SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

Share Repurchase Program

On May 15, 2018, our shareholders approved the renewal and replacement of the share repurchase program previously approved by the shareholders on May 17, 2017. Under the program, we are authorized to purchase up to 4.3 million shares of our common stock, based on a limit of 25% of the outstanding shares of common stock on the date of approval, at a minimum price of $1.00 per share and a maximum price of $500.00 per share, for a period of five years from the date of approval. As of June 30, 2020, approximately 2.4 million shares of common stock remain available for repurchase under the program. There were no purchases of shares of common stock during the six months ended June 30, 2020. We purchased 0.3 million shares of common stock at an average price of $21.89 per share during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019. Luxembourg law limits share repurchases to the balance of Altisource Portfolio Solutions S.A. (unconsolidated parent company) retained earnings, less the value of shares repurchased. As of June 30, 2020, we can repurchase up to approximately $94 million of our common stock under Luxembourg law. Our Credit Agreement also limits the amount we can spend on share repurchases, which limit was approximately $448 million as of June 30, 2020, and may prevent repurchases in certain circumstances.

Share-Based Compensation

We issue share-based awards in the form of stock options, restricted shares and restricted share units for certain employees, officers and directors. We recognized share-based compensation expense of $4.8 million and $5.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively ($1.9 million and $2.8 million for the second quarter of 2020 and 2019, respectively). As of June 30, 2020, estimated unrecognized compensation costs related to share-based awards amounted to $8.5 million, which we expect to recognize over a weighted average remaining requisite service period of approximately 1.51 years.

Stock Options

Stock option grants are composed of a combination of service-based, market-based and performance-based options.

Service-Based Options. These options generally vest over three or four years with equal annual vesting and generally expire on the earlier of ten years after the date of grant or following termination of service. A total of 280 thousand service-based options were outstanding as of June 30, 2020.

Market-Based Options. These option grants generally have two components, each of which vests only upon the achievement of certain criteria. The first component, which we refer to as “ordinary performance” grants, generally consists of two-thirds of the market-based grant and begins to vest if the stock price is at least double the exercise price, as long as the stock price realizes a compounded annual gain of at least 20% over the exercise price. The remaining third of the market-based options, which we refer to as “extraordinary performance” grants, generally begins to vest if the stock price is at least triple the exercise price, as long as the stock price realizes a compounded annual gain of at least 25% over the exercise price. Market-based options vest in three or four year installments with the first installment vesting upon the achievement of the criteria and the remaining installments vesting thereafter in equal annual installments. Market-based options generally expire on the earlier of ten years after the date of grant or following termination of service, unless the performance criteria is met prior to termination of service or in the final three years of the option term, in which case vesting will generally continue in accordance with the provisions of the award agreement. A total of 222 thousand market-based options were outstanding as of June 30, 2020.

Performance-Based Options. These option grants generally will vest if certain specific financial measures are achieved; one-fourth vests on each anniversary of the grant date. For certain other financial measures, options cliff-vest upon the achievement of the specific performance during the period from 2019 through 2021. The award of performance-based options is adjusted based on the level of achievement specified in the award agreements. If the performance criteria achieved is above threshold performance levels, participants have the opportunity to vest in 50% to 200% of the option grants, depending upon performance achieved. If the performance criteria achieved is below a certain threshold, the options are canceled. The options generally expire on the earlier of ten years after the date of grant or following termination of service. There were 461 thousand performance-based options outstanding as of June 30, 2020.

There were no stock options granted during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019. Outstanding stock options increased by 228 thousand in February 2019 in connection with the determination of the level of achievement for certain performance-based options granted in 2018.

The fair values of the service-based options and performance-based options are determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and the fair values of the market-based options were determined using a lattice (binomial) model.

We determined the expected option life of all service-based stock option grants using the simplified method, determined based on the graded vesting term plus the contractual term of the options, divided by two. We use the simplified method because we believe that our historical data does not provide a reasonable basis upon which to estimate expected option life.

The following table summarizes the total intrinsic value of stock options exercised and the grant date fair value of stock options that vested during the periods presented:



	Six months ended June 30,
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	2020		2019

Intrinsic value of options exercised	$	—	$	34
Grant date fair value of stock options that vested	2,602		2,752

The following table summarizes the activity related to our stock options:



	Number of options		Weighted average exercise price		Weighted average contractual term (in years)	Aggregate intrinsic value (in thousands)

Outstanding as of December 31, 2019	1,468,046		$	29.19	4.60	$	94
Forfeited/expired	(504,911	)	23.69

Outstanding as of June 30, 2020	963,135		32.07		6.11	—

Exercisable as of June 30, 2020	589,845		28.52		5.88	—

Other Share-Based Awards

The Company’s other share-based and similar types of awards are composed of restricted shares and restricted share units. The restricted shares and restricted share units are composed of a combination of service-based awards and performance-based awards.

Service-Based Awards. These awards generally vest over two to four year periods with (a) vesting in equal annual installments, or (b) vesting of all of the restricted shares and restricted share units at the end of the vesting period. A total of 411 thousand service-based awards were outstanding as of June 30, 2020. Beginning in 2019, service-based restricted share units were awarded as a component of most employees’ annual incentive compensation rather than cash.

Performance-Based Awards. These awards generally vest if certain specific financial measures are achieved; one-third vests on each anniversary of the grant date or cliff-vest on the third anniversary of the grant date. The number of performance-based restricted shares and restricted share units that may vest will be based on the level of achievement as specified in the award agreements. If the performance criteria achieved is above certain financial performance levels and Altisource’s share performance is above certain established criteria, participants have the opportunity to vest in up to 225% of the restricted share unit award for certain awards. If the performance criteria achieved is below certain thresholds, the award is canceled. A total of 265 thousand performance-based awards were outstanding as of June 30, 2020.

The Company granted 349 thousand restricted share units (at a weighted average grant date fair value of $16.26 per share) during the six months ended June 30, 2020.

The following table summarizes the activity related to our restricted shares and restricted share units:



	Number of restricted shares and restricted share units

Outstanding as of December 31, 2019	636,146
Granted	349,459
Issued	(175,533	)
Forfeited/canceled	(133,622	)

Outstanding as of June 30, 2020	676,450