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Related Party Transactions
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2021
Related Party Transactions [Abstract]  
Related Party Transactions Related Party Transactions
The Company and its affiliated entities are the managing member, general partner and/or investment manager to the Company's investment funds and certain managed accounts. Management fees and incentive income are primarily earned from affiliated entities. As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, $32.2 million and $28.4 million, respectively, included in fees receivable, are earned from related parties. The Company may, at its discretion, reimburse certain fees charged to the investment funds that it manages to avoid duplication of fees when such funds have an underlying investment in another affiliated investment fund. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, the amounts which the Company reimbursed the investment funds it manages were immaterial. Fees receivable and fees payable are recorded at carrying value, which approximates fair value.
The Company may also make loans to employees or other affiliates, excluding executive officers of the Company. These loans are interest bearing and settle pursuant to the agreed-upon terms with such employees or affiliates, and are included in due from related parties in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, loans to employees of $9.0 million and $9.5 million, respectively, were included in due from related parties on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. Of these amounts $4.9 million and $4.6 million, respectively, are related to forgivable loans. These forgivable loans provide for a cash payment up-front to employees, with the amount due back to the Company forgiven over a vesting period.  An employee that voluntarily ceases employment, or is terminated with cause, is generally required to pay back to the Company any unvested forgivable loans granted to them.  The forgivable loans are recorded as an asset to the Company on the date of grant and payment, and then amortized to compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period.  The vesting period on forgivable loans is generally one to three years. The Company recorded compensation expense of $1.5 million and $0.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 and $4.3 million and $2.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. This expense is included in employee compensation and benefits in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, the interest income was insignificant. For the three months ended September 30, 2020, the interest income was immaterial, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the interest income was $0.1 million for these related party loans and advances, and are included in interest and dividends in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.
As of December 31, 2020, included in due from related parties is $3.6 million, related to the sales of portions of the Company's ownership interest in the activist business of Starboard Value to the Starboard principals. It is being financed through the profits of the relevant Starboard entities over a five-year period and earns interest at 5.0% per annum. As of September 30, 2021, the balance had been repaid in full. The interest income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 was insignificant. The interest income for the three months ended September 30, 2020 was $0.1 million and for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was $0.2 million.
The remaining balance included in due from related parties of $21.4 million and $7.9 million as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, relates to amounts due to the Company from affiliated investment funds and real estate entities due to expenses paid on their behalf. Included in due to related parties is approximately $0.2 million and $0.2 million as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, related to a subordination agreement with an investor in certain real estate funds. This total is based on a hypothetical liquidation of the real estate funds as of the balance sheet date.
Employees and certain other related parties invest on a discretionary basis within consolidated entities. These investments generally are subject to preferential management fee and performance fee arrangements. As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, such investments aggregated $53.7 million and $84.3 million, respectively, were included in non-controlling interests on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. Their share of the net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated subsidiaries and investment funds aggregated $(3.9) million and $6.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 and $18.8 million and $10.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
The Company may, at times, have unfunded commitment amounts pertaining to related parties. See Note 18 for amounts committed as of September 30, 2021.