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Income Taxes
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2011
Income Tax Expense (Benefit) [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes
The provision for income taxes involves a significant amount of management judgment regarding interpretation of relevant facts and laws in the jurisdictions in which the Company operates. Future changes in applicable laws, projected levels of taxable income and tax planning could change the effective tax rate and tax balances recorded by the Company. In addition, tax authorities periodically review income tax returns filed by the Company and can raise issues regarding its filing positions, timing and amount of income or deductions, and the allocation of income among the jurisdictions in which the Company operates. A significant period of time may elapse between the filing of an income tax return and the ultimate resolution of an issue raised by a revenue authority with respect to that return. In the normal course of business the Company is subject to examination by taxing authorities throughout the world, including such major jurisdictions as Brazil, Canada, Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands and the United States. In general, the examination of the Company’s material tax returns is completed for the years prior to 2000, with certain matters being resolved through appeals and litigation.
On July 20, 2007, the Company received a notice from the IRS containing proposed adjustments to the Company’s tax filings in connection with an audit of the 2001 and 2002 tax years. The IRS did not contest the validity of the Company’s reincorporation in Bermuda. The most significant adjustments proposed by the IRS involve treating the entire intercompany debt incurred in connection with the Company’s reincorporation in Bermuda as equity. As a result of this recharacterization, the IRS disallowed the deduction of interest paid on the debt and imposed dividend withholding taxes on the payments denominated as interest. The IRS also asserted an alternative argument to be applied if the intercompany debt is respected as debt. In that circumstance, the IRS proposed to ignore the entities that hold the debt and to which the interest was paid and impose 30% withholding tax on a portion of the interest payments as if they were made directly to a company that was not eligible for reduced U.S. withholding tax under a U.S. income tax treaty. The IRS asserted under this alternative theory that the Company owes additional taxes with respect to 2002 of approximately $84 million plus interest. If either of these positions were upheld in their entirety the Company would be required to record additional charges. The Company strongly disagreed with the view of the IRS and filed a protest with the IRS in the third quarter of 2007.
On January 12, 2010, the Company received an amended notice from the IRS eliminating its assertion that the intercompany debt incurred in connection with the Company’s reincorporation in Bermuda should be treated as equity. However, the IRS continues to assert the alternative position described above and proposes adjustments to the Company’s 2001 and 2002 tax filings. In addition, the IRS provided notice on January 19, 2010, that it is assessing penalties of 30% on the asserted underpayment of tax described above.
The Company has and intends to continue to vigorously contest these proposed adjustments. The Company, in consultation with its outside advisors, carefully considered the form and substance of the Company’s intercompany financing arrangements including the actions necessary to qualify for the benefits of the applicable U.S. income tax treaties. The Company believes that these financing arrangements are in accordance with the laws of the relevant jurisdictions including the U.S., that the entities involved should be respected and that the interest payments qualify for the U.S. income tax treaty benefits claimed.
Although the outcome of this matter cannot be predicted with certainty, based upon an analysis of the strength of its position, the Company believes that it is adequately reserved for this matter. As the Company moves forward to resolve this matter with the IRS, it is reasonably possible that the reserves established may be adjusted within the next 12 months. However, the Company does not expect that the ultimate resolution will have a material adverse impact on its future results of operations or financial position. At this time, the IRS has not proposed any similar adjustments for years subsequent to 2002. However, if all or a portion of these adjustments proposed by the IRS are ultimately sustained, it is likely to also affect subsequent tax years.
The Company believes that it has adequately provided for any reasonably foreseeable resolution of any tax disputes, but will adjust its reserves if events so dictate in accordance with GAAP. To the extent that the ultimate results differ from the original or adjusted estimates of the Company, the effect will be recorded in the provision for income taxes.
Total unrecognized tax benefits as of June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010 were $553.2 million and $534.1 million, respectively.
As a result of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (the Act) signed into law on March 23, 2010 and the Healthcare and Education Reconciliation Bill of 2010 signed into law on March 30, 2010 (together with the Act, the Healthcare Reform Legislation), effective 2013, the tax benefits available to the Company will be reduced to the extent its prescription drug expenses are reimbursed under the Medicare Part D retiree drug subsidy program. Although the provisions of the Healthcare Reform Legislation relating to the retiree drug subsidy program do not take effect until 2013, the Company is required to recognize the full accounting impact in its financial statements in the reporting period in which the Healthcare Reform Legislation is enacted. As retiree healthcare liabilities and related tax impacts are already reflected in the Company’s financial statements, the Healthcare Reform Legislation resulted in a non-cash charge to income tax expense in the first quarter of 2010 of $40.5 million.
The Healthcare Reform Legislation contains provisions which could impact our accounting for income taxes in future periods. We will continue to assess the accounting implications of the Healthcare Reform Legislation. In addition, we may consider plan amendments in future periods that may have accounting implications.