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Share-Based Compensation (Tables)
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2018
Share-based Compensation [Abstract]  
Share-Based Compensation Expense
The expense recognized for the three and six months ended June 30 was as follows:
 
Three months ended
 
Six months ended
In millions
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Stock options
$
5.7

 
$
4.0

 
$
18.0

 
$
12.7

RSUs
8.7

 
6.6

 
22.0

 
16.9

Performance shares
6.9

 
6.8

 
11.3

 
11.2

Other
1.2

 
1.7

 
2.0

 
3.1

Pre-tax expense
22.5

 
19.1

 
53.3

 
43.9

Tax benefit
(5.5
)
 
(7.3
)
 
(13.0
)
 
(16.8
)
After-tax expense
$
17.0

 
$
11.8

 
$
40.3

 
$
27.1
Grants of Stock Options and RSUs
Grants issued during the six months ended June 30 were as follows:
 
2018
 
2017
 
Number
granted
 
Weighted-
average fair
value per award
 
Number
granted
 
Weighted-
average fair
value per award
Stock options
1,524,625

 
$
15.49

 
1,517,235

 
$
13.46

RSUs
317,073

 
$
89.69

 
335,743

 
$
80.36

Performance shares (1)
357,096

 
$
106.06

 
391,772

 
$
93.17
Average fair value of stock options, assumptions
The following assumptions were used during the six months ended June 30:
 
 
2018
 
2017
Dividend yield
 
2.00
%
 
2.00
%
Volatility
 
21.64
%
 
22.46
%
Risk-free rate of return
 
2.48
%
 
1.80
%
Expected life in years
 
4.8

 
4.8