only if:
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the percentage of our dividends that the tax-exempt trust would
be required to treat as unrelated business taxable income is at
least 5%;
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We qualify as a REIT by reason of the modification of the rule
requiring that no more than 50% of our stock be owned by five or
fewer individuals that allows the beneficiaries of the pension
trust to be treated as holding our stock in proportion to their
actuarial interests in the pension trust (see Taxation of
Steadfast Income REIT, Inc. Requirements for
Qualification-General); and
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either: (1) one pension trust owns more than 25% of the
value of our stock; or (2) a group of pension trusts
individually holding more than 10% of the value of our stock
collectively owns more than 50% of the value of our stock.
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Taxation
of Non-U.S.
Shareholders
The term
non-U.S. shareholder
means a holder of our common stock that is not a
U.S. shareholder or a partnership or an entity treated as a
partnership for federal income tax purposes. The rules governing
federal income taxation of
non-U.S. shareholders
are complex. This section is only a summary of such rules.
Non-U.S. shareholders
are urged to consult their tax advisors to determine the impact
of federal, state, local and foreign income tax laws on the
ownership of our common stock, including any reporting
requirements.
Ordinary Dividends. A
non-U.S. shareholder
that receives a distribution that is not attributable to gain
from our sale or exchange of a United States real property
interest (a USRPI), and that we do not
designate as a capital gain dividend or retained capital gain
will recognize ordinary income to the extent that we pay such
distribution out of our current or accumulated earnings and
profits. A withholding tax equal to 30% of the gross amount of
the distribution ordinarily will apply to such distribution
unless an applicable tax treaty reduces or eliminates the tax.
Our dividends that are attributable to excess inclusion income
will be subject to the 30% withholding tax, without reduction
for any otherwise applicable income tax treaty. See
Taxation of Steadfast Income REIT,
Inc. Taxable Mortgage Pools. If a distribution
is treated as effectively connected with the
non-U.S. shareholders
conduct of a U.S. trade or business, the
non-U.S.
shareholder generally will be subject to federal income tax on
the distribution at graduated rates, in the same manner as
U.S. shareholders are taxed with respect to such
distribution, and a
non-U.S. shareholder
that is a corporation also may be subject to the 30% branch
profits tax with respect to the distribution. We plan to
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withhold U.S. income tax at the rate of 30% on the gross
amount of any such distribution paid to a
non-U.S. shareholder
unless either:
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a lower treaty rate applies and the
non-U.S. shareholder
furnishes to us an IRS
Form W-8BEN
evidencing eligibility for that reduced rate; or
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the
non-U.S. shareholder
furnishes to us an IRS
Form W-8ECI
claiming that the distribution is effectively connected income.
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Capital Gain Dividends. For any year in which
we qualify as a REIT, a
non-U.S. shareholder
will incur tax on distributions that are attributable to gain
from our sale or exchange of a USRPI under the Foreign
Investment in Real Property Tax Act of 1980
(FIRPTA). A USRPI includes certain interests in real
property and stock in United States real property holding
corporations but does not include interests solely as a
creditor and, accordingly, does not include a debt instrument
that does not provide for contingent payments based on the value
of or income from real property interests. Under FIRPTA, a
non-U.S. shareholder
is taxed on distributions attributable to gain from sales of
USRPIs as if such gain were effectively connected with a
U.S. business of the non- U.S. shareholder. A
non-U.S. shareholder
thus would be taxed on such a distribution at the normal capital
gains rates applicable to U.S. shareholders, subject to
applicable alternative minimum tax and a special alternative
minimum tax in the case of a nonresident alien individual. A
non-U.S. corporate
shareholder not entitled to treaty relief or exemption also may
be subject to the 30% branch profits tax on such a distribution.
There is a special 35% withholding rate for distributions to
non-US shareholders attributable to the REITs gains from
dispositions of USRPIs. A
non-U.S. shareholder
may receive a credit against its tax liability for the amount we
withhold.
Capital gain dividends that are attributable to our sale of
USRPIs would be treated as ordinary dividends rather than as
gain from the sale of a USRPI, if: (1) our common stock is
regularly traded on an established securities market
in the United States; and (2) the
non-U.S. shareholder
did not own more than 5% of our common stock at any time during
the one-year period prior to the distribution. Such
distributions would be subject to withholding tax on such
capital gain distributions in the same manner as they are
subject to withholding tax on ordinary dividends. Our stock is
not regularly traded on an established securities market in the
United States and there is no assurance that it ever will be.
Capital gain dividends that are not attributable to our sale of
USRPIs, e.g., distributions of gains from sales of debt
instruments that are not USRPIs, generally will not be taxable
to non-US shareholders or subject to withholding tax.
Non-Dividend Distributions. A
non-U.S. shareholder
will not incur tax on a distribution in excess of our current
and accumulated earnings and profits if the excess portion of
such distribution does not exceed the adjusted basis of its
common stock. Instead, the excess portion of such distribution
will reduce the adjusted basis of such shares. A
non-U.S. shareholder
will be subject to tax on a distribution that exceeds both our
current and accumulated earnings and profits and the adjusted
basis of its common stock, if the
non-U.S.
shareholder otherwise would be subject to tax on gain from the
sale or disposition of its common stock, as described below.
Because we generally cannot determine at the time we make a
distribution whether the distribution will exceed our current
and accumulated earnings and profits, we normally will withhold
tax on the entire amount of any distribution at the same rate as
we would withhold on an ordinary dividend. However, a
non-U.S. shareholder
may claim a refund of amounts that we withhold if we later
determine that a distribution in fact exceeded our current and
accumulated earnings and profits.
We may be required to withhold 10% of any distribution that
exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits if our
stock is a USRPI. Consequently, although we intend to withhold
at a rate of 30% on the entire amount of any distribution, to
the extent that we do not do so, we may withhold at a rate of
10% on any portion of a distribution not subject to withholding
at a rate of 30%.
A
non-U.S. shareholder
generally will not incur tax under FIRPTA with respect to gain
realized upon a disposition of our common stock as long as we
(i) are not a United States real property holding
corporation during a specified testing period or
(ii) are a domestically controlled qualified investment
entity. We believe that we will not be a United States
real property holding corporation, but no assurance can be
provided that
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we will not become a United States real property holding
corporation in the future. In addition, we believe that we
will be a domestically controlled qualified investment entity,
but we cannot assure you that we will be a domestically
controlled qualified investment entity in the future. Even if we
were a United States real property holding
corporation and we were not a domestically controlled
qualified investment entity, a
non-U.S. shareholder
that owned, actually or constructively, 5% or less of our common
stock at all times during a specified testing period would not
incur tax under FIRPTA if our common stock is regularly
traded on an established securities market. Our stock is
not regularly traded on an established securities market in the
United States and there is no assurance that it ever will be.
If the gain on the sale of our common stock were taxed under
FIRPTA, a
non-U.S. shareholder
would be taxed in the same manner as U.S. shareholders with
respect to such gain, subject to applicable alternative minimum
tax or, a special alternative minimum tax in the case of
nonresident alien individuals. Distributions subject to FIRPTA
may also be subject to a 30% branch profits tax when received by
a non U.S. shareholder that is a corporation. Furthermore,
a
non-U.S. shareholder
will incur tax on gain not subject to FIRPTA if (1) the
gain is effectively connected with the
non-U.S. shareholders
U.S. trade or business, in which case the
non-U.S. shareholder
will be subject to the same treatment as U.S. shareholders
with respect to such gain, or (2) the
non-U.S. shareholder
is a nonresident alien individual who was present in the United
States for 183 days or more during the taxable year and has
a tax home in the United States, in which case the
non-U.S.
shareholder will incur a 30% tax on his capital gains.
U.S.
Federal Income Tax Aspects of Our Operating
Partnership
The following discussion summarizes certain U.S. federal
income tax considerations applicable to our investment in our
operating partnership. The discussion does not cover state or
local tax laws or any federal tax laws other than income tax
laws.
Classification
as a Partnership
We will include in our income our distributive share of our
operating partnerships income and deduct our distributive
share of our operating partnerships losses only if our
operating partnership is classified for federal income tax
purposes as a partnership, rather than as a corporation or an
association taxable as a corporation. Under applicable Treasury
Regulations, an unincorporated domestic entity with at least two
members may elect to be classified either as an association
taxable as a corporation or as a partnership. If the entity
fails to elect otherwise, it generally will be treated as a
partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Our
operating partnership intends to be classified as a partnership
for U.S. federal income tax purposes and will not elect to
be treated as an association taxable as a corporation.
Even though our operating partnership will not elect to be
treated as an association for U.S. federal income tax
purposes, it may be taxed as a corporation if it is deemed to be
a publicly traded partnership. A publicly traded
partnership is a partnership whose interests are traded on an
established securities market or are readily tradable on a
secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof. Under
applicable Treasury regulations, which we refer to as the PTP
Regulations, limited safe harbors from the definition of a
publicly traded partnership are provided. Pursuant to one of
those safe harbors, which we refer to as the Private Placement
Exclusion, interests in a partnership will not be treated as
readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial
equivalent thereof if (1) all interests in the partnership
were issued in a transaction (or transactions) that were not
required to be registered under the Securities Act and
(2) the partnership does not have more than 100 partners at
any time during the partnerships taxable year. In
determining the number of partners in a partnership, a person
owning an interest in a flow-through entity (including a
partnership, grantor trust or S corporation) that owns an
interest in the partnership is treated as a partner in such
partnership only if (a) substantially all of the value of
the owners interest in the flow-through entity is
attributable to the
flow-through
entitys direct or indirect interest in the partnership and
(b) a principal purpose of the use of the flow-through
entity is to permit the partnership to satisfy the 100 partner
limitation. We and our operating partnership believe and
currently intend to take the position that our operating
partnership should not be classified as a publicly traded
partnership because (1) limited partnership interests are
not traded on an established securities market and
(2) limited partnership interests should not be considered
readily tradable on
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a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof. In
addition, our operating partnership presently qualifies for the
Private Placement Exclusion.
Even if our operating partnership were considered a publicly
traded partnership under the PTP Regulations, our operating
partnership should not be treated as a corporation for Federal
income tax purposes as long as 90% or more of its gross income
consists of qualifying income under
section 7704(d) of the Internal Revenue Code. In general,
qualifying income includes interest, dividends, real property
rents (as defined by section 856 of the Internal Revenue
Code) and gain from the sale or disposition of real property. If
our operating partnership were characterized as a publicly
traded partnership but was not taxable as a corporation because
of the qualifying income exception, however, holders of limited
partnership interests would be subject to special rules under
section 469 of the Internal Revenue Code. Under such rules,
each holder of limited partnership interests would be required
to treat any loss derived from our operating partnership
separately from any income or loss derived from any other
publicly traded partnership, as well as from income or loss
derived from other passive activities. In such case, any net
losses or credits attributable to our operating partnership that
are carried forward may only be offset against future income of
our operating partnership. Moreover, unlike other passive
activity losses, suspended losses attributable to our operating
partnership would only be allowed upon the complete disposition
of the limited partners entire interest in our
operating partnership.
We have not requested, and do not intend to request, a ruling
from the Internal Revenue Service that our operating partnership
will be classified as a partnership for federal income tax
purposes.
If for any reason our operating partnership were taxable as a
corporation, rather than a partnership, for federal income tax
purposes, we would not be able to qualify as a REIT, unless we
are eligible for relief from the violation pursuant to relief
provisions described above. In addition, any change in our
operating partnerships status for tax purposes might be
treated as a taxable event, in which case we might incur a tax
liability without any related cash distribution. Further, items
of income and deduction of our operating partnership would not
pass through to its partners, and its partners would be treated
as stockholders for tax purposes. Our operating partnership
would be required to pay income tax at corporate tax rates on
its net income, and distributions to its partners would
constitute distributions that would not be deductible in
computing our operating partnerships taxable income.
Income
Taxation of Our Operating Partnership and its
Partners
Partners, Not Operating Partnership, Subject to
Tax. A partnership is not a taxable entity for
U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a partner in our
operating partnership, we will be required to take into account
our allocable share of our operating partnerships income,
gains, losses, deductions and credits for any taxable year of
our operating partnership ending within or with our taxable
year, without regard to whether we have received or will receive
any distributions from our operating partnership.
Operating Partnership Allocations. Although a
partnership agreement generally determines the allocation of
income and losses among partners, such allocations will be
disregarded for tax purposes under section 704(b) of the
Internal Revenue Code if they do not comply with the provisions
of section 704(b) of the Internal Revenue Code and the
Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder. If an allocation is
not recognized for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the
item subject to the allocation will be reallocated in accordance
with the partners interests in the partnership, which will
be determined by taking into account all of the facts and
circumstances relating to the economic arrangement of the
partners with respect to such item. Our operating
partnerships allocations of taxable income and loss are
intended to comply with the requirements of section 704(b)
of the Internal Revenue Code and the Treasury Regulations
promulgated thereunder.
Tax Allocations With Respect to Contributed
Properties. Pursuant to section 704(c) of
the Internal Revenue Code, income, gain, loss and deduction
attributable to appreciated or depreciated property that is
contributed to a partnership in exchange for an interest in the
partnership must be allocated for U.S. federal income tax
purposes in a manner such that the contributor is charged with,
or benefits from, the unrealized gain or unrealized loss
associated with the property at the time of the contribution.
The amount of unrealized
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gain or unrealized loss is generally equal to the difference
between the fair market value of the contributed property at the
time of contribution and the adjusted tax basis of such property
at the time of contribution. Under applicable Treasury
Regulations, partnerships are required to use a reasonable
method for allocating items subject to section 704(c)
of the Internal Revenue Code, and several reasonable allocation
methods are described therein.
Under the operating partnership agreement, depreciation or
amortization deductions of our operating partnership generally
will be allocated among the partners in accordance with their
respective interests in our operating partnership, except to the
extent that our operating partnership is required under
section 704(c) to use a different method for allocating
depreciation deductions attributable to its properties. In
addition, gain or loss on the sale of a property that has been
contributed to our operating partnership will be specially
allocated to the contributing partner to the extent of any
built-in gain or loss with respect to the property for federal
income tax purposes. It is possible that we may (1) be
allocated lower amounts of depreciation deductions for tax
purposes with respect to contributed properties than would be
allocated to us if each such property were to have a tax basis
equal to its fair market value at the time of contribution and
(2) be allocated taxable gain in the event of a sale of
such contributed properties in excess of the economic profit
allocated to us as a result of such sale. These allocations may
cause us to recognize taxable income in excess of cash proceeds
received by us, which might adversely affect our ability to
comply with the REIT distribution requirements, although we do
not anticipate that this event will occur. The foregoing
principles also will affect the calculation of our earnings and
profits for purposes of determining the portion of our
distributions that are taxable as a distribution. The
allocations described in this paragraph may result in a higher
portion of our distributions being taxed as a distribution than
would have occurred had we purchased such properties for cash.
Basis in Operating Partnership Interest. The
adjusted tax basis of our partnership interest in our operating
partnership generally will be equal to (1) the amount of
cash and the basis of any other property contributed to our
operating partnership by us, (2) increased by (a) our
allocable share of our operating partnerships income and
(b) our allocable share of indebtedness of our operating
partnership and (3) reduced, but not below zero, by
(a) our allocable share of our operating partnerships
loss and (b) the amount of cash distributed to us,
including constructive cash distributions resulting from a
reduction in our share of indebtedness of our operating
partnership. If the allocation of our distributive share of our
operating partnerships loss would reduce the adjusted tax
basis of our partnership interest in our operating partnership
below zero, the recognition of the loss will be deferred until
such time as the recognition of the loss would not reduce our
adjusted tax basis below zero. If a distribution from our
operating partnership or a reduction in our share of our
operating partnerships liabilities would reduce our
adjusted tax basis below zero, that distribution, including a
constructive distribution, will constitute taxable income to us.
The gain realized by us upon the receipt of any such
distribution or constructive distribution would normally be
characterized as capital gain, and if our partnership interest
in our operating partnership has been held for longer than the
long-term capital gain holding period (currently one year), the
distribution would constitute long-term capital gain.
Depreciation Deductions Available to Our Operating
Partnership. Our operating partnership will use a
portion of contributions we make from net offering proceeds to
acquire interests in properties and securities. To the extent
that our operating partnership acquires properties or securities
for cash, our operating partnerships initial basis in such
properties for federal income tax purposes generally will be
equal to the purchase price paid by our operating partnership.
To the extent that our operating partnership acquires properties
in exchange for limited partnership interests in our operating
partnership, our operating partnerships initial basis in
each such property for federal income tax purposes should be the
same as the transferors basis in that property on the date
of acquisition by our operating partnership.
Sale of Our Operating Partnerships
Property. Generally, any gain realized by our
operating partnership on the sale of property held for more than
one year will be long-term capital gain, except for any portion
of such gain that is treated as depreciation or cost recovery
recapture. Our share of any gain realized by our operating
partnership on the sale of any property held by our operating
partnership as inventory or other property held primarily for
sale to customers in the ordinary course of our operating
partnerships trade or business will be treated as income
from a prohibited transaction that is subject to a 100% tax.
Whether property is held primarily for sale to customers in the
ordinary course of a trade or business depends on the
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facts and circumstances surrounding each property. We intend to
avoid the 100% prohibited transaction tax by (1) conducting
activities that may otherwise be considered prohibited
transactions through a taxable REIT subsidiary,
(2) conducting our operations in such a manner so that no
sale or other disposition of an asset we own, directly or
through any subsidiary other than a taxable REIT subsidiary,
will be treated as a prohibited transaction or
(3) structuring certain dispositions of our properties to
comply with certain safe harbors available under the Internal
Revenue Code for properties held at least two years. Despite our
present intention, no assurance can be given that any particular
property we own, directly or through any subsidiary entity,
including our operating partnership, but excluding out taxable
REIT subsidiaries, will not be treated as property held
primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of trade
or business.
Other Tax
Considerations
Legislative
or Other Actions Affecting REITs
The rules dealing with U.S. federal income taxation are
constantly under review. No assurance can be given as to
whether, when or in what form the U.S. federal income tax
laws applicable to us and our stockholders may be changed,
possibly with retroactive effect. Changes to the federal tax
laws and interpretations of federal tax laws could adversely
affect an investment in shares of our common stock.
State,
Local and Foreign Taxes
We may be subject to state, local or foreign taxation in various
jurisdictions, including those in which we and our subsidiaries
transact business, own property or reside. The state, local or
foreign tax treatment of us may not conform to the federal
income tax treatment discussed above. Any foreign taxes incurred
by us would not pass through to stockholders against their
United States federal income tax liability. Prospective
investors should consult their tax advisors regarding the
application and effect of state, local and foreign income and
other tax laws on an investment in our common stock.
152
ERISA
CONSIDERATIONS
The following is a summary of material considerations arising
under ERISA and the prohibited transaction provisions of the
Internal Revenue Code that may be relevant to a prospective
purchaser, including plans and arrangements subject to the
fiduciary rules of ERISA (ERISA Plans), plans and
accounts that are not subject to ERISA but are subject to the
prohibited transaction rules of Section 4975 of the
Internal Revenue Code, including IRAs, Keogh plans and medical
savings accounts (together with ERISA Plans, Benefit
Plans or Benefit Plan Investors) and
governmental plans, church plans and foreign plans that are
exempt from ERISA and the prohibited transaction provisions of
the Code but that may be subject to state law or other
requirements which we refer to as Other Plans. This summary is
based on provisions of ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code, each
as amended through the date of this prospectus, and the relevant
regulations, opinions and other authority issued by the
Department of Labor and the IRS. We cannot assure you that there
will not be adverse tax or labor decisions or legislative,
regulatory or administrative changes that would significantly
modify the statements expressed herein. Any such changes may
apply to transactions entered into prior to the date of their
enactment. This discussion does not address all of the aspects
of ERISA, the Code or other laws that may be applicable to a
Benefit Plan or Other Plan, in light of their particular
circumstances.
In considering whether to invest a portion of the assets of a
Benefit Plan or Other Plan, fiduciaries should consider, among
other things, whether:
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the investment will be in accordance with the documents and
instruments covering the investments by such Benefit Plan or
Other Plan;
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in the case of an ERISA Plan, the plan fiduciary will be able to
satisfy his responsibility to the plan whether the investment
will provide sufficient liquidity;
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the investment will produce UBTI to the Benefit Plan; and
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the plan fiduciary will be able to value the assets in
accordance with ERISA or other applicable law.
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Under ERISA, a plan fiduciarys responsibilities include
the following duties:
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to act solely in the interest of plan participants and
beneficiaries and for the exclusive purpose of providing
benefits to them, as well as defraying reasonable expenses of
plan administration;
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to invest plan assets prudently;
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to diversify the investments of the plan, unless it is clearly
prudent not to do so;
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to ensure sufficient liquidity for the plan;
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to ensure that plan investments are made in accordance with plan
documents; and
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to consider whether an investment would constitute or give rise
to a prohibited transaction under ERISA or the Internal Revenue
Code.
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ERISA also requires that with certain exceptions, the assets of
an employee benefit plan be held in trust and that the trustee,
or a duly authorized named fiduciary or investment manager, have
exclusive authority and discretion to manage and control the
assets of the plan.
Prohibited
Transactions
Section 406 of ERISA and Section 4975 of the Internal
Revenue Code prohibit specified transactions involving the
assets of a Benefit Plan that are between the plan and any party
in interest or disqualified person with respect to that Benefit
Plan, unless an administrative or statutory exemption applies.
These transactions are prohibited regardless of how beneficial
they may be for the Benefit Plan. Prohibited transactions
include the sale, exchange or leasing of property, and the
lending of money or the extension of credit, between a Benefit
Plan and a party in interest or disqualified person. The
transfer to (or use by or for the benefit of) a party in
interest or disqualified person of any assets of a Benefit Plan
is also prohibited, as is the furnishing of services between a
plan and a party in interest. A fiduciary of a Benefit Plan is
also prohibited from engaging
153
in self-dealing, acting for a person who has an interest adverse
to the plan in connection with a transaction involving the plan
or receiving any consideration for its own account from a party
dealing with the plan in a transaction involving plan assets.
Furthermore, Section 408 of the Internal Revenue Code
states that assets of an IRA trust may not be commingled with
other property except in a common trust fund or common
investment fund.
Plan
Asset Considerations
In order to determine whether an investment in our shares by a
Benefit Plan creates or gives rise to the potential for either
prohibited transactions or a commingling of assets as referred
to above, a fiduciary must consider whether an investment in our
shares will cause our assets to be treated as assets of the
investing Benefit Plan. ERISA provides that the term plan
assets generally is defined as under regulations
prescribed by the Department of Labor. Regulations promulgated
by the Department of Labor provide guidance, which we refer to
as the plan assets regulation, as to whether, and under what
circumstances, the underlying assets of an entity will be deemed
to constitute assets of a Benefit Plan when the plan invests in
that entity. Under the plan assets regulation, the assets of an
entity in which a Benefit Plan makes an equity investment will
generally be deemed to be assets of the Benefit Plan, unless one
of the exceptions to this general rule applies.
In the event that our underlying assets were treated as the
assets of investing Benefit Plans, our management would be
treated as fiduciaries with respect to each Benefit Plan
stockholder and an investment in our shares might constitute an
ineffective delegation of fiduciary responsibility to our
advisor, and expose the fiduciary of the Benefit Plan to
co-fiduciary liability under ERISA for any breach by our advisor
of the fiduciary duties mandated under ERISA. Further, if our
assets are deemed to be plan assets, an investment by an IRA in
our shares might be deemed to result in an impermissible
commingling of IRA assets with other property.
If our advisor or its affiliates were treated as fiduciaries
with respect to Benefit Plan stockholders, the prohibited
transaction restrictions of ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code
would apply to any transaction involving our assets. These
restrictions could, for example, require that we avoid
transactions with persons that are affiliated with or related to
us or our affiliates or require that we restructure our
activities in order to obtain an administrative exemption from
the prohibited transaction restrictions. Alternatively, we might
have to provide Benefit Plan stockholders with the opportunity
to sell their shares to us or we might dissolve.
If a prohibited transaction were to occur, the Internal Revenue
Code imposes an excise tax equal to 15% of the amount involved
and authorizes the IRS to impose an additional 100% excise tax
if the prohibited transaction is not corrected in a
timely manner. These taxes would be imposed on any disqualified
person who participates in the prohibited transaction. In
addition, our advisor and possibly other fiduciaries of Benefit
Plan stockholders subject to ERISA who permitted the prohibited
transaction to occur or who otherwise breached their fiduciary
responsibilities (or a non-fiduciary participating in a
prohibited transaction) could be required to restore to the
Benefit Plan any profits they realized as a result of the
transaction or breach and make good to the Benefit Plan any
losses incurred by the Benefit Plan as a result of the
transaction or breach. With respect to an IRA that invests in
our shares, the occurrence of a prohibited transaction involving
the individual who established the IRA, or his or her
beneficiary, would cause the IRA to lose its tax-exempt status
under Section 408(e)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code.
The plan assets regulation provides that the underlying assets
of an entity such as a REIT will be treated as assets of a
Benefit Plan investing therein unless the entity satisfies one
of the exceptions to the general rule. We believe that we will
satisfy one or more of the exceptions to the plan assets
regulation described below.
Exception
for Publicly-Offered Securities
If a Benefit Plan acquires publicly offered securities, the
assets of the issuer of the securities will not be deemed to be
plan assets under the plan assets regulation. The plan assets
regulations define a publicly offered security as a security
that is:
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widely-held;
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freely transferable; and
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either part of a class of securities registered under
Section 12(b) or 12(g) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934, or sold in connection with an effective registration
statement under the Securities Act of 1933, provided the
securities are registered under the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year of
the issuer during which the offering occurred.
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Our shares are being sold as part of an offering of securities
to the public pursuant to an effective registration statement
under the Securities Act of 1933.
The plan assets regulations provide that a security is
widely held only if it is part of a class of
securities that is owned by 100 or more investors independent of
the issuer and one another. A security will not fail to be
widely held because the number of independent investors falls
below 100 subsequent to the initial public offering as a result
of events beyond the issuers control. Although we
anticipate that upon complete of the sale of the maximum
offering, our common stock will be widely held, our
common stock will not be widely held until we sell shares to 100
or more independent stockholders; however, having 100
independent stockholders is not a condition to our selling
shares in this offering.
Whether a security is freely transferable depends upon the
particular facts and circumstances. For example, our shares are
subject to certain restrictions on transferability intended to
ensure that we continue to qualify for federal income tax
treatment as a REIT. The plan assets regulation provides,
however, that where the minimum investment in a public offering
of securities is $10,000 or less, the presence of a restriction
on transferability intended to prohibit transfers that would
result in a termination or reclassification of the entity for
state or federal tax purposes will not ordinarily affect a
determination that such securities are freely transferable. The
minimum investment in our shares is less than $10,000; thus, we
believe the restrictions imposed in order to maintain our status
as a REIT should not cause the shares to be deemed not to be
freely transferable. However, no assurance can be given that the
Department of Labor or the Treasury Department will not reach a
contrary conclusion.
If our common stock is held by 100 or more independent
stockholders, and assuming that no other facts and circumstances
other than those referred to in the preceding paragraph exist
that restrict transferability of our common stock and the
offering takes place as described in this prospectus, our common
stock should constitute publicly offered securities and,
accordingly, we believe our underlying assets should not be
considered plan assets under the plan assets regulation.
Exception
for Operating Companies
Another exception in the plan assets regulations provides that
plan assets will not include any of the underlying
assets of an operating company, including a
real estate operating company or a REOC, or a
venture capital operating company or a VCOC. Under
the plan assets regulation, an entity will qualify VCOC, if
(1) on certain specified testing dates, at least 50% of the
entitys assets, valued at cost, are invested in venture
capital investments, with respect to which the entity has or
obtains direct contractual rights to substantially participate
in the management of such operating company, and (2) the
entity in the ordinary course of its business actually exercises
such management rights. A venture capital investment is an
investment in an operating company, other than a venture capital
operating company. Under the plan assets regulation, an entity
will constitute a REOC, if (1) on certain specified testing
dates, at least 50% of the entitys assets, valued at cost,
are invested in real estate that is managed or developed and
with respect to which the entity has the right to substantially
participate directly in the management or development of the
real estate, and (2) the entity in the ordinary course of
its business is engaged directly in real estate management or
development activities. A REOC can be a venture capital
investment.
In the event that we determine that we fail to meet the publicly
offered securities exception as a result of a failure to sell an
adequate number of shares or the shares do not meet the
requirements to be freely transferable, we intend to qualify as
a VCOC, and our operating partnership will qualify as a REOC.
However, because of the uncertainty of the application of
standards set forth in the plan assets regulation with respect
to the operating company exception and because we currently own
no real estate assets, we cannot assure that we will qualify for
one of the operating company exceptions.
155
Exception
for Insignificant Participation by Benefit Plan
Investors
The plan assets regulation provides that the assets of an entity
will not be deemed to be the assets of a Benefit Plan if equity
participation in the entity by Benefit Plans is not significant.
An equity participation in an entity is not deemed to be
significant if Benefit Plans hold less than 25% of the value of
each class of equity interests in that entity. In calculating
the value of a class of equity interests, the value of any
equity interests held by us or any of our affiliates must be
excluded. Because our common stock will not be widely
held until we sell shares to 100 or more independent
investors, prior to the date that either our common stock
qualifies as a class of publicly-offered securities
or we qualify for another exception to the regulations, other
than the insignificant participation exception, we will prohibit
Benefit Plan stockholders from owning, directly or indirectly,
in the aggregate, 25% or more of our common stock. Although we
expect to qualify for this exception, our organizational
documents do not restrict ownership of each class of equity
interests held by Benefit Plans to less than 25%.
Other
Prohibited Transactions
Regardless of whether the shares qualify for the
publicly-offered security exception of the plan assets
regulation, a prohibited transaction could occur if our advisor,
any selected broker-dealer or any of their affiliates is a
fiduciary (within the meaning of Section 3(21) of ERISA)
with respect to any Benefit Plan purchasing our shares.
Accordingly, unless an administrative or statutory exemption
applies, shares should not be purchased by a Benefit Plan with
respect to which any of the above persons is a fiduciary. A
person is a fiduciary with respect to a Benefit Plan under
Section 3(21) of ERISA if, among other things, the person
has discretionary authority or control with respect to the
Benefit Plan or plan assets or provides investment advice for a
fee with respect to plan assets. Under a regulation issued by
the Department of Labor, a person shall be deemed to be
providing investment advice if that person renders advice as to
the advisability of investing in our shares and that person
regularly provides investment advice to the benefit plan
pursuant to a mutual agreement or understanding (written or
otherwise) (1) that the advice will serve as the primary
basis for investment decisions and (2) that the advice will
be individualized for the benefit plan based on its particular
needs.
Annual
Valuation
A fiduciary of a Benefit Plan subject to ERISA is required to
determine annually the fair market value of each asset of the
plan as of the end of the plans fiscal year and to file a
report reflecting that value with the Department of Labor. When
the fair market value of any particular asset is not available,
the fiduciary is required to make a good faith determination of
that assets fair market value, assuming an orderly
liquidation at the time the determination is made. In addition,
a trustee or custodian of an IRA must provide an IRA participant
with a statement of the value of the IRA each year. In
discharging its obligation to value assets of a plan, a
fiduciary subject to ERISA must act consistently with the
relevant provisions of the plan and the general fiduciary
standards of ERISA.
Unless and until our shares are listed on a national securities
exchange, we do not expect that a public market for our shares
will develop. To date, neither the IRS nor the Department of
Labor has promulgated regulations specifying how a plan
fiduciary should determine the fair market value of shares when
the fair market value of such shares is not determined in the
marketplace. To assist fiduciaries of a Benefit Plan subject to
the annual reporting requirements of ERISA and IRA trustees or
custodians to prepare reports relating to an investment in our
shares, we intend to provide reports of our annual estimates of
the current value of a share of our common stock to those
fiduciaries (including IRA trustees and custodians) who identify
themselves to us and request the reports. We will begin
establishing an estimated value per share of our common stock no
later than six months after the completion of our offering stage
(as defined below). In establishing an estimated value per share
of our common stock, we intend to engage third party appraisers
to provide periodic valuations of our real property assets and
qualified independent valuation experts to provide periodic
valuations of our non-real property assets and liabilities. Our
board of directors will approve the estimated per share value
established by these valuations, and the estimated per share
value will be revised at least annually. We would report this
estimated value per share in our annual report and the three
quarterly
156
reports that we publicly file with the SEC. We will consider our
offering stage complete on the first date that we are no longer
publicly offering equity securities that are not listed on a
national securities exchange, whether through the offering or
follow-on public equity offerings, provided we have not filed a
registration statement for a follow-on public equity offering as
of such date (for purposes of this definition, we do not
consider public equity offerings to include
offerings on behalf of selling stockholders or offerings related
to a distribution reinvestment plan, employee benefit plan or
the redemption of interests in our operating partnership).
With respect to the valuation of our shares, a plan fiduciary or
IRA or similar account trustee or custodian should be aware of
that of the following:
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a value included in the annual statement may not be realized by
us or by our stockholders upon liquidation (in part because the
estimated values do not necessarily indicate the price at which
assets could be sold and because the estimated may not take into
account the expenses of selling our assets);
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you may not realize these values if you were to attempt to sell
your stock; and
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an annual statement of value (or the method used to establish
value) may not comply with the requirements of ERISA or the
Internal Revenue Code.
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IRA and
Keogh Investors
Although IRAs, Keogh plans and similar arrangements are not
subject to ERISA, they are subject to the provisions of
Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code, prohibiting
transactions with disqualified persons and investments and
transactions involving fiduciary conflicts. A prohibited
transaction or conflict of interest could arise if the fiduciary
making the decision to invest has a personal interest in or
affiliation with our company or any of its respective
affiliates. In the case of an IRA, a prohibited transaction or
conflict of interest that involves the beneficiary of the IRA
could result in disqualification of the IRA. A fiduciary for an
IRA who has any personal interest in or affiliation with our
company or any of its respective affiliates, should consult with
his or her tax and legal advisors regarding the impact such
interest may have on an investment in our shares with assets of
the IRA.
Shares sold by us may be purchased or owned by investors who are
investing assets of their IRAs or Keogh plans. Our acceptance of
an investment by an IRA or Keogh plan should not be considered
to be a determination or representation by us or any of our
respective affiliates that such an investment is appropriate for
an IRA or Keogh plan. In consultation with its advisors, each
prospective IRA or Keogh plan investor should carefully consider
whether an investment in our company is appropriate for, and
permissible under, the terms of the governing documents.
Acceptance of subscriptions of any Benefit Plan is in no respect
a representation by us or any other party that such investment
meets the relevant legal requirements with respect to that plan
or that the investment is appropriate for such plan.
157
PLAN OF
DISTRIBUTION
General
We are publicly offering a maximum of $1,650,000,000 in shares
of our common stock in this offering. We are offering up to
150,000,000 shares of our common stock in the primary
offering and up to 15,789,474 shares of our common stock
pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan. Prior to the
conclusion of this offering, if any of the
15,789,474 shares of our common stock initially allocated
to our distribution reinvestment plan remain unsold after
meeting anticipated obligations under our distribution
reinvestment plan, we may decide to sell some or all of such
shares of common stock to the public in the primary offering.
Similarly, prior to the conclusion of this offering, if the
15,789,474 shares of our common stock initially allocated
to our distribution reinvestment plan have been purchased and we
anticipate additional demand for shares of common stock under
our distribution reinvestment plan, we may choose to reallocate
some or all of the 150,000,000 shares of our common stock
allocated to be offered in the primary offering to our
distribution reinvestment plan. Shares of our common stock are
being offered to the public in the primary offering at an
initial price of $10.00 per share, with discounts available for
certain categories of purchasers, subject to adjustment if we
extend this offering beyond two years from the date of its
commencement, as described below. Shares of our common stock
issued to our stockholders pursuant to the distribution
reinvestment plan will be sold at an initial price of $9.50 per
share, subject to adjustment if we extend this offering beyond
two years from the date of its commencement, as described below.
We expect to sell the 150,000,000 shares of our common
stock offered in the primary offering over a two-year period. If
we have not sold all of the shares to be offered in the primary
offering within two years from the date of this prospectus, we
may continue the primary offering until July 9, 2013 (three
years from the date of this prospectus). Under rules promulgated
by the SEC, in some circumstances we could continue the primary
offering until as late as January 15, 2014. If we decide to
continue the primary offering beyond two years from the date of
this prospectus, we will provide that information in a
prospectus supplement. In many states, we will need to renew the
registration statement or file a new registration statement to
continue this offering beyond one year from the date of this
prospectus. We may terminate this offering at any time.
Because this is a best efforts offering, Steadfast
Capital Markets Group, LLC, or Steadfast Capital Markets Group,
the dealer manager, and the participating broker-dealers, must
use only their best efforts to sell our shares of common stock
and have no firm commitment or obligation to purchase any of our
shares of common stock. Other than serving as dealer manager for
this offering, Steadfast Capital Markets Group has no experience
acting as a dealer manager for a public offering. We will pay
the dealer manager a sales commission and a dealer manager fee,
as discussed below. Our agreement with the dealer manager may be
terminated by either party upon 60 days written
notice. For additional information about the dealer manager,
including information related to its affiliation with us and our
advisor, see Management Affiliated Dealer
Manager, and Conflicts of Interest
Affiliated Dealer Manager and Certain
Conflict Resolution Measures.
Offering
Price
Shares of our common stock are being offered to the public in
the primary offering at an initial price of $10.00 per share,
with discounts available for certain categories of purchasers,
and shares of our common stock issued to our stockholders
pursuant to the distribution reinvestment plan will be sold at
an initial price of $9.50 per share. If we extend this offering
beyond two years from the date of its commencement, our board of
directors may, in its sole discretion, from time to time, change
the price at which we offer shares to the public in the primary
offering or pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan. In
such event, we expect that our board of directors would consider
changes in our estimated net asset value per share, as
calculated by our advisor, and other factors that our board of
directors deems relevant, including, but not limited to, our
historical and anticipated results of operations and financial
conditions, our current and anticipated distribution payments,
yields and offering prices of other real estate companies we
deem to be substantially similar to us, our current and
anticipated capital and debt structure, the recommendations and
assessment of our prospects made by our advisor and expected
execution of our investment and operating strategies. If we
determine to change the price at which we offer shares, we do
not anticipate that we will do so more frequently than
158
quarterly. The adjusted offering price may not be indicative of
the price our stockholders would receive if they sold our shares
in an arms-length transaction, if our shares were actively
traded or if we were liquidated. In addition, the proceeds
received from a liquidation of our assets may be substantially
less than the offering price of our shares because certain fees
and costs associated with this offering may be added to our
estimated net asset value per share in connection with changing
the offering price of our shares.
In the event that we revise the offering price in the primary
offering or pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan, we
will disclose the factors considered by our board of directors
in determining such revised offering price in a supplement to
this prospectus. We have no obligation to adjust the offering
price of our shares and any adjustment to the price at which we
offer shares in the primary offering or pursuant to our
distribution reinvestment plan will be made in the sole and
absolute discretion of our board of directors.
Dealer
Manager and Participating Broker-Dealer Compensation and
Terms
Except as provided below, Steadfast Capital Markets Group, the
dealer manager, will receive a sales commission of 6.5% of the
gross proceeds from the sale of shares of our common stock in
the primary offering. The dealer manager will also receive 3.5%
of the gross proceeds from the sale of shares of our common
stock in the primary offering in the form of a dealer manager
fee as compensation for acting as the dealer manager. We will
not pay any sales commission or dealer manager fee for shares of
our common stock sold pursuant to our distribution reinvestment
plan.
The dealer manager will authorize other broker-dealers who are
members of FINRA to sell shares of our common stock. The dealer
manager will re-allow all of its sales commissions from the sale
of shares of our common stock in the primary offering to
participating broker-dealers with respect to the shares of our
common stock sold by them. The dealer manager, in its sole
discretion, may also re-allow to participating broker-dealers a
portion of its dealer manager fee for reimbursement of marketing
expenses. The amount of the re-allowance payable to any
participating broker-dealer will be based on such factors as the
number of shares of our common stock sold by the participating
broker-dealer and the assistance of such participating
broker-dealer in marketing this offering. We will also reimburse
the dealer manager for reimbursements it may make to
participating broker-dealers for bona fide due diligence
expenses that are included in detailed and itemized invoices.
In addition, to the extent we do not pay the full sales
commission or dealer manager fee for shares of our common stock
sold in the primary offering, we may also reimburse costs of
bona fide training and education meetings held by us (primarily
the travel, meal and lodging costs of registered representatives
of broker-dealers), attendance and sponsorship fees and cost
reimbursement of employees of our affiliates to attend seminars
conducted by broker-dealers and, in special cases, reimbursement
to participating broker-dealers for technology costs associated
with this offering, costs and expenses related to such
technology costs, and costs and expenses associated with the
facilitation of the marketing of our shares and the ownership of
our shares by such broker-dealers customers; provided,
however, that we will not pay any of the foregoing costs to the
extent that such payment would cause total underwriting
compensation to exceed 10% of the gross proceeds of the primary
offering, as required by the rules of FINRA.
The table below sets forth the nature and estimated amount of
all items viewed as underwriting compensation by
FINRA, assuming we sell all of the shares of our common stock
offered hereby. To show the maximum amount of dealer manager and
participating broker-dealer compensation that we may pay in this
offering, the table below assumes that all shares are sold
through distribution channels associated with the highest
possible sales commissions and dealer manager fee.
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Expense
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Amount
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Sales commissions
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$
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97,500,000
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Dealer manager fee
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52,500,000
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Total
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$
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150,000,000
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To the extent permitted by law and our charter, we will
indemnify the dealer manager and participating broker-dealers
against certain liabilities arising under the Securities Act and
certain liabilities arising from breaches of our representations
and warranties contained in the dealer manager agreement.
Volume
Discounts
In connection with sales of over $500,000 in shares of our
common stock to a qualifying purchaser (as defined below), a
participating broker-dealer may offer such qualifying purchaser
a volume discount by reducing the amount of the participating
broker-dealers sales commissions. Such reduction would be
credited to the qualifying purchaser by reducing the total
purchase price payable by the qualifying purchaser for the
shares of our common stock purchased by the qualifying
purchaser. The net proceeds to us from sales of our common stock
eligible for a volume discount will be the same as other sales
of our common stock.
The following table illustrates the various discount levels that
may be offered to qualifying purchasers by participating
broker-dealers for shares purchased in the primary offering:
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Purchase
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Sales
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Price per
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Dollar Volume
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Commission
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Share to
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of Shares Purchased
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Percentage
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Investor
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$500,000 or less
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6.5%
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$
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10.00
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$500,001 $1,000,000
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5.5%
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$
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9.90
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$1,000,001 $2,000,000
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4.5%
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$
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9.80
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$2,000,001 $3,000,000
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3.5%
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$
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9.70
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$3,000,001 $5,000,000
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2.5%
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$
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9.60
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$5,000,001 and above
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1.5%
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$
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9.50
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All sales commission rates set forth in the table above are
calculated assuming a purchase price per share of common stock
of $10.00. We will apply the reduced per share purchase price
and sales commission set forth in the table above to the entire
purchase, not just the portion of the purchase which exceeds the
$500,000 share purchase threshold. For example, a purchase
of 200,000 shares of our common stock in a single
transaction would result in a purchase price of $1,960,000
($9.80 per share) and sales commissions of $90,000.
To qualify for a volume discount as a result of multiple
purchases of shares of our common stock, an investor must use
the same participating broker-dealer for each purchase and must
mark the Additional Investment space on the
subscription agreement. We are not responsible for failing to
combine multiple purchases for the purposes of qualifying for a
volume discount if an investor fails to mark the
Additional Investment space on the subscription
agreement. Once an investor qualifies for a volume discount, the
investor will be eligible to receive the benefit of such
discount for subsequent purchases of shares in the primary
offering made through the same participating broker-dealer. If a
subsequent purchase entitles an investor to an increased
reduction in sales commissions, the volume discount will apply
only to the current and future investments.
The following persons qualify as a qualifying
purchaser, and, to the extent purchased through the same
participating broker-dealer, may combine their purchases as a
single qualifying purchaser for the purpose of
qualifying for a volume discount:
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an individual, his or her spouse, their children under the age
of 21 and all pension or trust funds established by each such
individual;
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a corporation, partnership, association, joint-stock company,
trust fund or any organized group of persons, whether
incorporated or not;
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an employees trust, pension, profit-sharing or other
employee benefit plan qualified under Section 401(a) of the
Internal Revenue Code; and
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all commingled trust funds maintained by a given bank.
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160
In the event a person wishes to have his or her subscription
combined with others as a single qualifying purchaser, that
person must request such treatment in writing at the time of
that persons subscription and identify the subscriptions
to be combined. Any combination request will be subject to our
verification that the subscriptions to be combined are made by a
single qualifying purchaser. If the subscription agreements for
the combined subscriptions of a single qualifying purchaser are
submitted at the same time, then the sales commissions payable
and the discounted share purchase price will be allocated pro
rata among the combined subscriptions on the basis of the
respective subscription amounts being combined. Otherwise, the
volume discount provisions will apply only to the subscription
that qualifies the single qualifying purchaser for the volume
discount and the subsequent subscriptions of that single
qualifying purchaser.
Only shares of our common stock purchased in the primary
offering are eligible for volume discounts. Shares purchased
through our distribution reinvestment plan will not be eligible
for a volume discount or count toward aggregate purchase amounts
for the purposes of determining which purchase price discount
level an investor is eligible for.
Volume discounts for residents of the State of California will
be available in accordance with the volume discount levels set
forth in the table above. However, with respect to residents of
the State of California, no volume discounts will be granted to
any group of purchasers and no subscriptions may be aggregated
as part of a combined subscription for purposes of determining
the dollar amount of shares purchased.
Other
Discounts
The dealer manager has agreed to sell up to 5.0% of the shares
of our common stock offered in the primary offering to persons
to be identified by us at a discount from the public offering
price. We will sell shares in this friends and
family program at $9.10 per share, which price reflects
that no sales commission will be charged on such sales and that
the dealer manager fee will be reduced to 1.0% in connection
with such sales. We intend to use the friends and family program
to sell shares of our common to certain investors identified by
us, including investors who have a prior business relationship
with our sponsor, such as real estate brokers, joint venture
partners and their employees, title insurance company
executives, surveyors, attorneys and similar individuals, as
well as our directors and officers and the officers and
employees of our advisor and its affiliates. The net proceeds to
us from sales of our common stock to persons identified by us
pursuant to the friends and family program net of commissions
and the reduced dealer manager fee will be substantially the
same as the net proceeds we receive from other sales of shares
of our common stock.
Certain institutional investors and our affiliates may also
agree with a participating broker-dealer selling shares of our
common stock (or with the dealer manager) to reduce or eliminate
the sales commission and the dealer manager fee. The amount of
net proceeds to us will not be affected by reducing or
eliminating sales commissions and the dealer manager fee payable
in connection with sales to such institutional investors and
affiliates.
Investors may also agree with the participating broker-dealer
selling them shares (or with the dealer manager) to reduce the
amount of sales commission to zero (1) in the event the
investor has engaged the services of a registered investment
advisor with whom the investor has agreed to pay a fee for
investment advisory services or (2) in the event the
investor is investing in a bank trust account with respect to
which the investor has delegated the decision-making authority
for investments made in the account to a bank trust department.
The amount of net proceeds would not be affected by eliminating
commissions payable in connection with sales to investors
purchasing through such registered investment advisors or bank
trust department. All such sales must be made through registered
broker-dealers. Neither the dealer manager nor its affiliates
will directly or indirectly compensate any person engaged as an
investment advisor or a bank trust department by a potential
investor as an inducement for such investment advisor or bank
trust department to advise favorably for an investment in shares
of our common stock.
161
We may also sell shares at a discount to the primary offering
purchase price through the following distribution channels in
the event that the investor:
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|
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|
pays a broker a single fee, e.g., a percentage of assets under
management, for investment advisory and broker services, which
is frequently referred to as a wrap fee;
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|
has engaged the services of a registered investment advisor with
whom the investor has agreed to pay compensation for investment
advisory services or other financial or investment advice (other
than a registered investment advisor that is also registered as
a broker-dealer who does not have a fixed or wrap
fee feature or other asset fee arrangement with the
investor); or
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is investing through a bank acting as trustee or fiduciary.
|
If an investor purchases shares of our common stock through one
of these channels in the primary offering, we will sell the
shares at a 6.5% discount, or at $9.35 per share, reflecting
that sales commissions will not be paid in connection with such
purchases. We will receive substantially the same net proceeds
for sales of shares through these channels as we do for other
sales of shares. Neither the dealer manager nor its affiliates
will compensate any person engaged as an investment advisor by a
potential investor as an inducement for such investment advisor
to advise favorably for an investment in us.
Subscription
Procedures
To purchase shares of our common stock in this offering, an
investor must complete and sign a subscription agreement (in the
form attached to this prospectus as Appendix B) for a
specific number of shares and pay for the shares at the time of
subscription. Investors should make their checks payable to
Steadfast Income REIT, Inc. Subscriptions will be
effective only upon our acceptance, and we reserve the right to
reject any subscription in whole or in part for any or no
reason. Subscription payments will be deposited into a special
account in our name under the joint authorization of the dealer
manager and us until such time as we have accepted or rejected
the subscriptions. We will accept or reject subscriptions within
30 days of our receipt of such subscriptions and, if
rejected, we will return all funds to the rejected subscribers
without interest and without deduction within 10 business days
from the date the subscription is rejected. If an
investors subscription is accepted, the subscription funds
will be transferred into our general account and the investor
will receive a notice of our acceptance and a confirmation of
its purchase.
Investors are required to represent in the subscription
agreement that they have received a copy of this prospectus. In
order to ensure that an investor has had sufficient time to
review this prospectus, we will not accept an investors
subscription until at least five business days after the
investors receipt of the final prospectus.
An approved trustee must process and forward to us subscriptions
made through IRAs, Keogh plans and 401(k) plans. In the case of
investments through IRAs, Keogh plans and 401(k) plans, we will
send the confirmation and notice of our acceptance of the
subscription to the trustee.
Suitability
Standards
Our sponsor, those selling shares on our behalf and
participating broker-dealers and registered investment advisors
recommending the purchase of shares in this offering have the
responsibility to make every reasonable effort to determine that
the purchase of shares of our common stock in this offering by
an investor is a suitable and appropriate investment for the
investor based on information provided by the investor regarding
its financial situation and investment objectives. In making
this determination, these persons have the responsibility to
ascertain that an investor:
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meets the minimum income and net worth standards set forth under
Suitability Standards immediately following the
cover page of this prospectus;
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can reasonably benefit from an investment in our shares of
common stock based on the investors overall investment
objectives and portfolio structure;
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162
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|
is able to bear the economic risk of the investment based on the
investors overall financial situation;
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|
is in a financial position appropriate to enable the investor to
realize the benefits of an investment in our shares of common
stock, as described in this prospectus; and
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has an apparent understanding of:
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|
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the fundamental risks of an investment in shares of our common
stock;
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|
the risk that an investor may lose its entire investment in
shares of our common stock;
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|
the lack of liquidity of shares of our common stock;
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|
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|
the restrictions on transferability of shares of our common
stock;
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|
the background and qualifications of our sponsors and its
affiliates; and
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the tax consequences of an investment in shares of our common
stock.
|
Relevant information for this purpose will include, but not be
limited to, an investors age, investment objectives,
investment experience, income, net worth, overall financial
situation and other investments, as well as any other relevant
factors. Our sponsor, those selling shares of our common stock
on our behalf and participating broker-dealers and registered
investment advisors recommending the purchase of shares of our
common stock in this offering must maintain, for a six-year
period, records of the information used to determine that an
investment in shares is suitable and appropriate for an investor.
Until our shares of common stock are listed on a national
securities exchange, subsequent purchasers, i.e., potential
purchasers of shares acquired by an investor, must also meet the
net worth or income standards set forth under Suitability
Standards immediately following the cover page of this
prospectus.
Minimum
Purchase Requirements
An investor must initially subscribe for at least $4,000 in our
shares of common stock to be eligible to participate in this
offering. Unless otherwise prohibited by state law, a husband
and wife may jointly contribute funds from their separate IRAs
in order to satisfy this minimum purchase requirement, provided
that each such contribution is made in increments of $100.
Investors should be aware that an investment in our shares will
not, in and of itself, create a retirement plan and that, in
order to create a retirement plan, an investor must also comply
with all applicable provisions of the Internal Revenue Code.
After an investor has satisfied the applicable minimum purchase
requirement, any additional purchases must be in increments of
at least $100, with the exception of purchases made pursuant to
our distribution reinvestment plan, which are not subject to any
minimum purchase requirement.
Investments
through IRA Accounts
Pershing, LLC has agreed to act as an IRA custodian for
purchasers of our common stock who would like to purchase shares
though an IRA account and desire to establish a new IRA account
for that purpose. Investors will be responsible for the annual
IRA maintenance fees. Further information about custodial
services is available through your broker-dealer or through the
dealer manager at 1-888-367-2563.
163
SUPPLEMENTAL
SALES MATERIAL
In addition to this prospectus, we may utilize certain sales
material in connection with the offering of shares of our common
stock, although only when accompanied by or preceded by the
delivery of this prospectus. In certain jurisdictions, some or
all of such sales material may not be available. This material
may include information relating to this offering, the past
performance of Steadfast Companies and its affiliates, property
brochures and articles and publications concerning real estate.
The offering of shares of our common stock is made only by means
of this prospectus. Although the information contained in such
sales material will not conflict with any of the information
contained in this prospectus, such material does not purport to
be complete, and should not be considered a part of this
prospectus or the registration statement of which this
prospectus is a part.
LEGAL
MATTERS
The legality of the shares of our common stock being offered
hereby has been passed upon for us by Venable LLP.
Alston & Bird LLP has reviewed the statements relating
to certain federal income tax matters under the caption
Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations
and passed upon our qualification as a REIT for federal income
tax purposes.
EXPERTS
The consolidated balance sheet of Steadfast Income REIT, Inc. as
of December 31, 2009 included in this prospectus and
registration statement has been audited by Ernst &
Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as
set forth in their report thereon appearing elsewhere herein,
and is included in reliance upon such report given upon the
authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION
We have filed a registration statement on
Form S-11
with the SEC with respect to the shares of our common stock to
be issued in this offering. This prospectus is a part of that
registration statement, and, as permitted under SEC rules, does
not contain all the information you can find in the registration
statement or the exhibits to the registration statement. We
refer you to the registration statement and the exhibits to the
registration statement for additional information relating to
us. Statements contained in this prospectus as to the contents
of any agreement or other document are only summaries of such
agreement or document and in each instance, if we have filed the
agreement or document as an exhibit to the registration
statement, we refer you to the copy of the agreement or document
filed as an exhibit to the registration statement.
Upon the effectiveness of the registration statement, we will
file reports, proxy statements and other information with the
SEC pursuant to the Exchange Act. The registration statement is,
and any of these future filings with the SEC will be, publicly
available over the Internet on the SECs website
(http://www.sec.gov).You
may also read and copy the registration statement, the exhibits
to the registration statement and the reports, proxy statements
and other information we will file with the SEC at the
SECs public reference room at 100 F Street,
N.E., Washington, DC 20549. Please call the SEC at
1-800-SEC-0330
for further information regarding the operation of the public
reference room.
164
You may also request a copy of the registration statement, the
exhibits to the registration statement and the reports, proxy
statements and other information we will file with the SEC at no
cost, by writing or telephoning us at:
18100 Von Karman Avenue
Suite 500
Irvine, California 92612
Attn: Investor Relations
Within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year we will
provide to our stockholders of record an annual report. The
annual report will contain audited financial statements and
certain other financial and narrative information that we are
required to provide to stockholders.
We also maintain a website at www.SteadfastREITs.com,
where there may be additional information about our business,
although the contents of that website are not incorporated by
reference in or otherwise made a part of this prospectus.
165
Report of
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of
Steadfast Income REIT, Inc.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of
Steadfast Income REIT, Inc. (formerly Steadfast Secure Income
REIT, Inc.) (the Company) as of December 31,
2009. The consolidated balance sheet is the responsibility of
the Companys management. Our responsibility is to express
an opinion on the consolidated balance sheet based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the
Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those
standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated balance
sheet is free of material misstatement. We were not engaged to
perform an audit of the Companys internal control over
financing reporting. Our audit included consideration of
internal control over financial reporting as a basis for
designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the
circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion
on the effectiveness of the Companys internal control over
financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An
audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence
supporting the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated
balance sheet, assessing the accounting principles used and
significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the
overall consolidated balance sheet presentation. We believe that
our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated balance sheet referred to above
presents fairly, in all material respects, the financial
position of Steadfast Income REIT, Inc. at December 31,
2009 in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting
principles.
Irvine, California
February 3, 2010
F-2
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March 31,
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December 31,
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2010
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2009
|
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(Unaudited)
|
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|
|
|
|
ASSETS
|
Cash and cash equivalents
|
|
$
|
1,684,341
|
|
|
$
|
202,007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets
|
|
$
|
1,684,341
|
|
|
$
|
202,007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
|
Liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
Commitments and Contingencies
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equity
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
Stockholders equity:
|
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Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share;
100,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding
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|
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Common stock, $0.01 par value per share;
999,999,000 shares authorized, 197,440 and
22,223 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2010
and December 31, 2009, respectively
|
|
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1,974
|
|
|
|
222
|
|
Convertible stock, $0.01 par value per share;
1,000 shares authorized, 1,000 shares issued and
outstanding as of March 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009
|
|
|
10
|
|
|
|
10
|
|
Additional paid-in capital
|
|
|
1,681,357
|
|
|
|
200,775
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total stockholders equity
|
|
|
1,683,341
|
|
|
|
201,007
|
|
Non-controlling interest
|
|
|
1,000
|
|
|
|
1,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total equity
|
|
|
1,684,341
|
|
|
|
202,007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities and equity
|
|
$
|
1,684,341
|
|
|
$
|
202,007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to consolidated balance sheets.
F-3
Steadfast Income REIT, Inc. (formerly Steadfast Secure Income
REIT, Inc.) (the Company) was formed on May 4,
2009, as a Maryland corporation that intends to qualify as a
real estate investment trust (REIT). Substantially
all of the Companys business is expected to be conducted
through Steadfast Income REIT Operating Partnership, L.P., a
Delaware limited partnership (the Operating
Partnership), formed on July 6, 2009. The Company is
the sole general partner of and owns a 0.01% partnership
interest in the Operating Partnership. Steadfast Income
Advisors, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the
Advisor), formed on May 1, 2009, owns the
remaining 99.99% partnership interest in the Operating
Partnership and is its sole limited partner. Allocations of
income and distributions of cash will be made to each partner in
proportion to their respective partnership interest. The Advisor
has invested $1,000 in the Operating Partnership in exchange for
limited partnership interests. The Company executed an Amended
and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement of the Operating
Partnership with the Advisor (the Amended Agreement)
on September 28, 2009. Pursuant to the Amended Agreement
the Company will contribute funds as necessary to the Operating
Partnership. Thereafter, the Operating Partnership will allocate
income and distribute cash to each partner in proportion to
their respective ownership interests.
Subject to certain restrictions and limitations, the business of
the Company will be externally managed by the Advisor, pursuant
to an advisory agreement the Company executed with the Advisor
on September 28, 2009 (the Advisory Agreement).
On June 12, 2009, the Company issued 22,223 shares of
common stock to Steadfast REIT Investments, LLC (the
Sponsor) at a purchase price of $9.00 per share for
an aggregate purchase price of $200,007. On July 10, 2009,
the Advisor invested $1,000 in the Company in exchange for
1,000 shares of convertible stock (the Convertible
Stock) as described in Note 3. As of July 10,
2009, the 1,000 shares of Convertible Stock and the
22,223 shares of common stock owned by the Advisor and
Sponsor, respectively, were the only issued and outstanding
shares of the Company.
The Company expects to invest in and manage a diverse portfolio
of real estate investments located throughout the United States,
primarily in the multifamily sector. In addition to the
Companys focus on multifamily properties, the Company may
also selectively invest in industrial properties and other types
of commercial properties. The Company may also acquire or
originate mortgage, mezzanine, bridge and other real estate
loans and equity securities of other real estate companies.
On October 13, 2009, the Company commenced a private
offering of up to $94,000,000 in shares of the Companys
common stock, subject to an option to increase the offering by
up to $18,800,000 in shares of common stock, at a purchase price
of $9.40 per share (with discounts available for certain
categories of purchasers) (the Private Offering).
The Company is offering shares of common stock for sale in the
Private Offering pursuant to a confidential private placement
memorandum and only to persons that are accredited
investors, as that term is defined under the Securities
Act of 1933, as amended, and Regulation D promulgated
thereunder. As of March 31, 2010 and December 31,
2009, 175,217 and zero shares had been sold in the Private
Offering, respectively. The Company intends to terminate the
Private Offering upon the commencement of the Companys
registered public offering (the Public Offering).
In the Public Offering, the Company intends to offer a maximum
of 150,000,000 shares of common stock for sale to the
public at an initial price of $10.00 per share. The Company also
intends to offer up to 15,789,474 shares pursuant to the
Companys distribution reinvestment plan (the
DRP) at an initial price of $9.50 per share. If the
Company extends the Public Offering beyond two years from the
date of its commencement, the Companys board of directors
may, from time to time, in its sole discretion, change the price
at which the Company offers shares to the public in the Public
Offering or to its stockholders pursuant to the DRP to reflect
changes in the Companys estimated net asset value per
share and other factors that the
F-4
STEADFAST
INCOME REIT, INC.
(formerly Steadfast Secure Income REIT, Inc.)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED BALANCE
SHEETS (Continued)
As of March 31, 2010
(Unaudited)
Companys board of directors deems relevant. The Company
may reallocate the shares between the Public Offering and the
DRP.
The Company intends to retain Steadfast Capital Markets Group
LLC (the Dealer Manager), an affiliate of the
Company, to serve as the dealer manager of the Public Offering.
The Dealer Manager will be responsible for marketing the
Companys shares of common stock being offered pursuant to
the Public Offering. The Company intends to use substantially
all of the net proceeds from the Public Offering to invest in a
diverse portfolio of real estate and real estate-related assets
as described above.
From inception to March 31, 2010, neither the Company nor
the Operating Partnership had purchased or contracted to
purchase any properties or other investments. Additionally, the
Advisor had not identified any properties or other investments
in which there is a reasonable probability that the Company or
the Operating Partnership will invest.
As the Company accepts subscriptions for shares of its common
stock, it will transfer substantially all of the net proceeds of
the Public Offering to the Operating Partnership as a capital
contribution. The partnership agreement provides that the
Operating Partnership will be operated in a manner that will
enable the Company to (1) satisfy the requirements for
being classified as a REIT for tax purposes, (2) avoid any
federal income or excise tax liability, and (3) ensure that
the Operating Partnership will not be classified as a
publicly traded partnership for purposes of
Section 7704 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as
amended (the Internal Revenue Code), which
classification could result in the Operating Partnership being
taxed as a corporation, rather than as a partnership. In
addition to the administrative and operating costs and expenses
incurred by the Operating Partnership in acquiring and operating
real properties, the Operating Partnership will pay all of the
Companys administrative costs and expenses, and such
expenses will be treated as expenses of the Operating
Partnership.
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2.
|
Summary
of Significant Accounting Policies
|
Consolidation
The consolidated balance sheet includes the accounts of the
Company and the Operating Partnership. All significant
intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated in
consolidation. The financial statements of the Companys
subsidiaries are prepared using accounting policies consistent
with those of the Company. The Company will consider future
majority owned and controlled joint ventures for consolidation
in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in
the United States (GAAP), including Financial
Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification
(ASC) Topic 810, Consolidation.
Use of
Estimates
The preparation of the consolidated balance sheet in conformity
with GAAP requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions
that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated balance
sheet and accompanying notes. Actual results could materially
differ from those estimates.
Cash
and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased
with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash
equivalents. Cash equivalents may include cash and short-term
investments. Short-term investments are stated at cost, which
approximates fair value. As of December 31, 2009, the
Companys cash on deposit was 100% within the federally
insured limits. As of March 31, 2010, the Company had
approximately $1.4 million in excess of federally insured
limits in deposit accounts with a financial institution. The
Company limits such deposits to financial institutions with high
credit standing. There are no restrictions on the use of the
Companys cash as of March 31, 2010 and
December 31, 2009.
F-5
STEADFAST
INCOME REIT, INC.
(formerly Steadfast Secure Income REIT, Inc.)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED BALANCE
SHEETS (Continued)
As of March 31, 2010
(Unaudited)
Real
Estate Assets
Depreciation
Real estate costs related to the acquisition, development,
construction, and improvement of properties will be capitalized.
Repair and maintenance costs will be charged to expense as
incurred and significant replacements and betterments will be
capitalized. Repair and maintenance costs include all costs that
do not extend the useful life of the real estate asset. The
Company considers the period of future benefit of an asset to
determine its appropriate useful life. The Company anticipates
the estimated useful lives of its assets by class to be
generally as follows:
|
|
|
Buildings
|
|
25-40 years
|
Building improvements
|
|
10-25 years
|
Tenant improvements
|
|
Shorter of lease term or expected useful life
|
Tenant origination and absorption costs
|
|
Remaining term of related lease
|
Furniture, fixtures, and equipment
|
|
7-10 years
|
Real
Estate Purchase Price Allocation
In accordance with ASC Topic 805, Business
Combinations, the Company will record above-market and
below-market in-place lease values for acquired properties based
on the present value (using an interest rate that reflects the
risks associated with the leases acquired) of the difference
between (i) the contractual amounts to be paid pursuant to
the in-place leases and (ii) the Companys estimate of
fair market lease rates for the corresponding in-place leases,
measured over a period equal to the remaining non-cancelable
term of the lease. The Company will amortize any capitalized
above-market or below-market lease values as an increase or
reduction to rental income over the remaining non-cancelable
terms of the respective leases. Acquisition costs will be
generally be expensed as incurred.
The Company will measure the aggregate value of other intangible
assets acquired based on the difference between (i) the
property valued with existing in-place leases adjusted to market
rental rates and (ii) the property valued as if vacant. The
Companys estimates of value are expected to be made using
methods similar to those used by independent appraisers (e.g.,
discounted cash flow analysis). Factors to be considered by the
Company in its analysis include an estimate of carrying costs
during hypothetical expected
lease-up
periods, considering current market conditions and costs to
execute similar leases.
The Company will also consider information obtained about each
property as a result of its pre-acquisition due diligence,
marketing and leasing activities in estimating the fair value of
the tangible and intangible assets acquired. In estimating
carrying costs, the Company will also include real estate taxes,
insurance and other operating expenses and estimates of lost
rentals at market rates during the expected
lease-up
periods. The Company will also estimate costs to execute similar
leases including leasing commissions and legal and other related
expenses to the extent that such costs are not already incurred
in connection with a new lease origination as part of the
transaction.
The total amount of other intangible assets acquired will be
further allocated to in-place lease values and customer
relationship intangible values based on the Companys
evaluation of the specific characteristics of each tenants
lease and the Companys overall relationship with that
respective tenant. Characteristics to be considered by the
Company in allocating these values include the nature and extent
of the Companys existing business relationships with the
tenant, growth prospects for developing new business with the
tenant, the
F-6
STEADFAST
INCOME REIT, INC.
(formerly Steadfast Secure Income REIT, Inc.)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED BALANCE
SHEETS (Continued)
As of March 31, 2010
(Unaudited)
tenants credit quality and expectations of lease renewals
(including those existing under the terms of the lease
agreement), among other factors.
The Company will amortize the value of in-place leases to
expense over the initial term of the respective leases. The
value of customer relationship intangibles will be amortized to
expense over the initial term and any renewal periods in the
respective leases, but in no event will the amortization period
for the intangible assets exceed the remaining depreciable life
of the building. Should a tenant terminate its lease, the
unamortized portion of the in-place lease value and customer
relationship intangibles would be charged to expense in that
period.
Impairment
of Real Estate Assets
The Company will continually monitor events and changes in
circumstances that could indicate that the carrying amounts of
its real estate and related intangible assets may not be
recoverable. When indicators of potential impairment suggest
that the carrying value of real estate and related intangible
assets may not be recoverable, the Company will assess the
recoverability of the assets by estimating whether the Company
will recover the carrying value of the asset through its
undiscounted future cash flows and its eventual disposition. If
based on this analysis the Company does not be that it will be
able to recover the carrying value of the asset, the Company
will record an impairment loss to the extent that the carrying
value exceeds the estimated fair value of the asset as defined
by ASC Topic 360, Property, Plant and Equipment
(ASC 360).
Real
Estate Loans Receivable and Loan Loss Reserves
Real estate loans will be classified as held for investment
based on the Companys intent and ability to hold the loans
for the foreseeable future. Real estate loans held for
investment will be recorded at amortized cost and evaluated for
impairment at each balance sheet date. The amortized cost of a
loan is the outstanding unpaid principal balance, net of
unamortized acquisition premiums or discounts and unamortized
costs and fees directly associated with the origination or
acquisition of the loan. The real estate loans receivable will
be reviewed for potential impairment at each balance sheet date.
A loan receivable is considered impaired when it becomes
probable, based on current information, that the Company will be
unable to collect all amounts due according to the loans
contractual terms. The amount of impairment, if any, is measured
by comparing the recorded amount of the loan receivable to the
present value of the expected cash flows or the fair value of
the collateral. If a loan was deemed to be impaired, the Company
would record a reserve for loan losses through a charge to
income for any shortfall.
The Company will record real estate loans held for sale at the
lower of amortized cost or fair value. The Company will
determine fair value for loans held for sale by using current
secondary market information for loans with similar terms and
credit quality. If current secondary market information is not
available, the Company will consider other factors in estimating
fair value, including modeled valuations using assumptions the
Company believes a reasonable market participant would use in
valuing similar assets (assumptions may include loss rates,
prepayment rates, interest rates and credit spreads). If fair
value is lower than the amortized cost basis of the loan, the
Company will record a valuation allowance to write the loan down
to fair value.
Rents
and Other Receivables
The Company will periodically evaluate the collectibility of
amounts due from tenants and maintain an allowance for doubtful
accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of
tenants to make required payments under lease agreements. The
Company will maintain an allowance for deferred rent receivable
that arises from the straight-lining of rents in accordance with
ASC Topic 840, Leases. The Company will exercise
F-7
STEADFAST
INCOME REIT, INC.
(formerly Steadfast Secure Income REIT, Inc.)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED BALANCE
SHEETS (Continued)
As of March 31, 2010
(Unaudited)
judgment in establishing these allowances and consider payment
history and current credit status of its tenants in developing
these estimates.
Marketable
Real Estate-Related Assets
The Company will classify certain real estate-related assets in
accordance with ASC Topic 320, Investments
Debt and Equity Securities. The Company will record
available-for-sale
investments at fair value with unrealized gains and losses, net
of deferred taxes, recorded to accumulated other comprehensive
income (loss) within stockholders equity. Estimated fair
values will generally be based on quoted market prices, when
available, or on estimates provided by independent pricing
sources or dealers who make markets in such investments. If the
Company is unable to obtain prices for its investments from
third parties, or conclude that prices obtained from third
parties are influenced by distressed market activity, the
Company will perform internal valuations to arrive at a fair
value measurement that is consistent with ASC Topic 820,
Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures. Generally,
changes in the fair value of
available-for-sale
investments will not affect reported earnings or cash flows, but
will impact stockholders equity and, accordingly, book
value per share. Upon the sale of an investment, the Company
will reverse the unrealized gain (loss) from accumulated
comprehensive income and record the realized gain (loss) to
earnings. Investments classified as
held-to-maturity
will be recorded at amortized cost with acquisition premiums and
discounts amortized to interest income over the life of the
security using the effective interest method.
The Company will monitor
available-for-sale
and
held-to-maturity
investments for impairment on a quarterly basis. The Company
will recognize an impairment loss when the Company determines
that a decline in the estimated fair value of a investment below
its amortized cost is
other-than-temporary.
The Company will consider many factors in determining whether
the impairment of an investment is deemed to be
other-than-temporary,
including, but not limited to, the length of time the investment
has had a decline in estimated fair value below its amortized
cost, the amount of the unrealized loss, the intent and ability
to hold the investment for a period of time sufficient for a
recovery in value, recent events specific to the issuer or
industry, external credit ratings, and recent changes in such
ratings. Determining whether impairment of an investment is
other-than-temporary
involves a significant amount of judgment by the Company.
The Company will account for certain purchased real
estate-related assets that are beneficial interests in
securitized financial assets that are rated below AA
in accordance with ASC Topic 325, Investments
Other (ASC 325). Under ASC 325, the Company
will review on a quarterly basis, the projected future cash
flows of these investments for changes in assumptions due to
prepayments, credit loss experience and other factors. When
significant changes in estimated cash flows from the cash flows
previously estimated occur due to actual prepayment and credit
loss experience, the Company will calculate a revised yield
based upon the current reference amount of the investment,
including any other than temporary impairments recognized to
date, and the revised estimate of cash flows. The Company will
apply the revised yield prospectively to recognize interest
income. If, based on the Companys quarterly estimate of
cash flows, there has been an adverse change in the estimated
cash flows from the cash flows previously estimated and the
present value of the revised cash flow is less than the present
value previously estimated, an
other-than-temporary
impairment will be deemed to have occurred. When the Company
deems an investment to be other-than temporarily impaired, the
Company is required to distinguish between other-than temporary
impairments related to credit and other-than-temporary
impairments related to other factors (e.g., market fluctuations)
on its securities that it does not intend to sell and where it
is not likely that the Company will be required to sell the
security prior to the anticipated recovery of its amortized cost
basis. The Company calculates the credit component of the
other-than-temporary impairment as the difference between the
amortized cost basis of the security and the present value of
its estimated cash flows discounted at the yield used to
recognize interest income. The credit
F-8
STEADFAST
INCOME REIT, INC.
(formerly Steadfast Secure Income REIT, Inc.)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED BALANCE
SHEETS (Continued)
As of March 31, 2010
(Unaudited)
component will be charged to earnings and the component related
to other factors will be recorded to other comprehensive income
(loss).
Noncontrolling
Interest in Consolidated Real Estate Partnerships
The Company will report unaffiliated partners interest in
consolidated real estate partnerships as noncontrolling interest
within the equity section of the consolidated balance sheet, and
amounts attributable to controlling and noncontrolling interests
will be reported separately in the consolidated income statement
and consolidated statement of equity. As of March 31, 2010
and December 31, 2009, the Company recorded the $1,000
contribution made by the Advisor to the Operating Partnership as
noncontrolling interest within the equity section of the
consolidated balance sheet.
Revenue
Recognition
The Company will recognize minimum rent, including rental
abatements, concessions and contractual fixed increases
attributable to operating leases, on a straight-line basis over
the term of the related lease and amounts expected to be
received in later years will be recorded as deferred rents. The
Company will record property operating expense reimbursements
due from tenants for common area maintenance, real estate taxes,
and other recoverable costs in the period the related expenses
are incurred. The Company will recognize revenues from property
management, asset management, syndication and other services
when the related fees are earned and are realizable.
The Company will recognize gains on sales of real estate
pursuant to the provisions of ASC 360. The specific timing
of a sale is measured against various criteria in ASC 360
related to the terms of the transaction and any continuing
involvement associated with the property. If the criteria for
profit recognition under the full-accrual method are not met,
the Company will defer gain recognition and account for the
continued operations of the property by applying the
percentage-of-completion,
reduced profit, deposit, installment or cost recovery methods,
as appropriate, until the appropriate criteria are met.
Interest income from any loans receivable the Company may
purchase will be recognized based on the contractual terms of
the debt instrument. Fees related to the buydown of the interest
rate will be deferred as prepaid interest income and amortized
over the term of the loan as an adjustment to interest income
using the effective interest method. Closing costs related to
the purchase of the loan receivable will be amortized over the
term of the loan and accreted as an adjustment against interest
income using the effective interest method.
Accounting
for Stock-Based Compensation
The Company accounts for stock-based compensation in accordance
with ASC Topic 718, Compensation Stock
Compensation (ASC 718). ASC 718
established a fair value based method of accounting for
stock-based compensation. Accounting for stock-based
compensation under ASC 718 requires the fair value of
stock-based compensation awards to be amortized as an expense
over the vesting period and requires any dividend equivalents
earned to be treated as dividends for financial reporting
purposes. Stock-based compensation awards are valued at the fair
value on the date of grant and amortized as an expense over the
vesting period.
Distribution
Policy
The Company intends to elect to be taxed as a REIT and to
operate as a REIT beginning with its taxable year ending
December 31, 2010. To maintain its qualification as a REIT,
the Company intends to make
F-9
STEADFAST
INCOME REIT, INC.
(formerly Steadfast Secure Income REIT, Inc.)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED BALANCE
SHEETS (Continued)
As of March 31, 2010
(Unaudited)
distributions each taxable year equal to at least 90% of its
REIT taxable income (which is determined without regard to the
dividends paid deduction or net capital gain and which does not
necessarily equal net income as calculated in accordance with
GAAP). The Company expects to authorize and declare daily
distributions that will be paid on a monthly basis.
Distributions to stockholders will be determined by the board of
directors of the Company and will be dependent upon a number of
factors relating to the Company, including funds available for
the payment of distributions, financial condition, the timing of
property acquisitions, capital expenditure requirements, and
annual distribution requirements in order to maintain the
Companys status as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code
of 1986, as amended (the Code).
Organization
and Offering Costs
Organization and offering expenses include all expenses (other
than sales commissions and the dealer manager fee) to be paid by
the Company in connection with the Public Offering and the
Private Offering, including legal, accounting, printing, mailing
and filing fees, charges of the Companys escrow holder and
transfer agent, expenses of organizing the Company, data
processing fees, advertising and sales literature costs,
transfer agent costs, bona fide
out-of-pocket
due diligence costs and amounts to reimburse the Advisor or its
affiliates for the salaries of its employees and other costs in
connection with preparing supplemental sales materials and
providing other administrative services. Any such reimbursement
will not exceed actual expenses incurred by the Advisor. After
the termination of the Public Offering, the Advisor will
reimburse the Company to the extent total organization and
offering expenses borne by the Company exceed 15% of the gross
proceeds raised in the Public Offering. In addition, to the
extent the Company does pay the full sales commissions or dealer
manager fee for shares sold in the Public Offering, the Company
may also reimburse costs of bona fide training and education
meetings held by the Company (primarily the travel, meal and
lodging costs of registered representatives of broker-dealers),
attendance and sponsorship fees and cost reimbursement of
employees of the Companys affiliates to attend seminars
conducted by broker-dealers and, in special, cases,
reimbursement to participating broker-dealers for technology
costs associated with the Public Offering, costs and expenses
related to such technology costs, and costs and expenses
associated with the facilitation of the marketing of the
Companys shares and the ownership of the Companys
shares by such broker-dealers customers; provided,
however, that the Company will not pay any of the foregoing
costs to the extent that such payment would cause total
underwriting compensation to exceed 10% of the gross proceeds of
the Public Offering, as required by the rules of the Financial
Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA).
The Company will have no obligation to reimburse the Advisor,
the Dealer Manager or their affiliates for any organization and
offering costs associated with the Public Offering unless and
until the Company raises $2,000,000 in offering proceeds in the
Public and Private Offerings. As of March 31, 2010 and
December 31, 2009, the Advisor has incurred on behalf of
the Company organization and offering costs of $3,215,366 and
$2,490,165, respectively. These costs are not recorded in the
financial statements of the Company as of March 31, 2010
and December 31, 2009 because such costs only become a
liability of the Company when $2,000,000 in proceeds are raised
in the Private or Public Offerings and selling commissions, the
dealer manager fee and other organization and offering costs do
not exceed 15% of the gross proceeds of the Public and Private
Offerings. When recorded by the Company, organization costs will
be expensed as incurred, and offering costs, which include
selling commissions and dealer manager fees, will be deferred
and charged to stockholders equity as such amounts are
reimbursed to the Advisor, the Dealer Manager or their
affiliates from the gross proceeds.
F-10
STEADFAST
INCOME REIT, INC.
(formerly Steadfast Secure Income REIT, Inc.)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED BALANCE
SHEETS (Continued)
As of March 31, 2010
(Unaudited)
Income
Taxes
The Company intends to elect to be taxed as a REIT under the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and intends to
operate as such beginning with its taxable year ending
December 31, 2010. To qualify as a REIT, the Company must
meet certain organizational and operational requirements,
including a requirement to distribute at least 90% of the
Companys annual REIT taxable income to stockholders (which
is computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction or
net capital gain and which does not necessarily equal net income
as calculated in accordance with GAAP). As a REIT, the Company
generally will not be subject to federal income tax to the
extent it distributes qualifying dividends to its stockholders.
If the Company fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year,
it will be subject to federal income tax on its taxable income
at regular corporate income tax rates and generally will not be
permitted to qualify for treatment as a REIT for federal income
tax purposes for the four taxable years following the year
during which qualification is lost, unless the Internal Revenue
Service grants the Company relief under certain statutory
provisions. Such an event could materially adversely affect the
Companys net income and net cash available for
distribution to stockholders. However, the Company intends to
organize and operate in such a manner as to qualify for
treatment as a REIT.
Recently
Issued Accounting Standards
In June 2009, the FASB updated ASC Topic 810,
Consolidation (ASC 810). ASC 810
requires a Company to perform ongoing reassessments of whether
an enterprise is the primary beneficiary of a variable interest
entity. ASC 810 also eliminates the quantitative approach
previously required for determining the primarily beneficiary of
a variable interest entity. ASC 810 is effective for fiscal
years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning
on or after November 15, 2009. The Company adopted the
updated ASC 810 on January 1, 2010, which did not have
an impact on its financial statements.
General
Under the Articles of Incorporation of the Company, the total
number of shares of capital stock authorized for issuance is
1,100,000,000 shares, consisting of 999,999,000 shares
of common stock with a par value of $0.01 per share,
1,000 shares of convertible stock with a par value of $0.01
per share and 100,000,000 shares are designated as
preferred stock with a par value of $0.01 per share each as
defined by the Companys Articles of Incorporation.
The shares of common stock entitle the holders to one vote per
share on all matters upon which stockholders are entitled to
vote, to receive dividends and other distributions as authorized
by the board of directors in accordance with the Maryland
General Corporation Law and to all rights of a stockholder
pursuant to the Maryland General Corporation Law. The common
stock has no preferences or preemptive, conversion or exchange
rights.
During 2009, the Company issued 22,223 shares of common
stock for proceeds of $200,007. During the three months ended
March 31, 2010, the Company issued 175,217 shares of
common stock for offering proceeds of $1,482,334, net of
offering costs of $146,166. These offering costs consist of
selling commissions and dealer manager fees. As of
March 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009, the Company had
issued 175,217 and 22,223 shares of common stock,
respectively.
The Company has issued 1,000 shares of Convertible Stock,
par value $0.01 per share, to the Advisor. The Convertible Stock
contains a conversion feature as described hereafter. The
Convertible Stock will convert
F-11
STEADFAST
INCOME REIT, INC.
(formerly Steadfast Secure Income REIT, Inc.)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED BALANCE
SHEETS (Continued)
As of March 31, 2010
(Unaudited)
to shares of common stock if and when: (A) the Company has
made total distributions on the then outstanding shares of
common stock equal to the original issue price of those shares
plus an 8.0% cumulative, non-compounded, annual return on the
original issue price of those shares, (B) subject to
specified conditions, the Company lists the common stock for
trading on a national securities exchange or (C) the
Advisory Agreement is terminated or not renewed by the Company
(other than for cause as defined in the Advisory
Agreement). A listing will be deemed to have
occurred on the effective date of any merger of the Company in
which the consideration received by the holders of common stock
is the securities of another issuer that are listed on a
national securities exchange. Upon conversion, each share of
Convertible Stock will convert into a number of shares of common
stock equal to 1/1000 of the quotient of (A) 10% of the
amount, if any, by which (1) the Companys
enterprise value (as defined in the Companys
charter) plus the aggregate value of distributions paid to date
on the outstanding shares of common stock exceeds the
(2) aggregate purchase price paid by the stockholders for
those shares plus an 8.0% cumulative, non-compounded, annual
return on the original issue price of those shares, divided by
(B) the Companys enterprise value divided by the
number of outstanding shares of common stock, in each case
calculated as of the date of the conversion. In the event of a
termination or non-renewal of the Advisory Agreement by the
Company for cause, the Convertible Stock will be redeemed by the
Company for $1.00.
The amended and restated charter that the Company intends to
file with the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of
Maryland will also provide the Companys board of directors
with authority to issue one or more classes or series of
preferred stock and prior to the issuance of such shares, the
board of directors shall have the power from time to time to
classify or reclassify, in one or more series, any unissued
shares and designate the preferences, rights and privileges of
such shares. The Companys board of directors is authorized
to amend its charter, without the approval of the stockholders,
to increase the aggregate number of authorized shares of capital
stock or the number of shares of any class or series that the
Company has authority to issue. As of March 31, 2010 and
December 31, 2009, no shares of the Companys
preferred stock were issued and outstanding.
Distribution
Reinvestment Plan
The Companys board of directors has approved a
distribution reinvestment plan (the DRP) through
which common stockholders may elect to reinvest an amount equal
to the distributions declared on their shares of common stock in
additional shares of the Companys common stock in lieu of
receiving cash distributions upon commencement of the Public
Offering. The initial purchase price per share under the DRP
will be $9.50. If the Company extends the Public Offering beyond
two years from the date of its commencement, the Companys
board of directors may, in its sole discretion, from time to
time, change this price based upon changes in the Companys
estimated net asset value per share, the then current public
offering price of shares of the Companys common stock and
other factors that the board of directors deems relevant.
No sales commissions or dealer manager fees are payable on
shares sold through the DRP. The Companys board of
directors may terminate the DRP at its discretion at any time
upon ten days notice to the Companys stockholders.
Following any termination of the DRP, all subsequent
distributions to stockholders will be made in cash.
Share
Repurchase Plan
As the Companys stock is currently not listed on a
national exchange, there is no market for the Companys
common stock. As a result, there is risk that a stockholder may
not be able to sell the Companys stock at a time or price
acceptable to the stockholder.
F-12
STEADFAST
INCOME REIT, INC.
(formerly Steadfast Secure Income REIT, Inc.)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED BALANCE
SHEETS (Continued)
As of March 31, 2010
(Unaudited)
The Companys board of directors has approved a share
repurchase plan that would enable its stockholders to sell their
shares to the Company in limited circumstances upon commencement
of the Public Offering.
There are numerous restrictions on a stockholders ability
to sell its shares to the Company under the plan. Unless the
shares were being redeemed in connection with a
stockholders death or disability, the Company may not
redeem shares until they have been outstanding for one year. In
addition, the Company has limited the number of shares redeemed
pursuant to the share repurchase plan as follows:
(1) during any calendar year, the Company would not redeem
in excess of 5% of the
weighted-average
number of shares outstanding during the prior calendar year and
(2) funding for the repurchase of shares would come
exclusively from the net proceeds the Company received from the
sale of shares under the dividend reinvestment plan during the
prior calendar year plus such additional funds as may be
reserved for that purpose by the Companys board of
directors; provided, however, that the above holding period
shall not apply to repurchases requested within two years after
the death or disability of a stockholder.
Under the plan, prior to the completion of the Offering Stage
(as defined below), the purchase price for shares repurchased by
the Company under the plan will be as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
Repurchase Price
|
Share Purchase Anniversary
|
|
on Repurchase
Date (1)
|
|
Less than 1 year
|
|
No Repurchase Allowed
|
1 year
|
|
92.5% of Primary Offering Price
|
2 years
|
|
95.0% of Primary Offering Price
|
3 years
|
|
97.5% of Primary Offering Price
|
4 years
|
|
100.0% of Primary Offering Price
|
In the event of a stockholders death or disability
|
|
Average Issue Price for
Shares(2)
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
As adjusted for any stock dividends, combinations, splits,
recapitalizations and the like with respect to the shares of
common stock. |
|
(2) |
|
The purchase price per share for shares redeemed upon the death
or disability of a stockholder will be equal to the average
issue price per share for all of the stockholders shares. |
The purchase price per share for shares repurchased pursuant to
the share repurchase plan will be further reduced by the
aggregate amount of net proceeds per share, if any, distributed
to the Companys stockholders prior to the repurchase date
as a result of the sale of one or more of the Companys
assets that constitutes a return of capital distribution as a
result of such sales.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, following the completion of the
Offering Stage, shares of the Companys common stock will
be repurchased at a price equal to a price based upon the
Companys most recently established estimated net asset
value per share, which the Company will publicly disclose every
six months beginning no later than six months following the
completion of the Offering Stage based on periodic valuations by
independent third party appraisers and qualified independent
valuation experts selected by the Advisor. The Offering Stage
will be considered complete on the first date that the Company
is no longer publicly offering equity securities that are not
listed on a national securities exchange, whether through the
Public Offering or follow-on public equity offerings, provided
the Company has not filed a registration statement for a
follow-on public equity offering as of such date.
The Companys board of directors may, in its sole
discretion, amend, suspend or terminate the share repurchase
plan at any time if it determines that the funds available to
fund the share repurchase plan are
F-13
STEADFAST
INCOME REIT, INC.
(formerly Steadfast Secure Income REIT, Inc.)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED BALANCE
SHEETS (Continued)
As of March 31, 2010
(Unaudited)
needed for other business or operational purposes or that
amendment, suspension or termination of the share repurchase
plan is in the best interest of the Companys stockholders.
The share repurchase plan will terminate if the shares of the
Companys common stock are listed on a national securities
exchange.
Distributions
The Companys long-term policy will be to pay distributions
from cash flow from operations. However, the Company expects to
have insufficient cash flow from operations available for
distribution until it makes substantial investments. In order to
provide additional available funds for the Company to pay
distributions, under certain circumstances the Companys
obligation to pay all fees due to the Advisor from the Company
pursuant to the Advisory Agreement will be deferred up to an
aggregate amount of $5 million during the Offering Stage.
If, during any calendar quarter during the Offering Stage, the
distributions the Company pays exceed the Companys funds
from operations (as defined by the National Association of Real
Estate Investment Trusts), plus (1) any acquisition
expenses and acquisition fees expensed by the Company that are
related to any property, loan or other investment acquired or
expected to be acquired by the Company and (2) any
non-operating,
non-cash charges incurred by the Company, such as impairments of
property or loans, any other than temporary impairments of
marketable securities, or other similar charges, for the quarter
(Adjusted Funds From Operations), the fees the
Company is obligated to pay the Advisor will be deferred in an
amount equal to the amount by which the distributions paid to
the Companys stockholders for the quarter exceed the
Companys Adjusted Funds From Operations up to an amount
equal to a 7.0% cumulative non-compounded annual return to
stockholders invested capital, prorated for such quarter.
The Company is only obligated to pay the Advisor for these
deferred fees if and to the extent that the Companys
cumulative Adjusted Funds From Operations for the period
beginning on the date of the commencement of the Private
Offering through the date of any such payment exceed the lesser
of (1) the cumulative amount of any distributions paid to
stockholders as of the date of such payment or (2) an
amount that is equal to a 7.0% cumulative, non-compounded,
annual return on invested capital for the Companys
stockholders for the period from the commencement of the Public
Offering through the date of such payment. The Companys
obligation to pay the deferred fees will survive the termination
of the Advisory Agreement and will continue to be subject to the
repayment conditions above. The Company will not pay interest on
the deferred fees if and when such fees are paid to the Advisor.
The amount of fees that may be deferred as described above is
limited to an aggregate amount of $5 million.
|
|
4.
|
Related
Party Arrangements
|
The Company has executed the Advisory Agreement with the Advisor
and a Dealer Manager Agreement with the Dealer Manager. These
agreements entitle the Advisor, certain affiliates of the
Advisor, and the Dealer Manager to specified fees upon the
provision of certain services with regard to the Public Offering
and the investment of funds in real estate assets, among other
services, as well as reimbursement of organization and offering
costs incurred by the Advisor and the Dealer Manager on behalf
of the Company (as discussed in Note 2) and certain
costs incurred by the Advisor in providing services to the
Company. In certain
F-14
STEADFAST
INCOME REIT, INC.
(formerly Steadfast Secure Income REIT, Inc.)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED BALANCE
SHEETS (Continued)
As of March 31, 2010
(Unaudited)
circumstances, the Companys obligation to pay some or all
of the fees due to the Advisor pursuant to the Advisory
Agreement will be deferred. The fees and reimbursement
obligations are as follows:
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Type of Compensation and Recipient
|
|
Determination of Amount
|
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|
Organizational and Offering Stage
|
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Sales Commission(1) Dealer Manager
|
|
6.5% of gross offering proceeds from the sale of shares (100% of which will be reallowed to participating broker-dealers), subject to reductions based on volume and for certain categories of purchasers. No sales commissions will be paid for sales pursuant to the DRP. Assuming all shares in the Public Offering are sold at the highest possible selling commissions (with no discounts to any categories of purchasers), estimated selling commissions are approximately $130,000 if the Company sells the minimum of 200,000 shares and approximately $97,500,000 if the Company sells the maximum of 150,000,000 shares.
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|
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Dealer Manager Fee(1) Dealer Manager
|
|
3.5% of gross offering proceeds from the sale of shares (a portion of which will be reallowed to participating broker-dealers). No dealer manager fee will be paid for sales pursuant to the DRP. The estimated dealer manager fee is approximately $70,000 if the Company sells the minimum of 200,000 shares and approximately $52,500,000 if the Company sells the maximum of 150,000,000 shares.
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Organization and Offering Expenses(2) Advisor and
Affiliates
|
|
The Company will reimburse the Advisor or its affiliates for
organization and offering expenses (as discussed in Note 2)
incurred by the Advisor or its affiliates on behalf of the
Company to the extent that reimbursement would not cause selling
commissions, the dealer manager fee and the other organization
and offering expenses borne by the Company to exceed 15% of
gross offering proceeds as of the date of reimbursement. The
Company estimates organization and offering costs of
approximately $100,000 if the Company sells the minimum of
200,000 shares and approximately $18,750,000 if the Company
sells the maximum of 150,000,000 shares.
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Operational Stage
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Acquisition Fees(3) Advisor
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2.0% of (1) the purchase price in connection with the acquisition or origination of any type of real property or real estate-related asset acquired directly by the Company or (2) the Companys allocable portion of the purchase price in connection with the acquisition or origination of any type of real property or real estate-related asset acquired through a joint venture, including any acquisition and origination expenses and any debt attributable to such investments.
|
F-15
STEADFAST
INCOME REIT, INC.
(formerly Steadfast Secure Income REIT, Inc.)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED BALANCE
SHEETS (Continued)
As of March 31, 2010
(Unaudited)
|
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Type of Compensation and Recipient
|
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Determination of Amount
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Investment Management Fees(4) Advisor
|
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A monthly amount equal to one-twelfth of 0.80% of (1) the cost of real properties and real estate-related assets acquired directly by the Company or (2) the Companys allocable cost of each real property or real estate-related asset acquired through a joint venture. Such fee will be calculated including acquisition fees, acquisition expenses and any debt attributable to such investments, or the Companys proportionate share thereof in the case of investments made through joint ventures.
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Other Operating Expenses(4) Advisor
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Reimbursement of expenses incurred in providing services to the Company, including the Companys allocable share the Advisors overhead, such as rent, employee costs, utilities and IT costs. The Company will not reimburse for employee costs in connection with services for which the Advisor or its affiliates receive acquisition fees or disposition fees or for the salaries the Advisor pays to its executive officers.
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Property Management and Leasing Fees Affiliated
Property Managers
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A market based percentage of the annual gross revenues of each property owned by the Company for property management services. Property managers affiliated with the Advisor or Sponsor (Affiliated Property Managers) may subcontract with third party property managers and will be responsible for supervising and compensating those third party property managers. In addition, the Company may pay Affiliated Property Managers a separate fee for services rendered, whether directly or indirectly, in leasing real properties to a third party lessee. Such leasing fee will be in an amount that is usual and customary for comparable services rendered to similar real properties in the geographic market of the real property leased; provided, however, that such leasing fee shall only be paid if a majority of the Companys board, including a majority of the Companys independent directors, determines that such leasing fee is fair and reasonable in relation to the services being performed.
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Independent Directors Compensation Plan
Independent Directors
|
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Under the Companys independent directors
compensation plan, each of the Companys current
independent directors was entitled to receive 5,000 shares
of restricted common stock in connection with the initial
meeting of the Companys full board of directors. The
Companys board of directors, and each of the independent
directors, agreed to delay the initial grant of restricted stock
until the Company raised $2,000,000 in gross offering proceeds
in the Private Offering. In addition, on the date following an
independent directors re-election to the Companys
board of directors, he or she will receive 2,500 shares of
restricted common stock. The shares of restricted common stock
will generally vest in four equal annual installments beginning
on the date of grant and ending on the third anniversary of the
date of grant; provided, however, that the restricted stock will
become fully vested on the earlier to occur of (1) the
termination of the independent directors service as a
director due to his or her death or disability, or (2) a change
in control.
|
F-16
STEADFAST
INCOME REIT, INC.
(formerly Steadfast Secure Income REIT, Inc.)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED BALANCE
SHEETS (Continued)
As of March 31, 2010
(Unaudited)
|
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Type of Compensation and Recipient
|
|
Determination of Amount
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Liquidity Stage
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Disposition Fees(5) Advisor or its Affiliate
|
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If the Advisor or its affiliates provides a substantial amount
of services, as determined by the Companys independent
directors, in connection with the sale of a property or real
estate-related asset, 1.5% of the sales price of each property
or real estate-related asset sold.
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Common Stock Issuable Upon Conversion of Convertible Stock-
Advisor
|
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The Companys convertible stock will convert to shares of
common stock if and when: (A) the Company has made total
distributions on the then outstanding shares of the
Companys common stock equal to the original issue price of
those shares plus an 8.0% cumulative,
non-compounded,
annual return on the original issue price of those shares; (B)
the Company lists its common stock for trading on a national
securities exchange; or (C) the Company terminates or does not
review its advisory agreement (other than for cause
as defined in the advisory agreement). In the event of a
termination or non-renewal of the Companys advisory
agreement, the convertible stock will be redeemed for $1.00. In
general, each share of the Companys convertible stock will
convert into a number of shares of common stock equal to 1/1000
of the quotient of (A) 10% of the excess of (1) the
Companys enterprise value(as defined in the
Companys charter) plus the aggregate value of
distributions paid to date on the then outstanding shares of the
Companys common stock over (2) the aggregate purchase
price paid by stockholders for those outstanding shares of
common stock plus an 8.0% cumulative, non-compounded, annual
return on the original issue price of those outstanding shares,
divided by (B) the Companys enterprise value divided by
the number of outstanding shares of common stock, in each case
calculated as of the date of the conversion.
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(1) |
|
The sales commissions and dealer manager fee may be reduced or
waived in connection with certain categories of sales, such as
sales for which a volume discount applies, sales through
investment advisors or banks acting as trustees or fiduciaries,
sales to affiliates of the Company and sales under the DRP. |
|
(2) |
|
Organization and offering expenses include all expenses (other
than sales commissions and the dealer manager fee) to be paid by
the Company in connection with the Public Offering and the
Private Offering, including legal, accounting, printing, mailing
and filing fees, charges of the Companys escrow holder and
transfer agent, expenses of organizing the Company, data
processing fees, advertising and sales literature costs,
transfer agent costs, bona fide
out-of-pocket
due diligence costs and amounts to reimburse the Advisor or its
affiliates for the salaries of its employees and other costs in
connection with preparing supplemental sales materials and
providing other administrative services in connection with the
Public Offering and the Private Offering. Any such reimbursement
will not exceed actual expenses incurred by the Advisor. After
the termination of the Public Offering, the Advisor will
reimburse the Company to the extent total organization and
offering expenses borne by the Company exceed 15% of the gross
proceeds raised in the Public Offering. In addition, to the
extent the Company does pay the full sales commissions or dealer
manager fee for shares sold in the Public Offering, the Company
may also reimburse costs of bona fide training and education
meetings held by the Company (primarily the travel, meal and
lodging costs of registered representatives of broker-dealers),
attendance and sponsorship fees and cost reimbursement of
employees of the Companys affiliates to attend seminars
conducted by broker-dealers and, in special, cases,
reimbursement to participating broker-dealers for technology
costs associated with |
F-17
STEADFAST
INCOME REIT, INC.
(formerly Steadfast Secure Income REIT, Inc.)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED BALANCE
SHEETS (Continued)
As of March 31, 2010
(Unaudited)
|
|
|
|
|
the Public Offering, costs and expenses related to such
technology costs, and costs and expenses associated with the
facilitation of the marketing of the Companys shares and
the ownership of the Companys shares by such
broker-dealers customers; provided, however, that the
Company will not pay any of the foregoing costs to the extent
that such payment would cause total underwriting compensation to
exceed 10% of the gross proceeds of the Public Offering, as
required by the rules of FINRA. |
|
(3) |
|
In addition to acquisition fees, the Company reimburse the
Advisor for amounts it pays to third parties in connection with
the selection, acquisition or development of a property or
acquisition of real estate-related assets, whether or not the
Company ultimately acquires the property or the real
estate-related assets. The Companys charter limits its
ability to pay acquisition fees if the total of all acquisition
fees and expenses relating to the purchase would exceed 6.0% of
the contract purchase price. Under the Companys charter, a
majority of the Companys board of directors, including a
majority of the independent directors, would have to approve any
acquisition fees (or portion thereof) which would cause the
total of all acquisition fees and expenses relating to an
acquisition to exceed 6.0% of the contract purchase price. In
connection with the purchase of securities, the acquisition fee
may be paid to an affiliate of the Advisor that is registered as
a FINRA member broker-dealer if applicable FINRA rules would
prohibit the payment of the acquisition fee to a firm that is
not a registered broker-dealer. |
|
(4) |
|
Commencing four fiscal quarters after the effective date of the
Advisory Agreement and at least annually thereafter, the
Advisory must reimburse the Company for the amount by which the
Companys operating expenses for the preceding four fiscal
quarters then ended exceed the greater of 2% of the
Companys average invested assets, or 25% of the
Companys net income, unless the independent directors have
determined that such excess expenses were justified based on
unusual and non-recurring factors. Average invested
assets means the average monthly book value of the
Companys assets invested directly or indirectly in equity
interests and loans secured by real estate during the
12-month
period before deducting depreciation, bad debts or other
non-cash reserves. Total operating expenses means
all expenses paid or incurred by the Company, as determined
under generally accepted accounting principles in the
United States, or GAAP, that are in any way related to the
Companys operation, including investment management fees,
but excluding (a) the expenses of raising capital such as
organization and offering expenses, legal, audit, accounting,
underwriting, brokerage, listing, registration and other fees,
printing and other such expenses and taxes incurred in
connection with the issuance, distribution, transfer, listing
and registration of shares of the Companys common stock;
(b) interest payments; (c) taxes; (d) non-cash
expenditures such as depreciation, amortization and bad debt
reserves; (e) reasonable incentive fees based on the gain
in the sale of the Companys assets; (f) acquisition
fees and acquisition expenses (including expenses relating to
potential acquisitions that the Company does not close);
(g) real estate commissions on the resale of investments;
and (h) other expenses connected with the acquisition,
disposition, management and ownership of investments (including
the costs of foreclosure, insurance premiums, legal services,
maintenance, repair and improvement of real property). |
|
(5) |
|
No disposition fee will be paid for securities traded on a
national securities exchange. To the extent the disposition fee
is paid upon the sale of any assets other than real property, it
will count against the limit on total operating
expenses described in note 4 above. |
|
|
|
In connection with the sale of securities, the disposition fee
may be paid to an affiliate of the Advisor that is registered as
a FINRA member broker-dealer if applicable FINRA rules would
prohibit the payment of the disposition fee to a firm that is
not a registered broker-dealer. |
|
|
|
The Companys charter limits the maximum amount of the
disposition fees payable to the Advisor for the sale of any real
property to the lesser of one-half of the brokerage commission
paid or 3.0% of the contract sales price. |
F-18
STEADFAST
INCOME REIT, INC.
(formerly Steadfast Secure Income REIT, Inc.)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED BALANCE
SHEETS (Continued)
As of March 31, 2010
(Unaudited)
|
|
5.
|
Incentive
Award Plan and Independent Director Compensation
|
The Company has adopted an incentive plan (the Incentive
Award Plan) that provides for the grant of equity awards
to its employees, directors and consultants and those of the
Companys affiliates. The Incentive Award Plan authorizes
the grant of non-qualified and incentive stock options,
restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, stock
appreciation rights, dividend equivalents and other stock-based
awards or cash-based awards. No awards have been granted under
such plan as of March 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009.
Upon raising $2,000,000 in gross offering proceeds, the Company
will grant each independent director (1) 5,000 shares
of restricted common stock upon election to the board of
directors and (2) 2,500 shares of restricted common
upon reelection to the board of directors pursuant to an
independent directors compensation plan, which will
operate as a
sub-plan of
the Incentive Award Plan. The shares of restricted common stock
will generally vest in four equal annual installments beginning
on the date of grant and ending on the third anniversary of the
date of grant. The independent directors compensation plan
will contain provisions concerning the treatment of awards
granted under the plan in the event of an independent
directors termination of service for any reason, including
his or her death or disability, or upon the occurrence of a
change in control of the Company.
In addition to the stock awards, the Company will pay each of
its independent directors an annual retainer of $65,000 (except
the audit committee chairperson will receive an additional
$10,000 annual retainer). In addition, the independent directors
will be paid for attending meetings as follows: (i) $3,000
for each board meeting attended, (ii) $2,000 for each
committee meeting attended, (iii) $1,000 for each
teleconference board meeting attended. All directors also
receive reimbursement of reasonable
out-of-pocket
expenses incurred in connection with attendance at meetings of
the board of directors. Director compensation is an operating
expense of the Company that is subject to the operating expense
reimbursement obligation of the Advisor discussed in Note 4.
All of the Companys executive officers and some of its
directors are also executive officers, managers
and/or
holders of a direct or indirect controlling interest in the
Advisor, the Dealer Manager and other sponsor affiliated
entities. Through sponsor affiliated entities, these persons
also serve as investment advisers to investors in real estate
and real estate-related assets. As a result, they owe fiduciary
duties to each of these entities, their members and limited
partners and investors, which fiduciary duties may from time to
time conflict with the fiduciary duties that they owe to the
Company and its stockholders.
Some of the material conflicts that the Advisor, the Dealer
Manager or its sponsors affiliates will face are
(1) the determination of whether an investment opportunity
should be recommended to the Company or another sponsor
affiliated entity; (2) the allocation of the time of key
executive officers, directors, and other real estate
professionals among the Company or another sponsor affiliated
entity, and the activities in which they are involved;
(3) the fees received by the Advisor and its affiliates in
connection with transactions involving the purchase,
origination, management and sale of investments regardless of
the quality of the asset acquired or the service provided by the
Company; and (4) the fees received by the Advisor, the
Dealer Manager, and its sponsors affiliates in connection
with the Companys public offering of equity securities.
The Company will be dependent on the Advisor and the Dealer
Manager for certain services that are essential to the Company,
including the sale of the Companys shares of common and
preferred stock available for issue; the identification,
evaluation, negotiation, purchase and disposition of properties
and other investments; management of the daily operations of the
Companys real estate portfolio; and other general and
administrative responsibilities. In the event that these
companies are unable to provide the respective services, the
Company will be required to obtain such services from other
sources.
F-19
STEADFAST
INCOME REIT, INC.
(formerly Steadfast Secure Income REIT, Inc.)
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED BALANCE
SHEETS (Continued)
As of March 31, 2010
(Unaudited)
The Company has evaluated subsequent events through May 6,
2010, the date that the financial statements are issued.
Minimum
Gross Offering Proceeds and Restricted Stock
Grants
On April 15, 2010, the Company raised over $2,000,000 in
gross offering proceeds and granted 5,000 shares of
restricted common stock to each independent director pursuant to
the Companys independent directors compensation plan.
Amendment
to Advisory Agreement
On May 4, 2010, the Advisory Agreement was amended and
restated (the Amended Advisory Agreement) to provide
for operating expense and organization and offering expense
reimbursements prior to the commencement of the public offering
upon the Company raising over $2,000,000 in gross offering
proceeds in the Private Offering. After raising over $2,000,000
in gross offering proceeds the Company will reimburse the
Advisor and Affiliates for other organization and offering
expenses incurred by the Advisor or its Affiliates on behalf of
the Company to the extent that reimbursement would not cause
selling commissions, the dealer manager fee and the other
organization and offering expenses borne by the Company to
exceed 15% of gross offering proceeds, as of the date of
reimbursement.
The Amended Advisory Agreement also provides that Advisor will
reimburse the Company at least annually for reimbursements paid
to Advisor in any year, commencing upon the fourth fiscal
quarter following the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2010,
for the amount by which the Companys operating expenses
for the preceding four fiscal quarters then ended exceed the
greater of 2% of the Companys average invested assets, or
25% of the Companys net income, unless the independent
directors have determined that such excess expenses were
justified based on unusual and non-recurring factors.
F-20
PRIOR
PERFORMANCE TABLES
The following prior performance tables provide historical
unaudited financial information relating to private real estate
investment programs sponsored by Steadfast Companies, our
sponsor and its affiliates, collectively referred to herein as
prior real estate programs. These prior real estate
programs were not prior programs of Steadfast Income REIT, Inc.
The prior real estate programs presented provide an overview of
prior Steadfast Companies-managed real estate programs and the
performance of these programs. However, the general condition of
the economy, as well as other factors, can affect the real
estate market and operations and impact the financial
performance significantly.
This information should be read together with the summary
information included in the Prior Performance
Summary section of this prospectus.
INVESTORS SHOULD NOT CONSTRUE INCLUSION OF THE FOLLOWING TABLES
AS IMPLYING, IN ANY MANNER, THAT WE WILL HAVE RESULTS COMPARABLE
TO THOSE REFLECTED IN SUCH TABLES. DISTRIBUTABLE CASH FLOW,
FEDERAL INCOME TAX DEDUCTIONS OR OTHER FACTORS COULD BE
SUBSTANTIALLY DIFFERENT. INVESTORS SHOULD NOTE THAT, BY
ACQUIRING OUR SHARES, THEY WILL NOT BE ACQUIRING ANY INTEREST IN
ANY PRIOR PROGRAM.
All information contained in the tables in this Appendix A
is as of December 31, 2009.
Table I Experience in Raising and Investing
Funds. Table I summarizes information of the
prior performance of our sponsor in raising funds for the prior
real estate programs, the offerings of which closed during the
previous three years. The information in Table I is unaudited.
Table II Compensation to
Sponsor. Table II summarizes the
compensation paid to our sponsor and affiliates for the prior
real estate programs, the offerings of which closed during the
previous three years. The information in Table II is
unaudited.
Table III Operating Results of Prior Real Estate
Programs. Table III summarizes the operating
results for the prior real estate programs, the offerings of
which closed during the previous five years. The information in
Table III is unaudited.
Table IV Results of Completed Prior Real Estate
Programs. Table IV summarizes the results
for the prior real estate programs that have completed
operations during the previous five years. The information in
Table IV is unaudited.
Table V Sales or Disposals of Properties for
Prior Real Estate Programs. Table V includes all
sales or disposals of properties by prior real estate programs
within the most recent three years. The information in Table V
is unaudited.
Additional information relating to the acquisition of
properties by prior real estate programs is contained in Table
VI, which is included in Part II of the registration
statement of which this prospectus is a part. Copies of Table VI
will be provided to prospective investors at no charge upon
request.
The investment objectives of the prior real estate programs
described in the Prior Performance Summary section
of this prospectus and presented individually in the Prior
Performance Tables are considered to have similar investment
objectives as ours. We intend to invest in income producing
properties and achieve appreciation in the value of our
properties over the long-term with returns anticipated from
income and any increase in the value of the properties. Our
stockholders will not own any interest in any prior real estate
program and should not assume that they will experience returns,
if any, comparable to those experienced by investors in the
prior real estate programs. Please see Risk
Factors Risks Related to Investments in Real
Estate. Due to the risks involved in the ownership of and
investment in real estate, there is no guarantee of any level of
return on your investment in us and you may lose some or all of
your investment.
These tables are presented on a tax basis rather than on a GAAP
basis. Tax basis accounting does not take certain income or
expense accruals into consideration at the end of each fiscal
year. Income may be understated in the tables as compared to
GAAP, as GAAP accounting would require certain amortization or
leveling of rental revenue, the amount of which is undetermined
at this time. Expenses may be understated by monthly operating
expenses, which are typically paid in arrears.
A-1
TABLE
I
EXPERIENCE
IN RAISING AND INVESTING FUNDS
(UNAUDITED)
This table provides a summary of the experience of our sponsor
in investing and raising funds in prior real estate programs for
which the offerings have closed in the most recent three years
through December 31, 2009. Information is provided with
regard to the manner in which the proceeds of the offerings have
been applied. Also set forth below is information pertaining to
the timing and length of these offerings and the time period
over which the proceeds have been invested in the properties.
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Steadfast Foxview, LP
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Steadfast-BLK, LLC
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Dollar Amount
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Percentage
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Dollar Amount
|
|
|
Percentage
|
|
|
Dollar Amount
Offered(1)
|
|
$
|
350,000
|
|
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%
|
|
$
|
26,929,557
|
|
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%
|
Percentage Amount Raised
|
|
|
|
|
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100.0
|
|
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100.0
|
|
Less Offering Expenses:
|
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Selling commissions and discounts retained by affiliates
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Organizational expenses
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Other
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Reserves(2)
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743,729
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Percent available for investment
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|
|
100.0
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
97.2
|
|
Acquisition Costs:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Prepaid items and fees related to purchase of
property(3)
|
|
|
2,114,762
|
|
|
|
604.2
|
|
|
|
452,292
|
|
|
|
1.7
|
|
Cash Down Payment
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
22,843,000
|
|
|
|
84.8
|
|
Acquisition Fees
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,068,430
|
|
|
|
4.0
|
|
Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Acquisition Cost
|
|
$
|
2,114,762
|
|
|
|
604.2
|
%
|
|
$
|
24,363,722
|
|
|
|
90.5
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Leverage: (financing divided by total purchase price)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mortgage Loan
|
|
$
|
13,579,133
|
|
|
|
53.9
|
%
|
|
$
|
84,000,000
|
|
|
|
77.5
|
%
|
Other Financing
|
|
|
9,500,000
|
|
|
|
37.7
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Leverage
|
|
$
|
23,079,133
|
|
|
|
91.6
|
%
|
|
$
|
84,000,000
|
|
|
|
77.5
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Date Offering
Began(4)
|
|
|
1/4/2008
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10/1/2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
Length of Offering (In
Days)(5)
|
|
|
354
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
121
|
|
|
|
|
|
Months to invest 90 percent of amount available for
investment (measured from the beginning of offering)
|
|
|
11.8
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.0
|
|
|
|
|
|
Notes to Table I
|
|
|
(1) |
|
The amount represents the initial amount offered and raised to
purchase a specific property. |
|
(2) |
|
Reserves represent funds set aside at time of purchase for
future use by the property. |
|
(3) |
|
Includes costs of all prepaid items as well as items paid during
escrow for the purchase of the property. |
|
(4) |
|
This date was determined based on an executed letter of intent
date for pursuing the property to be included in the specific
program. |
|
(5) |
|
Program represents an investment to purchase a single property;
funds are raised only as an asset is identified and pursued
through an executed letter of intent or purchase agreement. The
length of offering represents the time period from the date the
property to be purchased was identified to the acquisition date. |
A-2
TABLE
I
EXPERIENCE
IN RAISING AND INVESTING FUNDS (Continued)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Steadfast Roseville II, LLC
|
|
|
Steadfast Lexington Green, LP
|
|
|
|
Dollar Amount
|
|
|
Percentage
|
|
|
Dollar Amount
|
|
|
Percentage
|
|
|
Dollar Amount
Offered(1)
|
|
$
|
1,948,912
|
(6)
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
$
|
7,146,377
|
|
|
|
|
%
|
Percentage Amount Raised
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
|
Less Offering Expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Selling commissions and discounts retained by affiliates
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Organizational expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
40,000
|
|
|
|
0.6
|
|
Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reserves(2)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Percent available for investment
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
99.4
|
|
Acquisition Costs:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Prepaid items and fees related to purchase of
property(3)
|
|
|
121,096
|
|
|
|
6.2
|
|
|
|
359,690
|
|
|
|
5.0
|
|
Cash Down Payment
|
|
|
1,827,816
|
|
|
|
93.8
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acquisition Fees
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Acquisition Cost
|
|
$
|
1,948,912
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
$
|
359,690
|
|
|
|
5.0
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Leverage: (financing divided by total purchase price)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mortgage Loan
|
|
$
|
2,973,000
|
|
|
|
53.0
|
%
|
|
$
|
16,750,000
|
|
|
|
97.9
|
%
|
Other Financing
|
|
|
692,813
|
|
|
|
12.3
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Leverage
|
|
$
|
3,665,813
|
|
|
|
65.3
|
%
|
|
$
|
16,750,000
|
|
|
|
97.9
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Date Offering
Began(4)
|
|
|
10/18/2006
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
11/1/2006
|
|
|
|
|
|
Length of Offering (In
Days)(5)
|
|
|
351
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
169
|
|
|
|
|
|
Months to invest 90 percent of amount available for
investment (measured from the beginning of offering)
|
|
|
11.7
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.6
|
|
|
|
|
|
Notes to Table I
|
|
|
(1) |
|
The amount represents the initial amount offered and raised to
purchase a specific property. |
|
(2) |
|
Reserves represent funds set aside at time of purchase for
future use by the property. |
|
(3) |
|
Includes costs of all prepaid items as well as items paid during
escrow for the purchase of the property. |
|
(4) |
|
This date was determined based on an executed letter of intent
date for pursuing the property to be included in the specific
program. |
|
(5) |
|
Program represents an investment to purchase a single property;
funds are raised only as an asset is identified and pursued
through an executed letter of intent or purchase agreement. The
length of offering represents the time period from the date the
property to be purchased was identified to the acquisition date. |
|
(6) |
|
The asset was originally acquired on December 8, 2006 with
100% debt; equity raised at the time of refinancing. The length
of offering is based on the original purchase date to the date
the equity funds were raised. |
A-3
TABLE
I
EXPERIENCE
IN RAISING AND INVESTING FUNDS (Continued)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Steadfast Woodranch, LLC
|
|
|
Steadfast Villa Nueva, LP
|
|
|
|
Dollar Amount
|
|
|
Percentage
|
|
|
Dollar Amount
|
|
|
Percentage
|
|
|
Dollar Amount
Offered(1)
|
|
$
|
757,860
|
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
$
|
22,296,350
|
|
|
|
|
%
|
Percentage Amount Raised
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
|
Less Offering Expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Selling commissions and discounts retained by affiliates
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Organizational expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reserves(2)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Percent available for investment
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
|
Acquisition Costs:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Prepaid items and fees related to purchase of
property(3)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,204,714
|
|
|
|
9.9
|
|
Cash Down Payment
|
|
|
757,860
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acquisition Fees
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Acquisition Cost
|
|
$
|
757,860
|
|
|
|
100.0
|
%
|
|
$
|
2,204,714
|
|
|
|
9.9
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Leverage: (financing divided by total purchase price)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mortgage Loan
|
|
$
|
9,464,323
|
|
|
|
82.6
|
%
|
|
$
|
37,500,000
|
|
|
|
94.4
|
%
|
Other Financing
|
|
|
1,233,097
|
|
|
|
10.8
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Leverage
|
|
$
|
10,697,420
|
|
|
|
93.4
|
%
|
|
$
|
37,500,000
|
|
|
|
94.4
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Date Offering
Began(4)
|
|
|
9/25/2006
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10/25/2006
|
|
|
|
|
|
Length of Offering (In
Days)(5)
|
|
|
213
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
324
|
|
|
|
|
|
Months to invest 90 percent of amount available for
investment (measured from the beginning of offering)
|
|
|
7.1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10.8
|
|
|
|
|
|
Notes to Table I
|
|
|
(1) |
|
The amount represents the initial amount offered and raised to
purchase a specific property. |
|
(2) |
|
Reserves represent funds set aside at time of purchase for
future use by the property. |
|
(3) |
|
Includes costs of all prepaid items as well as items paid during
escrow for the purchase of the property. |
|
(4) |
|
This date was determined based on an executed letter of intent
date for pursuing the property to be included in the specific
program. |
|
(5) |
|
Program represents an investment to purchase a single property;
funds are raised only as an asset is identified and pursued
through an executed letter of intent or purchase agreement. The
length of offering represents the time period from the date the
property to be purchased was identified to the acquisition date. |
A-4
TABLE
II
COMPENSATION
TO SPONSOR
(UNAUDITED)
This table sets forth the compensation paid to our sponsor and
its affiliates for prior real estate programs for which the
offerings have closed in the most recent three years through
December 31, 2009. The table includes compensation paid out
of the offering proceeds and compensation paid in connection
with the ongoing operations of prior real estate programs. Each
of the prior real estate programs for which information is
presented below has similar or identical investment objectives
to this program.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Steadfast
|
|
Steadfast Lexington
|
|
Steadfast Villa
|
|
|
Foxview, LP
|
|
Green, LP
|
|
Nueva, LP
|
|
Date Offering Commenced
|
|
|
1/4/2008
|
|
|
|
11/1/2006
|
|
|
|
10/25/2006
|
|
Dollar Amount Raised
|
|
$
|
350,000
|
|
|
$
|
7,146,377
|
|
|
$
|
22,296,350
|
|
Amount Paid to Sponsor from Proceeds of Offering:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Underwriting Fees
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acquisition Fees
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Real Estate Commissions
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Advisory Fees
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financing Fee
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dollar Amount of Cash Generated from Operations Before Deducting
Payments to Sponsor:
|
|
|
530,096
|
|
|
|
1,184,856
|
|
|
|
3,530,261
|
|
Amount Paid to Sponsor from Operations:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Property Management Fees
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
231,035
|
|
|
|
356,228
|
|
Partnership Management Fees
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reimbursements
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
207,989
|
|
|
|
555,175
|
|
Leasing Commissions
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acquisition Fees
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Developer Fee
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Construction Fee
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,215
|
|
|
|
43,650
|
|
Disposition Fee
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dollar amount of Property Sales and Refinancing
Before Deducting Payments to Sponsor:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Notes
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amount Paid to Sponsor from Property Sales and Refinancing:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Real Estate Commissions
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Incentive Fees
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acquisition Fees
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Developer Fee
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Construction Fee
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Disposition Fee
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A-5
TABLE
II
COMPENSATION
TO SPONSOR (Continued)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Steadfast-BLK,
|
|
Steadfast
|
|
|
LLC
|
|
Woodranch, LLC
|
|
Date Offering Commenced
|
|
|
10/1/2007
|
|
|
|
9/25/2006
|
|
Dollar Amount Raised
|
|
$
|
26,929,557
|
|
|
$
|
757,860
|
|
Amount Paid to Sponsor from Proceeds of Offering:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Underwriting Fees
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acquisition Fees
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Real Estate Commissions
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Advisory Fees
|
|
|
1,068,430
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financing Fee
|
|
|
420,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dollar Amount of Cash Generated from Operations before Deducting
Payments to Sponsor:
|
|
|
3,136,241
|
|
|
|
1,353,372
|
|
Amount Paid to Sponsor from Operations:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Property Management Fees
|
|
|
624,693
|
|
|
|
|
|
Partnership Management Fees
|
|
|
208,261
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reimbursements
|
|
|
1,163,144
|
|
|
|
|
|
Leasing Commissions
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acquisition Fees
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Developer Fee
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Construction Fee
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Disposition Fee
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dollar amount of Property Sales and Refinancing Before Deducting
Payments to Sponsor:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Notes
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amount Paid to Sponsor from Property Sales and Refinancing:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Real Estate Commissions
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Incentive Fees
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acquisition Fees
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Developer Fee
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Construction Fee
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Disposition Fee
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A-6
TABLE
III
OPERATING
RESULTS OF PRIOR REAL ESTATE PROGRAMS
(UNAUDITED)
The following sets forth the unaudited operating results of
prior real estate programs sponsored by our sponsor, the
offerings of which have closed in the most recent five years
through December 31, 2009; all presented on a tax basis
rather than on a GAAP basis. The tax depreciation may be
accelerated compared to the GAAP basis. In addition, there are
expenses that may be capitalized on a GAAP basis but expensed on
a tax basis, such as interest, property taxes, pursuit costs and
other expenses, resulting in higher tax expenses in operations.
The differences between GAAP basis and tax basis may be
significant. The information relates only to programs with
investment objectives similar to this program. All amounts are
as of and for the year ended December 31 for the year indicated.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Steadfast Everett Plaza, LLC
|
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
Gross Revenues
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
19,555
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
Profit on Sale of Properties
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,888,020
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less: Operation Expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(102
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
Interest Expense
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(9,682
|
)
|
|
|
(112,287
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net Income (Loss) (Tax Basis)
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
1,897,893
|
|
|
$
|
(112,389
|
)
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Taxable Income (Loss):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Operations
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
9,873
|
|
|
$
|
(112,389
|
)
|
|
$
|
|
|
From Gain on Sale
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,888,020
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Generated From Operations
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9,873
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Generated from Sales
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,937,077
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Generated from Refinancing
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Cash Generated
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,946,950
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less Cash Distributions to Investors:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Operating Cash Flow
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Sales and Refinancing
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,785,504
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Generated (Deficiency) After Cash Distributions
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,161,446
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less: Special Items (not including sales and refinancing)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Generated (Deficiency) After Cash Distributions and Special
Items
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
1,161,446
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tax and Distribution Data Per $1,000 Invested
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Federal Income Tax Results:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ordinary Income (Loss):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Operations
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
16
|
|
|
$
|
(185
|
)
|
|
$
|
|
|
From Recapture
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital Gain (loss)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,108
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Distributions to Investors:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Source (on Tax Basis)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investment Income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,939
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Return of Capital
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Source (on Cash Basis)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sales
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,939
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Refinancing
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operations
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amount (in percentage terms) remaining invested in program
properties at the end of the last year reported in the Table
(original total acquisition cost of properties retained divided
by original acquisition costs of all properties in program)
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A-7
TABLE
III
OPERATING
RESULTS OF PRIOR REAL ESTATE PROGRAMS
(Continued)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Steadfast-BLK, LLC
|
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
Gross Revenues
|
|
$
|
11,090,928
|
|
|
$
|
10,956,729
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
Profit on Sale of Properties
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less: Operation Expenses
|
|
|
(5,599,482
|
)
|
|
|
(5,254,745
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest Expense
|
|
|
(5,025,002
|
)
|
|
|
(4,643,286
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation
|
|
|
(2,138,806
|
)
|
|
|
(1,882,564
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net Income (Loss) Tax Basis
|
|
$
|
(1,672,362
|
)
|
|
$
|
(823,866
|
)
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Taxable Income (Loss)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Operations
|
|
$
|
(1,672,362
|
)
|
|
$
|
(823,866
|
)
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
From Gain on Sale
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Generated From Operations
|
|
|
603,480
|
|
|
|
1,483,556
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Generated from Sales
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Generated from Refinancing
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Cash Generated
|
|
|
603,480
|
|
|
|
1,483,556
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less Cash Distributions to Investors:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Operating Cash Flow
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Sales and Refinancing
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Generated (Deficiency) After Cash Distributions
|
|
|
603,480
|
|
|
|
1,483,556
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less: Special Items (not including sales and refinancing)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Generated (Deficiency) After Cash Distributions and Special
Items
|
|
$
|
603,480
|
|
|
$
|
1,483,556
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tax and Distribution Data Per $1,000 Invested
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Federal Income Tax Results:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ordinary Income (Loss):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Operations
|
|
$
|
(62
|
)
|
|
$
|
(31
|
)
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
From Recapture
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital Gain (loss)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Distributions to Investors:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Source (on Tax Basis)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investment Income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Return of Capital
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Source (on Cash Basis)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sales
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Refinancing
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operations
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amount (in percentage terms) remaining invested in program
properties at the end of the last year reported in the Table
(original total acquisition cost of properties retained divided
by original acquisition costs of all properties in program)
|
|
|
100
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A-8
TABLE
III
OPERATING
RESULTS OF PRIOR REAL ESTATE PROGRAMS
(Continued)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Steadfast Heritage, LLC
|
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
Gross Revenues
|
|
$
|
3,575,300
|
|
|
$
|
4,423,572
|
|
|
$
|
4,141,119
|
|
|
$
|
4,131,713
|
|
|
$
|
1,543,102
|
|
Profit on Sale of Properties
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less: Operation Expenses
|
|
|
(2,246,086
|
)
|
|
|
(2,210,724
|
)
|
|
|
(2,202,301
|
)
|
|
|
(2,023,896
|
)
|
|
|
(767,880
|
)
|
Interest Expense
|
|
|
(2,242,843
|
)
|
|
|
(1,857,203
|
)
|
|
|
(2,629,152
|
)
|
|
|
(2,658,880
|
)
|
|
|
(955,203
|
)
|
Depreciation
|
|
|
(911,462
|
)
|
|
|
(785,453
|
)
|
|
|
(1,510,416
|
)
|
|
|
(1,313,536
|
)
|
|
|
(569,057
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net Income (Loss) Tax Basis
|
|
$
|
(1,825,091
|
)
|
|
$
|
(429,808
|
)
|
|
$
|
(2,200,750
|
)
|
|
$
|
(1,864,599
|
)
|
|
$
|
(749,038
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net Income (Tax Basis)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Taxable Income (Loss):
|
|
$
|
(1,825,091
|
)
|
|
$
|
(429,808
|
)
|
|
$
|
(2,200,750
|
)
|
|
$
|
(1,864,599
|
)
|
|
$
|
(749,037
|
)
|
From Operations
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Gain on Sale
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Generated From Operations
|
|
|
(261,262
|
)
|
|
|
207,635
|
|
|
|
(797,908
|
)
|
|
|
(643,946
|
)
|
|
|
127,773
|
|
Cash Generated from Sales
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Generated from Refinancing
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,652,829
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Cash Generated
|
|
|
(261,262
|
)
|
|
|
207,635
|
|
|
|
3,854,921
|
|
|
|
(643,946
|
)
|
|
|
127,773
|
|
Less Cash Distributions to Investors:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Operating Cash Flow
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Sales and Refinancing
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2,815,093
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Generated (Deficiency) After Cash Distributions
|
|
|
(261,262
|
)
|
|
|
207,635
|
|
|
|
1,039,828
|
|
|
|
(643,946
|
)
|
|
|
127,773
|
|
Less: Special Items (not including sales and refinancing)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Generated (Deficiency) After Cash Distributions and Special
Items
|
|
$
|
(261,262
|
)
|
|
$
|
207,635
|
|
|
$
|
1,039,828
|
|
|
$
|
(643,946
|
)
|
|
$
|
127,773
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tax and Distribution Data Per $1,000 Invested
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Federal Income Tax Results:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ordinary Income (Loss):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Operations
|
|
$
|
(330
|
)
|
|
$
|
(78
|
)
|
|
$
|
(398
|
)
|
|
$
|
(337
|
)
|
|
$
|
(136
|
)
|
From Recapture
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital Gain (loss)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Distributions to Investors:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Source (on Tax Basis)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investment Income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
181
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Return of Capital
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
328
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Source (on Cash Basis)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sales
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Refinancing
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
509
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operations
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amount (in percentage terms) remaining invested in program
properties at the end of the last year reported in the Table
(original total acquisition cost of properties retained divided
by original acquisition costs of all properties in program)
|
|
|
100
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A-9
TABLE
III
OPERATING
RESULTS OF PRIOR REAL ESTATE PROGRAMS
(Continued)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Steadfast Foothill Plaza, LLC
|
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
Gross Revenues
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
1,638,395
|
|
|
$
|
4,710,689
|
|
Profit on Sale of Properties
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
33,395,965
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less: Operation Expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(794,787
|
)
|
|
|
(1,458,468
|
)
|
Interest Expense
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(652,220
|
)
|
|
|
(1,754,896
|
)
|
Depreciation
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(689,392
|
)
|
|
|
(1,173,929
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net Income (Tax Basis)
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
32,897,961
|
|
|
$
|
323,396
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Taxable Income (Loss):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Operations
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
(498,004
|
)
|
|
$
|
323,396
|
|
From Gain on Sale
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
33,395,965
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Generated From Operations
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9,618
|
|
|
|
1,679,095
|
|
Cash Generated from Sales
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
29,838,670
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Generated from Refinancing
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Generated from Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,417,646
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Cash Generated
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
29,848,288
|
|
|
|
1,679,095
|
|
Less Cash Distributions to Investors:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Operating Cash Flow
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(9,618
|
)
|
|
|
(702,470
|
)
|
From Sales and Refinancing
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(29,838,670
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
From Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,417,646
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Generated (Deficiency) After Cash Distributions
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
976,625
|
|
Less: Special Items (not including sales and refinancing)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Generated (Deficiency) After Cash Distributions and Special
Items
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
976,625
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tax and Distribution Data Per $1,000 Invested
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Federal Income Tax Results:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ordinary Income (Loss):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Operations
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
(66
|
)
|
|
$
|
43
|
|
From Recapture
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital Gain (loss)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,423
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Distributions to Investors:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Source (on Tax Basis)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investment Income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,141
|
|
|
|
93
|
|
Return of Capital
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
Source (on Cash Basis)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sales
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,952
|
|
|
|
|
|
Refinancing
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operations
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
224
|
|
|
|
93
|
|
Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
58
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amount (in percentage terms) remaining invested in program
properties at the end of the last year reported in the Table
(original total acquisition cost of properties retained divided
by original acquisition costs of all properties in program)
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A-10
TABLE
III
OPERATING
RESULTS OF PRIOR REAL ESTATE PROGRAMS
(Continued)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Steadfast Koll I & II, LLC
|
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
Gross Revenues
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
187,897
|
|
|
$
|
1,492,223
|
|
|
$
|
1,486,433
|
|
|
$
|
893,006
|
|
Profit on Sale of Properties
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9,573,462
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less: Operation Expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(77,774
|
)
|
|
|
(196,931
|
)
|
|
|
(195,128
|
)
|
|
|
(131,900
|
)
|
Interest Expense
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(474,745
|
)
|
|
|
(1,011,450
|
)
|
|
|
(1,012,148
|
)
|
|
|
(710,523
|
)
|
Depreciation
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(366,167
|
)
|
|
|
(299,799
|
)
|
|
|
(326,012
|
)
|
|
|
(169,171
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net Income (Loss) (Tax Basis)
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
8,842,673
|
|
|
$
|
(15,957
|
)
|
|
$
|
(46,855
|
)
|
|
$
|
(118,588
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Taxable Income (Loss):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Operations
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
(730,789
|
)
|
|
$
|
(15,957
|
)
|
|
$
|
(46,855
|
)
|
|
$
|
(118,588
|
)
|
From Gain on Sale
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9,573,462
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Generated From Operations
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(474,081
|
)
|
|
|
308,886
|
|
|
|
268,069
|
|
|
|
146,086
|
|
Cash Generated from Sales
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9,198,027
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Generated from Refinancing
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,496,234
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Cash Generated
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8,723,946
|
|
|
|
308,886
|
|
|
|
268,069
|
|
|
|
1,642,320
|
|
Less Cash Distributions to Investors:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Operating Cash Flow
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Sales and Refinancing
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(8,580,062
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Generated (Deficiency) After Cash Distributions
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
143,884
|
|
|
|
308,886
|
|
|
|
268,069
|
|
|
|
1,642,320
|
|
Less: Special Items (not including sales and refinancing)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Generated (Deficiency) After Cash Distributions and Special
Items
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
143,884
|
|
|
$
|
308,886
|
|
|
$
|
268,069
|
|
|
$
|
1,642,320
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tax and Distribution Data Per $1,000 Invested
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Federal Income Tax Results:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ordinary Income (Loss):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Operations
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
(196
|
)
|
|
$
|
(4
|
)
|
|
$
|
(13
|
)
|
|
$
|
(32
|
)
|
From Recapture
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital Gain (loss)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,565
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Distributions to Investors:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Source (on Tax Basis)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investment Income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,299
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Return of Capital
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Source (on Cash Basis)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sales
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,299
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Refinancing
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operations
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amount (in percentage terms) remaining invested in program
properties at the end of the last year reported in the Table
(original total acquisition cost of properties retained divided
by original acquisition costs of all properties in program)
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A-11
TABLE
III
OPERATING
RESULTS OF PRIOR REAL ESTATE PROGRAMS
(Continued)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stone Point I. LLC
|
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
Gross Revenues
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
Profit on Sale of Properties
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less: Operation Expenses
|
|
|
(164,388
|
)
|
|
|
(150,278
|
)
|
|
|
(90,887
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest Expense
|
|
|
(125,149
|
)
|
|
|
(193,859
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(17,263
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation
|
|
|
(10,327
|
)
|
|
|
(4,400
|
)
|
|
|
(4,400
|
)
|
|
|
(367
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net Income (Loss) (Tax Basis)
|
|
$
|
(299,864
|
)
|
|
$
|
(348,537
|
)
|
|
$
|
(95,287
|
)
|
|
$
|
(17,630
|
)
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Taxable Income (Loss):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Operations
|
|
$
|
(299,864
|
)
|
|
$
|
(348,537
|
)
|
|
$
|
(95,287
|
)
|
|
$
|
(17,630
|
)
|
|
$
|
|
|
From Gain on Sale
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Generated From Operations
|
|
|
(247,533
|
)
|
|
|
(139,051
|
)
|
|
|
(108,150
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Generated from Sales
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Generated from Refinancing
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Cash Generated
|
|
|
(247,533
|
)
|
|
|
(139,051
|
)
|
|
|
(108,150
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less Cash Distributions to Investors:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Operating Cash Flow
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Sales and Refinancing
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Generated (Deficiency) After Cash Distributions
|
|
|
(247,533
|
)
|
|
|
(139,051
|
)
|
|
|
(108,150
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less: Special Items (not including sales and refinancing)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Generated (Deficiency) After Cash Distributions and Special
Items
|
|
$
|
(247,533
|
)
|
|
$
|
(139,051
|
)
|
|
$
|
(108,150
|
)
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tax and Distribution Data Per $1,000 Invested
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Federal Income Tax Results:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ordinary Income (Loss):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Operations
|
|
$
|
(186
|
)
|
|
$
|
(217
|
)
|
|
$
|
(67
|
)
|
|
$
|
(11
|
)
|
|
$
|
|
|
From Recapture
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital Gain (loss)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Distributions to Investors:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Source (on Tax Basis)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investment Income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Return of Capital
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,201
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Source (on Cash Basis)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sales
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Refinancing
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,201
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operations
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amount (in percentage terms) remaining invested in program
properties at the end of the last year reported in the Table
(original total acquisition cost of properties retained divided
by original acquisition costs of all properties in program)
|
|
|
100
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A-12
TABLE
III
OPERATING
RESULTS OF PRIOR REAL ESTATE PROGRAMS
(Continued)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Steadfast Roseville II, LLC
|
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
Gross Revenues
|
|
$
|
16,701
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
Profit on Sale of Properties
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less: Operation Expenses
|
|
|
(161,396
|
)
|
|
|
(11,385
|
)
|
|
|
(3,678
|
)
|
|
|
(11,606
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
Interest Expense
|
|
|
(272,901
|
)
|
|
|
(263,844
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(34,637
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation
|
|
|
(12,337
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(85,477
|
)
|
|
|
(3,688
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net Income (Loss) (Tax Basis)
|
|
$
|
(429,933
|
)
|
|
$
|
(275,229
|
)
|
|
$
|
(89,155
|
)
|
|
$
|
(49,931
|
)
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Taxable Income (Loss):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Operations
|
|
$
|
(429,933
|
)
|
|
$
|
(275,229
|
)
|
|
$
|
(89,155
|
)
|
|
$
|
(49,931
|
)
|
|
$
|
|
|
From Gain on Sale
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Generated From Operations
|
|
|
(429,080
|
)
|
|
|
(19,882
|
)
|
|
|
4,819
|
|
|
|
(15,294
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Generated from Sales
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Generated from Refinancing
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Cash Generated
|
|
|
(429,080
|
)
|
|
|
(19,882
|
)
|
|
|
4,819
|
|
|
|
(15,294
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
Less Cash Distributions to Investors:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Operating Cash Flow
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Sales and Refinancing
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Generated (Deficiency) After Cash Distributions
|
|
|
(429,080
|
)
|
|
|
(19,882
|
)
|
|
|
4,819
|
|
|
|
(15,294
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
Less: Special Items (not including sales and refinancing)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Generated (Deficiency) After Cash Distributions and Special
Items
|
|
$
|
(429,080
|
)
|
|
$
|
(19,882
|
)
|
|
$
|
4,819
|
|
|
$
|
(15,294
|
)
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tax and Distribution Data Per $1,000 Invested
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Federal Income Tax Results:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ordinary Income (Loss):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Operations
|
|
$
|
(221
|
)
|
|
$
|
(10
|
)
|
|
$
|
2
|
|
|
$
|
(8
|
)
|
|
$
|
|
|
From Recapture
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital Gain (loss)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Distributions to Investors:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Source (on Tax Basis)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investment Income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Return of Capital
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Source (on Cash Basis)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sales
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Refinancing
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operations
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amount (in percentage terms) remaining invested in program
properties at the end of the last year reported in the Table
(original total acquisition cost of properties retained divided
by original acquisition costs of all properties in program)
|
|
|
100
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A-13
TABLE
III
OPERATING
RESULTS OF PRIOR REAL ESTATE PROGRAMS
(Continued)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Steadfast Woodranch, LLC
|
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
Gross Revenues
|
|
$
|
442
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
Profit on Sale of Properties (Loss)
|
|
|
(905,136
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less: Operation Expenses
|
|
|
(168,902
|
)
|
|
|
(18,016
|
)
|
|
|
(31,908
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest Expense
|
|
|
(1,134,988
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(216,320
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation
|
|
|
(139,021
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net Income (Loss) (Tax Basis)
|
|
$
|
(2,347,605
|
)
|
|
$
|
(18,016
|
)
|
|
$
|
(248,228
|
)
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Taxable Income (Loss):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Operations
|
|
$
|
(1,442,469
|
)
|
|
$
|
(18,016
|
)
|
|
$
|
(248,228
|
)
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
From Gain on Sale
|
|
|
(905,136
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Generated From Operations
|
|
|
(1,303,448
|
)
|
|
|
(18,016
|
)
|
|
|
(31,908
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Generated from Sales
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Generated from Refinancing
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Cash Generated
|
|
|
(1,303,448
|
)
|
|
|
(18,016
|
)
|
|
|
(31,908
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less Cash Distributions to Investors:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Operating Cash Flow
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Sales and Refinancing
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Generated (Deficiency) After Cash Distributions
|
|
|
(1,303,448
|
)
|
|
|
(18,016
|
)
|
|
|
(31,908
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less: Special Items (not including sales and refinancing)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Generated (Deficiency) After Cash Distributions and Special
Items
|
|
$
|
(1,303,448
|
)
|
|
$
|
(18,016
|
)
|
|
$
|
(31,908
|
)
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tax and Distribution Data Per $1,000 Invested
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Federal Income Tax Results:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ordinary Income (Loss):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Operations
|
|
$
|
(1,903
|
)
|
|
$
|
(24
|
)
|
|
$
|
(42
|
)
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
From Recapture
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital Gain (loss)
|
|
|
(1,194
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Distributions to Investors:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Source (on Tax Basis)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investment Income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Return of Capital
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Source (on Cash Basis)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sales
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Refinancing
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operations
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amount (in percentage terms) remaining invested in program
properties at the end of the last year reported in the Table
(original total acquisition cost of properties retained divided
by original acquisition costs of all properties in program)
|
|
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A-14
TABLE
III
OPERATING
RESULTS OF PRIOR REAL ESTATE PROGRAMS
(Continued)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Westlake Plaza Center East, LLC
|
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
Gross Revenues
|
|
$
|
2,069,546
|
|
|
$
|
545,906
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
30,052
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
Profit on Sale of Properties
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less: Operation Expenses
|
|
|
(1,869,826
|
)
|
|
|
(856,397
|
)
|
|
|
(3,658
|
)
|
|
|
(81,194
|
)
|
|
|
(30,052
|
)
|
Interest Expense
|
|
|
(1,073,497
|
)
|
|
|
(371,867
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(828,040
|
)
|
|
|
(169,981
|
)
|
Depreciation
|
|
|
(1,595,309
|
)
|
|
|
(650,316
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net Income (Loss) (Tax Basis)
|
|
$
|
(2,469,086
|
)
|
|
$
|
(1,332,674
|
)
|
|
$
|
(3,658
|
)
|
|
$
|
(879,182
|
)
|
|
$
|
(200,033
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Taxable Income (Loss):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Operations
|
|
$
|
(2,469,086
|
)
|
|
$
|
(1,332,674
|
)
|
|
$
|
(3,658
|
)
|
|
$
|
(879,182
|
)
|
|
$
|
(200,033
|
)
|
From Gain on Sale
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Generated From Operations
|
|
|
280,512
|
|
|
|
(326,936
|
)
|
|
|
(3,658
|
)
|
|
|
211,422
|
|
|
|
169,981
|
|
Cash Generated from Sales
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Generated from Refinancing
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Cash Generated
|
|
|
280,512
|
|
|
|
(326,936
|
)
|
|
|
(3,658
|
)
|
|
|
211,422
|
|
|
|
169,981
|
|
Less Cash Distributions to Investors:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Operating Cash Flow
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Sales and Refinancing
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Generated (Deficiency) After Cash Distributions
|
|
|
280,512
|
|
|
|
(326,936
|
)
|
|
|
(3,658
|
)
|
|
|
211,422
|
|
|
|
169,981
|
|
Less: Special Items (not including sales and refinancing)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Generated (Deficiency) After Cash Distributions and Special
Items
|
|
$
|
280,512
|
|
|
$
|
(326,936
|
)
|
|
$
|
(3,658
|
)
|
|
$
|
211,422
|
|
|
$
|
169,981
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tax and Distribution Data Per $1,000 Invested
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Federal Income Tax Results:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ordinary Income (Loss):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Operations
|
|
$
|
(92
|
)
|
|
$
|
(12
|
)
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
(33
|
)
|
|
$
|
6
|
|
From Recapture
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital Gain (loss)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Distributions to Investors:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Source (on Tax Basis)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investment Income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Return of Capital
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
625
|
|
Source (on Cash Basis)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sales
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Refinancing
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
625
|
|
Operations
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amount (in percentage terms) remaining invested in program
properties at the end of the last year reported in the Table
(original total acquisition cost of properties retained divided
by original acquisition costs of all properties in program)
|
|
|
100
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A-15
TABLE
IV
RESULTS
OF COMPLETED PRIOR REAL ESTATE PROGRAMS
(UNAUDITED)
This table sets forth the results of completed prior real estate
programs for during the most recent five years through
December 31, 2009. Each of the prior real estate programs
for which information is presented below has similar or
identical investment objectives to this program.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Steadfast
|
|
Steadfast
|
|
|
Steadfast Bardeen,
|
|
Steadfast Main
|
|
Woodranch,
|
|
Foothill
|
|
|
LLC
|
|
Street, LP
|
|
LLC
|
|
Plaza, LLC
|
|
Dollar Amount Raised
|
|
$
|
855,000
|
|
|
$
|
1,192,561
|
|
|
$
|
757,860
|
|
|
$
|
7,550,000
|
|
Number of Properties Purchased
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
Date of Closing of Offering
|
|
|
8/13/2003
|
|
|
|
6/18/2004
|
|
|
|
4/25/2007
|
|
|
|
1/6/2005
|
|
Date of First Sale of Property
|
|
|
1/20/2005
|
|
|
|
2/26/2009
|
|
|
|
2/18/2009
|
|
|
|
5/12/2006
|
|
Date of Final Sale of Property
|
|
|
11/9/2005
|
|
|
|
2/26/2009
|
|
|
|
7/10/2009
|
|
|
|
5/12/2006
|
|
Tax and Distribution Data Per $1,000 Invested Through
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Federal Income Tax Results:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ordinary Income (Loss)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Operations
|
|
$
|
(1,726
|
)
|
|
$
|
(5,377
|
)
|
|
$
|
(1,903
|
)
|
|
$
|
(23
|
)
|
From Recapture
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(3,116
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital Gain (Loss)
|
|
|
2,065
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,194
|
)
|
|
|
4,423
|
|
Deferred Gain
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ordinary
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Distributions to Investors
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Source (on Tax Basis):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investment Income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,234
|
|
Return of Capital
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,000
|
|
Source (on Cash Basis):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sales
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,952
|
|
Refinancing
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operations
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
224
|
|
Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
58
|
|
Receivable on Net Purchase Money Financing
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A-16
TABLE
IV
RESULTS
OF COMPLETED PRIOR REAL ESTATE
PROGRAMS (Continued)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Steadfast
|
|
|
Steadfast
|
|
|
Birch
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Everett
|
|
|
Mission
|
|
|
Bayview
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Plaza, LLC
|
|
|
Viejo, LP
|
|
|
Plaza, LLC
|
|
|
Lady Luck
|
|
|
Dollar Amount Raised
|
|
$
|
607,438
|
|
|
$
|
7,815,000
|
|
|
$
|
3,300,000
|
|
|
$
|
4,742,629
|
|
Number of Properties Purchased
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
Date of Closing of Offering
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
8/30/2004
|
|
|
|
7/28/2000
|
|
|
|
10/30/2002
|
|
Date of First Sale of Property
|
|
|
1/31/2007
|
|
|
|
4/12/2005
|
|
|
|
2/23/2007
|
|
|
|
4/29/2005
|
|
Date of Final Sale of Property
|
|
|
1/31/2007
|
|
|
|
4/12/2005
|
|
|
|
2/23/2007
|
|
|
|
4/29/2005
|
|
Tax and Distribution Data Per $1,000 Invested Through
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Federal Income Tax Results:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ordinary Income (Loss)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Operations
|
|
$
|
(169
|
)
|
|
$
|
(114
|
)
|
|
$
|
(498
|
)
|
|
$
|
334
|
|
From Recapture
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital Gain (Loss)
|
|
|
3,108
|
|
|
|
451
|
|
|
|
4,960
|
|
|
|
1,672
|
|
Deferred Gain
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ordinary
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Distributions to Investors
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Source (on Tax Basis):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investment Income
|
|
|
1,939
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,465
|
|
|
|
918
|
|
Return of Capital
|
|
|
1,000
|
|
|
|
1,000
|
|
|
|
1,000
|
|
|
|
1,000
|
|
Source (on Cash Basis):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sales
|
|
|
2,939
|
|
|
|
1,000
|
|
|
|
4,900
|
|
|
|
1,918
|
|
Refinancing
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
394
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operations
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
171
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Receivable on Net Purchase Money Financing
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A-17
TABLE
IV
RESULTS
OF COMPLETED PRIOR REAL ESTATE
PROGRAMS (Continued)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Steadfast
|
|
|
|
|
Steadfast Koll
|
|
Village Center,
|
|
Steadfast
|
|
|
I, II, LLC
|
|
LLC
|
|
Vista, LP
|
|
Dollar Amount Raised
|
|
$
|
3,732,843
|
|
|
$
|
2,520,387
|
|
|
$
|
482,704
|
|
Number of Properties Purchased
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
Date of Closing of Offering
|
|
|
6/3/2005
|
|
|
|
6/8/2004
|
|
|
|
12/18/2003
|
|
Date of First Sale of Property
|
|
|
2/5/2008
|
|
|
|
3/23/2007
|
|
|
|
6/29/2004
|
|
Date of Final Sale of Property
|
|
|
2/5/2008
|
|
|
|
5/24/2007
|
|
|
|
6/29/2004
|
|
Tax and Distribution Data Per $1,000 Invested Through
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Federal Income Tax Results:
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
Ordinary Income (Loss)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From Operations
|
|
|
(244
|
)
|
|
|
(436
|
)
|
|
|
(91
|
)
|
From Recapture
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital Gain (Loss)
|
|
|
2,565
|
|
|
|
2,272
|
|
|
|
552
|
|
Deferred Gain
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ordinary
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Distributions to Investors
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Source (on Tax Basis):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investment Income
|
|
|
1,299
|
|
|
|
1,214
|
|
|
|
460
|
|
Return of Capital
|
|
|
1,000
|
|
|
|
1,000
|
|
|
|
1,000
|
|
Source (on Cash Basis):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sales
|
|
|
2,299
|
|
|
|
2,214
|
|
|
|
1,460
|
|
Refinancing
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operations
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Receivable on Net Purchase Money Financing
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A-18
TABLE
V
SALES OR
DISPOSALS OF PROPERTIES FOR PRIOR REAL ESTATE PROGRAMS
(UNAUDITED)
This table provides a summary of sales or disposals of
properties for prior real estate programs for during the most
recent three years through December 31, 2009. Each of the
prior real estate programs for which information is presented
below has similar or identical investment objectives to this
program.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Selling Price, Net of Closing Costs and GAAP Adjustments
|
|
Cost of Properties Including Closing and Soft Costs
|
|
Excess
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Purchase
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Deficiency) of
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Money
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Property
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mortgage
|
|
Adjustments
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating Cash
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Received
|
|
Mortgage
|
|
Taken Back
|
|
Resulting from
|
|
|
|
Original
|
|
Total Acquisition
|
|
|
|
Receipts Over
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net of Closing
|
|
Balance at Time
|
|
by
|
|
Application of
|
|
|
|
Mortgage
|
|
Cost, Closing
|
|
|
|
Cash
|
Property
|
|
Date Acquired
|
|
Date of Sale
|
|
Costs
|
|
of Sale
|
|
Program
|
|
GAAP
|
|
Total
|
|
Financing
|
|
and Soft Cost
|
|
Total Cost
|
|
Expenditures
|
|
Steadfast Everett Plaza, LLC
|
|
|
4/17/2006
|
|
|
|
1/31/2007
|
|
|
$
|
2,937,077
|
|
|
$
|
1,900,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
4,837,077
|
|
|
$
|
1,900,000
|
|
|
$
|
1,049,057
|
|
|
$
|
2,949,057
|
|
|
$
|
9,873
|
|
Steadfast Village Center, LLC
|
|
|
12/3/2004
|
|
|
|
3/23/2007
|
|
|
|
4,873,142
|
|
|
|
15,702,028
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
20,575,170
|
|
|
|
3,098,595
|
|
|
|
12,582,143
|
|
|
|
15,680,738
|
|
|
|
82,393
|
|
Steadfast Village Annex
|
|
|
12/3/2004
|
|
|
|
5/24/2007
|
|
|
|
1,235,740
|
|
|
|
4,651,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,886,740
|
|
|
|
144,178
|
|
|
|
4,910,984
|
|
|
|
5,055,162
|
|
|
|
|
|
Steadfast Main Street, LP
|
|
|
6/18/2004
|
|
|
|
2/26/2009
|
|
|
|
361,564
|
|
|
|
856,280
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,217,844
|
|
|
|
2,000,000
|
|
|
|
2,036,167
|
|
|
|
4,036,167
|
|
|
|
(6,072,271
|
)
|
Steadfast Koll I & II, LLC
|
|
|
6/3/2005
|
|
|
|
2/5/2008
|
|
|
|
9,198,027
|
|
|
|
15,901,388
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
25,099,415
|
|
|
|
14,648,015
|
|
|
|
877,938
|
|
|
|
15,525,953
|
|
|
|
248,960
|
|
Steadfast Woodranch, LLC(1)
|
|
|
4/25/2007
|
|
|
|
7/10/2009
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
28,227,751
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
28,227,751
|
|
|
|
9,464,323
|
|
|
|
19,668,564
|
|
|
|
29,132,887
|
|
|
|
(1,353,372
|
)
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Ownership interest in Steadfast Woodranch, LLC was assigned to a
mezzanine lender in exchange for the cancellation of
indebtedness as a result of the failure of the program to meet
its obligation under the corresponding loan agreement. |
A-19
FORM OF
DISTRIBUTION REINVESTMENT PLAN
This DISTRIBUTION REINVESTMENT PLAN (Plan) is
adopted by Steadfast Income REIT, Inc., a Maryland corporation
(the Company), pursuant to its charter (the
Charter). Unless otherwise defined herein,
capitalized terms shall have the same meaning as set forth in
the Charter.
1. Distribution Reinvestment. As
agent for the stockholders (Stockholders) of the
Company who purchase shares of the Companys common stock
(Shares) pursuant to (a) an unregistered private
placement of Shares (a Private Placement), (b) the
Companys initial registered public offering (the
Initial Offering) or (c) any future public
offering of the Shares (Future Offering), and who
elect to participate in the Plan (the Participants),
the Company will apply all distributions declared and paid in
respect of the Shares held by each Participant (the
Distributions), including Distributions paid with
respect to any full or fractional Shares acquired under the
Plan, to the purchase of Shares for such Participants directly,
if permitted under state securities laws and, if not, through
the Dealer Manager or Soliciting Dealers registered in the
Participants state of residence.
2. Effective Date. The effective
date of this Plan shall be the effective date of the Initial
Offering.
3. Procedure for
Participation. Any Stockholder who has
received a Prospectus, as contained in the registration
statement filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange
Commission (the SEC), may elect to become a
Participant by completing and executing the subscription
agreement, an enrollment form or any other appropriate
authorization form as may be made available by the Company, the
Dealer Manager or the Soliciting Dealer. Participation in the
Plan will begin with the next Distribution payable after
acceptance of a Participants subscription, enrollment or
authorization. Shares will be purchased under the Plan on the
date that Distributions are paid by the Company. The Company
intends to make Distributions on a monthly basis. Each
Participant agrees that if, at any time prior to the listing of
the Shares on a national stock exchange, such Participant does
not meet the minimum income and net worth standards for making
an investment in the Company or cannot make the other
representations or warranties set forth in the subscription
agreement, such Participant will promptly so notify the Company
in writing.
4. Purchase of
Shares. Participants will acquire Shares from
the Company under the Plan (the Plan Shares) at an
initial price equal to $9.50 per Share; provided, however, that
if the Company extends the Initial Offering beyond two years
from the date of its commencement, the Board of Directors may,
in its sole discretion, from time to time, change this price
based upon changes in the Companys estimated net asset
value per share and other factors that the Board of Directors
deems relevant. If the Company determines to change the price at
which the Company offer shares, the Company does not anticipate
that it will do so more frequently than quarterly.
Participants in the Plan may purchase fractional Shares so that
100% of the Distributions will be used to acquire Shares.
However, a Participant will not be able to acquire Plan Shares
to the extent that any such purchase would cause such
Participant to exceed the Aggregate Share Ownership Limit or the
Common Share Ownership Limit as set forth in the Charter or
otherwise would cause a violation of the Share ownership
restrictions set forth in the Charter.
Shares to be distributed by the Company in connection with the
Plan may (but are not required to) be supplied from:
(x) the Plan Shares which will be registered with the SEC
in connection with the Companys Initial Offering,
(y) Shares to be registered with the SEC in a Future
Offering for use in the Plan (a Future Registration)
or (z) Shares purchased by the Company for the Plan in a
secondary market (if available) or on a stock exchange (if
listed) (collectively, the Secondary Market).
Shares purchased in any Secondary Market will be purchased at
the then-prevailing market price, which price will be utilized
for purposes of issuing Shares in the Plan. Shares acquired by
the Company in any Secondary Market or registered in a Future
Registration for use in the Plan may be at prices lower or
higher than the Share price which will be paid for the Plan
Shares pursuant to the Initial Offering.
If the Company acquires Shares in any Secondary Market for use
in the Plan, the Company shall use its reasonable efforts to
acquire Shares at the lowest price then reasonably available.
However, the Company does
C-1
not in any respect guarantee or warrant that the Shares so
acquired and purchased by the Participant in the Plan will be at
the lowest possible price. Further, irrespective of the
Companys ability to acquire Shares in any Secondary Market
or to make a Future Offering for Shares to be used in the Plan,
the Company is in no way obligated to do either, in its sole
discretion.
5. Taxes. IT IS UNDERSTOOD THAT
REINVESTMENT OF DISTRIBUTIONS DOES NOT RELIEVE A PARTICIPANT OF
ANY INCOME TAX LIABILITY WHICH MAY BE PAYABLE ON THE
DISTRIBUTIONS.
6. Share Certificates. The
ownership of the Shares purchased through the Plan will be in
book-entry form unless and until the Company issues certificates
for its outstanding common stock.
7. Reports. Within 90 days
after the end of the Companys fiscal year, the Company
shall provide each Stockholder with an individualized report on
such Stockholders investment, including the purchase
date(s), purchase price and number of Shares owned, as well as
the dates of Distributions and amounts of Distributions paid
during the prior fiscal year. In addition, the Company shall
provide to each Participant an individualized quarterly report
at the time of each Distribution payment showing the number of
Shares owned prior to the current Distribution, the amount of
the current Distribution and the number of Shares owned after
the current Distribution.
8. Termination by Participant. A
Participant may terminate participation in the Plan at any time,
without penalty, by delivering to the Company a written notice.
Prior to the listing of the Shares on a national stock exchange,
any transfer of Shares by a Participant to a non-Participant
will terminate participation in the Plan with respect to the
transferred Shares. If a Participant terminates Plan
participation, the Company will ensure that the terminating
Participants account will reflect the whole number of
shares in such Participants account and provide a check
for the cash value of any fractional share in such account. Upon
termination of Plan participation for any reason, Distributions
will be distributed to the Stockholder in cash.
9. Amendment or Termination of Plan by the
Company. The Board of Directors may by
majority vote (including a majority of the Independent
Directors) amend or terminate the Plan for any reason upon ten
days written notice to the Participants; provided,
however, that the Board of Directors may not so amend the Plan
to restrict or remove the right of Participants to terminate
participation in the Plan at any time without penalty.
10. Liability of the Company. The
Company shall not be liable for any act done in good faith, or
for any good faith omission to act, including, without
limitation, any claims or liability (a) arising out of
failure to terminate a Participants account upon such
Participants death prior to receipt of notice in writing
of such death or (b) with respect to the time and the
prices at which Shares are purchased or sold for a
Participants account. To the extent that indemnification
may apply to liabilities arising under the Securities Act of
1933, as amended, or the securities laws of a particular state,
the Company has been advised that, in the opinion of the SEC and
certain state securities commissioners, such indemnification is
contrary to public policy and, therefore, unenforceable.
C-2
STEADFAST
INCOME REIT, INC.
UP TO $1,650,000,000 IN SHARES OF
COMMON STOCK
PROSPECTUS
You should rely only on the information contained in this
prospectus. No dealer, salesperson or other individual has been
authorized to give any information or to make any
representations that are not contained in this prospectus. If
any such information or statements are given or made, you should
not rely upon such information or representation. This
prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell any securities
other than those to which this prospectus relates, or an offer
to sell, or a solicitation of an offer to buy, to any person in
any jurisdiction where such an offer or solicitation would be
unlawful. This prospectus speaks as of the date set forth below.
You should not assume that the delivery of this prospectus or
that any sale made pursuant to this prospectus implies that the
information contained in this prospectus will remain fully
accurate and correct as of any time subsequent to the date of
this prospectus.
July 9, 2010
STEADFAST
INCOME REIT, INC.
SUPPLEMENT NO. 4 DATED DECEMBER 10, 2010
TO THE PROSPECTUS DATED JULY 9, 2010
This document supplements, and should be read in conjunction
with, our prospectus dated July 9, 2010, relating to our
offering of up to $1,650,000,000 in shares of our common stock.
This Supplement No. 4 supersedes and replaces all prior
supplements to the prospectus. Terms used and not otherwise
defined in this Supplement No. 4 shall have the same
meanings set forth in our prospectus. The purpose of this
Supplement No. 4 is to disclose:
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the status of our public offering;
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the termination of our private offering;
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suitability standards with respect to investors in Massachusetts;
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the acquisition of the Lincoln Tower Apartments, a multifamily
property located in Springfield, Illinois;
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the authorization of a cash distribution to our stockholders;
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selected financial data;
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our performance funds from operations and adjusted
funds from operations;
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a description of our portfolio as of September 30, 2010;
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information regarding our indebtedness;
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information regarding our distributions;
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information regarding redemption of shares;
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compensation paid to our advisor and its affiliates;
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an update to the Experts section of the prospectus;
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changes to our management and the management of our advisor;
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change in the ownership of our dealer manager;
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our Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q
for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2010, filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 15,
2010; and
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financial information required by
Rule 3-14
of
Regulation S-X
and our unaudited pro forma financial information with respect
to the acquisition of the Lincoln Tower Apartments.
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Status of
Our Public Offering
We commenced our initial public offering of up to $1,650,000,000
in shares of our common stock on July 19, 2010. As of
December 6, 2010, we had received and accepted
investors subscriptions for and issued 350,768 shares
of our common stock in our public offering, resulting in gross
offering proceeds of approximately $3,487,261. As of
December 6, 2010, approximately 149,649,232 shares of
our common stock remained available for sale to the public under
our initial public offering, excluding shares available under
our distribution reinvestment plan. We will sell shares of our
common stock in our initial public offering until the earlier of
July 9, 2012, unless extended, or the date on which the
maximum amount has been sold.
Termination
of Our Private Offering
On or about July 9, 2010, we terminated our private
offering of shares of common stock. We sold 637,279 shares
of common stock in our private offering for gross offering
proceeds of $5,844,325.
1
Suitability
Standards With Respect To Investors in Massachusetts
The following information should be read in conjunction with
the discussion contained in the Suitability
Standards section beginning on page i of our
prospectus.
Massachusetts It is recommended by the
Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Securities Division that
Massachusetts investors not invest, in the aggregate, more than
10% of their liquid net worth in this and similar direct
participation investments. Liquid net worth, as used in the
preceding sentence, is defined as that portion of net worth
which consists of cash, cash equivalents and readily marketable
securities.
Acquisition
of the Lincoln Tower Apartments
On August 11, 2010, or the closing date, we acquired a fee
simple interest in a multifamily property located in
Springfield, Illinois commonly known as the Lincoln Tower
Apartments, or the Lincoln Tower property, through SIR Lincoln
Tower, LLC, or SIR Lincoln Tower, a wholly owned subsidiary of
Steadfast Income REIT Operating Partnership, LP, our operating
partnership. On March 25, 2010, Steadfast Asset Holdings,
Inc., or Steadfast Holdings, an affiliate of our sponsor,
entered into a purchase agreement, or the purchase agreement,
with Chicago Land Trust Company, as trustee under trust
number
51-0615-0
dated August 15, 1967, an Illinois Land Trust by Towne
Realty, Inc., d/b/a Lincoln Tower, Inc., an unaffiliated third
party seller, or the seller, for the purchase of the Lincoln
Tower property. On the closing date, Steadfast Holdings assigned
the purchase agreement to SIR Lincoln Tower.
Financing
and Fees
SIR Lincoln Tower acquired the Lincoln Tower property for an
aggregate purchase price of approximately $9,500,000, exclusive
of closing costs. SIR Lincoln Tower financed the payment of the
purchase price for the Lincoln Tower property with
(1) proceeds from our private and public offerings and
(2) a loan in the aggregate principal amount of $6,650,000
from the seller, evidenced by a purchase money note dated
August 11, 2010, or the Lincoln Tower note. The terms of
the Lincoln Tower note are discussed below. An acquisition fee
of approximately $192,761 was earned by our advisor in
connection with the acquisition of the Lincoln Tower property;
however, such acquisition fee has been deferred pursuant to the
terms of the advisory agreement by and between us and our
advisor until our cumulative adjusted funds from operations (as
defined in the advisory agreement) exceed the lesser of
(1) the cumulative amount of any distributions paid to our
stockholders as of the date of reimbursement of the deferred fee
or (2) an amount that is equal to a 7.0% cumulative,
non-compounded, annual return on invested capital to our
stockholders as of the date of reimbursement of the deferred fee.
Lincoln
Tower Note
In connection with the acquisition of the Lincoln Tower
property, SIR Lincoln Tower borrowed $6,650,000 from seller
pursuant to the Lincoln Tower note. The Lincoln Tower note has a
term of sixty (60) months, ending September 1, 2015,
which we refer to as the initial maturity date,
provided that SIR Lincoln Tower has the option to extend the
initial maturity date for up to two successive periods of twelve
months each, which we refer to herein as extension
periods. The exercise by SIR Lincoln Tower of its option
to extend the initial maturity date is subject to, among other
things, the absence of any continuing event of default under the
Lincoln Tower note, or any event which, with the giving of
notice or the passage of time, or both, would constitute such an
event of default and the payment by SIR Lincoln Tower of an
extension fee equal to 0.25% of the then outstanding principal
balance of the Lincoln Tower note.
Interest on the outstanding principal balance of the Lincoln
Tower note will accrue at a rate of 6.0% per annum through the
initial maturity date, and a monthly payment of interest only in
the amount of $33,250 will be due and payable on the first day
of each month until the initial maturity date. Subject to any
extension period, the entire outstanding principal balance of
the Lincoln Tower note, plus any accrued and unpaid interest
thereon, is due and payable in full on the initial maturity
date. During an extension period, if any, interest on the
outstanding principal balance of the Lincoln Tower note will
accrue at a variable rate per
2
annum, reset monthly, equal to the sum of (1) the
prime rate (or base rate) as reported in
The Wall Street Journal on the fifth business day
preceding the applicable date of determination and (2) 2.0%
(provided that in no event shall the interest rate during an
extension period be less than 6.0%), and payments of principal
and interest will be due on the first day of each month. So long
as any payment due under the Lincoln Tower note remains past due
for 30 days or more, interest on the unpaid principal
balance of the Lincoln Tower note will accrue at a rate per
annum equal to the lesser of (1) 10.0% or (2) the
maximum interest rate permitted under applicable law. SIR
Lincoln Tower may prepay all or any portion of the outstanding
principal balance of the Lincoln Tower note without premium or
penalty provided that SIR Lincoln Tower provides prior written
notice of such prepayment to seller in accordance with the terms
of the Lincoln Tower note.
The Lincoln Tower note provides for customary events of default,
some with corresponding cure periods, including, without
limitation, payment defaults, failure to maintain required
insurance coverage, fraud or material misrepresentations or
omissions, bankruptcy related defaults, certain prohibited
transfers and cross-defaults under any other debt secured by the
Lincoln Tower property. In addition, an event of default will
occur under the Lincoln Tower note if SIR Lincoln Tower operates
any business other than the management and operation of the
Lincoln Tower property or acquires any real or personal property
other than the Lincoln Tower property. Upon an uncured event of
default by SIR Lincoln Tower, seller may declare all amounts due
under the Lincoln Tower note immediately due and payable in full.
The performance of the obligations of SIR Lincoln Tower under
the Lincoln Tower note is secured by a Purchase Money Mortgage,
Assignment of Rents, Leases and Security Agreement between SIR
Lincoln Tower and seller with respect to the Lincoln Tower
property, or the security agreement. In addition, pursuant to
the Acknowledgment and Agreement to Personal Liability For
Exceptions to Non-Recourse Liability, or the acknowledgment,
executed by us in connection with the Lincoln Tower note, we
have unconditionally and irrevocably agreed to pay to seller, or
its assigns, on demand, all amounts for which SIR Lincoln Tower
is personally liable under the Lincoln Tower note. The amounts
for which we are personally liable pursuant to the
acknowledgement include, but are not limited to, an amount of
the indebtedness under the Lincoln Tower note equal to any
losses incurred by seller in connection with (1) fraud or
material misrepresentation by SIR Lincoln Tower or us,
(2) failure by SIR Lincoln Tower to apply insurance and
condemnation proceeds with respect to the Lincoln Tower property
as required by the security agreement, (3) failure by SIR
Lincoln Tower to comply with the terms of the security agreement
with respect to the delivery of books and records, statements
and reports, (4) failure by SIR Lincoln Tower to apply
rents as required by the security agreement or pay to seller
upon demand all rents and security deposits to which seller is
entitled upon an event of default and (5) any waste or
impairment committed or permitted by SIR Lincoln Tower with
respect to the Lincoln Tower property. Our obligations pursuant
to the acknowledgment will survive any foreclosure proceeding,
foreclosure sale or delivery of any deed in lieu of foreclosure
with respect to the Lincoln Tower property, and seller may
pursue its remedies against us under the acknowledgment without
first exhausting its remedies against SIR Lincoln Tower or the
Lincoln Tower property.
Description
of the Property
The Lincoln Tower property is a 17-story, class B apartment
complex constructed in 1968. The Lincoln Tower property is
comprised of 190 residential units and approximately
8,800 rentable square feet of commercial office space,
which we refer to as the commercial space. The
Lincoln Tower property satisfies our general investment
objective to acquire stabilized, income-producing properties and
our focus on investments in workforce housing, or
housing generally available to gainfully employed community
workers, such as teachers, nurses, firefighters and office
workers.
The Lincoln Tower property features one, two and three-bedroom
floor plans ranging from approximately 750 square feet to
approximately 1,800 square feet. All residential units at
the Lincoln Tower property feature a master bedroom, a fully
equipped kitchen and a balcony. The Lincoln Tower property
contains underground parking facilities and a number of
community amenities, including a fitness center, a club room,
laundry facilities and extra storage space.
3
As of September 30, 2010, the residential units at the
Lincoln Tower property had an average market rent of
approximately $805 per unit and were approximately 86% leased.
As of September 30, 2010, the commercial space, which
represents approximately 4.9% of the rentable square feet of the
Lincoln Tower property, was approximately 95% occupied by seven
tenants with average lease terms of approximately
3.6 years. The lease terms of the seven tenants occupying
the commercial space expire between 2010 and 2014, subject to
tenant extension options. The tenants of the commercial space
are nonprofit, educational and consulting companies and pay an
average annual rent of approximately $17,200, or approximately
$14.30 per square foot. In addition, there are two leases with
AT&T/Cingular and US Cellular relating to cell towers
located on the Lincoln Tower property that have approximately
two years and three years, respectively, remaining on
the lease term and collectively generate approximately $41,700
per year in rent.
We believe that the Lincoln Tower property is suitable for its
intended purposes and is adequately covered by insurance. For
2009, the Lincoln Tower property was taxed at an effective rate
of 2.4%, reflecting estimated real estate taxes on the Lincoln
Tower property of approximately $238,000. Certain ongoing
capital improvements related to fire and life safety systems at
the Lincoln Tower property began on or about September 1,
2010.
The Lincoln Tower property is located in downtown Springfield on
South 2nd Street, directly across the street from the
Illinois State Capitol Complex and adjacent to the Illinois
Attorney Generals Office and State Bar Association, and is
within 6 miles of the Mid-Illinois Medical District and
both the University of Illinois at Springfield and the Southern
Illinois University School of Medicine. The Lincoln Tower
property faces competition from similar multifamily apartment
properties in the Springfield, Illinois
sub-market,
including Lincoln Square, Chatterton Place and Rosemoore, each
of which is a multifamily apartment property located within
three miles of the Lincoln Tower property.
For federal income tax purposes, we estimate that the
depreciable basis in the Lincoln Tower property will be
approximately $9,241,400. We will depreciate buildings based
upon an estimated useful life of 27.5 years.
Management
of the Property
On the closing date, SIR Lincoln Tower and Steadfast Management
Company, Inc., or the property manager, an affiliate of our
sponsor, entered into a property management agreement, or the
management agreement, pursuant to which the property manager
will serve as the exclusive leasing agent and manager of the
Lincoln Tower property. The management agreement contains
customary covenants by the property manager with respect to
leasing activities, employment of personnel, maintenance and
repairs, supervision of capital improvements, required liability
insurance coverage, collection of rents and other tenant charges
and monthly and annual financial reports. Pursuant to the
management agreement, SIR Lincoln Tower will pay the property
manager a monthly management fee in an amount equal to 3.5% of
the Lincoln Tower propertys gross revenues (as defined in
the management agreement) for each month. The management
agreement has an initial one year term and will continue
thereafter on a
month-to-month
basis unless either party gives prior notice of its desire to
terminate the management agreement, provided that SIR Lincoln
Tower may terminate the management agreement at any time without
cause upon thirty (30) days prior written notice to the
property manager. Pursuant to the management agreement, the
property manager has agreed to indemnify and hold harmless SIR
Lincoln Tower and its affiliates, officers, directors, employees
and agents from all liabilities or expenses incurred by any such
party resulting from the property managers gross
negligence, willful misconduct or breach of the management
agreement.
Authorization
of a Cash Distribution to Our Stockholders
On August 10, 2010, in connection with the acquisition of
the Lincoln Tower property, our board of directors authorized
and declared a cash distribution to our stockholders, or the
distribution. The distribution (1) accrues daily to our
stockholders of record as of the close of business on each day
commencing on
4
August 12, 2010, (2) is payable in cumulative amounts
on or before the 15th day of each calendar month with
respect to the prior month commencing in September 2010, and
(3) is calculated at a rate of $0.001917 per share of our
common stock per day, which, if paid each day over a
365-day
period, is equivalent to a 7.0% annualized distribution rate
based on a purchase price of $10.00 per share of our common
stock. There is no guaranty that we will pay distributions at
this rate in the future or at all. For more information on
distributions we have paid, see Information Regarding Our
Distributions below.
Selected
Financial Data
The following selected financial data should be read in
conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the
notes thereto and Managements Discussion and
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
contained in our quarterly report for the quarterly period ended
September 30, 2010, which is included herewith. Our
historical results are not necessarily indicative of results for
any future period.
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As of
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As of
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Selected Financial Data
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September 30, 2010
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December 31, 2009
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(unaudited)
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BALANCE SHEET DATA:
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Total assets
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$
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12,328,052
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$
|
202,007
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Redeemable common stock
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$
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2,387
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$
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Total liabilities
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$
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7,506,969
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$
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Total equity
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$
|
4,818,696
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$
|
202,007
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For the
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Nine Months Ended
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Year Ended
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September 30, 2010
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December 31, 2009
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(unaudited)
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STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS DATA:
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Total revenue
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$
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277,651
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$
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Total operating expenses
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(1,103,595
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)
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Total other expenses
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(381,864
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)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Net loss
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$
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(1,207,808
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)
|
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$
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|
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STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS DATA:
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Net cash used in operating activities
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$
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(162,787
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)
|
|
$
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|
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Net cash used in investing activities
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(2,850,000
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)
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Net cash provided by financing activities
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5,655,631
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|
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OTHER DATA:
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Distributions declared
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$
|
63,588
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$
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Funds
from Operations and Adjusted Funds from Operations
Our calculation of funds from operations, or FFO, which we
believe is consistent with the calculation of FFO as defined by
the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, or
NAREIT, and our calculation
5
of Adjusted Funds from Operations, as defined below, is
presented in the following table for the three and nine months
ended September 30, 2010:
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Three Months
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Nine Months
|
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Ended September 30, 2010
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Ended September 30, 2010
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Reconciliation of net loss to FFO:
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Net loss attributable to common stockholders
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$
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(780,538
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)
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$
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(1,206,808
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)
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Add:
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Depreciation of real estate assets
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50,199
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50,199
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Amortization of lease-related costs
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125,359
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125,359
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Less:
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Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest
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(1,000
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)
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(1,000
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)
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FFO
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$
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(605,980
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)
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$
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(1,032,250
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)
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|
|
|
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Reconciliation of FFO to AFFO:
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FFO
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$
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(605,980
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)
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$
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(1,032,250
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)
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Add: Acquisition expenses and fees
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294,753
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342,268
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AFFO
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$
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(311,227
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)
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$
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(689,982
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FFO per share
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$
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(.89
|
)
|
|
$
|
(2.82
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
AFFO per share
|
|
$
|
(.46
|
)
|
|
$
|
(1.89
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average shares
|
|
|
680,632
|
|
|
|
365,924
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Set forth below is additional information related to certain
items included in net loss, FFO and AFFO, above, which may be
helpful in assessing our operating results.
Significant
Items Included in Net Loss and FFO:
|
|
|
|
|
Interest expense from the amortization of deferred financing
costs related to notes payable of approximately $56,799 for the
three and nine months ended September 30, 2010,
respectively; and
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acquisition fees and expenses related to the purchase of real
estate of approximately $294,753 and $342,268 for the three and
nine months ended September 30, 2010, respectively.
|
Accounting for real estate assets in accordance with generally
accepted accounting principles in the United States, or
GAAP, utilizes historical cost accounting and assumes real
estate values diminish over time. In an effort to overcome the
difference between real estate values and historical cost
accounting for real estate assets, the Board of Governors of
NAREIT established the measurement tool of funds from
operations, or FFO. Since its introduction, FFO has become a
widely used non-GAAP financial measure among REITs. We believe
that FFO is helpful to investors as an additional measure of the
performance of an equity REIT. We compute FFO in accordance with
standards established by the Board of Governors of NAREIT in its
April 2002 White Paper, which we refer to as the White
Paper, and related implementation guidance, which may
differ from the methodology for calculating FFO utilized by
other equity REITs, and, accordingly, may not be comparable to
such other REITs. The White Paper defines FFO as net income
(loss) (computed in accordance with GAAP), excluding gains (or
losses) from sales, plus real estate related depreciation and
amortization, and after adjustments for unconsolidated
partnerships and joint ventures. While FFO is a relevant and
widely used measure of operating performance for REITs, it
should not be considered as an alternative to net income
(determined in accordance with GAAP) as an indication of
financial performance, or to cash flows from operating
activities (determined in accordance with GAAP) as a measure of
our liquidity, nor is it indicative of funds available to fund
our cash needs, including our ability to make distributions.
6
We also compute Adjusted Funds from Operations, or AFFO, as a
non-GAAP financial measure that we believe is a useful
supplemental measure of our performance. We compute AFFO by
adding any acquisition expenses and acquisition fees expensed by
us that are related to any property, loan or other investment
acquired or expected to be acquired by us and any non-operating,
non-cash charges incurred by us, such as impairments of property
or loans, any other than temporary impairments of marketable
securities, or other similar charges. AFFO is not intended to
represent cash flow for the period, and it only provides an
additional perspective on our ability to fund cash needs and
make distributions to stockholders by adjusting the effect of
the non-cash items included in FFO, as well as recurring capital
expenditures and leasing costs. We believe that net income or
loss is the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure to
AFFO. We also believe that AFFO provides useful information to
the investment community about our financial position as
compared to other REITs since AFFO is a widely reported measure
used by other REITs. However, other REITs may use different
methodologies for calculating AFFO and, accordingly, our AFFO
may not be comparable to other REITs.
Operating cash flow and FFO may also be used to fund all or a
portion of certain capitalizable items that are excluded from
FFO, such as tenant improvements, building improvements and
deferred leasing costs.
Our
Portfolio
Our portfolio consists of one multifamily property, the Lincoln
Tower property. For more information on the Lincoln Tower
property, see Acquisition of the Lincoln Tower
Apartments above.
Information
Regarding Our Indebtedness
In connection with the acquisition of the Lincoln Tower
property, we incurred $6,650,000 in indebtedness pursuant to the
Lincoln Tower note. As of September 30, 2010, $6,650,000 of
indebtedness remained outstanding on the Lincoln Tower note. For
more information on the Lincoln Tower Note, see
Acquisition of the Lincoln Tower Apartments
Financing and Fees Lincoln Tower Note above.
Information
Regarding Our Distributions
As described above, on August 10, 2010 our board of
directors approved a cash distribution that accrues at a rate of
$0.001917 per day for each share of our common stock. This
distribution began to accrue on August 12, 2010. The first
distributions were paid in September 2010. Distributions paid
during the quarter ended September 30, 2010 are presented
in the following table:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash used in
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
operating activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
for the nine months
|
|
|
|
Distributions Paid(1)
|
|
|
ended September
|
|
Period
|
|
Cash
|
|
|
% of Total
|
|
|
Reinvested(2)
|
|
|
% of Total
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
30, 2010
|
|
|
Third Quarter 2010
|
|
$
|
24,449
|
|
|
|
91
|
%
|
|
$
|
2,387
|
|
|
|
9
|
%
|
|
$
|
26,836
|
|
|
|
100
|
%
|
|
$
|
(162,787
|
)
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Represents the amount paid for distributions that accrued for
the month of August and paid in September. |
|
|
|
(2) |
|
Amount of distributions paid in shares of common stock pursuant
to the distribution reinvestment plan. |
All of the $24,449 in distributions paid in cash during the
third quarter of 2010 were paid from proceeds from our private
or public offerings.
In October and November 2010, we paid cash distributions of
$36,752 and $35,310, respectively, and $5,793 and $11,606 of
shares were reinvested pursuant to our distribution reinvestment
plan.
Information
Regarding Redemption of Shares
As of September 30, 2010, we had not received any requests
to redeem shares of our common stock.
7
Compensation
Paid to Our Advisor and its Affiliates
The following data supplements, and should be read in
conjunction with, the section of our prospectus captioned
Management Compensation.
The following table summarizes the cumulative compensation, fees
and reimbursements we paid to our advisor, Steadfast Income
Advisor, LLC, and its affiliates, including the dealer manager,
during the nine months ended September 30, 2010.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nine Months
|
|
|
|
Ended
|
|
Type of Fee or Reimbursement
|
|
September 30, 2010
|
|
|
Offering Stage:
|
|
|
|
|
Selling commissions
|
|
$
|
338,360
|
|
Dealer manager fees
|
|
$
|
202,427
|
|
Other organization and offering expenses(1)
|
|
$
|
442,384
|
|
Operational Stage:
|
|
|
|
|
Acquisition fee(2)
|
|
$
|
|
|
Acquisition expense(3)
|
|
$
|
65,155
|
|
Investment management fee(4)
|
|
$
|
|
|
Property management and leasing fee(4)
|
|
$
|
|
|
Reimbursement of property management onsite personnel costs
|
|
$
|
33,660
|
|
Operating expenses(5)
|
|
$
|
274,880
|
|
Disposition Stage:
|
|
|
|
|
Disposition fee
|
|
|
|
|
Issuance of shares of convertible stock
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Our advisor incurred $423,707 of private offering costs and
$100,738 of organization costs ($82,061 of which remains
reimbursable to the advisor). |
|
(2) |
|
An acquisition fee of $192,761 was earned by our advisor in
connection with the acquisition of the Lincoln Tower property;
however, payment of such acquisition fee to our advisor has been
deferred pursuant to the terms of the advisory agreement by and
between us and our advisor until our cumulative adjusted funds
from operations (as defined in the advisory agreement) exceed
the lesser of (1) the cumulative amount of any
distributions paid to our stockholders as of the date of
reimbursement of the deferred fee or (2) an amount that is
equal to a 7.0% cumulative, non-compounded, annual return on
invested capital to our stockholders as of the date of
reimbursement of the deferred fee. |
|
(3) |
|
Our advisor incurred $71,842 of acquisition expenses ($6,687 of
which remains reimbursable to the advisor). |
|
(4) |
|
An investment management fee of $12,850 and a property
management fee of $11,797 was earned by our advisor in
connection with the acquisition of the Lincoln Tower property;
however, payment of such investment management fees have been
deferred. |
|
(5) |
|
Our advisor incurred $284,736 of operating expenses on our
behalf ($9,856 of which remains reimbursable to the advisor). |
As of September 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009, fees
and reimbursements accrued but not yet paid were $110,401 and
zero, respectively, representing organization and offering
costs, advances for operating expenses due to affiliates, and
property management fees.
Changes
to Our Management and the Management of Our Advisor
Effective September 7, 2010 Dinesh K. Davar resigned from
his position as our advisors Chief Financial Officer and
James M. Kasim was appointed as our advisors Chief
Financial Officer.
On November 9, 2010, Dinesh K. Davar, our Chief Financial
Officer and Treasurer, resigned from his respective positions
with us, effective as of November 9, 2010. On
November 9, 2010, our board of directors
8
appointed James M. Kasim to serve as our Chief Financial Officer
and Treasurer, effective as of November 9, 2010.
James M. Kasim, age 41, serves as our Chief
Financial Officer and Treasurer and as the Chief Financial
Officer of our advisor. In this capacity, Mr. Kasim is
responsible for all areas of finance and accounting related to
us and our advisor in its capacity as advisor to Steadfast
Income REIT, Inc. and its subsidiaries, including Steadfast
Income Operating Partnership, L.P. Mr. Kasim previously
served as Chief Financial Officer of Pacific Office Properties
Trust, Inc. (NYSE Amex: PCE), a publicly traded real estate
investment trust, from February 2008 to September 2009. At
Pacific Office Properties Trust, Mr. Kasim was responsible
for all areas of finance and accounting and was integrally
involved in the capital markets initiatives of the company,
including its formation transactions and initial listing on the
NYSE Amex as a publicly traded company. Mr. Kasim also
previously served as President and Chief Operating Officer and
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Bentley
Forbes, a national private commercial real estate company with a
portfolio in excess of $2 Billion from September 2009 to May
2010 and from June 2005 to July 2007, respectively. In addition,
Mr. Kasim previously served for approximately eleven years,
most recently as a Senior Manager, with Ernst &
Youngs Real Estate and Hospitality practice.
Mr. Kasim received a Bachelor of Science Degree in Business
Administration from California State University, Northridge and
a Masters in Business Administration, with honors, from the
Marshall School of Business at the University of Southern
California. Mr. Kasim is a Certified Public Accountant and
a member of the American Institute of Certified Public
Accountants and the California State Society of Certified Public
Accountants. Mr. Kasim has also served as Adjunct Professor
for the School of Policy, Planning and Development at the
University of Southern California in the Masters Degree in
Real Estate Development Program and continues to serve as a
guest lecturer for many of the University of Southern
Californias other programs.
Change in
the Ownership of Our Dealer Manager
On September 1, 2010, Steadfast REIT Holdings, LLC, or
Steadfast Holdings, an affiliate of our sponsor, acquired 76% of
the outstanding membership interest in our dealer manager from
Aaron G. Cook, the President of our dealer manager. Prior to the
acquisition, Steadfast Holdings held 24% of the outstanding
membership interests of our dealer manager and the acquisition
of the remaining 76% was conditioned upon certain conditions and
regulatory approval.
Experts
The Experts section on page 164 of the
prospectus is hereby amended by adding the following:
The statement of revenues over certain operating expenses of the
Lincoln Tower property for the fiscal year ended
February 28, 2010 included in this prospectus has been
audited by Ernst & Young LLP, independent auditors, as
stated in their report appearing herein (which report on the
statement of revenues over certain operating expenses expresses
an unqualified opinion and includes an explanatory paragraph
referring to the purpose of the statement), and has been so
included in reliance upon the report of such firm given on their
authority as experts in accounting and auditing.
Quarterly
Report for the Quarter Ended September 30, 2010
On November 15, 2010, we filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission our Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q
for the quarter ended September 30, 2010, a copy of which
is attached to this Supplement as Exhibit A (without
exhibits).
Rule 3-14
Financial Information With Regard to the Lincoln Tower
Property
The financial information required by
Rule 3-14
of
Regulation S-X
with respect to the acquisition of the Lincoln Tower property is
attached to the Supplement as Exhibit B.
9
EXHIBIT
A
QUARTERLY
REPORT ON
FORM 10-Q
FOR THE QUARTER ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2010
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND
EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C.
20549
FORM 10-Q
|
|
|
(Mark One)
|
|
|
þ
|
|
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the quarterly period ended
September 30, 2010
|
|
|
|
|
OR
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
o
|
|
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the transition period
from to
|
Commission file number
333-160748
STEADFAST INCOME REIT,
INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as
Specified in Its Charter)
|
|
|
Maryland
|
|
27-0351641
|
(State or Other Jurisdiction
of
Incorporation or Organization)
|
|
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
|
|
|
|
18100 Von Karman Avenue, Suite 500
Irvine, California
(Address of Principal
Executive Offices)
|
|
92612
(Zip
Code)
|
(949) 852-0700
(Registrants Telephone number, Including area code)
N/A
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if
changed since last report)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has
filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or
15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the
preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has
been subject to such filing requirements for the past
90 days. Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted
electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any,
every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted
pursuant to Rule 405 of
Regulation S-T
during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period
that the registrant was required to submit and post such
files). Yes o No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large
accelerated filed, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated
filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of
large accelerated filer, accelerated
filer and smaller reporting company in
Rule 12b-2
of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Large accelerated
filer o
|
|
Accelerated
filer o
|
|
Non-accelerated
filer o
(Do not check if a smaller
reporting company)
|
|
Smaller reporting
company þ
|
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company
(as defined in
Rule 12b-2
of the Exchange
Act). Yes o No þ
As of November 11, 2010, there were 849,510 shares of
the Registrants common stock issued and outstanding.
STEADFAST
INCOME REIT, INC.
INDEX
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Page
|
|
PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION
|
|
|
|
|
Item 1. Financial Statements
|
|
|
2
|
|
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2010
(unaudited) and December 31, 2009
|
|
|
2
|
|
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine
months ended September 30, 2010 (unaudited)
|
|
|
3
|
|
Consolidated Statements of Equity for the period from
May 4, 2009 (inception) to December 31, 2009 and for
the nine months ended September 30, 2010 (unaudited)
|
|
|
4
|
|
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the nine months ended
September 30, 2010 (unaudited)
|
|
|
5
|
|
Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements as of
September 30, 2010 (unaudited)
|
|
|
6
|
|
Item 2. Managements Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
|
|
|
30
|
|
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About
Market Risk
|
|
|
43
|
|
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
|
|
|
44
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PART II OTHER INFORMATION
|
|
|
45
|
|
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
|
|
|
45
|
|
Item 1A. Risk Factors
|
|
|
45
|
|
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of
Proceeds
|
|
|
45
|
|
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
|
|
|
45
|
|
Item 4. Reserved
|
|
|
45
|
|
Item 5. Other Information
|
|
|
46
|
|
Item 6. Exhibits
|
|
|
46
|
|
Signatures
|
|
|
48
|
|
1
PART I
FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
|
|
Item 1.
|
Financial
Statements
|
Steadfast
Income REIT, Inc.
(formerly Steadfast Secure Income REIT, Inc.)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
September 30,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
|
(Unaudited)
|
|
|
|
|
ASSETS
|
Real Estate:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Land
|
|
$
|
258,600
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
Building and improvements
|
|
|
8,741,736
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tenant origination and absorption costs
|
|
|
499,664
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total real estate, cost
|
|
|
9,500,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
(175,558
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total real estate, net
|
|
|
9,324,442
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
2,844,851
|
|
|
|
202,007
|
|
Rents and other receivables
|
|
|
108,327
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred financing costs and other assets, net
|
|
|
50,432
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets
|
|
$
|
12,328,052
|
|
|
$
|
202,007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
|
Liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
|
|
$
|
504,205
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
Note payable
|
|
|
6,650,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
Distributions payable
|
|
|
36,752
|
|
|
|
|
|
Due to affiliates
|
|
|
316,012
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities
|
|
|
7,506,969
|
|
|
|
|
|
Commitments and contingencies (Note 11)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Redeemable common stock
|
|
|
2,387
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equity
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stockholders Equity:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share;
100,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common stock, $0.01 par value per share;
999,999,000 shares authorized, 772,143 and
22,223 shares issued and outstanding at September 30,
2010 and December 31, 2009, respectively
|
|
|
7,721
|
|
|
|
222
|
|
Convertible stock, $0.01 par value per share;
1,000 shares issued and outstanding as of
September 30, 2010 and December 31, 2009
|
|
|
10
|
|
|
|
10
|
|
Additional paid-in capital
|
|
|
6,081,361
|
|
|
|
200,775
|
|
Cumulative distributions and net losses
|
|
|
(1,270,396
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total stockholders equity
|
|
|
4,818,696
|
|
|
|
201,007
|
|
Noncontrolling interest
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total equity
|
|
|
4,818,696
|
|
|
|
202,007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities and equity
|
|
$
|
12,328,052
|
|
|
$
|
202,007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
2
PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
|
|
Item 1.
|
Financial
Statements (continued)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Three
|
|
|
For the Nine
|
|
|
|
Months Ended
|
|
|
Months Ended
|
|
|
|
September 30, 2010
|
|
|
September 30, 2010
|
|
|
Revenues:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rental income
|
|
$
|
263,425
|
|
|
$
|
263,425
|
|
Tenant reimbursements and other
|
|
|
14,226
|
|
|
|
14,226
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenues
|
|
|
277,651
|
|
|
|
277,651
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating, maintenance and management
|
|
|
86,087
|
|
|
|
86,087
|
|
Real estate taxes and insurance
|
|
|
46,137
|
|
|
|
46,137
|
|
Fees to affiliates
|
|
|
217,408
|
|
|
|
217,408
|
|
Depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
175,558
|
|
|
|
175,558
|
|
Interest expense
|
|
|
56,799
|
|
|
|
56,799
|
|
General and administrative expenses
|
|
|
375,208
|
|
|
|
753,963
|
|
Acquisition costs
|
|
|
101,992
|
|
|
|
149,507
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,059,189
|
|
|
|
1,485,459
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss
|
|
|
(781,538
|
)
|
|
|
(1,207,808
|
)
|
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest
|
|
|
1,000
|
|
|
|
1,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss attributable to common stockholders
|
|
$
|
(780,538
|
)
|
|
$
|
(1,206,808
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss per common share basic and diluted
|
|
$
|
(1.15
|
)
|
|
$
|
(3.30
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average number of common shares
outstanding basic and diluted
|
|
|
680,632
|
|
|
|
365,924
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Distributions declared per common share
|
|
$
|
.096
|
|
|
$
|
.096
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
3
PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
|
|
Item 1.
|
Financial
Statements (continued)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stockholders Equity
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common Stock
|
|
|
Convertible Stock
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cumulative
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additional
|
|
|
Distributions
|
|
|
Stock-
|
|
|
Non-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Paid-in
|
|
|
and Net
|
|
|
holders
|
|
|
Controlling
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
Shares
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
Shares
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
Capital
|
|
|
Losses
|
|
|
Equity
|
|
|
Interest
|
|
|
Equity
|
|
|
BALANCE, May 4, 2009 (Inception)
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
Issuance of common stock
|
|
|
22,223
|
|
|
|
222
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
199,785
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
200,007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
200,007
|
|
Issuance of convertible stock
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,000
|
|
|
|
10
|
|
|
|
990
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,000
|
|
Contribution from noncontrolling interest
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,000
|
|
|
|
1,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BALANCE, December 31, 2009
|
|
|
22,223
|
|
|
|
222
|
|
|
|
1,000
|
|
|
|
10
|
|
|
|
200,775
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
201,007
|
|
|
|
1,000
|
|
|
|
202,007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Issuance of common stock
|
|
|
749,920
|
|
|
|
7,499
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,800,709
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,808,208
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,808,208
|
|
Transfers to redeemable common stock
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2,387
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2,387
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2,387
|
)
|
Commissions on sales of common stock and related dealer manager
fees
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(540,787
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(540,787
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(540,787
|
)
|
Other offering costs
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(423,707
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(423,707
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(423,707
|
)
|
Distributions declared
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(63,588
|
)
|
|
|
(63,588
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(63,588
|
)
|
Amortization of stock-based compensation
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
46,758
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
46,758
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
46,758
|
|
Net loss for nine months ended September 30, 2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,206,808
|
)
|
|
|
(1,206,808
|
)
|
|
|
(1,000
|
)
|
|
|
(1,207,808
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BALANCE, September 30, 2010
|
|
|
772,143
|
|
|
$
|
7,721
|
|
|
|
1,000
|
|
|
$
|
10
|
|
|
$
|
6,081,361
|
|
|
$
|
(1,270,396
|
)
|
|
$
|
4,818,696
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
4,818,696
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
4
PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
|
|
Item 1.
|
Financial
Statements (continued)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss
|
|
$
|
(1,207,808
|
)
|
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating
activities:
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
175,558
|
|
Amortization of deferred finance costs
|
|
|
274
|
|
Stock-based compensation
|
|
|
80,505
|
|
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
Rent and other receivables
|
|
|
(15,827
|
)
|
Other assets
|
|
|
(15,706
|
)
|
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
|
|
|
504,205
|
|
Due to affiliates
|
|
|
316,012
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash used in operating activities
|
|
|
(162,787
|
)
|
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
|
|
|
|
|
Acquisition of real estate investments
|
|
|
(2,850,000
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash used in investing activities
|
|
|
(2,850,000
|
)
|
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
|
|
|
|
|
Proceeds from issuance of common stock
|
|
|
6,679,574
|
|
Payments of commissions on sales of common stock and related
dealer manager fees
|
|
|
(540,787
|
)
|
Reimbursement of other offering costs to affiliates
|
|
|
(423,707
|
)
|
Distributions paid to common stockholders
|
|
|
(24,449
|
)
|
Payment of deferred financing costs
|
|
|
(35,000
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by financing activities
|
|
|
5,655,631
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
2,642,844
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
|
|
|
202,007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period
|
|
$
|
2,844,851
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information:
|
|
|
|
|
Interest paid
|
|
$
|
23,275
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supplemental Disclosure of Noncash Transactions:
|
|
|
|
|
Increase in distributions payable
|
|
$
|
36,752
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Issuance of note payable to acquire real estate
|
|
$
|
6,650,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Distributions paid to common stockholders through common stock
issuances pursuant to the distribution reinvestment plan
|
|
$
|
2,387
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
5
PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
|
|
Item 1.
|
Financial
Statements (continued)
|
STEADFAST
INCOME REIT, INC.
September 30, 2010
(unaudited)
|
|
1.
|
Organization
and Business
|
Steadfast Income REIT, Inc. (formerly Steadfast Secure Income
REIT, Inc.) (the Company) was formed on May 4,
2009, as a Maryland corporation that intends to qualify as a
real estate investment trust (REIT). On
June 12, 2009, the Company was initially capitalized
pursuant to the sale of 22,223 shares of common stock to
Steadfast REIT Investments, LLC (the Sponsor) at a
purchase price of $9.00 per share for an aggregate purchase
price of $200,007. On July 10, 2009, Steadfast Income
Advisors, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company formed on
May 1, 2009 (the Advisor), invested $1,000 in
the Company in exchange for 1,000 shares of convertible
stock (the Convertible Stock) as described in
Note 7.
Substantially all of the Companys business is conducted
through Steadfast Income REIT Operating Partnership, L.P., a
Delaware limited partnership formed on July 6, 2009 (the
Operating Partnership). The Company is the sole
general partner of, and owns a 0.01% partnership interest in,
the Operating Partnership. The Company and Advisor entered into
an Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement of the
Operating Partnership (the Partnership Agreement) on
September 28, 2009. Pursuant to the Partnership Agreement,
the Company contributes funds as necessary to the Operating
Partnership.
On October 13, 2009, the Company commenced a private
offering of up to $94,000,000 in shares of the Companys
common stock, subject to an option to increase the offering by
up to $18,800,000 in shares of common stock, at a purchase price
of $9.40 per share (with discounts available for certain
categories of purchasers) (the Private Offering).
The Company offered its shares of common stock for sale in the
Private Offering pursuant to a confidential private placement
memorandum and only to persons that were accredited
investors, as that term is defined under the Securities
Act of 1933, as amended, and Regulation D promulgated
thereunder. On or about July 9, 2010, the Company
terminated the Private Offering and on July 19, 2010 the
Company commenced its registered public offering described below
(the Public Offering). The Company had sold
637,279 shares of common stock in the Private Offering for
gross proceeds of $5,844,325. As of December 31, 2009, no
shares had been sold in the Private Offering.
On July 23, 2009, the Company filed a registration
statement on
Form S-11
with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the
SEC) to offer a maximum of 150,000,000 shares
of common stock for sale to the public at an initial price of
$10.00 per share (the Public Offering). The Company
is also offering up to 15,789,474 shares of common stock
pursuant to the Companys distribution reinvestment plan
(the DRP) at an initial price of $9.50 per share.
The SEC declared the Companys registration statement
effective on July 9, 2010. The Company commenced its Public
Offering on July 19, 2010. If the Company extends the
Public Offering beyond two years from the date the registration
statement was declared effective, the Companys board of
directors may, from time to time, in its sole discretion, change
the price at which the Company offers shares to the public in
the Public Offering or to its stockholders pursuant to the DRP
to reflect changes in the Companys estimated net asset
value per share and other factors that the Companys board
of directors deems relevant. The Company may reallocate the
shares between the Public Offering and the DRP. As of
September 30, 2010, the Company had sold 93,751 shares
of common stock in the Public Offering for gross proceeds of
$930,137, including 251 shares of common stock issued
pursuant to the DRP for gross offering proceeds of $2,387.
The Company intends to use substantially all of the net proceeds
from the Private Offering and the Public Offering to invest in
and manage a diverse portfolio of real estate investments,
primarily in the multifamily sector, located throughout the
United States. In addition to the Companys focus on
multifamily properties, the
6
PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
|
|
Item 1.
|
Financial
Statements (continued)
|
STEADFAST
INCOME REIT, INC.
CONDENSED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30,
2010
(unaudited)
Company may also selectively invest in industrial properties and
other types of commercial properties. The Company may also
acquire or originate mortgage, mezzanine, bridge and other real
estate loans and equity securities of other real estate
companies.
The business of the Company is primarily externally managed by
the Advisor, pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, dated
September 28, 2009, by and between the Company and the
Advisor, which was amended and restated on May 4, 2010 (the
Advisory Agreement). The Company has retained
Steadfast Capital Markets Group LLC (the Dealer
Manager), an affiliate of the Company, to serve as the
dealer manager of the Public Offering. The Dealer Manager will
be responsible for marketing the Companys shares of common
stock being offered pursuant to the Public Offering.
As the Company accepts subscriptions for shares of its common
stock, it will transfer substantially all of the net proceeds of
the Public Offering to the Operating Partnership as a capital
contribution. The Partnership Agreement provides that the
Operating Partnership will be operated in a manner that will
enable the Company to (1) satisfy the requirements for
being classified as a REIT for tax purposes, (2) avoid any
federal income or excise tax liability, and (3) ensure that
the Operating Partnership will not be classified as a
publicly traded partnership for purposes of
Section 7704 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as
amended (the Internal Revenue Code), which
classification could result in the Operating Partnership being
taxed as a corporation, rather than as a partnership. In
addition to the administrative and operating costs and expenses
incurred by the Operating Partnership in acquiring and operating
real properties, the Operating Partnership will pay all of the
Companys administrative costs and expenses, and such
expenses will be treated as expenses of the Operating
Partnership.
The Company commenced its operations on August 11, 2010
upon acquiring a fee simple interest in a multifamily property
located in Springfield, Illinois which represents the
Companys sole investment in real property as of
September 30, 2010.
|
|
2.
|
Summary
of Significant Accounting Policies
|
Principles
of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of
the Company, the Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries. All
significant intercompany balances and transactions are
eliminated in consolidation. The financial statements of the
Companys subsidiaries are prepared using accounting
policies consistent with those of the Company. The Company
evaluates subsequent events up until the date the consolidated
financial statements are issued.
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements
have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally
accepted accounting principles (GAAP) for interim
financial information as contained within the Financial
Accounting Standards Board (FASB), Accounting
Standards Codification (ASC) and the rules and
regulations of the SEC, including the instructions to
Form 10-Q
and Article 10 of
Regulation S-X.
Accordingly, the unaudited consolidated financial statements do
not include all of the information and footnotes required by
GAAP for audited financial statements. In the opinion of
management, the financial statements for the unaudited interim
periods presented include all adjustments, which are of a normal
and recurring nature, necessary for a fair and consistent
presentation of the results for such periods. Operating results
for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2010 are
not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected
for the year ending December 31, 2010.
7
PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
|
|
Item 1.
|
Financial
Statements (continued)
|
STEADFAST
INCOME REIT, INC.
CONDENSED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30,
2010
(unaudited)
Use of
Estimates
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in
conformity with GAAP requires the Company to make estimates and
assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated
financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results
could materially differ from those estimates.
Real
Estate Assets
Real
Estate Acquisition Purchase Price Allocation
In accordance with ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations,
the Company records the acquisition of income-producing real
estate or real estate that will be used for production of income
as a business combination. Above-market and below-market
in-place lease values for acquired properties based on the
present value (using an interest rate that reflects the risks
associated with the leases acquired) of the difference between
(i) the contractual amounts to be paid pursuant to the
in-place leases and (ii) the Companys estimate of
fair market lease rates for the corresponding in-place leases,
measured over a period equal to the remaining non-cancelable
term of the lease. The Company amortizes any capitalized
above-market or below-market lease values as an increase or
reduction to rental income over the remaining non-cancelable
terms of the respective leases. Acquisition costs are generally
expensed as incurred.
The Company measures the aggregate value of other intangible
assets acquired based on the difference between (i) the
property valued with existing in-place leases adjusted to market
rental rates and (ii) the property valued as if vacant. The
Companys estimates of value are made using methods similar
to those used by independent appraisers (e.g., discounted cash
flow analysis). Factors considered by the Company in its
analysis include an estimate of carrying costs during
hypothetical expected
lease-up
periods, considering current market conditions and costs to
execute similar leases.
The Company considers information obtained about each property
as a result of its pre-acquisition due diligence, marketing and
leasing activities in estimating the fair value of the tangible
and intangible assets acquired. In estimating carrying costs,
the Company also includes real estate taxes, insurance and other
operating expenses and estimates of lost rentals at market rates
during the expected
lease-up
periods. The Company estimates costs to execute similar leases
including leasing commissions and legal and other related
expenses to the extent that such costs are not already incurred
in connection with a new lease origination as part of the
transaction.
The total amount of other intangible assets acquired is further
allocated to in-place lease values and customer relationship
intangible values based on the Companys evaluation of the
specific characteristics of each tenants lease and the
Companys overall relationship with that respective tenant.
Characteristics considered by the Company in allocating these
values include the nature and extent of the Companys
existing business relationships with the tenant, growth
prospects for developing new business with the tenant, the
tenants credit quality and expectations of lease renewals
(including those existing under the terms of the lease
agreement), among other factors.
The Company amortizes the value of in-place leases to expense
over the initial term of the respective leases. The value of
customer relationship intangibles are amortized to expense over
the initial term and any renewal periods in the respective
leases, but in no event does the amortization period for the
intangible assets
8
PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
|
|
Item 1.
|
Financial
Statements (continued)
|
STEADFAST
INCOME REIT, INC.
CONDENSED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30,
2010
(unaudited)
exceed the remaining depreciable life of the building. Should a
tenant terminate its lease, the unamortized portion of the
in-place lease value and customer relationship intangibles are
charged to expense in that period.
Impairment
of Real Estate Assets and Related Intangible Assets and
Liabilities
The Company continually monitors events and changes in
circumstances that could indicate that the carrying amounts of
its real estate and related intangible assets may not be
recoverable. When indicators of potential impairment suggest
that the carrying value of real estate and related intangible
assets may not be recoverable, the Company assesses the
recoverability of the assets by estimating whether the Company
will recover the carrying value of the asset through its
undiscounted future cash flows and its eventual disposition.
Based on this analysis, if the Company does not believe that it
will be able to recover the carrying value of the asset, the
Company records an impairment loss to the extent that the
carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value of the real
estate and related intangible assets and liabilities. The
Company did not record any impairment loss on its real estate
and related intangible assets and liabilities during the three
and nine months ended September 30, 2010.
Depreciation
Real estate costs related to the acquisition, development,
construction, and improvement of properties are capitalized.
Repair and maintenance costs will be charged to expense as
incurred and significant replacements and betterments will be
capitalized. Repair and maintenance costs include all costs that
do not extend the useful life of the real estate asset. The
Company considers the period of future benefit of an asset to
determine its appropriate useful life. The Company anticipates
the estimated useful lives of its assets by class to be
generally as follows:
|
|
|
Buildings
|
|
25-40 years
|
Building improvements
|
|
10-25 years
|
Tenant improvements
|
|
Shorter of lease term or expected useful life
|
Tenant origination and absorption costs
|
|
Remaining term of related lease
|
Furniture, fixtures, and equipment
|
|
7-10 years
|
Cash
and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased
with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash
equivalents. Cash equivalents may include cash and short-term
investments. Short-term investments are stated at cost, which
approximates fair value. As of December 31, 2009, the
Companys cash on deposit was 100% within the federally
insured limits. As of September 30, 2010, the Company had
amounts in excess of federally insured limits in deposit
accounts with a financial institution. The Company limits such
deposits to financial institutions with high credit standing.
Deferred
Financing Costs
The Company capitalizes deferred financing costs such as
commitment fees, legal fees and other third party costs
associated with obtaining commitments for financing that result
in a closing of such financing. The Company amortizes these
costs over the terms of the respective financing agreements
using the interest
9
PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
|
|
Item 1.
|
Financial
Statements (continued)
|
STEADFAST
INCOME REIT, INC.
CONDENSED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30,
2010
(unaudited)
method. The Company expenses unamortized deferred financing
costs when the associated debt is refinanced or repaid before
maturity unless specific rules are met that would allow for the
carryover of such costs to the refinanced debt. Costs incurred
in seeking financing transactions that do not close are expensed
in the period in which it is determined that the financing will
not close. As of September 30, 2010 and December 31,
2009, the Companys net deferred financing costs were
$34,726 and $0, respectively.
Fair
Value Measurements
Under GAAP, the Company is required to measure certain financial
instruments at fair value on a recurring basis. In addition, the
Company is required to measure other assets and liabilities at
fair value on a non-recurring basis (e.g., carrying value of
impaired real estate loans receivable and long-lived assets).
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received upon
the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an
orderly transaction between market participants at the
measurement date. The GAAP fair value framework uses a
three-tiered approach. Fair value measurements are classified
and disclosed in one of the following three categories:
|
|
|
|
|
Level 1: unadjusted quoted prices in active
markets that are accessible at the measurement date for
identical assets or liabilities;
|
|
|
|
|
|
Level 2: quoted prices for similar instruments
in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar
instruments in markets that are not active, and model-derived
valuations in which significant inputs and significant value
drivers are observable in active markets; and
|
|
|
|
|
|
Level 3: prices or valuation techniques where
little or no market data is available that requires inputs that
are both significant to the fair value measurement and
unobservable.
|
When available, the Company utilizes quoted market prices from
an independent third-party source to determine fair value and
will classify such items in Level 1 or Level 2. In
instances where the market is not active, regardless of the
availability of a nonbinding quoted market price, observable
inputs might not be relevant and could require the Company to
make a significant adjustment to derive a fair value
measurement. Additionally, in an inactive market, a market price
quoted from an independent third party may rely more on models
with inputs based on information available only to that
independent third party. When the Company determines the market
for a financial instrument owned by the Company to be illiquid
or when market transactions for similar instruments do not
appear orderly, the Company uses several valuation sources
(including internal valuations, discounted cash flow analysis
and quoted market prices) and will establish a fair value by
assigning weights to the various valuation sources.
Changes in assumptions or estimation methodologies can have a
material effect on these estimated fair values. In this regard,
the derived fair value estimates cannot be substantiated by
comparison to independent markets and, in many cases, may not be
realized in an immediate settlement of the instrument.
The Company considers the following factors to be indicators of
an inactive market: (i) there are few recent transactions,
(ii) price quotations are not based on current information,
(iii) price quotations vary substantially either over time
or among market makers (for example, some brokered markets),
(iv) indexes that previously were highly correlated with
the fair values of the asset or liability are demonstrably
uncorrelated with recent indications of fair value for that
asset or liability, (v) there is a significant increase in
implied liquidity risk premiums, yields, or performance
indicators (such as delinquency rates or loss severities) for
10
PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
|
|
Item 1.
|
Financial
Statements (continued)
|
STEADFAST
INCOME REIT, INC.
CONDENSED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30,
2010
(unaudited)
observed transactions or quoted prices when compared with the
Companys estimate of expected cash flows, considering all
available market data about credit and other nonperformance risk
for the asset or liability, (vi) there is a wide bid-ask
spread or significant increase in the bid-ask spread,
(vii) there is a significant decline or absence of a market
for new issuances (that is, a primary market) for the asset or
liability or similar assets or liabilities, and
(viii) little information is released publicly (for
example, a
principal-to-principal
market). The Company considers the following factors to be
indicators of non-orderly transactions: (i) there was not
adequate exposure to the market for a period before the
measurement date to allow for marketing activities that are
usual and customary for transactions involving such assets or
liabilities under current market conditions, (ii) there was
a usual and customary marketing period, but the seller marketed
the asset or liability to a single market participant,
(iii) the seller is in or near bankruptcy or receivership
(that is, distressed), or the seller was required to sell to
meet regulatory or legal requirements (that is, forced to sell),
and (iv) the transaction price is an outlier when compared
with other recent transactions for the same or similar assets or
liabilities.
Rents
and Other Receivables
The Company periodically evaluates the collectibility of amounts
due from tenants and maintains an allowance for doubtful
accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of
tenants to make required payments under lease agreements. The
Company maintains an allowance for deferred rent receivable that
arise from the straight-lining of rents in accordance with ASC
Topic 840, Leases. The Company exercises judgment in
establishing these allowances and considers payment history and
current credit status of its tenants in developing these
estimates.
Revenue
Recognition
The Company recognizes minimum rent, including rental
abatements, concessions and contractual fixed increases
attributable to operating leases, on a straight-line basis over
the term of the related lease and amounts expected to be
received in later years will be recorded as deferred rents. The
Company records property operating expense reimbursements due
from tenants for common area maintenance, real estate taxes, and
other recoverable costs in the period the related expenses are
incurred. The Company recognizes revenues from property
management, asset management, syndication and other services
when the related fees are earned and are realizable.
The Company recognizes gains on sales of real estate either in
total or deferred for a period of time, depending on whether a
sale has been consummated, the extent of the buyers
investment in the property being sold, whether the receivable of
the Company is subject to future subordination, and the degree
of the Companys continuing involvement with the property
after the sale. If the criteria for profit recognition under the
full-accrual method are not met, the Company defers gain
recognition and account for the continued operations of the
property by applying the
percentage-of-completion,
reduced profit, deposit, installment or cost recovery method, as
appropriate, until the appropriate criteria are met.
Accounting
for Stock-Based Compensation
The Company accounts for stock-based compensation in accordance
with ASC Topic 718, Compensation Stock
Compensation (ASC 718). ASC 718 established
a fair value based method of accounting for stock-based
compensation. Accounting for stock-based compensation under
ASC 718 requires
11
PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
|
|
Item 1.
|
Financial
Statements (continued)
|
STEADFAST
INCOME REIT, INC.
CONDENSED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30,
2010
(unaudited)
the fair value of stock-based compensation awards to be
amortized as an expense over the vesting period and requires any
dividend equivalents earned to be treated as dividends for
financial reporting purposes. Stock-based compensation awards
are valued at the fair value on the date of grant and amortized
as an expense over the vesting period.
Distribution
Policy
The Company intends to elect to be taxed as a REIT and to
operate as a REIT beginning with its taxable year ending
December 31, 2010. To maintain its qualification as a REIT,
the Company intends to make distributions each taxable year
equal to at least 90% of its REIT taxable income (which is
determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction or net
capital gain and which does not necessarily equal net income as
calculated in accordance with GAAP). For the period from
August 12, 2010 to September 30, 2010, distributions
were based on daily record dates and calculated at a rate of
$0.001917 per share per day. Each day during the period from
August 12, 2010 through September 30, 2010 was a
record date for distributions.
Distributions to stockholders are determined by the board of
directors of the Company and are dependent upon a number of
factors relating to the Company, including funds available for
the payment of distributions, financial condition, the timing of
property acquisitions, capital expenditure requirements, and
annual distribution requirements in order to maintain the
Companys status as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code.
Organization
and Offering Costs
Organization and offering expenses include all expenses (other
than sales commissions and related dealer manager fees) to be
paid by the Company in connection with the Public Offering and
the Private Offering, including legal, accounting, printing,
mailing and filing fees, charges of the Companys transfer
agent, expenses of organizing the Company, data processing fees,
advertising and sales literature costs, transfer agent costs,
bona fide
out-of-pocket
due diligence costs and amounts to reimburse the Advisor or its
affiliates for the salaries of its employees and other costs in
connection with preparing supplemental sales materials and
providing other administrative services.
The Company may also reimburse costs of bona fide training and
education meetings held by the Company (primarily travel, meal
and lodging costs of registered representatives of
broker-dealers), attendance and sponsorship fees and cost
reimbursement of employees of the Companys affiliates to
attend seminars conducted by broker-dealers and, in special,
cases, reimbursement to participating broker-dealers for
technology costs associated with the Public Offering, costs and
expenses related to such technology costs, and costs and
expenses associated with the facilitation of the marketing of
the Companys shares and the ownership of the
Companys shares by such broker-dealers customers;
provided, however, that the Company will not pay any of the
foregoing costs to the extent that such payment would cause
total underwriting compensation to exceed 10% of the gross
proceeds of the Public Offering, as required by the rules of the
Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA).
Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement and the Dealer Manager
Agreement, the Company is obligated to reimburse the Advisor,
the Dealer Manager or their affiliates, as applicable, for
organization and offering costs paid by them on behalf of the
Company, provided that the Advisor would be obligated to
reimburse the Company to the extent selling commissions, dealer
manager fees and organization and offering costs incurred
12
PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
|
|
Item 1.
|
Financial
Statements (continued)
|
STEADFAST
INCOME REIT, INC.
CONDENSED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30,
2010
(unaudited)
by the Company in the Public Offering exceed 15% of gross
offering proceeds of the Public Offering. Any reimbursement of
expenses paid to Advisor will not exceed actual expenses
incurred by the Advisor.
Reimbursements to the Advisor, the Dealer Manager, or their
affiliates, for offering costs paid by them on behalf of the
Company with respect to the Private Offering are not limited to
15% of the gross offering proceeds of the Private Offering.
However, the Company will not make reimbursements of offering
costs in excess of 15% of the gross offering proceeds of the
Private Offering unless approval is obtained from the
Companys independent directors.
Income
Taxes
The Company intends to elect to be taxed as a REIT under the
Internal Revenue Code and intends to operate as such beginning
with its taxable year ending December 31, 2010. To qualify
as a REIT, the Company must meet certain organizational and
operational requirements, including the requirement to
distribute at least 90% of the Companys annual REIT
taxable income to stockholders (which is computed without regard
to the dividends paid deduction or net capital gain and which
does not necessarily equal net income as calculated in
accordance with GAAP). As a REIT, the Company generally will not
be subject to federal income tax to the extent it distributes
qualifying dividends to its stockholders. If the Company fails
to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year after the taxable year
in which the Company initially elects to be taxed as a REIT, it
will be subject to federal income tax on its taxable income at
regular corporate income tax rates and generally will not be
permitted to qualify for treatment as a REIT for federal income
tax purposes for the four taxable years following the year
during which qualification is lost, unless the Internal Revenue
Service grants the Company relief under certain statutory
provisions. Such an event could materially adversely affect the
Companys net income and net cash available for
distribution to stockholders. However, the Company intends to
organize and operate in such a manner as to qualify for
treatment as a REIT.
Per
Share Data
Basic net income (loss) per share of common stock is calculated
by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted-average number of
shares of common stock issued and outstanding during such
period. Diluted net income (loss) per share of common stock
equals basic net income (loss) per share of common stock as
there were no potentially dilutive securities outstanding during
the three and nine months ended September 30, 2010.
Distributions declared per common share assumes each share was
issued and outstanding each day during the three and nine months
ended September 30, 2010.
For the period from August 12, 2010 to September 30,
2010, distributions were based on daily record dates and
calculated at a rate of $0.001917 per share per day. Each day
during the period from August 12, 2010 through
September 30, 2010 was a record date for distributions.
Recently
Issued Accounting Standards
In January 2010, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update
(ASU)
No. 2010-01,
Equity (Topic 505): Accounting for Distributions to
Shareholders with Components of Stock and Cash (ASU
No. 2010-01).
This ASU clarifies that when the stock portion of a distribution
allows stockholders to elect to receive cash or stock with a
potential limitation on the total amount of cash that all
stockholders can elect to receive in the aggregate, the
distribution would be considered a share issuance as opposed to
a stock dividend
13
PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
|
|
Item 1.
|
Financial
Statements (continued)
|
STEADFAST
INCOME REIT, INC.
CONDENSED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30,
2010
(unaudited)
and the share issuance would be reflected in earnings per share
prospectively. ASU
No. 2010-01
is effective for interim and annual periods ending on or after
December 15, 2009 and should be applied on a retrospective
basis. The adoption of ASU
No. 2010-01
had no impact on the Companys consolidated financial
statements.
In January 2010, the FASB issued ASU
No. 2010-06,
Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (Topic 820):
Improving Disclosures about Fair Value Measurements
(ASU
No. 2010-06).
ASU
No. 2010-06
requires additional disclosures regarding significant transfers
in and out of Levels 1 and 2 fair value measurements,
including a description of the reasons for the transfers.
Further, this ASU requires additional disclosures about
purchases, sales, issuances and settlements relating to the
activity in Level 3 fair value measurements. ASU
No. 2010-06
is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning
after December 15, 2009, except for the disclosures about
purchases, sales, issuances and settlements relating to the
activity in Level 3 fair value measurements. Those
disclosures are effective for fiscal years beginning after
December 15, 2010 and for interim periods within those
fiscal years. The adoption of ASU
No. 2010-06
is not expected to have a material impact on the Companys
consolidated financial statements.
Lincoln
Tower Property Acquisition
On August 11, 2010, the Company acquired a fee simple
interest in a multifamily property located in Springfield,
Illinois, commonly known as the Lincoln Tower Apartments (the
Lincoln Tower Property), through a wholly-owned
subsidiary of the Operating Partnership.
The Company acquired the Lincoln Tower Property for an aggregate
purchase price of approximately $9,500,000, exclusive of closing
costs. The Company financed the payment of the purchase price
for the Lincoln Tower Property with (1) proceeds from the
Companys Private Offering and Public Offering and
(2) a seller-financed loan in the aggregate principal
amount of $6,650,000. An acquisition fee of $192,761 was earned
by the Advisor in connection with the acquisition of the Lincoln
Tower Property; however, this fee has been deferred pursuant to
the terms of the Advisory Agreement until the Companys
cumulative adjusted funds from operations (as defined in the
Advisory Agreement) exceed the lesser of (1) the cumulative
amount of any distributions paid to the Companys
stockholders as of the date of reimbursement of the deferred fee
or (2) an amount that is equal to a 7.0% cumulative,
non-compounded, annual return on invested capital to the
Companys stockholders as of the date of reimbursement. The
amount of fees that may be deferred is limited to an aggregate
amount of $5 million.
The Lincoln Tower Property is a 17-story apartment complex
constructed in 1968 and contains 190 one-, two- and
three-bedroom apartments ranging from approximately 750 to
1,800 square feet, as well as underground parking
facilities and various community amenities such as a night
attendant, a fitness center, a club room, laundry facilities and
extra storage space. The Lincoln Tower Propertys
residential units were 86% leased as of September 30, 2010.
The Lincoln Tower Property also includes approximately
8,800 square feet of commercial office space, which was 95%
occupied as of September 30, 2010.
An affiliate of the Companys sponsor, entered into a
Property Management Agreement (the Management
Agreement), pursuant to which the affiliated property
manager will serve as the exclusive leasing agent and manager of
the Lincoln Tower Property. The Management Agreement contains
customary covenants by the property manager with respect to
leasing activities, employment of personnel, maintenance and
repairs, supervision of capital improvements, required liability
insurance coverage, collection of rents and
14
PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
|
|
Item 1.
|
Financial
Statements (continued)
|
STEADFAST
INCOME REIT, INC.
CONDENSED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30,
2010
(unaudited)
other tenant charges and monthly and annual financial reports.
Pursuant to the Management Agreement, the Lincoln Tower Property
will pay the property manager a monthly management fee in an
amount equal to 3.5% of the Lincoln Tower Propertys gross
revenues (as defined in the Management Agreement) for each
month. In addition, the Lincoln Tower Property will reimburse
the property manager for the salaries and related benefits of
on-site
property management employees. The Management Agreement has an
initial one year term and will continue thereafter on a
month-to-month
basis unless either party gives prior notice of its desire to
terminate the Management Agreement, provided that the Lincoln
Tower Property may terminate the Management Agreement at any
time without cause upon thirty (30) days prior written
notice to the property manager.
The purchase price for the Lincoln Tower Property was allocated
as follows as of the closing date:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Intangibles
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tenant
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acquisition
|
|
|
|
|
|
Building and
|
|
|
Origination and
|
|
|
Purchase
|
|
Property Name
|
|
City
|
|
|
State
|
|
|
Date
|
|
|
Land
|
|
|
Improvements
|
|
|
Absorption Costs
|
|
|
Price
|
|
|
Lincoln Tower
|
|
|
Springfield
|
|
|
|
IL
|
|
|
|
08/11/2010
|
|
|
$
|
258,600
|
|
|
$
|
8,741,736
|
|
|
$
|
499,664
|
|
|
$
|
9,500,000
|
|
The intangible assets acquired in connection with the
acquisition had a weighted-average amortization period as of the
date of acquisition of approximately one year.
As of September 30, 2010, the Companys real estate
portfolio was solely comprised of the Lincoln Tower Property.
The following table provides summary information regarding the
property owned by the Company as of September 30, 2010:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
Depreciation
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
Date
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Property
|
|
|
Real Estate
|
|
|
and
|
|
|
Real Estate,
|
|
Property
|
|
Acquired
|
|
|
City
|
|
|
State
|
|
|
Type
|
|
|
at Cost
|
|
|
Amortization
|
|
|
Net
|
|
|
Lincoln Tower
|
|
|
08/11/2010
|
|
|
|
Springfield
|
|
|
|
IL
|
|
|
|
Apartment
|
|
|
$
|
9,500,000
|
|
|
$
|
175,558
|
|
|
$
|
9,324,442
|
|
Operating
Leases
As of September 30, 2010, the Lincoln Tower Property was
86% leased by a diverse group of 173 tenants, comprised of
164 residential tenants and nine commercial tenants. For the
three months ended September 30, 2010, the Lincoln Tower
Property earned approximately 90% and 10% of its rental income
from residential tenants and commercial office tenants,
respectively. The residential tenant lease terms consist of
lease durations equal to twelve months or less. The commercial
office tenant leases consist of lease durations varying from
three years to five years.
The residential and commercial leases may have provisions to
extend the lease agreements, options for early termination after
paying a specified penalty, rights of first refusal to purchase
the property at competitive market rates, and other terms and
conditions as negotiated. The Company retains substantially all
of the risks and benefits of ownership of the real estate assets
leased to tenants. Generally, upon the execution of a lease, the
Company requires security deposits from tenants in the form of a
cash deposit
and/or a
letter of credit for commercial tenants. Amounts required as
security deposits vary depending upon the terms of the
respective leases and the creditworthiness of the tenant, but
generally are not significant amounts. Therefore, exposure to
credit risk exists to the extent that a receivable from a tenant
exceeds the amount of its security deposit. Security deposits
received in cash related to tenant leases are included in other
liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and
totaled $136,060 as of September 30, 2010.
15
PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
|
|
Item 1.
|
Financial
Statements (continued)
|
STEADFAST
INCOME REIT, INC.
CONDENSED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30,
2010
(unaudited)
As of September 30, 2010, the future minimum rental
receipts from the Companys properties under non-cancelable
operating leases attributable to commercial office tenants is as
follows:
|
|
|
|
|
October 2010 to December 2010
|
|
$
|
38,000
|
|
2011
|
|
|
126,000
|
|
2012
|
|
|
109,000
|
|
2013
|
|
|
43,000
|
|
2014
|
|
|
11,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
327,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of September 30, 2010, no tenant represented over 10% of
the Companys annualized base rent and there were no
significant industry concentrations with respect to its
commercial leases.
As of September 30, 2010, the Company has no tenants with
rent balances outstanding over 90 days.
|
|
4.
|
Tenant
Origination and Absorption Costs
|
As of September 30, 2010, the Companys tenant
origination and absorption costs are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
Cost
|
|
$
|
499,664
|
|
Accumulated Amortization
|
|
|
(125,359
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net Amount
|
|
$
|
374,305
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The decrease in net income as a result of amortization of the
Companys tenant origination and absorption costs for the
three months ended September 30, 2010 was $125,359.
As of September 30, 2010, the Companys property had
no above market lease assets or below market lease liabilities.
|
|
5.
|
Deferred
Financing Costs and Other Assets
|
As of September 30, 2010, deferred financing costs and
other assets consisted of:
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred financing costs
|
|
$
|
35,000
|
|
Prepaid expenses
|
|
|
15,706
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
50,706
|
|
Less accumulated amortization
|
|
|
(274
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred financing costs and other assets, net
|
|
$
|
50,432
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Company had no deferred financing costs and other assets as
of December 31, 2009.
As of September 30, 2010, the Companys note payable
consisted of a note in the principal amount of $6,650,000 issued
by the seller of the Lincoln Tower Property in connection with
the acquisition of the
16
PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
|
|
Item 1.
|
Financial
Statements (continued)
|
STEADFAST
INCOME REIT, INC.
CONDENSED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30,
2010
(unaudited)
Lincoln Tower Property on August 11, 2010 (the
Lincoln Tower Note). The Lincoln Tower Note has a
term of sixty (60) months, ending September 1, 2015
with the option to extend the maturity date for up to two
successive periods of twelve months each, subject to customary
and market rate extension provisions. Interest on the Lincoln
Tower Note will accrue at a rate of 6% per annum through
September 1, 2015.
The Lincoln Tower Note contains customary non-financial debt
covenants and does not contain any financial debt covenants
other than a payment default covenant. As of September 30,
2010, the Company was in compliance with all debt covenants.
During the three months ended September 30, 2010, the
Company incurred $56,799 of interest expense. The Company did
not incur any interest expense for periods prior to
August 11, 2010 since it did not have any indebtedness
prior to that date. As of September 30, 2010, $33,250 of
interest expense was payable, which is included in accounts
payable and accrued liabilities in the accompanying consolidated
balance sheet. The Company did not have any amounts of interest
expense payable as of December 31, 2009 as it did not have
any indebtedness as of that date. Included in interest expense
for the three months ended September 30, 2010 was $274 of
amortization of deferred financing costs.
General
Under the Companys Second Articles of Amendment and
Restatement (the Charter:), the total number of
shares of capital stock authorized for issuance is
1,100,000,000 shares, consisting of 999,999,000 shares
of common stock with a par value of $0.01 per share,
1,000 shares of Convertible Stock with a par value of $0.01
per share and 100,000,000 shares designated as preferred
stock with a par value of $0.01 per share.
Common
Stock
The shares of common stock entitle the holders to one vote per
share on all matters upon which stockholders are entitled to
vote, to receive dividends and other distributions as authorized
by the board of directors in accordance with the Maryland
General Corporation Law and to all rights of a stockholder
pursuant to the Maryland General Corporation Law. The common
stock has no preferences or preemptive, conversion or exchange
rights.
During 2009, the Company issued 22,223 shares of common
stock to the Sponsor for $200,007. During the three and nine
months ended September 30, 2010, the Company issued 267,611
and 749,920 shares of common stock for offering proceeds of
$2,166,719 and $5,807,580 respectively, net of offering costs of
$321,990 and $964,494, respectively. Offering proceeds include
$92,500 of amounts receivable from the Companys transfer
agent as of September 30, 2010. These offering costs
consist of selling commissions and dealer manager fees.
Convertible
Stock
The Company has issued 1,000 shares of Convertible Stock to
the Advisor for $1,000. The Convertible Stock will convert into
shares of common stock if and when: (A) the Company has
made total distributions on the then outstanding shares of
common stock equal to the original issue price of those shares
plus an 8.0% cumulative, non-compounded, annual return on the
original issue price of those shares, (B) subject to
specified
17
PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
|
|
Item 1.
|
Financial
Statements (continued)
|
STEADFAST
INCOME REIT, INC.
CONDENSED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30,
2010
(unaudited)
conditions, the Company lists the common stock for trading on a
national securities exchange or (C) the Advisory Agreement
is terminated or not renewed by the Company (other than for
cause as defined in the Advisory Agreement). A
listing will be deemed to have occurred on the
effective date of any merger of the Company in which the
consideration received by the holders of common stock is the
securities of another issuer that are listed on a national
securities exchange. Upon conversion, each share of Convertible
Stock will convert into a number of shares of common stock equal
to 1/1000 of the quotient of (A) 10% of the amount, if any,
by which (1) the Companys enterprise
value (as defined in the Charter) plus the aggregate value
of distributions paid to date on the outstanding shares of
common stock exceeds the (2) aggregate purchase price paid
by the stockholders for those shares plus an 8.0% cumulative,
non-compounded, annual return on the original issue price of
those shares, divided by (B) the Companys enterprise
value divided by the number of outstanding shares of common
stock, in each case calculated as of the date of the conversion.
In the event of a termination or non-renewal of the Advisory
Agreement by the Company for cause, the Convertible Stock will
be redeemed by the Company for $1.00.
Preferred
Stock
The Charter also provides the Companys board of directors
with the authority to issue one or more classes or series of
preferred stock, and prior to the issuance of such shares, the
board of directors shall have the power from time to time to
classify or reclassify, in one or more series, any unissued
shares and designate the preferences, rights and privileges of
such shares. The Companys board of directors is authorized
to amend the Charter, without the approval of the stockholders,
to increase the aggregate number of authorized shares of capital
stock or the number of shares of any class or series that the
Company has authority to issue. As of September 30, 2010
and December 31, 2009, no shares of the Companys
preferred stock were issued and outstanding.
Distribution
Reinvestment Plan
The Companys board of directors has approved the DRP
through which common stockholders may elect to reinvest an
amount equal to the distributions declared on their shares of
common stock in additional shares of the Companys common
stock in lieu of receiving cash distributions. The initial
purchase price per share under the DRP will be $9.50. If the
Company extends the Public Offering beyond two years from the
date of its commencement, the Companys board of directors
may, in its sole discretion, from time to time, change this
price based upon changes in the Companys estimated net
asset value per share, the then current public offering price of
shares of the Companys common stock and other factors that
the board of directors deems relevant.
No sales commissions or dealer manager fees are payable on
shares sold through the DRP. The Companys board of
directors may terminate the DRP at its discretion at any time
upon ten days notice to the Companys stockholders.
Following any termination of the DRP, all subsequent
distributions to stockholders will be made in cash.
Share
Repurchase Plan
There is no market for the Companys common stock and, as a
result, there is risk that a stockholder may not be able to sell
the Companys stock at a time or price acceptable to the
stockholder. To allow stockholders
18
PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
|
|
Item 1.
|
Financial
Statements (continued)
|
STEADFAST
INCOME REIT, INC.
CONDENSED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30,
2010
(unaudited)
to sell their shares of common stock in limited circumstances,
the Companys board of directors has approved a share
repurchase plan.
Unless shares of common stock are being redeemed in connection
with a stockholders death or disability, the Company may
not redeem shares until they have been outstanding for one year.
In addition, the Company has limited the number of shares
redeemed pursuant to the share repurchase plan during any
calendar year to: (1) 5% of the weighted-average number of
shares outstanding during the prior calendar year and
(2) those than can be funded from the net proceeds the
Company received from the sale of shares under the DRP during
the prior calendar year plus such additional funds as may be
reserved for that purpose by the Companys board of
directors.
Under the share repurchase plan, prior to the completion of the
Offering Stage (as defined below), the purchase price for shares
repurchased by the Company under the plan will be as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
Repurchase Price
|
Share Purchase Anniversary
|
|
on Repurchase Date(1)
|
|
Less than 1 year
|
|
No Repurchase Allowed
|
1 year
|
|
92.5% of Primary Offering Price
|
2 years
|
|
95.0% of Primary Offering Price
|
3 years
|
|
97.5% of Primary Offering Price
|
4 years
|
|
100.0% of Primary Offering Price
|
In the event of a stockholders death or disability
|
|
Average Issue Price for Shares(2)
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
As adjusted for any stock dividends, combinations, splits,
recapitalizations and the like with respect to the shares of
common stock. |
|
|
|
(2) |
|
The purchase price per share for shares redeemed upon the death
or disability of a stockholder will be equal to the average
issue price per share for all of the stockholders shares. |
The purchase price per share for shares repurchased pursuant to
the share repurchase plan will be further reduced by the
aggregate amount of net proceeds per share, if any, distributed
to the Companys stockholders prior to the repurchase date
as a result of the sale of one or more of the Companys
assets that constitutes a return of capital distribution as a
result of such sales.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, following the completion of the
Offering Stage, shares of the Companys common stock will
be repurchased at a price equal to a price based upon the
Companys most recently established estimated net asset
value per share, which the Company will publicly disclose every
six months beginning no later than six months following the
completion of the Offering Stage based on periodic valuations by
independent third party appraisers and qualified independent
valuation experts selected by the Advisor. The Offering
Stage will be considered complete on the first date that
the Company is no longer publicly offering equity securities
that are not listed on a national securities exchange, whether
through the Public Offering or follow-on public equity
offerings, provided the Company has not filed a registration
statement for a follow-on public equity offering as of such date.
The Companys board of directors may, in its sole
discretion, amend, suspend or terminate the share repurchase
plan at any time if it determines that the funds available to
fund the share repurchase plan are needed for other business or
operational purposes or that amendment, suspension or
termination of the share
19
PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
|
|
Item 1.
|
Financial
Statements (continued)
|
STEADFAST
INCOME REIT, INC.
CONDENSED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30,
2010
(unaudited)
repurchase plan is in the best interest of the Companys
stockholders. The share repurchase plan will terminate if the
shares of the Companys common stock are listed on a
national securities exchange. The Company did not redeem any
shares during the three and nine months ended September 30,
2010.
Distributions
The Companys long-term policy will be to pay distributions
from cash flow from operations. However, the Company expects to
have insufficient cash flow from operations available for
distribution until it makes substantial investments. In order to
provide additional available funds for the Company to pay
distributions, under certain circumstances the Companys
obligation to pay all fees due to the Advisor from the Company
pursuant to the Advisory Agreement will be deferred up to an
aggregate amount of $5 million during the Offering Stage.
If, during any calendar quarter during the Offering Stage, the
distributions the Company pays exceed the Companys funds
from operations (as defined by the National Association of Real
Estate Investment Trusts), plus (1) any acquisition
expenses and acquisition fees expensed by the Company that are
related to any property, loan or other investment acquired or
expected to be acquired by the Company and (2) any
non-operating, non-cash charges incurred by the Company, such as
impairments of property or loans, any other than temporary
impairments of marketable securities, or other similar charges,
for the quarter (Adjusted Funds From Operations),
the fees the Company is obligated to pay the Advisor will be
deferred in an amount equal to the amount by which the
distributions paid to the Companys stockholders for the
quarter exceed the Companys Adjusted Funds From Operations
up to an amount equal to a 7.0% cumulative non-compounded annual
return to stockholders invested capital, prorated for such
quarter. The Company is only obligated to pay the Advisor for
these deferred fees if and to the extent that the Companys
cumulative Adjusted Funds From Operations for the period
beginning on the date of the commencement of the Private
Offering through the date of any such payment exceed the lesser
of (1) the cumulative amount of any distributions paid to
stockholders as of the date of such payment or (2) an
amount that is equal to a 7.0% cumulative, non-compounded,
annual return on invested capital for the Companys
stockholders for the period from the commencement of the Public
Offering through the date of such payment. The Companys
obligation to pay the deferred fees will survive the termination
of the Advisory Agreement and will continue to be subject to the
repayment conditions above. The Company will not pay interest on
the deferred fees if and when such fees are paid to the Advisor.
The amount of fees that may be deferred as described above is
limited to an aggregate amount of $5 million.
Distributions
Declared
In connection with the acquisition of the Lincoln Tower
Property, the Companys board of directors declared a cash
distribution to stockholders. Distributions (1) accrue
daily to stockholders of record as of the close of business on
each day commencing on August 12, 2010, (2) are
payable in cumulative amounts on or before the 15th day of
each calendar month with respect to the prior month, commencing
on or before September 15, 2010, and (3) are
calculated at a rate of $0.001917 per share of common stock per
day, which if paid each day over a
365-day
period is equivalent to an 7.0% annualized distribution rate
based on a purchase price of $10.00 per share of common stock.
Stockholders may elect to receive cash distributions or purchase
additional shares through the Companys DRP.
The distributions declared for the period from August 12,
2010 through September 30, 2010 were $63,588, including
$2,387, or 251 shares of common stock, of amounts
attributable to the DRP.
20
PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
|
|
Item 1.
|
Financial
Statements (continued)
|
STEADFAST
INCOME REIT, INC.
CONDENSED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30,
2010
(unaudited)
As of September 30, 2010, $36,752 distributions declared
are payable.
Distributions
Paid
On September 14, 2010, the Company paid distributions of
$24,449, which related to distributions declared for each day in
the period from August 12, 2010 through August 31,
2010. Stockholders purchased 251 shares for gross offering
proceeds of $2,387 through the Companys distribution
reinvestment plan for the period from August 12, 2010
through September 30, 2010.
|
|
8.
|
Related
Party Arrangements
|
The Company has entered into the Advisory Agreement with the
Advisor and a Dealer Manager Agreement with the Dealer Manager
with respect to the Public Offering. Pursuant to the Advisory
Agreement and Dealer Manager Agreement, the Company is obligated
to pay the Advisor and the Dealer Manager specified fees upon
the provision of certain services related to the Public
Offering, the investment of funds in real estate and real
estate-related investments, management of the Companys
investments and for other services (including, but not limited
to, the disposition of investments). Subject to the limitations
described below, the Company is also obligated to reimburse the
Advisor for organization and offering costs incurred by the
Advisor on behalf of the Company, and the Company is obligated
to reimburse the Advisor for acquisition and origination
expenses and certain operating expenses incurred on behalf of
the Company or incurred in connection with providing services to
the Company. In certain circumstances, the Companys
obligation to pay some or all of the fees due to the Advisor
pursuant to the Advisory Agreement will be deferred up to an
aggregate amount of $5 million.
Amounts attributable to the Advisor and its affiliates that were
(i) incurred during the period from May 4, 2009
(inception) to December 31, 2009 and for the period from
January 1, 2010 to September 30, 2010, (ii) paid
during the period from May 4, 2009 (inception) to
December 31, 2009 and for the period from January 1,
2010 to September 30, 2010 and (iii) payable at
September 30, 2010 are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Incurred
|
|
|
Paid
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
period from
|
|
|
For the
|
|
|
period from
|
|
|
For the
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
May 4, 2009
|
|
|
period from
|
|
|
May 4, 2009
|
|
|
period from
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(inception) to
|
|
|
January 1, 2010 to
|
|
|
(inception) to
|
|
|
January 1, 2010 to
|
|
|
Payable at
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2009
|
|
|
September 30, 2010
|
|
|
December 31, 2009
|
|
|
September 30, 2010
|
|
|
September 30, 2010
|
|
|
Advances for operating expenses
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
356,579
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
340,036
|
|
|
$
|
16,543
|
|
Organization and offering costs reimbursement
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
524,445
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
442,384
|
|
|
|
82,061
|
|
Acquisition fees
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
192,761
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
192,761
|
|
Investment management
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12,850
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12,850
|
|
Property management:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fees
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
11,797
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
11,797
|
|
Reimbursement of onsite personnel
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
33,660
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
33,660
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
1,132,092
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
816,080
|
|
|
$
|
316,012
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
21
PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
|
|
Item 1.
|
Financial
Statements (continued)
|
STEADFAST
INCOME REIT, INC.
CONDENSED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30,
2010
(unaudited)
Operating
Expenses
As of September 30, 2010, the Advisor and its affiliates
had advanced the Company $16,543 for the payment of the
Companys direct operating expenses, comprising of transfer
agent reimbursement expenses and acquisition expenses.
Organization
and Offering Costs
Organization and offering costs (other than selling commissions
and dealer manager fees) of the Company are initially being paid
by the Advisor or its affiliates on behalf of the Company. These
organization and other offering costs include all expenses to be
paid by the Company in connection with the Public and Private
Offering, including legal, accounting, printing, mailing and
filing fees, charges of the Companys transfer agent,
expenses of organizing the Company, data processing fees,
advertising and sales literature costs, transfer agent costs,
bona fide
out-of-pocket
due diligence costs and amounts to reimburse the Advisor or its
affiliates for the salaries of its employees and other costs in
connection with preparing supplemental sales materials and
providing other administrative services in connection with the
Public Offering and the Private Offering. Any reimbursement of
expenses paid to Advisor will not exceed actual expenses
incurred by the Advisor. Organization costs include all expenses
to be incurred by the Company in connection with the formation
of the Company, including but not limited to legal fees and
other costs to incorporate the Company.
Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, the Company is obligated to
reimburse the Advisor or its affiliates, as applicable, for
organization and offering costs paid by them on behalf of the
Company in connection with the Public Offering, provided that
the Advisor is obligated to reimburse the Company to the extent
selling commissions, dealer manager fees and organization and
offering costs incurred by the Company in the Public Offering
exceed 15% of gross offering proceeds raised in the Public
Offering.
Reimbursements to the Advisor or its affiliates for offering
costs paid by them on behalf of the Company with respect to the
Private Offering is not limited to 15% of the gross offering
proceeds of the Private Offering. However, the Company will not
make reimbursements of organization and offering costs in excess
of 15% of the gross offering proceeds of the Private Offering
unless approval is obtained from the independent directors. The
independent directors have not approved the reimbursement of
excess private offering costs. Accordingly, the Company has not
accrued for the reimbursement of organization and offering costs
of the Private Offering in excess of the 15% of gross offering
proceeds raised through September 30, 2010.
22
PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
|
|
Item 1.
|
Financial
Statements (continued)
|
STEADFAST
INCOME REIT, INC.
CONDENSED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30,
2010
(unaudited)
The amount of organization and offering (O&O)
costs that is reimbursable or was paid through
September 30, 2010 is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
Gross offering proceeds:
|
|
$
|
6,772,075
|
|
O&O limitation
|
|
|
15
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total O&O costs available to be paid/reimbursed
|
|
$
|
1,015,811
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
O&O expenses recorded:
|
|
|
|
|
Sales commissions paid
|
|
$
|
338,360
|
|
Broker dealer fees paid
|
|
|
202,427
|
|
Private offering costs reimbursements
|
|
|
423,707
|
|
Organizational costs reimbursements
|
|
|
18,677
|
|
Organizational costs accrued
|
|
|
32,640
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total O&O costs reimbursements recorded by the Company
|
|
$
|
1,015,811
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Company may also reimburse costs of bona fide training and
education meetings held by the Company (primarily the travel,
meal and lodging costs of registered representatives of
broker-dealers), attendance and sponsorship fees and cost
reimbursement of employees of the Companys affiliates to
attend seminars conducted by broker-dealers and, in special,
cases, reimbursement to participating broker-dealers for
technology costs associated with the Public Offering, costs and
expenses related to such technology costs, and costs and
expenses associated with the facilitation of the marketing of
the Companys shares and the ownership of the
Companys shares by such broker-dealers customers;
provided, however, that the Company will not pay any of the
foregoing costs to the extent that such payment would cause
total underwriting compensation to exceed 10% of the gross
proceeds of the Public Offering, as required by the rules of
FINRA.
As of September 30, 2010, the Advisor had incurred
$3,500,214 of organizational and offering costs on behalf of the
Company, of which $2,434,982 has been deferred as of that date,
as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additional
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Incurred through
|
|
|
Amounts
|
|
|
Amounts
|
|
|
Deferred as of
|
|
|
|
September 30, 2010
|
|
|
Recognized
|
|
|
Recognized
|
|
|
September 30, 2010
|
|
|
Organizational expenses
|
|
$
|
100,738
|
|
|
$
|
51,317
|
|
|
$
|
49,421
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
Private Offering costs
|
|
|
1,326,413
|
|
|
|
876,649
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
449,764
|
|
Public Offering costs
|
|
|
2,073,063
|
|
|
|
87,845
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,985,218
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
3,500,214
|
|
|
$
|
1,015,811
|
|
|
$
|
49,421
|
|
|
$
|
2,434,982
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Organization costs are expensed as incurred. Offering costs,
including selling commissions and dealer manager fees, are
deferred and charged to stockholders equity as such
amounts are reimbursed to the Advisor, the Dealer Manager or
their affiliates from gross offering proceeds. During the three
and nine months ended September 30, 2010, the Company
incurred, and reimbursed, $111,134 and $423,707, respectively,
of offering costs to the Advisor that were attributable to the
Private Offering all of which were charged to stockholders
equity as the Company elected to first reimburse costs
associated with the Private Offering up to the 15% limitation.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2010,
the Company incurred $100,738 of organizational costs of which
$51,317 was reimbursable to the Advisor at September 30,
2010. During the
23
PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
|
|
Item 1.
|
Financial
Statements (continued)
|
STEADFAST
INCOME REIT, INC.
CONDENSED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30,
2010
(unaudited)
three and nine months ended September 30, 2010, the Company
reimbursed the Advisor $18,677 for organization costs incurred
during the periods then ended.
As of September 30, 2010, the Advisor had incurred $100,738
of organization costs, $1,326,413 of offering costs in
connection with the Private Offering, and $2,073,063 of offering
costs in connection with the Public Offering. After reimbursing
offering costs associated with the Private Offering up to the
15% limitation of $876,649 ($449,764 of which remains
potentially reimbursable to the Advisor subject to the approval
of the independent directors), the Company began reimbursing the
Advisor for organization costs. After reimbursing organization
costs the Company will reimburse the Advisor for offering costs
incurred in connection with the Public Offering. The Company did
not accrue for the reimbursement of any organization and
offering costs in the financial statements as of
December 31, 2009, nor were any reimbursements made during
that period because such costs did not become a liability of the
Company until $2,000,000 in proceeds were raised in the Private
or Public Offerings which did not occur until April 15,
2010.
Selling
Commissions and Dealer Manager Fees
The Company pays the Dealer Manager up to 6.5% and 3.5% of the
gross offering proceeds from the primary offering as selling
commissions and dealer manager fees, respectively. A reduced
sales commission and dealer manager fee is paid in connection
with volume discounts and certain other categories of sales. No
sales commission or dealer manager fee is paid with respect to
shares of common stock issued through the DRP. The Dealer
Manager will reallow 100% of sales commissions earned to
participating broker-dealers. The Dealer Manager may also
reallow to any participating broker-dealer a portion of the
dealer manager fee that is attributable to that participating
broker-dealer to defray the marketing costs of that
participating broker-dealer. The Dealer Manager will negotiate
the reallowance on a
case-by-case
basis with each participating broker-dealer subject to various
factors associated with the cost of the marketing program.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2010,
the Company paid $135,005 and $338,360 of selling commissions,
respectively, and $75,850 and $202,427 of dealer manager fees,
respectively, from the proceeds received from the sale of the
Companys common stock, which were recorded as a reduction
of additional paid in capital.
Acquisition
Fees
The Company pays the Advisor an acquisition fee equal to 2.0% of
(1) the purchase price in connection with the acquisition
or origination of any type of real property or real
estate-related asset acquired directly by the Company or
(2) the Companys allocable portion of the purchase
price in connection with the acquisition or origination of any
type of real property or real estate-related asset acquired
through a joint venture, including any acquisition and
origination expenses and any debt attributable to such
investments. As of September 30, 2010, $192,761 of
acquisition fees attributable to the Advisor was included in due
to affiliates in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet.
Payment of acquisition fees attributable to the Advisor has been
deferred as of September 30, 2010.
In addition to acquisition fees, the Company reimburses the
Advisor for amounts it pays to third parties in connection with
the selection, acquisition or development of a property or
acquisition of real estate-related assets, whether or not the
Company ultimately acquires the property or the real
estate-related assets. During the three and nine months ended
September 30, 2010, the Advisor incurred $101,992 and
$149,507 of acquisition costs paid to third parties,
respectively.
24
PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
|
|
Item 1.
|
Financial
Statements (continued)
|
STEADFAST
INCOME REIT, INC.
CONDENSED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30,
2010
(unaudited)
The Charter limits the Companys ability to pay acquisition
fees if the total of all acquisition fees and expenses relating
to the purchase would exceed 6.0% of the contract purchase
price. Under the Charter, a majority of the Companys board
of directors, including a majority of the independent directors,
is required to approve any acquisition fees (or portion thereof)
that would cause the total of all acquisition fees and expenses
relating to an acquisition to exceed 6.0% of the contract
purchase price. In connection with the purchase of securities,
the acquisition fee may be paid to an affiliate of the Advisor
that is registered as a FINRA member broker-dealer if applicable
FINRA rules would prohibit the payment of the acquisition fee to
a firm that is not a registered broker-dealer.
Investment
Management Fee
With respect to investments in real estate, the Company pays the
Advisor a monthly investment management fee equal to one-twelfth
of 0.80% of (1) the cost of real properties and real
estate-related assets acquired directly by the Company or
(2) the Companys allocable cost of each real property
or real estate-related asset acquired through a joint venture.
Such fee will be calculated including acquisition fees,
acquisition expenses and any debt attributable to such
investments, or the Companys proportionate share thereof
in the case of investments made through joint ventures. During
the three and nine months ended on September 30, 2010, the
Company incurred $12,850 of investment management fees
attributable to the Advisor. Payment of investment management
fees attributable to the Advisor has been deferred as of
September 30, 2010.
Other
Operating Expense Reimbursement
In addition to the various fees paid to the Advisor, the Company
is obligated to pay directly or reimburse all expenses incurred
in providing services to the Company, including the
Companys allocable share of the Advisors overhead,
such as rent, employee costs, utilities and IT costs. The
Company will not reimburse the Advisor for employee costs in
connection with services for which the Advisor or its affiliates
receive acquisition fees or disposition fees or for the salaries
the Advisor pays to its executive officers.
The Company may reimburse the Advisor, at the end of each fiscal
quarter, for operating expenses incurred by the Advisor;
provided, however, that the Company shall not reimburse the
Advisor at the end of any fiscal quarter for operating expenses
that exceed the greater of 2% of the Companys average
invested assets, or 25% of the Companys net income (the
2% 25% Guidelines), unless the independent directors
have determined that such excess expenses were justified based
on unusual and non-recurring factors. Commencing upon the fourth
fiscal quarter following the fiscal quarter ended March 31,
2010 and at least annually thereafter, the Advisor must
reimburse the Company for the amount by which the Companys
operating expenses for the preceding four fiscal quarters then
ended exceed the greater of 2%/25% Guidelines. Average
invested assets means the average monthly book value of
the Companys assets invested directly or indirectly in
equity interests and loans secured by real estate during the
12-month
period before deducting depreciation, bad debts or other
non-cash reserves. Total operating expenses means
all expenses paid or incurred by the Company, as determined
under GAAP that are in any way related to the Companys
operation, including investment management fees, but excluding
(a) the expenses of raising capital such as organization
and offering expenses, legal, audit, accounting, underwriting,
brokerage, listing, registration and other fees, printing and
other such expenses and taxes incurred in connection with the
issuance, distribution, transfer, listing and registration of
shares of the Companys common stock; (b) interest
payments; (c) taxes; (d) non-
25
PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
|
|
Item 1.
|
Financial
Statements (continued)
|
STEADFAST
INCOME REIT, INC.
CONDENSED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30,
2010
(unaudited)
cash expenditures such as depreciation, amortization and bad
debt reserves; (e) reasonable incentive fees based on the
gain in the sale of the Companys assets;
(f) acquisition fees and acquisition expenses (including
expenses relating to potential acquisitions that the Company
does not close); (g) real estate commissions on the resale
of investments; and (h) other expenses connected with the
acquisition, disposition, management and ownership of
investments (including the costs of foreclosure, insurance
premiums, legal services, maintenance, repair and improvement of
real property).
The Company has not recorded an accrual for any portion of the
operating expenses incurred by the Advisor in providing services
to the Company. The Company will accrue for the reimbursement of
the Advisors operating expenses up to the greater of the
amount allowed by the 2%/25% Guidelines or the amount approved
by the independent directors.
Disposition
Fee
If the Advisor or its affiliates provides a substantial amount
of services, as determined by the Companys independent
directors, in connection with the sale of a property or real
estate-related asset, the Company will pay the Advisor or its
affiliates 1.5% of the sales price of each property or real
estate-related asset sold.
No disposition fee will be paid for securities traded on a
national securities exchange. To the extent the disposition fee
is paid upon the sale of any assets other than real property, it
will be included as an operating expense for purposes of the
2%/25% Guidelines.
In connection with the sale of securities, the disposition fee
may be paid to an affiliate of the Advisor that is registered as
a FINRA member broker-dealer if applicable FINRA rules would
prohibit the payment of the disposition fee to a firm that is
not a registered broker-dealer.
The Charter limits the maximum amount of the disposition fees
payable to the Advisor for the sale of any real property to the
lesser of one-half of the brokerage commission paid or 3.0% of
the contract sales price.
As of September 30, 2010, the Company has not sold or
otherwise disposed of property or real estate-related assets.
Accordingly, the Company has not incurred any disposition fees
as of September 30, 2010.
Property
Management Fees and Expenses
The Company has entered into a property management agreement
with an affiliate of the Companys sponsor pursuant to
which the affiliate manager serves as the property manager of
the Lincoln Tower Property. The property management fee payable
with respect to each property is equal to 3.5% of the annual
gross revenue collected which is usual and customary for
comparable property management services rendered to similar
properties in the geographic market of the property, as
determined by the Advisor and approved by a majority of our
board of directors, including a majority of our independent
directors. The Management Agreement has an initial one year term
and will continue thereafter on a
month-to-month
basis unless either party gives prior notice of its desire to
terminate the Management Agreement, provided that the Company
may terminate the Management Agreement at any time without cause
upon thirty (30) days prior written notice to the Property
Manager. During the period from August 11, 2010 to
September 30, 2010, the Company incurred $11,797 of
property management fees payable to the property manager.
In addition, the Company reimburses the property manager for the
salaries and related benefits of
on-site
property management employees. For the period from
August 11, 2010 to September 30, 2010, the Company
26
PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
|
|
Item 1.
|
Financial
Statements (continued)
|
STEADFAST
INCOME REIT, INC.
CONDENSED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30,
2010
(unaudited)
incurred $33,660 of salaries and related benefits of
on-site
property management employees, of which no amounts are payable
to the property management affiliate at September 30, 2010.
|
|
9.
|
Incentive
Award Plan and Independent Director Compensation
|
The Company has adopted an incentive plan (the Incentive
Award Plan) that provides for the grant of equity awards
to its employees, directors and consultants and those of the
Companys affiliates. The Incentive Award Plan authorizes
the grant of non-qualified and incentive stock options,
restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, stock
appreciation rights, dividend equivalents and other stock-based
awards or cash-based awards. No awards have been granted under
such plan as of September 30, 2010 and December 31,
2009, except those awards granted to the independent director as
described below.
Under the Companys independent directors
compensation plan, each of the Companys current
independent directors was entitled to receive 5,000 shares
of restricted common stock in connection with the initial
meeting of the Companys full board of directors. The
Companys board of directors, and each of the independent
directors, agreed to delay the initial grant of restricted stock
until the Company raised $2,000,000 in gross offering proceeds
in the Private Offering. In addition, on the date following an
independent directors re-election to the Companys
board of directors, he or she will receive 2,500 shares of
restricted common stock. One-fourth of the shares of restricted
common stock will generally vest and become non-forfeitable upon
issuance and the remaining portion will vest in three equal
annual installments beginning on the date of grant and ending on
the third anniversary of the date of grant; provided, however,
that the restricted stock will become fully vested and become
non-forfeitable on the earlier to occur of (1) the
termination of the independent directors service as a
director due to his or her death or disability, or (2) a
change in control.
On April 15, 2010, after raising $2,000,000 in gross
offering proceeds in the Private Offering, the Company granted
each independent director 5,000 shares of restricted common
stock. The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense of
$8,016 and $46,758 during the three and nine months ended
September 30, 2010.
|
|
10.
|
Pro Forma
Financial Information
|
The Company acquired one property, the Lincoln Tower Property,
on August 11, 2010, which was accounted for as a business
combination. The following unaudited pro forma information for
the three and nine months ended September 30, 2010 has been
prepared to give effect to the acquisition of the Lincoln Tower
Property as if the acquisition occurred on January 1, 2010.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Three Months
|
|
|
For the Nine Months
|
|
|
|
Ended September 30, 2010
|
|
|
Ended September 30, 2010
|
|
|
Revenues
|
|
$
|
493,967
|
|
|
$
|
1,475,304
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation and amortization
|
|
$
|
226,028
|
|
|
$
|
846,172
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss
|
|
$
|
(518,389
|
)
|
|
$
|
(1,499,932
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss per common share, basic and diluted
|
|
$
|
(0.76
|
)
|
|
$
|
(4.10
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding, basic and
diluted
|
|
|
680,632
|
|
|
|
365,924
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
27
PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
|
|
Item 1.
|
Financial
Statements (continued)
|
STEADFAST
INCOME REIT, INC.
CONDENSED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30,
2010
(unaudited)
|
|
11.
|
Commitments
and Contingencies
|
Economic
Dependency
The Company is dependent on the Advisor and the Dealer Manager
for certain services that are essential to the Company,
including the sale of the Companys shares of common and
preferred stock available for issue; the identification,
evaluation, negotiation, purchase, and disposition of real
estate and real estate-related investments; management of the
daily operations of the Companys real estate and real
estate-related investment portfolio; and other general and
administrative responsibilities. In the event that these
companies are unable to provide the respective services, the
Company will be required to obtain such services from other
sources.
Environmental
As an owner of real estate, the Company is subject to various
environmental laws of federal, state and local governments.
Although there can be no assurance, the Company is not aware of
any environmental liability that could have a material adverse
effect on its financial condition or results of operations.
However, changes in applicable environmental laws and
regulations, the uses and conditions of properties in the
vicinity of the Companys properties, the activities of its
tenants and other environmental conditions of which the Company
is unaware with respect to the properties could result in future
environmental liabilities.
Legal
Matters
From time to time, the Company is subject, or party, to legal
proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of its business.
Management is not aware of any legal proceedings of which the
outcome is reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect
on the Companys results of operations or financial
condition.
The Company evaluates subsequent events up until the date the
consolidated financial statements are issued.
Distributions
Paid
On October 14, 2010, the Company paid distributions of
$42,545, which related to distributions declared for each day in
the period from September 1, 2010 through
September 30, 2010 and consisted of cash distributions paid
in the amount of $36,752 and additional shares issued pursuant
to the DRP in the amount of $5,793.
Status
of the Offering
The Company commenced its Public Offering on July 19, 2010.
As of November 11, 2010, the Company had sold
170,197 shares of common stock in the Public Offering for
gross proceeds of $1,684,354, including 920 shares of
common stock issued pursuant to the DRP for gross offering
proceeds of $8,744. Total shares sold as of November 11,
2010 in the Private Offering and Public Offering were
849,510 shares representing gross proceeds of $7,537,423,
including 920 shares of common stock issued pursuant to the
DRP for gross offering proceeds of $8,744.
28
PART I
FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
|
|
Item 2. |
Managements Discussion and Analysis
of Financial Condition And Results of Operations
|
The following discussion and analysis should be read in
conjunction with the accompanying financial statements of
Steadfast Income REIT, Inc. and the notes thereto. As used
herein, the terms we, our and
us refer to Steadfast Income REIT, Inc., a Maryland
corporation, and, as required by context, Steadfast Income REIT
Operating Partnership, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership,
which we refer to as our operating partnership, and
to their subsidiaries.
Forward-Looking
Statements
Certain statements included in this Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q
that are not historical facts (including any statements
concerning investment objectives, other plans and objectives of
management for future operations or economic performance, or
assumptions or forecasts related thereto) are forward-looking
statements. These statements are only predictions. We caution
that forward-looking statements are not guarantees. Actual
events or our investments and results of operations could differ
materially from those expressed or implied in any
forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are
typically identified by the use of terms such as
may, should, expect,
could, intend, plan,
anticipate, estimate,
believe, continue, predict,
potential or the negative of such terms and other
comparable terminology.
The forward-looking statements included herein are based upon
our current expectations, plans, estimates, assumptions and
beliefs, which involve numerous risks and uncertainties.
Assumptions relating to the foregoing involve judgments with
respect to, among other things, future economic, competitive and
market conditions and future business decisions, all of which
are difficult or impossible to predict accurately and many of
which are beyond our control. Although we believe that the
expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are
based on reasonable assumptions, our actual results and
performance could differ materially from those set forth in the
forward-looking statements. Factors which could have a material
adverse effect on our operations and future prospects include,
but are not limited to:
|
|
|
|
|
the fact that we have a limited operating history due to the
fact that our operations recently commenced on August 11,
2010;
|
|
|
|
|
|
our ability to effectively deploy the proceeds raised in our
private and public offerings of common stock;
|
|
|
|
|
|
changes in economic conditions generally and the real estate and
debt markets specifically;
|
|
|
|
|
|
legislative or regulatory changes (including changes to the laws
governing the taxation of REITs);
|
|
|
|
|
|
the availability of capital;
|
|
|
|
|
|
changes to generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP.
|
Any of the assumptions underlying the forward-looking statements
included herein could be inaccurate, and undue reliance should
not be placed on any forward-looking statements included herein.
All forward-looking statements are made as of the date this
quarterly report is filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission, or SEC, and the risk that actual results will differ
materially from the expectations expressed herein will increase
with the passage of time. Except as otherwise required by the
federal securities laws, we undertake no obligation to publicly
update or revise any forward-looking statements made herein,
whether as a result of new information, future events, changed
circumstances or any other reason.
All forward-looking statements included herein should be read in
light of the factors identified in the Risk Factors
section of our Registration Statement on
Form S-11
(File
No. 333-160748)
filed with the SEC, as the same may be amended and supplemented
from time to time.
29
PART I
FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
|
|
Item 2. |
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition And Results of Operations (continued)
|
Overview
We are a newly formed Maryland corporation and commenced
operations on August 11, 2010. We are dependent upon
proceeds received from our private and public offerings of
common stock to conduct our proposed activities. The capital
required to purchase our investments will be obtained from our
securities offerings and from any indebtedness that we may incur
in connection with the investment or thereafter. We have
initially been capitalized with $202,007; $200,007 of which was
contributed by our sponsor on June 12, 2009 in exchange for
22,223 shares of our common stock and $1,000 of which was
contributed by Steadfast Income Advisor, LLC, which we refer to
as our advisor, on July 10, 2009 in exchange
for 1,000 shares of our convertible stock. In addition, our
advisor has invested $1,000 in our operating partnership in
exchange for limited partnership interests.
On October 13, 2009, we commenced a private offering of up
to $94,000,000 in shares of our common stock at a purchase price
of $9.40 per share (with discounts available for certain
categories of purchasers), which we refer to as the
private offering. We offered shares of our common
stock for sale in the private offering pursuant to a
confidential private placement memorandum and only to persons
that were accredited investors, as that term is
defined under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the
Securities Act, and Regulation D promulgated thereunder. On
or about July 9, 2010, we terminated our private offering,
at which time we had raised $5,844,325 from the sale of
637,279 shares of our common stock.
On July 23, 2009, we filed a registration statement on
Form S-11
with the SEC to offer a maximum of 150,000,000 shares of
common stock for sale to the public at an initial price of
$10.00 per share, which we refer to as our initial public
offering. We are also offering up to
15,789,474 shares of common stock pursuant to our
distribution reinvestment plan, or DRP, at an initial price of
$9.50 per share. The SEC declared our registration statement
effective on July 9, 2010 and we commenced the initial
public offering on July 19, 2010. If we extend the initial
public offering beyond two years from the date of our
registration statement was declared effective, our board of
directors may, from time to time, in its sole discretion, change
the price at which we offer shares to the public in the initial
public offering or to its stockholders pursuant to the DRP to
reflect changes in our estimated net asset value per share and
other factors that our board of directors deems relevant. We may
reallocate the shares registered for the initial public offering
and those shares registered pursuant to the DRP.
We intend to use substantially all of the net proceeds from the
private offering and initial public offering to invest in a
diverse portfolio of real estate and real estate-related assets,
primarily in the multifamily sector. In addition to our focus on
multifamily properties, we may also selectively invest in
industrial properties and other types of commercial properties
and real estate-related assets. We will experience a relative
increase in liquidity as additional subscriptions for shares of
our common stock are received and a relative decrease in
liquidity as offering proceeds are used to acquire and operate
our assets.
On August 11, 2010, we acquired a fee simple interest in a
multifamily property located in Springfield, Illinois commonly
known as the Lincoln Tower Apartments, through SIR Lincoln
Tower, LLC, or SIR Lincoln Tower, a wholly-owned subsidiary of
our operating partnership, for an aggregate purchase price of
approximately $9,500,000, exclusive of closing costs. SIR
Lincoln Tower financed the payment of the purchase price for the
Lincoln Tower Apartments with (1) proceeds from our private
and public offerings and (2) the proceeds of a loan in the
aggregate principal amount of $6,650,000 from the seller of the
Lincoln Tower Apartments.
Steadfast Income Advisor, LLC is our advisor. Subject to certain
restrictions and limitations, our advisor manages our
day-to-day
operations and will manage our portfolio of properties and real
estate-related assets. Our advisor sources and presents
investment opportunities to our board of directors. Our advisor
also provides investment management, marketing, investor
relations and other administrative services on our behalf.
30
PART I
FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
|
|
Item 2. |
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition And Results of Operations (continued)
|
Substantially all of our business is conducted through Steadfast
Income REIT Operating Partnership, L.P., our operating
partnership. We are the sole general partner of our operating
partnership. The initial limited partner of our operating
partnership is our advisor. As we accept subscriptions for
shares, we will transfer substantially all of the net proceeds
of our offering to our operating partnership as a capital
contribution. The limited partnership agreement of our operating
partnership provides that our operating partnership will be
operated in a manner that will enable us to (1) satisfy the
requirements for being classified as a real estate investment
trust, or REIT, for tax purposes, (2) avoid any federal
income or excise tax liability and (3) ensure that our
operating partnership will not be classified as a publicly
traded partnership for purposes of Section 7704 of
the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Internal
Revenue Code, which classification could result in our operating
partnership being taxed as a corporation, rather than as a
partnership. In addition to the administrative and operating
costs and expenses incurred by our operating partnership in
acquiring and operating real properties, our operating
partnership will pay all of our administrative costs and
expenses, and such expenses will be treated as expenses of our
operating partnership.
Our advisor may, but is not required to, establish working
capital reserves from offering proceeds out of cash flow
generated by our investments or out of proceeds from the sale of
our investments. We do not anticipate establishing a general
working capital reserve; however, we may establish capital
reserves with respect to particular investments. We also may,
but are not required to, establish reserves out of cash flow
generated by investments or out of net sale proceeds in
non-liquidating sale transactions. Working capital reserves are
typically utilized to fund tenant improvements, leasing
commissions and major capital expenditures. Our lenders also may
require working capital reserves.
To the extent that the working capital reserve is insufficient
to satisfy our cash requirements, additional funds may be
provided from cash generated from operations or through
short-term borrowing. In addition, subject to certain
limitations described in our Second Amended Articles of
Restatement, or our charter, we may incur indebtedness in
connection with the acquisition of any real estate asset,
refinance the debt thereon, arrange for the leveraging of any
previously unfinanced property or reinvest the proceeds of
financing or refinancing in additional properties.
If we qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, we
generally will not be subject to federal income tax on income
that we distribute to our stockholders. If we fail to qualify as
a REIT in any taxable year after the taxable year in which we
initially elect to be taxed as a REIT, we will be subject to
federal income tax on our taxable income at regular corporate
rates and will not be permitted to qualify for treatment as a
REIT for federal income tax purposes for four years following
the year in which qualification is denied. Failing to qualify as
a REIT could materially and adversely affect our net income.
Critical
Accounting Policies
Below is a discussion of the accounting policies that we believe
will be critical once we commence operations. We consider these
policies critical because they involve significant judgments and
assumptions, require estimates about matters that are inherently
uncertain and because they are important for understanding and
evaluating our reported financial results. These judgments
affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and our
disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of
the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and
expenses during the reporting periods. With different estimates
or assumptions, materially different amounts could be reported
in our financial statements. Additionally, other companies may
utilize different estimates that may impact the comparability of
our results of operations to those of companies in similar
businesses.
31
PART I
FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
|
|
Item 2. |
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition And Results of Operations (continued)
|
Real
Estate Assets
Depreciation
Real estate costs related to the acquisition, development,
construction and improvement of properties will be capitalized.
Repair and maintenance costs will be charged to expense as
incurred and significant replacements and betterments will be
capitalized. Repair and maintenance costs include all costs that
do not extend the useful life of the real estate asset. We
consider the period of future benefit of an asset to determine
its appropriate useful life. We anticipate the estimated useful
lives of our assets by class to be generally as follows:
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|
|
Buildings
|
|
25-40 years
|
Building improvements
|
|
10-25 years
|
Tenant improvements
|
|
Shorter of lease term or expected useful life
|
Tenant origination and absorption costs
|
|
Remaining term of related lease
|
Furniture, fixtures, and equipment
|
|
7-10 years
|
Real
Estate Purchase Price Allocation
In accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board, or
FASB, Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, Topic 805,
Business Combinations, we will record above-market and
below-market in-place lease values for acquired properties based
on the present value (using an interest rate that reflects the
risks associated with the leases acquired) of the difference
between (1) the contractual amounts to be paid pursuant to
the in-place leases and (2) our estimate of fair market
lease rates for the corresponding in-place leases, measured over
a period equal to the remaining non-cancelable term of the
lease. We will amortize any capitalized above-market or
below-market lease values as an increase or reduction to rental
income over the remaining non-cancelable terms of the respective
leases. Acquisition costs will generally be expensed as incurred.
We will measure the aggregate value of other intangible assets
acquired based on the difference between (1) the property
valued with existing in-place leases adjusted to market rental
rates and (2) the property valued as if vacant. Our
estimates of value are expected to be made using methods similar
to those used by independent appraisers (e.g., discounted cash
flow analysis). Factors to be considered by us in our analysis
include an estimate of carrying costs during hypothetical
expected
lease-up
periods, considering current market conditions and costs to
execute similar leases.
We will also consider information obtained about each property
as a result of our preacquisition due diligence, marketing and
leasing activities in estimating the fair value of the tangible
and intangible assets acquired. In estimating carrying costs, we
will also include real estate taxes, insurance and other
operating expenses and estimates of lost rentals at market rates
during the expected
lease-up
periods. We will also estimate costs to execute similar leases,
including leasing commissions and legal and other related
expenses to the extent that such costs have not already been
incurred in connection with a new lease origination as part of
the transaction.
The total amount of other intangible assets acquired will be
further allocated to in-place lease values and customer
relationship intangible values based on our evaluation of the
specific characteristics of each tenants lease and our
overall relationship with that respective tenant.
Characteristics that we will consider in allocating these values
include the nature and extent of our existing business
relationships with the tenant, growth prospects for developing
new business with the tenant, and the tenants credit
quality and expectations of lease renewals (including those
existing under the terms of the lease agreement), among other
factors.
32
PART I
FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
|
|
Item 2. |
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition And Results of Operations (continued)
|
We will amortize the value of in-place leases to expense over
the initial term of the respective leases. The value of customer
relationship intangibles will be amortized to expense over the
initial term and any renewal periods in the respective leases,
but in no event will the amortization periods for the intangible
assets exceed the remaining depreciable life of the building.
Should a tenant terminate its lease, the unamortized portion of
the in-place lease value and customer relationship intangibles
would be charged to expense in that period.
Impairment
of Real Estate Assets
We will continually monitor events and changes in circumstances
that could indicate that the carrying amounts of our real estate
and related intangible assets may not be recoverable. When
indicators of potential impairment suggest that the carrying
value of real estate and related intangible assets may not be
recoverable, we will assess the recoverability of the assets by
estimating whether we will recover the carrying value of the
asset through its undiscounted future cash flows and its
eventual disposition. Based on this analysis, if we do not
believe that we will be able to recover the carrying value of
the asset, we will record an impairment loss to the extent that
the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value of the real
estate and related intangible assets and liabilities.
Rents
and Other Receivables
We will periodically evaluate the collectibility of amounts due
from tenants and maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts for
estimated losses resulting from the inability of tenants to make
required payments under lease agreements. We will maintain an
allowance for deferred rent receivable that arises from the
straight-lining of rents in accordance with ASC Topic 840,
Leases. We will exercise judgment in establishing these
allowances and consider payment history and current credit
status of our tenants in developing these estimates.
Revenue
Recognition
We will recognize minimum rent, including rental abatements,
concessions and contractual fixed increases attributable to
operating leases, on a straight-line basis over the term of the
related lease and amounts expected to be received in later years
will be recorded as deferred rents. We will record property
operating expense reimbursements due from tenants for common
area maintenance, real estate taxes, and other recoverable costs
in the period the related expenses are incurred. We will
recognize revenues from property management, asset management,
syndication and other services when the related fees are earned
and are realizable.
We will recognize gains on sales of real estate either in total
or deferred for a period of time, depending on whether a sale
has been consummated, the extent of the buyers investment
in the property being sold, whether the receivable is subject to
future subordination, and the degree of our continuing
involvement with the property after the sale. If the criteria
for profit recognition under the full-accrual method are not
met, we will defer gain recognition and account for the
continued operations of the property by applying the
percentage-of-completion,
reduced profit, deposit, installment or cost recovery method, as
appropriate, until the appropriate criteria are met.
Organization
and Offering Costs
Organization and offering expenses include all expenses (other
than sales commissions and the dealer manager fee) to be paid by
us in connection with our initial public offering and our
private offering, including legal, accounting, printing, mailing
and filing fees, charges of our escrow holder and transfer
agent, expenses of organizing us, data processing fees,
advertising and sales literature costs, transfer agent costs,
bona fide
out-of-pocket
due diligence costs and amounts to reimburse our advisor or its
affiliates for the salaries of its employees and other costs in
connection with preparing supplemental sales materials and
providing other
33
PART I
FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
|
|
Item 2. |
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition And Results of Operations (continued)
|
administrative services. Any reimbursement of expenses paid to
our advisor will not exceed expenses actually incurred by our
advisor.
After the termination of our initial public offering, our
advisor will reimburse us to the extent total organization and
offering expenses plus sales commissions and dealer manager fees
borne by us in connection with the initial public offering
exceed 15% of the gross proceeds raised in our initial public
offering. We may also reimburse costs of bona fide training and
education meetings held by us (primarily the travel, meal and
lodging costs of registered representatives of broker-dealers),
attendance and sponsorship fees and cost reimbursement of
employees of our affiliates to attend seminars conducted by
broker-dealers and, in special, cases, reimbursement to
participating broker-dealers for technology costs associated
with our initial public offering, costs and expenses related to
such technology costs, and costs and expenses associated with
the facilitation of the marketing of our shares and the
ownership of our shares by such broker-dealers customers;
provided, however, that we will not pay any of the foregoing
costs to the extent that such payment would cause total
underwriting compensation to exceed 10% of the gross proceeds of
our initial public offering, as required by the rules of the
Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, or FINRA.
Reimbursements to our advisor or its affiliates for offering
costs paid by them on behalf of the Company with respect to our
private offering is not limited to 15% of the gross offering
proceeds of the private offering. However, we will not make
reimbursements of organization and offering costs in excess of
15% of the gross offering proceeds of the private offering
unless approval is obtained from the independent directors. The
independent directors have not approved the reimbursement of
excess private offering costs. Accordingly, we have not accrued
for the reimbursement of organization and offering costs of the
private offering in excess of the 15% of gross offering proceeds
raised through September 30, 2010.
Income
Taxes
We intend to elect to be taxed as a REIT under the Internal
Revenue Code and intend to operate as such beginning with the
taxable year ending December 31, 2010. To qualify as a
REIT, we must meet certain organizational and operational
requirements, including a requirement to distribute at least 90%
of our annual REIT taxable income to stockholders (which is
computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction or net
capital gain and which does not necessarily equal net income as
calculated in accordance with GAAP). As a REIT, we generally
will not be subject to federal income tax to the extent we
distribute qualifying dividends to our stockholders. If we fail
to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year after the taxable year
in which we initially elect to be taxed as a REIT, we will be
subject to federal income tax on our taxable income at regular
corporate income tax rates and generally will not be permitted
to qualify for treatment as a REIT for federal income tax
purposes for the four taxable years following the year during
which qualification is lost, unless the Internal Revenue Service
grants us relief under certain statutory provisions. Such an
event could materially adversely affect our net income and net
cash available for distribution to stockholders. However, we
intend to organize and operate in such a manner as to qualify
for treatment as a REIT.
Distributions
As described below, our board of directors has declared daily
distributions that are paid on a monthly basis. We expect to
continue paying monthly distributions unless our results of
operations, our general financial condition, general economic
conditions or other factors prohibit us from doing so. During
the early stages of our operations, we may declare distributions
in excess of funds from operations. As a result, our
distribution rate and payment frequency may vary from time to
time. However, to qualify as a REIT for tax purposes, we must
make distributions equal to at least 90% of our REIT
taxable income each year.
In order to provide additional available funds for us to pay
distributions, under certain circumstances our obligation to pay
all fees due to the advisor pursuant to the advisory agreement
will be deferred up to an aggregate amount of $5 million
during our offering stage. If, during any calendar quarter
during our offering
34
PART I
FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
|
|
Item 2. |
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition And Results of Operations (continued)
|
stage, the distributions we pay exceed our funds from operations
(as defined by the National Association of Real Estate
Investment Trusts, or NAREIT), plus (1) any acquisition
expenses and acquisition fees expensed by us that are related to
any property, loan or other investment acquired or expected to
be acquired by us and (2) any non-operating, non-cash
charges incurred by us, such as impairments of property or
loans, any other than temporary impairments of marketable
securities, or other similar charges, for the quarter, which we
refer to as our adjusted funds from operations, the
payment of fees we are obligated to pay our advisor will be
deferred in an amount equal to the amount by which the
distributions paid to our stockholders for the quarter exceed
our adjusted funds from operations up to an amount equal to a
7.0% cumulative non-compounded annual return on
stockholders invested capital, prorated for such quarter.
We are only obligated to pay our advisor for these deferred fees
if and to the extent that our cumulative adjusted funds from
operations for the period beginning on the date of the
commencement of our private offering through the date of any
such payment exceed the lesser of (1) the cumulative amount
of any distributions paid to our stockholders as of the date of
such payment or (2) an amount that is equal to a 7.0%
cumulative, non-compounded, annual return on invested capital
for our stockholders for the period from the commencement of our
initial public offering through the date of such payment. Our
obligation to pay the deferred fees will survive the termination
of the advisory agreement and will continue to be subject to the
repayment conditions above. We will not pay interest on the
deferred fees if and when such fees are paid to our advisor. The
amount of fees that may be deferred as described above is
limited to an aggregate of $5 million.
We accrue the probable and estimable amount of deferred fees and
the deferred fees continue to accrue until the fees are either
paid or it becomes remote that the fees will be paid to our
advisor. We anticipate that any deferred fees will ultimately be
paid and therefore will be accrued when incurred.
In connection with our acquisition of the Lincoln Tower
Apartments on August 11, 2010, our board of directors
declared a cash distribution to our stockholders. Distributions
(1) accrue daily to our stockholders of record as of the
close of business on each day commencing on August 12,
2010, (2) are payable in cumulative amounts on or before
the 15th day of each calendar month with respect to the
prior month commencing in September 2010 and (3) be
calculated at a rate of $0.001917 per share of common stock per
day, which, if paid each day over a
365-day
period, is equivalent to an 7.0% annualized distribution rate
based on a purchase price of $10.00 per share of common stock.
Distributions declared and paid were as follows for the three
months ended September 30, 2010 (in dollars, except per
share amounts):
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net Cash Used in
|
|
|
|
|
Distributions
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating Activities for the
|
|
|
Distributions
|
|
Declared Per
|
|
Distributions Paid(3)
|
|
Nine Months Ended
|
Period
|
|
Declared(1)
|
|
Share(1)(2)
|
|
Cash
|
|
Reinvested
|
|
Total
|
|
September 30, 2010
|
|
For the period from August 12, 2010 to September 30,
2010
|
|
$
|
63,588
|
|
|
$
|
0.096
|
|
|
$
|
24,449
|
|
|
$
|
2,387
|
|
|
$
|
26,836
|
|
|
$
|
(162,787
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
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|
|
(1) |
|
Distributions for the period from August 12, 2010 through
September 30, 2010 are based on daily record dates and are
calculated at a rate of $0.001917 per share per day. |
|
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(2) |
|
Assumes each share was issued and outstanding each day during
the periods presented. |
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|
|
(3) |
|
Distributions are paid on a monthly basis. Distributions for all
record dates of a given month are paid approximately on the 15th
day of the following calendar month. |
For the three months ended September 30, 2010, we paid
aggregate distributions of $26,836, including $24,449 of
distributions paid in cash and 251 shares of our common
stock issued pursuant to the DRP for $2,387. FFO for the three
months ended September 30, 2010 was $(605,980) and cash
flow from operations was $(162,787). We funded our total
distributions paid, which includes net cash distributions and
dividends reinvested by stockholders, with both funds from
operations and proceeds of our private and public offerings.
35
PART I
FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
|
|
Item 2. |
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition And Results of Operations (continued)
|
See the reconciliation of FFO to net income below in Funds
from Operations and Adjusted Funds from Operations.
Over the long-term, we expect that a greater percentage of our
distributions will be paid from cash flow from operations and
FFO (except with respect to distributions related to sales of
our real estate and real estate-related investments). However,
our operating performance cannot be accurately predicted and may
deteriorate in the future due to numerous factors, including
those discussed under Forward-Looking Statements,
and Results of Operations herein. Those factors
include: the future operating performance of our investments in
existing real estate and financial environment; our ability to
identify investments that are suitable to execute our investment
objectives; the success and economic viability of our tenants;
changes in interest rates on our variable rate debt obligations;
and the level of participation in our distribution reinvestment
plan. In the event our FFO
and/or cash
flow from operations decrease in the future, the level of our
distributions may also decrease. In addition, future
distributions declared and paid may exceed FFO
and/or cash
flow from operations.
Liquidity
and Capital Resources
If we raise substantially less funds in our initial public
offering than the maximum offering amount, we will make fewer
investments resulting in less diversification in terms of the
type, number and size of investments we make and the value of an
investment in us will fluctuate with the performance of the
specific assets we acquire. Further, we will have certain fixed
operating expenses, including certain expenses as a public REIT,
regardless of whether we are able to raise substantial funds in
our initial public offering. Our inability to raise substantial
funds would increase our fixed operating expenses as a
percentage of gross income, reducing our net income and limiting
our ability to make distributions.
Once we have fully invested the proceeds of our initial public
offering, we expect that our overall borrowings will be 65% or
less of the cost of our investments, although we expect to
exceed this level during our offering stage in order to enable
us to quickly build a diversified portfolio. Under our charter,
we have a limitation on borrowing which precludes us from
borrowing in excess of 300% of the value of our net assets,
which generally approximates to 75% of the aggregate cost of our
assets, though we may exceed this limit only under certain
circumstances. As of September 30, 2010, our borrowings
were not in excess of 300% of the value of our net assets.
In addition to making investments in accordance with our
investment objectives, we expect to use our capital resources to
make certain payments to our advisor and the dealer manager.
During our organization and offering stage, these payments
include payments to the dealer manager for sales commissions and
the dealer manager fee and payments to our advisor for
reimbursement of certain organization and offering expenses.
However, our advisor has agreed to reimburse us to the extent
that sales commissions, the dealer manager fee and other
organization and offering expenses incurred by us exceed 15% of
the gross offering proceeds of our initial public offering.
During our operating stage, we expect to make payments to our
advisor in connection with the acquisition of investments, the
management of our assets and costs incurred by our advisor in
providing services to us.
Our principal demand for funds will be to acquire properties and
real estate-related assets, to pay operating expenses and
interest on our outstanding indebtedness and to make
distributions to our stockholders. Over time, we intend to
generally fund our cash needs for items, other than asset
acquisitions, from operations. Otherwise, we expect that our
principal sources of working capital will include:
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sales of shares of common stock in our offering;
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various forms of secured financing;
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36
PART I
FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
|
|
Item 2. |
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition And Results of Operations (continued)
|
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equity capital from joint venture partners;
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|
proceeds from our operating partnerships private
placements, if any;
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proceeds from our DRP; and
|
Over the short term, we believe that our sources of capital,
specifically our cash balances, cash flow from operations, our
ability to raise equity capital from joint venture partners, our
ability to obtain various forms of secured financing and
proceeds from our operating partnerships private
placement, if any, will be adequate to meet our liquidity
requirements and capital commitments.
Over the longer term, in addition to the same sources of capital
we will rely on to meet our short term liquidity requirements,
we may also utilize additional secured and unsecured financings
and equity capital from joint venture partners. We may also
conduct additional public or private offerings. We expect these
resources will be adequate to fund our operating activities,
debt service and distributions, which we presently anticipate
will grow over time, and will be sufficient to fund our ongoing
acquisition activities as well as providing capital for
investment in future development and other joint ventures along
with potential forward purchase commitments.
As of September 30, 2010, we had not identified any sources
for these types of financings; however, we continue to evaluate
possible sources for these types of financings and a credit
facility. There can be no assurance that we will be able to
obtain any such financings or credit facility on favorable
terms, if at all.
Cash
Flows from Operating Activities
As of September 30, 2010, we owned one real estate property
which we acquired on August 11, 2010. During the nine
months ended September 30, 2010, net cash used in operating
activities was $162,787, which primarily comprised of general
and administrative expenses prior to the commencement of our
operations and net cash from real estate rental activities for
the period from August 11, 2010 to September 30, 2010,
We expect that our cash flows from operating activities will
increase in future periods as a result of anticipated future
acquisitions of real estate and real estate-related investments.
Cash
Flows from Investing Activities
Our cash used in investing activities will vary based on how
quickly we raise funds in our ongoing initial public offering
and how quickly we invest those funds towards acquisitions of
real estate and real-estate related investments. During the nine
months ended September 30, 2010, net cash used in investing
activities was $2,850,000 and primarily consisted of the
acquisition of real estate.
Cash
Flows from Financing Activities
Our cash flows from financing consist primarily of proceeds from
our ongoing initial public offering and distributions paid to
our stockholders. During the nine months ended
September 30, 2010, net cash provided by financing
activities was $5,655,631 and consisted of the following:
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$6,679,574 of cash provided by offering proceeds related to our
initial public offering, net of (1) payments of commissions
on sales of common stock and related dealer manager fees in the
amount of $540,787 and (2) the reimbursement of other
offering costs to affiliates in the amount of $423,707;
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|
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deferred financing costs of $35,000; and
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|
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|
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$24,449 of net cash distributions, after giving effect to
distributions reinvested by stockholders of $2,387.
|
37
PART I
FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
|
|
Item 2. |
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition And Results of Operations (continued)
|
Contractual
Commitments and Contingencies
We intend to use secured and unsecured debt as a means of
providing additional funds for the acquisition of our properties
and our real estate-related assets. We believe that the careful
use of borrowings will help us achieve our diversification goals
and potentially enhance the returns on our investments. We
expect that our borrowings will be approximately 65% of the cost
of our real properties (before deducting depreciation and
amortization) plus the value of our other investments, after we
have invested substantially all of the net offering proceeds. In
order to facilitate investments in the early stages of our
operations, we expect to temporarily borrow in excess of our
long-term targeted debt level. Under our charter, we have a
limitation on borrowing which precludes us from borrowing in
excess of 300% of our net assets which generally approximates to
75% of the aggregate cost of our assets. We may borrow in excess
of this amount if such excess is approved by a majority of the
independent directors and disclosed to stockholders in our next
quarterly report, along with a justification for such excess. In
such event, we will monitor our debt levels and take action to
reduce any such excess as practicable. We do not intend to
exceed our charters leverage limit except in the early
stages of our operations when the costs of our investments are
most likely to substantially exceed our net offering proceeds.
Our aggregate borrowings will be reviewed by our board of
directors at least quarterly. As of September 2010, our
borrowings were not in excess of 300% of the value of our net
assets.
In addition to using our capital resources for investing
purposes and meeting our debt obligations, we expect to use our
capital resources to make certain payments to our advisor and
the dealer manager. During our organization and offering stage,
these payments will include payments to the dealer manager for
selling commissions and dealer manager fees and payments to the
dealer manager and our advisor for reimbursement of certain
organization and other offering expenses. However, our advisor
has agreed to reimburse us to the extent that selling
commissions, dealer manager fees and organization and other
offering expenses incurred by us exceed 15% of our gross
offering proceeds. During our acquisition and development stage,
we expect to make payments to our advisor in connection with the
selection and origination or purchase of real estate and real
estate-related investments, the management of our assets and
costs incurred by our advisor in providing services to us.
As of September 30, 2010, we had a note payable in the
principal amount of $6,650,000, or the Lincoln Tower Note,
issued by the seller of the Lincoln Tower Property in connection
with our acquisition of the Lincoln Tower property on
August 11, 2010. For more information on the Lincoln Tower
Note, see Note 6 to our consolidated financial statements
included herein.
The following is a summary of our contractual obligations as of
September 30, 2010:
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Payments Due During the Years Ending December 31,
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Remainder of
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Contractual Obligations
|
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Total
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
2011-2012
|
|
|
2013-2014
|
|
|
Thereafter
|
|
|
Interest payments on outstanding debt obligations(1)
|
|
$
|
1,995,000
|
|
|
$
|
99,750
|
|
|
$
|
798,000
|
|
|
$
|
798,000
|
|
|
$
|
299,250
|
|
Principal payments on outstanding debt obligations(2)
|
|
$
|
6,650,000
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
6,650,000
|
|
|
|
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(1) |
|
Projected interest payments on outstanding debt obligations are
based on the outstanding principal amounts and interest rates in
effect at September 30, 2010. We incurred interest expense
of $56,525 during the nine months ended September 30, 2010,
excluding amortization of deferred financing costs totaling $274. |
38
PART I
FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
|
|
Item 2. |
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition And Results of Operations (continued)
|
|
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|
(2) |
|
Projected principal payments on outstanding debt obligations are
based on the terms of the Lincoln Tower Note whereby no
principal payments are required until the maturity of the
Lincoln Tower Note on September 1, 2015. |
Results
of Operations
Overview
During the period from our inception (May 4, 2009) to
August 11, 2010, we had been formed and had commenced both
our private and public offering but had not yet commenced real
estate operations, as we had not yet acquired any real estate
investments. As a result, we had no material results of
operations for that period. On August 11, 2010, we acquired
our first real estate investment and, accordingly, commenced
operations on that date.
Net
loss
Our results of operations for the three and nine months ended
September 30, 2010 are not indicative of those expected in
future periods. We have not yet invested all of the proceeds
from our offering received to date and expect to continue to
raise additional capital, increase our borrowings and make
future acquisitions, which would have a significant impact on
our future results of operations. We commenced real estate
operations on August 11, 2010 in connection with the
acquisition of our first investment, the Lincoln Tower property,
which is the sole real property we own as of September 30,
2010. In general, we expect that our income and expenses related
to our portfolio will increase in future periods as a result of
anticipated future acquisitions of real estate and real
estate-related investments.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2010, we
had a net loss of $781,538 and $1,207,808, respectively,
primarily due to the costs associated with our organization and
offering costs related to our private offering further described
in the notes to our consolidated financial statements included
herein and the fact that we did not commence operations until
August 11, 2010.
Total
revenues
Rental income and tenant reimbursements was $277,651 for the
three and nine months ended September 30, 2010, which
resulted from the acquisition of the Lincoln Tower property on
August 11, 2010. We expect rental income and tenant
reimbursements to increase in future periods as a result of
anticipated future acquisitions of real estate.
Operating
expenses
Operating, maintenance and management expenses were $86,087 for
the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009. Real
estate taxes and insurance were $46,137 for the three and nine
months ended September 30, 2010. These expenses resulted
from the acquisition of the Lincoln Tower property on
August 11, 2010. We expect these amounts to increase in
future periods as a result of anticipated future acquisitions of
real estate.
Fees
to affiliates
Fees to affiliates pursuant to our advisory agreement were
$217,408 for the three and nine months ended September 30,
2010. We expect fees to affiliate to increase in future periods
as a result of anticipated future acquisitions of real estate
and real estate-related investments.
39
PART I
FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
|
|
Item 2. |
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition And Results of Operations (continued)
|
Depreciation
and amortization
Depreciation and amortization expenses were $175,558 for the
three and nine months ended September 30, 2010, which
resulted from the acquisition of the Lincoln Tower property on
August 11, 2010. We expect these amounts to increase in
future periods as a result of anticipated future acquisitions of
real estate.
Interest
expense
Interest expense was $56,799 for the three and nine months ended
September 30, 2010. Included in interest expense is the
amortization of deferred financing costs of $274 for the three
and nine months ended September 30, 2010. Our interest
expense in future periods will vary based on our level of future
borrowings, which will depend on the amount of proceeds raised
in our ongoing initial public offering, the availability and
cost of debt financing and the opportunity to acquire real
estate and real estate-related investments meeting our
investment objectives.
General
and administrative expense
General and administrative expenses were $375,208 and $753,963
for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2010,
respectively. These general and administrative costs consisted
primarily of legal fees, audit fees, transfer agent fees and
other professional fees. We expect general and administrative
expenses to increase in future periods as we acquire additional
real estate and real estate-related investments but to decrease
as a percentage of total revenue.
Acquisition
Costs
Acquisition costs were $101,992 and $149,507 for the three and
nine months ended September 30, 2010, respectively, and
relate to the acquisition of prospective and acquired real
estate and real estate-related investments.
Inflation
Substantially all of our multifamily property leases will be for
a term of one year or less. In an inflationary environment, this
may allow us to realize increased rents upon renewal of existing
leases or the beginning of new leases. Short-term leases
generally will minimize our risk from the adverse effects of
inflation, although these leases generally permit tenants to
leave at the end of the lease term and therefore will expose us
to the effects of a decline in market rents. In a deflationary
rent environment, we may be exposed to declining rents more
quickly under these shorter term leases.
With respect to other commercial properties, we expect to
include provisions in our leases designed to protect us from the
impact of inflation. These provisions will include reimbursement
billings for operating expense pass-through charges, real estate
tax and insurance reimbursements, or in some cases annual
reimbursement of operating expenses above a certain allowance.
We believe that shorter term lease contracts lessen the impact
of inflation due to the ability to adjust rental rates to market
levels as leases expire.
As of September 30, 2010, we had not entered into any
leases as a lessee.
REIT
Compliance
To qualify as a REIT for tax purposes, we will be required to
distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income (which is
computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction or net
capital gain and which does not necessarily equal net income as
calculated in accordance with GAAP) to our stockholders. We must
also meet certain asset and income tests, as well as other
requirements. We will monitor the business and
40
PART I
FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
|
|
Item 2. |
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition And Results of Operations (continued)
|
transactions that may potentially impact our REIT status. If we
fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be
subject to federal income tax (including any applicable
alternative minimum tax) on our taxable income at regular
corporate rates.
Funds
from Operations and Adjusted Funds from Operations
Our calculation of FFO, which we believe is consistent with the
calculation of FFO as defined by NAREIT, and our calculation of
Adjusted Funds from Operations, as defined below, is presented
in the following table for the three months ended
September 30, 2010:
|
|
|
|
|
Reconciliation of net loss to FFO:
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss attributable to common stockholders
|
|
$
|
(780,538
|
)
|
Add:
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation of real estate assets
|
|
|
50,199
|
|
Amortization of lease-related costs
|
|
|
125,359
|
|
Less:
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest
|
|
|
(1,000
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
FFO
|
|
$
|
(605,980
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reconciliation of FFO to AFFO:
|
|
|
|
|
FFO
|
|
$
|
(605,980
|
)
|
Add: Acquisition expenses and fees
|
|
|
294,753
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
AFFO
|
|
$
|
(311,227
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
FFO per share
|
|
$
|
(.89
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
AFFO per share
|
|
$
|
(.46
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average shares
|
|
|
680,632
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Set forth below is additional information related to certain
items included in net loss, FFO and AFFO, above, which may be
helpful in assessing our operating results. Please see the
accompanying consolidated statements of cash flows for details
of our operating, investing, and financing cash activities.
Significant
Items Included in Net Loss and FFO:
|
|
|
|
|
Interest expense from the amortization of deferred financing
costs related to notes payable of approximately $56,799 for the
three months ended September 30, 2010; and
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acquisition fees and expenses related to the purchase of real
estate of approximately $294,753 for the three months ended
September 30, 2010.
|
GAAP basis accounting for real estate assets utilizes historical
cost accounting and assumes real estate values diminish over
time. In an effort to overcome the difference between real
estate values and historical cost accounting for real estate
assets, the Board of Governors of NAREIT established the
measurement tool of funds from operations, or FFO. Since its
introduction, FFO has become a widely used non-GAAP financial
measure among REITs. We believe that FFO is helpful to investors
as an additional measure of the performance of an equity REIT.
We intend to compute FFO in accordance with standards
established by the Board of Governors of NAREIT in its April
2002 White Paper, which we refer to as the White
Paper, and related implementation guidance, which may
differ from the methodology for calculating FFO utilized by
other equity REITs, and, accordingly, may not be comparable to
such other REITs. The White Paper defines
41
PART I
FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
|
|
Item 2. |
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition And Results of Operations (continued)
|
FFO as net income (loss) (computed in accordance with GAAP),
excluding gains (or losses) from sales, plus real estate related
depreciation and amortization, and after adjustments for
unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures. While FFO is a
relevant and widely used measure of operating performance for
REITs, it should not be considered as an alternative to net
income (determined in accordance with GAAP) as an indication of
financial performance, or to cash flows from operating
activities (determined in accordance with GAAP) as a measure of
our liquidity, nor is it indicative of funds available to fund
our cash needs, including our ability to make distributions.
We also compute Adjusted Funds from Operations, or AFFO, as a
non-GAAP financial measure that we believe is a useful
supplemental measure of our performance. We compute AFFO by
adding any acquisition expenses and acquisition fees expensed by
us that are related to any property, loan or other investment
acquired or expected to be acquired by us and any non-operating,
non-cash charges incurred by us, such as impairments of property
or loans, any other than temporary impairments of marketable
securities, or other similar charges. AFFO is not intended to
represent cash flow for the period, and it only provides an
additional perspective on our ability to fund cash needs and
make distributions to stockholders by adjusting the effect of
the non-cash items included in FFO, as well as recurring capital
expenditures and leasing costs. We believe that net income or
loss is the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure to
AFFO. We also believe that AFFO provides useful information to
the investment community about our financial position as
compared to other REITs since AFFO is a widely reported measure
used by other REITs. However, other REITs may use different
methodologies for calculating AFFO and, accordingly, our AFFO
may not be comparable to other REITs.
Operating cash flow and FFO may also be used to fund all or a
portion of certain capitalizable items that are excluded from
FFO, such as tenant improvements, building improvements and
deferred leasing costs.
Off-Balance
Sheet Arrangements
As of September 30, 2010, we had no off-balance sheet
arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a
current or future effect on our financial conditions, changes in
financial conditions, revenues or expenses, results of
operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.
Related-Party
Transactions and Agreements
We have entered into agreements with our advisor and its
affiliates, whereby we agree to pay certain fees to, or
reimburse certain expenses of, our advisor or its affiliates for
acquisition fees and expenses, organization and offering costs,
sales commissions, dealer manager fees, asset and property
management fees and reimbursement of operating costs. Refer to
Note 8 to our condensed consolidated unaudited financial
statements included in this Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q
for a discussion of the various related-party transactions,
agreements and fees.
42
PART I
FINANCIAL INFORMATION (continued)
|
|
Item 3.
|
Qualitative
and Quantitative Disclosure About Market Risk.
|
Market risk is the adverse effect on the value of a financial
instrument that results from a change in interest rates. We may
be exposed to interest rate changes primarily as a result of
long-term debt used to maintain liquidity, fund capital
expenditures and expand our real estate investment portfolio and
operations. Market fluctuations in real estate financing may
affect the availability and cost of funds needed to expand our
investment portfolio. In addition, restrictions upon the
availability of real estate financing or high interest rates for
real estate loans could adversely affect our ability to dispose
of real estate in the future. We will seek to limit the impact
of interest rate changes on earnings and cash flows and to lower
our overall borrowing costs. We may use derivative financial
instruments to hedge exposures to changes in interest rates on
loans secured by our assets. The market risk associated with
interest-rate contracts is managed by establishing and
monitoring parameters that limit the types and degree of market
risk that may be undertaken. With regard to variable rate
financing, our advisor will assess our interest rate cash flow
risk by continually identifying and monitoring changes in
interest rate exposures that may adversely impact expected
future cash flows and by evaluating hedging opportunities. Our
advisor will maintain risk management control systems to monitor
interest rate cash flow risk attributable to both our
outstanding and forecasted debt obligations as well as our
potential offsetting hedge positions. While this hedging
strategy will be designed to minimize the impact on our net
income and funds from operations from changes in interest rates,
the overall returns on your investment may be reduced. We
believe that we currently have limited exposure to financial
market risks as our outstanding indebtedness bears interest at a
fixed rate. Accordingly, as of September 30, 2010, an
increase or decrease in interest rates would have no effect on
our interest expense.
We will also be exposed to credit risk. Credit risk is the
failure of the counterparty to perform under the terms of the
derivative contract. If the fair value of a derivative contract
is positive, the counterparty will owe us, which creates credit
risk for us. If the fair value of a derivative contract is
negative, we will owe the counterparty and, therefore, do not
have credit risk. We will seek to minimize the credit risk in
derivative instruments by entering into transactions with
high-quality counterparties.
|
|
Item 4.
|
Controls
and Procedures.
|
Disclosure
Controls and Procedures
As of the end of the period covered by this report, our
management, including our chief executive officer and our chief
financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and
operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined
in
Rules 13a-15(e)
and
15d-15(e)
under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the
Exchange Act). Based upon and as of the date of the evaluation,
our chief executive officer and chief financial officer
concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were
effective as of the end of the period covered by this report to
ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports
we file and submit under the Exchange Act is recorded,
processed, summarized and reported as and when required.
Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation,
controls and procedures designed to ensure that information
required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file and submit
under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our
management, including our chief executive officer and our chief
financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions
regarding required disclosure.
Internal
Control Over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in our internal control over
financial reporting that occurred during our last fiscal quarter
that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to
materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
43
PART II
OTHER INFORMATION
|
|
Item 1.
|
Legal
Proceedings.
|
None.
None.
|
|
Item 2.
|
Unregistered
Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
|
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2010,
we did not repurchase any of our securities.
On April 15, 2010, we granted 5,000 shares of
restricted stock to each of our three independent directors
pursuant to our independent directors compensation plan in
a private transaction exempt from registration pursuant to
Section 4(2) of the Securities Act. One-fourth of the
independent directors restricted stock become
non-forfeitable on the date of grant and one-fourth will become
non-forfeitable on each of the first three anniversaries of the
date of grant.
We conducted a private offering of up to $94,000,000 in shares
of common stock at $9.40 per share (subject to discounts) to
accredited investors (as defined in Rule 501 under the
Securities Act) pursuant to a confidential private placement
memorandum dated October 13, 2009, as supplemented. We
terminated the private offering on or about July 9, 2010,
at which time we had raised $5,844,325, net of offering costs of
$876,649, from the sale of 637,279 shares of our common
stock.
Each of the purchasers of our common shares in the private
offering has represented to us that he or she is an accredited
investor. Based upon these representations, we believe that the
issuances of our common shares were exempt from the registration
requirements pursuant to Section 4(2) of the Securities Act
and Regulation D promulgated thereunder.
On July 9, 2010 our Registration Statement on
Form S-11
(File
No. 333-160748),
registering a public offering of up to $1,650,000,000 in shares
of our common stock, was declared effective under the Securities
Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and we commenced
our initial public offering on July 19, 2010. We are
offering up to 150,000,000 shares of our common stock to
the public in our primary offering at $10.00 per share and up to
15,789,474 shares of our common stock pursuant to our
distribution reinvestment plan at $9.50 per share. As of
September 30, 2010, we had sold 731,030 shares of our
common stock, including 251 shares issued pursuant to the
DRP, for gross offering proceeds of $6,772,075 in the private
offering and public offering.
We intend to use substantially all of the net proceeds from our
public and private offerings to invest in and manage a diverse
portfolio of real estate investments, primarily in the
multifamily sector, located throughout the United States. In
addition to our focus on multifamily properties, we may also
selectively invest in industrial properties and other types of
commercial properties. We may also acquire or originate
mortgage, bridge and other real estate loans and equity
securities of other real estate companies. As of
September 30, 2010, we had invested in one multifamily
property located in Springfield, Illinois which we purchased for
an aggregate purchase price of $9,500,000. The acquisition of
this property was funded from proceeds of our offerings and
$6,650,000 in seller financing.
As of September 30, 2010, we have not redeemed any shares
of our common stock pursuant to our share redemption plan.
|
|
Item 3.
|
Defaults
Upon Senior Securities.
|
None.
None.
44
PART II
OTHER INFORMATION (continued)
|
|
Item 5.
|
Other
Information.
|
On November 9, 2010, Dinesh K. Davar, our Chief Financial
Officer and Treasurer, resigned from his respective positions
with us, effective as of November 9, 2010. On
November 9, 2010, our board of directors appointed James M.
Kasim to serve as our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer,
effective as of November 9, 2010.
Mr. Kasim, age 41, previously served as Chief
Financial Officer of Pacific Office Properties Trust, Inc. (NYSE
Amex: PCE), a publicly traded real estate investment trust, from
February 2008 to September 2009. At Pacific Office Properties
Trust, Mr. Kasim was responsible for all areas of finance
and accounting and was integrally involved in the capital
markets initiatives of the company. Mr. Kasim also
previously served as President and Chief Operating Officer and
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of
BentleyForbes, a national private commercial real estate company
with a portfolio in excess of $2 Billion from September 2009 to
May 2010 and from June 2005 to July 2007, respectively. In
addition, Mr. Kasim previously served for approximately
eleven years as a Senior Manager with Ernst &
Youngs Real Estate and Hospitality practice.
Mr. Kasim received a Bachelor of Science Degree in Business
Administration from California State University, Northridge and
a Masters in Business Administration, with honors, from the
Marshall School of Business at the University of Southern
California. Mr. Kasim is a Certified Public Accountant and
a member of the American Institute of Certified Public
Accountants and the California State Society of Certified Public
Accountants. Mr. Kasim has also served as Adjunct Professor
for the School of Policy, Planning and Development at the
University of Southern California in the Masters Degree in
Real Estate Development Program and continues to serve as a
guest lecturer for many of the University of Southern
Californias other programs.
Item 6.
Exhibits.
Effective February 1, 2010, Steadfast Secure Income REIT,
Inc., Steadfast Secure Income Advisor, LLC and Steadfast Secure
Income REIT Operating Partnership, L.P. changed their names to
Steadfast Income REIT, Inc.,
Steadfast Income Advisor, LLC and Steadfast Income REIT
Operating Partnership, L.P., respectively. With respect to
documents executed prior to the name change, the following
Exhibit List refers to the entity names used prior to the
name changes in order to accurately reflect the names of the
entities that appear on such documents.
|
|
|
|
|
|
3
|
.1
|
|
Second Articles of Amendment and Restatement of Steadfast Income
REIT, Inc. (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to Pre-Effective Amendment
No. 4 to the Company Registrants Registration
Statement on
Form S-11
(No. 333-160748)
and incorporated herein by reference).
|
|
3
|
.2
|
|
Bylaws of Steadfast Secure Income REIT, Inc. (filed as
Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrants Registration Statement
on
Form S-11
(No. 333-160748)
and incorporated herein by reference).
|
|
4
|
.1
|
|
Form of Subscription Agreement (included as Appendix B to
prospectus, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to
Pre-Effective Amendment No. 5 to the Registrants
Registration Statement on
Form S-11
(No. 333-160748)
and incorporated herein by reference).
|
|
4
|
.2
|
|
Steadfast Income REIT, Inc. Distribution Reinvestment Plan
(included as Appendix C to prospectus, incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Pre-Effective Amendment
No. 5 to the Registrants Registration Statement on
Form S-11
(No. 333-160748)
and incorporated herein by reference).
|
|
10
|
.1
|
|
Purchase Agreement, dated as of March 25, 2010, by and
between Chicago Title Land Trust Company, as Trustee
under Trust Number
51-0615-0
dated August 15, 1967, an Illinois Land Trust by Towne
Realty, Inc. d/b/a Lincoln Tower, Inc. as authorized beneficiary
and Steadfast Asset Holdings, Inc. (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.7 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the
Registrants Registration Statement on
Form S-11,
filed November 12, 2010, Commission File
No. 333-160748
(Post-Effective Amendment No. 1))
|
45
|
|
|
|
|
|
10
|
.2
|
|
First Amendment to Purchase Agreement, dated as of May 14,
2010, by and between Chicago Title Land Trust Company,
as Trustee under Trust Number
51-0615-0
dated August 15, 1967, an Illinois Land Trust by Towne
Realty, Inc. d/b/a Lincoln Tower, Inc. as authorized beneficiary
and Steadfast Asset Holdings, Inc. (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.8 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 1)
|
|
10
|
.3
|
|
Assignment and Assumption of Purchase Agreement, dated as of
August 10, 2010, by and between Steadfast Asset Holdings,
Inc. and SIR Lincoln Tower, LLC (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.9 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 1)
|
|
10
|
.4
|
|
Purchase Money Note, dated August 11, 2010, issued by SIR
Lincoln Tower, LLC in favor of Towne Realty, Inc. d/b/a Lincoln
Tower, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to
Post-Effective Amendment No. 1)
|
|
10
|
.5
|
|
Purchase Money Mortgage, Assignment of Rents, Leases and
Security Agreement, dated as of August 11, 2010, by and
between SIR Lincoln Tower, LLC and Towne Realty, Inc. d/b/a
Lincoln Tower, Inc. (including attached Acknowledgment and
Agreement of Key Principal to Personal Liability for Exceptions
to Non-Recourse Liability by Steadfast income REIT, Inc.)
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to
Post-Effective Amendment No. 1)
|
|
10
|
.6
|
|
Property Management Agreement, entered into as of
August 11, 2010, by and between SIR Lincoln Tower, LLC and
Steadfast Management Co., Inc. (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.12 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 1)
|
|
31
|
.1
|
|
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to
Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
|
|
31
|
.2
|
|
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to
Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
|
|
32
|
.1
|
|
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to
Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
|
|
32
|
.2
|
|
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to
Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
|
46
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on
its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Steadfast Income REIT, Inc.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Date: November 15, 2010
|
|
By:
|
|
/s/ Rodney F. Emery
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rodney F. Emery
Chief Executive Officer, President and
Chairman of the Board
(Principal Executive Officer)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Date: November 15, 2010
|
|
By:
|
|
/s/ James M. Kasim
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
James M. Kasim
Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
|
47
EXHIBIT INDEX
Effective February 1, 2010, Steadfast Secure Income REIT,
Inc., Steadfast Secure Income Advisor, LLC and Steadfast Secure
Income REIT Operating Partnership, L.P. changed their names to
Steadfast Income REIT, Inc., Steadfast Income Advisor, LLC and
Steadfast Income REIT Operating Partnership, L.P., respectively.
With respect to documents executed prior to the name change, the
following Exhibit List refers to the entity names used
prior to the name changes in order to accurately reflect the
names of the entities that appear on such documents.
|
|
|
|
|
|
3
|
.1
|
|
Second Articles of Amendment and Restatement of Steadfast Income
REIT, Inc. (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to Pre-Effective Amendment
No. 4 to the Registrants Registration Statement on
Form S-11
(No. 333-160748)
and incorporated herein by reference).
|
|
3
|
.2
|
|
Bylaws of Steadfast Secure Income REIT, Inc. (filed as
Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrants Registration Statement
on
Form S-11
(No. 333-160748)
and incorporated herein by reference).
|
|
4
|
.1
|
|
Form of Subscription Agreement (included as Appendix B to
prospectus, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to
Pre-Effective Amendment No. 5 to the Registrants
Registration Statement on
Form S-11
(No. 333-160748)
and incorporated herein by reference).
|
|
4
|
.2
|
|
Steadfast Income REIT, Inc. Distribution Reinvestment Plan
(included as Appendix C to prospectus, incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Pre-Effective Amendment
No. 5 to the Registrants Registration Statement on
Form S-11
(No. 333-160748)
and incorporated herein by reference).
|
|
10
|
.1
|
|
Purchase Agreement, dated as of March 25, 2010, by and
between Chicago Title Land Trust Company, as Trustee
under Trust Number
51-0615-0
dated August 15, 1967, an Illinois Land Trust by Towne
Realty, Inc. d/b/a Lincoln Tower, Inc. as authorized beneficiary
and Steadfast Asset Holdings, Inc. (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.7 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the
Registrants Registration Statement on
Form S-11,
filed November 12, 2010, Commission File
No. 333-160748
(Post-Effective Amendment No. 1))
|
|
10
|
.2
|
|
First Amendment to Purchase Agreement, dated as of May 14,
2010, by and between Chicago Title Land Trust Company,
as Trustee under Trust Number
51-0615-0
dated August 15, 1967, an Illinois Land Trust by Towne
Realty, Inc. d/b/a Lincoln Tower, Inc. as authorized beneficiary
and Steadfast Asset Holdings, Inc. (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.8 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 1)
|
|
10
|
.3
|
|
Assignment and Assumption of Purchase Agreement, dated as of
August 10, 2010, by and between Steadfast Asset Holdings,
Inc. and SIR Lincoln Tower, LLC (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.9 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 1)
|
|
10
|
.4
|
|
Purchase Money Note, dated August 11, 2010, issued by SIR
Lincoln Tower, LLC in favor of Towne Realty, Inc. d/b/a Lincoln
Tower, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to
Post-Effective Amendment No. 1)
|
|
10
|
.5
|
|
Purchase Money Mortgage, Assignment of Rents, Leases and
Security Agreement, dated as of August 11, 2010, by and
between SIR Lincoln Tower, LLC and Towne Realty, Inc. d/b/a
Lincoln Tower, Inc. (including attached Acknowledgment and
Agreement of Key Principal to Personal Liability for Exceptions
to Non-Recourse Liability by Steadfast Income REIT, Inc.)
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to
Post-Effective Amendment No. 1)
|
|
10
|
.6
|
|
Property Management Agreement, entered into as of
August 11, 2010, by and between SIR Lincoln Tower, LLC and
Steadfast Management Co., Inc. (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.12 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 1)
|
|
31
|
.1
|
|
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to
Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
|
|
31
|
.2
|
|
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to
Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
|
|
32
|
.1
|
|
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to
Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
|
|
32
|
.2
|
|
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to
Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
|
48
EXHIBIT B
RULE 3-14
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
WITH REGARD TO THE LINCOLN TOWER PROPERTY
FINANCIAL
INFORMATION FOR THE LINCOLN TOWER PROPERTY
|
|
|
|
|
(a)
|
|
Financial Statements of Real Estate Acquired
|
|
|
|
|
Lincoln Tower Property
|
|
|
|
|
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
|
|
F-1
|
|
|
Statements of Revenues Over Certain Operating Expenses for the
Three Months Ended May 31, 2010 (unaudited) and the Fiscal
Year Ended February 28, 2010
|
|
F-2
|
|
|
Notes to Statements of Revenues Over Certain Operating Expenses
for the Three Months Ended May 31, 2010 (unaudited) and the
Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2010
|
|
F-3
|
(b)
|
|
Pro Forma Financial Information
|
|
|
|
|
Steadfast Income REIT, Inc.
|
|
|
|
|
Summary of Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Statements
|
|
F-5
|
|
|
Unaudited Pro Forma Balance Sheet as of June 30, 2010
|
|
F-6
|
|
|
Unaudited Pro Forma Statement of Operations for the Six Months
Ended June 30, 2010
|
|
F-8
|
|
|
Unaudited Pro Forma Statement of Operations for the Year Ended
December 31, 2009
|
|
F-10
|
REPORT OF
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of
Steadfast Income REIT, Inc.
We have audited the accompanying statement of revenues over
certain operating expenses of the Lincoln Tower Property for the
fiscal year ended February 28, 2010. This statement is the
responsibility of the Lincoln Tower Propertys management.
Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the statement
based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the auditing standards
generally accepted in the United States. Those standards require
that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable
assurance about whether the statement of revenues over certain
operating expenses is free of material misstatement. We were not
engaged to perform an audit of the Lincoln Tower Propertys
internal control over financial reporting. Our audit included
consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a
basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the
circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion
on the effectiveness of the Lincoln Tower Propertys
internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we
express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a
test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in
the statement of revenues over certain operating expenses,
assessing the accounting principles used and significant
estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall
presentation of the statement of revenues over certain operating
expenses. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis
for our opinion.
The accompanying statement of revenues over certain operating
expenses was prepared for the purpose of complying with the
rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission,
as described in Note 2, and is not intended to be a
complete presentation of the Lincoln Tower Propertys
revenues and expenses.
In our opinion, the statement of revenues over certain operating
expenses referred to above presents fairly, in all material
respects, the revenues and certain operating expenses, as
described in Note 2, of the Lincoln Tower Property for the
fiscal year ended February 28, 2010, in conformity with
U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
Irvine, California
October 15, 2010
F-1
LINCOLN
TOWER PROPERTY
STATEMENTS
OF REVENUES OVER CERTAIN OPERATING EXPENSES
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended
|
|
|
Fiscal Year Ended
|
|
|
|
May 31, 2010
|
|
|
February 28, 2010
|
|
|
|
(unaudited)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenues:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rental income
|
|
$
|
482,072
|
|
|
$
|
1,825,440
|
|
Tenant reimbursements and other
|
|
|
8,629
|
|
|
|
45,064
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenues
|
|
|
490,701
|
|
|
|
1,870,504
|
|
Expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Repairs and maintenance
|
|
|
59,975
|
|
|
|
304,376
|
|
Real estate taxes and insurance
|
|
|
64,879
|
|
|
|
241,634
|
|
Utilities
|
|
|
47,546
|
|
|
|
256,783
|
|
General and administrative expenses
|
|
|
8,848
|
|
|
|
25,220
|
|
Management fees
|
|
|
19,154
|
|
|
|
72,683
|
|
Salaries & wages
|
|
|
43,926
|
|
|
|
179,296
|
|
Security
|
|
|
3,328
|
|
|
|
27,136
|
|
Other operating expenses
|
|
|
3,894
|
|
|
|
25,261
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total expenses
|
|
|
251,550
|
|
|
|
1,132,389
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenues over certain operating expenses
|
|
$
|
239,151
|
|
|
$
|
738,115
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes to statements of revenues over certain
operating expenses.
F-2
LINCOLN
TOWER PROPERTY
NOTES TO
STATEMENTS OF REVENUES OVER CERTAIN OPERATING EXPENSES
For the
Three Months Ended May 31, 2010 (unaudited)
and the
Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2010
|
|
1.
|
DESCRIPTION
OF REAL ESTATE PROPERTY AND BUSINESS
|
On August 11, 2010 (the Closing Date),
Steadfast Income REIT, Inc. (the Company) acquired a
fee simple interest in a multifamily property located in
Springfield, Illinois, commonly known as the Lincoln Tower
Apartments (the Lincoln Tower Property), through SIR
Lincoln Tower, LLC, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of
Steadfast Income REIT Operating Partnership, LP, the
Companys operating partnership. The Lincoln Tower Property
is a 17-story apartment complex constructed in 1968. The Lincoln
Tower Property contains 190 one, two and three-bedroom
apartments ranging from approximately 750 to 1,800 square
feet, as well as underground parking facilities and various
community amenities such as a doorman, a fitness center, a club
room, laundry facilities and extra storage space. The Lincoln
Tower Property also includes approximately 8,800 square
feet of commercial office space,
The Company is a Maryland corporation formed to invest in and
manage a diverse portfolio of real estate investments, primarily
in the multifamily sector, located throughout the United States.
The accompanying statements of revenues over certain operating
expenses have been prepared to comply with the rules and
regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission
(SEC).
The Lincoln Tower Property is not a legal entity and the
accompanying statements are not representative of the actual
operations for the periods presented, as certain revenues and
expenses have been excluded that may not be comparable to the
revenues and expenses the Company expects to incur in the future
operations of the Lincoln Tower Property. Excluded items include
interest, depreciation and amortization, and general and
administrative costs not directly comparable to the future
operations of the Lincoln Tower Property.
An audited statement of revenues over certain operating expenses
is being presented for the most recent fiscal year available
instead of the three most recent years based on the following
factors: (1) the Lincoln Tower Property was acquired from
an unaffiliated party and (2) based on due diligence of the
Lincoln Tower Property conducted by the Company, management is
not aware of any material factors relating to the Lincoln Tower
Property that would cause this financial information not to be
indicative of future operating results.
Square footage, occupancy and other measures used to describe
real estate included in the notes to statements of revenues over
certain operating expenses are presented on an unaudited basis.
The statement of revenues over certain operating expenses for
the three months ended May 31, 2010 is unaudited; however,
in the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting solely
of normal, recurring adjustments) necessary for the fair
presentation of the financial statement for the interim period
have been included. The results of the interim period are not
necessarily indicative of the results to be obtained for a full
fiscal year.
|
|
3.
|
SIGNIFICANT
ACCOUNTING POLICIES
|
Rental
Revenues
The Lincoln Tower Property recognizes minimum rent, including
rental abatements, concessions and contractual fixed increases
attributable to commercial operating leases, on a straight-line
basis over the term of the related lease and amounts expected to
be received in later years will be recorded as deferred rents.
The Lincoln Tower Property records property operating expense
reimbursements due from tenants for common area maintenance,
real estate taxes, and other recoverable costs in the period the
related expenses are incurred.
F-3
The adjustment to record deferred rent increased rental revenue
by $794 for the fiscal year ended February 28, 2010 and
increased rental revenue by $122 for the three months ended
May 31, 2010 (unaudited).
Included in tenant reimbursement revenue for the fiscal year
ended February 28, 2010 is $5,924 of tenant reimbursements
earned from a commercial tenant pursuant to a commercial lease
agreement. The term of the lease expired on December 31,
2009 and no such amounts related to the respective lease were
earned subsequent to that date.
Use of
Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with
U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires
management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the
reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting
period. Actual results could materially differ from those
estimates.
|
|
4.
|
DESCRIPTION
OF LEASING ARRANGEMENTS
|
As of February 28, 2010, the Lincoln Tower Property was 88%
leased by a diverse group of 171 tenants, comprised of 165
residential tenants and six commercial office tenants. For the
fiscal year ended February 28, 2010, the Lincoln Tower
Property earned approximately 94% and 6% of its rental income
from residential tenants and commercial office tenants,
respectively. The residential tenant lease terms consist of
lease durations equal to twelve months or less. The commercial
office tenant leases consist of lease durations varying from
three years to five years.
|
|
5.
|
FUTURE
MINIMUM RENTAL COMMITMENTS
|
As of February 28, 2010, future minimum rental receipts due
under non-cancelable operating leases attributable to commercial
office tenants for the fiscal years succeeding February 28,
2010 were as follows (in thousands):
|
|
|
|
|
2011
|
|
$
|
112,104
|
|
2012
|
|
|
85,006
|
|
2013
|
|
|
66,371
|
|
2014
|
|
|
18,642
|
|
2015
|
|
|
7,863
|
|
Thereafter
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
289,986
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6.
|
COMMITMENTS
AND CONTINGENCIES
|
Certain commercial office lease tenants have lease termination
options built into their leases, which are subject to
termination fees. In the event that a tenant does exercise its
option to terminate its lease early and the terminated space is
not subsequently leased out, the amount of future minimum rent
received will be reduced.
F-4
STEADFAST
INCOME REIT, INC.
SUMMARY
OF UNAUDITED PRO FORMA FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The following pro forma information should be read in
conjunction with the consolidated balance sheets of the Company
as of December 31, 2009 and June 30, 2010, the related
consolidated statements of operations, stockholders
equity, and cash flows for the six months ended June 30,
2010, and the notes thereto. The consolidated balance sheet of
the Company as of December 31, 2009 and the consolidated
financial statements of the Company as of and for the six months
ended June 30, 2010 have been included in the
Companys prior filings with the SEC. In addition, this pro
forma information should be read in conjunction with the
statements of revenues over certain operating expenses and the
notes thereto of Lincoln Tower Property, which is included in
this filing.
The following unaudited pro forma balance sheet as of
June 30, 2010, has been prepared to give effect to the
acquisition of the Lincoln Tower Property as if the acquisition
occurred on June 30, 2010.
The following unaudited pro forma statements of operations for
the six months ended June 30, 2010 and for the year ended
December 31, 2009, have been prepared to give effect to the
acquisition of the Lincoln Tower Property as if the acquisition
occurred on January 1, 2009.
These unaudited pro forma financial statements are prepared for
informational purposes only and are not necessarily indicative
of future results or of actual results that would have been
achieved had the acquisition of the Lincoln Tower Property been
consummated as of the dates indicated. The results of operations
for the Lincoln Tower Property included in the unaudited pro
forma statement of operations were derived from the results of
operations of the Lincoln Tower Property for its fiscal year
ended February 28, 2010 and for the three month period
ended May 31, 2010. In addition, the pro forma balance
sheet includes pro forma allocations of the purchase price based
upon preliminary estimates of the fair value of the assets and
liabilities acquired in connection with the acquisitions. These
allocations may be adjusted in the future upon finalization of
these preliminary estimates.
F-5
STEADFAST
INCOME REIT, INC.
UNAUDITED
PRO FORMA BALANCE SHEET
As of
June 30, 2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pro Forma Adjustments
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Steadfast
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
REIT, Inc.
|
|
|
Lincoln Tower
|
|
|
Pro Forma
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Historical(a)
|
|
|
Property(b)
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
Assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Real estate:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Land
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
258,600
|
(c)
|
|
$
|
258,600
|
|
|
|
|
|
Buildings and improvements
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8,741,736
|
(c)
|
|
|
8,741,736
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tenant origination and absorption costs
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
499,664
|
(c)
|
|
|
499,664
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total real estate, cost
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9,500,000
|
|
|
|
9,500,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total real estate, net
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9,500,000
|
|
|
|
9,500,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
3,539,334
|
|
|
|
(985,526
|
)(b)
|
|
|
2,553,808
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rents and other receivables, net
|
|
|
166,474
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
166,474
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred financing costs, prepaid expenses and other assets
|
|
|
258,088
|
|
|
|
10,000
|
(b)
|
|
|
268,088
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets
|
|
$
|
3,963,896
|
|
|
$
|
8,524,474
|
|
|
$
|
12,488,370
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities and stockholders equity
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Notes payable
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
6,650,000
|
(b)
|
|
$
|
6,650,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
|
|
|
32,859
|
|
|
|
302,184
|
(b)
|
|
|
335,043
|
|
|
|
|
|
Due to affiliates
|
|
|
475,697
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
475,697
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities
|
|
|
508,556
|
|
|
|
6,952,184
|
|
|
|
7,460,740
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Commitments and contingencies
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stockholders equity:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Preferred stock, $.01 par value; 100,000 shares
authorized, no shares issued and outstanding
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common stock, $.01 par value; 999,999,999 shares
authorized, 504,532 shares issued and outstanding, 689,609
pro forma shares
|
|
|
5,045
|
|
|
|
1,851
|
|
|
|
6,896
|
|
|
|
|
|
Convertible stock, $.01 par value; 1,000 shares
issued, and outstanding as of June 30, 2010
|
|
|
10
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additional paid-in capital
|
|
|
3,875,555
|
|
|
|
1,570,439
|
|
|
|
5,445,994
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated deficit
|
|
|
(426,270
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(426,270
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total stockholders equity
|
|
|
3,454,340
|
|
|
|
1,572,290
|
|
|
|
5,026,630
|
|
|
|
|
|
Noncontrolling interest
|
|
|
1,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total equity
|
|
|
3,455,340
|
|
|
|
1,572,290
|
|
|
|
5,027,630
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities and stockholders equity
|
|
$
|
3,963,896
|
|
|
$
|
8,524,474
|
|
|
$
|
12,488,370
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-6
STEADFAST
INCOME REIT, INC.
NOTES TO
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA BALANCE SHEET
As of
June 30, 2010
(a) Historical financial information, as of June 30,
2010, derived from the Companys Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q.
(b) Represents adjustments to the balance sheet of the
Company to give effect to the acquisition of the Lincoln Tower
Property and related cash, other assets and liabilities. The
purchase price, exclusive of closing, other acquisition costs,
of the Lincoln Tower Property was $9.50 million and was
funded with proceeds from the Companys initial public and
private offering and seller-financing in the amount of
$6.65 million.
(c) The Company allocated the cost of tangible assets,
identifiable intangibles and assumed liabilities (consisting of
tenant origination and absorption costs) acquired in a business
combination based on their estimated fair values. The purchase
price allocation is preliminary and subject to change.
F-7
STEADFAST
INCOME REIT, INC.
UNAUDITED
PRO FORMA STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
For the
Six Months Ended June 30, 2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lincoln Tower
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Steadfast Income
|
|
|
Property
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
REIT, Inc.
|
|
|
(Pro forma
|
|
|
Pro Forma
|
|
|
|
Historical(a)
|
|
|
Adjustments)(b)
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
Revenues:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rental income
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
964,079
|
(c)
|
|
$
|
964,079
|
|
Tenant reimbursements and other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
17,258
|
(d)
|
|
|
17,258
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenues
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
981,337
|
|
|
|
981,337
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating, maintenance and management
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
350,638
|
(e)
|
|
|
350,638
|
|
Real estate taxes and insurance
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
153,220
|
(f)
|
|
|
153,220
|
|
Fees to affiliate
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
72,499
|
(g)
|
|
|
72,499
|
|
General and administrative expenses
|
|
|
378,755
|
|
|
|
17,696
|
(h)
|
|
|
396,451
|
|
Depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
620,144
|
(i)
|
|
|
620,144
|
|
Interest expense
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
200,500
|
(j)
|
|
|
200,500
|
|
Acquisition Costs
|
|
|
47,515
|
|
|
|
(47,515
|
)(k)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total expenses
|
|
|
426,270
|
|
|
|
1,367,182
|
|
|
|
1,793,452
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss
|
|
$
|
(426,270
|
)
|
|
$
|
(385,845
|
)
|
|
$
|
(812,115
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss per common share, basic and diluted
|
|
$
|
(2.10
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
(1.18
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding, basic and
diluted
|
|
|
203,297
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
689,609
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-8
STEADFAST
INCOME REIT, INC.
NOTES TO
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
For the
Six Months Ended June 30, 2010
(a) Historical financial information, for the six months
ended June 30, 2010, derived from the Companys
Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q.
(b) Represents adjustments to historical operations of the
Company to give effect to the acquisition of the Lincoln Tower
Property, as if this asset had been acquired as of
January 1, 2009.
(c) Represents base rental income (not reflected in the
historical statement of operations of the Company) for the six
months ended June 30, 2010, based on the historical
operations of the previous owners of the Lincoln Tower Property.
Base rent is recognized on a straight-line basis beginning on
the pro forma acquisition date of January 1, 2009.
(d) Represents operating cost reimbursements and other
operating income from tenants (not reflected in the historical
statement of operations of the Company) for the six months ended
June 30, 2010, based on historical operations of the
previous owners of the Lincoln Tower Property.
(e) Represents operating expenses (not reflected in the
historical statement of operations of the Company) for the six
months ended June 30, 2010, based on historical operations
of the previous owners of the Lincoln Tower Property.
(f) Represents real estate taxes and insurance expense
incurred by the Lincoln Tower property (not reflected in the
historical statement of operations of the Company) for the six
months ended June 30, 2010, based on management estimates.
(g) Represents fees (not reflected in the historical
statement of operations of the Company) for the six months ended
June 30, 2010 that would be due to affiliates had the
Lincoln Tower Property been acquired on January 1, 2010.
These fees are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
Investment Management Fees: Investment management
fees are payable to the advisor based on an annual fee, payable
monthly, of 0.80% of the acquisition cost of the Lincoln Tower
Property, including acquisition fees and acquisition expenses,
as defined in the advisory agreement. The investment management
fees payable to the Advisor attributable to the acquisition cost
of the Lincoln Tower Property for the six months ended
June 30, 2010 was $38,552; and
|
|
|
|
Property Management Fees: Property management fees
are payable to the property manager based on 3.5% of the monthly
gross revenues of the Lincoln Tower Property, as defined in the
Property Management Agreement. The property management fees
payable to the property manager for the six months ended
June 30, 2010 was $33,947.
|
(h) Represents general and administrative expenses (not
reflected in the historical statement of operations of the
Company) for the six months ended June 30, 2010, based on
historical operations of the previous owners of the Lincoln
Tower Property.
(i) Represents depreciation expense (not reflected in the
historical statement of operations of the Company) for the six
months ended June 30, 2010. Depreciation expense on the
purchase price of the building is recognized using the
straight-line method and a 27.5-year life. Depreciation expense
on the purchase price of the tenant improvements is recognized
using the straight-line method over the life of the lease.
Amortization expense on lease intangible costs is recognized
using the straight-line method over the life of the lease.
(j) Represents interest expense incurred on
$6.65 million in seller financing from the seller of the
Lincoln Tower Property pursuant to in Promissory Note bearing
interest at a rate of 6% representing a monthly payment of
interest only in the amount of $33,250, as further described in
the
Form 8-K
filed by the Company on August 17, 2010.
(k) Represents adjustments made to acquisition costs for
the six months ended June 30, 2010, in order to eliminate
those amounts incurred by the Company that were attributable to
the Lincoln Tower Property during the six months ended
June 30, 2010, as if this asset had been acquired as of
January 1, 2009.
F-9
STEADFAST
INCOME REIT, INC.
UNAUDITED
PRO FORMA STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
For the
Year Ended December 31, 2009
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Steadfast
|
|
|
Lincoln Tower
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income
|
|
|
Property
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
REIT, Inc.
|
|
|
(Pro forma
|
|
|
Pro Forma
|
|
|
|
Historical(a)
|
|
|
Adjustments)(b)
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
Revenues:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rental income
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
1,825,440
|
(c)
|
|
$
|
1,825,440
|
|
Tenant reimbursements and other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
45,064
|
(d)
|
|
|
45,064
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenues
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,870,504
|
|
|
|
1,870,504
|
|
Expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating, maintenance and management
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
792,851
|
(e)
|
|
|
792,851
|
|
Real estate taxes and insurance
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
306,439
|
(f)
|
|
|
306,439
|
|
Fees to affiliate
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
334,627
|
(g)
|
|
|
334,627
|
|
General and administrative expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
25,220
|
(h)
|
|
|
25,220
|
|
Depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
803,276
|
(i)
|
|
|
803,276
|
|
Interest expense
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
401,000
|
(j)
|
|
|
401,000
|
|
Acquisition costs
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
50,406
|
(k)
|
|
|
50,406
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,713,819
|
|
|
|
2,713,819
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
(843,315
|
)
|
|
$
|
(843,315
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss per common share, basic and diluted
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
(1.22
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding, basic and
diluted
|
|
|
22,233
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
689,609
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-10
STEADFAST
INCOME REIT, INC.
NOTES TO
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
For the
Year Ended December 31, 2009
(a) Historical financial information derived from the
Companys audited financial statements for the year ended
December 31, 2009. The Company did not commence operations
until August 11, 2010, the date upon which it acquired the
Lincoln Tower Property. However from the date of its formation
on May 4, 2009 to December 31, 2009, the Company
issued 22,223 shares of common stock.
(b) Represents adjustments to historical operations of the
Company to give effect to the acquisition of the Lincoln Tower
Property, as if this asset had been acquired as of
January 1, 2009.
(c) Represents base rental income (not reflected in the
historical statement of operations of the Company) for the year
ended December 31, 2009, based on the historical operations
of the previous owners of the Lincoln Tower Property. Base rent
is recognized on a straight-line basis beginning on the pro
forma acquisition date of January 1, 2009.
(d) Represents operating cost reimbursements and other
operating income from tenants (not reflected in the historical
statement of operations of the Company) for the year ended
December 31, 2009, based on historical operations of the
previous owners of the Lincoln Tower Property.
(e) Represents operating expenses (not reflected in the
historical statement of operations of the Company) for the year
ended December 31, 2009, based on historical operations of
the previous owners of the Lincoln Tower Property.
(f) Represents real estate taxes and insurance expense
incurred by Lincoln Tower Property (not reflected in the
historical statement of operations of the Company) for the year
ended December 31, 2009, based on management estimates.
(g) Represents fees (not reflected in the historical
statement of operations of the Company) for the year ended
December 31, 2009 that would be due to affiliates had the
Lincoln Tower Property been acquired on January 1, 2009.
These fees are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
Acquisition Fees: Acquisition fees are payable based
on 2% of the sum of the acquisition cost of the Lincoln Tower
Property, including acquisition expenses (with the total
acquisition fees and acquisition expenses payable to the advisor
being subject to a limitation of 6% of the contract purchase
price), as defined in the advisory agreement. The acquisition
fee payable to the advisor attributable to the acquisition of
the Lincoln Tower Property was $192,761.
|
|
|
|
Investment Management Fees: Investment management
fees are payable to the advisor based on an annual fee, payable
monthly, of 0.80% of the acquisition cost of the Lincoln Tower
Property, including acquisition fees and acquisition expenses,
as defined in the advisory agreement. The investment management
fees payable to the advisor attributable to the acquisition cost
of the Lincoln Tower Property for the year ended
December 31, 2009 was $77,105; and
|
|
|
|
Property Management Fees: Property management fees
are payable to the property manager based on 3.5% of the monthly
gross revenues of the Lincoln Tower Property, as defined in the
Property Management Agreement. The property management fees
payable to the property manager for the year ended
December 31, 2009 was $64,761.
|
(h) Represents general and administrative expenses (not
reflected in the historical statement of operations of the
Company) for the year ended December 31, 2009, based on
historical operations of the previous owners of the Lincoln
Tower Property.
(i) Represents depreciation expense (not reflected in the
historical statement of operations of the Company) for the year
ended December 31, 2009. Depreciation expense on the
purchase price of the building is recognized using the
straight-line method and a 27.5-year life. Depreciation expense
on the purchase price of the tenant improvements is recognized
using the straight-line method over the life of the lease.
Amortization expense on lease intangible costs is recognized
using the straight-line method over the life of the lease.
F-11
(j) Represents interest expense incurred on
$6.65 million in seller financing from seller of the
Lincoln Tower Property pursuant to a Promissory Note bearing an
interest rate of 6% representing a monthly payment of interest
only in the amount of $33,250, as further described in the
Form 8-K
filed by the Company on August 17, 2010.
(k) Represents adjustments made to acquisition costs for
the year ended December 31, 2009, to include those amounts
incurred by the Company that were attributable to the Lincoln
Tower Property through August 11, 2010, as if the asset had
been acquired as of January 1, 2009.
F-12
PART II
INFORMATION
NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
|
|
Item 31.
|
Other
Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
SEC registration fee
|
|
$
|
92,000
|
|
FINRA filing fee
|
|
|
75,500
|
|
Accounting fees and expenses
|
|
|
2,140,000
|
|
Legal fees and expenses
|
|
|
1,921,000
|
|
Sales and advertising expenses
|
|
|
6,058,500
|
|
Blue Sky fees and expenses
|
|
|
113,000
|
|
Printing expenses
|
|
|
5,350,000
|
|
Miscellaneous
|
|
|
3,000,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
18,750,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Item 32.
|
Sales
to Special Parties.
|
Not Applicable.
|
|
Item 33.
|
Recent
Sales of Unregistered Securities.
|
On June 12, 2009, we issued 22,223 shares of common
stock at $9.00 per share to Steadfast REIT Investments, LLC, our
sponsor, in exchange for $200,007 in cash. On July 10, 2009
we also issued 1,000 shares of our convertible stock at
$1,000 per share to Steadfast Income Advisor, LLC, our advisor.
In each case, we relied on Section 4(2) of the Securities
Act for the exemption from the registration requirements of the
Securities Act. Steadfast REIT Investments, LLC and Steadfast
Income Advisor, LLC, by virtue of their affiliation with us, had
access to information concerning our proposed operations and the
terms and conditions of their respective investments.
On July 10, 2009, Steadfast Income Advisor, LLC contributed
$1,000 to our operating partnership in exchange for its limited
partnership interest in our operating partnership. Our operating
partnership relied on Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of
1933, as amended, for the exemption from the registration
requirements of these issuances. Our advisor, by virtue of its
affiliation with us, had access to information concerning our
operating partnerships proposed operations and the terms
and conditions of its investment.
On October 13, 2009, we commenced a private placement offering
of up to $94,000,000 in shares of our common stock at $9.40 per
share to accredited investors (as defined in Rule 501 under
the Securities Act) pursuant to a confidential private placement
memorandum dated October 13, 2009, as supplemented. From
October 13, 2009 through July 9, 2010, the date we
terminated the private placement, we had sold 637,279 shares of
common stock in the private placement for gross offering
proceeds of $5,844,325. Each of the purchasers of shares of our
common stock in the private placement has represented to us that
he or she is an accredited investor. Based upon these
representations, we believe that the issuances of shares of our
common stock in the private placement are exempt from the
registration requirements pursuant to Section 4(2) of the
Securities Act and Regulation D promulgated thereunder.
On April 15, 2010, we granted 5,000 shares of restricted
stock to each of our three independent directors pursuant to our
independent directors compensation plan in a private
transaction exempt from registration pursuant to
Section 4(2) of the Securities Act. One-fourth of the
independent directors restricted stock become
non-forfeitable on the date of grant and one-fourth will become
non-forfeitable on each of the first three anniversaries of the
date of grant.
II-1
|
|
Item 34.
|
Indemnification
of Directors and Officers.
|
Subject to certain limitations, our charter limits the personal
liability of our directors and officers to us and our
stockholders for monetary damages. Maryland law permits a
corporation to include in its charter a provision limiting the
liability of its directors and officers to the corporation and
its stockholders for money damages except for liability
resulting from (a) actual receipt of an improper benefit or
profit in money, property or services or (b) active and
deliberate dishonesty established by a final judgment and which
is material to the cause of action. Pursuant to Maryland
corporate law and our charter, we are also required, subject to
certain limitations, to indemnify, and pay or reimburse
reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a
proceeding to, a present or former director or officer, our
advisor, or any affiliate of our advisor and may indemnify, and
pay or reimburse reasonable expenses in advance of final
disposition of a proceeding to, a present or former employee or
agent, which we refer to as indemnitees, against any or all
losses or liabilities reasonably incurred by the indemnitee in
connection with or by reason of any act or omission performed or
omitted to be performed on our behalf while a director, officer,
advisor, affiliate, employee or agent. However, we will not
indemnify a director, the advisor or an affiliate of the advisor
for any liability or loss suffered by such indemnitee or hold
such indemnitee harmless for any liability or loss suffered by
us if: (1) the loss or liability was the result of
negligence or misconduct if the indemnitee is an affiliated
director, the advisor or an affiliate of the advisor, or if the
indemnitee is an independent director, the loss or liability was
the result of gross negligence or willful misconduct,
(2) the indemnitee has not determined, in good faith, that
the course of conduct that caused the loss or liability was in
our best interests or (3) the indemnitee was not acting on
our behalf or performing services for us. Moreover, we will not
indemnify any indemnitee if (1) the act or omission was
material to the loss or liability and was committed in bad faith
or was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty,
(2) the indemnitee actually received an improper personal
benefit in money, property, or services, (3) in the case of
any criminal proceeding, the indemnitee had reasonable cause to
believe that the act or omission was unlawful or (4) in a
proceeding by or in the right of the company, the indemnitee
shall have been adjudged to be liable to us. In addition, we
will not provide indemnification to a director, the advisor or
an affiliate of the advisor for any loss or liability arising
from an alleged violation of federal or state securities laws
unless one or more of the following conditions are met:
(1) there has been a successful adjudication on the merits
of each count involving alleged securities law violation as to
the particular indemnitee; (2) such claims have been
dismissed with prejudice on the merits by a court of competent
jurisdiction as to the particular indemnitee or (3) a court
of competent jurisdiction approves a settlement of the claims
against a particular indemnitee and finds that indemnification
of the settlement and the related costs should be made, and the
court considering the request of indemnification has been
advised of the position of the SEC and of the published position
of any state securities regulatory authority in which our
securities were offered or sold as to indemnification for
violation of securities laws.
Pursuant to our charter, we may pay or reimburse reasonable
expenses incurred by a director, the advisor or an affiliate of
the advisor in advance of final disposition of a proceeding only
if the following are satisfied: (1) the indemnitee was made
a party to the proceeding by reason of the performance of duties
or services on our behalf, (2) the indemnitee provides us
with written affirmation of his good faith belief that he has
met the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification by us
as authorized by the charter, (3) the indemnitee provides
us with a written agreement to repay the amount paid or
reimbursed by us, together with the applicable legal rate of
interest thereon, if it is ultimately determined that the
indemnitee did not comply with the requisite standard of conduct
and (4) the legal proceeding was initiated by a third party
who is not a stockholder or, if by a stockholder acting in his
capacity as such, a court of competent jurisdiction approves
such advancement.
Any indemnification of a director, the advisor or an affiliate
of the advisor may be paid only out of our net assets, and no
portion may be recoverable from the stockholders.
Prior to the effectiveness of this registration statement, we
will have entered into indemnification agreements with each of
our executive officers and directors. The indemnification
agreements will require, among other things, that we indemnify
our executive officers and directors and advance to the
executive officers and directors all related expenses, subject
to reimbursement if it is subsequently determined that
indemnification is not permitted. In accordance with these
agreements, we must indemnify and advance all
II-2
expenses incurred by executive officers and directors seeking to
enforce their rights under the indemnification agreements. We
will also cover officers and directors under our directors
and officers liability insurance.
|
|
Item 35.
|
Treatment
of Proceeds from Securities Being Registered.
|
Not applicable.
|
|
Item 36.
|
Financial
Statements and Exhibits.
|
(a) Financial Statements:
The following financial statements of the Registrant are filed
as part of this Registration Statement and included in the
Prospectus and supplements to the Prospectus.
Prospectus dated July 9, 2009
Financial Statements of Steadfast Income REIT, Inc.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2010 (unaudited)
and December 31, 2009
Notes to Consolidated Balance Sheets
Supplement No. 4 dated December 10, 2010
Financial Statements of Steadfast Income REIT, Inc.
Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2010
(unaudited) and December 31, 2009
Consolidated Statement of Operations for the three and nine
months ended September 30, 2010 (unaudited)
Consolidated Statements of Equity for the period from
May 4, 2009 (inception) to December 31, 2009 and for
the nine months ended September 30, 2010 (unaudited)
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the nine months ended
September 30, 2010 (unaudited)
Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements as of
September 30, 2010 (unaudited)
Financial Statements for Lincoln Tower Property
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Statements of Revenues Over Certain Operating Expenses for the
three months ended May 31, 2010 (unaudited) and the fiscal
year ended February 28, 2010
Notes to Statements of Revenues Over Certain Operating Expenses
for the three months ended May 31, 2010 (unaudited) and the
fiscal year ended February 28, 2010
Pro Forma Financial Information for Steadfast Income REIT,
Inc.
Summary of Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Statements
Unaudited Pro Forma Balance Sheet as of June 30, 2010
Unaudited Pro Forma Statement of Operations for the six months
ended June 30, 2010
Unaudited Pro Forma Statement of Operations for the year ended
December 31, 2009
(b) Exhibits:
Effective February 1, 2010, Steadfast Secure Income REIT,
Inc., Steadfast Secure Income Advisor, LLC and Steadfast Secure
Income REIT Operating Partnership, L.P. changed their names to
Steadfast Income REIT, Inc., Steadfast Income Advisor, LLC and
Steadfast Income REIT Operating Partnership, L.P., respectively.
With respect to documents executed prior to the name change, the
following Exhibit List refers to the entity names used
prior to the name changes in order to accurately reflect the
names of the entities that appear on such documents.
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
.1
|
|
Dealer Manager Agreement (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 1.1 to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 4 to the
Registrants Registration Statement on Form S-11,
filed May 6, 2010, Commission File No. 333-160748
(Pre-Effective Amendment No. 4))
|
|
1
|
.2
|
|
Participating Dealer Agreement (included as Exhibit A to Exhibit
1.1)
|
|
3
|
.1
|
|
Second Articles of Amendment and Restatement of Steadfast Income
REIT, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to
Pre-Effective Amendment No. 4)
|
II-3
|
|
|
|
|
|
3
|
.2
|
|
Bylaws of Steadfast Secure Income REIT, Inc. (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrants
Registration Statement on Form S-11, filed July 23,
2009, Commission File No. 333-160748)
|
|
4
|
.1
|
|
Form of Subscription Agreement (included in the Prospectus as
Appendix B)
|
|
4
|
.2
|
|
Form of Distribution Reinvestment Plan (included in the
Prospectus as Appendix C)
|
|
5
|
.1
|
|
Opinion of Venable LLP as to the legality of the securities
being registered (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 5.1
to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 4)
|
|
8
|
.1
|
|
Opinion of Alston & Bird LLP regarding certain federal
income tax considerations (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 8.1 to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 4)
|
|
10
|
.1
|
|
Amended and Restated Advisory Agreement (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Pre-Effective Amendment
No. 4)
|
|
10
|
.2
|
|
Limited Partnership Agreement of Steadfast Secure Income REIT
Operating Partnership, L.P. (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.3 to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the
Registrants Registration Statement on Form S-11,
filed October 15, 2009, Commission File No. 333-160748
(Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1))
|
|
10
|
.3
|
|
Steadfast Secure Income REIT, Inc. 2009 Long-Term Incentive Plan
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to Pre-Effective
Amendment No. 1)
|
|
10
|
.4
|
|
Steadfast Secure Income REIT, Inc. Independent Directors
Compensation Plan (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.5 to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1)
|
|
10
|
.5
|
|
Amendment to the Steadfast Secure Income REIT, Inc. Independent
Directors Compensation Plan (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.5 to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 4)
|
|
10
|
.6
|
|
Form of Restricted Stock Award Certificate (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.6 to Pre-Effective Amendment
No. 4)
|
|
10
|
.7
|
|
Purchase Agreement, dated as of March 25, 2010, by and
between Chicago Title Land Trust Company, as Trustee under Trust
Number 51-0615-0 dated August 15, 1967, an Illinois Land
Trust by Towne Realty, Inc. d/b/a Lincoln Tower, Inc. as
authorized beneficiary and Steadfast Asset Holdings, Inc.
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to
Post-Effective Amendment No. 1, filed November 12,
2010, Commission File No. 333-160748 (Post-Effective
Amendment No. 1))
|
|
10
|
.8
|
|
First Amendment to Purchase Agreement, dated as of May 14,
2010, by and between Chicago Title Land Trust Company, as
Trustee under Trust Number 51-0615-0 dated August 15, 1967,
an Illinois Land Trust by Towne Realty, Inc. d/b/a Lincoln
Tower, Inc. as authorized beneficiary and Steadfast Asset
Holdings, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8
to Post-Effective Amendment No. 1)
|
|
10
|
.9
|
|
Assignment and Assumption of Purchase Agreement, dated as of
August 10, 2010, by and between Steadfast Asset Holdings,
Inc. and SIR Lincoln Tower, LLC. (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.9 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 1)
|
|
10
|
.10
|
|
Purchase Money Note, dated August 11, 2010, issued by SIR
Lincoln Tower, LLC in favor of Towne Realty, Inc. d/b/a Lincoln
Tower, Inc. (including attached Acknowledgment and Agreement of
Key Principal to Personal Liability For Exceptions to
Non-Recourse
Liability by Steadfast Income REIT, Inc.) (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.10 to Post-Effective Amendment
No. 1)
|
|
10
|
.11
|
|
Purchase Money Mortgage, Assignment of Rents, Leases and
Security Agreement, dated as of August 11, 2010, by and
between SIR Lincoln Tower, LLC and Towne Realty, Inc. d/b/a
Lincoln Tower, Inc. (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.11 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 1)
|
|
10
|
.12
|
|
Property Management Agreement, entered into as of
August 11, 2010, by and between SIR Lincoln Tower, LLC and
Steadfast Management Co., Inc. (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.12 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 1)
|
|
21
|
|
|
Subsidiaries of the Company
|
|
23
|
.1
|
|
Consent of Ernst & Young LLP
|
|
23
|
.2
|
|
Consent of Venable LLP (contained in its opinion filed as
Exhibit 5.1)
|
|
23
|
.4
|
|
Consent of Alston & Bird LLP (contained in its opinion
filed as Exhibit 8.1)
|
|
23
|
.5
|
|
Consent of Lakemont Group (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 23.5 to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 5 to the
Registrants Registration Statement on Form S-11,
filed June 17, 2010, Commission File No. 333-160748)
|
|
24
|
**
|
|
Power of Attorney (included on signature page)
|
II-4
The registrant undertakes:
(1) to file during any period in which offers or sales are
being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration
statement:
(i) to include any prospectuses required by
Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act;
(ii) to reflect in the prospectus any facts or events
arising after the effective date of the registration statement
(or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which,
individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change
in the information set forth in the registration
statement; and
(iii) to include any material information with respect to
the plan of distribution not previously disclosed on the
registration statement or any material change to such
information in the registration statement;
(2) that, for the purpose of determining any liability
under the Securities Act each such
post-effective
amendment may be deemed to be a new registration statement
relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of
such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial
bona fide offering thereof;
(3) each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) as
part of this registration statement shall be deemed to be part
of and included in the registration statement as of the date it
is first used after effectiveness; provided, however, that no
statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is
part of the registration statement or made in a document
incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the
registration statement or prospectus that is part of the
registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of
contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify
any statement that was made in the registration statement or
prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made
in any such document immediately prior to such date of first use;
(4) to remove from registration by means of a
post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered
that remain unsold at the termination of the offering;
(5) that all post-effective amendments will comply with the
applicable forms, rules and regulations of the SEC in effect at
the time such post-effective amendments are filed;
(6) that in a primary offering of securities of the
registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless
of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the
purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such
purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the
undersigned will be a seller to the purchaser and will be
considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:
(i) any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the
registrant relating to the offering required to be filed
pursuant to Rule 424;
(ii) any free writing prospectus relating to the offering
prepared by or on behalf of the registrant or used or referred
to by the registrant;
(iii) the portion of any other free writing prospectus
relating to the offering containing material information about
the registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the
registrant; and
(iv) any other communication that is an offer in the
offering made by the registrant to the purchaser;
(7) to send to each stockholder, at least on an annual
basis, a detailed statement of any transactions with the
registrants advisor or its affiliates, and of fees,
commissions, compensations and other benefits
II-5
paid or accrued to the advisor or its affiliates, for the fiscal
year completed, showing the amount paid or accrued to each
recipient and the services performed;
(8) to provide to the stockholders the financial statements
required by
Form 10-K
for the first full fiscal year of operations;
(9) to file a sticker supplement pursuant to
Rule 424(c) under the Securities Act during the
distribution period describing each significant property that
has not been identified in the prospectus whenever a reasonable
probability exists that a property will be acquired and to
consolidate all stickers into a post-effective amendment filed
at least once every three months during the distribution period,
with the information contained in such amendment provided
simultaneously to existing stockholders. Each sticker supplement
shall disclose all compensation and fees received by the advisor
and its affiliates in connection with any such acquisition. The
post-effective amendment shall include or incorporate by
reference audited financial statements in the format described
in
Rule 3-14
of
Regulation S-X
that have been filed or are required to be filed on
Form 8-K
for all significant property acquisitions that have been
consummated;
(10) to file, after the end of the distribution period, a
current report on
Form 8-K
containing the financial statements and any additional
information required by
Rule 3-14
of
Regulation S-X,
as appropriate based on the type of property acquired and the
type of lease to which such property will be subject, to reflect
each commitment (such as the signing of a binding purchase
agreement) made after the end of the distribution period
involving the use of 10.0% or more (on a cumulative basis) of
the net proceeds of the offering and to provide the information
contained in such report to the stockholders at least once per
quarter after the distribution period of the offering has
ended; and
(11) insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising
under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors,
officers, and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to
the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been
advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange
Commission such indemnification is against public policy as
expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the
event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities
(other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred
or paid by a director, officer, or controlling person of the
registrant in the successful defense of any such action, suit,
or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer, or
controlling person in connection with the securities being
registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its
counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent,
submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question
whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as
expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the
final adjudication of such issue.
II-6
TABLE
VI
ACQUISITION
OF PROPERTIES BY PROGRAMS FOR PRIOR REAL ESTATE PROGRAMS
(UNAUDITED)
This table provides summary information on acquisitions of
properties by prior real estate programs with similar or
identical investment objectives to this program during the most
recent three years ended December 31, 2009.
|
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
Gross
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
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|
|
Acres, Leasable
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Space or
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number of
|
|
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|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
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|
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|
|
Units and
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|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Contract
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Square
|
|
|
|
|
Mortgage and Other
|
|
|
Cash
|
|
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Price &
|
|
|
Cash
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Type of
|
|
Feet
|
|
Date of
|
|
|
Financing
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|
|
Down
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|
|
Acquisition
|
|
|
Expenditures
|
|
|
Total
|
|
Property
|
|
Location
|
|
Property
|
|
of Units
|
|
Purchase
|
|
|
at Purchase(1)
|
|
|
Payment
|
|
|
Fee
|
|
|
Capitalized
|
|
|
Price
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
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|
|
|
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|
|
Steadfast Foxview, LP
|
|
Carpentersville, IL
|
|
Multifamily
|
|
373 Units/284,702 Square feet
|
|
|
12/23/2008
|
|
|
$
|
39,750,000
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
39,750,000
|
|
|
$
|
211,043
|
|
|
$
|
39,961,043
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Steadfast-BLK, LLC
|
|
Citrus Heights, CA
|
|
Enclosed Regional Mall
|
|
1,927,746 square feet
|
|
|
1/29/2008
|
|
|
|
84,000,000
|
|
|
|
24,938,725
|
|
|
|
107,911,430
|
|
|
|
452,292
|
|
|
|
108,363,722
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Steadfast Lexington Green, LP
|
|
EI Cajon, CA
|
|
Multifamily
|
|
144 Units/127,384 Square feet
|
|
|
4/19/2007
|
|
|
|
16,750,000
|
|
|
|
1,050,000
|
|
|
|
17,800,000
|
|
|
|
359,690
|
|
|
|
18,159,690
|
|
|
|
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|
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|
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|
|
|
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|
|
|
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|
Steadfast Villa Nueva, LP
|
|
San Ysidro, CA
|
|
Multifamily
|
|
398 Units/358,900 Square feet
|
|
|
9/14/2007
|
|
|
|
37,500,000
|
|
|
|
3,650,000
|
|
|
|
41,150,000
|
|
|
|
542,188
|
|
|
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41,692,188
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
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|
Steadfast Woodranch, LLC
|
|
Simi Valley, CA
|
|
Office/Medical Buildings
|
|
26 units/85,103 square feet
|
|
|
4/25/2007
|
|
|
|
9,464,323
|
|
|
|
757,860
|
|
|
|
10,361,975
|
|
|
|
1,093,305
|
|
|
|
11,455,280
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
Las Tiendas de la Paz SRL de CV
|
|
La Paz, Mexico
|
|
Land
|
|
17.54 acres
|
|
|
2/6/2008
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,000,000
|
|
|
|
10,551,820
|
|
|
|
861,322
|
|
|
|
11,413,142
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
|
|
Includes mortgage and other
financing.
|
II-7
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the
registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe
that it meets all of the requirements for filing on
Form S-11
and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on
its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the
City of Newport Beach, State of California, on December 9,
2010.
Steadfast Income REIT, Inc.
Rodney F. Emery
Chief Executive Officer, President and
Chairman of the Board
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this
amended registration statement has been signed by the following
persons in the following capacities and on December 9, 2010.
Rodney F. Emery
Chief Executive Officer, President and
Chairman of the Board
(principal executive officer)
James M. Kasim
Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
(principal financial officer and principal accounting officer)
Scot B. Barker
Director
Larry H. Dale
Director
Jeffrey J. Brown
Director
Rodney F. Emery
Attorney-in-Fact
EXHIBIT INDEX
Effective February 1, 2010, Steadfast Secure Income REIT,
Inc., Steadfast Secure Income Advisor, LLC and Steadfast Secure
Income REIT Operating Partnership, L.P. changed their names to
Steadfast Income REIT, Inc., Steadfast Income Advisor, LLC and
Steadfast Income REIT Operating Partnership, L.P., respectively.
With respect to documents executed prior to the name change, the
following Exhibit List refers to the entity names used
prior to the name changes in order to accurately reflect the
names of the entities that appear on such documents.
|
|
|
|
|
Exhibit
|
|
|
Number
|
|
Description
|
|
|
1
|
.1
|
|
Dealer Manager Agreement (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 1.1 to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 4 to the
Registrants Registration Statement on Form S-11,
filed May 6, 2010, Commission File No. 333-160748
(Pre-Effective Amendment No. 4))
|
|
1
|
.2
|
|
Participating Dealer Agreement (included as Exhibit A to Exhibit
1.1)
|
|
3
|
.1
|
|
Second Articles of Amendment and Restatement of Steadfast Income
REIT, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to
Pre-Effective Amendment No. 4)
|
|
3
|
.2
|
|
Bylaws of Steadfast Secure Income REIT, Inc. (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrants
Registration Statement on Form S-11, filed July 23,
2009, Commission File No. 333-160748)
|
|
4
|
.1
|
|
Form of Subscription Agreement (included in the Prospectus as
Appendix B)
|
|
4
|
.2
|
|
Form of Distribution Reinvestment Plan (included in the
Prospectus as Appendix C)
|
|
5
|
.1
|
|
Opinion of Venable LLP as to the legality of the securities
being registered (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 5.1
to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 4)
|
|
8
|
.1
|
|
Opinion of Alston & Bird LLP regarding certain federal
income tax considerations (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 8.1 to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 4)
|
|
10
|
.1
|
|
Amended and Restated Advisory Agreement (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Pre-Effective Amendment
No. 4)
|
|
10
|
.2
|
|
Limited Partnership Agreement of Steadfast Secure Income REIT
Operating Partnership, L.P. (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.3 to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the
Registrants Registration Statement on Form S-11,
filed October 15, 2009, Commission File No. 333-160748
(Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1))
|
|
10
|
.3
|
|
Steadfast Secure Income REIT, Inc. 2009 Long-Term Incentive Plan
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to Pre-Effective
Amendment No. 1)
|
|
10
|
.4
|
|
Steadfast Secure Income REIT, Inc. Independent Directors
Compensation Plan (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.5 to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1)
|
|
10
|
.5
|
|
Amendment to the Steadfast Secure Income REIT, Inc. Independent
Directors Compensation Plan (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.5 to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 4)
|
|
10
|
.6
|
|
Form of Restricted Stock Award Certificate (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.6 to Pre-Effective Amendment
No. 4)
|
|
10
|
.7
|
|
Purchase Agreement, dated as of March 25, 2010, by and
between Chicago Title Land Trust Company, as Trustee under Trust
Number 51-0615-0 dated August 15, 1967, an Illinois Land
Trust by Towne Realty, Inc. d/b/a Lincoln Tower, Inc. as
authorized beneficiary and Steadfast Asset Holdings, Inc.
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to
Post-Effective Amendment No. 1, filed November 12,
2010, Commission File No. 333-160748 (Post-Effective
Amendment No. 1))
|
|
10
|
.8
|
|
First Amendment to Purchase Agreement, dated as of May 14,
2010, by and between Chicago Title Land Trust Company, as
Trustee under Trust Number 51-0615-0 dated August 15, 1967,
an Illinois Land Trust by Towne Realty, Inc. d/b/a Lincoln
Tower, Inc. as authorized beneficiary and Steadfast Asset
Holdings, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8
to Post-Effective Amendment No. 1)
|
|
10
|
.9
|
|
Assignment and Assumption of Purchase Agreement, dated as of
August 10, 2010, by and between Steadfast Asset Holdings,
Inc. and SIR Lincoln Tower, LLC. (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.9 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 1)
|
|
10
|
.10
|
|
Purchase Money Note, dated August 11, 2010, issued by SIR
Lincoln Tower, LLC in favor of Towne Realty, Inc. d/b/a Lincoln
Tower, Inc. (including attached Acknowledgment and Agreement of
Key Principal to Personal Liability For Exceptions to
Non-Recourse
Liability by Steadfast Income REIT, Inc.) (incorporated by
reference to Exhibit 10.10 to Post-Effective Amendment
No. 1)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exhibit
|
|
|
Number
|
|
Description
|
|
|
10
|
.11
|
|
Purchase Money Mortgage, Assignment of Rents, Leases and
Security Agreement, dated as of August 11, 2010, by and
between SIR Lincoln Tower, LLC and Towne Realty, Inc. d/b/a
Lincoln Tower, Inc. (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.11 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 1)
|
|
10
|
.12
|
|
Property Management Agreement, entered into as of
August 11, 2010, by and between SIR Lincoln Tower, LLC and
Steadfast Management Co., Inc. (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.12 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 1)
|
|
21
|
|
|
Subsidiaries of the Company
|
|
23
|
.1
|
|
Consent of Ernst & Young LLP
|
|
23
|
.2
|
|
Consent of Venable LLP (contained in its opinion filed as
Exhibit 5.1)
|
|
23
|
.4
|
|
Consent of Alston & Bird LLP (contained in its opinion
filed as Exhibit 8.1)
|
|
23
|
.5
|
|
Consent of Lakemont Group (incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 23.5 to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 5 to the
Registrants Registration Statement on Form S-11,
filed June 17, 2010, Commission File No. 333-160748)
|
|
24
|
**
|
|
Power of Attorney (included on signature page)
|
EX-21
2
g24875a2exv21.htm
EX-21
exv21
Exhibit 21
Subsidiaries
|
|
|
Steadfast Income REIT Operating Partnership, L.P. (Delaware)
|
|
|
SIR Lincoln Tower, LLC (Illinois)
|
|
|
EX-23.1
3
g24875a2exv23w1.htm
EX-23.1
exv23w1
Exhibit 23.1
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
We consent to the reference to our firm under the caption Experts and to the use of (i) our
report dated February 3, 2010 with respect to the consolidated balance sheet of Steadfast Income
REIT, Inc. (formerly Steadfast Secure Income REIT, Inc.) as of December 31, 2009 and (ii) our
report dated October 15, 2010 with respect to the statement of revenues over certain operating
expenses of the Lincoln Tower Property for the fiscal year ended
February 28, 2010, all included in Pre-Effective Amendment
No. 1 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement (Form S-11 No. 333-160748) and related
Prospectus of Steadfast Income REIT, Inc. for the registration of $1,650,000,000 in shares of its
common stock.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Irvine, California
December 9, 2010
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