UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934. | |
For the quarterly period ended | |
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Commission file number:
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incorporation or organization) | Identification No.) |
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(
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Not Applicable
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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act
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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
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Emerging growth company |
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The number of outstanding shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share, as of November 4, 2022 was
CLOVIS ONCOLOGY, INC.
FORM 10-Q
TABLE OF CONTENTS
2
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
CLOVIS ONCOLOGY, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss
(Unaudited)
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
` | Three months ended September 30, | Nine months ended September 30, |
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Total expenses |
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Operating loss |
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Other income (expense): |
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Interest expense |
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Foreign currency loss |
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Other income |
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Other income (expense), net |
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Loss before income taxes |
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Net loss |
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Other comprehensive income (loss): |
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Comprehensive loss | $ | ( |
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Basic and diluted net loss per common share |
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See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.
3
CLOVIS ONCOLOGY, INC.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In thousands, except for share amounts)
September 30, | |||||||
2022 | December 31, | ||||||
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ASSETS |
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Current assets: |
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Cash and cash equivalents | $ | |
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Prepaid research and development expenses |
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Other current assets |
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Total current assets |
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Property and equipment, net |
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Intangible assets, net |
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Goodwill |
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Other assets |
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Total assets | $ | |
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Current liabilities: |
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Accounts payable | $ | |
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Accrued research and development expenses |
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Convertible senior notes | | — | |||||
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Other accrued expenses |
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Total current liabilities |
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Total liabilities |
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Commitments and contingencies (Note 14) |
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Stockholders' equity: |
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Preferred stock, par value $ |
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Accumulated other comprehensive loss |
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Accumulated deficit |
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Total stockholders' deficit |
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Total liabilities and stockholders' deficit | $ | |
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See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.
4
CLOVIS ONCOLOGY, INC.
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit
(Unaudited)
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Common Stock | Paid-In | Comprehensive | Accumulated | ||||||||||||||
Shares | Amount | Capital | Income (Loss) | Deficit | Total | ||||||||||||
(in thousands, except for share amounts) | |||||||||||||||||
January 1, 2022 |
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Issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs | | | | — | — | | |||||||||||
Issuance of common stock from vesting of restricted stock units | | | ( | — | — | — | |||||||||||
Share-based compensation expense |
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Foreign currency translation adjustments |
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Net loss |
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March 31, 2022 |
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Issuance of common stock from vesting of restricted stock units | | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan | | — | | — | — | | |||||||||||
Share-based compensation expense |
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Foreign currency translation adjustments |
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Other financing costs | — | — | ( | — | — | ( | |||||||||||
Net loss |
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June 30, 2022 |
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Issuance of common stock from vesting of restricted stock units | | | — | — | — | | |||||||||||
Share-based compensation expense |
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Foreign currency translation adjustments |
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Net loss |
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September 30, 2022 |
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January 1, 2021 |
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Exercise of stock options |
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Issuance of common stock from vesting of restricted stock units | | | ( | — | — | — | |||||||||||
Share-based compensation expense |
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Foreign currency translation adjustments |
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Net loss |
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March 31, 2021 |
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Exercise of stock options |
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Issuance of common stock from vesting of restricted stock units | | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||
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Foreign currency translation adjustments |
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Issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs | | | | — | — | | |||||||||||
Net loss |
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June 30, 2021 |
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Issuance of common stock from vesting of restricted stock units | | | — | — | — | | |||||||||||
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Issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs | | | | — | — | | |||||||||||
Net loss |
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September 30, 2021 |
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See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements
6
CLOVIS ONCOLOGY, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
(In thousands)
Nine months ended September 30, | |||||||
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Operating activities |
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Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: |
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Amortization of debt issuance costs |
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Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |
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Prepaid and accrued research and development expenses |
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Net cash used in operating activities |
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Proceeds from the exercise of stock options and employee stock purchases |
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Net cash provided by financing activities |
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Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents |
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Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |
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Vesting of restricted stock units |
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7
CLOVIS ONCOLOGY, INC.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. Nature of Business
Clovis Oncology, Inc. (together with its consolidated subsidiaries, the “Company,” “Clovis,” “we,” “our,” “us”) is a biopharmaceutical company focused on acquiring, developing and commercializing innovative anti-cancer agents in the United States, Europe and additional international markets. We target our development programs for the treatment of specific subsets of cancer populations, and simultaneously develop, with partners, for those indications that require them, diagnostic tools intended to direct a compound in development to the population that is most likely to benefit from its use. We have in-licensed or acquired rights to oncology compounds in all stages of development. In exchange for the right to develop and commercialize these compounds, we have provided the licensor with a combination of upfront payments, milestone payments and royalties on future sales. In addition, we have assumed the responsibility for future drug development and commercialization costs. We currently operate in
Our marketed product Rubraca® (rucaparib), an oral small molecule inhibitor of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (“PARP”), is marketed in the United States for an indication specific to recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer and also an indication specific to metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (“mCRPC”). Rubraca received an approval from the United States Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) in April 2018 for the maintenance treatment of adult patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who are in a complete or partial response to platinum-based chemotherapy. Diagnostic testing is not required for patients to be prescribed Rubraca in this maintenance treatment indication. In June 2022, we voluntarily withdrew the initial indication for Rubraca covering the treatment of adult patients with deleterious BRCA (human genes associated with the repair of damaged DNA) mutation (germline and/or somatic)-associated epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who have been treated with
In May 2020, the FDA approved Rubraca for the treatment of adult patients with mCRPC associated with a deleterious BRCA mutation (germline and/or somatic) who have been treated previously with androgen receptor-directed therapy and a taxane-based chemotherapy and selected for therapy based on an FDA-approved companion diagnostic for Rubraca. The FDA approved this indication under accelerated approval based on objective response rate and duration of response data from the TRITON2 clinical trial. As an accelerated approval, continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in confirmatory trials. The TRITON3 clinical trial is expected to serve as the confirmatory study for Rubraca’s approval in mCRPC and could serve as the basis for a potential second-line label expansion. We released the initial data readout from TRITON3 early in October 2022.
In Europe, the European Commission granted a conditional marketing authorization in May 2018 for Rubraca as monotherapy treatment of adult patients with platinum-sensitive, relapsed or progressive, BRCA mutated (germline and/or somatic), high-grade epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer, who have been treated with
8
Beyond our labeled indications, we continue to evaluate Rubraca in the ATHENA Phase 3 study under a clinical collaboration with Bristol Myers Squibb Company (“Bristol Myers Squibb”) to evaluate its immunotherapy OPDIVO® (nivolumab) in combination with Rubraca in front-line ovarian cancer maintenance treatment.
On March 31, 2022, we announced positive top-line data from the monotherapy portion of the ATHENA (GOG 3020/ENGOT-ov45) trial (ATHENA-MONO) demonstrating that Rubraca as maintenance treatment successfully achieved the primary endpoint of significantly improved investigator-assessed progression-free survival (“PFS”) compared with placebo. Benefit was observed in both primary efficacy analyses of newly-diagnosed patients with advanced ovarian cancer following successful treatment with platinum-based chemotherapy: those who had homologous recombination deficiency (HRD-positive), including deleterious BRCA mutations, as well as all patients randomized in the trial (overall intent-to-treat population (“ITT”)). Benefit in PFS was also seen in the exploratory subgroups of patients with BRCA mutant (BRCAm) tumors, BRCA wild type HRD-negative and BRCA wild type HRD-positive and in patients with unknown biomarker status. The safety of Rubraca observed in the ATHENA-MONO study was consistent with both the US and European labels. The portion of the ATHENA trial evaluating the combination of OPDIVO and Rubraca (ATHENA-COMBO) is ongoing.
Based on the results of ATHENA-MONO, we submitted a supplemental New Drug Application (“sNDA”) to the FDA and a Type II variation to the European Medicines Agency (“EMA”) for a first-line maintenance treatment indication for women with advanced ovarian cancer who have responded to first-line platinum-based chemotherapy in August 2022. In early May 2022, the FDA recommended that we should not submit the first line maintenance sNDA until overall survival (“OS”) data from the ATHENA-MONO trial are as much as 50% mature, and if we do choose to submit prior to that, we should expect the FDA to require a discussion at an Oncologic Drugs Advisory Committee (“ODAC”) meeting in connection with its review of such sNDA submission. In addition, the FDA will consider OS data from other rucaparib clinical trials when it reviews the ATHENA-MONO dataset. On November 4, 2022, we received from the FDA the Day-
The timing for the Phase 3 data readouts from the ATHENA-COMBO trial is contingent upon the occurrence of the protocol-specified PFS events, currently estimated to occur in the fourth quarter of 2023.
We hold worldwide rights to Rubraca.
FAP-2286 is our initial product candidate to emerge from our targeted radionuclide collaboration with 3B Pharmaceuticals GmbH (“3BP”). FAP-2286 is a peptide-targeted radionuclide therapy (“PTRT”) and imaging agent targeting fibroblast activation protein (“FAP”). PTRT uses cancer cell-targeting peptides to deliver radiation-emitting radionuclides specifically to tumors. Following the clearance by the FDA of
We presented Phase 1 clinical data from LuMIERE in an oral presentation at the Society of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging (“SNMMI”) 2022 Annual Meeting in June. In October 2022, we presented updated Phase 1 clinical data from LuMIERE at the 35th Annual European Association of Nuclear Medicine (“EANM”) Congress. In addition to
9
investigating for therapeutic use FAP-2286 labeled with the beta particle-emitting lutetium-177, we are also exploring FAP-2286 labeled with the alpha particle-emitting actinium-225 (Ac-225).
We hold US and global rights to FAP-2286, excluding Europe (defined to include Russia, Turkey, and Israel), where 3BP retains rights. We are also collaborating with 3BP on a discovery program directed to up to
Lucitanib, another of our small molecule product candidates, is an investigational, oral, potent angiogenesis inhibitor which inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1 through 3 (“VEGFR1-3”), platelet-derived growth factor receptors alpha and beta (“PDGFR α/β”) and fibroblast growth factor receptors 1 through 3 (“FGFR1-3”). Lucitanib inhibits the same
We hold the global (excluding China) development and commercialization rights for lucitanib.
Going Concern and Management Plans
We require significant cash resources to execute our business plans. Based on our current cash and cash equivalents, together with current estimates for revenues to be generated by sales of Rubraca, we will not have sufficient liquidity to maintain our operations beyond January 2023. Given the recent regulatory developments that may have significant impact on current revenues and the commercial potential of Rubraca and the continuing challenges we face in raising additional capital, including as a result of the uncertain market potential of Rubraca, a potential bankruptcy filing in the very near term looks increasingly probable as a way to preserve the value of our business and assets for the benefit of our stakeholders, as further described below, though we continue to evaluate our strategic options and continue to discuss in and out of bankruptcy financing options with our creditors and other parties.
We have incurred significant net losses since inception and have relied, almost entirely, on debt and equity financings to fund our operations. We expect operating losses and negative cash flows to continue for the foreseeable future even with Rubraca generating revenues. Rubraca revenues have not been consistent in prior quarters and have been trending downward during the past
Moreover, over the past few months, a new focus by the FDA and the EMA on mature OS data for drugs previously approved based on achieving PFS as a primary endpoint has led to withdrawals of certain later line indications in ovarian cancer for Rubraca and each of the other PARP inhibitors on the market with a later line treatment indication in ovarian cancer. In addition, FDA had scheduled an ODAC meeting in November 2022 to review another PARP-inhibitor, Zejula (niraparib) (GlaxoSmithKline (“GSK”)), to seek advice on whether its second-line maintenance indication in ovarian cancer should be withdrawn from the labeling on the basis of the final OS data from the trial that supported approval for Zejula in that indication. In late October 2022, the FDA cancelled that ODAC meeting, indicating that it was no longer necessary. While neither the FDA nor GSK have publicly stated the reason for cancelation of the meeting, if the outcome of discussions between the FDA and GSK is a withdrawal or narrowing of that indication, we cannot assure you that the FDA would not seek to similarly limit our second line maintenance indication in ovarian cancer. As a substantial portion of our Rubraca revenue is attributable to that indication, we would expect that a limiting of our second line maintenance indication could result in a significant impact on our revenue, although the timing and magnitude of such impact is not currently ascertainable. This focus by the FDA on OS data has created uncertainty with respect to the timing, likelihood and scope of an approval for the sNDA we filed with the FDA, and may result in uncertainty with respect to the Type II variation we filed with the EMA, for first-line maintenance treatment indication
10
in ovarian cancer, which we had been planning on to finally level the competitive landscape with our
This new regulatory framework has created an uncertain commercial landscape for Rubraca (and to a certain extent, other PARP inhibitors) and has impacted the perceived market opportunity and revenue potential for Rubraca (and to a certain extent, other PARP inhibitors).
We require significant cash resources to execute our business plans, and our revenues are a significant portion of those cash resources. Based on our current cash and cash equivalents, together with current estimates for revenues to be generated by sales of Rubraca, we must raise additional capital in the near term in order to fund our operating plan and to continue as a going concern beyond January 2023.
It appears increasingly unlikely that additional funding will be available on acceptable terms or at all outside of a Chapter 11 bankruptcy process. Our ability to raise capital is severely limited. We have not been able to access the equity capital markets that we have traditionally relied on in sufficient amount to fund our operating plan given our low stock price over the past
In light of our inability to raise sufficient capital through equity offerings (or offerings of securities convertible into equity securities), we are considering other sources of funding, potentially through incurring further indebtedness or entering into strategic partnerships or licensing arrangements for
During the past quarter, we have also continued to aggressively manage our expenses. We implemented a workforce reduction in the US on November 7, 2022 consisting of
During the quarter, we also engaged in further discussions and negotiations with certain of our existing creditors, lenders and vendors to defer certain of our obligations and/or to loan us additional funds to bridge our cash requirements until we can reach definitive agreements on our partnering and sale of assets transactions and potentially to a further point until we have greater clarity from the FDA and EMA on the potential to receive approval for first-line maintenance treatment for Rubraca in the second quarter of 2023. However, we have not been able to reach agreement on such additional financing on terms that we view as reasonable and preserves the value of our assets and business for the benefit of all our relevant stakeholders. We did however elect to not make the interest payment in the amount of $
11
strategic alternatives. Separately, we are in discussions with Pfizer, Inc. to defer certain royalty payments due under our in-license agreement in respect of sales of Rubraca during the quarter ended September 30, 2022 in the amount of $
The aforementioned factors, which are largely outside of our control, raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern in the near term, and certainly within
Basis of Presentation
All financial information presented includes the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
The unaudited financial statements of Clovis Oncology, Inc. included herein reflect all adjustments that, in the opinion of management, are necessary to fairly state our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented herein. Interim results may not be indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in audited financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“US GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the US Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto which are included in our 2021 Form 10-K for a broader discussion of our business and the opportunities and risks inherent in such business.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, expenses and revenue and related disclosures. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including estimates related to revenue deductions, intangible asset impairment, clinical trial accruals and share-based compensation expense. We base our estimates on historical experience and other market-specific or other relevant assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from those estimates or assumptions.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
In August 2020, the FASB issued guidance that simplifies an issuer’s accounting for debt and equity instruments. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early application is permitted. We adopted this guidance on January 1, 2022, and there was no material impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
Revenue Recognition
We are currently approved to sell Rubraca in the United States and European markets. We distribute our product principally through a limited number of specialty distributor and specialty pharmacy providers, collectively, our customers. Our customers subsequently sell our products to patients and health care providers. Separately, we have
12
arrangements with certain payors and other third parties that provide for government-mandated and privately-negotiated rebates, chargebacks and discounts.
Product Revenue
Revenue from product sales are recognized when the performance obligation is satisfied, which is when customers obtain control of our product at a point in time, typically upon delivery. We expense incremental costs of obtaining a contract as and when incurred if the expected amortization period of the asset that we would have recognized is
Reserves for Variable Consideration
Revenues from product sales are recorded at the net sales price (“transaction price”), which includes estimates of variable consideration for which reserves are established and which result from price concessions that include rebates, chargebacks, discounts, co-pay assistance, estimated product returns and other allowances that are offered within contracts between us and our customers, health care providers, payors and other indirect customers relating to the sales of our product. These reserves are based on the amounts earned or to be claimed on the related sales and are classified as reductions of accounts receivable or a current liability. Where appropriate, these estimates take into consideration a range of possible outcomes which are probability-weighted for relevant factors such as our historical experience, current contractual and statutory requirements, specific known market events and trends, industry data and forecasted customer buying and payment patterns. Overall, these reserves reflect our best estimates of the amount of consideration to which we are entitled based on the terms of the contract. The amount of variable consideration which is included in the transaction price may be constrained and is included in the net sales price only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of the cumulative revenue recognized will not occur in a future period. Actual amounts of consideration ultimately received may differ from our estimates. If actual results in the future vary from our estimates, we adjust these estimates, which would affect product revenue and earnings in the period such variances become known.
Government Rebates. Rebates include mandated discounts under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program, the Medicare coverage gap program, the Tricare health program and various European National Health Service, Sick Fund and Clawback programs. Rebates are amounts owed after the final dispensing of products to a benefit plan participant and are based upon contractual agreements or legal requirements with the public-sector benefit providers. These reserves are recorded in the same period the related revenue is recognized, resulting in a reduction of product revenue and the establishment of a current liability which is included in accrued expenses on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Our rebate estimates are based upon a range of possible outcomes that are probability-weighted for the estimated payor mix. The accrual for rebates is based on the expected utilization from historical data we have accumulated since the Rubraca product launch.
GPO and Payor Rebates. We contract with various private payor organizations and group purchasing organizations (“GPO”), primarily insurance companies, pharmacy benefit managers and hospitals, for the payment of rebates with respect to utilization of our products. We estimate these rebates and record such estimates in the same period the related revenue is recognized, resulting in a reduction of product revenue and the establishment of a current liability.
Chargebacks. Chargebacks are discounts that occur when contracted customers, which currently consist primarily of GPOs, Public Health Service (“PHS”) organizations and federal government entities purchasing via the Federal Supply Schedule, purchase directly from our specialty distributors at a discounted price. The specialty distributor, in turn, charges back the difference between the price initially paid by the specialty distributor and the discounted price paid to the specialty distributor by the healthcare provider. These reserves are established in the same period that the related revenue is recognized, resulting in a reduction of product revenue and accounts receivable. The accrual for specialty distributor chargebacks is estimated based on known chargeback rates and known sales to specialty distributors adjusted for the estimated utilization by healthcare providers.
Discounts and Fees. Our payment terms generally range from
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Co-pay assistance. Patients who have commercial insurance and meet certain eligibility requirements may receive co-pay assistance. The intent of this program is to reduce the patient’s out of pocket costs. Liabilities for co-pay assistance are based on actual program participation provided by third-party administrators at month end.
Returns. Consistent with industry practice, we generally offer customers a right of return limited only to product that is considered short dated or product that is six months beyond the expiration date. To date, we have had minimal product returns and we currently do not have an accrual for product returns. We will continue to assess our estimate for product returns based on additional historical experience.
Cost of Sales – Product
Product cost of sales consists primarily of materials, third-party manufacturing costs as well as freight and royalties owed to our licensing partners for Rubraca sales.
Cost of Sales – Intangible Asset Amortization
Cost of sales for intangible asset amortization consists of the amortization of capitalized milestone payments made to our licensing partners upon FDA approval of Rubraca. Milestone payments are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated remaining patent life of Rubraca.
Accounts Receivable
We provide an allowance for credit losses based on experience and specifically identified risks. Accounts receivable is charged off against the allowance when we determine that recovery is unlikely, and we cease collection efforts.
Inventory
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or estimated net realizable value, on a first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) basis. Inventories include active pharmaceutical ingredient (“API”), contract manufacturing costs and overhead allocations. We begin capitalizing incurred inventory related costs upon regulatory approval. Prior to regulatory approval, incurred costs for the manufacture of the drugs that could potentially be available to support the commercial launch of our products are recognized as research and development expense.
We regularly analyze our inventory levels for excess quantities and obsolescence (expiration), considering factors such as historical and anticipated future sales compared to quantities on hand and the remaining shelf-life of Rubraca. Rubraca finished goods have a shelf-life of
We write down inventory that has become obsolete, inventory that has a cost basis in excess of its estimated realizable value and/or inventory in excess of expected sales requirements. Expired inventory would be disposed of, and the related costs would be written off as an operating expense. Inventories that are not expected to be consumed within 12 months following the balance sheet date are classified as long-term inventories. Long-term inventories primarily consist of API.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, we recognized $
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API is currently produced by Lonza. As the API has undergone significant manufacturing specific to its intended purpose at the point it is purchased by us, we classify the API as work-in-process inventory. In addition, we currently manufacture Rubraca finished goods with a single third-party manufacturer. The disruption or termination of the supply of API or the disruption or termination of the manufacturing of our commercial products could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, and results of operations. API that is written off due to damage and certain costs related to our production train at Lonza are included in Other Operating Expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.
Inventory used in clinical trials is expensed as research and development expense when it has been identified for such use.
Segment Information
We have
We manage our assets on a company basis, not by segments, as many of our assets are shared or commingled. Our CODM does not regularly review asset information by reportable segment. The majority of long-lived assets for both segments are located in the United States.
Research and Development Expense
Research and development costs are charged to expense as incurred and include, but are not limited to, salary and benefits, share-based compensation, clinical trial activities, drug development and manufacturing, companion diagnostic development and third-party service fees, including contract research organizations and investigative sites.
Costs for certain development activities, such as clinical trials, are recognized based on an evaluation of the progress to completion of specific tasks using data such as patient enrollment, clinical site activations or information provided to us by our vendors on their actual costs incurred. Payments for these activities are based on the terms of the individual arrangements, which may differ from the pattern of costs incurred and are reflected on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as prepaid or accrued research and development expenses.
Our other significant accounting policies are described in Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in our 2021 Form 10-K.
3. Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements
Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (at exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value include:
Level 1: | Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Our Level 1 assets consist of money market investments. We do not have Level 1 liabilities. |
Level 2: | Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. We do not have Level 2 assets or liabilities. |
Level 3: | Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity. We do not have Level 3 assets or liabilities. |
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The following table identifies our assets and liabilities that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):
|
| Balance |
| Level 1 |
| Level 2 |
| Level 3 |
| ||||
September 30, 2022 |
| ||||||||||||
Assets: |
| ||||||||||||
Money market investments |
| $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | ||||
Total assets at fair value |
| $ | | $ | | $ | — | $ | | ||||
December 31, 2021 |
| ||||||||||||
Assets: |
| ||||||||||||
Money market investments |
| $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | ||||
Total assets at fair value |
| $ | | $ | | $ | — | $ | |
There were
Financial instruments not recorded at fair value include our convertible senior notes. At September 30, 2022, the carrying amount of the 2024 Notes (2019 Issuance) was $
4. Inventories
The following table presents inventories as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (in thousands):
September 30, | December 31, | |||||
| 2022 |
| 2021 | |||
Work-in-process |
| $ | |
| $ | |
Finished goods, net |
| |
| | ||
Allowance for excess inventory | ( | ( | ||||
Total inventories |
| $ | |
| $ | |
5. Other Current Assets
Other current assets were comprised of the following (in thousands):
September 30, | December 31, | ||||||
|
| 2022 |
| 2021 |
| ||
Prepaid insurance |
| $ | | $ | | ||
Prepaid IT | | | |||||
Prepaid variable considerations | | | |||||
Prepaid expenses - other |
|
| |
| | ||
Value-added tax ("VAT") receivable | | | |||||
Receivable - other |
|
| |
| | ||
Other |
|
| |
| | ||
Total |
| $ | | $ | |
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6. Intangible Assets and Goodwill
Intangible assets related to capitalized milestones under license agreements consisted of the following (in thousands):
September 30, | December 31, | |||||
2022 |
| 2021 | ||||
Intangible asset - milestones | $ | | $ | | ||
Accumulated amortization |
| ( |
| ( | ||
Total intangible asset, net | $ | | $ | |
The estimated useful lives of these intangible assets are based on the estimated remaining patent life of Rubraca and extend through 2031 in Europe and 2035 in the US.
We recorded amortization expense of $
Estimated future amortization expense associated with intangibles is expected to be as follows (in thousands):
2022 (remaining three months) | $ | | ||||
2023 | | |||||
2024 | | |||||
2025 | | |||||
2026 | | |||||
Thereafter | | |||||
$ | |
The financial statements are not prepared on a liquidation basis. If we are not able to raise additional capital in the near term and we file bankruptcy, it is likely that the fair value of the enterprise will decrease, which could result in the impairment of recorded long-term asset values, including goodwill.
7. Other Accrued Expenses
Other accrued expenses were comprised of the following (in thousands):
September 30, | December 31, | ||||||
| 2022 |
| 2021 |
| |||
Accrued personnel costs | $ | | $ | | |||
Accrued interest payable for convertible senior notes |
| |
| | |||
Income tax payable | | | |||||
Accrued corporate legal fees and professional services | | | |||||
Accrued royalties | | | |||||
Accrued variable considerations | | | |||||
Accrued legal settlement loss | — | | |||||
Accrued expenses - other |
| |
| | |||
Total | $ | | $ | |
8. Leases
At the inception of an arrangement, we determine whether the arrangement is or contains a lease based on the unique facts and circumstances. Leases with a term greater than one year are recognized on the balance sheet as right-of-use assets, lease liabilities and, if applicable, long-term lease liabilities. We elected not to recognize on the balance sheet
17
leases with terms of one year or less. Lease liabilities and their corresponding right-of-use assets are recorded based on the present value of lease payments over the expected lease term. The interest rate implicit in lease contracts is typically not readily determinable. As such, we utilize the appropriate incremental borrowing rate, which is the rate incurred to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term at an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment. Certain adjustments to the right-of-use asset may be required for items such as initial direct costs paid or incentives received.
The components of a lease should be split into three categories: lease components (e.g., land, building, etc.), non-lease components (e.g., common area maintenance, maintenance, consumables, etc.) and non-components (e.g., property taxes, insurance, etc.). Then the fixed and in-substance fixed contract consideration (including any related to non-components) must be allocated based on fair values assigned to the lease components and non-lease components.
Our facilities operating leases have lease components, non-lease components and non-components, which we have separated because the non-lease components and non-components have variable lease payments and are excluded from the measurement of the lease liabilities. The lease component results in a right-of-use asset being recorded on the balance sheet and amortized as lease expense on a straight-line basis to the statements of operations.
We lease all of our office facilities in the US and Europe. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet; we recognize lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Most leases include one or more options to renew. The exercise of lease renewal options is at our sole discretion. Our lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.
Prior to June 30, 2021, we had a finance lease and operating lease for certain equipment at the production train at Lonza, our non-exclusive manufacturer of the Rubraca API. Pursuant to the terms of Amendment 2 discussed in Note 14, Commitments and Contingencies, we derecognized the lease components recognized under the original agreement with Lonza. This includes the operating lease liabilities and right-of-use (“ROU”) assets, finance lease liabilities and ROU assets and leasehold improvement assets and liability.
The components of lease expense and related cash flows were as follows (in thousands):
|
| Three months ended September 30, | Three months ended September 30, | |||
|
| 2022 |
| 2021 | ||
Lease cost |
| |||||
Finance lease cost: | ||||||
Amortization of right-of-use assets |
| $ | — | $ | — | |
Interest on lease liabilities |
|
| — |
| — | |
Operating lease cost |
|
| |
| | |
Short-term lease cost |
|
| |
| | |
Variable lease cost | | | ||||
Total lease cost |
| $ | | $ | | |
Operating cash flows from finance leases | $ | — | $ | — | ||
Operating cash flows from operating leases | $ | | $ | | ||
Financing cash flows from finance leases | $ | — | $ | — |
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|
| Nine months ended September 30, | Nine months ended September 30, | |||
|
| 2022 |
| 2021 | ||
Lease cost |
| |||||
Finance lease cost: | ||||||
Amortization of right-of-use assets |
| $ | — | $ | | |
Interest on lease liabilities |
|
| — |
| | |
Operating lease cost |
|
| |
| | |
Short-term lease cost |
|
| |
| | |
Variable lease cost | | | ||||
Total lease cost |
| $ | | $ | | |
Operating cash flows from finance leases | $ | — | $ | | ||
Operating cash flows from operating leases | $ | | $ | | ||
Financing cash flows from finance leases | $ | — | $ | |
The weighted-average remaining lease term and weighted-average discount rate were as follows:
|
| September 30, 2022 |
| September 30, 2021 | |||
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years) | |||||||
Operating leases |
| ||||||
Finance leases | N/A | N/A | |||||
Weighted-average discount rate |
| ||||||
Operating leases |
| ||||||
Finance leases | N/A | N/A |
Future minimum commitments due under these lease agreements as of September 30, 2022 are as follows (in thousands):
Operating Leases | |||||
2022 (remaining three months) |
|
| |
| |
2023 |
|
| |
| |
2024 |
|
| |
| |
2025 | | ||||
2026 | | ||||
Thereafter |
|
| |
| |
Present value adjustment | ( | ||||
| $ | |
9. Debt
The following is a summary of our convertible senior notes at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (principal amount in thousands):
Principal Amount | Principal Amount | Conversion rate per $1,000 | ||||||||||
September 30, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | Interest Rate | Maturity Date | principal amount (shares) | ||||||||
2024 Notes (2019 Issuance) |
| |
| |
| |||||||
2024 Notes (2020 Issuance) | | | ||||||||||
2025 Notes |
| |
| |
| |||||||
Total | | | ||||||||||
Unamortized debt issuance costs | ( | ( | ||||||||||
Convertible senior notes | $ | | $ | |
Our convertible senior notes are governed by the terms of their respective indentures between the Company, as issuer, and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee. Holders may convert all or any portion of the senior notes at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding the maturity date.
19
Upon conversion, the holders will receive shares of our common stock at an initial conversion rate as noted above. The conversion rate is subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain events described in the indentures.
If we undergo a fundamental change (which includes a delisting of our common stock from the Nasdaq Global Select Market), as defined in the indentures, prior to the maturity date of the senior notes, holders may require us to repurchase for cash all or any portion of the senior notes at a fundamental change repurchase price equal to
The senior notes rank senior in right of payment to any of our indebtedness that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to the senior notes; equal in right of payment to all of our liabilities that are not so subordinated; effectively junior in right of payment to any secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness; and structurally junior to all indebtedness and other liabilities (including trade payables) of our subsidiaries.
The debt issuance costs are presented as a deduction from the convertible senior notes on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and are amortized as interest expense over the expected life of the convertible senior notes using the effective interest method.
As discussed in Note 1, we elected to not make the interest payment in the amount of $
Maturities of our convertible notes consisted of the following as of September 30, 2022 (in thousands):
2022 (remaining three months) | $ | | |
2023 | — | ||
2024 | — | ||
2025 | — | ||
2026 | — | ||
Thereafter | — | ||
| |||
Less debt issuance costs | ( | ||
Less current portion | ( | ||
Long-term portion | $ | — |
Sixth Street Financing Agreement
On May 1, 2019, we entered into a financing agreement (the “Financing Agreement”) with certain affiliates of Sixth Street Partners, LLC (“SSP”) in which we borrowed from SSP $
20
As of October 31, 2022, we have borrowed $
● |
● |
● |
Quarterly payments are capped at $
In the event we have not made payments on or before December 30, 2025 equal to at least the Borrowed Amount, we are required to make a lump sum payment in an amount equal to such Borrowed Amount less the aggregate of all prior quarterly payments described above. All other payments are contingent on the performance of Rubraca. There is no final maturity date on the Financing Agreement.
Our obligations under the Financing Agreement are secured under a Pledge and Security agreement by a first priority security interest in all of our assets related to Rubraca, including intellectual property rights and a pledge of the equity of our wholly owned subsidiaries, Clovis Oncology UK Limited and Clovis Oncology Ireland Limited. In addition, the obligations are guaranteed by Clovis Oncology UK Limited and Clovis Oncology Ireland Limited, secured by a first priority security interest in all the assets of those subsidiaries.
Pursuant to the Financing Agreement, we have agreed to certain limitations on our operations, including limitations on making certain restricted junior payments, including payment of dividends, limitation on liens and certain limitations on the ability of our non-guarantor subsidiaries to own certain assets related to Rubraca and to incur indebtedness.
We may terminate the Financing Agreement at any time by paying the lenders an amount (the “Discharge Amount”) equal to the sum of (a) (A)
In the event of (i) a change of control of us, we must pay the Discharge Amount to the lenders and (ii) an event of default under the Financing Agreement (which includes, among other events, the filing of a bankruptcy, breaches or defaults under or terminations of our material in-license agreements related to Rubraca, and defaults under our other material indebtedness), the lenders have the right to declare the Discharge Amount to be immediately due and payable.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we used an effective interest rate of
A bankruptcy filing constitutes an event of default under the Financing Agreement. As described in Note 1 under “Going Concern and Management Plans”, a bankruptcy filing in the very near term looks increasingly probable, and therefore, we have classified all our obligations that become due and payable under the Financing Agreement as current
21
liabilities as of September 30, 2022, as reflected in the table below. However, this may not reflect the actual amount of our obligations or the amounts that lenders may ultimately receive in a bankruptcy scenario.
2022 (remaining three months) | $ | | |
2023 | — | ||
2024 | — | ||
2025 | — | ||
2026 | — | ||
Thereafter | — | ||
| |||
Less debt issuance costs | ( | ||
Less unrecognized interest | ( | ||
Less current portion | ( | ||
Long-term portion | $ | — |
The following table sets forth total interest expense recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):
Three months ended September 30, | Nine months ended September 30, | ||||||||||||
|
| 2022 |
| 2021 |
| 2022 |
| 2021 |
| ||||
Interest on convertible notes | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | |||||
Amortization of debt issuance costs |
| |
| |
| |
| | |||||
Interest on finance lease | — | — | — | | |||||||||
Interest on borrowings under financing agreement | | | | | |||||||||
Other interest | — | — | — | | |||||||||
Total interest expense | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | |
10. Stockholders’ Equity
Common Stock
The holders of common stock are entitled to
On May 17, 2021, we entered into a distribution agreement (the “Distribution Agreement”) with J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and BofA Securities, Inc., as agents (the “Agents”), pursuant to which we may offer and sell, from time to time, through the Agents, shares of our common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $
On August 16, 2021, we entered into a distribution agreement (the “August Distribution Agreement”) with the Agents, pursuant to which we may offer and sell, from time to time, through the Agents, shares of our common stock, having an aggregate offering price of up to $
22
brokers’ transactions, including directly on the Nasdaq Global Select Market or into any other existing trading market for the shares, or sales made to or through a market maker, in block transactions or by any other method permitted by law, including privately negotiated transactions. Sales may be made at market prices prevailing at the time of a sale or at prices related to prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices. During the period between August 17, 2021 and September 15, 2021, we sold an aggregate of
During the period between January 18, 2022 and March 3, 2022, we sold an aggregate of
We have used and intend to use the net proceeds of this offering for general corporate purposes, including funding of our development programs, sales and marketing expenses associated with Rubraca, repayment, repurchase or refinance of our debt obligations, payment of milestones pursuant to our license agreements, general and administrative expenses, acquisition or licensing of additional product candidates or businesses and working capital.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Accumulated other comprehensive loss consists of changes in foreign currency translation adjustments, which includes changes in a subsidiary’s functional currency, and unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities.
The changes in accumulated balances related to each component of other comprehensive income (loss) are summarized for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, as follows (in thousands):
| Foreign Currency | Unrealized | Total Accumulated |
| |||||||||||||||
| Translation Adjustments | Losses | Other Comprehensive Loss |
| |||||||||||||||
2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||
Balance at July 1, | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||
Other comprehensive income | | | — | — | | | |||||||||||||
Total before tax | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||
Tax effect |
| | |
| | |
| | | ||||||||||
Balance at September 30, | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( |
The changes in accumulated balances related to each component of other comprehensive income (loss) are summarized for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, as follows (in thousands):
| Foreign Currency | Unrealized | Total Accumulated |
| |||||||||||||||
| Translation Adjustments | Losses | Other Comprehensive Loss |
| |||||||||||||||
2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||
Balance at January 1, | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | |||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss) | | | — | — | | | |||||||||||||
Total before tax | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | ( | |||||||||||||
Tax effect |
| — | — |
| — | — |
| — | — | ||||||||||
Balance at September 30, | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( | $ | ( |
There were
11. Share-Based Compensation
Share-based compensation expense for all equity-based programs, including stock options, restricted stock units and the employee stock purchase plan, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was
23
recognized in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss as follows (in thousands):
Three months ended September 30, | Nine months ended September 30, |
| ||||||||||||
|
| 2022 |
| 2021 |
| 2022 |
| 2021 |
|
| ||||
Research and development |
| $ | | $ | |
| $ | | $ | |
| |||
Selling, general and administrative |
|
| |
| |
|
| |
| |
| |||
Total share-based compensation expense |
| $ | | $ | |
| $ | | $ | |
|
We did
Stock Options
The following table summarizes the activity relating to our options to purchase common stock for the nine months ended September 30, 2022:
|
|
|
| Weighted |
|
| |||||
Weighted | Average | Aggregate |
| ||||||||
Average | Remaining | Intrinsic |
| ||||||||
Number of | Exercise | Contractual | Value |
| |||||||
Options | Price | Term (Years) | (Thousands) |
| |||||||
Outstanding at December 31, 2021 |
| | $ | |
|
|
|
|
| ||
Granted |
| | |
|
|
|
|
| |||
Exercised |
| — | — |
|
|
|
|
| |||
Forfeited |
| ( | |
|
|
|
|
| |||
Outstanding at September 30, 2022 |
| | $ | |
| $ | |
| |||
Vested and expected to vest at September 30, 2022 |
| | $ | |
| $ | |
| |||
Vested and exercisable at September 30, 2022 |
| | $ | |
| $ | — |
|
The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the pretax intrinsic value, based on our closing stock price of $
The following table summarizes information about our stock options as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands, except per share amounts):
| Three months ended September 30, | Nine months ended September 30, | |||||||||||
|
| 2022 |
| 2021 |
| 2022 |
| 2021 |
| ||||
Weighted-average grant date fair value per share |
| $ | |
| $ | |
| $ | |
| $ | |
|
Intrinsic value of options exercised |
| $ | — |
| $ | — |
| $ | — |
| $ | |
|
Cash received from stock option exercises |
| $ | — |
| $ | — |
| $ | — |
| $ | |
|
As of September 30, 2022, the unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to unvested options, adjusted for expected forfeitures, was $
24
Restricted Stock
The following table summarizes the activity relating to our unvested restricted stock units (“RSUs”) for the nine months ended September 30, 2022:
Weighted |
| |||||
Average |
| |||||
Number of | Grant Date |
| ||||
Units | Fair Value |
| ||||
Unvested at December 31, 2021 |
| | $ | |
| |
Granted |
| |
| |
| |
Vested |
| ( |
| |
| |
Forfeited |
| ( |
| |
| |
Unvested at September 30, 2022 |
| | $ | |
| |
Expected to vest after September 30, 2022 |
| | $ | |
|
As of September 30, 2022, the unrecognized share-based compensation expense related to unvested RSUs, adjusted for expected forfeitures, was $
12. License Agreements
Rucaparib
In June 2011, we entered into a license agreement with Pfizer, Inc. (“Pfizer”) to obtain the exclusive global rights to develop and commercialize Rubraca. The exclusive rights are exclusive even as to Pfizer and include the right to grant sublicenses. Pursuant to the terms of the license agreement, we made a $
During 2016 through 2020, we paid Pfizer a total of $
We are obligated under the license agreement to use commercially reasonable efforts to develop and commercialize Rubraca and we are responsible for all ongoing development and commercialization costs for Rubraca. We are required to make regulatory milestone payments to Pfizer of up to an additional $
The license agreement with Pfizer will remain in effect until the expiration of all of our royalty and sublicense revenue obligations to Pfizer, determined on a product-by-product and country-by-country basis, unless we elect to terminate the license agreement earlier. If we fail to meet our obligations under the agreement and are unable to cure such failure within specified time periods, Pfizer can terminate the agreement, resulting in a loss of our rights to Rubraca and an obligation to assign or license to Pfizer any intellectual property rights or other rights we may have in Rubraca, including our regulatory filings, regulatory approvals, patents, and trademarks for Rubraca.
As discussed in Note 1, we are in discussions with Pfizer to defer certain royalty payments due under our license agreement in respect of sales of Rubraca during the quarter ended September 30, 2022 in the amount of $
In April 2012, we entered into a license agreement with AstraZeneca to acquire exclusive rights associated with Rubraca under a family of patents and patent applications that claim methods of treating patients with PARP inhibitors
25
in certain indications. The license enables the development and commercialization of Rubraca for the uses claimed by these patents. AstraZeneca also receives royalties on net sales of Rubraca.
FAP-2286 and the Radionuclide Therapy Development Program
In September 2019, we entered into a global license and collaboration agreement with 3BP to develop and commercialize a PTRT and imaging agent targeting FAP. The lead candidate, designated internally as FAP-2286, is being developed pursuant to a global development plan agreed to by the parties. We are responsible for the costs of all preclinical and clinical development activities described in the plan, including the costs for a limited number of 3BP full-time equivalents and external costs incurred during the preclinical development phase of the collaboration. Upon the signing of the license and collaboration agreement in September 2019, we made a $
Pursuant to the terms of the FAP agreement, we are required to make additional payments to 3BP for annual technology access fees and upon the achievement of certain development and regulatory milestone events (or on certain dates, whichever occur earlier). We are also obligated to pay 3BP single- to low-double-digit royalties on net sales of the FAP-targeted therapeutic product and imaging agent, based on the volume of annual net sales achieved. In addition, 3BP is entitled to receive
We are obligated under the license and collaboration agreement to use diligent efforts to develop FAP-2286 and commercialize a FAP-targeted therapeutic product and imaging agent, and we are responsible for all commercialization costs in our territory. The agreement with 3BP will remain in effect until the expiration of our royalty obligations to 3BP, determined on a product-by-product and country-by-country basis, unless we elect to terminate the agreement earlier. If we fail to meet our obligations under the agreement and are unable to cure such failure within specified time periods, 3BP can terminate the agreement, resulting in a loss of our rights. 3BP also has the right to terminate the agreement under certain circumstances in connection with our change of control in which the acquiring party retains a product competitive with the FAP-targeted therapeutic product or, in the event marketing authorization has not yet been obtained, does not agree to the then-current global development plan.
We submitted
In February 2020, we finalized the terms of a drug discovery collaboration agreement with 3BP to identify up to
Pursuant to the terms of the discovery collaboration agreement, we are required to make additional payments to 3BP for annual technology access fees and upon the achievement of certain development and regulatory milestone events (or on certain dates, whichever occur earlier). We are also obligated to pay 3BP a
We are obligated under the discovery collaboration agreement to use diligent efforts to develop and commercialize the product candidates, if any, that result from the discovery program, and we are responsible for all clinical development and commercialization costs. The agreement with 3BP will remain in effect until the expiration of our royalty obligations to 3BP, determined on a product-by-product and country-by-country basis, unless we elect to terminate the agreement earlier. If we fail to meet our obligations under the agreement and are unable to cure such failure within specified time periods, 3BP can terminate the agreement, resulting in a loss of our rights.
26
Lucitanib
On November 19, 2013, we acquired all of the issued and outstanding capital stock of EOS pursuant to the terms set forth in that certain Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of November 19, 2013 (the “Stock Purchase Agreement”), by and among the Company, EOS, its shareholders (the “Sellers”) and Sofinnova Capital V FCPR, acting in its capacity as the Sellers’ representative. Following the acquisition, EOS became a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. Under the terms of the Stock Purchase Agreement, in addition to the initial purchase price paid at the time of the closing of the acquisition and other license fees due to Advenchen described below, we will also be obligated to pay to the Sellers a milestone payment of $
In October 2008, Ethical Oncology Science, S.p.A. (“EOS”) (now known as Clovis Oncology Italy Srl) entered into an exclusive license agreement with Advenchen Laboratories LLC (“Advenchen”) to develop and commercialize lucitanib on a global basis, excluding China.
We are obligated to pay Advenchen tiered royalties at percentage rates in the mid-single digits on net sales of lucitanib, based on the volume of annual net sales achieved. In addition, after giving effect to the first and second amendments to the license agreement, we are required to pay to Advenchen
The license agreement with Advenchen will remain in effect until the expiration of all of our royalty obligations to Advenchen, determined on a product-by-product and country-by-country basis, unless we elect to terminate the agreement earlier. If we fail to meet our obligations under the agreement and are unable to cure such failure within specified time periods, Advenchen can terminate the agreement, resulting in a loss of our rights to lucitanib.
13. Net Loss Per Common Share
Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of common share equivalents outstanding using the treasury-stock method for the stock options and RSUs and the if-converted method for the convertible senior notes. As a result of our net losses for the periods presented, all potentially dilutive common share equivalents were considered anti-dilutive and were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share.
The shares outstanding at the end of the respective periods presented in the table below were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share due to their anti-dilutive effect (in thousands):
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14. Commitments and Contingencies
Royalty and License Fee Commitments
We have entered into certain license agreements, as identified in Note 12, License Agreements, with third parties that include the payment of development and regulatory milestones, as well as royalty payments, upon the achievement of pre-established development, regulatory and commercial targets. Our payment obligation related to these license agreements is contingent upon the successful development, regulatory approval, and commercialization of the licensed products. Due to the nature of these arrangements, the future potential payments are inherently uncertain, and accordingly, we only recognize payment obligations which are probable and estimable as of the balance sheet date.
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Manufacture and Services Agreement Commitments
On October 3, 2016, we entered into a Manufacturing and Services Agreement (the “Agreement”) with a non-exclusive third-party supplier for the production of the active ingredient for Rubraca. Under the terms of the Agreement, we will provide the third-party supplier a rolling forecast for the supply of the active ingredient in Rubraca that will be updated by us on a quarterly basis. We are obligated to order material sufficient to satisfy an initial quantity specified in a forecast. In addition, the third-party supplier has constructed, in its existing facility, a production train that will manufacture the Rubraca active ingredient. We made scheduled capital program fee payments toward capital equipment and other costs associated with the construction of the production train. Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2018, once the facility was operational, we were obligated to pay a fixed facility fee each quarter for the duration of the Agreement, which expires on December 31, 2025, unless extended by mutual consent of the parties. As of September 30, 2022, $
At the time we entered into the Agreement, we evaluated the Agreement as a whole and bifurcated into lease and non-lease components, which consisted of an operating lease of warehouse space, financial lease of equipment, purchase of leasehold improvements and prepaid manufacturing costs based upon the relative fair values of each of the deliverables. During October 2018, the production train was placed into service, and we recorded the various components of the Agreement.
On June 16, 2021, we entered into amendment no. 2 of the Agreement with Lonza (“Amendment 2”). Pursuant to the terms of Amendment 2, we paid Lonza $
Legal Proceedings
We and certain of our officers were named as defendants in several lawsuits, as described below. We cannot reasonably predict the outcome of these legal proceedings, nor can we estimate the amount of loss or range of loss, if any, that may result. An adverse outcome in these proceedings could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.
European Patent Opposition
An opposition against European Patent 3150610 was filed by Generics (UK) Limited on April 30, 2020 on grounds similar to those raised in the opposition notices against European Patent 2534153, which grounds are common in such proceedings. Clovis responded to the opposition notice in European Patent 3150610 by amending the claims to be directed to the use of rucaparib maleate in a method of inhibiting PARP activity or treating cancer. That is, the
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amended claims do not cover Rubraca. During an oral hearing that took place on November 18, 2021, European Patent 3150610 was revoked, and the written decision of the European Patent Office was dated December 15, 2021. Clovis filed its appeal on April 20, 2022. During the appeal, the effect of the Opposition Division’s decision is suspended, and the patent remains in force until a Technical Board of Appeals issues its own decision.
In Europe, regulatory exclusivity is available for
15. Segment Information
The following table presents information about our reportable segments for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):
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Net loss | $ | ( | $ | ( |
The following table presents information about our reportable segments for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):
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Net loss | $ | ( | $ | ( |
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ITEM 2. | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS |
Forward-Looking Information
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the information incorporated herein by reference includes statements that are, or may be deemed, “forward-looking statements.” In some cases, these forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology, including the terms “believes,” “estimates,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “plans,” “intends,” “may,” “could,” “might,” “will,” “should,” “approximately” or, in each case, their negative or other variations thereon or comparable terminology, although not all forward-looking statements contain these words. They appear in a number of places throughout this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and include statements regarding our intentions, beliefs, projections, outlook, analyses or current expectations concerning, among other things, the market acceptance and commercial viability of our approved product, the development and performance of our sales and marketing capabilities, the performance of our clinical trial partners, third party manufacturers and our diagnostic partners, our ongoing and planned non-clinical studies and clinical trials, the timing of and our ability to make regulatory filings and obtain and maintain regulatory approvals for our product candidates, including our ability to confirm clinical benefit and safety of our approved product through confirmatory trials and other post-marketing requirements, the degree of clinical utility of our products, particularly in specific patient populations, expectations regarding clinical trial data, expectations regarding sales of our products, our results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, our ability to raise capital, prospects, growth and strategies, the industry in which we operate, including our competition and the trends that may affect the industry or us.
By their nature, forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties because they relate to events, competitive dynamics and industry change and depend on the economic circumstances that may or may not occur in the future or may occur on longer or shorter timelines than anticipated. We caution you that forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and that our actual results of operations, financial condition and liquidity and the development of the industry in which we operate may differ materially from the forward-looking statements contained herein.
Any forward-looking statements that we make in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q speak only as of the date of such statement, and we undertake no obligation to update such statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.
You should also read carefully the factors described in the “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the US Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) as supplemented by the risk factors set forth herein, as updated from time to time in our subsequent SEC filings, to better understand the risks and uncertainties inherent in our business and underlying any forward-looking statements. You are advised, however, to consult any further disclosures we make on related subjects in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and our website.
Clovis Oncology®, the Clovis logo and Rubraca® are trademarks of Clovis Oncology, Inc. in the United States and in other selected countries. All other brand names or trademarks appearing in this report are the property of their respective holders. Unless the context requires otherwise, references in this report to “Clovis,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Clovis Oncology, Inc., together with its consolidated subsidiaries.
Overview
We are a biopharmaceutical company focused on acquiring, developing, and commercializing innovative anti-cancer agents in the United States, Europe and additional international markets. We target our development programs for the treatment of specific subsets of cancer populations, and simultaneously develop, with partners, for those indications that require them, diagnostic tools intended to direct a compound in development to the population that is most likely to benefit from its use.
Our marketed product Rubraca® (rucaparib), an oral small molecule inhibitor of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (“PARP”), is marketed in the United States for an indication specific to recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer and also an indication specific to metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (“mCRPC”). Rubraca received an approval from the United States Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) in April 2018 for the maintenance treatment of adult patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who are in a complete or partial response to platinum-based chemotherapy. Diagnostic testing is not required for patients
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to be prescribed Rubraca in this maintenance treatment indication. In June 2022, we voluntarily withdrew the initial indication for Rubraca covering the treatment of adult patients with deleterious BRCA (human genes associated with the repair of damaged DNA) mutation (germline and/or somatic)-associated epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who have been treated with two or more chemotherapies, for which approval was received from the FDA in December 2016.
In May 2020, the FDA approved Rubraca for the treatment of adult patients with mCRPC associated with a deleterious BRCA mutation (germline and/or somatic) who have been treated previously with androgen receptor-directed therapy and a taxane-based chemotherapy and selected for therapy based on an FDA-approved companion diagnostic for Rubraca. The FDA approved this indication under accelerated approval based on objective response rate and duration of response data from the TRITON2 clinical trial. As an accelerated approval, continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in confirmatory trials. The TRITON3 clinical trial is expected to serve as the confirmatory study for Rubraca’s approval in mCRPC and could serve as the basis for a potential second-line label expansion. TRITON3 is a Phase 3 randomized trial of Rubraca in patients with chemotherapy-naïve mCRPC. The study enrolled 405 patients with a mutation in BRCA or ATM who were randomized to Rubraca or the control group, which consisted of physician’s choice of docetaxel, abiraterone acetate, or enzalutamide. The primary endpoint was rPFS by IRR. The primary efficacy analysis evaluated two prospectively defined molecular sub-groups in a step-down manner: 1) the BRCA subgroup and 2) all patients randomized (ITT) in TRITON3, inclusive of those with BRCA or ATM mutations. TRITON3 met its primary endpoint of PFS in the BRCA mutant and ITT populations. We released the initial data readout from TRITON3 early in October 2022. In the BRCA subgroup, the Rubraca arm (n=201) achieved statistical significance over the control arm (n=101) for the primary endpoint of rPFS with a hazard ratio of 0.50 (95% CI: 0.36-0.69). The median PFS for the population of patients with BRCA mutations treated with Rubraca was 11.2 months vs 6.4 months among those who received physician’s choice (p<0.0001). In the ITT population the Rubraca arm (n=270) achieved statistical significance over the control arm (n=135) for the primary endpoint of rPFS with a hazard ratio of 0.61 (95% CI: 0.47-0.80). The median PFS for all patients enrolled in TRITON3 and treated with Rubraca was 10.2 months vs 6.4 months among those who received physician’s choice (p=0.0003). In the exploratory subgroup of men with tumor ATM mutations (n=103), the hazard ratio for rPFS was 0.97 (95% CI: 0.59-1.52). Median rPFS in the Rubraca arm (n=69) was 8.1 months vs 6.8 months in the control arm (n=34) with a nominal p-value (p=0.8421). The hazard ratio for the interim analysis of the secondary endpoint of overall survival (OS) in the BRCA subgroup and ITT population, which are not yet mature, favored Rubraca. The hazard ratio for OS in the exploratory subgroup of ATM, which is mature, favored the control arm. The 95% confidence intervals for these OS analyses included less than one for the exploratory endpoint ATM, signifying no statistical difference in outcomes between Rubraca and control. The safety profile of Rubraca observed in TRITON3 was consistent with Rubraca labelling. We intend to discuss with the FDA submitting for the broader ITT population. Depending on the outcome of the FDA discussion and available financial and personnel resources, we will evaluate if or when an sNDA filing may occur.
In Europe, the European Commission granted a conditional marketing authorization in May 2018 for Rubraca as monotherapy treatment of adult patients with platinum-sensitive, relapsed, or progressive, BRCA mutated (germline and/or somatic), high-grade epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer, who have been treated with two or more prior lines of platinum-based chemotherapy, and who are unable to tolerate further platinum-based chemotherapy. In April 2022, we submitted to the EMA the top-line final OS data from the Phase 3 ARIEL4 study of Rubraca versus chemotherapy in relapsed ovarian cancer patients with BRCA mutations (inclusive of germline and/or somatic) who had received two or more prior lines of chemotherapy. We voluntarily requested this treatment indication be withdrawn in Europe after the EMA initiated a non-Pharmacovigilance Article 20 referral procedure to review the ARIEL4 dataset, specifically to evaluate the risk: benefit of Rubraca in the third-line and later treatment indication. On July 22, 2022, the EMA recommended that Rubraca should no longer be authorized in the third-line and later treatment indication, and the European Commission issued a final legally binding decision applicable in all EU Member States in September 2022, which concluded the Article 20 referral. In January 2019, the European Commission granted a variation to the marketing authorization to include the maintenance treatment of adult patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who are in a complete or partial response to platinum-based chemotherapy. The approval for this indication is not affected by the voluntarily withdrawal of the later-line treatment indication, and Rubraca is authorized in Europe for certain patients in the recurrent ovarian cancer maintenance setting regardless of their BRCA mutation status. Following successful reimbursement negotiations, Rubraca is marketed in each of Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, France, Spain, the Netherlands, and Switzerland.
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In September 2022 we submitted the final OS data from our ARIEL3 study to FDA and EMA. In the nested primary analysis populations, HR were 0.832 (95% CI 0.581–1.192), 1.005 (95% CI 0.766–1.320), 0.995 (95% CI 0.809–1.223) in the BRCA, HRD and ITT populations, respectively. In non-nested exploratory subgroups related to tumor molecular characteristics, HR were 1.280 (95% CI 0.841–1.948), 1.153 (95% CI 0.784–1.695), 0.673 (95% CI 0.305–1.483) in the BRCA wild type HRD positive, BRCA wild type HRD negative and BRCA wild type HRD unknown subgroups, respectively. In all cases, the confidence interval crossed 1, indicating no difference between the treatment arms.
Beyond our labeled indications, we continue to evaluate Rubraca in the ATHENA Phase 3 study under a clinical collaboration with Bristol Myers Squibb to evaluate its immunotherapy OPDIVO® (nivolumab) in combination with Rubraca in front-line ovarian cancer maintenance treatment.
On March 31, 2022, we announced positive top-line data from the monotherapy portion of the ATHENA (GOG 3020/ENGOT-ov45) trial (ATHENA-MONO) demonstrating that Rubraca as maintenance treatment successfully achieved the primary endpoint of significantly improved investigator-assessed PFS compared with placebo. Benefit was observed in both primary efficacy analyses of newly-diagnosed patients with advanced ovarian cancer following successful treatment with platinum-based chemotherapy: those who had homologous recombination deficiency (HRD-positive), including deleterious BRCA mutations, as well as all patients randomized in the trial (overall intent-to-treat population (“ITT”)). Benefit in PFS was also seen in the exploratory subgroups of patients with BRCA mutant (BRCAm) tumors, BRCA wild type HRD-negative and BRCA wild type HRD-positive and in patients with unknown biomarker status. The safety of Rubraca observed in the ATHENA-MONO study was consistent with both the US and European labels. The portion of the ATHENA trial evaluating the combination of OPDIVO and Rubraca (ATHENA-COMBO) is ongoing.
Based on the results of ATHENA-MONO, we submitted an sNDA to the FDA and a Type II variation to the EMA for a first-line maintenance treatment indication for women with advanced ovarian cancer who have responded to first-line platinum-based chemotherapy in August 2022. In early May 2022, the FDA recommended that we should not submit the first line maintenance sNDA until OS data from the ATHENA-MONO trial are as much as 50% mature, and if we do choose to submit prior to that, we should expect the FDA to require a discussion at an ODAC meeting in connection with its review of such sNDA submission. In addition, the FDA will consider OS data from other rucaparib clinical trials when it reviews the ATHENA-MONO dataset. On November 4, 2022, we received from the FDA the Day-74 letter, which notifies an applicant of issues identified during the filing review phase. The letter confirmed that the sNDA has been accepted for a standard review with a PDUFA date of June 25, 2023. The FDA reiterated that the current OS data from the ATHENA-MONO trial are immature and expressed the view that the current trends of certain OS HR estimates indicate that there may be potential harm for patients in certain sub-groups. The OS data submitted in the sNDA application were immature at 15.8% (HRD) and 24.7% (ITT) with no statistically significant differences between rucaparib and control. Our initial estimates suggest that we would reach 50% maturity in approximately 1.5 years. The FDA further indicated that PFS improvement alone may not be sufficient to support an overall positive benefit-risk assessment in a maintenance treatment setting, as, in the FDA’s opinion, Rubraca is adding toxicity during a time when patients would otherwise not be on any treatment. While the letter did not refer to an ODAC, there can be no assurances regarding whether an ODAC will be scheduled, or the timing or outcome of the FDA review of the sNDA submission and the timing or outcome of the EMA review of the Type II variation submission.
ATHENA is a double-blind, placebo-controlled, Phase 3 trial of rucaparib in first-line ovarian cancer maintenance treatment. It has two parts which are statistically independent. The top-line results reported were from the ATHENA-MONO part (rucaparib vs. placebo), with results from the ATHENA-COMBO part (rucaparib+nivolumab vs. rucaparib) expected in the fourth quarter of 2023.
ATHENA-MONO enrolled 538 women with high-grade ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer. The primary efficacy analysis evaluated two prospectively defined molecular sub-groups in a step-down manner: 1) HRD-positive (inclusive of BRCAm tumors), and 2) all patients randomized (ITT) in ATHENA-MONO.
Following is a summary of the primary efficacy analyses by investigator review, the primary analysis of ATHENA-MONO.
Significant Improvement in PFS in the HRD-positive Patient Population
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The rucaparib arm (n=185) successfully achieved statistical significance over the placebo arm (n=49) for the primary endpoint of PFS with a hazard ratio of 0.47 (95% CI: 0.31-0.72). The median PFS for the HRD-positive patient population treated with rucaparib was 28.7 months vs. 11.3 months among those who received placebo (p=0.0004).
Significant Improvement in PFS in All Patients Studied (ITT or all comers)
Rucaparib also showed statistical significance in all 538 patients randomized in the ATHENA-MONO comparison. The rucaparib arm (n=427) successfully achieved statistical significance over the placebo arm (n=111) for the primary endpoint of PFS with a hazard ratio of 0.52 (95% CI: 0.40-0.68). The median PFS for all patients enrolled in ATHENA-MONO and treated with rucaparib was 20.2 months vs. 9.2 months among those who received placebo (p<0.0001).
Benefit in PFS was also observed in the exploratory subgroups of patients with BRCAm tumors, those with BRCA wild-type, HRD-positive and HRD-negative tumors, and those whose biomarker status could not be determined.
Treatment Benefit in PFS Endpoint for Exploratory BRCA wild type HRD-negative Subgroup
The PFS endpoint in the exploratory subgroup of HRD-negative demonstrated a hazard ratio of 0.65 (95% CI: 0.45-0.95). The median PFS for these patients treated with rucaparib (n=189) was 12.1 months vs. 9.1 months for those who received placebo (n=49) (p=0.0284).
Treatment Benefit in PFS Endpoint for Exploratory BRCA wild type HRD-positive Subgroup
The PFS endpoint in the exploratory subgroup of HRD-positive demonstrated a hazard ratio of 0.58 (95% CI: 0.33-1.01). The median PFS for these patients treated with rucaparib (n=94) was 20.3 months vs. 9.2 months for those who received placebo (n=25) (p=0.0584).
Treatment Benefit in PFS Endpoint for Exploratory BRCAm Subgroup
The PFS endpoint in the exploratory subgroup of BRCAm demonstrated a hazard ratio of 0.40 (95% CI: 0.21-0.75). The median PFS for these patients treated with rucaparib (n=91) was Not Reached vs 14.7 months for those who received placebo (n=24) (p=0.0041). Results were consistent for the germline BRCA (n=68) and somatic BRCA (n=33) and unknown (n=14) populations.
Treatment Benefit in PFS Endpoint for Exploratory Biomarker Status Unknown Subgroup
The PFS endpoint in the exploratory subgroup of patients whose biomarker status could not be determined demonstrated a hazard ratio of 0.39 (95% CI: 0.20-0.78). The median PFS for these patients treated with rucaparib (n=53) was 17.5 months vs. 8.9 months for those who received placebo (n=13) (p=0.0068).
Summary of Interim Overall Survival Data
Data for OS were immature and thus heavily censored at the time of the visit cutoff for the primary endpoint analysis. The number of deaths in the rucaparib and placebo groups in the HRD and ITT Populations was small (HRD, 37/234 [15.8%]; ITT, 133/538 [24.7%]). Interim OS results showed HR 0.97 [95% CI, 0.43-2.19] and HR 0.96 [95% CI, 0.63-1.47] for the nested HRD and ITT populations, respectively. In exploratory subgroups based on tumor molecular characteristics interim OS results showed HR 2.24 [95% CI, 0.39-12.99], HR 0.64 [95% CI, 0.25-1.59], HR 0.92 [95% CI, 0.54-1.57, HR 1.04 [95% CI, 0.31-3.50 in the BRCA, BRCA wild type LOH high, BRCA wild type LOH low and BRCA wild type LOH unknown subgroups, respectively. All the confidence intervals crossed one, indicating no difference between OS in the rucaparib and placebo arms.
Summary of ATHENA-MONO Safety Data
The safety of Rubraca observed in ATHENA-MONO was consistent with both the current US and European labels. The most common (≥5%) treatment-emergent grade 3/4 adverse events (“TEAEs”) among all patients treated with rucaparib in the monotherapy portion of the ATHENA study were anemia/decreased hemoglobin (28.7%), neutropenia (14.6%), ALT/AST increase (10.6%), and thrombocytopenia (7.1%). The discontinuation rate for TEAEs
33
was 11.8% for rucaparib-treated patients and 5.5% for the placebo arm. The rate of treatment-emergent myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)/acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in the rucaparib arm was 0.2%, and no patients on the placebo arm experienced treatment-emergent MDS/AML.
These data were presented at the ASCO Annual Meeting in June 2022 and simultaneously published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.
About Ovarian Cancer
Ovarian cancer is the eighth leading cause of cancer-related death among women worldwide. In 2020, GLOBOCAN estimated 314,000 women received a new diagnosis of ovarian cancer and approximately 207,200 women died from ovarian cancer. According to the American Cancer Society, an estimated more than 19,000 women will be diagnosed with ovarian cancer in the United States and there will be an estimated nearly 13,000 deaths from ovarian cancer in 2022. According to GLOBOCAN, an estimated 66,000 women in Europe are diagnosed each year with ovarian cancer, and ovarian cancer is among those cancers with the highest rate of deaths. According to the NIH National Cancer Institute, more than 75% of women are diagnosed with ovarian cancer at an advanced stage.
Despite recent advances in the therapeutic landscape of newly diagnosed ovarian cancer, advanced ovarian cancer is still considered incurable for the majority of patients and the optimal treatment strategy has yet to be determined, according to a 2021 report in the International Journal of Gynecological Cancer. Although most respond initially to this treatment, 80% of patients with advanced ovarian cancer will have a recurrence and require subsequent therapies, according to a 2012 study published in the Annals of Oncology.
About Prostate Cancer
The American Cancer Society estimates that approximately 268,000 men in the US will be diagnosed with prostate cancer in 2022, and the GLOBOCAN Cancer Fact Sheets estimated that approximately 473,000 men in Europe were diagnosed with prostate cancer in 2020. Castrate-resistant prostate cancer has a high likelihood of developing metastases. Metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (“mCRPC”) is an incurable disease, usually associated with poor prognosis. Approximately 43,000 men in the US were expected to be diagnosed with mCRPC in 2020. According to the National Cancer Institute, the five-year survival rate for mCRPC is approximately 30%. BRCA or ATM mutations have been detected in approximately 19% of patients with mCRPC according to articles published in JCO Precision Oncology in 2017 and in Clinical Cancer Research in 2021. These molecular markers may be used to select patients for treatment with a PARP inhibitor.
About Biomarkers in Ovarian Cancer
In the high-grade epithelial ovarian cancer setting, a patient’s tumor can be classified based on the genetic biomarker status: those with homologous recombination deficiencies, or HRD-positive, include those with a mutation of the BRCA gene (BRCAm), inclusive of germline and somatic mutations of BRCA, which represent approximately 25 percent of patients, according to studies published in Cancer and Clinical Cancer Research, and those with a range of genetic abnormalities other than BRCAm, which result in other homologous recombination deficiencies that represent an additional estimated 25 percent of patients (HRD-positive, BRCAwt), according to a 2015 study published in Cancer Discovery; in addition, those whose test results show no deficiencies in homologous recombination repair (HRD-negative) represent the remaining approximate 50 percent of patients, according to a 2022 study published in Cancers. HRD-positive may also be referred to as HR-deficient, HRD, HRD+, HRd, or biomarker positive. HRD-negative may also be referred to as HR-proficient, HRD-, HRp, or biomarker negative.
The timing for the Phase 3 data readouts from the ATHENA-COMBO trial is contingent upon the occurrence of the protocol-specified PFS events, currently estimated to occur in the fourth quarter of 2023.
We hold worldwide rights to Rubraca.
FAP-2286
FAP-2286 is our initial product candidate to emerge from our targeted radionuclide collaboration with 3B Pharmaceuticals GmbH (“3BP”). FAP-2286 is a peptide-targeted radionuclide therapy (“PTRT”) and imaging agent
34
targeting fibroblast activation protein (“FAP”). PTRT uses cancer cell-targeting peptides to deliver radiation-emitting radionuclides specifically to tumors. Following the clearance by the FDA of two INDs submitted in December 2020 to support the use of FAP-2286 as an imaging and treatment agent, we initiated the Phase 1 portion of the LuMIERE clinical study in June 2021. LuMIERE is a Phase 1/2 study of FAP-2286 labeled with lutetium-177 (177Lu-FAP-2286) evaluating the compound in patients with advanced solid tumors to determine the dose, schedule, and tolerability of FAP-2286 as a therapeutic agent with expansion cohorts planned in multiple tumor types as part of a global development program. We are currently enrolling patients in the third dose cohort, and we plan to initiate Phase 2 expansion cohorts during the first quarter of 2023. FAP-2286 labeled with gallium-68 (68Ga-FAP-2286) is being utilized to identify tumors that contain FAP for treatment in this study.
We presented Phase 1 clinical data from LuMIERE at the SNMMI 2022 Annual Meeting in June and the EANM Congress in October 2022. Overall, in eleven patients treated up to the third dose cohort of 7.4 GBq/dose, 177Lu-FAP-2286 demonstrated a manageable safety profile with some preliminary evidence of anti-tumor activity, including a confirmed RECIST partial response (“PR”) in one patient and a RECIST best response of stable disease (“SD”) in one heavily pretreated patient.
The Phase 1 portion of the LuMIERE study is evaluating the safety of the investigational therapeutic agent 177Lu-FAP-2286 to identify the recommended Phase 2 dose and schedule. The safety and tumor uptake of the imaging agent 68Ga-FAP-2286 is also being evaluated.
Updated results from the Phase 1 portion of the ongoing Phase 1/2 LuMIERE study found TEAEs were mostly Grade 1 and 2 across cohorts. Data from the 7.4 GBq/dose cohort includes two patients who have completed the first cycle with enrollment ongoing. A dose-limiting toxicity of Grade 4 lymphopenia related to 177Lu-FAP-2286 was reported in one of six patients in the 5.55 GBq cohort; the patient had grade 2 lymphopenia at baseline. Overall, five patients (45.5%) had a Grade ≥3 TEAE, including abdominal distension (9.1%), cholangitis (9.1%), hyponatremia (9.1%), increased blood bilirubin (9.1%), and spinal compression fracture (9.1%); none were considered as related to 177Lu-FAP-2286.
There was good tumor uptake across a range of tumor types with prolonged tumor retention of 177Lu-FAP-2286 after dosing. Kidney and bone marrow radiation exposure observed appeared comparable to those reported in the literature for other lutetium-177 labeled radionuclide therapies with non-FAP targets.
A confirmed RECIST PR was reported in one heavily pre-treated patient in the 3.7 GBq dose cohort with pseudomyxoma peritonei of appendiceal origin, who completed the maximum six administrations of 177Lu-FAP-2286. The patient continues without disease progression or subsequent anti-cancer therapy more than twelve months after first dose. A RECIST best response of SD was reported in one heavily pre-treated patient in the 5.55 GBq dose cohort with gallbladder cancer who completed four administrations of 177Lu-FAP-2286 and remained stable without progressive disease through cycle four of treatment with subsequent progression.
In addition to investigating for therapeutic use FAP-2286 labeled with the beta particle-emitting lutetium-177, we are also exploring FAP-2286 labeled with the alpha particle-emitting actinium-225 (Ac-225).
We hold US and global rights to FAP-2286, excluding Europe (defined to include Russia, Turkey, and Israel), where 3BP retains rights. We are also collaborating with 3BP on a discovery program directed to up to three additional, undisclosed targets for targeted radionuclide therapy, to which we would have global rights for any resulting product candidates.
Lucitanib
Lucitanib, another of our small molecule product candidates, is an investigational, oral, potent angiogenesis inhibitor which inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1 through 3 (“VEGFR1-3”), platelet-derived growth factor receptors alpha and beta (“PDGFR α/β”) and fibroblast growth factor receptors 1 through 3 (“FGFR1-3”). Lucitanib inhibits the same three pathways as Lenvima® (lenvatinib), which has received an FDA approval for use in certain populations of patients with endometrial cancer in combination with Keytruda® (pembrolizumab), a PD-1 inhibitor. This, together with preclinical data for lucitanib in combination with a PD-1 inhibitor that demonstrated enhanced anti-tumor activity compared to that of single agents, represent a scientific rationale for development of lucitanib in combination with a PD-1 inhibitor, and in February 2019, lucitanib was added to our clinical collaboration
35
with Bristol Myers Squibb. The Phase 1b/2 LIO-1 study evaluated the combination of lucitanib and Opdivo in gynecologic cancers. Although interim data from LIO-1 suggested promising activity of the combination, given the competing priorities, including development of FAP-2286, we have determined that we will not pursue further development of lucitanib in gynecological cancers at this time.
We hold the global (excluding China) development and commercialization rights for lucitanib.
We commenced operations in April 2009. To date, we have devoted substantially all of our resources to identifying and in-licensing product candidates, performing development activities with respect to those product candidates and the general and administrative support of these operations. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, we have generated $97.1 million and $112.9 million, respectively, in product revenue related to sales of Rubraca.
We have never been profitable and, as of September 30, 2022, we had an accumulated deficit of $3,064.8 million. We incurred net losses of $187.5 million and $200.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. We had cash and cash equivalents totaling $58.3 million at September 30, 2022.
We have incurred significant net losses since inception, and we expect operating losses and negative cash flows to continue for the foreseeable future.
License Agreements
Rucaparib
In June 2011, we entered into a license agreement with Pfizer to obtain the exclusive global rights to develop and commercialize Rubraca. The exclusive rights are exclusive even as to Pfizer and include the right to grant sublicenses. Pursuant to the terms of the license agreement, we made a $7.0 million upfront payment to Pfizer and are required to make additional payments to Pfizer for the achievement of certain development and regulatory and sales milestones and royalties on sales as required by the license agreement. Prior to the FDA approval of Rubraca, we made milestone payments of $1.4 million, which were recognized as acquired in-process research and development expense.
During 2016 through 2020, we paid Pfizer a total of $82.5 million in milestone payments related to the FDA and European Commission approvals received for Rubraca. These milestone payments were recognized as intangible assets and are amortized over the estimated remaining useful life of Rubraca.
We are obligated under the license agreement to use commercially reasonable efforts to develop and commercialize Rubraca and we are responsible for all ongoing development and commercialization costs for Rubraca. We are required to make regulatory milestone payments to Pfizer of up to an additional $8.0 million in aggregate if specified clinical study objectives and regulatory filings, acceptances and approvals are achieved. In addition, we are obligated to make sales milestone payments to Pfizer if specified annual sales targets for Rubraca are met, which relate to annual sales targets of $250.0 million and above, which, in the aggregate, could amount to total milestone payments of $170.0 million, and tiered royalty payments at a mid-teen percentage rate on net sales, with standard provisions for royalty offsets to the extent we need to obtain any rights from third parties to commercialize Rubraca.
The license agreement with Pfizer will remain in effect until the expiration of all of our royalty and sublicense revenue obligations to Pfizer, determined on a product-by-product and country-by-country basis, unless we elect to terminate the license agreement earlier. If we fail to meet our obligations under the agreement and are unable to cure such failure within specified time periods, Pfizer can terminate the agreement, resulting in a loss of our rights to Rubraca and an obligation to assign or license to Pfizer any intellectual property rights or other rights we may have in Rubraca, including our regulatory filings, regulatory approvals, patents, and trademarks for Rubraca.
As discussed in Note 1, we are in discussions with Pfizer to defer certain royalty payments due under our license agreement in respect of sales of Rubraca during the quarter ended September 30, 2022 in the amount of $4.3 million and the quarter ending December 31, 2022 until March 31, 2023, plus interest thereon from the date such payments would otherwise be payable under the license agreement until actually paid.
In April 2012, we entered into a license agreement with AstraZeneca to acquire exclusive rights associated with Rubraca under a family of patents and patent applications that claim methods of treating patients with PARP inhibitors
36
in certain indications. The license enables the development and commercialization of Rubraca for the uses claimed by these patents. AstraZeneca also receives royalties on net sales of Rubraca.
FAP-2286 and the Radionuclide Therapy Development Program
In September 2019, we entered into a global license and collaboration agreement with 3BP to develop and commercialize a PTRT and imaging agent targeting FAP. The lead candidate, designated internally as FAP-2286, is being developed pursuant to a global development plan agreed to by the parties. We are responsible for the costs of all preclinical and clinical development activities described in the plan, including the costs for a limited number of 3BP full-time equivalents and external costs incurred during the preclinical development phase of the collaboration. Upon the signing of the license and collaboration agreement in September 2019, we made a $9.4 million upfront payment to 3BP, which we recognized as acquired in-process research and development expense.
Pursuant to the terms of the FAP agreement, we are required to make additional payments to 3BP for annual technology access fees and upon the achievement of certain development and regulatory milestone events (or on certain dates, whichever occur earlier). We are also obligated to pay 3BP single- to low-double-digit royalties on net sales of the FAP-targeted therapeutic product and imaging agent, based on the volume of annual net sales achieved. In addition, 3BP is entitled to receive 34% of any consideration, excluding royalties on the therapeutic product, pursuant to any sublicenses we may grant.
We are obligated under the license and collaboration agreement to use diligent efforts to develop FAP-2286 and commercialize a FAP-targeted therapeutic product and imaging agent, and we are responsible for all commercialization costs in our territory. The agreement with 3BP will remain in effect until the expiration of our royalty obligations to 3BP, determined on a product-by-product and country-by-country basis, unless we elect to terminate the agreement earlier. If we fail to meet our obligations under the agreement and are unable to cure such failure within specified time periods, 3BP can terminate the agreement, resulting in a loss of our rights. 3BP also has the right to terminate the agreement under certain circumstances in connection with our change of control in which the acquiring party retains a product competitive with the FAP-targeted therapeutic product or, in the event marketing authorization has not yet been obtained, does not agree to the then-current global development plan.
We submitted two INDs for FAP-2286 for use as imaging and treatment agents in December 2020 to support an initial Phase 1 study to determine the dose and tolerability of FAP-2286 as a therapeutic agent with expansion cohorts planned in multiple tumor types as part of a global development program. In April 2021, we made a milestone payment to 3BP under the license and collaboration agreement of $2.2 million as a result of the FDA’s acceptance of the IND for the treatment agent. In September 2021, we made a $3.3 million milestone payment to 3BP under the license and collaboration agreement.
In February 2020, we finalized the terms of a drug discovery collaboration agreement with 3BP to identify up to three additional, undisclosed targets for PTRT, to which we will obtain global rights for any resulting product candidates. We are responsible for the costs of all preclinical and clinical development activities conducted under the discovery program, including the costs for a limited number of 3BP full-time equivalents and external costs incurred during the discovery and preclinical development phase for each collaboration target. The discovery collaboration agreement was effective December 31, 2019, for which we incurred a $2.1 million technology access fee, which we recognized as a research and development expense.
Pursuant to the terms of the discovery collaboration agreement, we are required to make additional payments to 3BP for annual technology access fees and upon the achievement of certain development and regulatory milestone events (or on certain dates, whichever occur earlier). We are also obligated to pay 3BP a 6% royalty on net sales of License Products (as defined in the agreement), based on the volume of quarterly net sales achieved.
We are obligated under the discovery collaboration agreement to use diligent efforts to develop and commercialize the product candidates, if any, that result from the discovery program, and we are responsible for all clinical development and commercialization costs. The agreement with 3BP will remain in effect until the expiration of our royalty obligations to 3BP, determined on a product-by-product and country-by-country basis, unless we elect to terminate the agreement earlier. If we fail to meet our obligations under the agreement and are unable to cure such failure within specified time periods, 3BP can terminate the agreement, resulting in a loss of our rights.
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Lucitanib
On November 19, 2013, we acquired all of the issued and outstanding capital stock of EOS pursuant to the terms set forth in that certain Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of November 19, 2013 (the “Stock Purchase Agreement”), by and among the Company, EOS, its shareholders (the “Sellers”) and Sofinnova Capital V FCPR, acting in its capacity as the Sellers’ representative. Following the acquisition, EOS became a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. Under the terms of the Stock Purchase Agreement, in addition to the initial purchase price paid at the time of the closing of the acquisition and other license fees due to Advenchen described below, we will also be obligated to pay to the Sellers a milestone payment of $65.0 million upon obtaining the first NDA approval from the FDA with respect to lucitanib.
In October 2008, Ethical Oncology Science, S.p.A. (“EOS”) (now known as Clovis Oncology Italy Srl) entered into an exclusive license agreement with Advenchen Laboratories LLC (“Advenchen”) to develop and commercialize lucitanib on a global basis, excluding China.
We are obligated to pay Advenchen tiered royalties at percentage rates in the mid-single digits on net sales of lucitanib, based on the volume of annual net sales achieved. In addition, after giving effect to the first and second amendments to the license agreement, we are required to pay to Advenchen 25% of any consideration, excluding royalties, we receive from sublicensees, in lieu of the milestone obligations set forth in the agreement. We are obligated under the agreement to use commercially reasonable efforts to develop and commercialize at least one product containing lucitanib, and we are also responsible for all remaining development and commercialization costs for lucitanib.
The license agreement with Advenchen will remain in effect until the expiration of all of our royalty obligations to Advenchen, determined on a product-by-product and country-by-country basis, unless we elect to terminate the agreement earlier. If we fail to meet our obligations under the agreement and are unable to cure such failure within specified time periods, Advenchen can terminate the agreement, resulting in a loss of our rights to lucitanib.
Financial Operations Overview
Revenue
Product revenue is derived from sales of our product, Rubraca, in the United States and Europe. We distribute our product principally through a limited number of specialty distributor and specialty pharmacy providers, collectively, our customers. Our customers subsequently sell our products to patients and healthcare providers. Separately, we have arrangements with certain payors and other third parties that provide for government-mandated and privately-negotiated rebates, chargebacks, and other discounts. Revenue is recorded net of estimated rebates, chargebacks, discounts, and other deductions as well as estimated product returns (collectively, “variable considerations”). Revenue from product sales is recognized when customers obtain control of our product, which occurs at a point in time, typically upon delivery to the customers. For further discussion of our revenue recognition policy, see Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Polices in the Revenue Recognition section.
In the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, we recorded product revenue of $30.7 million and $97.1 million, respectively, related to sales of Rubraca. Our ability to generate revenue and become profitable depends upon our ability to successfully commercialize products. Any inability on our part to successfully commercialize Rubraca in the United States, Europe, and any foreign territories where it may be approved, or any significant delay in such approvals, could have a material adverse impact on our ability to execute upon our business strategy and, ultimately, to generate sufficient revenues from Rubraca to reach or maintain profitability or sustain our anticipated levels of operations.
We supply commercially labeled Rubraca free of charge to eligible patients who qualify due to financial need through our patient assistance program and the majority of these patients are on Medicare. This product is distributed through a separate vendor who administers the program on our behalf. It is not distributed through our specialty distributor and specialty pharmacy network. This product is neither included in the transaction price nor the variable considerations to arrive at product revenue. Manufacturing costs associated with this free product is included in selling, general and administrative expenses. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the supply of this free drug was approximately 24% of the overall commercial supply or the equivalent of $22.3 million in commercial value.
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Our ability to generate product revenue for the quarter ended September 30, 2022 continued to be negatively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, primarily due to the ongoing effect the pandemic has had on oncology treatment and practice, and in particular, the reduction in ovarian cancer diagnoses and fewer patient starts in the US in previous quarters as a result of COVID has continued to impact second-line maintenance treatment and competition from other products on the market, including the impact on second-line maintenance that may result from an increase in first-line maintenance treatment of ovarian cancer. While it does appear that ovarian cancer diagnoses are reverting to pre-COVID levels, the effect of this increase is almost wholly observed on front-line treatments and will not likely impact the second-line indications for several quarters. In addition, we believe that the adoption of PARP inhibitors in the front-line setting is impacting the use of PARP inhibitors in the second-line setting in the US. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, our US and European sales forces have had physical access to hospitals, clinics, doctors, and pharmacies curtailed and/or have been limited. Our European launches occurred in an environment in which our field-based personnel have not been allowed to visit hospitals since as early as late February 2020. Similarly, we launched Rubraca for prostate cancer in the US beginning in May 2020, but our physical access to hospital, clinics, doctors, and pharmacies has been limited.
Cost of Sales – Product
Product cost of sales consists primarily of materials, third-party manufacturing costs as well as freight and royalties owed to our licensing partners for Rubraca sales.
Cost of Sales – Intangible Asset Amortization
Cost of sales for intangible asset amortization consists of the amortization of capitalized milestone payments made to our licensing partners upon the FDA approval of Rubraca. Milestone payments are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated remaining patent life of Rubraca.
Research and Development Expenses
Research and development expenses consist of costs incurred for the development of our product candidates and companion diagnostics, which include:
● | license fees and milestone payments related to the acquisition of in-licensed products, which are reported on our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss as acquired in-process research and development; |
● | employee-related expenses, including salaries, benefits, travel and share-based compensation expense; |
● | expenses incurred under agreements with contract research organizations (“CROs”) and investigative sites that conduct our clinical trials; |
● | the cost of acquiring, developing, and manufacturing clinical trial materials; |
● | costs associated with non-clinical activities and regulatory operations; |
● | market research and disease education; and |
● | activities associated with the development of companion diagnostics for our product candidates. |
Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. License fees and milestone payments related to in-licensed products and technology are expensed if it is determined that they have no alternative future use. Costs for certain development activities, such as clinical trials and manufacturing of clinical supply, are recognized based on an evaluation of the progress to completion of specific tasks using data such as patient enrollment, clinical site activations or information provided to us by our vendors. Our research and development expenses decreased during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the same period in the prior year. We expect research and development costs in the full year 2022 to be lower compared to 2021.
We did not see material disruption to our clinical trials as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. However, we may see disruption during the remainder of 2022. For example, new patient recruitment in certain clinical studies may be affected and the conduct of clinical trials may vary by geography as some regions are more adversely affected. Additionally, we may slow or delay enrollment in certain trials to manage expenses.
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The following table identifies research and development costs on a program-specific basis for our products under development. Personnel-related costs, depreciation and share-based compensation are not allocated to specific programs, as they are deployed across multiple projects under development and, as such, are separately classified as personnel and other expenses in the table below (in thousands):
| Three months ended September 30, | Nine months ended September 30, |
| ||||||||||
| 2022 |
| 2021 |
| 2022 |
| 2021 |
| |||||
| (in thousands) |
| |||||||||||
Rucaparib Expenses | |||||||||||||
Research and development |
| $ | 11,587 | $ | 22,946 |
| $ | 44,074 | $ | 74,423 | |||
Rucaparib Total |
| 11,587 |
| 22,946 |
| 44,074 |
| 74,423 | |||||
FAP Expenses | |||||||||||||
Research and development | 1,912 | 2,471 | 7,583 | 7,044 | |||||||||
Acquired in-process research and development | — | 3,272 | — | 5,477 | |||||||||
FAP Total |
| 1,912 |
| 5,743 |
| 7,583 |
| 12,521 | |||||
Lucitanib Expenses | |||||||||||||
Research and development |
| 1,062 |
| 2,498 |
| 3,902 |
| 7,567 | |||||
Lucitanib Total |
| 1,062 |
| 2,498 |
| 3,902 |
| 7,567 | |||||
Rociletinib Expenses | |||||||||||||
Research and development | (199) | (80) | (160) | (145) | |||||||||
Rociletinib Total |
| (199) |
| (80) |
| (160) |
| (145) | |||||
Personnel and other expenses |
| 16,425 |
| 18,387 |
| 54,064 |
| 55,897 | |||||
Total | $ | 30,787 | $ | 49,494 | $ | 109,463 | $ | 150,263 |
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative expenses consist principally of salaries and related costs for personnel in executive, commercial, finance, legal, investor relations, human resources, and information technology functions. Other general and administrative expenses include facilities expenses, communication expenses, information technology costs, corporate insurance, and professional fees for legal, consulting and accounting services. With the FDA approval of Rubraca on December 19, 2016, all sales and marketing expenses associated with Rubraca are included in selling, general and administrative expenses.
The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated a preference by oncology practices for more digital programming, including digital, peer-to-peer interactions and reduced in-person promotion. In order to meet these changing preferences, we adopted a hybrid commercial strategy combining increased digital promotion activities, greater online resources, and more peer-to-peer interactions with reduced and more targeted in-person promotion. New tools and performance indicators based on this hybrid approach were rolled out during the fourth quarter of 2020. We adopted this strategy in order to better reach customers in the way they want to be reached with the goal of returning to growth, especially as the ongoing impact of COVID-19 is reduced.
We expect selling, general, and administrative expenses in the full year 2022 to be slightly lower compared to 2021.
Acquired In-Process Research and Development Expenses
Acquired in-process research and development expenses consist of upfront payments to acquire a new drug compound, as well as subsequent milestone payments. Acquired in-process research and development payments are immediately expensed provided that the drug has not achieved regulatory approval for marketing and, absent obtaining such approval, has no alternative future use. Once regulatory approval is received, payments to acquire rights, and the related milestone payments, are capitalized and the amortization of such assets recorded to intangible asset amortization cost of sales.
Other Income and Expense
Other income and expense are primarily comprised of foreign currency gains and losses resulting from transactions with CROs, investigative sites and contract manufacturers where payments are made in currencies other than the US dollar. Other expense also includes interest expense recognized related to our convertible senior notes.
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Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and Estimates
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with US generally accepted accounting principles. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, expenses, revenue, and related disclosures. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and judgments, including those related to revenue, intangible asset impairment, clinical trial accruals, and share-based compensation expense. We base our estimates on historical experience, known trends and events and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
For a description of our critical accounting policies, please see Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021. There have not been any material changes to our critical accounting policies since December 31, 2021.
New Accounting Standards
From time to time, the FASB, or other standards-setting bodies issue new accounting pronouncements. Updates to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification are communicated through the issuance of an Accounting Standards Update. To understand the impact of recently issued guidance, whether adopted or to be adopted, please review the information provided in Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, in the Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.
Results of Operations
Comparison of Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):
Three months ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||
|
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| US |
| ex-US |
| Total |
| US |
| ex-US |
| Total | |||||||
Transaction price | $ | 29,120 | $ | 14,293 | $ | 43,413 | $ | 35,763 | $ | 16,174 | $ | 51,937 | ||||||
Sales deductions: | ||||||||||||||||||
Government rebates and chargebacks | (3,419) | (6,008) | (9,427) | (4,093) | (6,146) | (10,239) | ||||||||||||
Discounts and fees | (2,682) | (641) | (3,323) | (2,971) | (811) | (3,782) | ||||||||||||
Total sales deductions | (6,101) | (6,649) | (12,750) | (7,064) | (6,957) | (14,021) | ||||||||||||
Product revenue | 23,019 | 7,644 | 30,663 | 28,699 | 9,217 | 37,916 | ||||||||||||
Operating expenses: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||
External cost of sales - product |
| 4,487 |
| 2,778 |
| 7,265 |
| 5,488 |
| 3,018 |
| 8,506 | ||||||
Cost of sales - intangible asset amortization |
| 620 |
| 723 |
| 1,343 |
| 620 |
| 723 |
| 1,343 | ||||||
Research and development |
|
| 29,122 |
| 1,665 |
| 30,787 |
| 44,309 |
| 1,913 |
| 46,222 | |||||
Selling, general and administrative |
|
| 25,872 |
| 4,508 |
| 30,380 |
| 26,685 |
| 5,511 |
| 32,196 | |||||
Acquired in-process research and development | — | — | — | 3,272 | — | 3,272 | ||||||||||||
Other operating expenses | 5,123 | — | 5,123 | 3,841 | — | 3,841 | ||||||||||||
Total expenses |
|
| 65,224 |
|
| 9,674 |
|
| 74,898 |
|
| 84,215 |
|
| 11,165 |
|
| 95,380 |
Operating loss |
| $ | (42,205) | $ | (2,030) | (44,235) | $ | (55,516) | $ | (1,948) | (57,464) | |||||||
Other income (expense): | ||||||||||||||||||
Interest expense | (9,863) | (8,786) | ||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency loss | (2,073) | (1,248) | ||||||||||||||||
Other income | 192 | 101 | ||||||||||||||||
Other income (expense), net | (11,744) | (9,933) | ||||||||||||||||
Loss before income taxes | (55,979) | (67,397) | ||||||||||||||||
Income tax benefit | (35) | (13) | ||||||||||||||||
Net loss | $ | (56,014) | $ | (67,410) |
Product revenue. Total product revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2022 decreased compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to fewer diagnoses and fewer patient starts in the US, primarily caused by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic as there have been fewer patients going to in-person office visits as oncology practices and patients continue to adapt to the impact of the virus and competition from other products on the market, including
41
the impact on second-line maintenance that may result from an increase in first-line maintenance treatment of ovarian cancer.
US product revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2022 decreased $5.7 million compared to the same period in the prior year and ex-US product revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2022 decreased $1.6 million compared to the same period in the prior year.
Product revenue is recorded net of variable considerations comprised of rebates, chargebacks, and other discounts. Product revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2022 was $23.0 million in the United States and $7.6 million outside of the United States. Total variable considerations increased during the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021 at 29.4% and 27.0% of the transaction price, respectively.
External cost of sales – product. Product cost of sales for the three months ended September 30, 2022 decreased compared to the same period in the prior year. Product cost of sales primarily relate to manufacturing, freight and royalties costs associated with Rubraca sales in the period.
US product cost of sales for the three months ended September 30, 2022 decreased $1.0 million compared to the same period in the prior year due to the decrease in product revenue.
Ex-US product cost of sales for the three months ended September 30, 2022 decreased $0.2 million compared to the same period in the prior year due to the decrease in product revenue.
Cost of sales – intangible asset amortization. In the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, we recognized cost of sales of $1.3 million associated with the amortization of capitalized milestone payments related to the approvals of Rubraca by the FDA and the European Commission.
Research and development expenses. Except for activities related to medical research and disease education, research and development expenses are attributable to our US segment. Research and development expenses decreased during the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to lower research and development costs for Rubraca. The decrease related to our TRITON studies for prostate cancer and our ARIEL4 and ATHENA studies for ovarian cancer.
Selling, general and administrative expenses. Selling, general, and administrative expenses decreased for the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to a $1.1 million decrease in share-based compensation expense.
Acquired in-process research and development. In September 2021, we made a $3.3 million milestone payment to 3BP under the license and collaboration agreement.
Other operating expenses. During the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, we recognized other operating expenses related to our production train at Lonza. We expect these expenses to remain consistent during the remainder of 2022 due to our fixed facility fee each quarter since we expect to have sufficient inventory and do not plan to produce inventory at Lonza during the remainder of 2022.
For the three months ended September 30, 2022, we recognized $1.5 million related to an increase in our allowance for excess inventory. We analyzed our current inventory levels for excess quantities and obsolescence (expiration) and considered historical and anticipated future sales compared to quantities on hand and the remaining shelf-life of Rubraca. After considering these factors, we determined that $1.5 million of finished goods is likely to expire before we can sell them.
Interest expense. Interest expense increased during the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to interest expense under our financing agreement related to our ATHENA trial.
Foreign currency loss. Foreign currency loss increased during the three months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the same period in the prior year due to transactions with vendors where payments were made in currencies other than the US dollar.
42
Comparison of Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):
Nine months ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||
|
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| US |
| ex-US |
| Total |
| US |
| ex-US |
| Total | |||||||
Transaction price | $ | 89,138 | $ | 47,349 | $ | 136,487 | $ | 111,257 | $ | 43,413 | $ | 154,670 | ||||||
Sales deductions: | ||||||||||||||||||
Government rebates and chargebacks | (11,168) | (18,439) | (29,607) | (13,930) | (16,514) | (30,444) | ||||||||||||
Discounts and fees | (7,708) | (2,120) | (9,828) | (9,247) | (2,190) | (11,437) | ||||||||||||
Total sales deductions | (18,876) | (20,559) | (39,435) | (23,177) | (18,704) | (41,881) | ||||||||||||
Product revenue | 70,262 | 26,790 | 97,052 | 88,080 | 24,709 | 112,789 | ||||||||||||
Operating expenses: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||||
Cost of sales - product |
| 13,782 |
| 9,425 |
| 23,207 |
| 17,047 |
| 8,021 |
| 25,068 | ||||||
Cost of sales - intangible asset amortization |
| 1,861 |
| 2,168 |
| 4,029 |
| 1,860 |
| 2,168 |
| 4,028 | ||||||
Research and development |
|
| 103,996 |
| 5,467 |
| 109,463 |
| 138,913 |
| 5,873 |
| 144,786 | |||||
Selling, general and administrative |
|
| 76,365 |
| 15,818 |
| 92,183 |
| 77,357 |
| 17,698 |
| 95,055 | |||||
Acquired in-process research and development | — | — | — | 5,477 | — | 5,477 | ||||||||||||
Other operating expenses | 22,146 | — | 22,146 | 11,431 | — | 11,431 | ||||||||||||
Total expenses |
|
| 218,150 |
|
| 32,878 |
|
| 251,028 |
|
| 252,085 |
|
| 33,760 |
|
| 285,845 |
Operating loss |
| (147,888) | (6,088) | (153,976) | (164,005) | (9,051) | (173,056) | |||||||||||
Other income (expense): | ||||||||||||||||||
Interest expense | (28,637) | (25,593) | ||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency loss | (5,540) | (2,001) | ||||||||||||||||
Other income | 511 | 392 | ||||||||||||||||
Other income (expense), net | (33,666) | (27,202) | ||||||||||||||||
Loss before income taxes | (187,642) | (200,258) | ||||||||||||||||
Income tax benefit | 127 | 125 | ||||||||||||||||
Net loss | $ | (187,515) | $ | (200,133) |
Product Revenue. Total product revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 decreased compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to fewer diagnoses and fewer patient starts in the US, primarily caused by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic as there have been fewer patients going to in-person office visits as oncology practices and patients continue to adapt to the impact of the virus and competition from other products on the market, including the impact on second-line maintenance that may result from an increase in first-line maintenance treatment of ovarian cancer.
US product revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 decreased $17.8 million compared to the same period in the prior year while ex-US product revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 increased $2.1 million compared to the same period in the prior year.
Product revenue is recorded net of variable considerations comprised of rebates, chargebacks, and other discounts. Product revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $70.3 million in the United States and $26.8 million outside of the United States. Total variable considerations increased during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 at 28.9% and 27.1% of the transaction price, respectively.
Cost of Sales – Product. Product cost of sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 decreased primarily due to the decrease in product revenue. Product cost of sales primarily relate to manufacturing, freight and royalties costs associated with Rubraca sales in the period.
US product cost of sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 decreased $3.3 million compared to the same period in the prior year due to the decrease in product revenue.
Ex-US product cost of sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 increased $1.4 million compared to the same period in the prior year due to the increase in product revenue
Cost of Sales – Intangible Asset Amortization. In the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, we recognized cost of sales of $4.0 million associated with the amortization of capitalized milestone payments related to the approvals of Rubraca by the FDA and the European Commission.
43
Research and Development Expenses. Except for activities related to medical research and disease education, research and development expenses are attributable to our US segment. Research and development expenses decreased during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to lower research and development costs for Rubraca. The decrease related to our TRITON studies for prostate cancer and our ARIEL4 and ATHENA studies for ovarian cancer.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. Selling, general, and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 decreased $2.9 million compared to the same period in the prior year, which primarily related to decreases in personnel and marketing costs, partially offset by an increase in legal fees. $1.0 million decrease related to our US segment while $1.9 million related to our ex-US segment.
Acquired in-process research and development. In April 2021, we made a milestone payment to 3BP under the license and collaboration agreement of $2.2 million as a result of the FDA’s acceptance of the IND for the treatment agent. In September 2021, we made a $3.3 million milestone payment to 3BP under the license and collaboration agreement.
Other Operating Expenses. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, we recognized other operating expenses related to our dedicated production train at Lonza. We expect these expenses to remain consistent during the remainder of 2022 due to our fixed facility fee each quarter since we expect to have sufficient inventory and do not plan to produce inventory at Lonza during the remainder of 2022.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we recognized $11.2 million related to an increase in our allowance for excess inventory. We analyzed our current inventory levels for excess quantities and obsolescence (expiration) and considered historical and anticipated future sales compared to quantities on hand and the remaining shelf-life of Rubraca. After considering these factors, we determined that $11.1 million of finished goods is likely to expire before we can sell them.
As discussed in Note 14, Commitments and Contingencies, we amended this agreement in June 2021, resulting in the derecognition of the lease components recognized under the original agreement. The derecognition of the lease components, payment of $1.1 million to Lonza and derecognition of fixed assets related to our Lonza production train resulted in a loss of $0.3 million, which is included in other operating expenses. Lonza is guaranteeing a minimum percentage usage of this production train for third parties and Lonza would reduce our fixed facility fee starting in 2023 based on this minimum percentage usage. If Lonza is able to utilize greater than the minimum guaranteed percentage, it will increase the reduction to our fixed facility fee.
Interest Expense. Interest expense increased during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the same period in the prior year due to a $4.8 million increase in interest expense under our financing agreement related to our ATHENA trial partially offset by $1.2 million decrease in interest expenses related to our convertible senior notes.
Foreign currency loss. Foreign currency loss increased during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to the same period in the prior year due to transactions with vendors where payments were made in currencies other than the US dollar.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Going Concern and Management Plans
We require significant cash resources to execute our business plans. Based on our current cash and cash equivalents, together with current estimates for revenues to be generated by sales of Rubraca, we will not have sufficient liquidity to maintain our operations beyond January 2023. Given the recent regulatory developments that may have significant impact on current revenues and the commercial potential of Rubraca and the continuing challenges we face in raising additional capital, including as a result of the uncertain market potential of Rubraca, a potential bankruptcy filing in the very near term looks increasingly probable as a way to preserve the value of our business and assets for the benefit of our stakeholders, as further described below, though we continue to evaluate our strategic options and continue to discuss in and out of bankruptcy financing options with our creditors and other parties.
We have incurred significant net losses since inception and have relied, almost entirely, on debt and equity financings to fund our operations. We expect operating losses and negative cash flows to continue for the foreseeable
44
future even with Rubraca generating revenues. Rubraca revenues have not been consistent in prior quarters and have been trending downward during the past two years, initially as a result of the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on patient visits and diagnoses, but more recently primarily as a result of competition from other products on the market, including the impact on second-line maintenance that may result from an increase in first-line maintenance treatment of ovarian cancer (indications for which competing products are approved).
Moreover, over the past few months, a new focus by the FDA and the EMA on mature OS data for drugs previously approved based on achieving PFS as a primary endpoint has led to withdrawals of certain later line indications in ovarian cancer for Rubraca and each of the other PARP inhibitors on the market with a later line treatment indication in ovarian cancer. In addition, FDA had scheduled an ODAC meeting in November 2022 to review another PARP-inhibitor, Zejula (niraparib) (GSK), to seek advice on whether its second-line maintenance indication in ovarian cancer should be withdrawn from the labeling on the basis of the final OS data from the trial that supported approval for Zejula in that indication. In late October 2022, the FDA cancelled that ODAC meeting, indicating that it was no longer necessary. While neither the FDA nor GSK have publicly stated the reason for cancelation of the meeting, if the outcome of discussions between the FDA and GSK is a withdrawal or narrowing of that indication, we cannot assure you that the FDA would not seek to similarly limit our second line maintenance indication in ovarian cancer. As a substantial portion of our Rubraca revenue is attributable to that indication, we would expect that a limiting of our second line maintenance indication could result in a significant impact on our revenue, although the timing and magnitude of such impact is not currently ascertainable. This focus by the FDA on OS data has created uncertainty with respect to the timing, likelihood and scope of an approval for the sNDA we filed with the FDA, and may result in uncertainty with respect to the Type II variation we filed with the EMA, for first-line maintenance treatment indication in ovarian cancer, which we had been planning on to finally level the competitive landscape with our two competitors that have existing and established labels in the first-line maintenance treatment indication setting.
This new regulatory framework has created an uncertain commercial landscape for Rubraca (and to a certain extent, other PARP inhibitors) and has impacted the perceived market opportunity and revenue potential for Rubraca (and to a certain extent, other PARP inhibitors).
We require significant cash resources to execute our business plans, and our revenues are a significant portion of those cash resources. Based on our current cash and cash equivalents, together with current estimates for revenues to be generated by sales of Rubraca, we must raise additional capital in the near term in order to fund our operating plan and to continue as a going concern beyond January 2023.
It appears increasingly unlikely that additional funding will be available on acceptable terms or at all outside of a Chapter 11 bankruptcy process. Our ability to raise capital is severely limited. We have not been able to access the equity capital markets that we have traditionally relied on in sufficient amount to fund our operating plan given our low stock price over the past six months and the generally unfavorable market conditions, particularly in the biopharma sector. Also, we only have a small number of unissued shares of common stock that we are authorized to issue, and once again this year our stockholders did not approve an amendment to our certificate of incorporation to increase our authorized capital stock. Given our current circumstances, it is highly unlikely that we will be able to access our previously established “at-the-market” offering program (“ATM Program”) in the near future.
In light of our inability to raise sufficient capital through equity offerings (or offerings of securities convertible into equity securities), we are considering other sources of funding, potentially through incurring further indebtedness or entering into strategic partnerships or licensing arrangements for one or more of our products or product candidates in which we may have to give up certain of our future commercialization or other rights to obtain interim funding. During the past quarter, we advanced our previously announced efforts to explore our strategic options, including identifying potential partners and/or purchasers for our products and development programs. We are in active discussions on a potential sub-licensing arrangement for Rubraca outside the US, but the regulatory uncertainty around our ability to obtain a more competitive label for Rubraca has made it more difficult to reach agreement on financial terms and on timing of a transaction. Additionally, we are also in active discussions for a sale of our license rights to FAP-2286, for which we seek consideration such as an upfront payment and additional payments in the form of milestones and research and development support. However, we expect that a significant portion of the consideration in both transactions would be contingent on future events. No assurances can be made that we will be successful in reaching agreement or entering into such potential transactions, or that if we do enter into a definitive agreement, that the timing and amounts of such payments, including contingent payments, would be sufficient to meet our liquidity needs in the absence of other sources
45
of funding. These discussions have also been hampered by concerns raised by these potential partners and purchasers about our liquidity position and ability to continue as a going concern.
During the past quarter, we have also continued to aggressively manage our expenses. We implemented a workforce reduction in the US on November 7, 2022 consisting of 115 employees, which we anticipate will yield annual cost savings of approximately $29 million per year (excluding one-time severance costs of $4.0 million related to such terminations), but the full impact of those cost savings will not be realized until 2023. We have also reduced discretionary selling, general, and administrative and research and development expenses. We have engaged financial, restructuring, and legal advisors to assist us in, among other things, analyzing various strategic alternatives to address our liquidity and capital structure.
During the quarter, we also engaged in further discussions and negotiations with certain of our existing creditors, lenders and vendors to defer certain of our obligations and/or to loan us additional funds to bridge our cash requirements until we can reach definitive agreements on our partnering and sale of assets transactions and potentially to a further point until we have greater clarity from the FDA and EMA on the potential to receive approval for first-line maintenance treatment for Rubraca in the second quarter of 2023. However, we have not been able to reach agreement on such additional financing on terms that we view as reasonable and preserves the value of our assets and business for the benefit of all our relevant stakeholders. We did however elect to not make the interest payment in the amount of $1.9 million in respect of our 1.25% Convertible Senior Notes due 2025 that was due on November 1, 2022. Under the indenture governing these notes, we have a 30-day grace period from the due date to make this interest payment before such nonpayment constitutes an “event of default” under the indenture with respect to such notes. We have chosen to enter this grace period as we continue our discussions with certain creditors in connection with our evaluation of strategic alternatives. Separately, we are in discussions with Pfizer, Inc. to defer certain royalty payments due under our in-license agreement in respect of sales of Rubraca during the quarter ended September 30, 2022 in the amount of $4.3 million and the quarter ending December 31, 2022 until March 31, 2023, plus interest thereon from the date such payments would otherwise be payable under the license agreement until actually paid.
The aforementioned factors, which are largely outside of our control, raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern in the near term, and certainly within one year from the date of filing of this quarterly report. Given the concerns about our long term viability raised by our partners and potential purchasers of our assets and the high cost and what we view as unreasonable terms of the additional debt financing that may be available to us, a Chapter 11 bankruptcy filing in the very near term, while we have sufficient cash on hand and/or access to debtor in possession financing to be able to implement an orderly restructuring of our liabilities and/or a sale of our assets through a court supervised process, looks increasingly probable. We also believe, however, that such a path may be the best way to preserve the value of our business and assets for the benefit of our stakeholders. Such a filing would subject us to risks and uncertainties associated with bankruptcy proceedings, and may place holders of our common stock at significant risk of losing all of their investment in our shares. However, together with our financial and restructuring advisors, we continue to evaluate our strategic options and continue to discuss in and out of bankruptcy financing options with our creditors and other parties.
Sources and Uses of Cash
The following table sets forth the primary sources and uses of cash for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):
|
| Nine months ended September 30, |
| ||||
|
| 2022 |
| 2021 |
| ||
|
|
| |||||
Net cash used in operating activities |
| $ | (134,232) | $ | (154,714) |
| |
Net cash used in investing activities |
|
| (197) |
| (243) |
| |
Net cash provided by financing activities |
|
| 53,179 |
| 86,990 |
| |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents |
|
| (3,858) |
| (313) |
| |
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents |
| $ | (85,108) | $ | (68,280) |
|
Operating Activities
Net cash used in operating activities was lower during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the same period in the prior year due to a non-cash item of $11.2 million related to an increase in our allowance for excess inventory. We analyzed our current inventory levels for excess quantities and obsolescence (expiration) and considered
46
historical and anticipated future sales compared to quantities on hand and the remaining shelf-life of Rubraca. After considering these factors, we determined that $11.2 million of finished goods is likely to expire before we can sell them. There were also changes to components of working capital related to accounts receivable, inventory, prepaid and accrued research and development expenses, other operating assets and liabilities, and accounts payable.
Investing Activities
There were no significant investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.
Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 included $28.6 million net proceeds resulting from our “at the market” offerings that occurred during January through March 2022 and $24.2 million proceeds from borrowings under our financing agreement related to our ATHENA trial.
Net cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 included $114.0 million net proceeds resulting from our “at the market” offerings that occurred during May, June, August, and September 2021 and $37.7 million proceeds from borrowings under our financing agreement related to our ATHENA trial, partially offset by a $64.4 million payment of our 2.50% convertible senior notes.
On May 17, 2021, we entered into a distribution agreement (the “Distribution Agreement”) with J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and BofA Securities, Inc., as agents (the “Agents”), pursuant to which we may offer and sell, from time to time, through the Agents, shares of our common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $75.0 million in transactions that are deemed to be “at the market” offerings as defined in Rule 415(a)(4) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, including sales made by means of ordinary brokers’ transactions, including directly on the Nasdaq Global Select Market or into any other existing trading market for the shares, or sales made to or through a market maker, in block transactions or by any other method permitted by law, including negotiated transactions. Sales may be made at market prices prevailing at the time of a sale or at prices related to prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices. During the period between May 18, 2021 and June 9, 2021, we sold an aggregate of 13,492,231 shares of our common stock under the Distribution Agreement resulting in gross proceeds of $75.0 million and net proceeds to us of $72.5 million, after deducting commissions and offering expenses, effectively closing out sales we may make pursuant to the Distribution Agreement.
The issuance and sale of the shares under the Distribution Agreement were be made pursuant to our effective registration statement on Form S-3 filed with the US Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on February 25, 2021 (File No. 333-253485) as amended by pre-effective Amendment No. 1 thereto filed with the SEC on May 5, 2021. The offering is described in the Company’s prospectus dated May 7, 2021, as supplemented by a prospectus supplement dated May 17, 2021, as filed with the SEC on May 17, 2021. We have used and intend to use the net proceeds of this offering for general corporate purposes, including funding of our development programs, sales and marketing expenses associated with Rubraca, repayment, repurchase or refinance of our debt obligations, payment of milestones pursuant to our license agreements, general and administrative expenses, acquisition or licensing of additional product candidates or businesses and working capital.
On August 16, 2021, we entered into a distribution agreement (the “August Distribution Agreement”) with the Agents, pursuant to which we may offer and sell, from time to time, through the Agents, shares of our common stock, having an aggregate offering price of up to $125.0 million in transactions that are deemed to be “at the market” offerings as defined in Rule 415(a)(4) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, including sales made by means of ordinary brokers’ transactions, including directly on the Nasdaq Global Select Market or into any other existing trading market for the shares, or sales made to or through a market maker, in block transactions or by any other method permitted by law, including privately negotiated transactions. Sales may be made at market prices prevailing at the time of a sale or at prices related to prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices. During the period between August 17, 2021 and September 15, 2021, we sold an aggregate of 9,379,976 shares of our common stock under the August Distribution Agreement resulting in gross proceeds of $43.0 million and net proceeds to us of $41.5 million, after deducting commissions and offering expenses. During the period between November 5, 2021 and November 16, 2021, we sold an aggregate of 731,292 shares of our common stock resulting in gross proceeds of $3.1 million and net proceeds to us of $3.0 million, after deducting commissions and offering expenses. During the period between January 18, 2022 and
47
March 3, 2022, we sold an aggregate of 13,870,410 shares of our common stock resulting in gross proceeds of $29.8 million and net proceeds to us of $28.6 million, after deducting commissions and offering expenses.
The issuance and sale of the shares under the August Distribution Agreement will be made pursuant to our effective registration statement on Form S-3 filed with the SEC on February 25, 2021 (File No. 333-253485) as amended by pre-effective Amendment No. 1 thereto filed with the SEC on May 5, 2021. The offering is described in the Company’s prospectus dated May 7, 2021, as supplemented by a prospectus supplement dated August 16, 2021, as filed with the SEC on August 16, 2021. We have used and intend to use the net proceeds of this offering for general corporate purposes, including funding of our development programs, sales and marketing expenses associated with Rubraca, repayment, repurchase or refinance of our debt obligations, payment of milestones pursuant to our license agreements, general and administrative expenses, acquisition or licensing of additional product candidates or businesses and working capital.
Cash Requirements
We expect to incur significant losses for the foreseeable future, as we commercialize Rubraca and expand our selling, general and administrative functions to support the growth in our commercial organization.
As of September 30, 2022, we had cash and cash equivalents totaling $58.3 million and total current liabilities of $747.9 million.
Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with research, development, and commercialization of pharmaceutical products, it is difficult to estimate the exact amounts of our working capital requirements. Our future funding requirements will depend on many factors, including but not limited to:
● | current regulatory uncertainty regarding our current Rubraca ovarian indication and the potential for a label expansion into front-line maintenance; |
● | revenues from the sale of our Rubraca product; |
● | the number and characteristics of the product candidates, companion diagnostics and indications we pursue; |
● | the achievement of various development, regulatory and commercial milestones resulting in required payments to partners pursuant to the terms of our license agreements; |
● | the scope, progress, results, and costs of researching and developing our product candidates and related companion diagnostics and conducting clinical and non-clinical trials; |
● | the timing of, and the costs involved in, obtaining regulatory approvals for our product candidates and companion diagnostics; |
● | the cost of commercialization activities, including marketing and distribution costs; |
● | the cost of manufacturing any of our product candidates we successfully commercialize; |
● | the costs involved in preparing, filing, prosecuting, maintaining, defending, and enforcing patent claims, including litigation costs and outcome of such litigation; and |
● | the timing, receipt and amount of sales, if any, of our product candidates. |
For a discussion of our contractual obligations, see “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K. For further information regarding our contractual obligations and commitments, see Note 14, Commitments and Contingencies to our unaudited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report.
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic
Our ability to generate product revenue for the quarter ended September 30, 2022 continued to be negatively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, primarily due to the ongoing effect the pandemic has had on oncology treatment and practice, and in particular, the reduction in ovarian cancer diagnoses and fewer patient starts in the US in previous quarters as a result of COVID has continued to impact second-line maintenance treatment and increasingly, competition from other products on the market, including the impact on second-line maintenance that may result from an increase in first-line maintenance treatment of ovarian cancer. While it does appear that ovarian cancer diagnoses are reverting to pre-COVID levels, the effect of this increase is almost wholly observed on front-line treatments and will not likely impact the second-line indications for several quarters. In addition, we believe that the adoption of PARP inhibitors in the front-line setting is impacting the use of PARP inhibitors in the second-line setting in the US. As recently reported by a competitor, ovarian cancer diagnoses are down approximately 29% from pre-pandemic levels and in the fourth quarter
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of 2021, new patient starts for PARP inhibitors across all indications were down 19% compared to the first quarter of 2021 and down 26% compared to the first quarter of 2020. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, our US and European sales forces have had physical access to hospitals, clinics, doctors, and pharmacies curtailed and/or have been limited. Our European launches occurred in an environment in which our field-based personnel were not allowed to visit hospitals beginning as early as late February 2020. Similarly, we launched Rubraca for prostate cancer in the US beginning in May 2020, but our physical access to hospital, clinics, doctors, and pharmacies remains limited. It is difficult to discern or predict any trend in new patient starts due to the unpredictability of the COVID-19 situation and the changing competitive landscape.
The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated a preference by oncology practices for more digital programming, including digital, peer-to-peer interactions and reduced in-person promotion. In order to meet these changing preferences, we adopted a hybrid commercial strategy combining increased digital promotion activities, greater online resources, and more peer-to-peer interactions with reduced and more targeted in-person promotion. New tools and performance indicators based on this hybrid approach were rolled out during the fourth quarter of 2020. We adopted this strategy in order to better reach customers in the way they want to be reached with the goal of returning to growth, especially as the ongoing impact of COVID-19 is reduced.
We did not see material disruption to our clinical trials as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. However, we may see disruption during the remainder of 2022. For example, new patient recruitment in certain clinical studies may be affected and the conduct of clinical trials may vary by geography as some regions are more adversely affected. Additionally, we may slow or delay enrollment in certain trials to manage expenses. We believe that we have sufficient supply of Rubraca and our product candidates to continue our commercial and clinical operations as planned.
On March 18, 2020, the Families First Coronavirus Response Act (“FFCR Act”), and on March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act were each enacted in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The FFCR Act and the CARES Act contain numerous income tax provisions, such as relaxing limitations on the deductibility of interest and the use of net operating losses arising in taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017. On March 11, 2021, President Biden signed an additional coronavirus relief package entitled the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (“ARPA”), which included, among other things, provisions relating to stimulus payments to some Americans, extension of several CARES Act relief programs, expansion of the child tax credit, funding for vaccinations and other COVID-19 related assistance programs. The CARES Act, FFCR Act, and the ARPA have not had a material impact on the Company; however, we will continue to examine the impacts that these Acts, as well as any future economic relief legislation, may have on our business.
The trading prices for our common stock and of other biopharmaceutical companies have been highly volatile as a result of the coronavirus pandemic. As a result of this volatility and uncertainties regarding future impact of COVID-19 on our business and operations, we may face difficulties raising capital or may only be able to raise capital on unfavorable terms.
ITEM 3. | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK |
We are exposed to market risk related to changes in interest rates. As of September 30, 2022, we had cash and cash equivalents of $58.3 million, consisting of bank demand deposits, money market funds and US treasury securities. The primary objectives of our investment policy are to preserve principal and maintain proper liquidity to meet operating needs. Our investment policy specifies credit quality standards for our investments and limits the amount of credit exposure to any single issue, issuer, or type of investment. Our primary exposure to market risk is interest rate sensitivity, which is affected by changes in the general level of US interest rates, particularly because our investments are in short-term securities. Due to the short-term duration of our investment portfolio and the low risk profile of our investments, an immediate 100 basis point change in interest rates would not have a material effect on the fair value of our portfolio.
We contract with contract research organizations, investigative sites, and contract manufacturers globally where payments are made in currencies other than the US dollar. In addition, on October 3, 2016, we entered into a Manufacturing and Services Agreement with a Lonza, a Swiss company, for the long-term manufacture and supply of the API for Rubraca. Under the terms of this agreement, payments for the supply of the active ingredient in Rubraca as well as scheduled capital program fee payment toward capital equipment and other costs associated with the construction of a production train were made in Swiss Francs. Once the production train became operational in October 2018, we
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were obligated to pay a fixed facility fee each quarter for the duration of the agreement, which expires on December 31, 2025. As discussed in Note 14, Commitments and Contingencies, we amended this agreement in June 2021, resulting in the derecognition of the lease components recognized under the original agreement.
As of September 30, 2022, $31.3 million of purchase commitments exist under the Manufacturing and Services Agreement, which includes the fixed facility fee noted above, and we are required to remit amounts due in Swiss Francs. Due to other variables that may exist, it is difficult to quantify the impact of a particular change in exchange rates. However, we estimate that if the value of the US dollar were to strengthen by 10% compared to the value of Swiss Franc as of September 30, 2022, it would decrease the total US dollar purchase commitment under the Manufacturing and Services Agreement by $2.8 million. Similarly, a 10% weakening of the US dollar compared to the Swiss franc would increase the total US dollar purchase commitment by $3.5 million.
While we periodically hold foreign currencies, primarily Euro, Swiss Franc, and Pound Sterling, we do not use other financial instruments to hedge our foreign exchange risk. Transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are recorded based on exchange rates at the time such transactions arise. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, approximately 4% of our total liabilities were denominated in currencies other than the functional currency.
ITEM 4. | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES |
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. Any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objective. With the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, management performed an evaluation as of September 30, 2022 of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of September 30, 2022, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended September 30, 2022 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1.LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
See Note 14, Commitments and Contingencies.
ITEM 1A. | RISK FACTORS |
Our business faces significant risks and uncertainties. Certain factors may have a material adverse effect on our business prospects, financial condition, and results of operations, and you should carefully consider them. Accordingly, in evaluating our business, we encourage you to consider the risk factors described under the heading “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, in addition to other information contained in or incorporated by reference into this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our other public filings with the SEC. Other events that we do not currently anticipate or that we currently deem immaterial may also affect our business, prospects, financial condition, and results of operations.
There were no material changes to the risk factors included in our previously filed Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.
ITEM 2. | UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS |
None.
ITEM 3. | DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES |
None.
ITEM 4. | MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES |
Not Applicable.
ITEM 5. | OTHER INFORMATION |
On November 7, 2022, Gillian Ivers-Read, our Executive Vice President and Chief Regulatory Officer, notified us that she intends to retire effective November 15, 2022. The Company is currently reviewing whether it will undertake a search to identify a new chief regulatory officer to succeed Ms. Ivers-Read. In the interim, Ms. Ivers-Read’s responsibilities will, in large part, be assumed by Dr. Lindsey Rolfe, our Chief Medical Officer, and Mr. Paul Gross, our General Counsel.
ITEM 6. | EXHIBITS |
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
Exhibit | |
Number | Exhibit Description |
3.1(28) | Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Clovis Oncology, Inc. |
3.2(17) | |
3.3(5) | |
3.4(20) | Amendment No. 1 to the Amended and Restated Bylaws of Clovis Oncology, Inc. |
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4.1(3) | |
4.2(13) | |
4.3(13) | |
4.4(18) | |
4.5(19) | |
4.6(22) | |
10.1*(4) | License Agreement, dated as of June 2, 2011, by and between Clovis Oncology, Inc. and Pfizer Inc. |
10.2+(1) | |
10.3+(4) | |
10.4+(26) | Clovis Oncology, Inc. Amended and Restated 2020 Stock Incentive Plan. |
10.5+(1) | Form of Clovis Oncology, Inc. 2009 Equity Incentive Plan Stock Option Agreement. |
10.6+(4) | Form of Clovis Oncology, Inc. 2011 Stock Incentive Plan Stock Option Agreement. |
10.7+(21) | Form of Clovis Oncology, Inc. 2020 Stock Incentive Plan Option Agreement. |
10.8+(21) | Form of Clovis Oncology, Inc. 2020 Stock Incentive Plan Restricted Stock Unit Agreement. |
10.9+(3) | |
10.10+(3) | |
10.11+(1) | |
10.12+(1) | |
10.13+(1) | |
10.14+(1) | |
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10.15+(1) | |
10.16+(1) | |
10.17+(1) | |
10.18+(1) | |
10.19+(4) | |
10.20+(2) | |
10.21+(2) | |
10.22(6) | |
10.23*(6) | |
10.24+(9) | |
10.25+(15) | |
10.26+(7) | |
10.27+(12) | |
10.28*(8) | |
10.29+(10) | Form of Clovis Oncology, Inc. 2011 Stock Incentive Plan RSU Agreement. |
10.30*(10) | |
10.31*(11) | |
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10.32+(14) | |
10.33+(14) | |
10.34+(15) | Employment Agreement, dated as of July 6, 2017, by and between Clovis Oncology, Inc. and Paul Gross. |
10.35+(15) | |
10.36(16) | |
10.37(16) | |
10.38#(23) | |
10.39+(24) | |
10.40+(24) | |
10.41+(25) | |
10.42+(26) | |
21.1(27) | |
31.1 | |
31.2 | |
32.1 | |
32.2 | |
101 | The following materials from Clovis Oncology, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2022 formatted in Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language (“iXBRL”): (i) the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss, (ii) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit), (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (v) Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements. |
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104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101). |
(1) | Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-175080) on June 23, 2011. |
(2) | Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35347) on June 14, 2013. |
(3) | Filed as an exhibit with Amendment No. 2 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-175080) on August 31, 2011. |
(4) | Filed as an exhibit with Amendment No. 3 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-175080) on October 31, 2011. |
(5) | Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K on March 15, 2012. |
(6) | Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35347) on November 19, 2013. |
(7) | Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35347) on April 1, 2016. |
(8) | Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q on November 4, 2016. |
(9) | Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K on February 29, 2016. |
(10) | Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K on February 23, 2017. |
(11) | Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q on May 4, 2017. |
(12) | Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35347) on July 7, 2017. |
(13) | Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35347) on April 19, 2018. |
(14) | Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35347) on October 12, 2018. |
(15) | Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K on February 28, 2019. |
(16) | Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35347) on May 2, 2019. |
(17) | Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35347) on June 6, 2019. |
(18) | Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35347) on August 13, 2019. |
(19) | Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K on February 26, 2020. |
(20) | Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35347) on April 16, 2020. |
(21) | Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35347) on June 4, 2020. |
(22) | Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35347) on November 17, 2020. |
(23) | Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 001-35347) on February 25, 2021. |
(24) | Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q on May 5, 2021. |
(25) | Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35347) on July 13, 2021. |
(26) | Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q on August 4, 2021. |
(27) | Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q on November 3, 2021. |
(28) | Filed as an exhibit with the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-35347) on June 9, 2022. |
+ Indicates management contract or compensatory plan.
* Confidential treatment has been granted with respect to portions of this exhibit, which portions have been omitted and filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
# Confidential portions of this Exhibit were redacted pursuant to Item 601(b)(10) of Regulation S-K and Clovis
Oncology, Inc. agrees to furnish supplementary to the Securities and Exchange Commission a copy of any redacted information or omitted schedule and/or exhibit upon request.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Date: November 9, 2022 | CLOVIS ONCOLOGY, INC. | ||
| By: |
| /s/ PATRICK J. MAHAFFY |
| Patrick J. Mahaffy | ||
| President and Chief Executive Officer | ||
| By: |
| /s/ DANIEL W. MUEHL |
| Daniel W. Muehl | ||
| Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer |
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