Property

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Property, Plant and Equipment, Net [Abstract]

Property

Property

	Estimated Useful Lives in Years	December 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
Land		$	1,301	$	1,339
Buildings and improvements	5-40	10,542		9,671
Machinery and equipment	3-27	31,444		30,013
Special tools	1-13	23,719		20,851
Construction in progress		5,395		3,581
Total property		72,401		65,455
Less: accumulated depreciation		(31,286)		(27,823)
Total property, net		$	41,115	$	37,632

The amount of capitalized software included in Property, net was $1.4 billion and $1.3 billion at December 31, 2021 and 2020. The amount of interest capitalized and excluded from Automotive interest expense related to Property, net was insignificant in the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019.

	Years Ended December 31,
	2021		2020		2019
Depreciation and amortization expense	$	5,829	$	5,354	$	6,541
Impairment charges	$	—	$	86	$	7
Capitalized software amortization expense(a)	$	515	$	457	$	452

__________

(a)    Included in depreciation and amortization expense.