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Share-Based Compensation (Tables)
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Share-based Compensation [Abstract]  
Share-Based Compensation Expense
The expense recognized for the three and nine months ended September 30 were as follows:
 
Three months ended
 
Nine months ended
In millions
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Stock options
$
3.6

 
$
3.3

 
$
16.3

 
$
14.7

RSUs
5.0

 
5.1

 
21.9

 
21.5

Performance shares
4.7

 
4.6

 
15.9

 
14.1

Other
0.7

 
1.2

 
3.8

 
3.9

Pre-tax expense
14.0

 
14.2

 
57.9

 
54.2

Tax benefit
(5.4
)
 
(5.4
)
 
(22.2
)
 
(20.7
)
After-tax expense
$
8.6

 
$
8.8

 
$
35.7

 
$
33.5
Grants of Stock Options and RSUs
Grants issued during the nine months ended September 30 were as follows:
 
2017
 
2016
 
Number
granted
 
Weighted-
average fair
value per award
 
Number
granted
 
Weighted-
average fair
value per award
Stock options
1,517,235

 
$
13.46

 
1,958,476

 
$
9.42

RSUs
353,255

 
$
80.68

 
485,351

 
$
51.25
Average fair value of stock options, assumptions
The following assumptions were used during the nine months ended September 30:
 
 
2017
 
2016
Dividend yield
 
2.00
%
 
2.55
%
Volatility
 
22.46
%
 
28.60
%
Risk-free rate of return
 
1.80
%
 
1.12
%
Expected life in years
 
P4Y9M20D


 
4.8