FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS |
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Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS | FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date reflecting assumptions that a market participant would use when pricing an asset or liability. The hierarchy uses three levels of inputs to measure the fair value of assets and liabilities as follows: •Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities traded in active markets. •Level 2: Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1, including quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices in less active markets, or other observable inputs that can be corroborated by observable market data. •Level 3: Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. The Company used the following methods and significant assumptions to estimate the fair value of each type of financial instrument: Investment securities. The fair value of investment securities available for sale are determined by quoted market prices, if available (Level 1). For investment securities available for sale where quoted prices are not available, fair values are calculated based on market prices of similar securities (Level 2). For investment securities available for sale where quoted prices or market prices of similar securities are not available, fair values are calculated using discounted cash flows or other market indicators (Level 3). Securities classified as Level 3 are not actively traded, and as a result, fair value is determined utilizing third-party valuation services through consensus pricing. There were no transfers between Levels 1, 2 or 3 during the period presented for assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis. The fair value of equity securities is determined using quoted prices or market prices for similar securities (Level 2). Loans held for sale. The fair value of loans held for sale is determined using quoted prices for a similar asset, adjusted for specific attributes of that loan (Level 2). Derivative instruments. The fair value of derivative instruments are determined based on derivative valuation models using observable market data as of the measurement date (Level 2). Loan servicing rights. In accordance with GAAP, the Company records impairment charges on loan servicing rights on a non-recurring basis when the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value. The fair value of our servicing rights is estimated by using a cash flow valuation model which calculates the present value of estimated future net servicing cash flows, taking into consideration expected mortgage loan prepayment rates, discount rates, servicing costs, replacement reserves and other economic factors which are estimated based on current market conditions (Level 3). Mortgage servicing rights held for sale. Mortgage servicing rights held for sale consist of commercial FHA mortgage servicing rights that management has committed to a plan to sell and has the ability to sell them to a buyer in their present condition. Mortgage servicing rights held for sale are carried at the lower of their carrying value or fair value less estimated costs to sell (Level 2). Nonperforming loans. Nonperforming loans are measured and recorded at fair value on a non-recurring basis. All of our nonaccrual loans and restructured loans are considered nonperforming and are reviewed individually for the amount of impairment, if any. Most of our loans are collateral dependent and, accordingly, we measure nonperforming loans based on the estimated fair value of such collateral. In cases where the Company has an agreed upon selling price for the collateral, the fair value is set at the selling price (Level 1). The fair value of each loan’s collateral is generally based on estimated market prices from an independently prepared appraisal, which is then adjusted for the cost related to liquidating such collateral (Level 2). When adjustments are made to an appraised value to reflect various factors such as the age of the appraisal or known changes in the market or the collateral, such valuation inputs are considered unobservable (Level 3). The nonperforming loans categorized as Level 3 also include unsecured loans and other secured loans whose fair values are based significantly on unobservable inputs such as the strength of a guarantor, cash flows discounted at the effective loan rate, and management’s judgment. Other Real Estate Owned. OREO is initially recorded at fair value at the date of foreclosure less estimated costs of disposal, which establishes a new cost basis. After foreclosure, OREO is held for sale and is carried at the lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs of disposal. Fair value for OREO is based on an appraisal performed upon foreclosure. Property is evaluated regularly to ensure the recorded amount is supported by its fair value less estimated costs to dispose. After the initial foreclosure appraisal, fair value is generally determined by an annual appraisal unless known events warrant adjustments to the recorded value. Assets held for sale. Assets held for sale represent the fair value of the banking facilities that are expected to be sold. The fair value of the assets held for sale was based on estimated market prices from independently prepared current appraisals (Level 2). Assets and liabilities measured and recorded at fair value, including financial assets for which the Company has elected the fair value option, on a recurring and nonrecurring basis at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, are summarized below:
There were no assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. The following table presents losses recognized on assets measured on a nonrecurring basis for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:
The following tables present quantitative information about significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurements of Level 3 assets measured on a nonrecurring basis at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
(1)Unobservable inputs were weighted by the relative fair value of the instruments. ASC Topic 825, Financial Instruments, requires disclosure of the estimated fair value of certain financial instruments and the methods and significant assumptions used to estimate such fair values. Additionally, certain financial instruments and all nonfinancial instruments are excluded from the applicable disclosure requirements. The Company has elected the fair value option for newly originated residential loans held for sale. These loans are intended for sale and are hedged with derivative instruments. We have elected the fair value option to mitigate accounting mismatches in cases where hedge accounting is complex and to achieve operational simplification. The following table presents the difference between the aggregate fair value and the aggregate remaining principal balance for loans for which the fair value option has been elected as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
The following table presents the amount of gains (losses) from fair value changes included in income before income taxes for financial assets carried at fair value for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:
The carrying values and estimated fair value of certain financial instruments not carried at fair value at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were as follows:
The methods utilized to measure fair value of financial instruments at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 represent an approximation of exit price; however, an actual exit price may differ.
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